text: Electronic Commerce COMP3210 Session 1: An Introduction to Electronic Commerce Dr. Paul Walcott Department of Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus Barbados © 2007 Dr. Paul Walcott The Department of Computer Science Mathematics and Physics, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados Session Objectives Define e-commerce? Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce Compare and contrast the 1st and 2nd waves of e-commerce Comprehend the categories of ecommerce? Session Objectives Cont'd Discuss the following: Markets Value chains Transaction cost Evaluate international electronic commerce issues What is Commerce? Traditional commerce may be defined as: From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary Commerce : \Com"merce\, noun. The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; esp. the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic. What is E-Commerce? Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is a general term for any type of business, or commercial transaction that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. This covers a range of different types of businesses from consumer-based retail sites, like Amazon.com, through auction and music sites like eBay or MP3.com, to business exchanges trading goods or services between corporations. What is E-Commerce Cont'd? Electronic commerce is the use of electronic communication to do business. E-commerce is not about technology. It is not a new business. E-commerce is a method for companies to create and operate their business in new and efficient ways.1 What is E-Commerce Cont'd? Most fundamentally, e-commerce represents the realization of digital, as opposed to paper-based, commercial transactions between businesses, between a business and its consumers, or between a government and its citizens or constituent business.2 What is E-Commerce Cont'd? In summary, e-commerce is the use of electronic communication to do business Specifically, the transfer of information (transactions), over the Internet Some people use the term e-business to refer to all the categories of e-commerce E.g. IBM defines e-business as: The transformation of key business processes through the use of Internet technologies From Traditional Commerce to E-commerce3 Sailing ships Printing press Steam engine Telephone Opened avenues for trade between buyers and sellers. Ancient times (thousands of years ago) From Traditional Commerce to E-commerce Cont'd Electronic Funds Transfer (EFTs) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Internet Wire transfers - used by banks Businesses transfer electronic data - data not re-keyed - high implementation cost, thus excluded small businesses On-line shopping Business Processes Suited to Certain Type of Commerce3 E-commerce Sale/purchase of books & CDs, travel services, investments and insurance services Online delivery of software Online shipment tracking Business Processes Suited to Certain Type of Commerce Cont'd A combination of E-commerce and Traditional Commerce Sale/purchase of automobiles and residential real estate (e.g. do research online then buy from a dealer or real estate agent) Online banking Roommate matching service Business Processes Suited to Certain Type of Commerce Cont'd Traditional Commerce Sale/purchase of impulse items for immediate use, high fashion jewelry and antiques (personal inspection required; prefer to touch, smell or examine closely) Small denomination purchases and sales (since there is not yet a standard for transferring small amounts of money) What are the Advantages of Ecommerce?3 Increases sales, decreases cost Allows small businesses to have global customer base Reduced cost through electronic sales enquires, price quotes and order taking Provides purchasing opportunities for buyers (businesses can identify new suppliers and partners) Increases the speed and accuracy of exchanged information, thus reduces cost What are the Advantages of Ecommerce Cont'd? Business can be transacted 24 hours a day The level of detail of purchase information is selected by user Digital products can be delivered instantly Tax refunds, public retirement and welfare support costs less when distributed over the Internet Allows products and services to be available in remote areas, e.g. remote learning What are the Disadvantages of Ecommerce?3 Inability to sell certain products (e.g. high cost jewelry and perishable foods; although supermarkets such as www.Tesco.com deliver perishable food items to your home) The newness and evolution of the current technology Many products require large sales volumes in order to be viable This is a challenge for small island economies; in the Caribbean the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) might provide opportunities since it comprises some 14 million people (if Haiti is included – only 6 million if it is not) http://www.ab.gov.ag/gov_v2/government/docs/csme/aboutcsme/ba ckground_info.html What are the Disadvantages of Ecommerce Cont'd? A large capital investment is required to startup and run e-commerce initiatives Difficulty in integrating current databases and transaction processing systems (legacy systems) into e-commerce solutions Cultural and legal obstacles Transmission of credit card information Some consumers' resistance to change E-commerce legislation is not well developed and is often unclear Shipping profile Products with a low value-to-weight ratio that can not be efficiently packed and shipped are unsuitable for e-commerce (use traditional commerce) The 1st Wave of E-commerce3 The 1st wave was from the mid 1990s to 2003 During the dot-com boom over $100 billion was invested and a rapid growth of e-commerce was seen (mid-1990s – 2000) The dot-com bust occurred in 2000 This was followed by the gloom years, 2000 – 2003 (however, during this time over $200 billion was invested in e-commerce) Characteristics of the 1st Wave It was primarily a U.S. phenomenon Web pages were in English Internet technologies were slow and inexpensive (e.g. dial-up lines) Bar codes and scanners used to track parts (B2B and Business processes) Email, tool for unstructured communication On-line advertising main revenue source The 2nd Wave of E-commerce Beginning in 2003 ecommerce showed new signs of life Companies like Amazon.com (books), and eBay.com (auctions) who survived the downturn were beginning to show profits Continuous growth of B2C sales: 20-30% each year since 2000 Characteristics of the 2nd Wave International scope - sellers do business in many countries and languages Faster connections (x20 faster), broadband at home (although more expensive) Radio frequency ID devices (are used to track packages) and smart cards Fingerprint readers and retina scanners (biometric technologies) used for tracking (physical security) Email is now an integral part of marketing Characteristics of the 2nd Wave Cont'd E-commerce is an integral part of marketing and customer contact strategy Some categories of on-line advertising, e.g. employment services (job want ads) have replaced traditional advertising outlets Some problems however include: Language conversions Currency conversions E-commerce Categories3 There are five general e-commerce categories: Business to Consumer (or B2C) e-commerce Business to Business (or B2B) e-commerce (sometimes called e-procurement) Business processes that support buying and selling activities Consumer-to-consumer (or C2C) e-commerce Business-to-government (or B2G) e-commerce B2C e-commerce Description Example Businesses sell products or services to individual customers (consumers) Walmart.com sells merchandise to consumers through its Web site Web site www.walmart.com B2B e-commerce Description Example Businesses sell products or services to other businesses Grainger.com sells industrial supplies to large and small businesses through its Web site Web site www.grainger.com Business Processes that Support Buy/Sell Activities Description Businesses and other organisations maintain and use information to identify and evaluate customers, suppliers and employees (and to support buying, selling hiring, planning and other activities). More and more of this information is being shared Example Dell Computer uses secure internet connections to share current sales and forecasts information with suppliers who use it to plan their production. As a result they deliver the right quantities of components at the right time C2C e-commerce Description Example Participants in an online marketplace can buy and sell goods from each other Consumers and businesses trade with each other on eBay.com Web site www.ebay.com B2G e-commerce Description Example Business sell goods or services to governments and government agencies Cal-Buy portal for businesses that want to sell online to the State of California Web site www.pd.dgs.ca.gov/calbuy/default.htm E-commerce Categories Example You are a computer manufacturing company who performs the following activities on the Internet: Sells computers to individuals (B2C) Purchases parts (e.g. hard drives, power supplies etc.) from a supplier (B2B) Hires staff, manage customer accounts, advertise, etc. (Business processes) Sells computers to the Government to be used in schools (B2G) On eBay.com individuals buy and sell this brand of computers (C2C) Relative Sizes of E-commerce Categories3 Business processes that support buy/sell activities B2C e-commerce B2B e-commerce Relative Sizes of E-commerce Categories Cont'd Year B2C Sales B2B Sales ($Billions) in the US ($Billions) in the US 2007 240 (estimate) 6800 (estimate) 2006 190 (estimate) 5300 (estimate) 2005 150 4100 2004 130 2800 2003 100 1600 2000 50 60 Relative Sizes of E-commerce Categories Cont'd At the end of 2006 actual B2C sales revenue in the US was US$219 billion4 However, in the same period the B2C sales revenue in Europe was US$133 billion5 E-Commerce in Europe is currently dominated by the UK, Germany and France (72% total online sales) Annual growth of 25% is expected over the next 4 years5 Economic Forces Economics is the study of how people allocate scare resources Resources are allocated through: Commerce (markets) Government actions (e.g. taxes) Markets A market is a place where sellers can come into contact with buyers and a medium of exchange (e.g. currency) is available (e.g. the stock market) Some hierarchal organisations (companies) however, due to high transaction cost, choose to replace supplier markets with its own hierarchal structure for creating the product. This is called vertical integration E.g. Thomson Financial, a financial software provider, purchased the financial data supplier Datastream ICV Hierarchical Organisations (Firms) F irm s p a rtic ip a te in m a rk e ts to p u rc h a s e ra w m a te ria ls a n d s e ll fin is h p ro d u c ts . C h ie f O p e ratin g O fficer E xecu tive1 E xecu tive2 E xecu tive3 M a n ag e rA M a n ag e rB M a n ag e rE M a n ag e rF M a n ag e rJ M a n ag e rK W o rke rA W o rke rB W o rke rE W o rke rF W o rke rJ W o rk e rK Transaction Costs Transaction costs are the total costs that a buyer and seller incur as they gather information and negotiate a purchase/sale transaction Transaction