text:
Hey guys~! I finally completed this 2nd story~ I managed to finish it before leaving for my hometown! Sorry that my first story is not updated yet... I'll upload the new chapter when I get back. Sorry for any grammatical/spelling mistakes (I guess I deserve it for not paying attention in English class xD)
This story is about Ritsu and Takano-san (though he is still called as Saga in this story). Ritsu is heartbroken because of his ex-boyfriend and Takano suddenly just comes into his life... Read more to find out! ^^
Disclaimer : I do not own Sekaiichi Hatsukoi or any of the characters (except Shiroyuki)!
Chapter 1
'How long has it been, senpai?' thought the young boy, who was standing in front of a grave.
Rain fell heavily from the sky, as if showing the boy's sorrow. His bangs covered his eyes, his tears fell along with the rain. His fists, at balled up his sides, were shaking. His black school uniform was drenched but he didn't care. Just standing there, he let his tears fall freely, knowing that no one would see him like this. This Ritsu was different from the Ritsu in school. In school, he would always try his best to act cheerful, just as if nothing had happened. Almost no one knew what happened, of course. No one knew that he had been dating a guy from his school, or that they even known each other at all. They didn't know that Ritsu thought he was the cause of that guy's death.
'If only… If only I hadn't acted that way… Senpai wouldn't have been killed… It's… It's all my fault… I'm sorry, senpai…'
Ritsu was so deep in thought that he didn't realize that someone had come up behind him. The stranger was about to call out to him, wanting to ask if he was alright, but when he saw that it was Ritsu, he took a step back. Unfortunately for him, he stepped on a twig and it made quite a loud 'snap' sound under his foot. The crying boy heard the noise and turned back. He saw a tall, black-haired guy, also in the same uniform as him.
'Who are you?' Ritsu asked, quickly wiping away his tears.
'U-uhh… I'm sorry, Onodera-san…' stuttered the black-haired boy.
'How do you know my name?' Ritsu questioned him. He didn't remember knowing this guy.
'We've met before. Don't you remember?'
Ritsu thought about it again but he really couldn't remember.
'Sorry, I can't remember at all.'
'Ahh… It's fine… So, you know Shiroyuki-san?'
The taller guy gestured at the grave Ritsu was standing in front of.
'Un… Do you know him too?' Ritsu turned back to look at the grave once again.
'Yeah… We used to be classmates… Before, you know, his death…'
Ritsu just kept quiet, scared that if he were to say something, he'd start crying again. After a few minutes of just standing there, the taller boy finally spoke.
'Well, I gotta get going. Aren't you leaving yet?'
'No, I'll stay here just a little longer…'
'Ok, don't stay too long or you'll catch a cold.'
And with that, he walked away, leaving the boy standing there alone.
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*The Next Day*
The school day passed as usual. Right after the last bell signaling the end of school, Ritsu packed his stuff and walked to the library. His walk there was a quiet one.
Walking past the usual classes, windows, he couldn't help but feel nostalgic. It was almost as if he could hear his senpai's voice again, his laughter, his footsteps beside him. Feeling a slight breeze, he looked to his left, where the windows were and saw that a window was open.
Walking to it, he felt his eyes prick with tears as he remembered that this was where his ex-boyfriend first kissed him. He placed both his hands on the window sill and looked out into the sky. The sky was a pale orangey-pink, showing that it was evening already. Yet, he didn't want to go home yet, knowing that what awaited him at home wasn't something that he would look forward to.
When his senpai was still alive, they would always stay back after school in the library. To Ritsu, those were the best time. He would always look forward to the last bell, so he could see him. He remembers everything, all his firsts, he gave them to him. He could remember clearly, the time he lost his virginity to him in his senpai's room. As it was his first time, it was painful, but also a happy memory to Ritsu. But what he did to Shiroyuki-senpai, he would never forgive himself.
Reluctantly, Ritsu pried his hands away from the window and continued walking to the library. Upon reaching the library, he opened the door and went in. The library was quiet, no one in sight. He walked to one of the tables and left his bag there. He went to the back of the library, where most of the untouched books were. It may seem dull to the other students, but Ritsu found them really interesting. He would almost always be able to find a rare or out-of-print book there.
That was how he and senpai at bonded. He was reaching for a book when he saw a hand come into sight. Looking to who the hand belonged to, he came face-to-face with a dark-haired, indigo-eyed, tall guy. He blushed, realizing how good-looking the guy was. At that time, he didn't realize his sexual preferences yet. They had bonded over the book that they were reaching for. After talking to each other a lot, they found out they had the same interests, read the same books. Soon, they came to like each other and became lovers. But unfortunately, they only dated for a little over half a year before he died.
Scanning through the bookshelves, he found a new book there. It seemed interesting so he reached his hand out to take it. Before he could reach it, a hand came into sight. He froze, eyes wide open, he didn't dare to get his hopes up. Slowly turning, he saw a tall guy, with black hair covering his eyes, looking just like his senpai.
'S-senpai…' he stuttered.
The guy looked up at him, his brown eyes showing. He had a surprised look on his face. Immediately, Ritsu realized his mistake.
'I-I'm sorry… I thought you were someone else…' he said while bowing.
'Ahh… This is so embarrassing…' he thought, blushing deeply.
'So, you like these types of books?' the taller guy asked.
Ritsu looked at the guy again. He seemed familiar.
'Ahh! You're the guy from the other day!' he exclaimed in shock.
'So I see that you remember.' The boy replied calmly.
'Please, go ahead and take the book.' came Ritsu's reply.
'Ok, if it's fine with you. Thanks.' The older guy said and took the book.
Ritsu scanned through the shelves again for another book.
Suddenly, the guy spoke again. 'Have you read "Natsuyasumi"*?'
'Yeah, I have.' Ritsu smiled. 'It really is a good book, isn't it?'
The black-haired boy nodded, showing his approval. Ritsu finally chose a book, taking it out from the bookshelf. The cover showed a girl and a guy walking in the snow, the words above them saying 'First Winter Kiss'. It was one of Ritsu's favourites, the story was just so sad.
Together, they walked back to one of the library tables and sat down next to each other to read. After reading a few pages, he felt someone staring at him so he looked up. He caught the other guy staring at him, his face emotionless.
'W-what?' Ritsu felt nervous under his stare.
'Nothing. Just continue reading.'
'I can't, with you staring at me like that!' he exclaimed, flustered.
'Then, let's talk.' He closed his open book and leaned back against his chair.
'But… I don't even know your name… or anything about you…'
'Saga. Saga Masamune. I'm a senior this year, I love reading and music, I have a cat named Sorata. Anything else you want to know?'
Ritsu laughed a bit but stopped when he glared at him.
'What are you laughing at?'
'N-nothing. It's just that I never thought Saga-senpai was a cat person.'
They both kept quiet for a while, until Ritsu spoke up.
'Hey… About the other day, could you please not tell anyone? I don't want anyone to find out.'
'Sure, but in return, be my friend.'
Ritsu was a little bit shocked at his request.
'Umm… sure…'
Saga-senpai smiled, ruffling Ritsu's hair. He let his hand stay there. Ritsu could feel his face heating up and he quickly turned away.
'Were you and Shiroyuki really… you know…' Saga suddenly said.
'H-how did you know?'
'He knows that I like guys! What should I do if the school finds out?' he thought to himself, panicking.
'Yeah, Shiroyuki told me.'
'Now you know… that I like guys… are you disgusted?' Ritsu didn't dare to look at Saga's face.
'No, not at all.'
His reply made Ritsu look up, a surprised look on his face.
'Ehh, really?'
'Yeah. I don't see anything wrong with liking someone of the same sex.' he said.
Suddenly, the sound of vibrating could be heard. It was Ritsu's cellphone. He looked at Saga hesitantly.
Saga nodded and said, 'Go ahead and answer it.'
'Ok…' he replied and pressed the answer button.
The sound of a girl's voice was the first thing he heard when he put the phone to his ear.
'Hello, Ricchan? Are you there?'
'Yes, An-chan?'
'I was wondering when you were coming back. It's quite late already.'
'Ahh, I'll be home soon.' He said and ended the call.
Saga, who had heard everything, stared at Ritsu.
'Your girlfriend?' he asked.
Ritsu shook his head. 'Just a childhood friend of mine. I have to go now.'
He bowed to the older guy before him.
'Ok. I'll see you tomorrow?'
'Sure.' He said and went to the counter to check out his book.
While walking home, he thought about the day's events. It really shocked him when he saw Saga-senpai's hand.
'They really look alike, if not for their eye colours and height…' Ritsu thought.
Upon reaching home, he went to his room and lay down. It wasn't long before sleep enveloped him.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Fours
- Sixes
- Wickets
- V Sehwag 38
- SR Tendulkar 85
- G Gambhir 27
- V Kohli 9
- Yuvraj Singh 0
- MS Dhoni 25
- SK Raina 36*
- Harbhajan Singh 12
- Z Khan 9
- A Nehra 1
- MM Patel 0*
- Umar Gul 0/69
- Abdul Razzaq 0/14
- Wahab Riaz 5/46
- Saeed Ajmal 2/44
- Shahid Afridi 0/45
- Mohammad Hafeez 1/34
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, nerves? An extremely wide ball outside off with lots of swing away from the right-hand batsman. Sehwag chases with a wild swing and gets beaten. That looked wide, but it hasn't been called
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, short of a length outside off with good carry through to Kamran after Sehwag lifts his bat out of the ay
Umar Gul to Sehwag, FOUR, driven through covers for four. The ball was a touch too full outside off, Sehwag says so still and brings his bat down swiftly to crash the ball through the in field
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, shorter length with less room outside off, Sehwag tries to force off the back foot through cover but gets beaten by the shape away from him
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, fuller length outside off stump, Sehwag leans into a square drive but hits it to the fielder at point. He opened the face of the bat
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, Sehwag pushes off the back foot towards cover
Umar Gul to Sehwag, FOUR, a half-volley on leg stump dismissed by Sehwag with a crisp flick off his pads. He hit that in the air but there was no fielder anywhere near midwicket
Umar Gul to Sehwag, FOUR, too straight again, not as full, but Sehwag stays in his crease and whips the ball off his pads through midwicket. Still no fielder there.
