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Photo by John Todd/ISIphotos.com
By FRANCO PANIZO
Three months might be all that separate the U.S. Men's National Team from the World Cup, but there are still plenty of lingering questions that head coach Jurgen Klinsmann will try and get answers to in the final friendly before this summer's pre-World Cup camp.
From seeing where several of his regulars currently stand in terms of form and fitness to which role players will make a deep push for the World Cup roster, Klinsmann has several things to look out for when a U.S. team comprised of mostly European-based players takes on Ukraine in a match that will be played in Cyprus on Wednesday.
The form of U.S. captain Clint Dempsey is chief among them. Dempsey has been on loan with Fulham since the start of the new year, and has not had the best of times there. Dempsey did not make the type of impact at the club that was expected of him or that was the norm back when he was playing for the Cottagers two seasons ago, and it led to him being benched towards the tail-end of the loan stint.
Regardless of Dempsey's struggles at Fulham, his performance against a tough and somewhat underrated Ukraine team will go a much longer way in giving Klinsmann a clearer idea of where the veteran is at ahead of this summer's tournament in Brazil.
Another pair of key players that will attempt to deliver a strong performance in a match that was originally scheduled to be played in Kharkiv but moved because of the violence in Ukraine are Jozy Altidore and Jermaine Jones. The two U.S. mainstays will not only try and lead the U.S. squad to its latest victory on European soil, but also make cases for why Klinsmann should not start considering other options at their starting spots.
For Altidore, the last few months have been plagued with subpar performances for relegation-threatened Sunderland. Altidore is also on a scoring drought that has drawn heavy scrutiny from media and fans on both sides of the pond, and he will try to snap that scoreless streak while reminding fans of the type of striker he showed he can be last summer when he was scoring in bunches for the U.S.
Jones needs to make a statement of his own. The veteran center midfielder has not convinced in recent outings for the Americans and only recently played in his first match for Besiktas (he suffered an injury that delayed his debut shortly after signing with the Turkish club).
Jones' fitness is likely not in tip-top condition, but how he fares against a talented Ukrainian midfield that includes Anatoliy Tymoshchuk and Oleh Husyev in the early parts of Wednesday's match will serve as a real measuring stick to where the German-American is right now.
The friendly against the Ukrainians, which is the European-based Americans' last until Klinsmann selects his preliminary World Cup roster in May, is not just about the veterans. Fringe players like in-form Danny Williams and Juan Agudelo should also have a chance to make a case for themselves, something which Klinsmann has stated he wants to see from the current group of players.
The ones that seem to have the biggest chance at doing that are the centerbacks. With starters Omar Gonzalez and Matt Besler with their clubs ahead of the beginning of the MLS season, the door is wide open for the rest of the centerback pool to try and impress Klinsmann. Veteran Oguchi Onyewu and youngster John Brooks are among them, and there is a chance they start alongside each other in their first games back into the national team fold.
With so much at stake vs. Ukraine for the U.S. players, this is not your average friendly. The Americans will look to show well not only as a team that high presses, maintains possession and creates scoring chances, but also as individuals who are determined to make the World Cup roster.
While unrelated to the actual game, does anyone (Ives or otherwise) have a line on how Julian's camp went and where his head is at. And for the record, 3-1 US. Brace for Jozy and a rebound goal for Sacha.
Second! I won the silver!
John Doe
First of all, who cares? Is being first to post a thing or something? Second of all, you weren't first. Chin up though, I'm sure one day you will fulfill your goal of being first to post in the comment section of an internet blog. Cheers.
Every time I see something like this, I picture a child sitting in a grown-up chair, barely able to reach the keyboard.
John Doe
Lost in Space
Those with the most to gain from this game:
Danny Williams & Kljestan are fighting to beat out Beckerman…can they do it?
Agudelo & Boyd trying to be that last striker selection (Against each other & EJ)
Gooch…is he able to play at this level? If so he could knock Brook or Goodson out of the squad.
Those with the most to loose from this game:
Jones, if he plays poorly does JK start to think about a different partner for Bradley?
Dempsey, can he be the player we need him to be, or is his current form pushing him towards the bench.
Shea, last gasp chance to make an impression and be the 23rd player for the squad.
Hopefully this match answers these questions for the coaching staff, and implants the seed for Green to file his switch to represent the US.
Apparently, your name should be Loost in Space.
Otherwise, pretty good summary of the article.
Good points, from the perspective of this particular game I'd add it will be curious to see where he plays Cam.
From the perspective of the final roster, I am going to continue to stick with my two predictions:
1- Expect the unexpected from JK, there will be one shocker/surprise move
2- I think he only carries 3 forwards,( unless you count Deuce as the 4th) Jozy, AJ, and probably EJ….and brings an extra midfielder
I really don't think there will be 4 forwards either. Dempsey and Donovan are basically forwards… 6 guys who can play forward might be a bit much.
Well i think when it comes to it you can play both AJ and Juan can both be played wide if they did a 4-3-3 or even both in clints spot. As far as just pure strikers go we really just have Jozy, Boyd, Wondo, and Herc.
I agree. I'm looking right at you Sacha K and Danny Dub to see what you guys can show tomorrow. Prove to me that you are better than Beckerman. Please prove it to everyone! Or else I will be slightly depressed.
I feel confident about Beckerman's chances to make the WC team but should JK and his coaches find that Danny Williams or Sasha are better defensive mid backups to Jones then so be it. I trust JK's eye for talent even if he zags when we all think he's going to zig.
My money is the only one here that can give Beckerman a run for that backup role is D Williams. Sacha is too attacking minded and in the end it will be Beckerman as Jones backup.
Ya, Danny has to have a show stopper to get in. I mean its possible. I watched Reading once? So I really can't tell you if He can or not.
Agreed Neruda, and that goes along with my point that I think an extra midfielder makes the final 23. I also think that's why we saw Mix & Sasha flip flop roles, Zusi & Bedoya switch sides, etc… I think JK is looking for both flexibility and specifically for our best match ups vs Ghana and Portugal, and none of those guys have consistently stepped up and grabbed a spot away from the other. I think Beckermans a lock regardless, and a year ago I swore he was never going to make it
Really, there will be a camp in May likely with around 30 players. Beckermann will be in that camp. Sasha and Williams are basically interviewing for a chance to be among that 30. (As are Agudelo, Gooch, JAB, Castillo, Packwood, Spector and Shea.)
The final 2 for Brazil and the ticket for Beckermann, Sasha, Williams, Wondo, and several others will be decided upon during the May camp, not before.
D-mid backup has a very good chance of playing. Against Germany. So, whoever, it's important.
Jones has played poorly so many times and it makes no difference to Klinsmann, why would it now? At least this match he'd have the excuse he is just returning from injury.
Good reach.
Jones is under no pressure. Klinsmann has stated, in word and deed, that he's married to the guy. For whatever reason. For better or worse. Dude's a lock. I wish I was wrong, because I've always felt that Kljestan is the better player, especially in the attack, and would make a more fluid partner for Bradley. But he doesn't speak German, so very likely it's back to Brussels for Sasha while Jermaine accepts his starting spot.
In fact, Dempsey has more to worry about than Jones. Dempsey hasn't shown his world class form for over a year now. Duece has got to step up. He sucked in Seattle and he sucked at Fulham. Hardly even remember the guy that was an elite premier league scorer. Love him, but again, if you don't speak German, you have to prove yourself every day to Klinsmann.
Same goes for Altidore. While everyone on the planet (other than Jozy and Jozy's agent) knew, beyond the shadow of a doubt, that moving from high scoring AZ Alkmaar to offensively inept Sunderland was a terrible idea, Jozy still can argue that it's Sunderland's system, and not his ability, that is keeping him off the scorer's sheet. But if he doesn't produce in these last few friendlies, Klinsmann will have no choice but to think about moving someone more in-form into the strike force.
Now let's just hope Klinsmann doesn't still decide to add Timmy Chandler at the last minute!