costs are the main reason for vertical integration (Ronald Coase) Businesses can use e-commerce to reduce transaction costs (e.g. telecommuting rather than physical commuting to allow global employment opportunities) Transaction Costs Example Transaction costs incurred by a sweater dealer when purchasing from independent sweater knitters: Cost of identifying independent knitters Cost of site visit to negotiate purchase price, arrange delivery and inspection of sweaters Costs incurred by knitters: Knitting tools and yarn purchase Network Economic Structures Many businesses operate in an economic structure that is neither market or hierarchical These businesses form, long-term, strategic alliances with other companies who share common goals and strategies These alliances may occur over the Internet – which are called virtual companies Teams complete a project or activity then dissolve New teams are creating as required Value Chains A value chain is a way to organise the activities that a business undertakes to design, produce, promote, market, deliver and support the products or services it sells There are several types of value chains including: Business unit value chains Industry value chains Strategic Business Unit Value Chains A strategic business unit is a particular combination of product, distribution channel and customer type (large firms often break down their business into these units) The value chain for a strategic business unit includes: Primary activities (the activities that the strategic business unit undertakes Support activities (such as human resource management and purchasing) Manufacturer Value Chain Primary activities Design Identify customers Finance & admin Manufacture product or create service deliver Market & sell HR Technology development After sales service & support Purchase materials and supplies Support activities Primary Activities Identify new customers, and sell new services to existing customers (research & surveys) Design – from concept to manufacturing Purchase materials and supplies – includes contracts, vendor selection, monitoring quality and delivery timeliness Manufacture product or create service –transform materials and labour into finished products Primary Activities Cont'd Market and sell – advertising, promoting, managing sales staff, pricing and monitoring sales Deliver – store, deliver distribute and ship final product – warehousing, consolidating freight, selecting shippers and monitoring delivery timeliness Provide after-sale service and support – promote relationship with customer, e.g. installing, maintaining, testing, repairing, and warranties Primary Activities Cont'd If a strategic business unit provides a service then the value chain will include a "Provide service" activity instead of "Manufacture activity" Support Activities Each business unit must also undertake support activities that provide the infrastructure for the primary activities: Finance and administration – accounting, paying bills, borrowing, compliance with laws Human resources – recruiting, hiring, training, compensation and benefits Technology development – improves the product or service, including basic and applied research and development, process improvement and field tests of maintenance procedures Industry Value Chains Industry value chains describes the larger stream of activities into which a particular business unit's value chain is embedded When a business unit delivers a product to a customer the customer might use the product as purchased materials in its value chain By examining how other business units in the industry value chain conduct their business, cost reduction and product improvement may result Industry Value Chain Example A value chain for a wooden chair: Logger cuts down tree Sawmill converts logs to lumber Lumberyard provides selection of lumber Chair manufacture assembles chair Furniture retailer markets and sells chair Consumer purchases and uses chair Landfill or recycler disposes of chair SWOT Analysis3 SWOT analysis is used to analyse and evaluate business opportunities SWOT is an acronym for: Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats SWOT Analysis Cont'd An analyst examines the business unit to determine strengths and weaknesses Then examines the business environment to identify opportunities and threats SWOT Analysis Cont'd Questions asked during SWOT analysis: Strengths What does the company do well? Is the company strong in its market? Does the company have a strong sense of purpose and the culture to support it? Weaknesses: What does the company do poorly? What problems could be avoided? Does the company have serious financial liabilities? SWOT Analysis Cont'd Opportunities: Are industry trends moving upwards? Do new markets exist for the company's products/services? Are there new technologies that the company can exploit? Threats: What are the competitors doing well? What obstacles does the company face? Are there troubling changes in the company's business environment (technologies, law and regulations)? SWOT Analysis Cont'd In the mid-1990s DELL Computer did the following SWOT analysis: Strengths: Sell directly to consumers Keep costs below competitors Weaknesses: No strong relationships with computer retailers SWOT Analysis Cont'd Opportunities: Consumers desire for one-stop shopping Consumers know what they want to buy Internet could be a powerful marketing tool Threats: Competitors have stronger brand names Competitors have strong relationships with computer retailers International Issues3 Trust issues Language issues Culture issues Infrastructure issues Trust Issues Anyone can create a website These individuals or businesses can easily remain anonymous Without an established brand, consumers find it difficult to trusts on-line businesses: especially with personal information and credit card numbers The key is to develop methods which would allow legitimate businesses to establish trust relationships quickly with consumers Language Issues (localisation) Global impact requires local language Web sites customers prefer to buy from sites in native language 60% of web content today is in English; but more than 50% of the current users do not read English Multiple translations may be required for different dialects, e.g. Spanish- Mexico and Spain Language Issues (localisation) Translating entire websites is expensive 25-90 cents per word for human translators (400-600 words per hour) Automated software translation (machine translation) is cheaper (400,000 word per hour) but less accurate The home page should be translated to all supported languages, as well as marketing and product pages Culture Issues Culture is the combination of language and customs Culture varies across national boundaries and in many cases regions within nations Example: General Motors Chevrolet Nova automobile amused people in Latin America since no va means "it will not go" Culture Issues Cont'd Choice of icons on Web pages becomes problematic on international Web sites: In the US a shopping cart is useful, in the UK a shopping basket is more appropriate, Australians call shopping carts, shopping trolleys In many places the hand gesture where the index finger touches the thumb means okay; while in Brazil it is an obscene gesture Culture Issues Cont'd In some cases unrestricted access to the Internet is not permitted, for example in the Middle East and North Africa This limits the growth of e-commerce In France any advertisement for a product or service must in in French – by law This means that French companies must provide websites in at least two languages if they want to sell goods outside of France Infrastructure Issues Limited telecommunication infrastructure may lead to unreliable Internet access Internet connection cost might be high Reduces time businesses might spend surfing for new suppliers or products Flat-rate access to the Internet is required These are major issue in developing countries, including Barbados Conclusion In this session: It was made clear that e-commerce was not a new business, rather a new way of doing business The advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce were discussed The characteristics of the first and second waves were compared and contrast The five e-commerce categories were presented Conclusion Cont'd The importance of reducing transaction costs was considered The importance of SWOT analysis was demonstrated through a useful example Issues involved in international commerce were also considered Definitions A commodity item is a product or service that is hard to distinguish from the same products or services provided by other sellers (e.g. gasoline, office suppliers, soap and computers) A transaction is an exchange of value, such as a purchase or sale, or the conversion of raw materials into finished products (a transaction has one or more associated activity) A business process is the set of logically related and sequential activities and transactions in which businesses engage Definitions Cont'd Merchandising is a combination of store design, layout and product display knowledge A shipping profile is the collection of attributes that affect how easily that product can be packaged and delivered (e.g. airline tickets have a high value-toweight ratio) Definitions Cont'd The definition of a market satisfies two conditions: Potential seller of a good (product) comes into contact with buyers A medium of exchange is available (e.g. currency or barter (to exchange goods or services directly without the use of money)) Definitions Cont'd Transaction costs are the total costs that a buyer and seller incur as they gather information and negotiate a purchase/sale transaction. These costs include: Brokerage fees and sales commissions Cost of information search and acquisition Seller's investment in equipment or hire of skilled employees References [1] NSW Department of State and Regional Development, "Brief on Electronic Commerce", http://www.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/textonly/issues/technology/brief/index.html [2] Ford, Warwick, "Secure Electronic Commerce: Building the Infrastructure for Digital Signatures and Encryption (2nd Edition), pp. 1, 2000 [3] Schneider, Gary, P., "Electronic Commerce", Thomson Course Technology, Seventh Annual Edition, 2007 [4] Gourmet Retailer, "Online Sales of Food/Beverage/Grocery Down", May 2007. Available online at http://www.gourmetretailer.com/gourmetretailer/headlines/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003 585259 [5] Cheap Web Hosting Directory, "E-Commerce Report, Details $133 Billion Online B2C Sales", August 21, 2007. Available online at http://www.cheaphostingdirectory.com/news-e-commerce-reportdetails-133-billion-online-b2c-sales-3304.html


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If Can Koozies can be fun, the MPW Burlap Can Koozie is! It folds flat for easy storage in your pocket or purse, measures 4 inches in height and fits a standard beverage can. If you are out in the field hunting, at a sports event or just lounging in your backyard on a warm summer day, keep your beverage handy with this unique Koozie. Complete with the MPW Logo in bright green.