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, short of a length around the hips, Sehwag tucks the ball off his body towards the man at square leg
Umar Gul to Sehwag, FOUR, too straight again and Sehwag flicks, this time past the fielder at square leg and the ball races across his fast outfield towards the boundary before the fielder at long leg can get to it
Umar Gul to Sehwag, FOUR, that's the fourth of the over. A slower ball outside off stump. The length was short and there was width. Sehwag waited for it and cut the ball hard through point
Umar Gul to Sehwag, (no ball) FOUR, the fifth! And it's a front-foot no-ball as well. Too full outside off and Sehwag drills the ball off the front foot through extra cover. Gul is rattled. Sehwag on the charge ...
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, Sehwag its on the back foot and tries to heave the short of a length ball over the leg side, he mis-hits in into his pad. This game has burst into life in this over. Pakistan need to control the damage.
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, Sehwag waits in his crease and opens the face of the bat to play towards point
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, good length around off stump, Sehwag strides forward and punches towards cover. Ball coming on to the bat nicely. The bounce looks good.
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, Sehwag uses the width and length outside off to drive the ball powerfully off the back foot, the fielder at point is in the way
Umar Gul to Sehwag, FOUR, that's a rubbish half-volley on middle and leg I'm afraid. Sehwag whips it through midwicket with a fearful lash of his wrists
Umar Gul to Sehwag, no run, there's the first bouncer! And Sehwag ducks under it.
Umar Gul to Sehwag, FOUR, that's another bouncer, perhaps a touch slower? It was wider outside off though and Sehwag reached for it and lashed it over point ... Pakistan on a leather hunt
Umar Gul to Gambhir, no run, Gul immediately pitches on a good length and zips the ball across the left-hander, beating Gambhir
Umar Gul to Gambhir, 1 run, played towards third man for a single
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, FOUR, Gul's troubles aren't over yet. He strays down leg and Tendulkar glances the ball to the fine-leg boundary
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, no run, good length and a better line on off and middle. Tendulkar defends on the off side from the crease
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, no run, he was aiming for the yorker, but didn't get it quite right. Tendulkar drives the over-pitched delivery to mid-on
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, 3 runs, Tendulkar pushes the length ball through cover and calls for two initially, he'll get three
Umar Gul to Dhoni, no run, short in length outside off stump, Dhoni tries to punch it to the off but is too early with the shot and the ball wobbles past the bat
Umar Gul to Dhoni, 1 run, again goes hard into the punchy shot, again too early with that and mistimes it to deep cover
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, no run, Two-paced wicket all right. This time Tendulkar gets a bottom edge, trying to push it to point for a single. The ball rolls behind the wicket
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, no run, full in length, just outside off, Tendulkar pushes it to mid-off
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, no run, gets back, steers it to left of backward point, looks for a run but Umar makes a neat diving stop.
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, no run, short in length, on the middle, turned to right of Younis at midwicket. TEndulkar wants a single. And they change their mind. Wise decision.
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, no run, nicely driven, on the up, but straight to short extra cover
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, no run, bottom-edged cut! The ball went nowhere near the wicket - it had been delivered short and wide - but a brief moment of alarm all the same. Is it already keeping low?
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, 1 run, tip-and-run from Sachin, as he leans into a defensive stroke and scrambles a single while the ball rolls to backward point. He's run well today, real hustle
Umar Gul to Dhoni, (no ball) 1 run, short and rising from Gul, Dhoni stands tall and pulls to midwicket ... and he's overstepped! A front foot no-ball, and a free hit coming up
Umar Gul to Tendulkar, 1 leg bye, attempted paddle sweep from Sachin as Gul spears this one in full and fast, Sachin misses however, the ball strikes pad and rolls to short fine leg
Umar Gul to Dhoni, no run, Gul sprints in with intent and fires one down on a length, Dhoni nudges to mid-on
Umar Gul to Dhoni, no run, very full but wide of off, dug out on the drive but it's toe-ended and rolls away harmlessly
Umar Gul to Raina, FOUR, lifted majestically down the ground! Dead straight, powerfully hit. It was a length ball from Gul, and Raina got nicely underneath it
Umar Gul to Raina, 1 wide, this time he aims for the yorker, but it slips down the leg side. A hint of wobble through the air, that delivery would be dangerous if he could get it on target
Umar Gul to Raina, no run, full toss this time, and Raina is taken a little by surprise, driving back to the bowler. Gul hasn't been quite at his best today, but a low full toss is at least better than a length ball at this stage
Umar Gul to Raina, FOUR, hmm, or maybe not! Another full toss from Gul but this time it's dished up wide of off. Raina drives, picking the gap in the field to pick up four
Umar Gul to Raina, 1 run, a better ball, but the damage has already been done in this over. With the field set back on the off side, Raina eases a very full ball to long-off for one
Umar Gul to Harbhajan Singh, FOUR, four runs to fine leg! Gul is losing it here, another full toss and this time it's misdirected down the leg side, a deflection off the bat and it beats Kamran
Umar Gul to Harbhajan Singh, no run, dot ball to finish, very full and reversing to beat the bat, but wide of off. India really needed an over like that
Umar Gul to Raina, 1 run, swinging yorker, right on the toes! Raina gets an inside edge on it, and that looks to be heading for the fine leg boundary ... but no! Riaz dives at short fine to cut it off
Umar Gul to Khan, 1 run, another full toss and Zaheer, backing away to leg, manages to carve into the off side to get Raina back on strike
Umar Gul to Raina, 1 run, full toss again, but it's low. Raina attempts to heave it down the ground, but the ball hits the toe of the bat, making a weak, woody sound, and falls well short of the man at long-on
Umar Gul to Khan, 1 run, Zaheer slams a full toss down the ground ... and another great piece of fielding from Pakistan! Younis Khan it is this time, sliding across from long-off to save runs. Still, 250 up for India
Umar Gul to Raina, 2 runs, yet another full toss, Raina drives along the ground to wide long-off ... they take on the fielder's arm, Umar Akmal it is out there, and they're back for the second!
Umar Gul to Raina, FOUR, shot! Raina walks across to off stump, and picks a half-volley up and over fine leg ... the fielder is inside the circle there, and once it was past him it was four


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 29, 2011
|Filing date
|Jun 9, 2006
|Priority date
|Jul 21, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Fabio Osnato, Devis Gatti, Alessandro Tomasoni
|Original Assignee
|Stmicroelectronics, S.R.L.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (8), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application claims the benefit of European Patent Application No. 05425526.0, filed Jul. 21, 2005, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to signal-decoding techniques.
Wireless Local Area Networks (W-LANs) have become a widespread technology on the telecommunications market for providing a wide-band connectivity between computers and other electronic devices. W-LANs are currently deployed in various environments, for example industrial companies and public and residential premises, in so far as they enable a high-speed data access for users. The most recent standards, IEEE 802.11a and 802.11 g, are able to provide transmission rates of up to 54 Mb/s, exploiting, as technology for the physical layer (PHY), a technique of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and a Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) on 5.2 GHz and 2.4 GHz, respectively. However, the demand for high-rate services for data is continuously growing, and a wider range of coverage is much appreciated in these types of applications. These factors are currently leading to the definition of a new W-LAN standard based upon an innovative technology capable of improving the performance of the entire system.
The adoption of OFDM reduces the complexity of equalization at the expense of a partial loss in bandwidth due to cyclic prefix insertion.
Thanks to pseudo-random bit interleaving, in order to de-correlate successive encoded bits the channel encoder and the QAM modulator (QAM—Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) can be selected independently, thus providing the possibility of different system configurations.
Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) radio interfaces have been studied in depth over the last few years, and have been widely considered as a suitable solution for improving the performance of modern wireless communication systems. The joint use of MIMO and OFDM techniques, in combination with a Space-Frequency Bit-Interleaved-Coded-Modulation (SF-BICM) architecture, as described in D. Zuyderhoff, X. Wautelet, A. Dejonghe, and L. Vandendorpe, "MMSE turbo receiver for space-frequency bit-interleaved coded OFDM", IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003, which is incorporated by reference has proven able to provide a high data rate and simultaneously a mitigation of the effects of channel fades.
New-generation W-LAN systems, in addition to guaranteeing an ever-faster data rate, should also guarantee higher levels of performance in terms of system reliability. These factors lead to adopting, at the receiver end, innovative, yet at the same time sophisticated, techniques of decoding and detection, such as, for example, ones based upon the "turbo"-MIMO principle.
To concentrate on the aspect of detection, the optimal technique is based upon the MAP algorithm, which maximizes the a-posteriori probability (MAP—Maximum A-posteriori Probability). The MAP algorithm may, however, not be physically implementable, above all when combined with a high order of modulation, as in the case of 64-QAM.
In fact, by adopting more than one antenna at both the transmitter end and the receiver end, the computational complexity is found to grow exponentially with the order of modulation and also with the number of transmitting antennas.
