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1From "Senseless Turpitude" to Stately DutyFATHER AND SONJohn Adams was born in Braintree, Massachusetts, on October 19, 1735, the fourth-generation descendant of Henry Adams, who arrived in America with his wife, Edith, about 1636. Of yeoman stock, pious, frugal, and hardworking, Henry died a decade after settling in Braintree, leaving eight sons and a daughter, a house with two rooms, a farm of forty acres on which ranged a cow, heffer, and swine, and a modest library of treasured books. One son, Joseph, followed in his father's footsteps and, married to Abigail Baxter, had no less than twelve children. Their son Joseph Adams Jr. married Hannah Bass, great-granddaughter of John and Priscilla Alden of the Plymouth landing and Mayflower epic. Their son, the first John Adams, married Susanna Boylston, the daughter of a family in Massachusetts medical history. Into the Adams-Boylston marriage was born John Adams, the eldest of the three sons.The dwelling in which young Adams grew up was plain, simple, severe. On the farm of hay fields sat a two-story clapboard house with a single chimney that served to heat four dimly lit rooms. The sloping roof made the two upstairs bedrooms into a low cubbyhole under which the boys had to stoop to turn in to bed. As with much of the rest of Puritan New England, the Adams family experienced life as a challenge to moral character, an austere, demanding existence without the luxury of servants or slaves.Although lacking material comfort and often enduring dreary weather, the Adams household enjoyed a wealth of books, ideas, and stimulating conversation. A theological atmosphere weighed down upon New England, with citizens worrying about the fate of their souls while debating the inscrutability of God's purposes and the meaning of evil. Adams senior took his son to a barnlike meetinghouse to hear sermons asking the congregation to turn to faith, and then to the town meeting to hear public issues discussed that asked citizens to rely upon reason. The father hoped his eldest son would enter college and study for the ministry. But young Adams was not the bookworm that one might assume in view of his later life as a learned intellectual. He relished the outdoors; knew every trail, pond, and woods in the neighborhood; and took pride in his physical prowess despite his small size. Well into adulthood he would retain a passion for tracking and hunting. His father, however, a farmer and outdoorsman himself, wanted his son to study Latin to prepare for Harvard College. When he protested that he hated the subject, his father replied: "Well, John, if Latin-grammar does not suit you, you may try ditching, perhaps that will; my meadow yonder needs a ditch, and you may put by Latin and try that." Young John looked forward to the "delightful change," only to discover after a day and a half of hard, backbreaking work that he preferred Latin to labor. But he felt too humiliated to admit it to his father. Finally at nightfall "toil conquered pride, and I told my father, one of the severest trials of my life, that, if he chose, I would go back to Latin-grammar. He was glad of it; and if I have since gained any distinction, it has been owing to the two days' labor in that abominable ditch."Adams entered Harvard at fifteen. To the Puritan founders of New England, the life of the mind was everything; few could forget that the doctrines of the Protestant Reformation were first promulgated in the universities of Europe. Under Harvard's tutorial system, Adams studied Greek and Latin, logic, rhetoric, physics, and, in his senior year, moral philosophy and metaphysics. Not all his classmates buckled down. Some of Harvard's brightest students would be reprimanded for drinking, gambling, rioting, whoring, and, even worse, lapses into infidelity and blasphemy. Adams was reticent about his college experience. Perhaps his lack of enthusiasm reflected the rote nature of the learning that had students simply copying the contents of books rather than critically analyzing them. In his later years, Adams would do both when subjecting Western political philosophy to his penetrating analysis, quoting long passages from Machiavelli to show where the Florentine political philosopher contradicts himself.Adams was graduated from Harvard in 1755, and returned to Braintree uncertain of a vocation. The ministry that his father favored Adams found stifling. He had his fill of the doctrinal disputes surrounding "frigid John Calvin," and he could not help remembering the attacks on the liberal theologian Jonathan Mayhew and others who deviated from orthodoxy. He decided to accept an earlier offer of a teaching position at a grammar school in Worcester, and with a horse sent by the town for him to ride, he made the sixty-mile trip from Braintree (later called Quincy) in a single day.The opportunity to teach young people led Adams to reflect upon what it is that motivates the mind. Who in the class will turn out to be a "hero" or a "rake" or a "philosopher" or a "parasite"? The boredom and daydreaming of the students rubbed off on the schoolmaster, who found his own mind wandering out the window. Schoolteachers were poorly paid, and Adams could only afford to board with families. It was in his first few years as a Worcester instructor that Adams started to keep a diary. The opening pages are full of doubt, self-scrutiny, and intellectual curiosity about God and the nature of the universe and the adequacy of his own character. "Constantly forming but never executing good resolutions," he lamented. "Oh! That I could wear out my mind any mean and base affectation; conquer my natural pride and self-conceit; expect no more deference from my fellows than I deserve; … subdue every unworthy passion, and treat all men as I wish to be treated by all." What troubled Adams was that his mind flitted with thoughts that seemed to have no object, leaving his mental life all motion and no direction. And his inability to concentrate resulted in many students' dilemma:
What is the Cause of Procrastination? To day my Stomack is Disordered, and my Thoughts of Consequences, unsteady and Confused. I cant study to day but will begin tomorrow. Tomorrow comes. Well, I feel pretty well, my head is pretty clear, but Company comes in. I cant yet study tomorrow, but will begin in Earnest next day. Next day comes. We are out of Wood, I cant study: because I cant keep a fire. Thus, something is always wanting that is necessary.
Adams's experience in the classroom led him to believe that young minds are more likely to be motivated positively than negatively, by expectations of praise instead of fear of punishment. At this point in his life, having turned twenty-one and finding himself still uncertain of his chosen vocation, Adams became preoccupied with motivation. In view of his later social philosophy, which would emphasize the human need for external recognition, his earlier thoughts valued even more the force of inner conviction. In 1756, he wrote to a friend, "Upon common theatres, indeed, the applause of the audience is of more importance to the actor than their own approbation. But upon the stage of life, while conscience claps, let the world hiss." But Adams's conscience was hardly clapping as he sank into idleness, the worst sin for a Puritan. "I am dull and inactive, and all my resolutions, all the spirits I can muster are insufficient to rouse me from this senseless turpitude." He knew he had to leave behind grammar-school teaching, and he thought about the three options available to college graduates: divinity, medicine, or law. Against the advice of family and friends, he chose to study law, then a profession of mixed repute.The original settlers of New England had no lawyers. But when the visions of commonwealth and love quickly receded, and conflict and distrust took hold, the profession of law emerged to handle suits and litigations. Public as well as personal disputations shaped the life of law, and indeed the controversies between the colonies and mother country that led to the Revolution were legal in nature. Adams would argue the American cause as a lawyer, defending a country whose rights had been violated. Adams carried into his new chosen calling the religious idealism that sprang from his Puritan environment. A century later Adams's great-grandson Henry Adams would look upon the legal profession as the hireling of big business. But "honest John Adams" saw law as an instrument of morality, and he dedicated himself to the profession as a cause that fulfilled his need to do right by his conscience.Adams was cut out perfectly for the profession. He delighted in courtroom drama; enjoyed riding the circuit; had a clear, sonorous manner of speaking, a mind that could cut quickly to the heart of an issue and present effective summations, and a character so open in its convictions that few could suspect him of concealing evidence or manipulating opinion. He valued law as rooted in history, in experience, and in precedent. Admitted to the bar by the Massachusetts Superior Court in 1761, Adams returned to Braintree and out of a small office handled matters dealing with property, taxes, deeds, and wills; while on the circuit he took cases involving theft, libel, rape, and bastardy. In his hometown he also led a crusade against taverns, whose customers took to drinking and brawling. Adams succeeded in getting an ordinance to limit the licensing of these dens of iniquity, appearing in court in his distinguished black robe and white wig.Adams was particularly impressed by the stirring role of another lawyer. James Otis took to court the case of Boston merchants protesting the breaking into of their ships and warehouses by British customs officials whose actions had been authorized by writs of assistance issued by the English Crown. Otis's speech against the writs deeply moved Adams. The trial itself involved only a petty matter of protecting smugglers, but it would have, Adams reflected, implications for the limitations of British authority in America. From the courtroom resonated the theory of the social compact stipulating the natural rights of citizens and the right of revolution itself.ABIGAIL AND THE "WILD AND GIDDY DAYS"Long before he was a practicing attorney, Adams felt himself drawn to the female sex. His wit and charm appealed to village belles, and while he himself remained chaste, Braintree and other towns had their share of unwed mothers and bastard children. Male friends warned him against the tender trap of matrimony, and few rushed into it at an early age. Even so, Adams spent hours "gallanting the girls" and reading Ovid to the wife of the town doctor. He found himself captivated by the enticing Hannah Quincy, who had other young men swarming around her like moths to a flame. On one occasion he almost proposed to her, but friends burst into the room and the embarrassed couple drew apart. When Hannah soon after married another suitor, Adams suddenly knew what it meant to be lovesick, unable to sleep without thinking of her beautiful smiling face, a scene that aroused desires that could not be fulfilled and lingered only to "be grappled to my soul. Wherever I go, whatever I do, asleep or awake, This dear bewitching scene attends me, and takes up all my Thoughts."One of Adams's best friends married in 1761, two years after he first met Abigail Smith. But Adams put off becoming engaged to Abigail until early 1764. Unlike the flirtatious Hannah, Abigail, then only fifteen and ten years younger than Adams, was too coy to show her feelings to the man who moved her heart, and it took him some time to sense her rare qualities of mind and spirit. He also felt inadequate financially, having no prospects of becoming rich. But with the death of his father he inherited a saltbox cottage on the farm, and after three years he grew confident and pursued her ardently. His instincts proved correct. The forty-five-year marriage between John and Abigail Adams constitutes one of the great romances in the history of the American presidency. The relationship was a rapture of fused souls. They came together, John said, "like magnet and steel." But political duty took John away for long stays in Europe, and during the twelve years when he was vice president and president, Abigail frequently remained in Quincy. Until Adams left office in 1801, he and Abigail had lived apart more often than together. But correspondence between the two sustained an intimacy that age could not wither. Earlier, when Adams was serving as a diplomat in Europe, Abigail expressed her feelings before leaving to join him: "My thoughts are fixed, my latest wish depend / on thee guide, guardian, Husband, lover, Friend." It was the rarest of relationships, one in which husband and wife were exceptionally well mated, and love conquered space and time.Abigail came from the town of Weymouth, born into a well-off ministerial family whose members thought her marriage to a small-town lawyer was beneath her. As a youth, Abigail had suffered from frequent illnesses, although she thought back fondly on a pleasant childhood of "wild and giddy days." Together with her two sisters, she received her education at home with her mother serving as instructor and her father's library as a valuable resource. Well-read, perceptive, witty, Abigail carried on with John Adams as an equal, bringing stability to his dark moods and self-doubts. A painting, rendered around the time of the marriage, shows her with a serenely attractive face from which stare dark, intense eyes; hair pulled back; and lips about to smile but holding the serious look customary in eighteenth-century portraits. Later drawings show her aging gracefully. In some of her letters she took the pen name "Portia," reference to the long-suffering wife of the Roman leader Brutus. But Abigail was whimsical rather than whining. She never complained of marriage and motherhood but instead accepted the conventional code of female behavior while valuing her own privacy and autonomy. With her husband occupied with public life, Abigail took on the responsibility of managing the farm and handling financial matters. She also became a gifted letter writer, carrying on a rich correspondence not only with her husband but with the author Mercy Otis Warren, one of the first historians of the American Revolution.After the Revolution broke out there were moments when Abigail did become political. In the spring of 1776, she wrote to John: "I long to hear that you have declared an independency," and she then offered the advice, "and by the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors." She concluded her counsel with sentiments common to colonial women. "Do not put such unlimited power in the hands of the Husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could.""THE MOST MAGNIFICENT MOVEMENT OF ALL": THE REVOLUTIONIn 1763, a seven-year war between England and France for the control of North America came to an end, the so-called French and Indian War that saw native Americans fighting alongside France in the Northeast, where "New France" went down to defeat with the fall of Quebec. "This," said the English statesman Lord Granville, "has been the most glorious war and the most triumphant peace that England ever knew." Granville uttered that thought on his deathbed; fortunately, he would not live to see how wrong he was. In less than two decades, England would be driven out of America, and not by France or Spain but by her own children.England's victory created two ironic circumstances. While the American colonists no longer felt they needed England for protection against the French and native Indians, England just as strongly believed it needed America to pay for the war and the upkeep of the colonial system as well as the security afforded by the British army and navy. The century-old relationship of America to the mother country had been characterized by charters, laws, and regulations, many of which were so ill defined and ignored that an English historian remarked that his country's relations with the world and the settlement of America took place in a "fit of absence of mind." To rectify the situation, the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act of 1765. The legislation, requiring all kinds of printed material, from newspapers to diplomas to legal documents, to carry revenue seals, meant that for the first time in history colonists had been taxed directly. When news of the law reached America in May, Boston exploded in anger. Tax collectors were tarred and feathered, stamp seals seized and burned, effigies hung and bonfires lit, and the house of Peter Oliver, Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson's brother-in-law, was stormed and smashed into shambles; soon after, Hutchinson's own luxurious house full of paintings, silver, china, and rare books was gutted.The behavior of the once law-abiding Boston people troubled Adams. Those who led the assaults called themselves the "Sons of Liberty," but Adams wondered whether liberty could survive the passions of a mob riot. Adams and a dozen leading citizens organized an evening club to discuss the meaning of law and order in a political culture based on rights and freedoms. Out of these discussions came Adams's first contribution to political philosophy, A Dissertation on the Canon and Feudal Law. The essays were published anonymously and without title in the Boston Gazette and later appeared in London. The document, much discussed at the time, has since fallen into neglect. A pity, for Adams, like Abraham Lincoln later in American history, was attempting to explain the meaning of America to America and to the world.When English men, women, and children departed from the Old World to come to the New, they brought with them the best single idea and left behind the two worst. They arrived with the germ of the idea of the natural rights of humankind and left back in the Old World the ideas of absolutism and dogmatism based on the institutions of feudalism and Catholicism, the reign of "kings and cruel priests." Both feudal and canon law kept their subjects in a state of "sordid ignorance and staring timidity," and it was only with the Protestant Reformation, whose rebellious spirit the Puritans brought to America, that there took place a world-shaking revolt against the tyranny of church and state. The Dissertation signaled Adams's most radical moment when he seemed to be questioning authority in the name of liberty and obedience in the name of resistance. He was trying to make America aware of that which Edmund Burke would later try to make the British Parliament aware: the colonists as Protestants are by nature implacable protesters who will not be subdued, but instead will suspect the worst if anyone tries to infringe upon their sovereignty. King George III may call the colonists "rebels," but they are rebels with a cause and a conscience. The great sin, announced Adams the Puritan, is passivity and complacency. "Let us dare to read, think, speak, and write."Due to the protests of Adams and others, England repealed the Stamp Act, and the colonists rejoiced. But in 1767, Parliament proposed new legislation imposing duties on goods imported to the colonies, insisting that the tax was external rather than internal in that it involved foreign trade. Once again, Adams argued against any form of taxation without consent and representation. While Parliament debated the new duties law, England increased the number of troops in America. Colonists taunted British soldiers, "Bloody Lobsterbacks," and a youth was killed by a musket shot. Shortly after the boy's funeral, a gang of youths flung rocks at soldiers and dared them to use their guns. When the mob shouted "Kill them!," shots rang out, leaving three men dead and eight wounded. One of the dead was a brave, brawny mulatto, Crispus Attucks, who had joined the whites in baiting the troops, the first African American to die in the cause of American freedom.The officer who allegedly gave the order to fire, Captain Thomas Preston, was arrested and turned over to the city's Superior Court to be tried for the "Boston Massacre." British officers prevailed upon Adams to defend Preston, and when he accepted the case, the people of Boston could only wonder whether he was truly committed to the patriots' cause. Adams and another attorney, Josiah Quincy, produced witnesses who testified that the captain and his terrified soldiers had been provoked into firing. But to dramatize the fear, Adams resorted to an early form of racial profiling, reminding the jury that the mob was "a motley rabble of saucy boys, Negroes and mullatoes, Irish teagues [pigs] and outlandish jack tars," and that the troops faced the African Attucks, whose "very looks" would "terrify any person." He also made a powerful case for self-defense. The British were acquitted.The American Revolution began in mischief. What has come to be called the Boston Tea Party of December 16, 1773, started when patriots dressed as Indians boarded British ships and quietly dropped overboard 365 chests of tea. Adams, hearing the dramatic story from Abigail, wrote exultantly in his diary of "the most magnificent movement of all," so courageous that there is "a dignity, a majesty, a sublimity" on the part of the patriots who stole aboard British ships in the Boston Harbor and, under cover of darkness, staged the party that made history. "This destruction of the tea is so bold, so daring, so firm, intrepid and inflexible, and it must have so important consequences, and so lasting, that I can't but consider it as an epoch in history!" More than an act of vandalism, the destruction of property symbolized the point of no return. "The die is cast," Adams wrote to a friend.England felt the same way and ordered the port of Boston closed. Then rumors began arriving from England that Redcoats were coming, that patriot leaders had been indicted for treason, or, better news, that the tea duty had been revoked. Some leaders, including Ben Franklin, urged caution and tried to explore the possibility of compromise. The leader of the faction that would come to be known as the "Loyalists," Daniel Leonard, went so far as to insist that the colonists had no right to oppose taxes and to defy the authority of the mother country. Leonard also charged inconsistency. At the time of the Stamp Act the colonists had acknowledged that England could levy taxes to regulate trade for the purpose of promoting commercial advantages but could not