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Salvatore Adamo
An adaptation of Adamo's composition, "Les Filles Du Bord de Mer," was recorded by Arno in 1993 and sparked a renewed interest in his work. That year, Adamo was made an honorary UNICEF ambassador and began to visit war-torn countries in this capacity. Almost certainly as a result, his 1998 comeback album, Regards, brought a sociopolitical edge to his music with songs commenting on racism and the civil war in Bosnia. In Belgium, the album was released with two songs -- "Laat Onze Kinderen Dromen (Let The Children Dream)" and "Il Zie Een Engel (I See An Angel)" -- sung in Dutch. After that, he continued to ride a wave of nostalgia-fueled success, eventually becoming at least as famous in the new millennium as he had been in his heyday. In 2001 he was knighted by King Albert II of Belgium for his services to the country's music industry. Adamo recorded several successful studio albums during the 2000s, including the obligatory duets album -- 2008's Le Bal des Gens Bien -- on which he re-recorded some of his biggest hits with a string of hot young artistes. He showed no signs of stopping as he moved into the early 2010s, with another new album, La Grande Roue, dropping in 2012. ~ Craig Harris
Selected Discography
Track List: Hits in Spanish, French and Italian
Track List: L'amour N'a Jamais Tort
Track List: Vikinga
Track List: Adamo Chante Becaud
Track List: La Grande Roue
Track List: La Part De L'Ange
Track List: Un Soir Au Zanzibar
Track List: Zanzibar
Track List: 30 Exitos Insuperables
Track List: Regards
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Sue Townsend
Michael Joseph £14.99, pp391
One happy day, when we have recovered our sanity, the Booker Prize will be awarded for a book with a laugh on every page and P.G. Wodehouse will replace The Lord of the Flies as compulsory school reading. With a few exceptions, such as the Private Eye writers and Craig Brown's diaries, we are suffering from a serious shortage of humorists in a period of our history which is full of comedy.
New Labour talking of modernisation while things remain very much the same, gnomelike Tories creeping out under the shadowy spectre of Mrs Thatcher, political correctness, the millennium and a nation which seems to find fox-hunting the single most important political issue, computer nerves and conceptual artists, provide endless opportunities for comic relief. In the absence of much serious competition, thank God for Sue Townsend and for Adrian Mole, who has grown up from a spotty and difficult childhood to join us in what he has accurately entitled 'the cappuccino years'.
The love of Adrian Mole's life was Pandora, the sometimes aloof young beauty for whom he yearned. She has now become one of Blair's babes, swept into Parliament on the Labour landslide. The announcement of her victory comes in the town hall of her constituency. As he she awaits the results, and prepares for television crews, she uses 'a small, black compact, embossed with the Chanel logo, to powder her gorgeous face'. Nervous about the result, Adrian retires to the gents and sees under the door of one of the cubicles a pair of red stilettos in close proximity to a pair of Birkenstock sandals.
'There are, of course,' he writes, 'many explanations for the conjunction of shoes, but nothing came to my mind apart from the obvious one that my mother and Pandora's father were so desperate for privacy that they were prepared to stand in a lavatory stall which reeked of uric acid to obtain it'. It is the promiscuous behaviour of the middle aged, particularly middle-aged parents, that has always troubled the innocent life of Adrian Mole.
Pandora's opposition consists of a conservative knight with his fly buttons undone and Christine Spicer-Woods (ex RAF) from Slag (Socialist Lesbians Against Globalisation). Pandora joined the great wave of lobby fodder, her only deviation from New Labour orthodoxy being the consumption of endless cigarettes and an occasional cigar after dinner. Adrian takes up the most fashionable calling of the Nineties - he becomes a chef.
Hoi Polloi in Dean Street, Soho, is a restaurant with an entirely new conception. Rightly guessing that the days of singed monkfish, beetroot coulisse and sun-dried tomatoes are coming to an end, Peter Savage - the aristocratic and foul-mouthed owner who suffers from 'stress incontinence' and hates Tony Blair and New Labour - comes up with a traditional English 'no-choice menu'. This novel fare consists of such delicacies as scrag-end of lamb with turnip chunks and damp Yorkshire pudding.
Naturally, these long forgotten and now unusual dishes, together with custard with a skin on the top, are sensationally successful and attract the attention of the director of Pie Crust Productions. Adrian is signed up for such TV spectaculars as Offally Good! and The Fry Up.
Adrian's wife, Jojo, has abandoned him and moved back to Nigeria, leaving him with a small, greatly adored son who is fascinated by the Teletubbies and Jeremy Clarkson videos. With all his responsibilities, and the demands made on him by his parents and his child, Adrian still has time for his novel, Lo! The Flat Hills of My Homeland, later rechristened Bird Watching (which has, incredibly, still to find a publisher) and to indulge in his compulsive habit of making lists and pursuing wayward thoughts to their strange but logical conclusions.