Consequently, in order to cope with questions of complexity and performance, sub-optimal schemes have been proposed, based upon simpler detectors, such as Minimum-Mean-Square-Error (MMSE) detectors to be used in iterative decoding and detection schemes instead of the MAP algorithm, which, as has been said, maximizes the a-posteriori probability. However, even using MMSE detectors, the computational complexity increases proportionally with the number of iterations, with a consequent major impact also on the latency constraints. Finally, also the constraints on the size of the memory can become a significant aspect especially at the user-terminal end.
From the foregoing description of the current situation, there exists a need to define solutions that enable exploitation of the advantages linked to MIMO techniques, without this entailing any increase in the computational, and hence, circuit complexity, which may render impractical the application of these techniques in widespread application contexts.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that meets this need is provided. Embodiments of the present disclosure also relate to a corresponding system, the corresponding receiver, as well as a computer-program product, loadable into the memory of at least one computer, and comprises software code portions for implementing the aforesaid method. As used herein, the reference to such a computer-program product is understood as being equivalent to the reference to a computer-readable medium containing instructions for controlling a computer system for the purpose of coordinating execution of a method according to an embodiment. The reference to "at least one computer" is intended to highlight the possibility for an embodiment of the present disclosure to be implemented in a distributed and/or modular way.
One or more embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the drawings.
The exemplary embodiments described herein have the purpose of reducing the complexity of a turbo-MIMO-MMSE reference scheme, targeting a significant reduction in the number of computations of the main blocks used in the iterative detection process. In particular, the main blocks are a soft-interference estimator (SIE), a MMSE detector, and the QAM soft de-mapper. The first two blocks are simplified by exploiting, respectively, Gray coding and the properties of matrix algebra, without introducing any approximation with respect to the formulas proposed in the literature. Instead, the last block has been simplified by proposing an appropriate method that approximates the calculation of the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) with respect to the standard computational method.
In particular, consider a scenario with T antennas at the transmitter end and R antennas at the receiver end. Then suppose that a stream of 1000-byte data packets is generated in a W-LAN. The stream is encoded with a 64-state �-rate convolutional encoder, subjected to interleaving and mapped on an N-QAM Gray constellation (with N=4, 16, 64, . . . ). The physical framing format of the packet is generated in accordance with the specifications of the W-LAN standard 802.11a but imposing that the number S of OFDM symbols for transmission on the air should be a multiple of the number T of antennas at the transmitter end and adopting for the data a number of subcarriers equal to 56.
The block diagram illustrated in
A MIMO frequency-selective channel is represented by the matrix H(f)εCR�T:
where f=1, 2, . . . , F is the frequency index, ht (f) are column vectors, the elements of which hr,t (f) represent the paths between the transmitter t and the receiver r, at the f-th tone. These elements are normalized as follows:
with t=1, 2 . . . , T, and r=1, 2, . . ., R. The channel coefficients hr,t are generated, according to the indoor MIMO channel model, for environments with high levels of scattering.
For reasons of simplicity, the index f is omitted in the remaining part of the description in so far as OFDM enables consideration of each tone independently of the others. Hence, all the equations appearing from this point on will be referred to a single OFDM data tone. In this way, the signal received can be written as follows:
y=Hx+n (3)
are the vectors of the symbols transmitted and received respectively, and
is a white-Gaussian-noise vector with components that are independent and identically distributed with a covariance matrix:
Rn=E[nnH]=σN 2I (6)
(nH denotes the Hermitian, or conjugate transpose, operator applied to the vector n). The transmitted N-QAM symbols are uncorrelated, with zero mean value and normalized variance σx 2=1 for each transmitting antenna, namely:
Rx=E[xxH]=σx 2I=I (7)
Therefore, starting from Eqs. (6) and (7), the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) transmitted is equal to
With reference to
The signals generated by the OFDM modulators 26, 30 are transmitted on a MIMO channel 32.
At the receiver end, two OFDM demodulators 34, 36 receive the signals from the channel 32.
The demodulators 34, 36 forward the signals received to a MMSE detector 38, with which a soft-interference estimator (SIE) 40 is associated.
The QAM demodulators 42, 44 send their signals to a space-frequency bit de-interleaver 18, which generates a plurality of signals OFDM1, OFDM2, . . . , OFDMS/T.
This plurality of signals is sent at input to a convolutional decoder 14, which generates a bit stream at output. This bit stream can be sent at input to a module 12, which executes the bit-to-bit comparison and generates the parameters of bit error rate (BER) and frame error rate (FER).
The decoder 14 returns the decoded bits and, through a feedback loop, supplies a space-frequency bit interleaver 20, which in turn supplies the data to the soft-interference estimator 40.
As appears from
If a perfect channel-state information (CSI) is assumed at the receiver end, the de-mapper, using the estimates {circumflex over (x)}t, calculates the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) λt(m) of the encoded bits, where m=1, 2, . . . , M, and M=log2(N) is the order of modulation. These soft values are passed on to the de-interleaver and then to a SOVA decoder (SOVA—Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm). The SOVA decoder generates not only decisions on the bits of the data, but moreover generates extrinsic information ξt(m) with m=1, 2, . . . , M corresponding to the encoded bits. This extrinsic information is used as a-priori knowledge at the detector end, after the bit-interleaving process, to carry out a soft-interference cancellation (SIC).
In this way, the MMSE detector 38 supplies more reliable estimates of the symbol xt transmitted, with t=1, 2, . . . , T, drawing advantage from the soft information fed back by the channel decoder to the input of the MMSE detector 38. Furthermore, the process of de-mapping also takes into account the a-priori probability ξt(m) for updating the LLR values λ(m) that will be used in the new decoding process.
For immediate reference, described hereinafter are the classic approach and the low-complexity approach of the system of soft-interference cancellation described herein
We shall define a function bitm[x(n)], m=1, 2, . . ., M, where M is the degree of modulation. This function returns at output a value {0,1} corresponding to the m-th bit of the symbol x(n), n=1, 2, . . ., N of an N-QAM constellation.
By exploiting the extrinsic information of the LLR, as supplied by the SOVA decoder
of the encoded bits, a soft-interference estimator (SIE) calculates soft estimates of the symbols transmitted by the t-th antenna, with t=1, 2, . . ., T
{tilde over (x)}t=E[xt]m=1, 2, . . ., M (10)
Assuming that the bits within a symbol are statistically independent of one another, the probability P[xt =x(n)] can be expressed as
At the start of the iterative process, ξt(m)=0 for every m and t; as a consequence, all the symbols are equally likely, and their probability Pt(n) is equal to 2−M.
Consequently, the soft-estimates
are equal to zero, and no cancellation is performed in the first iteration.
In the subsequent iterations, since the reliability of the bits supplied by the SOVA decoder increases, the soft-estimates become closer to their true values, and for the t-th antenna, the soft-estimates of the symbols coming from the other (T−1) interfering antennas are cancelled to obtain
where {tilde over (x)}, is the column vector with the soft-estimates, except for the t-th element, equal to zero.
In addition to calculating Zt, also the error covariance matrix is calculated as
{tilde over (e)} t =x t −{tilde over (x)}
It may be seen from Eqs. (12) and (16) that the probability Pt(n) is calculated N times for each transmitting antenna and is multiplied N times by the corresponding QAM symbol and also by its energy.
The solution described in what follows enables a lower complexity for the system of soft-interference cancellation to be obtained.
Basically, the goal is to reduce the operations performed in expressions (12) and (16). This can be done by regarding the Gray mapping as a combination of two {square root over (√N)}-PAMs along the real and imaginary axes.
The 16-QAM constellation of
Therefore, {tilde over (x)}t and σ{tilde over (e)}t 2 can be written as
It should be emphasized that this simplification functions not only for a Gray mapping, but also for other types of mappings that envisage a configuration that is different but can be separated into a real part and an imaginary part.
With reference to what has been seen previously, it is possible to define
where n=1, 2, . . . , M/2.
In the normalized-power 16-QAM constellation of
it follows that expression (17) becomes
Likewise, a similar equation is obtained considering Eq. (18), as given below:
In the same way, Eqs. (19) and (20) can be written as
Extending the same concept to a 64-QAM Gray mapping, it is possible to interpret this mapping as two 8-PAM modulations, as in
To sum up, the symbol estimated by applying Eq. (12) can be directly calculated, avoiding expansion of expression (11) for each symbol transmitted.
Table 1 summarizes the computational costs, per data bit, of the interference cancellation for a system with T=2 and R=3 in the classic case (A) and in the low-complexity case (B) described herein. It has been assumed that the multiplications that involve powers of two do not involve significant costs and hence have not been considered.
There will now be described, once again in a comparative way for immediate reference, how the classic approach and the low-complexity approach described herein result in the structure of the MMSE detector.
In the classic approach, a MMSE detector minimizes the mean-square error between the symbol transmitted xt and the output of the Wiener filter {circumflex over (x)}t.
This filter is represented by a vector wtεCR such that
{circumflex over (x)}t=wt Hzt (37)
where zt is the observation vector expressed in Eq. (13).
It can be shown that the MMSE filter is given by
w t=(σN 2 I+HR {tilde over (e)}t H H)−1 h t (38)
where σN 2 is the noise power and R{tilde over (e)}t is defined in Eq. (14).
The vector wt must be re-calculated for each transmitting antenna t and for each iteration, with consequent considerable computational costs.
The low-complexity approach described herein pursues, instead, the goal of reducing the computational cost of the formula that describes the Wiener filter.
This has been obtained by exploiting the Hermitian structure of R{tilde over (e)}t (it is a real diagonal matrix) and a Woodbury formula, as follows:
is the t-th unit vector of the T-dimensional space. The major advantages introduced by Eq. (39) are the following:
Finally, a further reduction of complexity of the detector block is obtained by defining
b=HH y (42)
so that expression (37) can be reformulated as
In this way, the term y−H{tilde over (x)}t is replaced by b−A{tilde over (x)}t, where AεCT�T (instead of HεCR�T) and bεCT�1 (instead of yεCR�1).