Donovan is fluent in German and had to prove himself with a B team in a C tournament. Jones starts over Kljestan because Kljestan….wait for it….isn't as good.
Enough with the German crap.
Yup, Sadly Klejstan just isn't quite there. Jones seems to be fading.(That knee injury?) But Sacha has never done it. We pretty much gotta hope Jones gets hot again just at the right time.
No question Jones is a better pit bull and probably quicker than Klejstan. However, I think Jones' decision making has hurt the US from time to time and he has a penchant for trying to make passes he does not have quite the talent to pull off, which result in needless turnovers. Sasha, certainly has weaknesses, but I think he has shown that in the middle he can be strong and make better passes than Jones. I suspect the decision will not be based on which is "better", whatever that means, but upon what JK thinks the player will bring to the team that it needs most.
Birgit Calhoun
Right now this team is also a B team. This European contingent is not at all an A team. The A team is likely at least half US-based. But we'll see tomorrow. The way things look to me, I see either a 0-0 tie or a loss. I don't see a single reliable playmaker in this squad, and I can see the Ukrainians in a fighting mood.
Landon Klinsman
Sasha never impresses me. I don't see his club matches and I understand he does o.k. for his level, but he doesn't put his stamp on the game for the Nats.
Plus, Kljestan isnt consistently starting for his club anymore. He has started, but not a consistent lock anymore. Jones, on the hand, is better and always starts, unless of injury or yellow card accumulation.
People need to stop with this German garbage. The Klinsmann has won a world cup and played at a higher level than anyone of our players have. He has a better judge of talent than any of us. And if your argument was true, then Williams, Morales, Boyd, Brooks, and Chandler would be starting. But, that is not the case. He has left all these players off when they weren't starting or playing well.
not saying anything about Klinnsman's ability to coach or judge talent here, however just because a player won a World Cup does not necessarily make him/her a good coach nor a good talent evaluator
Nate Dollars
+1, i can't stand this line of reasoning. i'm assuming these same people would also love having maradona as our manager.
Josh D
Jozy can argue all he wants about the lack of service. But the simple fact is that when he does get it, he misses the goal. Any striker playing for a relegation-threatened team learns to fight tooth and nail for goals. And I'd point to Borini as a striker who is making a difference on that team. I'm sorry, but I'm getting bored of the Jozy excuses. Face it: He's bombing out for a second time.
And going to Sunderland wasn't as bad of a move at it seems in hindsight. They brought in an attack-minded manager who was very good in the Championship; they spent a ton of money; and on paper, they have a team that can stay up. They just can't pull it together.
People expecting him to land at a giant team forget how many strikers have come from Dutch league at Jozy's age (and older) and failed. As Jozy is now realizing it: EPL defenders actually defend and body up.
If Jozy had 1/2 the heart that Twellman had he would have no problems. Twellman would put his head in a meat grinder trying to score. In the end, it was the cause of his career ending injury but he had 100 times the heard and drive that Jozy has
Naw, Sunderlands best midfielder is on loan there from Swansea. A team like 10 points ahead of Sunderland is giving them hand me down players. That team is a hot mess.
I'll agree that Jozy isn't helping. I feel like he is playing at the level of the rest of the team rather than above it.
Bobby B
Jozy suffers from a lack of service (i.e. chances). He also suffers from a lack of marksmanship.
In the Dutch league, that is ok. Unfortunately, in the EPL its impact on his scoring rate is detrimental.
When he started to get better service (i.e. more chance) with the USMNT, he started to put a few away. Not an exact comparison, but the concacaf and friendly level of competition is more akin to that of the Dutch league than the EPL.
Who cares? The same could be said for Michael Bradley who "bombed out" of midtable Aston Villa and Gladbach and now, Roma. No one was deriding the Dutch league when Bradley was scoring freely there.
True, Borini leads the forward line with 5 goals. Thats right, 5 in all comps. And if by making a difference, you mean reducing the goal differential in a losing cause, then sure, you have a point. That team, quite simply, cannot possess the ball, and does not create many goal scoring opportunities. The reality is that relegation threatened strikers dont end up on the top scorers table, because their teams suck. Name the last striker from a relegated team to finish top ten in scoring?
Bottom line is that Klinsmann would be idiotic to sit Dempsey, Bradley, or Altidore based on a recent run of bad form for their clubs. These guys are known quantities for the National Team and have produced on the biggest stage. Quite simply, they, along with Donovan, put the US in the best position to win. imagine sitting altidore and/or dempsey in favor of, who? Agudelo and Johansson? Two guys with 3 national team goals between them, and zero experience in international matches of any consequence?
Dont get me wrong, I love AJ's creativity and fearlessness. It reminds me of Beasley and Donovan in 2002. but I like it alongside the experience of Dempsey and Altidore, not instead of.
Nate Dollars
borini does not play the same position as jozy. he plays on the outside (like adam johnson). sunderland tries to move the ball patiently up the field until they're crowding the box, where their mids/fullbacks can take potshots from 30 yards away, or the wingers can cut in and take shots.
that's why no one in their striker role has many goals.
and it's doubly annoying to watch because 1) sunderland's not good enough to play a possession game in the epl and 2) the usmnt went through the *same exact thing* a couple years ago (2012?) before klinsmann realized we (and especially jozy) play better with lots of quick attacks, rather than in a slow buildup.
excellent post. I tire of explaining these things to folks here tho
Nate Dollars
yeah, i just figure the only reason they don't see it is because they haven't watched enough sunderland games this year, but really–who could blame them? honestly, they've probably made the better choice in the long run. 🙂
gentlemen, I concede the point. I was trying to be funny. Obviously not. It has nothing to do with being German. Still, it does seem that Jones has gotten a pass many players – stronger ones like Donovan and Altidore, as well as weaker ones (ok, if you insist, Kljestan) – haven't.
I still would argue that Jones is Klinsmann's darling, and that few players on the roster sit prettier than Jones, and that Altidore and Dempsey still have more on the line than Jones tomorrow or in the remaining three months.
And I still reserve the right to be indignant is Timmy Chandler's name is ever whispered again in the halls of Soccer House!
I have to agree Jones has the least to lose, but I think for good reason. I think he brings something no other u.s. player brings — nastiness, grit, serious fight and backs down to no one. Yes, he has had a few bad games, but everyone on this roster has had them. But, on every other ocassion I would always take Jones over everyone except Bradley. But, even in that respect, they are different players as well. Jones is a true hard nose DM, which sadly is a dying breed.
On a side note soccerhorn, I respect your opinion and would like to be your friend….friends? 🙂
At the very least we need Jones for Ghana. Were gunna need him to smash em up a bit. African teams are really physical.
I watched the last African cup of Nations. Half the games were a contest of on the ball running strength. Ugly but effective.
Agreed 10000%
Louis Z
Why Jozy and anyone else thinks is Sunderland's system that is at fault. If it was true, he should have continue to score for the national team which he is not.
Agreed that Jones will be on the field, and I think that he should be. We have to look at his indirect benefit when compared with another player like Kljesten – Jones and Bradley pair similar to Diego Chara and Will Johnson in Portland. By having more of a pure destroyer in Jones/Chara it allows Bradley/Johnson to be a true box-to-box. Sometimes Bradley is back as a defensive mid, but he also has the freedom to move where needed and pick times to overload the attack (which Bradley does brilliantly…it's when he's at his best). Bradley has that level of confidence and freedom because he's not the lead d-mid/destroyer, Jones is.
For the world cup would a 5-3-2 be feasible?
Chandler- Cameron -Omar- Besler-johnson
Bradley- Donovan-Dempsey
AJ Jozy
Our best players will be on the field. We have the speed and crossing from the wings. Strong center backs and a trio of mids that are good on the ball and can interchange subs work well with Jones for Bradley. Mix for landon, Zusi for Dempsey. Beasley for Johnson Evens for Chandler goodson for a center back… what are the draw backs?