Mack's Prairie Wings is not responsible for typographical errors in pricing or product specification inaccuracies in our web site. Prices are subject to change without notice.
Copyright © 2017 - Mack's Sport Shop LLLP - All rights reserved. Site Developed and Maintained by Ability Commerce
Copyright © 2004-2017 - Mack's Prairie Wings, Inc. - All rights reserved. Site Developed and Maintained by Ability Commerce

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Free videos on Adobe Lightroom Public Beta: The Aperture Contender
The National Association of Photoshop Professionals (NAPP) has launched an online Learning Center for Adobe's newest product, and Apple Aperture competitor, Lightroom Beta. The Lightroom Learning Center provides great insight to the brand new product with video tutorials, interviews, screenshots and even a Lightroom-specific discussion forum.
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text: This was my 4th trip to Fantasy Island. The resort has never been "perfect", however, the price-paid and the exotic location have always left me and my fellow travelers with a sense of good value and memories of an enjoyable dive vacation. On this trip, our group had the 100-series newly-renovated rooms, which we found to be clean and adequately... More


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Laura Mercier Eye Art Artist's Palette
29 reviews
68% would repurchase
Package Quality: 4.1
Price: $$$
Package Quality: 4.1
Price: $$$
Where to Buy
Start your review
on 5/1/2016 7:39:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Dry, Tan, Warm
Hair: Blond, Wavy, Fine
Eyes: Green
I just don't love it. The colors are mostly cool-toned and boring and are no different than basically every other LM eye palette in existence. There is a bit of fallout and some of the shades are powdery. That said, some of the colors can be used as transition shades with other brands but as a standalone, I just can't give this palette a high rating. I've owned three LM palettes and probably twelve of her single shades and I probably won't buy any more. With so many brands out there that are producing quality shadows at the same or better prices, if LM doesn't step up their game and get a little more interesting, I have a feeling they'll be left behind. I'm a huge fan and her Illuminating Tinted Moisturizer is my holy grail. Her brushes do not disappoint, either. But I'm just underwhelmed by this palette, as well as most of the recent releases from this brand.
on 4/11/2016 4:09:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Warm
Hair: Blond, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Hazel
I bought the rerelease of this palette, and it is just amazing. When I opened it, I actually started to regret buying it because I thought it looked boring. I admit to being a bling addict, attracted to palettes with shiny, glittery, metallic..*oh, look, squirrel*...kinds of palettes. This one was humble. It did, however, have some lovely purple-based neutrals that intrigued me, and I am not much for returning cosmetics, so I gave it a shot. I am so thankful I did! The mattes in this palette are buttery-blendable. I am not sure why I was so starved for a blendable matte, but I was. So first, the texture won me over. Then I started trying some of the colors that are ones I normally wouldn't reach for. I mean, heck yeah, who wouldn't love African Violet? It's gorgeous. But Kir Royal? I wasn't so sure. Then I wore it, and bam! I am sophisticated with perfectly blended eyeshadow. Plus, apparently, Sparkling Dew (the light pink) just goes with everything. This palette is a winner, and I am glad I gave Laura Mercier a chance. Totally loving this palette, backing away from the glitter fallout and enjoying the sophistication.
on 1/29/2016 11:14:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Warm
Hair: Brown, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I bought the re-release of this palette with the floral top. I like this palette A LOT. It has a really nice range of plum toned eyeshadows. Super creamy and super blendable.
UPDATE: I'm on the fence about this palette after using the sheerer colors. Its just too sheer! They blend wonderfully but to the point where it disappears. Nice palette but not a necessity.
on 9/23/2015 1:16:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Blond, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Blue
Overall, this palette is stunning and such a great selection of nudes and plum tones. They are all buttery smooth, and pigmented. The selection is what sets this palette apart because they're still somewhat neutral, but not just Browns like most palettes. I have swatches of this product up on my website, Jensbeautyplace.com!
on 9/7/2015 1:28:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Dry, Fair, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
Meh. I am a palette fiend and for a long time I've been vying to get my hands on the LE LM Artist palettes in the past. I was really excited when I found out that it wasn't LE anymore and I could go pick it up at my local Sephora.
Let's be real, I pretty much only got this palette (as do many others) for the shade African Violet. It's such a gorgeous shade, swatched and in the pan. The base colour is a medium cool purple with gold shimmer in it, so it wouldn't be hard for anyone with warmer undertones to pull this off and makes the colour a bit more "neutral" on the eyelids.
The palette's colours do skew on the cool side, obviously. It's pretty refreshing considering many neutral palettes are predominantly warm. I also love how there's SO much mattes in this palette. Many a palettes I own are almost mostly shimmer with one or two true mattes. This makes the palette pretty versatile for travel. Although the palette is kind of purple-y the shades are office-appropriate and mature skin-friendly.
Why do I think this palette is mediocre? I've never had any experience with using LM eye shadows before although I have had my makeup done at an LM counter. The makeup artist somehow managed to make the eye shadow REALLY intense and pop so I assumed the eye shadows wouldn't require effort to do that. Yes, all the shadows swatch very soft and apply easily but I find that they don't have strong pigment and gets sheered out a bit too easily. I've tried to apply it with TFSI, Soft Ochre paint pot and NYX Milk pencil in all sorts of variations but it just didn't pop. I also found that the shadows were very easily prone to fallout despite tapping the excess off my brush.
I do love the packaging though. It's not the typical cardboard palette, it's sort of covered with this shiny PVC-type of material and the cover/front feels plush. Magnetic closure as you would expect from this type of packaging. It has a floral/lace kind of design. The base colour is really dark, it's kind of between a really dark purple and brown. It's hard to photograph this palette because the brown is so dark, it kind of meshes with the black on my camera.
Not the best palette you can get especially with the price, but it's worth checking out if you want cool neutrals and purples with a good measure of matte shades.
on 4/20/2015 4:08:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Brown, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I bought the 2015 Sephora version that is slightly different from the original. The biggest difference I see is in packaging and this packaging feels and looks much cheaper in my opinion.
All of the colors are so pretty and contrary to some unfortunate buyers' experiences, I have no duplicate colors, all are clearly different shades. Some wear sheerer than others, but I can make even a sheer shade show up incredibly true-to-pan by using an epoxy instead of a traditional primer (Fyrinnae, Lit, Too Faced, and others make this product- Phyrra has a decent breakdown of the different ones you can buy here- [I am not affiliated with Phyrra in any way] http://phyrra.net/2013/12/best-ways-apply-loose-eyeshadow.html ).