Neither of these terms depends upon the symbol estimates {tilde over (x)}t so that they can be calculated at the start of the iterative-detection process and stored in a memory, to be used during the subsequent iterations.
Table 2 summarizes the computational costs of MMSE detection, per data bit, averaged over the transmission of S OFDM blocks, for a system with T=2 and R=3 in the classic case (A) and in the low-complexity case (B).
There now follows a description, once again in a comparative way for direct reference, of the criteria of implementation of the classic approach and the low-complexity approach described herein for the de-mapping block.
The classic way of expressing the a-posteriori LLRs of the bits belonging to a symbol xt is
where i, m=1, 2, . . . , M, σ2 {circumflex over (x)}t is the variance of the estimate {circumflex over (x)}t, ξt (i) is the a-priori information defined in Eq. (9), and Bm(1), Bm(0) are the subsets of the QAM symbols, namely
B m(1)⊂[1, N]⊂
The metric representing the probability that a constellation symbol has been transmitted is
Said metric is obtained through the sum of two different contributions. The first contribution depends upon the symbol estimate {circumflex over (x)}t, approximated as a Gaussian variable, supplied by the detector. The second contribution depends upon the a-priori information of expression (9) that comes from the SOVA decoder.
Therefore, the linear local regression φt(m) in expression (44) is obtained from the joint evaluation of both of the terms present in Eq. (47).
In order to avoid computation of N sums of exponential terms and a logarithmic operation, for each LLR it is common practise to approximate expression (44) by introducing the well-known and consolidated Max-Log-Map operator, which is obtained as follows:
Finally, the extrinsic soft values at output from the detector are obtained by subtracting from expression (48) the a-priori information ξt (m) coming from the SOVA decoder
λt(m)=φt(m)−ξt(m) (49)
In the low-complexity approach, the aim is to reduce the number of computations in expression (48) by proposing a solution that considers only a subset of the N metrics that the max operator would have taken into account for each linear local regression. The main idea is that, instead of maximizing the entire expression (47), the solution chooses between the metrics that separately maximize either
The solution described herein defines two aims, namely, how to select the subsets and how to reduce the complexity of calculation of the metrics.
The first aim is achieved by introducing two criteria, referred to as distance criterion and a-priori-probability criterion. The second aim consists in the explicit computation of just one metric per subset, from which the other metrics can be obtained through a less costly differential method. Said method will be described in what follows.
The low-complexity approach for de-mapping the symbol can be formalized by means of the following relations:
where j and q are selected according to the distance criterion:
and l and g according to the a-priori-probability criterion:
For reasons of simplicity, a de-normalized 16-QAM constellation has been used in the examples, even though a considerable reduction of complexity can be appreciated in the case of the 64-QAM constellation.
In both
On the basis of the distance criterion, if x(h) is the point closest to {circumflex over (x)}t, it is also the point closest in the subset x(n), with nεBm(bitm[x(h)]) for those symbols that have the m-th bit equal to bitm[x(h)]. For this reason, φh[{circumflex over (x)}t, σ{circumflex over (x)}
of those symbols having the m-th bit different from bitm[x(h)].
Thanks to the Gray-mapping properties, these points belong to the same row (column) of x(h) if the m-th bit steers the real (imaginary) part of the points of the constellation, as illustrated in
The a-priori-probability criterion is very similar to the preceding one, as illustrated in
and maximum a-priori probability. Said symbols are the ones having the m-th bit complemented and the other bits unchanged.
Finally, described in what follows is the calculation of the metrics based upon the differential method.
If we look at Eq. (47) we shall note that it is made up of two terms: one corresponding to the distance between {circumflex over (x)}t and x(n) and the other expressing the a-priori probability of x(n). This method provides a simple way for computing these two terms separately so as to use them as specified in formula (50).
The first term is calculated as described in what follows. With reference to
The constellation is considered de-normalized in such a way that the distances between the symbols are equal to 2. Finally, we define
and assuming that the squared distance a2=|{circumflex over (x)}t−x(1)|2=Δ2 1I+Δ2 Q is known, it follows that b2=|{circumflex over (x)}t−x(2)|2 can be obtained by applying the Pythagorean theorem as
Hence, given the squared distance a2, it is possible to obtain the squared distance b2 of an adjacent point by adding the differential term 4�4ΔI.
Similar equations can be deduced also in the case of two vertically aligned symbols (
where pεZ.
In order to simplify the a-priori terms of the constellation of symbols x(n), as emerges from Eq. (47), it is possible to exploit once again the Gray-mapping properties.
The above term can be obtained by summing the a-priori value of the symbol adjacent to the symbol x(n) to the LLR (with appropriate sign) corresponding to the only bit position for which they differ (or via the sum of a number of LLRs if they are not adjacent).
In conclusion, all the metrics required by the distance criterion and by the a-priori-probability criterion can be calculated starting from a known metric.
The other metrics are obtained simply by adding two terms, which correct the two parts of expression (47). Table 3 compares the computational costs per data bit of the classic de-mapping method (A) and the low-cost de-mapping mapping method (B) in a system with T=2 and R=3.
Finally, presented hereinafter are some numeric results, obtained from simulations.
A comparison between the classic and low-complexity iterative decoding and detection schemes appears in Table 4 and in
Whereas the initial stage for the MMSE calculation has approximately the same computational cost for both the classic scheme and the low-complexity scheme, the subsequent ones can benefit from the reduction of complexity introduced by the block described previously. Two turbo iterations and one SOVA decoding have been considered with a sliding-window approach so as to avoid having to wait for the entire W-LAN-encoded packet to arrive before starting the channel-decoding operation. The size of the window was selected equal to the length of five constraint-length bits.
In the last iteration, the computational cost for the Viterbi method was considered instead of the computational cost of the SOVA method because, in the case of the Viterbi method, only a hard decision on the bits is made. From an examination of the data regarding sums (SUM) and comparisons (CMP), it may be noted that the number of these operations is not so notably reduced by the low-complexity approach as compared to the classic approach, as occurs, instead, in the case of multiplications (MUL) and divisions (DIV). This occurs because the sums (SUM) and comparisons (CMP) are involved a large number of times also in the SOVA decoding operation, which is common to both of the schemes under comparison.
Furthermore, more than three iterations do not seem to be convenient given that the incremental gain for the iterations subsequent to the second is not significant. However, one may use more than three iterations.
A processor or other circuit may execute software that causes the processor to implement one or more of the above-described embodiments, and such a processor may be included in an electronic system such as a computer with wireless capability or wireless router.
Consequently, without prejudice to the principle of the present disclosure, the details of implementation and the embodiments may vary, even significantly, with respect to what is described and illustrated herein purely by way of non-limiting example, without thereby departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
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|D. Zuyderhoff, X. Wautelet, A. Dejonghe, and L. Vandendorpe, "MMSE turbo receiver for space-frequency bit-interleaved coded OFDM", IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003.
|Ito T et al: "Performance comparison of MF and MMSE combined iterative soft interference canceller and V-Blast technique in MIMO/OFDM systems" Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Fall. 2003 IEEE 58th Orlando, FL, USA Oct. 6-9, 2003, Piscataway, NJ, USA, IEEE, US, Oct. 6, 2003, pp. 488-492, XP010701011.
|Partial European Search Report for EP 05 42 5526 dated Dec. 15, 2005.
|Citing Patent
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|Apr 30, 2013
|Stmicroelectronics S.R.L.
|Method and apparatus for multiple antenna communications, and related systems and computer program
|Jan 7, 2013
|Apr 21, 2015
|Stmicroelectronics, S.R.L.
|Apparatus and method for detecting communications from multiple sources
|Apr 29, 2013
|May 5, 2015
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|Method and apparatus for multiple antenna communications, and related systems and computer program
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|Low-complexity estimation of QAM symbols and constellations
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|Jan 5, 2016
|Stmicroelectronics S.R.L.
|Method and apparatus for multiple antenna communications, computer program product therefor
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|Stmicroelectronics S.R.L.
|Method and apparatus for multiple antenna communications, and related systems and computer program
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|U.S. Classification
|714/786, 714/746
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 11, 2006
Owner name: STMICROELECTRONICS S.R.L., ITALY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OSNATO, FABIO;GATTI, DEVIS;TOMASONI, ALESSANDRO;REEL/FRAME:018270/0025
Effective date: 20060706
|Apr 24, 2012
|Certificate of correction
|Apr 28, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Chapter 34: ConfrontationsMature
Lollie bit her lip as she watched the three girls standing around their bodies, looking down upon themselves. "I-I'll leave you to it," she squeaked, walking away slowly. She took a deep breath as she turned on her heel and walked away from the mob of people surrounding the scene.
* * * * *
Clive's face twitched into a smile as he watched Lily walk away from the other girls. He stepped out of his hiding place and into her view. Her eyes widened and she opened her mouth to scream and he jumped at her, slamming his palm over it. He kept it there until he saw the shock in her eyes fall away. She gulped and he removed his hand.
"Hello, Lil." his voice was rough and make Lollie shudder, which brought him immense pleasure. He raised an eyebrow at her. When she didn't reply he spoke again, "Ohh Lil, that's not how you greet friends now, is it?" he smirked.


text:
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text:
Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Thumpers' started by sleepywombat, May 1, 2006.
If I recall, Robs FCR of choice is off the YFZ 450 Quad "04-09"....not the YZF MX bike.