He is, for instance, obsessed with the idea that William Hague is Mrs Thatcher's love child. In support of this theory, he remembers that Hague's 'so-called parents' manufactured fizzy drinks and Mrs Thatcher's father sold fizzy drinks in his shop. In the four months before Hague's birth, Mrs Thatcher was mysteriously out of the country and in Switzerland (an obstetrics centre of excellence). And when the 16-year-old Hague made his speech at the Tory party conference, Mrs Thatcher looked at him with maternal pride. And there was another impor tant fact that Adrian has now forgotten. This line of reasoning, on a matter of obvious political importance, may seem far-fetched, but is not much more irrelevant than the answers of many of the politicians who are asked questions on the Today programme.
Although much of contemporary behaviour is reduced to absurdity in this book, there is a great deal of humanity in Sue Townsend's writing, and she never quite loses her sympathy for even her most outrageous characters. Adrian Mole, cooking, sleeping with Pandora ('We kept on our underwear at all times') or taking a Stephen Fry-like vow of chastity, is one of literature's most endearing figures. He is an excellent guide for all of us as we wander through the cappuccino years.
To order Adrian Mole for £11.99 plus 99p p&p, call Observer CultureShop on 0800 3168 171

subset: commoncrawl


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Race Result / Kenston Woods & Campus XC / 13MAR2016
We had a great turnout for the first time using the Kenston Campus & Woods map (mapped by NEOOC's Bob Boltz). With all courses available, from WHITE 1km to RED 6.9km, we had something to offer for everyone, and were able to find the right level of challenge and distance for all that attended. Click on the post for all the details.


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Sulfenamides (also spelled sulphenamides) are a class of organosulfur compounds characterized by the general formula RSNR'2, where R and R' are H, alkyl, or aryl.[1] Sulfenamides have been used extensively in the vulcanization of rubber using sulfur. They are related to the oxidized compounds sulfinamides (RS(O)NR'2) and sulfonamides (RS(O)2NR'2).
Sulfenamides are usually prepared by the reaction of sulfenyl chlorides and amines:[2]
- RSCl + R'2NH → RSNR'2 + HCl
The S-N bond formation generally obeys standard bimolecular nucleophilic substitution rules, with the basic nitrogen centre being the nucleophile. Primary sulfenamide formation as shown above occurs with the reaction of the sulfenyl halide with ammonia. Additionally primary as well as secondary and tertiary amines form sulfenamides through reaction with, thiols, disulfides, and sulfenyl thiocyanates.[3] In one illustrative synthesis, triphenylmethanesulphenyl chloride and butylamine react in benzene at 25 C:
- Ph3CSCl + 2BuNH2 → Ph3CSN(H)Bu + BuNH3Cl
Many other routes to sulfenamides are known, starting from thiols and disulfides.[4]
- RSSR + 2R'2NH + Ag+ → RSNR'2 + AgSR + R'2NH2+
Sulfenamides have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The S-N bond in sulfenamides is a chiral axis that leads to formation of diastereomeric compounds. The existence of these distinct stereoisomers is due to the formation of a partial double bond between either sulfur or nitrogen's lone pair and the other atom's antibonding orbitals.[1] Additionally bulky substituent groups and lone pair repulsion can contribute resistance to interconversion. The resulting torsional barriers can be quite large and vary from 12-20 kcal/mol.[2] The interactions are thought to be dependent on the torsional preferences (also known as the gauche effect).[1] The nitrogen atom is usually pyramidal, but cyclic and strongly steric hindered acyclic sulfenamides can display a planar arrangement of bonds around the nitrogen atom.
The S-N bond n sulfenamide are labile in a variety of ways.[2] The sulfur atom tends to be the more electrophilic center of the S-N bond. Nucleophillic attack on sulfur can occur by amines, by thiols, and by alkyl-magnesium halides which leads to either new sulfenamide compounds or back to starting compounds such as sulfides and disulfides respectively.[1] Both the nitrogen and sulfur atoms comprising the S-N bond in sulfenamides have lone pairs of electrons in their outer shells, one and two for nitrogen and sulfur respectively. These lone pairs allow for the possibility of forming either higher order bonds(double, triple) or adding new subsituent groups to the compound For instance the nitrogen in the S-N bond of 2-hydroxysulfenanilides can oxidized to an imine species with sodium dichromate.[2]
Sulfenamides react with amino-azaheterocycles to form heterocyclic systems (often used as amino protecting groups in various other synthesis reactions). Chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride (ClCOSCl) also readily forms S-N bonds with 2-amino-azaheterocycles, but always of a cyclical nature.
A novel variant of the Appel reaction has been noted for sulfenamides. Reaction of o-nitrobenzenesulfenamide with PPh3 and CCl4 leads the formation of o-nitro-N-(triphenylphosphorany1idene)-benzenesulfenamide. In this variant reaction the triphenyl phosphine forms a double bonded linkage with nitrogen in the sulfenamide instead of oxygen as is customary in the Appel reaction. Additionally in the traditional Apple reaction the R-OH bond is cleaved leaving oxygen attached to triphenylphosphine. In this variant the S-N bond is not cleaved.