I'm so happy this came back even in a re-release version and I hope to see more large eye palettes from LM.
on 4/15/2015 8:45:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Green
I purchased the 2015 pallet off of Sephora, due to the long time hype, not knowing the pictures online were from last release and there were changes. I have never purchased the Laura Mercier pallets because I love packaging and the LM I personally find tacky. Personally, I was excited to hear the packaging is different. The pallet is no longer in the faux crock skin and is now a shinny black/brown floral print. The top flap is still puffy which I dislike and find needless but whatever...
- The packaging, I like that there is a large mirror and it is relatively compact (again, I hate the puffy top but it isn't big enough to be a con)
- Eyeshadows. There are 6 matte and 6 shimmer eye shadows. This pallet is pretty much glitter free! Exceptions being African Violet which has some glitter but it actually stays with the shadow. The texture is soft without loosing vibrancy. The mats are vibrant and aren't patchy. This is a great neutral pallet and I really like the top row but overall there isn't anything overly exciting.
- If you have a lot of eyeshadow and go to pallets this might not be a necessary addition to your collection, especially if these generally don't excite you.
on 4/9/2015 5:50:00 AM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Coarse
Eyes: Hazel
I just received the 2015 rerelease and WOW. I am in love. This shot up to one of my favorites. Easy to blend, lovely colors, a few but not too many unique colors. I just wish it weren't LE so I don't feel like I have to baby it.
on 5/31/2014 4:15:00 AM
Age: 44-55
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
I have the 2014 palette and am in love. The colours are beautiful and the pigmentation.
It was expensive. $80. But - here one Mac eyeshadow is $33 and one Bobbi Brown eyeshadow is around $33, so getting a years supply of colours for $80 is good value in my book.
The range of neutrals, pinks and purples is lovely and the blue and black are just stunning. I'm still playing with combinations deciding what i like, however the colours are very wearable and I'm confident that I will get good wear out of this as an everyday work palette with the browns and neutrals and then evening looks with that beautiful black and navy to jazz things up.
on 1/10/2014 3:41:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Oily, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
I'm so sad this is only a limited edition palette. The colors included are gorgeous and can be used to create the most natural or dramatic eye makeup. Considering individual shadows from LM cost approximately $20, $48 for this set is a steal.
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Southern California High Tech Event Calendar
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|Turnaround Strategies. All the signs are that the recession has reached bottom, with some pundits even suggesting the recovery is already under way. Regardless, it is incumbent upon every company to be able to define and execute it's own turnaround strategy as they transition from mere survival to achieving sustainable growth through value creation. We have assembled a panel of turnaround experts across multiple industries and backgrounds to help you identify the techniques and strategies that can reenergize your business and drive sustained growth. See http://www.techbizconnect.org
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text:
General: Combined sales: Property sold with other property
You may have a case where:
- assets that have qualified for capital allowances are sold together with other assets that have not; or
- several items of plant and machinery are sold together but have expenditure in different pools.
If so, you may need to break down one sale price that covers everything in order todeal with the separate assets. You do so on the basis of a just and reasonableapportionment.
For example, the sale price of a shop may include something for the premises andgoodwill, which have not qualified for capital allowances, and something for fixtures andfittings, which have. Where assets that have qualified for capital allowances are soldtogether with assets that have not make a just apportionment of the sale price toestablish how much of the sale price relates to the assets that have qualified for capitalallowances.
The seller is likely to apportion as small an amount as possible to assets that havequalified for capital allowances in order to minimise the balancing charge. The buyer,however, will want to apportion as much of the price as possible to assets that qualifyfor capital allowances. The buyer and the seller have to use the same apportionment.
If you find out that an apportionment has been made you should check with thebuyer/seller's district to make sure that the buyer/seller has used the same apportionmentin their capital allowance computations as your taxpayer. You should not accept yourtaxpayer's computations if different figures have been used.
Example Peter sells a pub together with its fixtures and fittings toDennis for £300,000. Peter has claimed capital allowances on the fixtures and fittings.Peter's apportionment is pub £280,000; fixtures £20,000. Dennis's apportionment is pub£230,000; fixtures £70,000. Neither Peter's nor Dennis's capital allowance computationsshould be accepted until they both use the same apportionment.
You should ignore any apportionment figures shown in the sale documents if those figuresseem unreasonable. You must remember that if the total sales figure has been negotiated atarm's length you cannot change that total sales figure. If you think that theapportionment given by the taxpayer undervalues the assets that have qualified for capitalallowances you can only challenge that apportionment if you can also show that somethingelse has been overvalued.
If one of the assets included in the combined sale is land you should follow the guidanceat CA12300.


text:
Propofol and magnesium attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation via inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- First Online:
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- Accepted:
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- Zhang, Y., Dong, Y., Xu, Z. et al. Med Gas Res (2012) 2: 20. doi:10.1186/2045-9912-2-20
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The inhalation anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to open the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and induce caspase activation and apoptosis, which may lead to learning and memory impairment. Cyclosporine A, a blocker of mPTP opening might attenuate the isoflurane-induced mPTP opening, lessening its ripple effects. Magnesium and anesthetic propofol are also mPTP blockers. We therefore set out to determine whether propofol and magnesium can attenuate the isoflurane-induced caspase activation and mPTP opening.
We investigated the effects of magnesium sulfate (Mg2+), propofol, and isoflurane on the opening of mPTP and caspase activation in H4 human neuroglioma cells stably transfected to express full-length human amyloid precursor protein (APP) (H4 APP cells) and in six day-old wild-type mice, employing Western blot analysis and flowcytometry.
Here we show that Mg2+ and propofol attenuated the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in H4-APP cells and mouse brain tissue. Moreover, Mg2+ and propofol, the blockers of mPTP opening, mitigated the isoflurane-induced mPTP opening in the H4-APP cells.
These data illustrate that Mg2+ and propofol may ameliorate the isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting its mitochondrial dysfunction. Pending further studies, these findings may suggest the use of Mg2+ and propofol in preventing and treating anesthesia neurotoxicity.
Alzheimer's disease
Amyloid β precursor protein
- Aβ
β-amyloid protein
Standard deviation
Standard error of mean
- CsA
Cyclosporine A
- mPTP
Mitochondrial permeability transition pores
- calcein AM
Calcein acetoxymethyl ester.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common dementia with an incidence of 13% in people over 65 years of age [1]. There are approximately 8.5 million AD patients who will need anesthesia and surgery care every year. Anesthesia and surgery have been reported to induce cognitive dysfunction, which AD patients are susceptible to develop. Therefore, it is important to identify any anesthetic that may promote AD neuropathogenesis and to develop strategies in preventing and treating anesthesia neurotoxicity.
Caspase activation and apoptosis have been reported to contribute to AD neuropathogenesis. ([2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11], reviewed in [12, 13]) And current studies suggest that caspase activation (without apoptosis) can induce microglia activation, contributing to AD neuropathogenesis [14]. The commonly used inhalation anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to induce caspase activation and apoptosis, and to increase β-amyloid protein (Aβ) oligomerization and accumulation in vitro and in vivo[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]. Our recent studies have shown that isoflurane can induce mitochondrial dysfunction, e.g., mPTP opening, leading to caspase activation in vitro and in vivo and impairment of learning and memory function in mice [24]. Moreover, cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of mPTP opening [25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33], has been shown to attenuate the isoflurane-induced mPTP opening, caspase-3 activation, and impairment of learning and memory [24].
Propofol, the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic, and magnesium sulfate (Mg2+) are also blockers of mPTP [34]. In the present studies, we have assessed the effects of propofol and Mg2+ on isoflurane-induced opening of mPTP and caspase-3 activation.
Both propofol and isoflurane have been shown to be both cytoprotective and cytotoxic, depending on dose- and time-differences in various cell cultures and in the developing brains in different animal models [35, 36, 37, 38].Volatile anesthetics or propofol may also provide cardiac or brain protection via opening mitochondrial potassium channels or generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria [34, 39, 40].