do so solely to raise revenue. When that law was repealed and new legislation was proposed on tea and other commodities, the colonists denied all forms of taxation, whether internal or external. Leonard also charged that a small clique of agitators was misleading the colonists and inflaming them with the suspicion that England intended not only to regulate the colonies but to subvert the people's rights and liberties. Adams replied to Leonard and other Tory voices in a series of papers that appeared in the Boston Gazette with the title "Novanglus," Latin for New England. The rebels could read Adams's writings as a powerful justification of their cause; they can also be read in hindsight as a rationalization.Adams displayed considerable erudition in drawing upon the teachings of "Aristotle and Plato, Livy and Cicero, and Sidney, Harrington and Locke," whose thoughts were grounded in the "principles of nature and eternal reason." But "Novanglus" is more polemical than profound. Of the authors cited, only John Locke regarded people as endowed with the right of revolution; the others could be cited, as indeed they were, to uphold England's position that reason and virtue commanded the colonists to subordinate their interests to the greater good of the commonwealth. Adams's essays anticipated the Declaration of Independence in rejecting any right whatsover of Parliament to rule in the colonies. Both documents were declarations of freedom that sprang from the deeper emotion of denial, rejecting the authority to which colonists once swore allegiance. The American Revolution, it turned out, would be less a war of ideas than a power struggle between a mother country determined to prevail and her colonies determined to be free. Adams may have invoked the "principles of nature and eternal reason," but he well knew that the dispute would be settled by brute force. If Great Britain dared to subordinate the colonies to Parliament, she must do so by "the law of brickbats and balls, which can be answered only by brickbats and balls."Before the last of the "Novanglus" papers were published, gunfire was indeed answered by gunfire. On the fields of Concord and Lexington, on April 19, 1775, power replaced philosophy, and the issue of sovereignty would be determined not by reason but by strength. Taking positions behind trees, colonial minutemen exchanged volleys with British Redcoats and harassed their retreat to Boston. War, at last, had broken out, but it would take more than a year for America to declare its independence from England. In that period an epidemic of smallpox swept through the northern colonies, taking its toll on thousands of British and American soldiers and leaving Abigail Adams to care for a household of sick children. Boston became a hospital.The Revolution saw the colonies deeply divided. In Adams's estimate, one-third of the people supported the Revolution, one-third opposed it, and one-third were neutral or indifferent. Pennsylvania Quakers had no stomach for war, and some Virginians thought England could be persuaded to change its policies. Many delegates to the Continental Congress were instructed by their states not to vote for independence. Rumors speculated about sending a peace commission to England. Adams knew that ties with England had been forever broken. He also knew that it would be a long war and that other countries would be reluctant to recognize America until it became sovereign and independent. But America hesitated to take that bold step. Then in January 1776, a small pamphlet came forth from a side-street printer in Philadelphia, and Americans suddenly knew what had to be done.Thomas Paine's Common Sense swept the colonies with its powerfully simple message. It is absurd, Paine insisted, for an island to presume to govern a continent. Indeed, government itself, "the badge of lost innocence," is an artificial inconvenience based on our vices when in the New World all that is needed is a society of liberty and open opportunity. America offered the world a fresh start if it would only seize the moment and come to a "final separation." The sun shines on our cause. "The birthday of a new world is at hand."As did much of America, Adams welcomed Paine's propitious pamphlet. Yet while its spectacular popularity helped the cause of independence, Adams worried that Paine's pamphleteering approach to political thought would ill prepare America for a true understanding of what would be needed in the postrevolutionary era. Thus again he reached for his pen and wrote Thoughts on Government . Paine, Adams observed to Abigail, displays more talent in tearing down government than in having any thought on how it should be set up. Drawing upon classical sources, Adams insisted that happiness is founded only in virtue, and the people's capacity for virtue depends on the deliberate structure and administration of government, a government of institutions and laws and not simply of people acting on their own with neither rules nor restraints. Adams's thoughts circulated throughout the thirteen colonies at a time when each was deciding on establishing its own state government.On July 2, 1776, Adams was appointed to a five-man committee to frame resolutions that would announce: "That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be, Free and Independent States." How the actual draft of the Declaration of Independence came to be written by Jefferson remains unclear. Adams claimed he chose Jefferson as the better writer. Although Jefferson cannot remember Adams's claim, the author did indeed compose a forceful and felicitous manifesto. And while Jefferson supplied the language that made the case for independence, Adams supplied the spoken words that persuaded the country to move bravely ahead. Appearing before the Second Continental Congress, Adams spoke with eloquence and conviction. One delegate described him as "the Atlas of American Independence." Adams's "power of thought and expression," Jefferson wrote, "moved us from our seats."After the widespread enthusiasm that greeted the Declaration of Independence, a sense of gloom began to spread through the northern colonies. The smallpox epidemic worsened, leaving citizens and soldiers weak and in a panic searching for inoculation. Abigail nursed her own as well as neighbors' children. Even more distressing was the news of defeats suffered by American soldiers on Long Island, the capture of New York, and members of Congress fleeing Philadelphia. About twenty thousand British troops and Hessian auxiliaries were landing on American shores. But in the fall of 1777, America took hope with the first victory at Saratoga and the dramatic surrender of General Burgoyne's army. More encouraging was to hear that the retreating Gen. George Washington surprised everyone when he crossed the Delaware under darkness to seize a sleepy Hessian garrison. Days later he again struck at night, having quietly rowed back across the river, after leaving his campfires burning, to drive back British troops in New Jersey.THE PURITAN DIPLOMAT IN PARISIn the winter of 1777 to 1778, Adams agreed to join Arthur Lee and Ben Franklin on a commission to the Court of France to negotiate an alliance and seek financial aid. The voyage of three thousand miles took two months. It was also deadly dangerous. The north Atlantic crossing was treacherous at that time of year, and the ship could be captured by the British navy; Adams, as a leading rebel, could be tried for high treason and locked up in the Tower of London to await hanging. Abigail decided against going out of fear both parents might be captured, but she wanted their ten-year-old son Johnny to accompany his father. The boy (the future president John Quincy Adams) was eager to venture out into the seas and Abigail felt that his going out into the world was the best way to improve his understanding and sense of responsibility. Because of the many spies prowling around Boston, Adams and his son embarked secretly from Marblehead. British cruisers closed in on the American vessel, which outdistanced them due to the superior sailing skills of its captain. In the southern course a violent tropical storm hit the ship and shattered the mainmast. In his diary Adams wrote of "the ship, her motions, rollings, wringings, and agonies" and of the "devastation and purtrefaction" belowdecks.John Adams always acknowledged his deep desire for recognition, and he would have had the chance to fulfill it in France had he not been so honest. "Le fameux Adams?" he was asked, leaving him wondering whether the French had in mind not him but his cousin Samuel, the notorious activist who joined artisans, riggers, and mechanics, the incendiary who gave the signal for the Boston Tea Party, the spark of the American Revolution. The French thought Adams too modest to accept the accolade, "C'est un homme célèbre." They also thought him the author of Common Sense, reprinted in France with the author's name dropped and all hostile references to monarchy dropped as well. In his diary, Adams recorded that the more he denied such popular fame, the more it eluded him, until finally, after his mission to France was assumed by Franklin, he felt "a man of whom nobody had ever heard before,—a perfect cipher; a man who does not understand a word of French; awkward in his figure, awkward in his dress; no abilities; a perfect bigot and fanatic."At first Adams enjoyed the attention of French nobles and countesses; he particularly valued meeting Madame la Marquise de Lafayette, whose husband was in America fighting alongside Washington, and dining with the great philosopher Condorcet and the financier Baron Turgot—thinkers with whom he would later clash over the proper framework of constitutional government. But when Adams met other commissioners, he sensed trouble. One lived lavishly in Paris at America's expense; another brought his wife and children there with no intention of reporting to his post in Italy as minister to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Neither kept bills or records made for the purchase of weapons to be shipped to America. The more frugal Adams chose to move in with Ben Franklin at Passy, located modestly on the outskirts of the city.It was not the first time that Adams shared quarters with Franklin. Years earlier they slept in the same room, and when Adams closed the windows tight before turning in, he would awake shivering to find that Franklin had opened them wide and, instead of allowing Adams to get back to sleep, Franklin would give him a lecture on the virtues of fresh air. Later when Franklin passed away, in 1790 at the age of eighty-four, Adams told Abigail that too much open air did him in.Not only different sleeping habits separated the two. To onlooking Parisians, the two American statesmen seemed like the anxious Puritan exasperated by the ageless playboy. At seventy, the affable Franklin was thirty years older than the stern Adams, and the old man seemed to want to prove that sensuality is not the vice of the young alone. In his diary Adams grumbled about Franklin's life of "continual dissipation," which kept him in the company of les demi mondaines. Franklin would come home in the wee hours of the morning and was rarely up at breakfast to discuss the business of the day. Franklin's many erotic involvements, perhaps exaggerated, became the talk of Paris. Franklin, the darling of French society, was the most famous American in Europe. People lined the streets when his carriage went by. With his coonskin cap, easy manners, scientific achievements, wise aphorisms, and clever puns, he stood as the image of the new America. Adams did not resent Franklin's popularity or his libido, but the swirl of soirees seemed frivolous in view of the needs of revolutionary America.In Paris Adams became his most irritable self, suspecting Franklin and others of plotting against him so they could take credit for winning a peace treaty. Adams thought France intended to keep America weak and dependent upon its ally; hence France's support of restitution for the American Loyalists was far from a gesture of justice by a monarchist regime but designed to complicate things and prolong the war. Distrusting by nature, Adams faced a diplomacy of distrust. "No good diplomat in the eighteenth century would have suspended his suspiciousness," wrote the historian James H. Hutson of the Treaty of 1783. Adams, less interested than Franklin in parties and more concerned about policies, had to work with the French diplomat Count de Vergennes, whose vague utterances and indirections only made Adams wonder what America could expect from France. Vergennes sought to deal secretly and supply America with aid unbeknownst to England, lest Parliament reconcile with the colonies and join America in driving France out of the New World. Moreover, Adams and Franklin were blind to what Vergennes knew and kept to himself—that some of the secretaries serving American commissioners were British spies. Vergennes was quite comfortable with secret diplomacy and its intrigues. Compared to the more amiable Franklin, Vergennes found Adams stubborn and impatient and tried to have him recalled to America. Monarchist France had little sympathy for the cause of republican liberty in America.Although Adams sought financial assistance, he had no desire to see America become an instrument of French diplomatic and military aims. While he requested that France send as much of her fleet as possible to America's coastal waters to cut off British supplies, he resisted any suggestion that French soldiers be allowed to fight on American soil. Nor would he accept a peace treaty with England unless accompanied by full recognition of American independence. England's overriding interest was to bring the war to an end, and thereby retain Canada; France's priority was to prolong it, thereby gaining revenge for its loss to England in the earlier French and Indian War, and to see England prostrated and forfeiting all its possessions in the New World. Adams courted England with the possibility of a postwar commercial treaty, knowing full well that a reunion of America and England was the last thing the French wished to see.Vergennes preferred to deal with the more cooperative Franklin than the insistent Adams. English envoys in Paris, together with the Spanish ambassador, French diplomats, and American commissioners, thrashed out such issues as territorial claims to the Mississippi, fishing rights off of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, the stability of American currency in view of debts, and the status of the Tories and the confiscation of their property. Adams insisted that the subject of the Loyalists was solely an American matter, and, since their properties had been confiscated by different states, Congress had no jurisdiction. Loyalists, Adams advised, would find life so unfriendly in postrevolutionary America, it would be better for them to remain in Canada and England.In the summer of 1779, Adams returned to America and reported to Congress on the issues that remained to be negotiated. He also drafted a new constitution for Massachusetts, which was prefaced with a declaration of rights and prescribed the separation of power and a bicameral legislature. When Adams returned to Europe, he was appointed by Congress as minister plenipotentiary to negotiate the peace treaty. Even more than France, affluent Holland was where money could be had, and Adams departed for the Hague in October 1780, carrying with him instructions to negotiate a treaty of amity and commerce with the provinces of the Low Countries. The Dutch, though prosperous, had been unable to protect their merchant vessels from the English navy, and Adams had less trouble than he encountered in France in forming friendly connections with Amsterdam brokers and presenting America's case. Dutch writers and intellectuals drew parallels between the revolt of the Low Countries and the revolt of the American colonies. For two years Adams remained in Holland, at times growing discouraged by the reluctance of the Dutch to commit to America. But in late November 1781 came the "glorious news" of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, the general of the English army in America, and soon a treaty of commerce was established and loans totaling 5,000,000 guilders were extended from prestigious financial houses. Upon his return to Paris, Adams was hailed for his accomplishments in Holland. Adams would regard the obtaining of loans and diplomatic recognition as the greatest political achievement of his life. To a friend he wrote: "The standard of the United States waves and flies at the Hague in triumph over … insolence and British pride."Then the sin-struck Adams felt his ascension. "When I go to heaven," he added, not bothering with an if, "I should look down over the battlements with pleasure upon the Stripes and Stars wantoning in the wind at the Hague."Its forces routed in America, England had no choice but to negotiate a peace settlement. Now the maneuvering began. Count de Vergennes claimed that America had already won its freedom from England and thus it was irrational to believe that independence should come ahead of the treaty itself. An effect, independence, cannot precede its cause, the treaty, reasoned the French diplomat. Strangely enough, the American Congress agreed with the French that a peace treaty need not stipulate acknowledgment of America's independence. Dumbfounded, the outraged Adams threatened to resign and return home. Fortunately, Adams had the support of Franklin and the newly arrived diplomat John Jay. The three decided to ignore Congress and Vergennes and deal with the British on their own terms, making a separate treaty independently of France. Formal discussions began in the winter of 1782 and continued until the following fall. In the Treaty of Paris of 1783, it was declared: "His Britanic Majesty acknowledges the said United States … to be free, sovereign, and independent states." The three American diplomats held their ground, insisting upon coastal fishing rights and conceding to Europe no territorial claims in America and to the Loyalists no compensation for property. The treaty was signed in a building that is presently part of the University of the Sorbonne, in the fashionable sixth arrondissement at 56, rue de Jacob.Adams had experienced politics at the local level in Massachusetts, but diplomacy in Europe seemed an entirely different proposition, and from his reflections one can understand why later he would, when thinking about constitutional systems, put more trust in institutions than in men. "I will venture to say," he wrote in his diary,
however feebly I may have acted my part, or whatever mistakes I may have committed, yet the situations I have been in, between angry nations and more angry factions, have been some of the most singular and interesting that ever happened to any man. The fury of enemies as well as of elements, the subtlety and arrogance of allies and, what has been worse than all, the jealousy, envy, and little pranks of friends and copatriots, would be one of the most instructive lessons in morals and politics that was ever committed to paper.
Adams may have lost his patience with compatriots as well as enemies. But with the help of Franklin and Jay, Adams accomplished something unique in U.S. history. What the Treaty of 1783 commemorated was not to be repeated in the twentieth century: America won both the war and the peace.LEAVING PARIS WITH TRISTESSEAdams's last days in Paris were treasured for personal as well as political reasons. While the negotiations with England had been under way, Abigail, now thirty-nine, and daughter Abigail, nicknamed Nabby, had boarded ship to sail the Atlantic and rejoin the rest of the family. On a previous brief trip back to America, John returned with his son Charles, who, though at first fearful of the high seas, turned out to be as "stout a sailor" as his older brother John Quincy, who would make numerous trips across the Atlantic serving as an American diplomat.But the vessel on which mother and daughter sailed reeked with whale oil and vomit, and in a storm off the Grand Banks bottles and plates crashed to the floor as passengers held fast to whatever was lashed down. Women on board had to put up with two cramped, airless cabins, while the larger number of men slept in a room that served as the mess hall. The dampness of the quarters affected Abigail's rheumatism, and the meals were so revolting that often she would pitch in to prepare something more edible. When the weather improved, she left her quarters and began to "make a bustle," as she put it, describing how she "soon exerted my authority with scrapers, mops, brushes, infusions of vinegar, etc. and in a few hours you would have thought you were on a different ship."Abigail started out terrified of the ocean, but during the crossing she sensed a certain sublimity watching the mysterious phosphorescence of the water at night. She wrote to her sister ecstatically of the "blazing ocean," as dangerous as it was divine. "Great and marvelous are Thy works, Lord God Almighty."Mother and daughter landed in England and spent a few days in London where Adams, arriving from Holland, joined them before they crossed the channel to Calais and continued through the French countryside in a coach driven by six horses. Abigail and Nabby felt caught up in scenes from a Laurence Sterne narrative.Adams was delighted to resettle in Paris, particularly in a spacious house with a garden located near the Bois de Boulogne. But at first Abigail and Nabby found Paris repugnant. At a loss with the language, they suspected coachmen and servants of trying to cheat them. French society seemed too leisurely and hedonistic, French women shameless in their flirtations and risque affairs, and even priests more promiscuous than pious. But the new environment grew on them, and Adams pointed out the delights of the city: the elegant gardens; broad, tree-lined boulevards; magnificent museums; and opera and theater. Abigail became fascinated by the exquisite poise and pace of French ballerinas, and Adams recalled years earlier sitting at the opera in a box next to the famous old philosopher Voltaire. When Adams was relocated to London in 1785, Abigail spoke the sentiments of the family when she wrote in a letter to Jefferson: "I think I have somewhere met with the observation that nobody ever leaves Paris but with a degree of tristesse."Copyright © 2003 by John Patrick Diggins