Sulfenamides, e.g. cyclohexylthiophthalimide, are used extensively in the vulcanization of rubber. The sulfenamides are used to accelerate the process via the transient formation of labile S-N bonds. The substituents on the sulfenamides determine the point at which they will become active. Temperature dependent activation of sulfenamide accelerants is useful in the vulcanization process because the temperature at which the rubber polymerizes determines the length of the sulfur chains, and properties such as the elasticity of the final product.
- ^ a b c d Capozzi, G., Modena, G., Pasquato, L. in "Chemistry of Sulphenyl Halides and Sulfenamides" The Chemistry of Sulphenic Acids and their derivatives. Ed. Saul Patai. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Chapter 10. 403-516, 1990. doi:10.1002/9780470772287
- ^ a b c d Craine, Leslie; Raban, Morton (1989). "The Chemistry of Sulfenamides". Chemical Reviews. 89: 669. doi:10.1021/cr00094a001.
- ^ Drabowicz, J., Kielbasinski, P., Mikoiajczyk, M. (1990). "Synthesis of Sulphenyl Halides and Sulphenamides". The Chemistry of Sulphenic Acids and their derivatives. Ed. Saul Patai. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.. Chapter 6. 221-292. doi:10.1002/9780470772287
- ^ I V Koval' "Synthesis and Application of Sulfenamides" Russian Chemical Reviews, 1996, Volume 65, doi:10.1070/RC1996v065n05ABEH000218


text: Academic Forum Sponsors: www.edwincoe.com Third Session: Reforming the European Insolvency Regulation III. Chair: Professor Christoph Paulus (Humboldt University Berlin) The Reform of the EIR: Is there any Space for Private Autonomy? Matteo Winkler (Bocconi School of Law) The Commission's Proposal of 2012 • • • • • Extension of the EIR's scope Clarification of COMI Reform of the secondary proceedings Publicity of insolvency proceedings Ad hoc provisions of multinational enterprises Private Autonomy and Insolvency • Relevance of private autonomy in insolvency (hold-out problem) • Role played in cross-border insolvency • Significance in domestic context (pre-insolvency proceedings and debtor-in-possession proceedings) • Practice of "insolvency protocols and agreements" – a very transnational contractual framework Pre-Insolvency Proceedings • Now included in the EIR's scope under the new Art. 1 • Components of an "insolvency proceedings": – Divestment and a liquidator, or – Control or supervision by a court • List in Annex A Critical Issues • The existing lack of EU-wide circulation of preinsolvency arrangements – Which arrangements can circulate precisely? • Which limits? (public policy; non-public or without-court-supervision arrangements) Insolvency Protocols and Agreements • Direct reference to "principles and guidelines … adopted by European and International associations …" (new Recital 20) • But piecemeal references in the context of: – Communication and cooperation in general – Cooperation in groups of companies Critical Issues • Piecemeal structure: a bad drafting technique? • Limits? – "to the extent that [insolvency protocols] are not incompatible with the rules applicable to each of the proceedings" – This limit operates only in court-to-liquidator cooperation, and not in court-to-court cooperation: why? Conclusions • Circulation of pre-insolvency arrangements (and restructuring plans) – A risk to a race to the bottom? • Open reference to the contractual practice of insolvency protocols and agreements: maximum flexibility – Piecemeal legislation: uncertainty as to the transnational effects of insolvency protocols? The Insolvency of Members of a Group of Companies in the Proposal for Amendment of the EIR Giulia Vallar (University of Milan) The status quo • No provisions on group insolvency • Separate proceedings must be opened for each individual member of a group • Liquidators and courts are under no duty to cooperate • Cooperation is possible between liquidators. It is more difficult for judges • Case-law has tried different ways to overcome such a lack of a discipline Need for a revision • Public consultation on the future of European Insolvency Law (2012): half of respondents felt the EIR does not work efficiently for multinational group insolvencies. One third felt it does • The Commission agreed that the lack of a specific framework for group insolvency constitutes in certain cases an obstacle to the efficient administration of the insolvency of members of a group of companies • The proposed Regulation contains provisions on group insolvency Definition of "group of companies" New Article 2(i) "group of companies" means a number of companies consisting of parent and subsidiary companies Definition of "group of companies" New Article 2(j) further specifies that "parent company" means a company which (i) has a majority of the shareholders' or members' voting rights in another company (a "subsidiary company"); or (ii) is a shareholder or member of the subsidiary company and has the right to (aa) appoint or remove a majority of the members of the administrative, management or supervisory body of that subsidiary; or (bb) exercise a dominant influence over the subsidiary company pursuant to a contract entered into with that subsidiary or to a provision in its articles of association. Definition of "group of companies" Such a definition should be understood as being limited to the context of insolvency and should not have any influence on the company aspects regarding groups (recital 7) Two options (New recitals 20a and 20b) 1. Several proceedings relating to two or more members of a group of companies opened before different courts in several member states (default option) 2. Several proceedings relating to two or more members of a group of companies opened before the same court (therefore in a single jurisdiction) (residual option) Default option Several proceedings opened before different courts in several member states New detailed discipline New provisions Chapter IVa "Insolvency of members of a group of