Benjamin C.
If you started that group of players, Cameron would simply be a defensive midfielder paired with Bradley rather than a third central defender, creating a 4-4-2. It actually produced some pretty good results during qualifying. However, with Chandler being injured right now, I think it is essentially too late for him to grab a spot for this cycle; hence, Cameron is out best right back option by a lot (Evans has been wretched there for the National Team lately) and will likely be at that position in Brazil.
If Chandlers healthy, I see him being on the preliminary roster because of our terrible depth at RB. Its Cameron, and them a pretty far drop off after that. Evans just won't cut in Brazil with the speed of the Ghana and Portugal. I see even Cameron struggling with the speed.
Benjamin C.
I agree with you, the talent level between Chandler and Evans is not particularly close; if both were healthy and in form, Chandler would easily win that battle. However, that doesn't mean Klinsmann would make his decision based on those factors. Personally, I rate Chandler, Lichaj, and even Parkhurst ahead of Evans at RB.
I like that group. Put Cameron as a def mid. I agree w putting our best players out there and giving us a chance.
I disagree with this. Cameron is a highly capable RB proving himself week in and week out against world class talent in the EPL. Evans has proven himself as a solid backup level RB, who's game translates to international play as a safe and sound type RB. (No he's not going to threaten going forward but he will not make positional mistakes and he is not prone to dangerous giveaways).
Chandler is a. Injured and b. Eternally in JK's doghouse.
No, no, no……if Cameron can shut down eden hazard for a whole game, he most definitely can handle any problems the Ghanaians will pose!!!!! Do your homework kid!!!
Lil' Zeke
Yes, let's all of us do some homework Ron
crazy ideas
we need to breed MESSI?
get 100 drunk college girls to get him drunk and let the offspring grow
Jesse D
a bunch of 5′ 3″ latin kids are guaranteed to be a success on the soccer field.
crazy ideas
Leave DONOVAN. He's washed up.
Bradley is our midfield linchpin. He will lead us to GLORY
There should be no more tinkering at this stage. Klinsi should have called in his starting 11. I don't care if some of the guys are a few days from starting their MLS season. This is the World Cup we are talking about and starting to gel as a unit is of paramount importance. Our starting 11 need to be playing together as much as possible from this point forward. I'm sure Danny Williams will show his hunger but he ain't a starter in Brazil. Let's move on and start putting on our game face.
Benjamin C.
I would agree with you, but you never know what will happen to some of those starters between now and this summer. God forbid it happen, but Besler or Bradley or anyone else could take a wrong step, be the victim of a rough tackle, whatever, and have a blown out knee. Klinsmann has to worry about figuring out who the backups are, who the alternates, etc., not just chemistry between the starting 11. Also, it is highly unlikely the same players will start every game at the World Cup. The coaching staff has to know about every single player they are even considering taking to Brazil.
disagree entirely.
Jesse D
I'm somewhere in-between your opinions. Yes we are still looking for alternates and trying to narrow the 23. Yes the best way to do that is see how the top 11 work with other members of the 23. An A- or B+ tells you much more than a B team ever does. How many "not ready" centerbacks do we want to see? I'd rather see how Cameron performs with Omar and Besler, than match him up with Gooch. There are still roster spots to be won, but MLS being dumb and placing opening weekend on an international date is their own fault.
Benjamin C.
MLS has always been stubborn concerning international dates, and their product has suffered short-term on the field because of this. If you market American, CONCACAF, and South American players, yet they are all playing qualifiers for a couple of weekends, you have a problem. Never understood that policy.
First, No injury actually prevents that in Bradley's case. Second this game is not about a 2 day camp and one match to build togetherness, it is the last chance to see some of these players in the context of other USMNT players to decide which are those who either can be a positive sub move or who can replace a starter without a big change in style of play or drop-off in quality. Bluntly, can Williams slot in for Jones, can Klejstan sub in for Bradley without changing the team's dynamic a lot or will Beckermann be the guy backing up Jones and Mix backing up Bradley (Mix was at the Jan. camp so the trade-offs there are apparent already). Not sure JK still has BEasley as the starting right back, but the question of Castillo being the first sub there still needs to be answered.
Some of the guys are young players and they are still in the parts of their careers wherein they can grow and change a lot in a short time so what happened last summer is not necessarily a good guide for where they will b next June.
Winning or losing this game is secondary to learning something about the players by a wide margin.
"The friendly against the Ukrainians, which is the Americans' last until Klinsmann selects his preliminary World Cup roster in May"
why do SBI reports continue to say this? there is a friendly in April against Mexico. at least state it's "European-based Americans'" last chance to impress before the preliminary roster. not a flat statement as it reads now.
This. The guys from MLS and Liga MX get one more chance to impress before the preliminary 30-man roster is out.
It's pretty amazing that there are good players in danger of not making the PRELIMINARY roster this cycle compared to 2010.
Ives Shawn
Is it canceled or not!
Jesse D
not cancelled.
Good Jeremy
Could this be the game where Kljestan finally plays his natural position? I'm not holding my breathe.
If Timothy Chandler recovers from injury and if Julian Green declares then Timothy will be the second best player for the USMNT in Brazil. I mean the kid is 23 and he made the Bundesliga 11 of the week, two straight weeks before he was injured.
Well if you want to ignore the year before those 2 weeks I guess he looks pretty good. However he is pretty inconsistent and its hard to tell what level he'll be at on his return.
If I want to ignore the year before? Why not say I want to ignore the 2 years before. Timothy has been a 3 year starter, in the Bundesliga for God's sake. How in the world can you say about this 23 yr. old world class player: "he is pretty inconsistent….."
I think you just made that up because it is nowhere near the truth. A player does not start for 3 years in the Bundesliga by being "pretty inconsistent".
Well Nurnberg didn't win a single match the first half of the season and were in dead last place at the break. He started the season by giving up a PK the cost his team a match and was sent off. Last season he was moved to the right wing where he never found a great deal of success and was in and out of line ups. Even Klinsmann said he wasn't being called in due to performance.
I like him but I think people have put too high of expectations on him too quickly. If was going to play for the US or not its a shame he got injured when he did because he was finding some great form coming out of the break.
With all that said as long as Brad Evans is in the picture Chandler can still make the World Cup team. I just don't think he is anywhere near the 2nd best player on the team. Might be the 3rd best fullback behind Fabian and Cameron.
Right… but you generally need 4 fullbacks on a 23 man roster for…y'know, injury coverage and possibly squad rotation.
I do like Clint Dempsey, a lot. I think he may be the best we have at this time; however, one could say that he was not surrounded by world-class players during his play with the U.S. National team…………………..so far.
If, in Brazil, he has both Julian Green and Timothy Chandler on the field with him, along with Tim Howard in Goal of course, then we may see his finest performance.
You're clearly trying to get responses from people with these god awful assessments, so i'll be the first to say that your a moron of the highest order!
Actually, I've always felt Dempsey had his worst games for the USMNT when he was within a few days from having to travel across an ocean. Since he did not do that for this game, I expect a stronger showing from him than we saw when he traveled from Fulham or Tottenham for a game that was happening within a few days.


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Restoration of the Wizards: Chapter 3.2
Arenfinch leaned foward and tickled a spot beneath his chin, immediately, he fell to the ground, limp and unconscious. All trained wolves had a pressure point right under their chin trained knock them out if they ever get out of control. But it only worked on trained wolves. The wolf pack started backing away as they watched their leader falled to the ground. Arenfnch retrieved his sword and rammed it deep into the skull of the wolf. Blood spurted out of the wound and wolf fell dead. There was a howl from the wolves and they all began to run. Moments later, the mountain top was empty. There was nothing left but a small package of trampled but usable packages.
Arenfinch walked over tiredly and picked of the thing. Then he pulled the sword out of the wolf's head and headed back down the road. Arenfinch had a new sword that day. And its name was Wolfbite.