We employed H4 human neuroglioma cells, stably transfected to express full-length (FL) amyloid precursor protein (APP) (H4-APP cells) in the experiments. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media (DMEM) containing 9% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 2 mM L-glutamine, and were supplemented with 220 μg/ml G418.
Treatments for H4-APP cells
Mice anesthesia and harvest of brain tissues
C57BL/6 J mice (The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME) were used in the experiments as described before [17, 42]. The animal protocol was approved by Standing Committee on Animals at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA). The mice were randomized by weight and gender into experimental groups that received 1.4% isoflurane plus 100% oxygen for six hours, and control groups that received 100% oxygen for six hours at identical flow rates in identical anesthetizing chambers. Anesthetic and oxygen concentrations were measured continuously (Datex, Tewksbury, MA), and the temperature of the anesthetizing chamber was controlled to maintain the rectal temperature of the mice at 37 ± 0.5°C. In the interaction studies, Mg2+ (100 mg/kg) or propofol (50 mg/kg) was administered to the mice via intraperitoneal injection 10 minutes before the isoflurane anesthesia. 200 μM propofol has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury[43]; we therefore used this concentration of propofol to determine whether propofol can attenuate the isoflurane-induced mPTP opening. 50 and 100, but not 25, mg/kg propofol have been shown to produce neuroprotection effects in ischemic mice models [44]. Thus, we used 50 mg/kg propofol in the current studies. And we used 100 mg/kg Mg2+ on mice because Mg2+ has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia [45]. And based on our preliminary results, we used 50 μM Mg2+ in the in vitro the studies. Whole brain tissues of mice were harvested at end of the anesthesia.
Brain tissue lysis and protein amount quantification
The harvested brain tissues were homogenized on ice using an immunoprecipitation buffer (10 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 0.5% Nonidet P-40) plus protease inhibitors (1 μg/ml aprotinin, 1 μg/ml leupeptin, 1 μg/ml pepstatin A). The lysates were collected, centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 15 min, and quantified for total proteins by a bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit (Pierce, Iselin, NJ).
Western blots analysis
The harvested H4-APP cells and brain tissues were subjected to Western blot analyses as described by Xie et al. [17, 18, 20] and Zhang et al. [46, 47]. A caspase-3 antibody (1:1,000 dilution; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA) was used to recognize FL-caspase-3 (35 – 40 kDa) and caspase-3 fragment (17 – 20 kDa) resulting from cleavage at asparate position 175. Antibody anti-β-Actin (1:10,000, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was used to detect β-Actin (42 kDa). Each band in the Western blot represented an independent experiment. The results were averaged from three to 8 independent experiments. Briefly, the intensity of the signals was analyzed using the National Institute of Health image program (National Institute of Health Image 1.62, Bethesda, MD). The caspase-3 normalization was performed by determining the ratio of caspase-3 fragment to FL caspase-3. Then, the changes in levels of caspase-3 in treated cells or mice were presented as percentages of the corresponding levels in control cells or mice.
Flow cytometric analysis of mPTP opening
H4-APP cells were treated with 2% isoflurane for three hours. For the interaction studies, 50 μM Mg2+ or 200 μM propofol was administrated to cells one hour before the isoflurane treatment. The opening of mPTP was determined by flowcytometry, using the MitoProbeTM Transition Pore Assay Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). In normal conditions, the non-fluorescent acetoxymethyl ester (AM) of calcein dye (calcein AM) and cobalt can enter the cell. The acetoxymethyl ester (AM) groups are cleaved from calcein via non-specific esterase, and calcein can then show fluorescence signals in both the cytosol and mitochondria. Cobalt can quench the cytosolic calcein signal. However, cobalt cannot enter healthy mitochondria freely, and therefore cannot quench the mitochondrial calcein signal. When opening of mPTP occurs, cobalt enters through the pore and subsequently quenches the mitochondrial calcein signal. Flowcytometry was used to detect the amount of cells that exhibit quenched calcein signals inside the mitochondria. The location of the curves indicates the amount of such cells, which suggests the opening of mPTP. Ionomycin was used as a positive control for the opening of mPTP in the experiments. Dead cells and debris were excluded from analysis by gates set on forward and side angle light scatter.
Given the presence of background caspase 3 activation in cells and brain tissues of mice, we did not use absolute values to describe these changes. Instead, these changes were presented as percentages of those from the control group. For example, one hundred percent of caspase-3 activation refers to the control level for the purpose of comparison to experimental conditions. Data were expressed as mean ± S.D. The number of samples varied from three to 8, and the samples were normally distributed. We used a two-tailed t-test to compare the difference between the control condition and isoflurane treatment, and the difference between propofol, Mg2+ and their controls. P-values less than 0.05 (* or #) and 0.01 (** or ##) were considered statistically significant.
Mg2+inhibited the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in H4-APP cells and in brain tissues of mice
Next, we performed the in vivo relevance studies by assessing the effects of isoflurane and Mg2+ on caspase-3 activation in the brain tissues of six-day old WT mice. As can be seen in Figure 2C, Mg2+ (lane 4) attenuated the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation (lane 3) in the brain tissues of the mice. The Mg2+ treatment alone (lane 2) did not induce caspase-3 activation as compared to the saline group (lane 1) in the brain tissues of the mice. Quantification of the Western blot further illustrated that the isoflurane (black bar) led to caspase-3 activation as compared to the control condition (white bar): 1.52 versus 1.00 fold (* P = 0.02). Mg2+ treatment (net bar) attenuated the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation (black bar): 1.38 versus 1.52 fold (# P = 0.03), (Figure 2D). These results from the in vivo studies further suggest that Mg2+ may attenuate the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.
Propofol inhibited isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in brain tissues of mice
Mg2+and propofol inhibit isoflurane-induced opening of mPTP
Given that Mg2+ and propofol can attenuate the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation, and the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation may result from the isoflurane-induced opening of mPTP, next, we asked whether Mg2+ and propofol, the blockers of mPTP opening, can attenuate the isoflurane-induced mPTP opening.
Previous studies have shown that the common inhalation anesthetic isoflurane may induce neurotoxicity in vitro[18] and in vivo[17], which may lead to learning and memory impairment in mice [24, 49, 50] and cognitive dysfunction in humans [24]. In our search for the strategy to prevent and treat isoflurane neurotoxicity, we were able to show that mPTP inhibitor CsA could attenuate the isoflurane-induced mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., inhibition of mPTP) and caspase-3 activation. However, CsA is not routinely used in patients due to its nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity side effect [51]. Therefore, it is important to assess whether other mPTP inhibitors can also attenuate the isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.
We have found that both propofol and Mg2+, two chemicals with no significant side effects, can attenuate the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in vitro and in the brain tissues of mice (Figures 2 and 3). These data suggest that propofol and Mg2+ may attenuate the isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.
The studies have a few limitations. First, we did not assess whether Mg2+ and propofol can ameliorate the isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment. However, the findings from the current studies showed that Mg2+ and propofol inhibit the isoflurane-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity would establish a system for future studies in animals and in humans. Second, we only measured caspase-3 activation in current studies. This is because our previous studies have already shown that isoflurane can induce caspase-3 activation, apoptosis, Aβ accumulation, and neuroinflammation [17, 18, 20, 52]. In addition, a recent study by Burguillos et al. [14] has shown that caspase activation alone without apoptosis may still be able to contribute to AD neuropathogenesis. Meanwhile, Mg2+ is a well-known NMDA receptor antagonist [53]. Isoflurane has been shown to induce neurotoxicity by increased activation of the NMDA receptor [41]. Therefore, it cannot be excluded that Mg2+ may inhibit the isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting its effects on the NMDA receptor. Isoflurane may induce neurotoxicity via ROS generation [46, 54] and potassium channel activity [55]. Propofol may also affect ROS generation and potassium channel activity in mitochondria [56, 57]. Thus, it is also possible that propofol may mitigate the isoflurane-induced caspase activation through ROS and potassium channel activity.
In conclusion, we have found that Mg2+ and propofol can attenuate commonly used inhalation anesthetic isoflurane-induce caspase-3 activation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we have found that Mg2+ and propofol, the blockers of mPTP opening, can attenuate isoflurane-induced opening of mPTP.