companies" (Articles 42a – 42d) New provisions • Article 42a: Duty to cooperate and communicate information between liquidators • Article 42b: Communication and cooperation between courts • Article 42c: Cooperation and communication between liquidators and courts • Article 42d: Powers of the liquidators and stay of proceedings Duty to cooperate and communicate information between liquidators Liquidators shall cooperate to the extent that such cooperation: • is appropriate to facilitate the effective administration of the proceedings • is not incompatible with the rules applicable to such proceedings • does not entail any conflict of interests Suggested means of cooperation: "agreements or protocols" Duty to cooperate and communicate information between liquidators Liquidators shall: • immediately communicate any relevant information (keeping in mind confidentiality) • where the group can be restructured, negotiate a coordinated restructuring plan • coordinate the administration and supervision of the affairs of the group members A specific liquidator can be granted additional powers subject to the agreement of all the liquidators Communication and cooperation between courts Actors Courts before which a request to open proceedings concerning a member of the group is pending or which has opened such proceedings Conditions Such cooperation should be appropriate to facilitate the effective administration of the proceedings and should not be incompatible with the rules applicable to them How to These courts may either communicate and request information and assistance directly from each other or appoint a person or body for this purpose Communication and cooperation between courts • • • • Suggested means of cooperation Communication of information by any appropriate means which should (i) be free of charge and (ii) respect procedural rights of the parties and confidentiality Coordination of the administration and supervision of the assets and affairs Coordination of the conduct of the hearings Coordination in the approval of protocols Cooperation and communication between liquidators and courts Actors Any liquidator and any court involved in a proceedings concerning any member of the group Conditions Such cooperation should be appropriate to facilitate the effective administration of the proceedings and should not be incompatible with the rules applicable to them How to In particular, the liquidator may request information or assistance from the court Powers of the liquidators … A liquidator shall have the right • to be heard and to participate in any of the other proceedings opened • to request a stay of the other proceedings • to propose a rescue plan, a composition or a comparable measure for all or some members of the group for which insolvency proceedings have been opened and to introduce it into any of the proceedings opened in accordance with law applicable to those proceedings • to request any additional procedural measures under the law applicable to the proceedings which may be necessary to promote rescue, including the conversion of proceedings … and stay of proceedings A court requested to stay the proceedings shall act accordingly if it is proven that such a stay would be to the benefit of the creditors in that proceedings. In any case, the court can request to the liquidator any suitable measure to guarantee the interests of the creditors The proceedings can be stayed for up to three months and the stay can be continued or renewed for the same period Residual option Several proceedings opened before the same court Just a hint in Recital 20(b) Residual option Condition The COMI of all the companies of the group is deemed to be located in a single Member State Effects If appropriate, the court should appoint the same liquidator for all the proceedings Comments to Articles 42a – 42d Even if they retain the entity by entity approach of the EIR, they take a step forward in providing a coordination of the proceedings The newly introduced system is built upon experience of coordination between liquidators of main and secondary proceedings The other envisaged solution was the one called "procedural consolidation" but it was considered less proportionate at the current stage Comments to Articles 42a – 42d • The three forms of cooperation and communication are explicitly made subject to compatibility with the relevant norms applicable to the proceedings • Assuming these norms are the national procedural rules, such a condition involves the risk of spoiling the new provisions of their apparent benefits: is this limitation appropriate? Present and Future of Judicial Cooperation in Insolvency Cases in Europe Professor Bob Wessels (University of Leiden) Main topics: • Present status • Proposal • JudgeCo project Chapter 3 "Judicial Cooperation in Civil Matters" Art. 81 TFEU (ex Art. 65 TEC): 1. The Union shall develop judicial cooperation in civil matters having cross-border implications, based on the principle of mutual recognition of judgments and of decisions in extrajudicial cases. Such cooperation may include the adoption of measures for the approximation of the laws and regulations of the Member States. 