Speaking for myself and I'm sure for many, many others: we are very grateful for your efforts, also!
Being a new blood I have reading all the topics you have posted in the bike specific thread . I have learned a lot it's much prepared thanks
If I remember correctly from your other post and pictures of your bike, it looks like you have been busy this winter adding lots of goodies to your bike. Looks Great!
Check with Sudco or Carburetor Parts Warehouse
Hi Lex.
Thanks, all dressed up and nowhere to go.
If your carburetor has a choke, it's not likely to be an FCR.
I disagree with a lot you have to say, but I kept my mouth shut, but this tops it. Do you really dyno bikes? Have you ever tuned a bike with an FCR on it?
Just about every bike I have ever been around with an FCR had a choke on it. My stock WR had a choke on it, and my DR with an FCR has a choke on it.
Added: I am sure you are going to chime in about the technical difference between a choke and an enricher circuit, but for the average person they are they same in the way they work to warm a cold bike up.
I looked up the price of a choke for the FCR in my Outlaw 525 and it was $100!!! So if that's the case off of all the variations of the FCR, maybe I can find another bike or something where I can get the thing cheaper. Otherwise I'll just keep dealing with it as it is. It's a mild annoyance is all.
Using the stock vacuum petcock with the Acerbis isn't a 'bolt and go' option.
Stock Acerbis.
I suggest changing the order that I did this project. File the flat first, if you loose interest or decide this is too much trouble, you can still use the Acerbis petcock. Once the hole is ovaled, there's no goin' back.
If your tank has a raised boss on the surface like the Acerbis 5.3, you'll need to file it flat or the rectangular o-ring on the stock petcock won't seal. The o-ring isn't very 'fat' and won't seal over the four red circles shown below. You want to be real careful here, since the o-ring is so thin, if you nick the surface with a power tool, it won't seal.
I used a hand file, it took forever and I'm happy with the result. File til my fingers hurt, watch TV, file til my fingers hurt, watch TV.................................................. I used single file strokes, making sure the file was flat to the surface every stroke.
Petcock hole elongated for the double tube stocker. Once you commit to this point, the Acerbis petcock o-ring won't seal anymore.
Stock petcock on the left, Acerbis on the right.
Where it's going to leak.
Original debris inside new tank doesn't matter since the filing to fit added more (And why you want to rinse out your new tank before you use it). A benefit to the neutral color; it was easy to see inside the tank, all surfaces. I used hot faucet water to rinse the tank, shook it up good and drained it, three times. To get the remaining droplets out, I rubber banded a paper towel to a dowel. The neutral color made the drops sparkle, easy to blot up.
Another difference, the stock petcock is 1" taller than the Acerbis. This might be a problem since the uphill loop is now 1" higher.
The uphill loop and potential vacuum lock. When the fuel level gets low, there isn't enough head pressure to overcome the air bubble in the loop. This means the bike quits running even though you can still see gas in the tank. It's a common problem on both the IMS and Safari aftermarket tanks, some work, some don't. I haven't heard anything on the Acerbis yet.
And: the vacuum petcock is thicker where it screws to the tank. I don't like the idea that there aren't threaded metal inserts in the tank, the mounting screws thread into the plastic. My point is, now the provided 2 screws are too short for a good secure bite in the plastic. OCD, maybe. The provided screws are 3/4", I bought a pair 1" long (size 12x1 SAE stainless is just a bit larger O.D. [.17mm] than the 5mm that were supplied).
Reason, low profile front tire:
Is the carburetor you have an FCR or an FCRMX?
I got my FCR MX off a YFZ 450 quad(straight body/slide) and it has choke knob and it evens works!
I decided to use the Acerbis supplied petcock because of the large weight difference between stock and Acerbis. They might have planned it that way so the screws into plastic would not present a problem.
My FCR41 has a choke.
BTW, the guy who is selling his original carb in the Flea Market who stated that the " The pumper was not worth the trouble to set up" does not know what he is missing!
I was lucky & bought mine from a very knowledgeable gentleman who sent it to me set-up & ready to go. A true bolt-on.
On the road the CV does OK, but off-road there is no comparison!
You may be right.
Could you go back and edit out 11 of those photos? It's a bandwidth thing for some users.
Unless someone did a really strange retrofit, your FCR41 has a cold start enrichment circuit.
A choke is closed when an engine is cold and opened when it is warm, whereas a fuel enrichment circuit is opened when the engine is cold and closed when it is warm. A choke works by restricting the air flow, whereas an enrichment circuit works by adding extra fuel. A choke requires a fast idle cam or something akin to it (or you have to hold the throttle open manually), whereas an enrichment circuit adds a little extra air simultaneously with the extra fuel, so the fast idle is already built in.
How many times do you feel it necessary to point this out.
All adjustable wrenches aren't Cresent wrenches, but if someone says "Cresent wrench" everyone knows what they are talking about.
Same with Allen wrenches.
The little picture on the handlebars of the DR650 shows an image that is unmistakeable that a true choke resides in our carburetors.
Maybe that's where the confusion originates. I'm sure when someone pulls that carb apart, a lightbulb goes on and they will come to realize the reality.
Let's just all agree that when someone says the choke on their DR, they mean the system used for coldstarting the bike.
Regards, Rusty
Until we choke on it ?
"Crescent" and "Allen" are brand names, and do not imply that the items referred to operate in a manner opposite to how they do in reality. Therefore your analogy is invalid.
It must at least be a contributor.
It won't hurt to realize it sooner.
If meanings are continually perverted, then language eventually becomes such that no one can any longer be sure what others are really talking about at any given time. There are many examples of this in common usage, and I'm against every single one.


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text:
Investors are moving out of EUR
By Mark Jensen
The negative deposit rates adopted by the European Central Bank and low yields on the peripheral debt make the euro area less attractive for investors and, consequently, drag euro down. The single currency weakened versus the US dollar, British pound and Japanese yen.
USD and GBP gain against EUR as 10-year yields for the US and the UK debt have climbed in the recent sessions, while yields for the equivalent German bonds haven't gained as much. The difference in bond yields reflects divergence in the monetary policy of the Fed and the Bank of England on the one side and the ECB on the other side.
As for EUR/JPY, we have the Bank of Japan's meeting on June 12-13. According to the consensus forecast, the BOJ will keep interest rate unchanged. Analysts at Mizuho think that the BOJ Governor Kuroda won't dramatically change his bullish stance on the economy and that may stand out as a contrast to the ECB's outlook.
Chart. Daily EUR/JPY


text:
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Delayed Showing: Yes


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|"Gavin (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Updated: (FOR-785) plugins/*/skinconf.xml does not validate since using entity to ease management
|Thu, 22 Jun 2006 12:29:30 GMT
[ http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FOR-785?page=all ] Gavin updated FOR-785: ---------------------- Attachment: dtdchanges.diff dtdchanges.diff cures problems associated with plugins failing validation. I am working through the plugins and have almost finished the main plugins. The fact that validation for these plugins has been turned off means that a few errors have crept in to some of them. listLocations needed a file altering for it pass validation OpenOffice needed some alterations also. PhotoGallery and ProjectInfo both pass validation but fail the Ant Test due to some other errors, so I will leave them off of this round of patched and just submit the ones which pass - which is now all of them bar those two. I have yet to test the WhiteBoard Plugins so will leave them until later. Another patch will the passing plugin alterations I will post in the morning. > plugins/*/skinconf.xml does not validate since using entity to ease management > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Key: FOR-785 > URL: http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FOR-785 > Project: Forrest > Type: Bug > Components: Plugins (general issues) > Versions: 0.8-dev > Reporter: David Crossley > Fix For: 0.8-dev > Attachments: dtdchanges.diff > > Recently i split the skinconf.xml for each plugin to refer to common stuff via an external entity. Works nicely. > Okay, i admit it ... forgot to do 'build test' :-) and it doesn't validate. The DTD insists on having the elements in a specific order. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - If you think it was sent incorrectly contact one of the administrators: http://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/Administrators.jspa - For more information on JIRA, see: http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
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text:
Annual results 2016-17
The Financial Communication department is responsible for implementing the Group's information policy with regard to the financial community, investors and shareholders.
It is available to anyone wanting to find out more about the life of the company and, in particular, is responsible for sending letters to shareholders.
08 Jun'17
Annual results 2016-17
Amount per share
1,60 €
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This meeting decided to give all shareholders the option of receiving the dividend payment in cash or in the form of shares for the entire dividend distribution.
Price of new share
67,74 €
The issue price for new shares is set at € 67.74.
Shareholders who want to have their dividends paid in shares must instruct their financial intermediary accordingly between August 2, 2015 and September 14, 2016 inclusive.
Record date
01 Aug'16
Ex date
02 Aug'16
Payment as of
03 Oct'16
Closing price of share
at December 31, 2015
66,01 €
Average of last 30
66,03 €
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text:
You absolutely have to go to a gun show! Where and when? You may be able to print you off a dollar off coupon like I do for some of the local shows.
Three of them listed for that day, four for the weekend.
Ohio Gun Shows
This is a discussion on First gun show within the General Firearm Discussion forums, part of the Related Topics category; I will be attending my first gun show on Sunday . I have heard a lot from older members about how shows are not what ...
I will be attending my first gun show on Sunday. I have heard a lot from older members about how shows are not what they used to be but i figured i better go to one before they are gone. Ill be sure to report back any good deals I get if there are in fact deals to be had.
You absolutely have to go to a gun show! Where and when? You may be able to print you off a dollar off coupon like I do for some of the local shows.
Three of them listed for that day, four for the weekend.