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Enrique Rodriguez" <enriqu...@gmail.com>
|Re: svn commit: r542072 - /directory/apacheds/trunk/kerberos-shared/src/main/java/org/apache/directory/server/kerberos/shared/io/decoder/ErrorMessageDecoder.java
|Mon, 28 May 2007 03:24:51 GMT
On 5/27/07, Alex Karasulu <email@example.com> wrote: > Just wondering if your kerberos client will use the kerberos shared library? > If so I'm wondering if it should > go into shared/kerberos? However I guess it does depend on the core right > and this is why it is in the apacheds > project? That question wasn't totally clear on account of the "it"'s. I don't see why I would put a client into kerberos-shared. What other modules would share a client? Instead, other modules would share components providing client-side support so what makes sense is to put shared Kerberos functionality in kerberos-shared, such as ASN.1 codecs and components for requesting TGTs and service tickets, which could be shared by different types of clients, be they CLI or RCP. The Kerberos client I am working on is a CLI client with a dependency on Commons CLI. The CLI Kerberos client currently does depend on kerberos-shared, hence my codec commits to kerberos-shared. This Kerberos client should be mostly wiring together Commons CLI with codecs and the aforementioned ticket request components. Kerberos-shared is a shared library, intended to be shared by servers *or* clients. The clients could be CLI or GUI, Swing or RCP. All the ASN.1 codecs are in kerberos-shared. For example, the commit in question is ASN.1 support for decoding ErrorMessages and will be used by client-side Kerberos and client-side Change Password. If you're wondering how this could work with enhancements to LdapStudio, then I was picturing LdapStudio plugins would depend on kerberos-shared and not pick up any of the CLI-specific code in clients-kerberos. kerberos-shared shouldn't have any dependencies on core. I think it is mostly in apacheds trunk for legacy reasons. Though, it does have a dependency on ConfigurationException, but that's easy to either get rid of or, since it occurs in single vs. multi-base searches, replace when we have a better solution for multi-base searching. If you're wondering if kerberos-shared can be moved to the shared code outside of trunk, then I think that makes sense, with a little refactoring to remove minor deps on core. Enrique
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subset: commoncrawl