2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, shall adopt measures, particularly when necessary for the proper functioning of the internal market, aimed at ensuring: (a) the mutual recognition and enforcement between Member States of judgments and of decisions in extrajudicial cases; (c) the compatibility of the rules applicable in the Member States concerning conflict of laws and of jurisdiction; (f) the elimination of obstacles to the proper functioning of civil proceedings, if necessary by promoting the compatibility of the rules on civil procedure applicable in the Member States Model of coordination of proceedings Recital (12) …..To protect the diversity of interests, this Regulation permits secondary proceedings to be opened to run in parallel with the main proceedings. ….Mandatory rules of coordination with the main proceedings satisfy the need for unity in the Community. Recital (20) ….Main insolvency proceedings and secondary proceedings can, however, contribute to the effective realisation of the total assets only if all the concurrent proceedings pending are coordinated. The main condition here is that the various liquidators must cooperate closely, in particular by exchanging a sufficient amount of information. In order to ensure the dominant role of the main insolvency proceedings, the liquidator in such proceedings should be given several possibilities for intervening in secondary insolvency proceedings which are pending at the same time. For example, he should be able to propose a restructuring plan or composition or apply for realisation of the assets in the secondary insolvency proceedings to be suspended. Model: COORDINATION RE PROCEEDINGS The liquidator in the main proceedings may: • Request publication of opening judgment or registration of judgment in public registers kept in another MS (Art. 21, 22) • Request opening of secondary proceedings in other MSs (art. 29) • Participate in secondary proceedings (Art. 32(3)) • Request stay of the process of liquidation of sec. proc. (Art. 33(1)) and may request measures ex Art. 34.1 (see Art. 34(3)) • Request termination of this stay (Art. 33(2)) • Propose a rescue plan, when allowed (Art. 34(1)) • Dis-agree with finalizing liquidation in sec. proc. (Art. 34(1)) • Claim the remaining assets (art. 35) COORDINATION RE PROCEEDINGS (Cont'd) Key duties of liquidator in main and secondary proceedings: • 1. To communicate information (Art. 31(1)) • 2. To cooperate (Art. 31(2)) • 3. To lodge all claims which have already been lodged in the main proceedings (Art. 32(2)) • 4. To immediately inform all known creditors (Art. 40(1)) by individual notice (Art. 40(2)) Article 31 Duty to cooperate and communicate information: -Text does not provide clear guidance - Applies only to liquidators www.insol-europe.org European Communication and Cooperation Guidelines For Cross-border Insolvency (2007) CoCo Guidelines - www.insol-europe.org My weblog 2007-09-doc1 - text CoCo Guidelines (18 in number) 2007-10-doc2 - endorsement by INSOL Europe Status – "Soft law" / best practices Promotes coordination, using 'Protocols' (includes "Checklist Protocol") • Examples: - Requirements for practitioners - Language CoCo Guidelines - Guideline 4 4.2. A liquidator is required to act with the appropriate knowledge of the EC Insolvency Regulation and its application in practice. CoCo Guidelines - Guideline 10 10.1. Liquidators shall determine the language in which Communications take place on the basis of convenience and the avoidance of costs. The court is advised to allow use of other languages in all or part of the proceedings if no prejudice to a party will result. 10.2. Courts are encouraged, to the maximum extent permissible under national law, to accept any documents related to those communications in language decided upon under Guideline 10.1, without the need for a translation into the language of proceedings before them. CoCo – A Useful Medicine? CoCo Guidelines in Literature? 1. Literature: how to "include" in formal law? – Annex to InsReg? – In a national "Kodex"? – Standard / yardstick to measure "national" duties? – A "European" standard for liquidators? (An non-binding "Opinion" ex Art. 288 TFEU?) CoCo Guidelines in Practice? 1. Literature: how to "include" in formal law? 2. Practice: – BenQ Holding (NL court – German court; 2007) – Order of judicial decisions – Automold (German court – UK liquidator) – re scheduling creditors meeting in Germany – Restructuring Committee Landsbanki – ICESAVE? – Kauptingh – Norway? – Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (LBHI) – CoCo Guidelines referred to in draft-global protocol – PIN AG – German & Lux court share info re "main proceedings" Application Report COM(2012) 743 final (p. 14:) "….The duties to cooperate and communicate information under Article 31 of the Regulation are rather vague. The Regulation does not provide for cooperation duties between courts or liquidators and courts. There are examples where courts or liquidators did not sufficiently act in a cooperative manner. These findings are confirmed by the results of the public consultation where 48% of the respondents were dissatisfied with the coordination between main and secondary proceedings." Bank Handlowy w Warszawie SA, PPHU 'ADAX'/Ryszard Adamiak, V Christianapol sp. z o.o. (Case C-116/11) • • • Case relates to the opening of insolvency proceedings, in Poland, further to an application made by Bank Handlowy and Adamiak in respect of Christianapol sp. z o.o., a company governed by Polish law, in respect of which rescue proceedings (procédure de sauvegarde) had previously been opened in France. Christianapol is a wholly-owned subsidiary of a German company, which in turn is 90% owned by a French company. By judgment of 1 October 2008, the Tribunal de commerce de Meaux (France) opened insolvency proceedings against Christianapol (COMI in France). The court opened sauvegarde proceedings on the ground that the debtor was not in a situation calling for the cessation of payments, but that it would be in that situation if financial restructuring was not undertaken quickly. On 21 April and 26 June 2009, Bank Handlowy, established in Warsaw (Poland), in its capacity as creditor of Christianapol, asked the referring court to open secondary insolvency proceedings against Christianapol under Article 27 of the Regulation. On 20 July 2009, the Tribunal de commerce de Meaux approved a rescue plan for Christianapol, under which debts would be paid off in instalments spread over 10 years and prohibiting the transfer of the undertaking of Christianopol, situated in Łowyń (Poland) and of certain defined assets belonging to the debtor. The French court maintained the appointment, made previously, of the persons responsible