Fregodolf met Arenfinch, all covered in blood halfway up the road. The dead carcasses of the wolves littered the ground and the smell of blood wafted through the air. Arenfinch looked up at him with bloodshot eyes.
"I thought I told you to stay."
"You did. But I was worried."
"I told you to say means that you stay. Do you not understand that?"
"And what if you died in there? Do you expect us to just wait there forever?"
Arenfinch failed to respond as he pushed past Fregodolf. He was tired, in fact too tired. He was barely supporting himself walking right now. He really should rest. But he would need to do that after he fixed up Hilian's wounds. Oh, that silly stupid knight. None of this would have happened if he didn't get bitten. He would have to thank the knight some day. Especially since he killed the wolf. He got back to the boulder and set to work immediately on Hilian's wounds. They weren't bad, but they were deep and deep wounds always bled a lot. Niserie had already helped staunch the flow a little, but the bandages would fix everything up. There would be no need to be scared for anything to happen now.
"I think we'll be spending the night here then." He finally grumbled.
"I thought you said it was dangerous here at night." Ilin stared at him.
"I said stay so we stay! The wolves are gone now. But if you wish to, you can leave the mountain alone."
Ilin shook his head.
As the sun set on the horizon, the Circle rested around the boulder. It would be a restful night. But tomorrow would be even more hectic.
"Wake up!" A hand shook Arenfinch feebly. He mumbled something, batting the hand away and rolled over. "Wake up Arenfinch! We're in trouble!"
"What?" He finally sat up mumbling.
"The ground is shaking!"
As Arenfinch finally came to his senses, he realized that the ground was shaking. He looked up and saw at the end of the path, a small cloud of fog that seemed to get bigger and bigger by the moment. Suddenly, his eyes burst wide open as the truth struck him.
"Those stupid wolves." He cursed, grabbing everything around them. "Everyone run! Landslide!"
Immediately, everyone set off down the rocky path. Hilian limped heavily behind, with Fregodolf helping him. Arenfinch, as he ran, saw a wolf standing on a cliff, far away, staring at them with its deep red eyes. He screamed at the wolf and vowed that he would come back one day to kill every living thing on this mountain. Messing with Arenfinch was not a good idea.
Rocks began crumbling beneath their feet and the path began to fall apart. The mountain was made completely of stone stacked on top of stone. There was no stability in it and to set just one rock off could send the whole mountain tumbling. The wolves did it and now the mountain was going to collapse on them.
"Off the road! To the side!" Arenfinch shouted as he dragged Ilin off the narrow road. If anything collapsed on them, they would be dead. Best get out of the way first.
Niserie followed nimbly behind, but Hilian was having a hard time maneuvering around the rocks. They almost our ran the landslide when the growl of a wolf rang out behind then. Arenfinch saw the problem and pushed Ilin forward with Niserie.
"You two get going. Once you reach the bottom of the mountain, hide behind a ledge. No matter what, do not go into a cave. You hear me? No caves." Then he turned and ran back to help Hilian. "You wolves are going to pay!"
Arenfinch screamed as he slaughtered the wolves. Fregodolf ran after him as well, killing and stabbing. Crowds of wolves howled at them as they knocked the wolves off the mountain, sending them falling into the rocky ravines of the mountain. The landslide was catching up to them.
"We need to get going. Retreat!" Fregodolf shouted, dragging the crazed Arenfinch out of the wolf crowd. Hilian was dealing with a wolf not much far ahead. "Hilian, retreat!"
Hilian killed the wolf and began retreating back along with the others.
Fregodolf struggled to drag Arenfinch backwards. The man seemed to be out of his mind and Fregodolf could only resort to his last choice. He lifted his sword and smacked solidly on Arenfinch's head. The man fell limp and Fregodolf picked him up. The wolves were still behind them, but if they could just get down the mountain...
The landslide was still rumbling slowly behind them and Hilian almost tripped on a stone that flew past him. They pushed on down the mountain and finally stumbled down to the bottom. But there was no one there.
"Niserie!" Fregodolf shouted. "Ilin! Where are you?"
There was no response. Fregodolf sighed. It would be a long trek around the mountain to search for those two. Hopefully they were still alive.
Niserie stumbled down the mountain with Ilin. She hated how she was constantly pushed off, leaving her feeling helpless and useless. They pushed through the rough terrain of the rocky mountain and finally reached the bottom after a long run. The sounds of the landslide seemed distant, but they couldn't be too sure. Niserie grabbed Ilin and pushed him behind a rock, jumping in behind him.
"What are we going to do now?" Ilin whispered.
"I don't know. Wait I suppose."
Ilin nodded and settled back down. And so they waited. It was a long wait and hence they stay for a long time. Yet as they waited, Niserie couldn't help but notice a soft sniffing sound coming from behind her. Something was coming here and she could feel it searching for them. She tugged on Ilin's arm.
"There's something behind us." She whispered. The boy whipped around and peeked out from behind the rock cautiously. Suddenly he dropped down again.
"W-wolves." He managed to whisper as his eyes darted back and forth looking for another more safer place to hide. Niserie grab hold of her sword.
"Over there." She pointed to a large rock a few feet in front of them. It wasn't far, but if was enough for the wolves to see them. They were going to have to face the wolves sooner or later. But Niserie was more worried about something else.
If the wolves are here now, what happened to the others?
Fregodolf set the limp Arenfinch down on the ground. That man was going to be really angry when he woke up, but the silence right now was worth the scolding later.
"Any plan?" He looked up at Hilian. The elf knight sighed and shook his head.
"I think we best rest while we can and then set out to search for the other two when Arenfinch wakes up again."
Fregodolf nodded.
"I suppose we'll have to do that."
They both sat down and fell asleep moments later.
Wielding a sword was awkward. Niserie much preferred a bow. She really wished she had brought her own bow even though that sword in her hand was a wonderful sword. The wolves pounced at them quickly and Niserie had to drag the boy away. Now if only she had her bow, she could kill those wolves on the run. close combat was not her thing and now it was really showing. Niserie barely blocked a wolf as she retreated with Ilin. The boy had his sword out, but from the way he was holding it, he didn't seem know how to use it any better than Niserie.
"Get back!" Niserie shouted, pushing the frantic boy backwards right before a wolf jumped at him. Ilin stumbled and fell on the ground sending his sword flying.
"My sword!" He gasped and crawled forward to get it. But right as he closed his hands around the hilt of the sword, a heavy paw landed solidly on the blade. There was a silent growl as Ilin looked up, staring eye to eye at a wolf. He screamed, ripping the blade out from under the paw and started swinging blindly at the wolf in front of him. he felt his blade connect with something and then there was a thump. He opened his eyes and saw the dead wolf lying on the ground with one long gnash across it's face.
Ilin stared at the wolf for a moment in shock. He just killed a wolf. Even after 308 years of peaceful living, he just kill something. There was a reason why Ilin didn't want to become a hunter. There was a reason why adventuring to him was suppose to only be a dream. Ilin hated the thought of anything or anyone dying. It was just a terrible thing.
"I'm sorry wolf. I had to kill you." He said, trying to reason with himself. "If I didn't kill you, you would have killed me. It was either me or you. I'm sorry. I wish we could have just compromised and..."
"Ilin!" Niserie shouted, knocking him out of his trance. "What are you doing! Get out of the wolf crowd!"
Ilin looked around and suddenly realized that he was completely surrounded by wolves. He panicked and sunk to the ground.
"Ilin?" Niserie peered into the wolf crowd unable to see the boy. "Ilin!"
Ilin began crawling around the wolves and finally pushed his way out of the crowd.
"Here!" He shouted breathlessly, stumbling upright and ran off towards the nearest rock he could hide behind.
Niserie cursed under her breath. For a moment she had thought that the boy was dead.
"Next time give a memo!" She shouted, slightly annoyed. Niserie jumped down from the rock she just crawled on and leaped behind the rock where Ilin was.