Our current findings should lead to additional studies to determine the potential effects of anesthetics on AD neuropathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms, and the strategy for prevention and treatment. Ultimately, these combined efforts of anesthesia and neurology may develop guidelines regarding how to provide safer anesthesia care for AD patients (e.g., to avoid worsening of AD neuropathogenesis and decline of cognitive function by anesthesia and surgery), like the one developed by combined efforts of anesthesia and cardiology on safer anesthesia care for coronary artery disease patients.
This research was supported by R21AG029856, R21AG038994 and R01 GM088801 (National Institutes of Health), USA and Cure Alzheimer's Fund, USA (to Z.X.). The cost of anesthetic isoflurane was generously provided by the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. The Flow cytometric analysis was performed in the Cell Biology Core of Harvard Clinic Nutrition Research Center (P30 DK040561). The authors thank Dr. Hai Ning Shi from Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA for the technical support in the studies of flow cytometric analysis.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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[Letter from Maud Fentress to one of her daughters, September 1863]
Description: Letter from Maud Fentress to one of her daughters, however it is unclear who she is writing to. In the letter she gives updates on the changes that have been going on throughout the community during the war, and gives information on friends and family.
Date: September 1863
Creator: Fentress, Maud C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Letter
Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections


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As the S&P 500 hovers within striking distance of all-time highs and seems poised to either break out of a huge multi-year range to new highs or sink back after making a triple top, we should look to some major indicators for hints as to the strength of this phase of what has been a powerful bull market.
Monetary Easing: The Federal Reserve continues to provide massive monetary stimulus. Chairman Ben Bernanke indicated in his testimony to lawmakers over the past couple of days that the Fed policy would continue to be easy into the foreseeable future.
For the last couple of years it has been rather obvious that the actions of the Federal Reserve have fostered and propelled this bull market. Clearly, monetary easing has been a huge boon for this bull market in equities, but at some point there could be elements of diminishing returns from the Fed actions.
Seniors who have saved are not receiving any significant interest income which puts stress on their retirement portfolios, many of those portfolios were modeled on a 6% interest rate, as the norm. Also, the support of commodity prices while wages stagnate is another long-term problem that monetary easing contributes to. This is evidenced by the huge rise in food stamp rolls--now over 47 million. These types of imbalances tend to find their way onto the government debt and deficit rolls as social programs are forced to expand to maintain a basic form of social cohesion.
Currency Flows: The U.S. dollar has been strengthening over the past few weeks against most other currencies. The Dollar Index (DXY) has moved from about 79 at the beginning of this February to about 82 as of now.
The EUR/USD cross shows a significant increase in USD strength in the last month.
The U.S. dollar has strengthened dramatically against the Japanese yen over the last few months.
Generally speaking, a strengthening currency, in this case the U.S. dollar, is a headwind to higher equity prices.
Bonds: There has been lots of talk in the financial community about a "great rotation" of money in U.S. Treasury Bonds flowing into stocks, which should push equity markets higher. However, there has not been any significant weakening in the bond market. Over the last couple of weeks bond yields (which move inversely to bond prices), have gone down.
GDP Growth: While the 0.1% GDP growth rate in the 4th quarter of 2013 could be an anomaly, involving factors such as hurricane sandy, it is not a positive indicator for the equity markets.
Wages: If we are going to have an inflationary environment (even 2% per year, which is the Fed target), wages will need to rise to propel growth. As it is wages are fairly stagnant.
Labor Force Participation Rate: Rather than use several of BLS unemployment rate statistics, such as U3 and U6, I have chosen the this because it appears to be the most accurate representation of the amount of people in the workforce. A steadily falling labor force participation rate (currently 63.6%), is not a positive indicator for the stock markets.
Declining stock market volume has been a very puzzling factor for many in this multi-year rally. While it clearly has not affected the ability of the markets to move higher, it should not be ignored.
Volatility: Historically, the Volatility Index (VIX) has been viewed by many as a market direction indicator. When the VIX is high, the market is generally near a bottom and when the VIX is low, a market top may be close. However, the VIX has been in record low territory for the last several months and the markets have continued a spectacular run higher.
In my view, some of this disparity may be accounted for in the volume chart. Since the VIX is a function of options prices and general stock volume is down, the VIX may be affected by low stock volume in a round about manner. Seemingly low VIX levels may be skewed by low stock volume.
Conclusion: As we look over most of the indicators of economic growth and activity, it is clear that the Federal Reserve's aggressive monetary easing action is the stand-out factor of what has been fuelling the equity market's bull run. Without the Fed's actions, equity markets would likely be in a very different place.
The question at hand is; Will the Fed's continued easing be sufficient to propel this market, that has seen amazing gains, yet higher through massive technical barrier territory?
As we have seen with most of the indicators shown above, there is not much real economic power at present to push the market higher. However, there are so many market participants expecting a downturn that the market may trade sideways for weeks or even months before a significant downturn is seen.
My view is that if the S&P 500 keeps moving up at the current rate with no significant correction, even if it was to make it past its all-time high of 1576, the move would not be likely to last without a significant change for the better in many of the fundamental indicators we discussed above.
As we wait to see which way it goes I would consider purchasing VIX futures, which are available through several ETFs.
(NYSEARCA:VXX) is the most popular, by volume.
(NASDAQ:TVIX) is a levered VIX ETF. Please note; levered ETFs are designed for short-term trading.
Should the market solidly break below 1450 I would look at shorting the S&P 500 Index (NYSEARCA:SPY), (NYSEARCA:SDS), with a target of 1200.
Disclosure: I am long VXX. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.
Additional disclosure: I am short the S&P 500 via long-term options (SPY).


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School Behaviour and Families: Frameworks for Working Together
€ 44,49
Lieferbar innert 2 Wochen
Januar 2002
BeschreibungThis work focuses on the relationship that schools have with parents and carers, especially in the early stages of behavioural difficulty. It aims to promote the best possible partnership with parents in what is often a sensitive and emotionally fraught situation.
InhaltsverzeichnisIntroduction; Behaviour in school; School and family partnership; The voice of parents; Outcomes; Plugging into partnership: a framework for collaboration; Working with parents who harm their children; Working with carers of children in public care; Working with mobile families; Working with diverse communities; Solution-focused approaches to promote effective home-school partnerships; The best chance of success.
PortraitSue Roffey is an educational psychologist, consultant and honorary research fellow at the Centre for Critical Psychology, University of Western Sydney.
Untertitel: 'Frameworks for Working Togethe'. Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: DAVID FULTON
Erscheinungsdatum: Januar 2002
Seitenanzahl: 160 Seiten
Format: kartoniert


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Welcome to Boarding SchoolMature
Jazz was a wild child she was sent to boarding school 5 months ago and now she is dealing with her new life she has some new best friends and love for Dr Pepper. A homework assignment for English changes her life when she digs deep into a memory from 1000s' of years ago, a past life. The hottest guy in school tells her he is a god of the dark and that she is a goddess. Is this true or has he lost the pot?
Five months today I have been here, five months. It has changed me a little bit I used to be a wild child I guess a bit like the film, she got sent to boarding school too, but she was American and that was a film, this is real life and I am real life problem according to my parents and apparently parents are always right, and that's why I am here but my life story isn't about how much of bad girl I am it's more to do with the person I become and how living at boarding school can be un expecting and well different. So read on for the drama that comes along with me.
I sat in the dining hall waiting for my friends to come. I bit my nail a bad habit I picked up from boring lessons. When I first got here I thought it was going to be like Hogwarts or St Trinians but it's nothing like them, Hogwarts does magic and we don't and St Trinians is full of fun and this is just dull.
I looked around and saw some people from Spanish one of them was called Tracy she waved to me, I waved back and then looked up at the ceiling, it was high and had arches of thick brown beams like an ancient school, well it was kind of ancient. I looked at the walls which were painted a creamy white colour and most of the wall paint had been scratched off I bet bits land in the food they serve now that would be weirdly gross.