Ohio Gun Shows
Medina County Fairgrounds, in the Community Center. Located at 735 Lafayette Road in Medina, Ohio. This Sat and Sun, Nov-15 and 16. 6 bucks to get in if any one in the area is interested.
I always enjoy looking at all the goodies. Know your prices if you plan to buy as many times things are no cheaper at the shows.
Can't wait for the next one at the Crown Collesium.
"Without fear there can be no Courage!"
If they are like the ones I have been to before I quit going to them, you will most likely find this.
The building will be filled with tables, supposedly with for sale items on them. Some will be filled with rifles that the owner wants to show you his collection because the price they have on the tags could buy a new B-52.
Then there will be some guy selling ammo. His boxes of ammo will be 50-100 percent higher than anything you can find on the web, because, well, he is the only one selling ammo at the show and thinks you will buy his.
There will be guys selling old military technical manuals. On good stuff, you know. Like how to maintain your calvary horse and such.
Another table will have 284 different types of dried meat. Sure it is good, but at $82.97 a pound, it is a little too high for anyone except for Arab oil ministers.
Some will be selling holsters. They have 1063 holsters on the table, but none fit your gun. You finally find one that fits, it is either the wrong side(left or right handed), or it costs $484.99 plus tax.
Some will be selling tupperware, some will be selling belt buckles, some will be selling bowling ball wax, one will be selling junk tools, etc etc etc.
Then, as you look across the area, you will find 1, or on a rare occassion, maybe 2, vendors that have drawn a crowd. These are the only ones that have anything worth buying. Prices are still ripoff, but they are lower than the old man next door that has the same one laying on his table next to ink pens he sells and he wants you to give up your next 2 male children for something he pulled out of the river.
And the band played on. and on. and on.
That is the reason I haven't been to a gun show im my area for over 3 years now. Not worth the $7 bucks to get in the door.
Good luck to you.
A person is justified in the use of deadly force, if such person reasonably believes deadly force is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm to such person or a third person.
Last week end I took my 12 year old granddaughter to a private canyon for her first shooting experience. She had never heard a gun fired in real life, much less shot a firearm. After going through the usual routine safety instruction, I arranged to get her started on shooting a abox of 9mm. Although I had brought shooting muffs, they had been overlooked during my course of instruction. When she fired the first round, she was so shocked that she was convinced that her ears were ruined. Probably it was good that she could hear the powerful explosive sound of ammunition at least once.
After putting on the muffs, she commenced shooting. Believing that recoil might affect her, I first held her arms in position until I was satisfied that it would not be a problem.
At first she was a terrible shot, but improved very significantly by the last round. I was impressed that she was able to load the pistol magazine without a loader, and that she was able to work the slide.
The day ended when the following dialogue took place:
Quesiton: "Granddad, will these bullets really kill people?"
Answer: "I told you when we started how dangerous guns are. The 9mm rounds that you were shooting are the same ones that the military generally uses in their pistols."
Question: "Granddad, will you buy me a gun?"
Answer: "Nope! That is a few years away. However, this will inspire you to visit me frequently so that you can go shooting with me."
My Question: "Did the recoil bother you?"
Her Answer: "What's that?"
My Question: "Did it kick when you were shooting?"
Her Answer: "No, why would it kick me?"
[I concluded that recoil was not a problem]
I think that the next trip will be the shotgun with clay targets.
Edit: My apology - This probably should have been posted to a new thread. However, it was in fact my granddaughter's "gun show."
Last edited by cwblanco; November 14th, 2008 at 03:43 PM.
"That is the reason I haven't been to a gun show in my area for over 3 years now. Not worth the $7 bucks to get in the door"
Plus one, I'm down on the shows too. Crowds, junk & no good deals. Even worse some of them want you to disarm.
While people are saying "Peace and safety," destruction will come on them suddenly, ... and they will not escape. 1Th 5:3
Wow. You guys must have some really cr...I mean, bad gun shows in your area.
The ones that I go to around here are always at least 90%+ firearms or firearm-related stuff. No beany babies, no jerky (or, maybe one in the whole place). Just guns, lots of guns, and ammo. Maybe 1 or 2 literature sellers. A few knife vendors. A couple of parts guys...but most tables have guns on 'em.
Now, the prices aren't all that great...but deals can be had, if one is willing to look and, most importantly, haggle. I always see the pricetag as their opening bid...
There are no dangerous weapons; there are only dangerous men.--RAH
...man fights with his mind; the weapons are incidental.--Jeff Cooper
There is a reason they try and make small bullets act like big bullets--Glockmann10mm
The last gun show I remember going to here in town was 90% airsoft, 5% tupperware, 4% overpriced antiques and 1% actually worthwhile to buy.
Too bad the 1% had already been bought!
I quit going to shows because I don't like being sneezed on, I don't want any spicy venison jerky, I don't want any made in Pakistan fantasy daggers, I don't want any turquoise jewelry, and I don't want any kook literature.
Seriously, have a good time and remember, it's all about the fun.
I used to enjoy looking, but even that thrill is gone. Too much crap, too few deals, and a hassle with my own gun.
I quit going...
But if you've never been to one...by all means go...DON'T buy a CCW badge.
Proverbs 27:12 says: The prudent see danger and take refuge, but the simple keep going and suffer for it.
Certified Glock Armorer
NRA Life Member
Went to the show today in Cincinnati. Line wrapped half way around the building. So I went down the street to Bass Pro to shop.
Stopped back at the show, smaller line so i went in. Lots of people buying ammo and rifles, saw at least 4 or 5 women walking out with a long gun.
Spent most my time chenking out knifes, since nobody else was.
Sig P250 9mm
Ed Brown 1911 Kobra 45ACP
Ruger Mark III 22
Browning Silver 12ga
Browning BAR 30-06
I usually go to the Medina and Berea shows every other month or so. For the most part, I usually see the same dealers with the same stuff. Every once in a while there's a deal to be had. In the past few shows, I've been looking for a Gold Cup Trophy in SS. I found one at Gander Mountain (new) for less than I've been seeing them used or LNIB. I usually support my local gun shop. They have the same, sometimes better, deals. Depending what you are looking for.
I'm a bargain shopper and would rather support my local store. The Gander Mountain find was a fluke.
Freemason 1988
Colt 1911
North American Arms


text:
Chapter Seven, Part Three: Eat Me, Drink MeMature
Jack wakes to the sound of bopping in the next seat. The Januvian wing-beast obviously found someone to shack up with. But he doesn't want to listen in; a first.
The sounds of the hover- train come to life just as he does.
Bing bing. Tuweet! Bing bing. Tuweet!
Somebody's phone going off. Or an artificial organ needing a recharge.
Bump-crash. Ploomp, slosh.
One of the on-site vendors, carrying drinking bags full of sweet yellow, orange or pink juice just like on the sardine-tin travel buses of Old Earth's South America.
Dingbat-ting! Smash bump.
The arrival bell- the train's almost at the stop.
Currrrrr-unch-ting ting. Swing-grunk-grunk.
The train's auto-brakes, swerving to avoid one of the giant flying squirrels out for a bit of sky time, logging hours.
Woosh, woosh.
A door to the next car opening and closing.
Wooooooosh. Shik-shik-shik.
The whirring rush of the train's hover-capable lift-tracks.
Someone opening a vintage can of orange soda in the next seat.
A crumpling fills his ears, and the scent of thick paper welcomes the day to his nostrils.
His hand opens, belatedly; it seems he's balled the flier in his sleep.
At least he'll be there soon. Any inquiries can wait until he knows…


text:
Alone Again... NaturallyMature
Dustin slowly regained consciousness, and opened his eyes. The light in his eyes made him hesitate, but he forced himself awake. A sterile, white, and cramped room surrounded him, medical equipment on either side, none of it hooked up. Dustin was lying on a rough bed of some kind, and the entire room shook every so often. He realized that he was in the back of a moving ambulance, and tried to shoot up.
His chest had been held down by a belt, so Dustin mearly hurt his neck rather that sitting up. He looked down in bewilderment, and saw that not only his arms and torso had been held fast, but his ankles as well. He dropped his head down and groaned in defeat.
"-'Bout time." A rough voice said. Dustin looked to the side, and saw an older police officer sitting next to him. The ambulance stopped at a red light. "Had a good nap?" He asked dryly, obviously annoyed.
"-No. Why the h-"
"-Ya have the right to remain silent, anything ya say can and will be used against ya in the court of law, ya have the right to speak with..." The cop droned out the rights in the wrong order. He probably knew the correct order, but didn't care.
"... Woah, woah, woah- You're arresting me?!"
"Yeah, fer interfering with a police investigation, ya twat." He gave Dustin a look and pulled out his badge.
"Son of a-..." Dustin looked away. He straightened out his thoughts, and took a deep breath. It may have seemed stupid to them, but there was a reason he had to look. Now there was proof backing his suspitions... But there wasn't anything he could do with that info right now. Dustin sighed. He'd just have to wait.
The cop leaned to the side and parted the curtain to the front seats. "... We can head downtown now. He's awake, but we need him back at the station." He told the paramedics. The ambulance made a turn, and Dustin sighed once more.
Crap, he thought.
Dustin sat alone in the questioning room, his hands behind his head, trying to relax. He was 17, so they had to charge him as a minor, which meant they couldn't cuff him. Dustin looked at the long mirror that streached across the room. The phone number he gave them for his parents was just ringing three times before going to a generic answering machine.
Or, rather, it should have been. Dustin had no way of knowing for sure. The room was deafeningly silent, and he couldn't see past the one-way glass. He put his tounge in his cheek. Fake number, an old trick he picked up when he first started messing with what a computer could do. He just hoped the number hadn't been reassigned.