"Alright, here's the plan." Niserie said as a plan slowly formulated in her mind. "There's just too many wolves out there and too little of us. There's no leader for some reason. So, we need to find something that will cause internal conflict."
Ilin nodded eagerly, waiting for her to continue.
"The problem is, what can we do to cause internal conflict?"
Ilin looked just as stumped.
"Food?" He offered weakly.
"Those wolves aren't hungry."
"But if they aren't hungry, why are they trying to eat us?"
"Wolves like eating elf meat. It's just a fact. We're half-elf. That's the closest thing they can get to elf meat since the disappearance of the elves."
Ilin shuddered. They sat there silently thinking as the wolves roamed around behind them looking for where they were. It would only be a moment before the wolves would pick up their scent again and find them behind the rock. Suddenly, a distant rumbled echo through the plain.
"That's it! The landslide!" Ilin gasped.
Niserie nodded in agreement.
"Alright. We'll need to hold these wolves out until the landslide comes and then hope for the best."
The two steadied themselves on the rock, facing the wolf crowd. Niserie stared at the menacing wolf pack and wished for her bow again.


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One Night Stan's
19,009 articles beingAdd New Page
edited here
edited here
One Night Stan's is a night club in Springfield.
Homer visited the club with Julio and Grady and the three started dancing together. Hans Moleman was there with Gay Colonel, as he thought it is his army reunion.
Homer and Moe came to find a girlfriend for Moe. Homer used different tactics to let Moe be alone with four different women for a while, including stealing a woman from Lenny and sidetracked a woman away from her nicer friend.
- The club appeared as a gay club in "Three Gays of the Condo", but at its later appearance in "The Blue and the Gray" it was a normal night club.
Behind the Laughter
- The name of the club is a play on the phrase "one night stand".


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Dear Honey, this is your mother speaking.
Did you know that at our local Barnes and Noble, there are no less than 12 different books on how to grow marijuana? I wouldn't have normally even taken notice, but I was perusing the shelves for a book on heirloom gardening. Its actually Natalie's fault, I was reading her blog about how she started a garden project and ended up going into some sort of 'alternative agricultural store' which we all know is a front. Now she says she's growing 'tomatoes' in her garden. Right.
So, coincidentally that nights movie was Saving Grace on Netflix. A lovely woman, my general age and great taste in furniture (which is really beside the point). Anyway, her husband passes away and leaves her destitute, in a lovely English garden estate – so to support her previous level of living, she grows pot. I was relating to this woman. I actually got mad at Left Brain after watching this movie – just on principle (because he has neither died nor had an affair or left me on the threshold of debtor's prison). But I have been concerned about the state of our retirement lately – so I am thinking about starting a 'garden'. So as I see it, I have only two workable possibilities for retirement – either grow pot or move in with you dear. {I've always thought you would be great at growing pot Mom, you've got such a green thumb. And I can totally see you with the munchies, the last time you were here you ate all the semi-sweet chocolate chips from my baking cupboard.}
Truthfully, I think the growing would be the easy part of the process, as a 50-something woman who has several decades of gardening under her belt. The puzzling part this venture is {jail time?} – distribution. Where would I sell my high-quality organic marijuana? {Pot-Mart Mom, its right next to Wal-Mart.} I don't hang around with the right friends, there isn't a lot of call for it at the Mission Committee at church, and I don't have the right clothes for selling pot. I had a fringed halter top once, but I am just going to guess that it wouldn't look quite as good on me now as it did in 1974. So my only realistic option is a staff of salespeople. Also, quite possibly a specialist for quality control, because at my weight the munchies could be a complete wardrobe disaster. Do you think I would have to pay someone for that, or is the actual job benefit enough? I refuse to have them hanging out at my house either – if I wanted a bunch of people acting stoned and eat everything in the fridge I'd have had more kids. I think I should be a wholesaler, at my age I can't be responsible for a bunch of stoned sales associates. And I can't afford to offer health insurance either.
You know Honey if we did this together we could go larger – we could buy land. Several little pieces of land actually, satellite farms under assumed names like Duane 'Moon Head' Schmidt and Misty Meadows. Because if your father finds out about this, it will be a marital moment with aftershocks that will be felt for months.
So what do you think Honey, new business venture?
Love from your Mother, Queen B.
{Just so you all know – I'm 89% certain that she's kidding.}


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 19, 2004
|Filing date
|Jul 13, 2001
|Priority date
|Jul 13, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Renjit Tom Thomas, Shawmin Lei
|Original Assignee
|Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (20), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field
This disclosure relates to vector quantization for the compression of image, video, speech, audio, or other data types, more particularly to methods for developing codebooks for vector quantization.
2. Background
Data compression techniques attempt to reduce the amount of information necessary to reconstruct the original entity, while still providing enough information to reconstruct the original entity. For example, image compression compresses the amount of data necessary to reconstruct an original image. Speech compression compresses the amount of data needed to compress speech. These of course are examples as compression can be applied to any kind of data.
Vector quantization is a lossy compression technique. Vector Quantization technique (or VQ) partitions the entire data space into a series of representative regions. Within each region, approximations are designated, referred to as codevectors. The regions and codevectors are developed through a training procedure, using typical data sets, such as typical speech patterns or typical images. A typical training procedure was originally proposed in 1980 by Linde, Buzo and Gray and is therefore sometimes referred to as LBG algorithm.
LBG algorithm uses relative occurrences of the patterns in the training images. Typically a large number of training data sets are used for training. Generally, this approach works well for typical patterns. However, rare data combinations may occur that are completely missed by the training set. The resulting codebook will perform very badly when those data combinations occur.
One solution is an approach referred to as Lattice VQ. This approach mathematically partitions the data space into equal regions and includes the rare data patterns. This will have a reasonable performance if the source is also uniformly distributed in the vector space. However, it performs very poorly if the source has a skewed distribution.
Therefore, an approach is needed that performs well with typical data sets, and also with the rare patterns as with the Lattice VQ.
One aspect of the disclosure is a method for data compression. An encoder receives data vectors from the original data to be compressed. The encoder uses a vector quantization codebook to encode the data vectors into encoded vectors. The codebook is produced using a training set having a compound data set, where the compound data set includes real data vectors and artificial data vectors. The encoded vectors are indexed in the codebook and the indexes are transmitted across communication channels or transmitted to storage.
Another aspect of the encoder is the artificial data set. The artificial data set may include a uniformly distributed data set, a diagonal data set, or both.
The invention may be best understood by reading the disclosure with reference to the drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a vector quantization encoder/decoder pair, in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of one embodiment of a method to produce a VQ codebook, in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of footprints used to divide an image into blocks, in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 4a shows one embodiment of Voroni cells corresponding to actual data used in vector quantization.
FIG. 4b shows one embodiment of Voroni cells corresponding to a compound data set used in vector quantization, in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of one embodiment of a method of data compression using a VQ codebook, in accordance with the invention.
Vector quantization is one of the popular compression algorithms, which can be applied to both speech compression and image compression. It is generalized from scalar quantization to the quantization of a multi-dimensional vector, an ordered set of real numbers. The jump from one dimension to multiple dimensions is a major step that allows many new ideas, concepts, techniques, and applications.
A vector can be used to represent any type of ordered data, such as a segment of a sampled speech waveform or a block of image pixels. Vector quantization can be viewed as a form of pattern recognition where an input vector is "approximated" by one of a predetermined set of standard patterns, or in other words, the input vector is matched with one of a stored set of templates or code words. This predetermined or stored set of patterns, templates, or code words is called a 'codebook.' In compression applications, the index of the matched pattern in the codebook is stored or transmitted. This index may or may not be compressed by some lossless compression methods, such as Huffman coding. When a decoder receives the index, the decoder looks up the corresponding pattern in the codebook and outputs the pattern as decoded results. Therefore, a VQ decoder usually has very low complexity and can be implemented by a single-table look-up operation for each reconstructed vector.