for representing the interests of creditors for the period up to the closure of the procedure for the verification of claims and the submission of a final report on the activities of those representatives. In its judgment it also appointed a person to oversee the implementation of the plan (commissaire à l'exécution du plan). Bank Handlowy C-116/11 (cont'd) • On 2 August 2009, another creditor, Adamiak, established in Łęczyca (Poland), also asked for winding-up proceedings to be opened under Polish law. • Following the approval of the rescue plan by the French court, Christianapol contended that the secondary insolvency proceedings should be discontinued, since the main proceedings had been closed. It also contended that it was fulfilling its obligations under the plan approved by the French court, with the result that no pecuniary claims were outstanding against it under Polish law and there were therefore no grounds supporting a declaration of insolvency in respect of it. • "The referring court asked the Tribunal de commerce de Meaux whether the insolvency proceedings in France, which were main proceedings for the purposes of the Regulation, were still pending. The answer given by the French court did not provide the necessary clarification. The referring court then consulted an expert." • The Sąd Rejonowy Poznań-Stare Miasto w Poznaniu decided to stay the proceedings and to refer questions to the Court of Justice of the EU for a preliminary ruling: Bank Handlowy C-116/11 (Cont'd) • Article 4(2)(j) InsReg must be interpreted as meaning: that it is for the national law of the Member State in which insolvency proceedings have been opened to determine at which moment the closure of those proceedings occurs. • Article 27 InsReg must be interpreted as meaning: that the court before which an application to have secondary insolvency proceedings has been opened cannot examine the insolvency of a debtor against which main proceedings have been opened in another Member State, even where the latter proceedings have a protective purpose. • Article 27 InsReg must be interpreted as meaning: that it permits the opening of secondary insolvency proceedings in the Member State in which the debtor has an establishment, where the main proceedings have a protective purpose. It is for the court having jurisdiction to open secondary proceedings to have regard to the objectives of the main proceedings and to take account of the scheme of the Regulation, in keeping with the principle of sincere cooperation. Bank Handlowy C-116/11 - argumentation • "59 …., the fact remains that the opening of secondary proceedings, which, …., must be winding-up proceedings, risks running counter to the purpose served by main proceedings, which are of a protective nature. • 60 It should be noted that the Regulation provides for a certain number of mandatory rules of coordination intended to ensure, as expressed in recital 12 in the preamble thereto, the need for unity in the Community. In that system, the main proceedings have a dominant role in relation to the secondary proceedings, as stated in recital 20 in the preamble to the Regulation. Bank Handlowy C-116/11 - argumentation • 61 The liquidator in the main proceedings thus has certain prerogatives at his disposal which allow him to influence the secondary proceedings in such a way, that the protective purpose of the main proceedings is not jeopardised [follow examples; Wess.] • 62 The principle of sincere cooperation laid down in Article 4(3) EU requires the court having jurisdiction to open secondary proceedings, in applying those provisions, to have regard to the objectives of the main proceedings and to take account of the scheme of the Regulation, which, ……, aims to ensure efficient and effective cross-border insolvency proceedings through mandatory coordination of the main and secondary proceedings guaranteeing the priority of the main proceedings." Cross-border Cooperation under 12-12-12 Proposal • Renewed recital 20 • Two new recitals (20a & 20b) • Renewed Art. 31 CoCo between liquidators • New Art. 31a CoCo between courts • New Art. 31b CoCo between liquidators and courts Pr(13) Recital 20 is replaced by the following: • "(20) Main insolvency proceedings and secondary proceedings can only contribute to the effective realisation of the total assets if all the concurrent proceedings pending are coordinated. The main condition here is that the various liquidators and the courts involved must cooperate closely, in particular by exchanging a sufficient amount of information. In order to ensure the dominant role of the main proceedings, the liquidator in such proceedings should be given several possibilities for intervening in secondary insolvency proceedings which are pending at the same time. In particular, the liquidator should be able to propose a restructuring plan or composition or apply for a suspension of the realisation of the assets in the secondary insolvency proceedings. In their cooperation, liquidators and courts should take into account best practices for cooperation in cross-border insolvency cases as set out in principles and guidelines on communication and cooperation adopted by European and international associations active in the area of insolvency law." Pr(35) Article 31 is replaced by the following: Cooperation and communication between liquidators 1. The liquidator in the main proceedings and the liquidators in the secondary proceedings shall cooperate with each other to the extent such cooperation is not incompatible with the rules applicable to each of the proceedings. Such cooperation may take the form of agreements or protocols. 