He tried leaning the seat back on two legs. It was cemented to the floor. Jeez, he thought, a freakin' chair, even? They just bolted down anything a suspect could touch. Even the camera had a heavy-duty metal frame around it. Both of them. He looked behind himself. No, three... and a microphone. Just render the questioning down in three dimensions, why don't 'cha? Watching from the one-way glass wasn't enough, obviously. He got a little paranoid and slinked down in his chair.
That was cemented to the floor.
He was going to drive himself insane, he thought. Tracy had his freakin' laptop... Where ever she was. They confiscated his phone on the way in here. Not a Rubik's Cube in sight. No Missile Command poster, no They Might Be Giants albums, nothing. His room was a hundred miles away. Only a concrete wall surrounded him, like an even lonelier Fortress of Solitude. A Fortress of Nothingness was more appropriate.
Dustin twidled his thumbs. This was getting old quick. They even took his wristwatch away... No sense of time, only himself for company.
Eternity passed. Dustin was ready to collapse, rather than wait any longer... He went through the steps to his plan in his head, since he had nothing better to do than come up with creative ways to fake an injury to get out. If he could fit his head in between the camera casing and the wall, and twist hard and fast enough...
The door swung open. Dustin jumped a little in surprise, and sat up straight. Not that it mattered, they were watching the entire time.
Officer Jankins, from the video and the phone call, walked in and plopped himself down in the chair across from Dustin. He was stressed, as he always seemed to be, and he stared at Dustin as the door slowly closed.
"... Hello, Mr. Newman..." He said, almost angerly.
"-Heh... Heh... Riiiiiight... About that-"
"-'About that', my ass. Kid, you don't understand the gravity of the situation you're in, do you?" He leaned in a little.
"... Uh, no sir... I mean, yes sir... Or..."
Jankins sighed, leaning back and putting a cigarette in his mouth. He lit it with a pocket lighter, and proceded to suck on it a few times before blowing a long, grey cloud from his lips.
"... Stealing another man's identity is a serious matter, Decker. $75,000 fine, plus jail time. You steal his wallet?" He asked, still annoyed, but more level-headed.
"... No... I'm innocent..." Dustin said, not really believing it himself.
"Heh. Riiiiight..." He imitated Dustin in as close of a tone as he could. He didn't make it sound whiney.
"- N- No! I am! I'm trying to help you guys!"
"Quit talking out of your ass, kid. Just give us a real freakin' number to contact your parents, and we can be done here!"
"Wait! I can- I can help you guys! I know important stuff about Case 900!"
"... Like what? That YOU killed him? That would be all we want at this point."
"N- No! There's a connection between this case and few others! I-"
"Fuck it, I don't want to hear it. I'm tired of all you kids trying to wiggle out of responsibility..." He puffed another stream of smoke.
Dustin stood up. "-NO!! LISTEN!! GODDAMMIT!!- More people will die unless you listen to me! I found a connection between the cases when I was ha-" He stopped himself.
Jankins raised an eyebrow. "... Go on..."
"... Fixing the networking optimization on a few computers..." Dustin trailed off, and sat down.
The police officer took the cigarette out of his mouth and nodded towards the mirror.
He turned back to Dustin. "... We're going to have our IT guy do a run down of the systems, and he'll be back to ask you a bunch of crap..." He got up and walked to the door.
Dustin froze. His mind raced, panic bouncing around the inside of his skull. Crapcrapcrapcrapcrap.... I didn't fucking erase the file cookies! How the hell did I forget-?! Ten minutes, and I'm a fucking goner...


text: On file: March 10-16, 2012 March 17, 2012 Story Share MarriagesThe following people applied for marriage licenses in Kanawha County between March 10 and 16:Gregory Scott Smith, 42, and Anita Marie Grimm, 42, both of Charleston.Herbie Lee Pauley, 49, of Alkol, and Sherry Clark Richards, 48, of St. Albans.Robert William Adkins, 48, and Fonda Gail McBride, 51, both of Nitro.Kevin Thomas Western, 25, of Nitro, and Nikki Ann Carnes, 27, of Cross Lanes.Henry Harold Maynard, Jr, 26, and Samantha Joy Redden, 19, both of South Charleston.Srinivasa Reddy Vuyyuru, 26, of Charleston, and Hema Reddy Naredla, 25, of Atlanta.George Anthony Null, 41, and Susan Labana Hubbard, 43, both of Nitro.Bryan Keith McDowell, 48, and Patricia Ann Mullins, 45, both of Charleston.Dale Ray Allman, 43, and Kimberly Marie Draganowski, 29, both of Charleston.Joseph Vincent Linville, 21, of Peytona, and Jamie Elizabeth Dalton, 33, of Glasgow.James Devin Goertzen, 18, and Brooke Elizabeth Dulaney, 18, both of Charleston.Gary Ray Pauley, 20, and Jessica May Austin, 19, both of St. Albans.Nathan Daniel Jett, 29, and Melissa Sue Reed, 32, both of South Charleston. Jonathan Wayne Dillon, 30, and Kimberly Diane Smoot, 24, both of St. Albans.Cody Ryan Terral, 21, and Ashley Nichole Egnor, 21, both of Charleston.Richard Grady Ford, 27, and Jocelyn Emily Morehead, 27, both of Charleston.Jerome Timothy Alexander, 41, and Mina Azenkod, 32, both of Charleston.Harrison Leviticus Golightly, 26, of Dunbar, and Kelly Mae German, 30, of Cross Lanes.Brandon Tyler Weese, 25, and Destiny Fair Jones, 20, both of Elkview. Donald Bradmon Debruyn, 23, and Tabitha Nicole Knicely, 22, both of Elkview.Derek Richner Hansen, 32, and Tara Marie Melgary, 26, both of Charleston.Bradley Colin Tackett, 24, and Andrea Nicole Ashworth, 25, both of Charleston.Joseph Karol Good, 58, of Sissonville, and Lisa Jane Sprigg, 47, of Pratt.Aaron Christopher Ray, 28, and Jessica Anna Seabolt 28, both of Charleston. The following people applied for marriage licenses in Putnam County between March 2 and 16:Jameson Graham Shafer, 20, of Elkview, and Chelsea Nicole Tuemler, 19, of Scott Depot.Robert Allen Herdman Jr., 21, and Mariah Danielle Jarvis, 19, both of Red House.Jarrod David Anderson, 24, and Angel Dawn Bannister, 38, both of Fraziers Bottom.Stephen Mark Hayes, 28, and Melissa Ann Agosti, 29, both of Nitro.James Matthew Clark, 39, of Dunbar, and Kimberly Dawn Nelon, 38, of Winfield.William Franklin Brown III, 20, and Tiffany Sue Burdette, 21, both of Hurricane.Terry Austin Harper, 23, and Natasha Renee Gibson, 21, both of Poca.Bradlee Alan Wolfe, 24, of Charleston, and Meredith Nichole Quinn, 24, of Hurricane.Kevin Ray Hager, 21, and Stevie Niccole Strong, 23, both of Winfield.DivorcesThe following people filed for divorce in Kanawha County between Mar. 10 and 16:Robert S. Loughry from Rebecca L. Loughry.Crystal Irene Salmons from Blain Salmons Jr.Keith Allen Daniels from Rachel M. Daniels.Lisa Snodgrass from Eric Snodgrass.Lisa Wiseman from Orville Wiseman.Jackie Eugene Turley from Tara J. Turley.Randy Noble from Sarah Noble.Heather Darr-Hale from Dennis L. Hale.John Allen Joyce from Zoey Leigh Joyce.Gary L. Cummings from Michele Cummings.Coy E. Richardson from Sonya R. Richardson.Amanda Jo Stoffel from Stephen E. Stoffel.Amy Falls from Donald Falls.Natasha Light from Jeremy Light.Rebecca L. Beane from Steven R. Beane. Elleanor Grace Battles from Christopher Louis Battles.Vicki Lynn Rains from Chad Alan Rains.Samuel D. Mobley Jr. from Jennifer M. Mobley. The following people filed for divorce in Putnam County between March 2 and 16:Janella D. Martin from Ronald L. Martin.Stacy A. Kelley from Tammy E. Kelley.Susana E. Wright from John D. Wright Jr.Kelly A. Chura Singh from Atul Singh.Herman C. Roach from Paulet Roach.David Adam Moye from Keyara Na' Shae Moye.Wendy R. Davis from Gary L. Davis.Stephen Coiner from Kimberly L. Burke Coiner.Jennifer Kersey from John Michael Kersey.Ross C. Thornton from Kellie C. Thornton.Andrea Marie Davis from Steven Jay Baker.Ricky Winters from Michelle Winters.Brenda McCallister from Brandon McCallister.Irina Kukharskaya from Randy Spencer.Kelli A. Stone from Jeremy B. Stone.Brian O. Sullivan from Megan P. Sullivan.Gail E. Eggleton from Stanley Dale Eggleton.Robert H. Grueser from Shawn M. Grueser.Katrina Jean Taylor from Harold Eugene Taylor.Rebecca A. Lane from Richard D. Lane Jr.Property transfersThe following property transfers over $50,000 were recorded in Kanawha County between Mar. 10 and 16:Harriet L. Nelson to Christopher L. Callas. Lot, Charleston South Annex District, $290,000. Nicholas B. Burdette to Lionel D. and Barbara L. McBrayer. Parcel, St. Albans