A VQ encoder is usually much more complex than the VQ decoder. A straightforward way to implement a VQ encoder may involve a full search of the closest pattern in the codebook for each input vector, comparing the input vector with the code words in the codebook one by one. Since the full-search VQ requires a lot of computations in the encoder, many efforts have tried to simplify the encoder. For example, using a tree-search concept, lead to tree-structured VQ. Dividing the vector into smaller subvectors, resulted in a hierarchical VQ (HVQ). However, most of those simplifications are sub-optimal as the matched codeword may not be the closest one, but only a codeword close to the optimal one.
A block diagram of VQ encoder and decoder are shown in FIG. 1. The encoder 10 receives input vectors computed from the source data. The encoder then approximates the input vectors using the vectors in the codebook and an index identifying the particular vector in the codebook is either stored or transmitted at 14. The most common applications for data compression are to reduce the amount of space required to store data or the amount of bandwidth needed to transmit it.
When desired, the decoder will reconstruct the original vectors using a decoder 16. The decoder takes the indexes stored or transmitted at 14 and uses a codebook 18 that contains the same information as the codebook used by the encoder. This allows the decoder to reconstruct the original input vectors and allows the original data to be reconstructed.
This is a lossy compression process, where the reconstructed data is not the exact same as the original. The difference between the original and the reconstructed data is referred to as the error. It is left to the system designer to determine the acceptable error rate versus the acceptable compression percentage.
An important issue for VQ is construction of the codebook. A common method is to first collect a very large set of "typical" vectors, called training data or training set, and then feed this training set through Linde, Buzo, and Gray algorithm, referred to as the LBG algorithm or the Generalized Lloyd algorithm. An optimal codebook can be obtained from the results of the LBG algorithm. The LBG algorithm is an iterative algorithm with an initial codebook. One way of generating the initial codebook can be just randomly selecting the desired number of vectors in the data space. LBG algorithm can then refine this codebook iteratively, based on the characteristics of the input training data.
However, since the entire space is being represented by fewer representative code vectors, it becomes very important to carefully choose the code vectors in the training stage. VQ tries to capture the characteristics of the data and develop code vectors based on the frequency and properties of the data in the training stage. Usually the code vectors are trained using the typical data from the target environment. The VQ codebooks then get "tuned" to the target environment in the training stage, so that when similar data vector occurs in the encoding stage, it can output the index of a code vector that will be very similar to the original data vector.
The performance of VQ depends on the design of a good codebook, and to obtain a good codebook depends on the judicious choice of the training data. Some of the vectors in data space may have very low probability to occur in the target environment, and they may never occur in the training set. These regions in space are not accounted for properly in the training set and in the codebook resulting in error between the original and the reconstructed data. This can be more noticeable if fewer numbers of bits, and thus a small codebook, are available for encoding. This is especially noticeable in image data in the chrominance part of the image, as color shifts are more easily detectable by the eye than shifts in luminance or gray scale.
One way to alleviate the above problem is to increase the number of typical data in the training process. However, this can make the training set impractically large. Training in VQ may take a lot of time. Further, even if more training data are added, it can never be certain as to whether all of the data vectors are accounted for in a way proportional to their occurrence.
As mentioned previously, the other approach is to use Lattice VQ where the space is mathematically partitioned into equal regions. This approach may quantize the vectors well if the data is uniformly distributed, but in typical applications this is not suitable since the real data usually have a very skewed distribution.
Another factor noticeable in the training set, especially to image data, is that the elements of the vectors often have similar values. The codebooks emphasize the diagonals, where the entries of a vector are all similar, of the multidimensional space in code-vector creation. Emphasizing the diagonals more than the other parts of the multidimensional space will have high errors in the physical pixel regions with high variations. This data will be mapped to codes lying on the diagonal, nearest to them.
However, this problem can be overcome using a combination of some artificial data, which uniformly covers the entire space and the real data from the characteristic training set. In order to account for the distribution of real data later, it seems wise to use an approach that differs from the approach in the lattice VQ that computes the codes mathematically. Instead, one may feed uniformly distributed artificial data to the training system, and the system can automatically generate the code vectors that uniformly cover the whole space. The artificial training set may have vectors of different combinations of values, and may repeat them sufficient number of times if necessary. This artificial training set will be referred to as the uniformly distributed data set.
This data set, for example, in two dimensions, looks like: (0,0), (0,1), (0,2) . . . (0,255), (1,0), (1,1), (1,2) . . . etc. Repetition may be necessary if the number of all the possible combinations of data vectors is still smaller than the number that needs to account for the desired population of the artificial data. This would yield an almost multi-dimensional, hexagonal-like partitioning of space. In higher dimension space, it would be more practical to feed in uniformly distributed artificial data, say for example, as generated by a suitable random number generator.
However, this has the potential problem discussed above that typical images may have a high correlation between adjacent pixels, since these are usually similar. It may be better to give more emphasis to the vector patterns where all elements in a vector are of same value. In training, the system may have another artificial set where all elements in a vector are of the same value and the value is uniformly distributed. This artificial data set will be referred to as the diagonal data set.
For example in the two-dimensional case, this artificial training data set may look like (0,0), (1,1) . . . (255,255) etc., which can also be repeated enough times to reflect the influence desired. If it is impossible to enumerate all the possible values, e.g., if the elements are real numbers, not integers, the diagonal data set can be generated by a random number generator such that the element values in different vectors are uniformly distributed.
This will perform better than the case of the pure lattice VQ, since it has more chances of having adjacent pixel regions the same. In this case, the code regions will lie along the higher-dimension diagonal. Therefore the more robust option seems to be a "mix" of the actual training set and the above-mentioned two artificial sets into one set, which will be referred to as the mixed set or the compound set. The uniformly distributed set will account for the insufficient percentage of the vectors with high variations. The diagonal data set can be used to make the overall artificial data set have closer characteristics as the target environment.
The mixing is flexible, in that one may vary the percentages of the actual data and the artificial training data. The "mixed" codes retain most of the characteristics of the real data mostly along the diagonal. It has some codes in the peripherals to account for the details, where the pixels vary greatly. If these were not there, the codes would have been mapped to some point near the diagonal. In the mixed or compound set, it may be seen that the hexagonal codes account for the details, thus reducing the error as compared to the original. Also the vectors that may not occur in the original, real data set, for example, corresponding to two ends of the main diagonal in the multidimensional space, are accounted for in a better way with regards to the partitioning of space.
FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a method to train a VQ codebook that takes these considerations into account. At 34, the process selects a compound training data set of a real vector data set and at least one other artificial vector data set as was described in the previous section. In one embodiment, the artificial data set includes a uniformly distributed data set. In an alternative embodiment, the artificial data set includes a diagonal data set. In yet another alternative, the compound set includes both. The compound training data set is used to produce the codebook, not in the actual compression process.
At 20, the initial codebook is defined. For example, the random initialization method mentioned previously may be used to define an initial codebook with a desired number of code vectors. At 22, each of the training vectors is assigned to the closest code vector. Closeness is typically defined as a distance measure of some sort. After the assignment is made, all of the training vectors that are assigned to one code vector are formed into sets.
At 24, the centroid of each set is found. Typically, this uses the number of occurrences of the training vector as the mass and the distance measure of the vector as the distance. This newly calculated centroid is then used to replace the code vector about which that set was formed at 26.
Once the centroids are replaced, an error value is computed based on the difference between the new code vectors, Ei, and the previous code vector, Ei−1. The significance of the error can be defined based on a threshold; and the difference, Ei−1−Ei, is compared to the threshold to determine if the next iteration has to be performed or not. If the error difference is no longer greater than the threshold, the process ends. If it is greater than the threshold, the process returns to the assignment process with using the new collection of code vectors. In the following example, the data used is image data in a scanner-printer application. This is only for example only, no limitation to image data is intended nor should it be implied as a limit on the scope of the invention, as it is equally applicable to many different types of data. This example uses HVQ (Hierarchical VQ) for fast compression required to store and transmit image data from the scanner side to the printer side in a scanner-printer application. The resolution of the scanned image is 600 dpi, and there is lot of redundancy in the pixel patterns. Also, the correlation between the pixels is high. This enables the use of HVQ for compression of these scanned documents.