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- Made with Madhava Sweetener Blend (organic agave, organic stevia and monk fruit).
- USDA Certified Organic
- No GMOs
- Low Glycemic
- Clean: NO artificial flavors or preservatives
- Tastes pure and natural – no bitter aftertaste.
LONGMONT, Colo., Sept. 24, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Madhava Natural Sweeteners is making life a little sweeter with its debut of Madhava AgaveFIVE, a delicious, pure blend of Organic Agave, Organic Stevia and Monk Fruit. With only five sweet little calories per teaspoon, AgaveFIVE is free from chemicals, additives and preservatives. (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130924/LA85593LOGO) "Consumers have been telling us for some time that they're looking for all-natural sweeteners that taste great without a bitter aftertaste," said Madhava Executive Vice President Victoria Hartman. "We think it is important to deliver the same all-natural and organic choices in a delicious low calorie sweetener that is not only natural, pure, and organic, but low on the glycemic index and made from non-GMO ingredients." AgaveFIVE is a mild, low-calorie sweetener made with Madhava Sweetener Blend: organic agave, organic stevia and monk fruit. The sweetness profile mimics pure Agave, with a 1:1 sweetness ratio. Agave is an amazingly versatile natural sweetener that comes from the juice of the blue agave plant and offers a delicious all-purpose alternative to refined white sugar or artificial sweeteners. Stevia is also a popular natural sweetener known for its pure, clean taste. Monk fruit originates from the mountainous region in Southern Asia and has a mild, sweet flavor that complements most food and beverages without overpowering other flavors. Look for Madhava AgaveFIVE to begin hitting store shelves in October with an MSRP of $5.49. AgaveFIVE at a Glance