I miss Exeter and my old school, my friends and my ex-boyfriend. My school was way more modern than this it had hi tech computers, smart boards it had everything. The lessons were five a day but here it's six a day. The most important lessons like Science, English and Maths had 2hr lessons which sucks because Science and Maths are just a big snooze. In Exeter I would just spend them texting my boyfriend.
My boyfriend was called Josh he was totally hot and such a bad influence on me, when I started going out with him I made friends with all his friends and they were all party animals so I would sneak out the house late at night and go to house parties and get really drunk and then I would often get arrested by the police and my dad would have to come and bail me out.
I haven't spoken to my mum and dad since my mum drove me all the way from Exeter to York to this crazy boarding school or should I call it boring school. Nah it's kind of growing on, me each day a little tiny bit. So the reasons I got sent here was basically my bad friends bad boyfriend and my stupid idiotic parents for not being able to handle me. okay I got arrested six time big deal it's not like I killed a person. They are so annoying I don't think I will be talking to them for at least a year maybe they will call me on Saturday for my birthday which is in 3 days that means its Wednesday.
I will be 16 years old I guess that sounds bad being a 15 year old getting arrested six times for being drunk at parties, but I don't have a record it got cleared when my rich daddy paid it off. He also gave me an unlimited credit card which I use whenever we are aloud out which are Saturdays and every other Sunday and I think this Sunday we are aloud out I will have to check my calendar.
I put my hand in my skirt pocket and took out my Blackberry and went on the calendar. I clicked Sunday 14 January. Yep it's let out of jail day; I put my phone back in my pocket cheerfully.
The uniform is pretty cool well I like the skirt its blue plaid with pockets I accessorised mine with a cool belt that's like 7cm wide.
The blouse is boring and white short or long sleeved and the tie is navy blue with a gold crown embroided into it. The blazer is cool navy blue with a pocket on the top with the Queen Ethelburgas logo sewed on; the collar on it has a strip of red going down the edge. For socks I wear knee high white socks which has pink around the top they are so cute and my shoes Chanel Mary Jane's not out till the fall, I'm well connected.
I looked at the dining hall door to see if I can see my friends coming in but they hadn't arrived, they better not have gone into the common room and left me to eat by myself I would be so mad at them. I twisted my finger in a strand of my hair which was long straight and blonde my natural colour as well I'm actually quite impressed with myself. I looked down at the table and tried to think of something to do while I wait.
'Hey Jazz so sorry we are late I had to get something from our room and Matt and Kyra came with me do you forgive us?' Storm said sitting on the chair in front of me, Kyra sat next to her and Matt sat next to me.
'Yes I forgive you I only just got here myself' I lied and she smiled at me.
'Thanks Jazz' Kyra said.
So Storm is my roommate, she has Blonde hair and is really pretty her eyes are a lovely green colour and her fashion sense is amazing, she is my closest friend here we stay up and just talk for hours. She isn't a bad influence like my old friends were; she is really kind and a bit of a goody, goody. She didn't get sent here for being bad her mother is the headmistress, which would be really horrible if it was my mother as the head. Her mum expects her to set a good example for all the other students and she does mostly but she can't always have her shirt tucked in.
Matt is really cool and not bad influence, just cool, down to earth, cool people think he is gay because he hangs around the girls but he acts a bit camp but he hasn't come out of the closet yet, I wouldn't mind if he was I think it would be really sweet and he can help me pick out nice shoes to go with my new dress. He is the same height as me and has dark brown hair his eyes are dark green not as a cool of a colour as Storm but still alright. He isn't very muscular but he is in good shape. He got sent here because his parents think it would be a good school for him and he could get good grades, but Storm thinks it's because he was bullied in his old school for the way he is.
Kyra is pretty she has brown hair and always has it curly which must be her natural hair style I must ask her about that one. She is thin and really pale with loads of freckles, she loves nature and so is a vegetarian which is cool except for the fact I feel bad when we eat meat around her I have to like slyly eat it, she says she doesn't mind but that doesn't clear my conscience. She got sent here because she was getting bullied by kids on her street so her parents thought she would be safer at boarding school, I guess it's kind of true there isn't bulling here and she is happier now and more confident, Storm told me one night what she used to be like when she got here, she didn't trust anyone. Poor girl. But now she is always happy which can be annoying when you have just had Two hours of maths and had nothing to eat and she is all sunshine and rainbows, it's just not good, boo happy people.
So all of my friends are great we all have different personalities which makes us all unique.
All the kids at this school are different than people who go to public school most of us have a bad past or troubled past but we got sent here and it's like a big family, I'm friends with most people at this school but Kyra, Matt and Storm are my closest friends and I hope that we always will be.
'So how was Art?' I asked Storm who was sat sorting her uniform out to make sure it was a perfect example to set for the passing children, I looked at my uniform my shirt was un tucked my tie wasn't done up and my top 3 buttons were undone, I think I should be role model of the year or the century.
'It was alright; remind me on Saturday to get some more newspaper. School is running out again.' She said fussing with her tie, I wish I could just tell to her to chill out but that would be mean and she is really sensitive.
'Yeah I will don't worry but is it really your job to get them?' she is always taking on too much responsibility; just because she is the head's daughter doesn't mean she needs to do everything that's her mums job not hers.
'I just like to keep busy, I don't mind honestly I just want to be able to do things for the school and make it a non-busy school.' She replied standing up, is she angry at me? Damn it Jazz you're so stupid. 'Are we going to get something to eat or what? I'm starving." She smiled and walked up to the lunch cue.
I stood up and so did Kyra and Matt, I forgot they were there they had been so quiet, I will talk to them when we sit back down, I promised myself.
We walked up to the lunch cue and I looked to see what was on today's specials, sausage and chips yum, lasagne yum, chicken curry and rice yum, sandwiches yum, bowl of soup yum, I think I will get a bowl of chips and bottle of Dr Pepper. I picked up what I wanted and waited while Storm got her chicken curry, Matt got lasagne and Kyra got a bowl of vegetable soup, yum healthy.
I walked backwards to the table talking to them about how great Dr Pepper is they think it will rot my teeth, if it does then at least it was caused by something I love the most. I carried on walking backwards then bumped into someone, my chips went everywhere and my Dr Pepper fell on the floor; it all happened in slow motion like in the films, I bent down and picked up my Dr Pepper.
'You just made me lose all my chips and hurt my precious Dr Pepper bottle.' I said standing up and moving my hair out of my face I looked at the person I was having ago at and it was Aaron Bane's the hottest guy in the whole school, every girl wanted him. At lunch he would sit with his crew of boys no girls aloud. I never drooled over him like all the girls did but I thought he was absolutely gorgeous. His body was muscular he knew how to work a school uniform his hair was black it was short and straight but spiky at the back someone knows how to use hair products.
'Well if you had learnt how to walk forward then maybe you would have seen that I was in your path, did you think about that?' he argued back sounding so hot.
'Well maybe I was thinking if someone was in my way they would have the decency to move out of the way. I guess I misjudged." I smirked at him.
'Well maybe you did misjudge.' He agreed and smirked I turned away from him and walked back to my table where the three of them had scurried off to. I sat down and looked back at Aaron he looked at me and smiled a little, I think it was a smile I gave him evils and turned back around and drank my Dr Pepper in 3 gulps, yes it's that good.
'I can't believe you just had ago at Aaron Bane's.' Matt said in a low voice like he would get in trouble for talking about it.
'He is just a guy, he isn't God like he likes to think he is and the girls who drool over him are just ridiculous' I replied shaking my head seriously they are all over him I will probably get hate mail sent through my door saying "Leave Aaron Bane's alone!" I played with the bottle on the table and shrugged. 'He deserved it he sent my chips everywhere and he tried to kill my Dr Pepper.' I said in a cute voice.
'What is it with you and Dr bloody Pepper?' Kyra asked insulting me.
'Oh my God I can't believe you just asked me that, Dr Pepper is a gift from the heavens it's tasty and affordable.'