It is well known that the YCbCr color space is better than the RGB color space for compression. In this example the system converts the RGB raw image received from the scanner to YCbCr image data. The human visual system (HVS) has about a half of the spatial bandwidth for the chrominance components, the Cb and Cr components here, than the bandwidth for the luminance component, the Y component. This results in an ability to down-sample the Cb and the Cr data to compress data with almost no quality degradation. The Y/Cb/Cr components are compressed separately. As for the Y component, it can be divided across the entire image into blocks of size 2 by 4 pixels, as shown in FIG. 3.
Using HVQ, the 2 by 4 block are encoded:
Code=Table3[Table2[Table1 [a][b]][Table1 [e][f]]][Table2[Table1 [c][d]][Table1 [g][h]]]
As for the Cb/Cr components, there are just two pixel values corresponding to the physical 2 by 4 image block. This just requires coding:
Since the footprint used here just corresponds to two pixels, only 5-6 bits are necessary for encoding the chrominance part. If lattice VQ were used to handle this problem considering the entire space, this would yield an almost hexagonal partitioning of space. Since the dimension of the vector here is 2, these can be visualized as hexagonal cells partitioning the entire plane. Similar partitioning would result if the process used the uniformly distributed data set as the training set.
To account for the fact that there is a high correlation between adjacent pixels it may be more desirable if more emphasis is given to the codes where the adjacent pixels are of same value. As discussed previously, the training set may have another artificial set where the adjacent pixel values are the same, and it contains all the possible values, considered as a pair. In this case, the code regions will lie along the main multi-dimensional diagonal.
A judicious choice in the relative percentages of the above-described artificial sets and the real data set, in the codebook has to be made. Looking at the Voronoi diagrams of the space partitions corresponding to the real data, uniform quantization and the diagonal quantization, the relative percentages of the 3 sets can be decided. For example in the above case, a Voronoi diagram as in FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b was used. FIG. 4a shows one embodiment of a Voronoi using real data. FIG. 4b shows one embodiment of a Voronoi diagram using a compound set.
The mixing is flexible, for example, the above corresponds to a mixing of the real data, and one each of the artificial data sets in a ratio of 10:1:1. As seen above, the "mixed" Voronoi diagram retains most of the characteristics of the real data along the diagonal, mainly. It has some codes in the peripherals to account for the details. If these were not there, the codes would have been mapped to some point near the diagonal. In the compound set, it can be seen that the hexagonal codes account for the details, thus reducing the error as compared to the original. Also the bright colors corresponding to the edges of the diagonals are accounted for in a better way with regards the partitioning of space.
This approach can be used for any types of VQ and for similar target environments. In scanned images, a lot of the regions are "flat" in that the pixel values do not vary much in these regions. Therefore, most of the codes may pertain to these flat regions. If one considers PSNR (pixel signal-to-noise ratio) as a measure of quality in the image case, it can be seen that the PSNR would be higher if the entire image is allowed in training. The system may lose on the pixel regions with "details" generally regions of high frequency. Overall the PSNR may be high since the flat regions, which outnumber the detail regions, are encoded with higher precision.
It must be noted that such a high precision is not required for the flat regions in typical images because of the nature of the human visual system. This high precision pays the price of losing codes in the detail regions, thus causing the images to be hazier. It would be more desirable to keep less precision in the flat zones, only enough to accommodate the human visual system, to have sufficient codes in the detail regions.
Another factor to be considered is that the chrominance changes or artifacts are more easily noticed than luminance changes. The scanned images, such as those used in the example, might not have some colors, such as bright colors. If the training set had only those non-bright colors, there may have been noticeable color mismatches if the system encountered those colors in encoding. Having all of the colors would require the huge training sets discussed above. However, selection of suitable training sets to include the artificially generated sets discussed above, provides all of the colors.
A flowchart of one embodiment of a method for data compression using a VQ codebook is shown in FIG. 5. The input vectors are received at 30. As mentioned above, the input vectors are ordered pairs of input data. The input data could be one of several different types of data, including image data or speech data. The input vectors are encoded at 32 using the codebook 36. The codebook 36 was computed offline from a compound data set of a real vector data set and at least one other artificial vector data set. In one embodiment, the artificial data set includes a uniformly distributed data set. In an alternative embodiment, the artificial data set includes a diagonal quantization data set. In yet another alternative, the compound set includes both. The compound data set is used to produce the codebook, not in the actual compression process.
These indices from codebook 36 are that which are transmitted at 38. Note that transmission in this example includes both transmissions across a communications channel and transmission to storage. The decoder has the same codebook and can use the indexes to determine the encoded vectors. These encoded vectors then become the approximation of the original data set, as discussed in detail above.
In many instances, this method will be implemented in software in a machine-readable form, such as in the encoder software. The machine-readable code includes the code that, when executed, implements the methods of the invention.
Thus, although there has been described to this point a particular embodiment for a method and apparatus for robust VQ encoding using compound sets, it is not intended that such specific references be considered as limitations upon the scope of this invention except in-so-far as set forth in the following claims.
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|Scientific Atlanta, Inc.
|Method for selecting reproduction quality of transmitted vector quantized data
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|California Institute Of Technology
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|Apple Computer, Inc.
|Preprocessing and postprocessing for vector quantization
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|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and system for the arrangement of vocoder data for the masking of transmission channel induced errors
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|Feb 24, 1998
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
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|May 12, 1998
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
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|Jun 6, 2000
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
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|Nov 28, 2000
|Microsoft, Inc.
|Table based compression with embedded coding
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|Aug 20, 2002
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Ultrasound image processing employing non-linear tissue response backscatter signals
|Jan 5, 2000
|Apr 6, 2004
|General Dynamics Decision Systems, Inc.
|Communication system and method for multi-rate, channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization
|Y. Linde, A. Buzo and R.M. Gray "An Algorithm for Vector Quantizer Design," IEEE Trans. on Communications, vol. COM-28, No. 1, pp. 84-95, Jan. 1980.
|Citing Patent
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|May 30, 2003
|Sep 12, 2006
|Voiceage Corporation
|Method and system for multi-rate lattice vector quantization of a signal
|Sep 10, 2004
|Jul 27, 2010
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Determining sharpness predictors for a digital image
|Apr 21, 2010
|Nov 23, 2010
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Digital camera incorporating a sharpness predictor
|Apr 21, 2010
|Jan 18, 2011
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Determining sharpness predictors for digital images
|Jul 1, 2010
|Oct 9, 2012
|National Pingtung University Of Science & Technology
|Codebook generating method
|Feb 18, 2005
|Oct 16, 2012
|Mediatek Incorporation
|Method of decoding a digital video sequence and related apparatus
|Jul 1, 2010
|Mar 26, 2013
|National Pingtung University Of Science & Technology
|Codebook generating method
|Mar 15, 2011
|Oct 15, 2013
|Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
|Detecting and labeling places using runtime change-point detection and place labeling classifiers
|Mar 9, 2011
|Oct 22, 2013
|Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
|Detecting and labeling places using runtime change-point detection
|Sep 12, 2012
|Aug 19, 2014
|Mediatek Incorporation
|Method of decoding a digital video sequence and related apparatus
|May 30, 2003
|Dec 29, 2005
|Voiceage Corporation
|Method and system for multi-rate lattice vector quantization of a signal
|Sep 10, 2004
|Mar 16, 2006
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Determining sharpness predictors for a digital image
|Feb 18, 2005
|Aug 24, 2006
|Ju Chi-Cheng
|Method of decoding a digital video sequence and related apparatus
|Apr 21, 2010
|Aug 12, 2010
|Bouk Theodore F
|Digital camera incorporating a sharpness predictor
|Apr 21, 2010
|Aug 12, 2010
|Bouk Theodore F
|Determining sharpness predictors for digital images
|Jul 1, 2010
|Feb 3, 2011
|Cheng-Fa Tsai
|Codebook generating method
|Jul 1, 2010
|Mar 17, 2011
|Cheng-Fa Tsai
|Codebook generating method
|Mar 15, 2011
|Sep 22, 2011
|Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
|Detecting and labeling places using runtime change-point detection and place labeling classifiers
|Mar 9, 2011
|Sep 22, 2011
|Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
|Detecting And Labeling Places Using Runtime Change-Point Detection
|Feb 16, 2006
|May 25, 2016
|U.S. Classification
|382/253, 704/230, 382/251, 375/240.29, 382/250, 375/240.22, 704/222
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 13, 2001
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Virtual Groups (formerly "Virtual Chapters") are interest-based forums that bring the global PASS community together through live webcasts with leading data professionals and experts.