District, $106,000.Debbie L. Kibler to Morgan L. Cox. Lot, Nitro District, $89,000.Salvation Army to Kenneth Raymond Steen and Jacqueline Ann Browning. Lot, Spring Hill District, $140,000.Joseph C. and Mary M. Pettey to Ronald A. and Michelle W. Pettey. Lot, Fort Hill District, $180,000.Steven O. and Sheila W. Dale to John A. Jr. and Christina M. Bethea. Lot, Charleston South Annex District, $245,000.Thomas C. and Dreamma H. Guinn to Kathy J. Hypes. Lot, Elk District, $175,000.Connie Kesner to The Bank of New York Mellon. Lot, Charleston District, $227,191.Donna Lou Campbell to Karla S. Huff. Lot, Union District, $112,000.Brenda Painter Harrison et al to Kimberly S. Williams. Lot, Union District, $145,000.Seneca Trustees Inc. to JPMorgan Chase Bank. Lot, Washington District, $90,950.Ella Rose Wood to Karen R. Stathers. Lot, Malden District, $100,000.Donald H. and Ann Ashmus to Mark C. and Kari A. Blankenship. Lot, Charleston District, $306,150.James W. Lane Jr. to City National Bank of West Virginia. Lot, St. Albans District, $50,000.Thomas A. Wilson to Wesbanco Bank, INC. Lots, Jefferson District, $330,000.United Bank INC. to Prometheus Investment Group, LLC. Lot, Charleston District, $220,000.Peggy A. and Bill D. Williams to Seth Adam and Samantha Ashley Thornton. Lot, St. Albans District, $55,000.A. Roger and Melissa B. Beckford to Hunt Avenue LLC. Lot, Charleston West District, $106,500.Dempsey D. Richardson et al to Guy L. Nisbett III et al. Lots, Dunbar District, $93,500.Marian B. Chenoweth to Christina L. Watkins. Lot, Loudon District, $120,000.James W. Lane Jr. to Reed on Couch LLC. Lots, Charleston District, $160,000.Stricklen Realty INC to Kenneth S. and Bernice Boggess. Unit, Elk District, $199,900.Stricklen Realty INC to Tchuoc Poin Ly and Jenny Lee. Unit, Elk District, $199,900.Robert C. Jr. and Rebecca J. Nelson to Ernest Troy and Renee Lea Holbrook. Lots, Malden District, $72,000.Andrew J. and Rachelle L. Beckner to Kevin and Tiffany D. Johnson. Lot, Charleston West District, $99,900.Julie Haddy to Julia A. Mitchell. Lots, Charleston District, $215,000.Agnes P. Mathie to James E. II and Jeane S. Hunt. Lot, Charleston District, $154,000.Betty L. Parsons to Sarah A. Snodgrass. Tract, Elk District, $82,500. The following property transfers of $50,000 or more were recorded in Putnam County between March 2 and 16:Jamie Lee and Martha Kristi Blankenship to Nichole L. Mowery. Lot, Curry District, $157,000.Michael P. and Rene W. Zervos to Jennifer N. Todd and William R. Jordan Jr. Lot, Hurricane District, $318,500.Melissa D. Meeks to Juno Real Estate LLC. Lot, Scott District, $169,000.Glenn Yeager II to Whirlwind Properties LLC. Acres, Teays Valley District, $380,000.Nathan and Rebecca Kimmerle to John E. and Shelly M. Reese. Lot, Union District, $300,000.Nathan W. Pauley and Nicolette L. Newton to Andrew R. Rader. Lot, Scott District, $150,000.David C. and Katherine L. Sull to David I. Flanery. Lot, Scott District, $166,000.Robert S. Jr. and Amanda D. Blackshire to James R. Errett. Lot, Buffalo District, $97,000.Christopher T. Wentz to Katherine N. Myers. Lot, Scott District, $132,000.James D. and Karen Sue Pauley to Gregory A. Nye and Kimberly S. Walker. Lot, Scott District, $60,000.US Bank to Edward Absten. Lot, Eleanor District, $85,000.R&D Development LLC to Krenzel Lett Properties LLC. Acres, Winfield District, $515,000.Roger L. and Ruby M. Gibson to Eric and Amelia Courts. Lots, Scott District, $110,000.Michael A. and Stacie M. Hineman to John A. Wiseman. Lot, Hurricane District, $271,500.Stephen B. and Mary Johnson to Richard E. and Dawn R. Reese. Acres, Teays Valley District, $219,900.Seneca Trustees Inc. to Wells Fargo Bank. Lot, Scott District, $148,676.Elaine A. Davis to Nicholas B. and Becca R. Burdette. Lot, Scott District, $194,000.Glenn E. Rudolph to Tony L. Witt. Lot, Buffalo District, $130,000.Michele D. Ball to Jonathan and Holly Wolfe. Acres, Curry District, $256,500.John Audis Bethea to Eddie Mark and Dawnita L. Cummings King. Lot, Hurricane District, $160,000.Scott J. and Kristin M. Russo to Cartus Corporation. Lot, Scott District, $176,250.Ronald D. Honaker to Aaron W. Browning. Lot, Winfield District, $116,000.Andrew and Kristy Vargo to Jamie L. and Martha K. Blankenship. Lot, Hurricane District, $217,000.Reuben Robertson to Mary B. Carpenter. Lot, Teays Valley District, $82,500.Teays Construction LLC to Timothy H. Graley and Sharon A. Mynes. Lot, Hurricane District, $124,900.Christopher James and Suzanne Jenkins to Matthew G. Dunn. Lot, Teays Valley District, $189,900.BankruptciesThe bankruptcies listed below are limited to those filed by residents or companies in the Gazette's circulation area. Chapter 7 designates the liquidation of non-exempt property; Chapter 11 calls for business reorganization; Chapter 13 establishes a schedule of payments to creditors. The following bankruptcies were filed between March 9 and 16:Harold Edward Christian, Pecksmill, Chapter 7. Assets: $124,500, Liabilities: $149,844.Robert David and Andria Euline Cheever, Webster Springs, Chapter 7. Assets: $0, Liabilities: $102,004.Jeffrey Boyd and Cynthia Grace Prather, Belle, Chapter 7. Assets: $154,167, Liabilities: $87,662.Aaron Ty and Brittani Jo Arbogast, Branchland, Chapter 7. Assets: $23,317, Liabilities: $44,859.Power Apparatus Company, St. Albans, Chapter 7. Assets: $216,150, Liabilities: $590,915.Marjorie Sue Munroe, Marmet, Chapter 7. Assets: $78,915, Liabilities: $101,636.Gregory Scott and Kerri Suzanne Sowards, Salt Rock, Chapter 7. Assets: $188,119, Liabilities: $193,055.John Hansford and Delores Jean Hill, Holden, Chapter 7. Assets: Unavailable. Liabilities: Unavailable.Peggy McCree Burnette, Fayette, Chapter 7. Assets: $43,048., Liabilities: $108,074.David Ira and Debra Mae Knotts, Ravenswood, Chapter 7. Assets: $78,511.00, Liabilities: $99,218.John Robert and Robin Michelle Kirk, Charleston, Chapter 7. Assets: $47,898, Liabilities: $26,232.Aaron Russell and Alisha Dawn Starcher, Wallback, Chapter 7. Assets: $49,195, Liabilities: $103,333.Terry Holstein and Nadine Hope Holstein, Ashford, Chapter 7. Assets: $64,683, Liabilities: $102,070.Brian Kenneth Thaxton, Charleston, Chapter 7. Assets: $130,035, Liabilities: $137,667.Dan Eric Williams, Charleston, Chapter 7. Assets: $2,491, Liabilities: $20,300.Mark Edward and Sandra Kay Spence, Coal City, Chapter 7. Assets: $161,381, Liabilities: $159,685. Jimmy Dean and Stephanie Lynn Murdock, Quinwood, Chapter 7. Assets: $27,152, Liabilities: $15,110.Trudy Diann Halstead, Alderson, Chapter 7. Assets: $37,300, Liabilities: $123,689.Billy Richard Crookshanks, Lewisburg, Chapter 7. Assets: $7,784, Liabilities: $19,449.Donald Lee and Loretta Jane Meadows, Beaver, Chapter 7. Assets: $97,274., Liabilities: $117,354.Nancy Kay Crews, Shady Spring, Chapter 7. Assets: $ 83,060, Liabilities: $ 111,575.Tri County Rentals, Turtle Creek, Chapter 11. Assets: Unknown, Liabilities: Unknown.Daniel Robert Clark, Beckley, Chapter 13. Assets: $34,605, Liabilities: $125,600.Brandy Lynn Bennett, Nitro, Chapter 13. Assets: $30,615, Liabilities: $77,404. Story Share Story Share Trending Now 1 Lynne White: Mercer Bible class doesn't pass Constitutionality test 2 Late outburst carries St. Albans into state baseball tournament 3 Activist Swearengin to challenge Manchin in primary 4 On file: May 28, 2017 5 Artist, daughter reusing materials to construct Tyler Mountain home Arts, culture, education funds granted Previous Story End of the road: Group aims to finish Corridor H by 2020 Next Story


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Desmond McCaffrey, named partner at Russells Gibson McCaffrey, claims Glasgow District Court cannot be impartial or independent because it is run by the City Council's protection services department.
Such a relationship, he says, throws up a conflict of interest and, at the trial of a man accused of breach of the peace and assault yesterday, he asked for a motion on devolution.
Such a motion was passed in a separate case last year and led to Scotland's temporary sheriffs and judges being declared illegal.
McCaffrey said that a court run by a department that also controls environment, health and trading standards, cannot be seen to be independent.
Stipendiaries are paid by local authorities and any fines they impose go to the council.
Glasgow is the only city which employs stipendiaries – most employ justices – therefore, said McCaffrey, the court is seen as more of a governmental department rather than an independent court of justice