'You have issues girl' she said shaking her head and started talking to Matt about their history work. I turned to Storm.
'You thought he was out of order right?' I asked her
'Yeah I suppose, but I think you upset him.' She replied completely against me, well not completely but still she thought I upset him.
'I don't see why everyone makes such a big deal out of him, I don't think he is that good looking' I lied and started biting my nails again.
I turned back to him and he turned and looked at me again.
I stood up and looked away from him. 'Hey J where are you going?' Storm asked.
'Just going to sit in the common room and watch some TV maybe call my mum, see you later guys.' I picked up my bag from under the table put it on my shoulder.
'I thought you said you were going to wait for them to ring you first.' Kyra butted in making me scream inside.
I cleared my throat 'yeah I was but it doesn't look like they are going to anytime soon so I thought what the heck, so I will see you later?'
'Yeah sure' they said and I walked away from the table and walked down the guys table ignoring Aaron Bane's stare. Three 11 year olds stopped in front of me, right in front of Aaron.
'Why did punch Aaron?' one of them said in a cocky voice.
'One I didn't, second please get out of my way before I punch you.' I said aggressively.
'We heard you swearing at him right before you punched him' the girl in the middle accused sounding just as cocky. I looked at Aaron who was listening to the conversation. They looked at him too. 'Aaron Bane's Oh my God.' The girl in the middle said drooling over him.
'Oh please he is just guy, no need to drool he isn't worth it.' I said looking at him pissed off. He heard what I said and didn't look angry more confused that I didn't like him.
'Why are you so mean to Aaron? You bully." the girl who hadn't argued at me till now said.
She called me a bully since when did I become the big bad wolf I gave him evils. 'Gee thanks a lot Aaron making people think I'm a bully just don't ever come near me or talk to me' I said and moved the three annoying girls out of my way. He stood up to follow me but I ran out.


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Community Cats Maryland Community Cats Maryland
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Mission Statement
Community Cats Maryland is dedicated to helping individuals, neighborhoods, and local governments implement trap-neuter-return feral cat management programs. We promote humane population control and deterrent methods, and strongly encourage neighborhood involvement in feral cat management solutions.
Community Cats Maryland provides education about feral cat population control and management through educational workshops about trap-neuter-return (TNR) and feral cat management. We hold monthly low-cost spay-neuter clinics for feral cats at the Baltimore Animal Rescue and Care Shelter (BARCS), and train volunteers to help residents implement TNR programs.
- Renee C.
- 410-753-9000
- Need admin access?
Would you recommend Community Cats Maryland?
by Holly B. (2011-04-10 16:07:03.0)
This is the primary group I now volunteer with - no drama......WE GET THINGS DONE! They love to hear ideas that will help the TNR mission. I have been volunteering with them for about 2 years now and love it!


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- Last login Nov 12, 14 @ 6:25 am
Buy & Sell Thread // Vancouver
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this day came too fast.
the little dude who knows too much,
sings very loud,
thinks it's his way or the highway…
the one that screams nooooooooo! in grocery stores,
refuses to sit in a high chair,
and demands to help, no matter what it is…
is the same dude that cuddled and kissed me before bed last night,
who tightly wrapped his arms around my neck, and unprovoked,
gave me a kiss square on the mouth,
then said, "i love you mommy!"
i melted.
a puddle of mother butter,
as a friend would say.
i can't believe i've been a mom for two years,
to this little guy who,
though now a terrorist,
still has his mom tightly wrapped,
and his daddy too.
love your face, sweet bossy boy.
you're my favorite child.
{i can say that now, but it'll take work to keep that status, i'm sure…}
oh, and
happy birthday.
{here's a rewind of the last 2 with you…}
and happy birthday to grandma great,
who shares your birthday.
we sure love that 87 year young lady
who reminds me where your cute sass comes from.
- Strawberries and Spring Break – April 3, 2017
- Quitting my business, and [almost] Quitting blogging… – March 15, 2017
- DIY Gumball Machine ornaments for my Colorful Christmas tree! – December 5, 2016
- Thanksgiving in Arizona – November 28, 2016
- Orange Monkey Pull Apart Bread – November 23, 2016
5 comments on my favorite 2 year old terrorist
He is adorable! Ha ha, mother butter. I had never heard that before, so cute. 2 means the fun REALLY begins now.
Happy Birthday sweet boy!! Can't wait for your T partaaaay!! Xoxo
Happy Birthday Boston!
So so sweet! Love the puddle of mother butter!
Meg, the pic of him with the glasses & bow tie is just priceless! So darn cute!


text:
Explore some of New York City's most iconic buildings and landmarks including Times Square, the Chrysler Building, Grand Central Terminal and the New York Public Library. On this architectural photo tour you'll learn how to work with lines and angles to bring these buildings to life, as well as how to photograph architectural interiors and have a better understanding of white balance. Your guide will show you the best vantage points to photograph these landmark sites. In the end you'll take home iconic pictures of New York City that you'll be proud to share.
Note that tours scheduled in the afternoon take advantage of the sky's changing colors during the fading light of dusk, and conclude as the city lights come alive. This photography workshop is appropriate for all levels of experience. This safari covers a lot of ground, so put on your sneakers and be ready to move!
If you cancel at least 7 day(s) in advance of the scheduled departure, there is no cancellation fee.
If you cancel between 3 and 6 day(s) in advance of the scheduled departure, there is a 50 percent cancellation fee.
If you cancel within 2 day(s) of the scheduled departure, there is a 100 percent cancellation fee.
You can present either a paper or an electronic voucher for this activity.
Complete Operator information, including local telephone numbers at your destination, are included on your Confirmation Voucher. Our Product Managers select only the most experienced and reliable operators in each destination, removing the guesswork for you, and ensuring your peace of mind.
Departure Point
Midtown Manhattan
Departure Time
Exact time advised upon reconfirmation
Times vary depending on time of year
3 hours


text:
Dr. Sathish
Oncologist, Chennai
MBBS, MD(Radiation Oncology)
- Visiting Consultant in Radiation Oncology Department at Apollo Specialty Hospitals-Chennai
- Visiting Consultant at VS Hospital-Chetpet, Kamakshi Memorial Hospital-Pallikkaranai, SRM Hospital, BillRoth hospital, Meenakshi Nursing Home –Chennai
- Radiation Oncology
- Completed MBBS in Rajah Muttaih Medical College with First Class affiliated to Annamalai University during 1997-2003
- Completed MD. in Radiation Oncology in Madras Medical College affliated to Dr.M.G.R. Medical University during 2004-2007
- Fellow in breast cancer treatment (brachytherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (Japan)
- Fellow in Gynac oncology at New York state hospital (USA)
Practice Information
Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Pallikaranai
1, Radial Road, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600100
Patient Experience
Your participation in the survey will help other patients make informed decisions. You will also be helping Dr. Sathish and his staff know how they are doing and how they can improve their services.
How was your experience with Dr. Sathish?
Help other patients, and let the doctor know how he's doing
Achievements & Contributions
- Attended Workshop on Prostate Brach therapy at Apollo
- Exposed to IMRT, SRS, SRT, Techniques available at Apollo Specialty Hospitals-Chennai till date
- Attended International Breast cancer Consensus Conference at Kyoto –Japan held during April 2009
- Silver Medal in Ophthalmology during pre final M.B.B.S. in the year 1999-2000
Most Viewed Oncologists in Chennai
MBBS, DM, M.Sc, MNAMS, MBA
MBBS, MS (General Surgery), M.Ch. (Surgical Oncology)
19 Years Experiance
MBBS, MS (AIIMS,Delhi) , DNB , MCh (Gastro)
10 Years Experiance
MD (Medicine), D.M (Medical Oncology)
29 Years Experiance
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Your trip to Long Beach starts with a relaxing flight on Porter, with a change to a JetBlue flight. You can relax on board, enjoying our award-winning service. Whether you're on a getaway to soak up the sun on miles of white sandy beaches or plan to explore the colourful East Village, Porter and JetBlue will get you there in style. The sooner you book your flight, the sooner your plane will take off.
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