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Klein Tools is known worldwide for the quality of its pliers. These High-Leverage Side-Cutting pliers are also designed for heavy-duty cutting. They can cut ACSR, screws, nails, and most hardened wire.
California residents: see Proposition 65 information
- Rivet is closer to the cutting edge providing greater cutting power
- Streamlined design with sure-gripping, cross-hatched knurled jaws
- Induction hardened cutting knives for long life
- Hot-riveted joint ensures smooth action and resists handle wobble
- Unique handle tempering helps absorb the "snap" when cutting wire
- Plastic-dipped handles for comfort and ease of identification
- Note: product may vary by store


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Cal Fire is Increasing Fire Protection Inspectors
This year's fire season never really ended and Cal Fire is once again staffing up its fire protection inspectors.
Crews are already inspecting defensible space in Nevada, Yuba and Placer counties, making sure that homeowners in high-risk areas clear the areas around their homes.
Thirty feet of brush need to be cleared and plants and trees should be pruned within a 70-foot area. There are fines for not following defensible space rules.


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PickTrace provides labor and harvest management with real-time analytics to the agriculture industry.
Prior to starting PickTrace, Harrison was the Founder and Owner of GIvBag. His skills include entrepreneurship, business development, startups, public speaking, marketing strategy, team leadership, and project management. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Business and Management


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WIN Sponsors & Media Partners
Workers Independent News
By JoAnne Powers - February 11, 2016:
On Friday, the Washington State House Finance Committee bowed to pressure from the Boeing Company and killed a bill that would have tied massive tax breaks for the company to keeping jobs in the state. Washington passed the tax incentives in 2013 to maintain and grow the state's aerospace workforce. Since then, Boeing has shed over 4000 jobs by moving them to other states.
Connie Kelliher, spokesperson for International Association of Machinists District 751:
"I don't know how you'd define 'maintain and grow', but the loss of 4000 jobs is certainly not that. They're double-dipping by collecting our tax incentives and securing additional tax incentives from other states at the same time they're creating capability there that will be used to compete against our Washington State Workforce in the future. South Carolina, Missouri, Alabama, Oklahoma…all of them had specific job numbers tied to their incentives, much less than the incentives that our state offered. Alabama passed 150 million in tax incentives, versus the 8.7 billion Washington State gave, the biggest tax breaks in U.S. history at a time when our state is struggling with budget needs for education and other vital programs. If the aerospace tax incentives aren't bringing jobs, we believe they should diminish those incentives and use that money elsewhere."
The bulk of the jobs that have moved out of Washington have been engineering jobs, and Kelliher fears that manufacturing jobs will follow. Bill Dugovich is Communications Director for SPEEA, the Society of Professional Engineering Employees In Aerospace, IFPTE Local 2001.
[Bill Dugovich]: "Our union specifically went to the legislature, and informed them that they needed to tie these breaks to job numbers, or the Boeing company was going to move some of the most valuable jobs out of state, and our union, which represents the engineers and technical workers, we're down nearly 3000 jobs since these tax breaks were put in place."
Following Friday's committee vote, the accountability bill will not go before the full Washington state House of Representatives. The committee vote was largely along party lines, with one Democrat joining Republicans to kill the bill:
[Bill Dugovich]: "We've worked hand-in-hand with the Machinists for over two years to bring accountability to this legislation and it's extremely disappointing that the committee did not at least send it to the house floor for a vote. When we thought we had bipartisan support, it evaporated when it came to the actual vote. What's disheartening is the extent of corporate influence that the Boeing company can wield on a state and a state legislature."


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Skate sharpening - Noob question
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Registered User
Join Date: Mar 2012
Posts: 216
vCash: 500
Well, I have some definite opinions on this. I have been getting mine cut at 7/16 since I started skating(about a year)... so it is the only thing I have ever known. That was pretty much the default hockey cut at my local house. It has always taken me 2 hours or so to get them broken in to a point where they feel good. Usually, I can barely even turn or stop from my left side on fresh cuts.
Since we have time off from my league for spring break(3 weeks feels like an eternity) I decided to try some suggestions on here and get my skates cut at 5/8. A huge change, no doubt. WOW. What a difference. I stepped on the ice and immediately was full go, no break in needed at all. They also just plain felt better to me. They felt faster and my transitions are about 1000% easier. I always seemed to get part of an edge caught in the ice when trying to make quick transitions and so I have always made pretty hesitant transitions. This cut is so much more free, it feels like new skates. There are times when I miss that added bite a deeper hollow gives, but overall it just feels so much better. I should point out that I am a big guy(235lb, 6'4) with size 14 skates. Sinking deeper into the ice was clearly not an advantage for me. Even if I have to sharpen up sooner, this is well worth it.
my $.02
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This wasnt meant to be a fully fledged commercial product. Its the idea thats important here so its got my vote,no worries.View Instructable »
Checkout diyaudio,com for the calculations for driver to speaker box dimensions. I know theres Theil calculations? They should work for any dimensions.
These are speakers! Enclosures go inside speakers to isolate the driver from other frequencies.View Instructable »
This is the right idea but it would work a lot better with burnt Hemp fiber.Checkout Robert Murray Smiths YouTube channel and his work on DIY Hemp Batterys.They surpass Lithium batterys in performance.View Instructable »
I have a Sansui AU-11000 amplifier built in 1974/75. You would spend thousands of dollars now days to get the same quality of sound.The 1970s and 80s are considered the golden age of sound.Its when they made amplifiers to last.Checkout AudioKarma.org or DIYAudio.com to restore these Museum peices.
Thats for sure! I asked for a service manual for a Digitech amplifier I was checking out in an electronics store a while ago. They said they dont have service manuals anymore? If that doesnt say built in obsolesence I dont know what does? I refuse to buy anything that doesnt have a service manual anymore because it would invairiably be plastic junk that fails just after the warranty runs out. lolView Instructable »
For super dooper energy storage checkout Robert Murray Smiths YouTube channel on how to easily make your own Graphene batterys out of common cheap materials.These batterys go at least four times longer than Lithium Ion of the same weight,theyre non-toxic,safe,they dont heat up or explode and can be short circuited without any problems. He calls them Electrical Energy Storage Devices.(EESD) These are the batterys of the future.View Instructable »
Excellent,very well thought out.Youve done a good job mate and youve got my vote.View Instructable »
You can DIY your own graphene batterys now that surpass Lithium batterys in all areas including energy density,theyre more powerful,a lot lighter,charge up in a few minutes,theyre safe,dont heat up or explode even if short circuited,theyre non toxic and are made of easy to get cheap materials.I know it sounds too good to be true but its real alright,a lot of people are making them now. For instructions go to Robert Murray Smiths YouTube channel and watch some videos on how its done.Youll be amazed!View Instructable »
I was puzzled at first thinking, how in the great flying spaghetti monsters name could anyone play an LP record with that? lolView Instructable »
Thats interesting! Its seems the Neodimium magnets are getting way too hot to lose magnetisation like that and may call for bigger motors?View Instructable »
I have AdBlockPro because I dont like being bombarded with ads everywhere I go. If you unknowingly uploaded the ad with the YouTube video then I suggest you use AdBlock yourself.I was under the impression that you had uploaded the advert on purpose? Anyway its a cool instructable.(without the ad) lol
You lost me as soon as you put on the advert. This is not the place for it and I think you know that.View Instructable »
Yes they can be used in RC planes. You can rewire them and add neodymium magnets to be much more powerful, I watched a video on YouTube or somewhere that shows how to do it,it might even be here on Instructables?View Instructable »