2. (………….) Pr(36) Article 31a to be inserted: Cooperation and communication between courts 1. In order to facilitate the coordination of main and secondary insolvency proceedings concerning the same debtor, a court before which a request to open insolvency proceedings is pending or which has opened such proceedings shall cooperate with any other court before which insolvency proceedings are pending or which has opened such proceedings to the extent such cooperation is not incompatible with the rules applicable to each of the proceedings. For this purpose, the courts may, where appropriate, appoint a person or body acting on its instructions. 2. The courts referred to in paragraph 1 may communicate directly with, or to request information or assistance directly from each other provided that such communication is free of charge and respects the procedural rights of the parties to the proceedings and the confidentiality of information. 3. Cooperation may be implemented by any appropriate means, including (a) communication of information by any means considered appropriate by the court; (b) coordination of the administration and supervision of the debtor's assets and affairs; (c) coordination of the conduct of hearings, (d) coordination in the approval of protocols. Pr(36) Article 31b to be inserted: Cooperation and communication between liquidators and courts 1. In order to facilitate the coordination of main and secondary insolvency proceedings opened with respect to the same debtor, (a) a liquidator in main proceedings shall cooperate and communicate with any court before which a request to open secondary proceedings is pending or which has opened such proceedings and (b) a liquidator in secondary or territorial insolvency proceedings shall cooperate and communicate with the court before which a request to open main proceedings is pending or which has opened such proceedings, 2. The cooperation referred to in paragraph 1 shall be implemented by any appropriate means including the means set out in Article 31a (3) to the extent these are not incompatible with the rules applicable to each of the proceedings. Pr(14) recital 20a to be inserted • (20a) This Regulation should ensure the efficient administration of insolvency proceedings relating to different companies forming part of a group of companies. Where insolvency proceedings have been opened for several companies of the same group, these proceedings should be properly coordinated. The various liquidators and the courts involved should therefore be under the same obligation to cooperate and communicate with each other as those involved in main and secondary proceedings relating to the same debtor. In addition, a liquidator appointed in proceedings relating to a member of a group of companies should have standing to propose a rescue plan in the proceedings concerning another member of the same group to the extent such a tool is available under national insolvency law. Shaping and Modeling "Cooperation"? Recital 20, new last line: "In their cooperation, liquidators and courts should take into account best practices for cooperation in cross-border insolvency cases as set out in principles and guidelines on communication and cooperation adopted by European and international associations active in the area of insolvency law." www.insol-europe.org Global Principles (2012) • ALI-III project "Global Principles for Cooperation in International Insolvency Cases" • Contents: – Worldwide acceptance of ALI NAFTA Principles – Refine ALI Guidelines Applicable to Court-to-Court Communication in Cross-Border cases – "Glossary" – Recommendations re "Applicable law" http://www.ali.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publications.ppage&node_id=85 or http://www.iiiglobal.org/component/jdownloads/finish/557/5932.htm or Weblog 2012-06-doc1 Final report www.bobwessels.nl European Cross-border Insolvency: Promoting Judicial Cooperation Profs Bob Wessels and Jan Adriaanse Prof. Paul Omar European Cross-border Insolvency: Promoting Judicial Cooperation Objective: to develop 'guidelines', 'best practices' and 'standards' for communication and cooperation in insolvency cases between courts in the European Union. The result should lead to a set of "EU Cross-Border Insolvency Court-to-Court Cooperation Guidelines": (i) ensuring as far as possible that the EU Insolvency Regulation works in practice, to efficiently and effectively deal with a debtor's estate; (ii) fitting the current environment where solutions have been developed based on models reflecting cooperation and communication; (iii) guaranteeing the organisation and conduct of a fair legal process and ensuring the fair representation of stakeholders concerned in insolvency processes. Three Phases • Workstream 1 (January 2013-September 2013) – Two surveys will be developed and sent out to a representative group of around 40 experts – insolvency judges, senior insolvency court representatives, insolvency lawyers/trustees/ practitioners, academics – chaired by prof. Fletcher UCL – Study of 5 Int'l and EU Codes on Independency / Integrity of Judges – Redrafting Global Principles and CoCo Guidelines in discussion with Review & Advisory Group • Workstream 2 (September 2013-July 2014) – focuses on capacity building by inviting individual EU Insolvency Judges to participate in sidetracks of (already) planned conferences by the projects' participating or invited partners [ERA Trier; III; Insol Europe; IBA IS?] • Workstream 3 (July 2014-December 2014) – focuses on bringing together 60 EU Insolvency Judges for 'Cooperation Trainings' of 10-12 hours at three European universities (Leiden, Nottingham, and a city in the Eastern-European region?). Where do we stand in 2016? Future of Cross-border Cooperation • • • • Present status: model of coordination CoCo Guidelines (2007) Global Principles (2012) EU Cross-Border Insolvency Court-toCourt Cooperation Guidelines (JudgeCo project; 2014?) • Prof & Ethical rules re IOH's (Best Practices project INSOL Europe; 2014?) www.bobwessels.nl Coffee break Fourth Session: Young Academics' Network Chairs: Myriam Mailly (University of Kent) Emmanuelle Inacio (Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale) YAN The Younger Academics Network on Comparative and International Insolvency