Whether you are just starting your career, or well established; a DBA, developer, data scientist, or BI professional, there is a Virtual Group to suit your professional interests and training needs.
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STP Cost Paths Question
Hi everybody,
I am just an IT student and i am actually learning about STP protocol. At school they told us one thing that seems weird to me :
I precise that we decided to not consider the priority field (priority number + vlan id) in the Bridge ID section so that the Bridge ID is only composed of the Mac @ of the bridge.
When you have a bridge that is not directly connected to the root bridge but offers two paths that have the same cost to reach the root bridge, the bridge will select what ? the lowest path I guess (Lowest BID) but the teacher told us that only the root bridge election process used the lowest BID and that for the selection of one path between two paths with the same costs we must consider the highest BID (seems weird no ? Coz' with Cisco I learned that Lowest is best ....)
Thus i have an exam in 4 days and that i tried to join my teacher without success, i am asking the community.
Thanks to everybody that reads this post and therefore responds.
-- Ropza --
Here's the logic (algorithm) that makes the path selection when there is a tie between same cost and stuff like that.
1) first of all the highest priority will be given to the " priority field " and a mac address. [ KEEP IN MIND THAT IN STP WORLD LOWER IS BETTER ]. Incase of same priority, lowest MAC address will win.
2) if tie between two same cost path occurs then " Port ID " [e.g. 128 / (0/1) ] will be used to determine the path.
Ex. (Least cost )--> if same then (compare BPDU ) ----> if same sending BID then ----> compare sending Port ID and there will not be same port id ever so somebody will win that election and will be the path to root bridge.
I hope this will help you.


text:
Tuesday 28th February 2012
We caught up with Max Bacharach aka MB, founder and resident DJ at Genre-spanning London boutique party Colony, for a quick chat ahead of their room host at Blueprint Records on Saturday.
Tell us about the musical direction behind your Colony parties. It's obvious you like to showcase a broad range of electronic music with bookings such as Rockwell, Ben UFO, Peverelist and instra:mental.
Yeah, the whole idea with our party is it's not tied to any particular genre. Techno is the basis, I guess, but we have a passion for all kinds of club (and non-club) musics, and see it as a positive and constructive venture to draw lines between (some of) these on any given night. There's no high concept at play, just a lot of love for a lot of different things! It's been like this since day one and will, we hope, remain that way for a good while yet...
You selected Blackest Ever Black duo RAIME as your guest act for Saturdays Blueprint Records party at Cable. Explain.
In the space of only a handful of releases, Raime have made a very powerful and unique statement with their music. They also have a scary record collection. We've been hoping to book them for a while now, and, what with Regis (a fellow Blackest Ever Black label artist) playing live in Room 1, this seemed like a perfect opportunity.
How did your relationship with James Ruskin and Blueprint Records come about?
We're obviously big fans of James and Blueprint, and have been following the label closely since its re-arrival a few years back. We were very kindly - and unexpectedly - asked to host room 2 for last March's bash and have been in touch ever since.
You've previously hosted Cable's Room 2 for Blueprint Records. What are your past experiences of Cable? Are you looking forward to Saturday?
Cable's a wicked club with great sound and a serious heads down, locked in vibe, so we're hyped about what's going to be a bonkers atmosphere on Saturday. We've had great fun at previous Blueprints, and this is shaping up to be the best one yet, with a scary amount of British talent in the house. 'Nuff said.
You have a strong crew of residents at Colony with yourself, CB and Tengui. What can we expect from your performance? Will it be a backtoback showdown?!
Yep, there will indeed be b2b action, with myself and CB going head to head in the vane of our mix for you guys (featuring tracks from all of the artists playing on the night). We tend to slalom between 4/4 and breakbeat flavours, keeping things dark, trippy and bass-heavy, with occasional flashes of old skool carnage. Tengui will be on a much slower, dronier tip, moving from pure ambience into chugging techno and electronica. Between us, we try to rep the music we believe in as faithfully and consistently as possible, and Saturday will be no different.
Colony will be four years young next year. What's the secret to your success? Any arguments in the Colony?
There's absolutely no secret to our success, to be honest. We just do what we believe in and try to be as uncompromising as possible. It's been extremely tough at times, but we keep going because Colony means everything to us. That people value and appreciate what we do is amazing, and something we would never take for granted.
Anything you want to shout about?
Shouts go to James and all at Blueprint/WFS for hooking this up, and the Raime boys for kindly agreeing to drag some rekkids down for our listening/dancing pleasure. Big ups all round.
Catch the Colony DJs MB, CB & Tengui hosting Room 2 at the forthcoming Blueprint Records party at Cable. Follow the link below for full event info & tickets;
We Fear Silence present Blueprint Records at Cable - Saturday 3rd March


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I have my movies on a HDD plugged in to my WD TV Live SMP. And before i discovered "get content info" each genre had its own personally created jpg artwork. They were named Folder.jpg. Once i gathred info for the metadata they were replaced by the dvd cover of the first movie in the folder. They show up on my pc but not on the WD TV... What happened can anyone help. I tried naming them 1.metathumb but no luck also action.jpg also no good. I am on the normal theme and the most current firmware. Please help
Any one have any ideas?
Bump still looking for any answers?
Try deleting the WDTV file (hidden) on your usb hdd then restart the SMP. The WDTV file will then regenerate it's self again.
It's a bug in the firmware.


text:
PortCityDaily.com is your source for free news and information in the Wilmington area.
WILMINGTON — Alma Rooks Benson, of Wilmington, beloved mother of John A. Benson Jr. (Barbara) and Margaret Benson McDuffie (Allan) went home to be with her Heavenly Father on Sept. 26, 2016.
She was born Nov. 5, 1913, in Bladen County, the fourth of six children, to the late Luther J. Rooks and Livvie Corbett Rooks.
She graduated from Atkinson High School in the class of 1932. In addition to her children she is survived by her sister, Livvie Lewis; nine grandchildren; nine great-grandchildren and several nieces and nephews.
Mrs. Benson was a beautiful lady inside and out who had an ageless and fun personality. Her dry sense of humor and quick wit made it a pleasure to be in her presence. She enjoyed sewing and crocheting and gave generously of her time and talents, not only to those she loved but to many she never knew.
She derived great satisfaction in doing for others and lost count of how many afghans she made for family and friends. She volunteered more than 25 years of service to the New Hanover County Services for the Aging and received the President's Volunteer Service Award. She thoroughly enjoyed organizing many senior trips and traveling as their tour hostess. She was a member of Myrtle Grove Presbyterian Church for over 70 years and was a member of Circle No. 1. She remained active until age 95, when she became homebound.
A celebration of life will be held at 11 a.m., Thursday, Sept. 29, 2016, at Myrtle Grove Presbyterian Church, 800 Piner Road, with Rev. Steve Mattis and dear friend Rev. Ron Roughton officiating. The family will receive friends following the service and interment will follow at Greenlawn Memorial Gardens.
In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to any of the organizations listed above and would be greatly appreciated.