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The first half of 2013 has seen many announcements in relation to changes expected in the employment law arena. With new information being received almost weekly, Walker Morris's legislation tracker sets out the changes in chronological order and highlights the headline points together with the proposed or confirmed implementation dates. The tracker will be updated on a periodical basis (the document is up to date as at the date indicated at the top of the document).
If you are registered and logged in to the site, click on the link below to read the Walker Morris briefing. If not, please register or sign in with your details below.


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Irish Setter Sightline Hunting Boots - $49.88
The same reliable comfort you expect from Irish Setter in a lightweight, streamlined hunting boot. UltraDry waterproof linings and treated leather/nylon uppers seal out moisture. 600-gram Thinsulate Ultra Insulation locks in warmth without excessive weight or bulk. The rugged, full-grain leather uppers are attached to Mountain Claw soles with aggressive cleats that dig into whatever is underfoot. Irish Setter ScentBan technology minimizes scent by killing bacteria that causes odors. Imported. Height: 9". Average weight: 3.4 lbs/pair. Men's sizes: 8-14 D width; 9-12 EE width. Half sizes to 12.Camo pattern: Realtree AP . - $49.88


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Airy Home Just 5 Minute Walk to Manini Beach(41 Reviews)
The owner has been emailed.
To book this property, you need to complete your booking through checkout on the VRBO website. We can't protect your payment if we don't know you've booked through us. Learn more
- Minimum stay:4 nights
- Sleeps:7
- Bedrooms:3
- Bathrooms:2
- Property type:House
- Internet:Yes
- Pets considered:No
- Wheel chair accessible:N/A
About the Property
House, 3 Bedrooms + Sleeping Porch, 2 Baths, (Sleeps 7)
Enjoy glorious sunsets from the lanai or walk a few steps to the bay for your photos. Sleep with the sound of the ocean in your ears and wake to the riotous songs of birds outside your window. Kealakekua Bay and the village of Napo'opo'o are unlike any you will find in the islands. The area is a quiet village with no stoplights, stores, or crowds. All shopping and dining are located 4 miles up the hill in Capt. Cook or in the other local villages of Kealakekua or Kainaliu Town.
This spacious and airy home sleeps seven comfortably. High ceilings with fans in every room. Covered lanai with peek-a-boo views of the bay. Brightly decorated with artwork from the South Pacific.
Master Bedroom with queen-size bed and private bath and adjoining sleeping porch with twin bed. Hall bedroom with queen-size bed and adjoining bath. Third bedroom has twin beds that can convert to king.
The Hawaii Tax ID Numbers: GE-000-453-0176-01
and TA-000-453-0176-01
Keywords: House
When you're ready to book, here are some tips to keep in mind.
Paying with a credit card on VRBO protects your payment for up to $10,000 against listing fraud. We recommend completing your booking on VRBO.Learn more
Member since: 2006
Property Type
- House
House Rules
- Max. occupancy 7
- Non Smoking Only
- Pets Not Allowed
Accommodation Type
- Vacation Rental
- Guests Provide Their Own Meals
Bedrooms: 3 Bedrooms, Sleeps 7, Beds for 7
- CD Player
- DVD Player
- Music Library
- Satellite / Cable
- Television
Leisure Activities
- Antiquing
- Bird Watching
- Scenic Drives
- Shelling
- Sight Seeing
- Walking
- Whale Watching
Location Type
- Mountain View
- Water View
Sports & Adventure Activities
- Hiking
- Kayaking
- Snorkeling/Diving
- Swimming
- Dining Area
- Seating for 8 people
- Broadband Access
- Clothes Dryer
- Internet
- Linens Provided
- Parking Off Street
- Telephone
- Towels Provided
- Washing Machine
- Wireless Internet
- Coffee Maker
- Cooking Utensils
- Dishes & Utensils
- Dishwasher
- Kitchen
- Microwave
- Oven
- Pantry Items
- Refrigerator
- Stove
- Toaster
- Lanai / Gazebo
- Outdoor Grill
RatesCurrency Conversion
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
My Standard Rate
4 night min stay
Rates are based on 4 guests; add $25 per night, per additional guest
Additional information about rental rates
- cleaning $200
- Tax Rate 13.416%
Base rate is for the first 4 guests. Additional adults are $25 per night, $175 per week, and children ages 12 and under are $15 per night, $105 per week.
Owner's cancellation policy:
100% refund if canceled at least 60 days before arrival date.
Don't forget your vacation protection! Get protected now
Adding our Vacation Protection services can make sure your getaway goes smoothly, no matter what. We offer Cancellation Protection and Damage Protection so you can truly relax.
Car: Necessary
The Bay is the Site of an Ancient Hawaiian Temple or Heiau and overlooks Captain Cook Monument. Kayak to the monument or hike from the top of Nap'opo'o Road down to the monument through the ruins of an ancient Hawaiian Village. Snorkel, Swim and Picnic at Manini Beach. Stroll to lovely and secluded Ke'ei Beach. Jog or walk south 4 miles on a level Road or drive down this road to visit Pu'uhonua O Honaunau, a fully restored ancient site of refuge. Snorkel at Two Steps Near Honaunau, a popular snorkel and dive spot. For a visit near the volcano, South Point and Black Sand Beach check out our listing at VRBO Listing #120909.
Owner info
Year Purchased: 2000
About the owner: We live in northern California and have relatives on the Big Island. We enjoy many recreational sports including backpacking, skiing, hiking, golfing, hunting and fishing and of course snorkeling and kayaking in Hawaii.
Why the Owner Chose Captain Cook, HI, USA:
The community of Napoopoo, at the edge of pristine Kealakekua Bay, is quite small and there are very few opportunities to purchase property there. When this home came on the market we jumped on it with the encouragement of my step-mother who lives nearby. Our entire family has benefited from the opportunity to spend vacations at Hale Hana Hou and we have enjoyed success with the vacation rental, forming many warm relationships with our guests.
The Unique Benefits at this House:
Well, of course, it feels like home every time we go over to Hawaii. We've had many repeat guests who feel the same way, some that have come back 5 years in a row. Looking out the windows at all the lovely palms and lush vegetation, feeling the ocean breeze while sitting on the lanai with morning coffee and listening to the birds singing, walking down to the bay to see if the dolphins are in...all mean Hale Hana Hou. And of course all the activities listed on the web site: snorkeling, kayaking, hiking, sightseeing, driving down to the volcano, driving up to Waimea or in to Kona for Slack Key Guitar concerts. Wonderful!
Contact us
Send email
- Primary: +1 7078231060
Links to more information:
- Click Here to see All My Rental Listings
The Lanai . Perfect Relaxation!
Dining Area and Kitchen
Living Room
Sleeping Porch off Master Bedroom
Twin Bedroom... Beds can be made into King Bed
Manini Beach Picnic Area
Manini Beach Picnic area and lawn to the left.
Keei Beach - a 10 minute walk away
Keei Road looking towards Kealakekua Bay
Waiting for their turn on the feeder!
Spinner Dolphin in Kealakekua Bay
Sunrise on Stand Up Paddleboard, Kealakekua Bay
Dining area
Master Bedroom has private bath
Queen Bedroom opens to hall bathroom
Manini Beach Sunset
Manini Beach from picnic area. Village of Napoopoo on edge of bay.
Sandy, the beach monitor, will offer to share produce
Keei Sacred Site
Breakfast time for Java Sparrows and Saffron Finch
Canoe Race-Kealakekua Bay and Capt. Cook Monument
Undulated Eel,Kealakekua Bay
Honaunau Beach sunset picnic
This listing was first published here in 2006.
Date last modified - Tuesday, May 23, 2017
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text:
Tanesha Johnson
Feb. 28, 2008
FORT COLLINS, Colo. - After a solid regular season, Colorado State will conclude its indoor season with a short trip to Colorado Springs for the Mountain West Conference Indoor Track and Field Championships this weekend. The three-day championship will take place Air Force Academy's Cadet Field House .
"I think our athletes are looking forward to the opportunity to compete at the MWC championships," said Head Coach Brian Bedard. "Both teams have been hit with some injuries and sickness but I would assume that all of the teams are dealing with the same things we are. The team standings will be separated by a few points either way.
"I would really like to see our men's team compete like they are capable of competing, as they have been a bit up and down this indoor season. Our women have been more consistent and look to be in a four-way race for the title. It will be exciting to see how it all plays out when the gun goes off."
The Rams will have three days of competition, starting Thursday with the multi events . The remainder of the team will begin competition on Friday. Live results will be available at themwc.com throughout the weekend.
Download Schedules: Add to calendar
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This organization has not appeared on the IRS Business Master File in a number of months. It may have merged with another organization or ceased operations.
UMFAF was founded in 1987 by a core group of interested alumni to address the needs and wishes of alumni and friends contributing to the University of Maine at Farmington. The Foundation has the fiduciary responsibility to accept gifts and to ensure the completion of each donor's philanthropic plan. Although a separate and independent entity from the University, its sole purpose is to benefit the school through the acquisitions of assets and investment of those assets.
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We serve the students at the University of Maine at Farmington in Farmington, ME, and we solicit alumni throughout the United States.
Mr. Dennis Monroe
Farmington, Maine, education, public liberal arts
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Main Address
242 Main St
Farmington, ME 04938
Undergraduate College (4-year) (B42)
IRS Filing Requirement
This organization is required to file an IRS Form 990-N.
How does this organization make a difference?
Self-reported by organization
What are the organization's current programs, how do they measure success, and who do the programs serve?
Program 1
UMFAF's operating programs include marketing itself and the types of charitable gifts the Foundation can accept; informing its contingencies about the benefits of philanthropic and estate planning; highlighting the lives and gifts of past and current donors; and promoting the University and its needs to potential financial advisors and donors.
Program long term success
Number of contributions from alumni and friends remain steady, in spite of the lagging economy.
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Population(s) Served
We serve the students at the University of Maine at Farmington in Farmington, ME, and we solicit alumni throughout the United States.
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We work to financially support students at the University of Maine at Farmington which still serves many first-generation college students.
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Mr. Dennis Monroe
Dennis Monroe, President of the University of Maine at Farmington Alumni Foundation, has been very active with the University of Maine at Farmington since he became a member in 1998. Mr. Monroe is a retired high school career counselor from Hall Dale High School in Farmingdale, ME.
Dennis Monroe
Term: July 2009 - June 2012
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Does the board conduct a formal orientation for new board members and require all board members to sign a written agreement regarding their roles, responsibilities, and expectations?
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Has the board conducted a formal, written self-assessment of its performance within the past three years?


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K Dog
Focus Addict
Join Date: May 2005
Fan#: 23554
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What I Drive: Car
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Apartments Juri & Hermann 1 is 200 metres away from the ski lift and 500 metres from the cable car, also operating in summer. Some offers ski-to-door access in good snow conditions.
The alpine-style apartments feature a fully equipped kitchen, a dining area and satellite TV. The bathroom comes with a shower.
The Juri & Hermann 1 apartments are 500 metres from the Römerbad Wellness Centre as well as from the Kathrein Thermal Baths.
Hiking and biking trails start directly at the property, shops... and a supermarket are just a few steps away. The golf course Kaiserburg is 3 km away. Toboggan runs and cross-country skiing paths are also a 2-minute drive away.
From 07 January to 03 March 2017, a 6-day ski pass for a child up to 12 years old is available directly at the apartment for EUR 6 if at least one accompanying adult buys a 6-day ski pass for the Bad Kleinkirchheim-St. Oswald Ski Area.
From 04 March until 17 March 2017 a ski pass is included in the rate for guests who stay in the\"Ski and Spa Offer - Two Bedroom Apartment with Balcony or Terrace\", as well as a 50% discount on admission to thermal baths.
From 18 March until 17 April 2017 a ski pass and free entry to thermal baths is included in the rate for guests who stay in the \"Ski and Spa Offer - Two Bedroom Apartment with Balcony or Terrace\".
|Wasserbrunnenweg 3-7


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- 1 (10-oz.) box frozen strawberries in syrup, thawed
- 3 cups
- 1/2 cup cubed mango
- 1/2 cup cubed papaya
- 1/2 cup coconut rum
- 1/2 cup pineapple juice
- 1/4 cup cream of coconut
How to Make It
Puree strawberries in a blender until smooth. Divide strawberry puree evenly among 4 tall glasses.
Place ice in blender; add mango and next 4 ingredients. Process until smooth. Pour mango-papaya mixture evenly over strawberry puree in glasses.
"Warm" Ice: Slightly melted ice blends a better drink, Ernie says. He suggests letting the ice sit out at room temperature for about 30 minutes before using. "It should be wet to the touch without sticking to your fingers," he explains.


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On Monday, November 7, 2016, Visiting Professor Gillian K. Hadfield discusses her new book Rules for a Flat World: Why Humans Invented Law & How to Reinvent It for a Complex Global Economy. She will be joined in conversation by University Professor James Robinson. The event will be held from 6:00pm - 7:30pm at the Seminary Coop Bookstore, 5751 S. Woodlawn.
On November 8, Assistant US Attorney Bill Ridgway will speak to the Tuesday section of Kirkland & Ellis Corporate Lab about legal issues relating to computer crime. All are welcome and seating may be limited; a reception will follow afterwards.
The Kirkland & Ellis Corporate Lab Speaker Series will feature a lunchtime presentation on Monday, October 31st, from white collar felon/government info
The Kirkland & Ellis Corporate Lab will kick off its Speaker Series on Monday, October 17th, with a lunchtime presentation from
Professor Tasioulas discusses the notion of the 'minimum core obligations' associated with economic, social and cultural human rights, such as the rights to education and health. The idea of minimum core obligations, which is a nascent doctrine in international human rights law, is heavily contested both as to its meaning and utility.
Stacy Massey
As a part of the Innovate the Economy Festival, the Insitute for Justice Clinic on Entrepreneurship and the Sustainable Economies Law Center team up to host a panel of entrepreneurs discussing their experiences in working together to build cooperatively-owned and managed businesses.
Catering provided by Inspiration Corporation
Our regulation of the stock market is based on an antiquated statute that does not fit well with the realities of modern securities practice. Corporations hoping to access public markets are required to disclose market-moving information without charge and to all investors simultaneously.
Our regulation of the stock market is based on an antiquated statute that does not fit well with the realities of modern securities practice.
Human Dignity has become a central value in political and constitutional thought. Yet its meaning and scope, and its relation to other moral and political values such as autonomy and rights have been elusive. The lecture will explicate the value of Human Dignity through the exploration of three distinct ways in which dignity is violated.
University of Chicago Law School 1111 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637 773.702.9494 ContactDirections & Accessibility


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Summer jazz: Phillip johnston - page of madness suite with special support by gary daley & paul cutlan
Page of Madness review: Phillip Johnston surprises
Sound Lounge, February 11
Sydney Morning Herald, February 12 2017
If a sense of surprise courses from the heart of much good music, then Phillip Johnston sliced open an artery to flood this work with the stuff. Composition and improvisation have shared a bed since music was born, but often the former has constrained the latter or the latter has rendered the former redundant.
The Holy Grail has been to find a way to create contexts and structures within which improvisers may be given their heads, so the piece is completely different with each iteration, yet remains recognisable.
Johnston takes a 50-minute swig from that Holy Grail with Page of Madness: Suite for Improvisers. Originally conceived as the soundtrack for a Teinosuke Kinugasa 1926 silent movie, it has grown into a concert work for 12 improvisers.
Johnston plays composer in the conventional sense of strewing enchanting themes through the work, and in the less conventional sense of calling for free improvisations of specified durations and instrument combinations. While playing soprano saxophone he also conducted, controlling dynamics, density, intensity and entry and exit points for individuals.
His sophisticated conception demanded these individuals be exceptional, and Peter Farrar, Sandy Evans and Andrew Robson (saxophones), Jason Noble and Paul Cutlan (clarinets), James Greening and Alex Silver (trombones), Daryl Pratt (vibraphone), Matt McMahon (piano), Lloyd Swanton (bass) and Hamish Stuart (drums) nailed it.
It was a rendition that bounced between highlights as happily as a child in a toyshop. Among them were Farrar's alto saxophone exploding with look-mum-no-hands daring and thrilling improbability, Robson tearing the music's surface apart with his baritone, McMahon summoning up a churning ocean of sound, and a Swanton solo of understated sorrow that was as good as anything I've heard the bassist do in 37 years of hearing him.
Perhaps in moving the work away from its filmic roots Johnston could have massaged some of the "jump-cuts" into transitions, but otherwise this was heroic. The stage for it was set by exquisite duets between Cutlan (bass clarinet) and Gary Daley (piano and accordion).
SUMMER JAZZ: MIke Nock & Laurence Pike with special support by alon ilsar & Sandy Evans
FEBRUARY 4, Sound Lounge, Seymour Centre
Duet: Alon Ilsar drum kit, air sticks Sandy Evans saxophones (8pm)
One of many wonderful things about art is that it can incorporate current technology to the point of appearing or sounding like the magical or extra-terrestrial and it can tap into the tools and techniques of the ages to call up the deepest feelings of the race. To some the first experience of the didgeridoo was as startling as the sounds issuing from, say the Fairlight synthesiser. Yes, it activated samples rather than combining forests of sine waves. I throw the second example in in because I was the music editor of Electronics Today and Hi Fi and Music and worked alongside the son of the owner of the publishing company, who with a close friend was creating the very contraption that would be bought by Stevie Wonder and many others. The magazines were published down near Rushcutters Bay in Sydney. Golden days, oh yes.
I advance these commonplace thoughts because I have just heard a concert in SIMA's Summer Jazz series, in which the now long established saxophone duetted with Alon Ilsar's virtually invisible drums and "air sticks" A vibrating reed within the saxophone activates a series of standing waves. Everyone knows that. But how to explain the magic of Ilsar's gear. Incidentally, he used to play the actual drums with my late son, and he did likewise with Sandy on this night. As to how the air sticks draw drum strikes and patterns from the air –in fact, the authentic sounds of snare, cymbals et al. Well, forget my pathetic explanation, which I've suddenly abandoned. The program before me refers to Ilsar's innovative sampling technology and mastery of his custom gestural controller. That will do.
As it happens, the first duet did not include any percussion sounds. While Sandy responded brilliantly Alon Ilsar swayed and conducted gracefully, calling up several atmospheres that embraced the pair on stage. Sometimes they stood (and swayed) before a dark smooth curtain, which was sometimes disturbed gently by turning eddies and slow moving winds. There was sometimes murmuring in there, and with a click on one of the two controls (like hand grenades that fit snugly in his hands) Alon sent one of these nebulous articulations down to a region about four octaves below.
I was startled by the recollection this started of a memorable phrase from a radio show called "Behind The Creeking Door" that we listened to way back in the 1940s. Here is the phrase: "The dark cloak of impending doom". I can't match that.
There followed an agitated duet in which Sandy produced whipping twisting squealing sounds that were often remarkably similar to electronic productions.
Duet: Laurence Pike, drums sampler Mike Nock, piano keyboards (9pm)
The main act of the evening had much to equal. It did more than that. This was the well-established duet of the truly great pianist Mike Nock and brilliant young drummer Laurence Pike. Pike's presence was not strongly felt for a while because Nock had taken off like a startled deer, racing and retarding, bass and treble conversing then running independently. While the patterns, the cascades, harmonic and jagged atonal runs were often racing, the underlying pulse was often slow and meditative. Sometimes it sounded as if Nock was playing a written concerto, powerful and meditative by turns and sometimes seemingly simultaneously. I have heard Mike often reach a level of transport or abandon, but this was exceptional. Soon enough Pike found the right wormholes from which to draw the perfect commentary of sharp sweet pings and the ringing of fragile bells like little tunnels of crystal.
There were times when I - and another with whom I conferred felt that this was the best music I had heard (them too) and times when I at least thought perhaps this has gone on too long. But not for long. Free form thunder or ethereal reaches of snowy adrenalin sat us straight in our seats. At times, especially at the end, Nock shifted to his electric keyboard and that is how it ended: in a luminous peace.
There are several more Saturdays to come. Google SIMA or get yourself a program. It is clear that any young musician entering what might broadly be defined as jazz will find many areas still to explore.
summer jazz: Andrew Robson's child ballads with support by bree van reyk & veronique serret
Andrew Robson's blood-curdling ballads get modern musical treatment
The Sound Lounge, December 10
Sydney Morning Herald, December 11 2016
Had Lady Macbeth penned ballads rather than sleepwalking she may have bequeathed us some bonny wee ditties of daggers, ghosts and bloody hands. Happily others filled that particular need across the centuries, and these traditional English and Scottish ballads were collected in their hundreds by the nineteenth-century American academic F.J. Child. The original tunes for some were traced, but not all.
Enter Andrew Robson, who has taken eight ballads that were musical orphans and turned them into striking songs, cushioning or heightening their Gothic horror with his own alto and baritone saxophones, Llew Kiek's acoustic guitar and bouzouki, Steve Elphick's double bass and Mara Kiek's tapan drum. Above it all coursed the latter's voice. Kiek hurled herself into the gore and grotesqueness with such theatrical relish that there was more than a hint of Lady Macbeth about her, anyway. Often the Scots patois and wealth of unfamiliar words conspired against our total comprehension, but enough of the bloody deeds and jealous rages emerged to chill the blood and trigger the peculiar fascination that horror (and Scandinavian crime drama) seems to hold for our species.
Robson's music was of at least equal interest. The bass and tapan often carried such primal force as to scythe their own way through the assorted obstacles to love and honour. Then saxophone solos would blaze up like a warrior's anger, or cry laments for one cut down, poisoned, drowned or dismembered. Erlington had Llew Kiek's acoustic guitar glinting like sun on the armour of the 15 knights the hero dispatches to save his lady love. The darkest of all, Child Owlet (whose fate, despite his innocence, is to be torn limb from limb by four horses), began with skin-crawling arco bass and was capped by volcanic baritone.
Before, The Child Ballads (now available as an album) vibraphonist Bree van Reyk and violinist Veronique Serret enchanted us with extraordinarily diaphanous improvisations on pieces penned by van Reyk or a certain J.S. Bach. Little did we know of the horror to follow.
summer jazz: the catholics with special support by chris cody
The catholics review: Still fizzing after 25 years
Foundry 616, December 3
SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, December 5 2016
All music that is not idle display is a dialogue of sorts. Across this night came dialogues between music and room, music and audience, players and compositions, players and their instruments, improvisers and their collaborators and even between the first act and the second.
In a superb piece of programming Chris Cody played a solo piano set before The catholics, and here the dialogue was often between left hand and right. Rolling left-hand ostinato figures carrying whiffs of North Africa underpinned and interacted with right-hand lines bearing vague echoes of Ravel, Debussy and Satie, and more overtly a wistfulness suggesting veiled regret or loss. On the one standard, Lover Man, Cody's touch and dynamics were as telling as an exceptional singer whispering poignant lines of lyric in your ear.
He was such an ideal foil for The catholics because his music was like a one-man encapsulation of the dialogue that bassist Lloyd Swanton's band has been having for 25 years between jazzy improvisation and grooves derived from Africa and the Americas.
Amid inevitable personnel changes only Swanton, saxophonist Sandy Evans and trombonist James Greening have survived from the outset, yet in terms of breadth of colour and depth of groove this is surely the septet's finest incarnation.
Adding weight to the repertoire Swanton has incorporated pieces from his heartfelt masterwork Ambon, originally scored for a dozen players (including members of The catholics), notably Darkest Days, a 12/8 lament that could also be construed as hymn to resilience, featuring sand-blasted tenor saxophone from Evans.
There were several striking solos from guitarist Jon Pease, a plunger-mute solo from Greening to live in the memory and, alongside his work on accordion, a delightful melodica solo from Gary Daley.
Drummer Hamish Stuart and percussionist Fabian Hevia ensured every rhythm fizzed, but more telling than any individual performance was the abiding sense of the band having a collective heart as big as a house. And it was this heart that was having the dialogue with the audience.


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The Place (The Beginning Or The End)
In a courtyard we find ourselves,
A garden garnished in green,
In front of us stood a glowing tree of glory,
An astounding thing to be seen.
As a leader leads, so did I,
To this tree that caught our eye,
The knight knelt down in honour,
Of him I would not tell one lie.
To the group I said approach,
Knowing the trees properties,
It heals even the ant or roach,
Because this is the most special of trees.
Under the tree they stood,
A feeling of awe and good,
Their ailments subside,
Vitalised beyond their natural ride.
The knight mentions his strength renewed,
But questions about the fruit,
If they are some sort of food,
From the tree he picked in a curious mood.
With an inquisitive look he wondered,
How do I know all which has passed,
And this fruit he was holding,
He investigated what I knew, at last.
To him I said what I knew,
"The fruit is unripe, I know nothing of it",
"But in ripeness many things are true",
He cut the fruit open for a view.
Glowing green, like a light lime,
Hard to the touch, but smooth the casing line.
Inside, unripe hard glowing bristles,
A light of brilliant white.
And that's the last thing I saw,
For I did not sleep anymore.


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For your next party or event, call Islands In The Sun Productions. We offer a variety of live music options and will provide you with the best entertainment in the area. Check out our number one requested band Tommy-O.Tommy-O and his Caribbean band are guaranteed to bring the Island vibe to your next event. This high energy Band is the premier choice for Island and Beach Theme parties, corporate...
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