Law and Finance Who are we ? - Representation of younger academics or PhD fellows - Linked with the Academic Forum of INSOL Europe - 33 participants from 13 different jurisdictions (Estonia, Poland, Russia, France, England, Sweden, The Netherlands, South Africa, Germany, Czech Republic, Italy, Luxembourg & Croatia.) What are we doing ? - A (virtual) network - Exchange and cooperation - Support between researchers Where to find us ? - INSOL Europe website: http://www.insol-europe.org/academicforum/younger-academics-network-website/ How to join us ? - How to join ? http://www.insol-europe.org/academic-forum/yanhow-to-join The Integration of Pre-Insolvency Proceedings in the EIR: A Comparative Analysis of CVAs and the Procédure de Conciliation Marie Padellec (University of Aix-Marseille III) A different approach of the pre-insolvency proceedings by French Law and English Law to rescue the company A determinate process under English law – Creditor's meeting – Shareholder's meeting – A scheme who binds all creditors The liberty under French law • A scheme open to usual co-contracting • The absence of meetings • The absence of binding procedure A different approach of the pre-insolvency proceedings by French Law and English Law to rescue the company The choice of transparency under English law • an asset: the faculty of the moratorium • a weight: a big cost for the company + distrust for the creditors The choice under French Law: Secret or publicity • • The secret agreement ( absence of knowledge by the creditors of the financial situation of the company) – Minimum of costs – A company protect against his creditors by the "Délai de grâce" The public agreement – The "New Money", a privilege who increase the creditors to find an agreement The integration of pre-insolvency proceeding in the EIR under the purpose of the Commission 4 conditions to integrate pre-insolvency proceedings in the EIR suggest by the Commission – A proceeding based on a law relating to insolvency or adjustment of debt – The assets and affairs of the debtor are subject to control or supervision by a court – Proceedings which have for objective rescue, adjustment of debt, reorganization or liquidation – A collective judicial or administrative proceedings The integration of pre-insolvency proceeding in the EIR under the purpose of the Commission The exclusion on principle of the Procédure de conciliation by the integration of the new definition of the Commission in the EIR – The absence of the condition of collective proceedings – The precision by the Commission of the Exclusion of confidential proceedings An alternative issue? – The absence of control of the meeting of the conditions required by the definition before the inscription of proceedings: possibility to insert in the Procédure de Conciliation in the REI • The exclusion of the confidential proceedings "since they become public" The Credit Institutions Directive and the Gap in the EU Legal Framework Addressing Subsidiaries of Financial Institutions Chindar Teo Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. DIRECTIVE 2001/24/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the reorganisation and winding up of credit institutions • Effective coordination and cooperation between jurisdictions and respective authorities • Operationally integrated subsidiaries complicate insolvencies through conflict • Less than optimal regime to resolve cross-border banking groups Conflict between home and host jurisdictions • Article 3(1) states that the administrative or judicial authorities of the home Member State shall alone be empowered to decide on the implementation of one or more reorganisation measures in a credit institution, including branches established in other States. • Systemically damaging implications to host country economy • Legal separateness of subsidiary: To abandon or not abandon? • Disparity in the treatment of subsidiaries across and among domestic regimes • Many foreign banking authorities & conflicting measures • National authority's ability to resolve foreign subsidiary and limitations National Territorial Sovereignty • The Icelandic banking crisis • The problem with universalism in SIFI resolution • Recent banking crisis in Europe- when subsidiaries are not separated • The chance of a local rescue: maximisation or minimisation? Concluding remarks and future research • Adequate mechanisms to deal effectively and efficiently with cross-border aspects • The possibility of harmonized rules, powers and sanctions • Addressing the distinctiveness of subsidiaries • Future research inclusive of SIFIs and the extension of resolution powers • Recent banking crisis in Cyprus: impact on the real economy The Credit Institutions Directive and the Gap in the EU Legal Framework Addressing Subsidiaries of Financial Institutions Thank you for your attention! Email: firstname.lastname@example.com "Reorganization Plans as Alternatives to Pre - Insolvency Measures under the European Insolvency Regulation and Domestic Laws" Maria Kilteni (L.L.B. & PhdC Democritus University of Thrace, L.L.M. Tübingen, National &Kapodistrian Un. of Athens) Structure of Presentation 1. What is a "Reorganization Plan"?-Where does it belong? 2. Why Corporate Rehabilitation Plans ? 3. Why not Private Restructuring Plans ("Workouts")? 4. Why (not) a "Pre-Packaged" Plan? 5. European Regulation 1346/2000 & Proposal 6. Comparison-Similarities among Greek, American, German and French Insolvency Law. What is a "Reorganization Plan"? Where does it belong?(1/3) Insolvency Proceedings Rescuing/Restructuring Proceedings Judicial Rehabilitation Proceedings Liquidation Proceedings Private Agreements/ "Workouts" What is a "Reorganization Plan"? Where does it belong?(2/3) Judicial Rehabilitation Proceedings Voluntary Compositions Traditional Compositions and Moratoriums Corporate Rehabilitation Proceedings Reorganization Plan What is a "Reorganization Plan"? Where does it belong?(3/3) 2. "Mild" Rehabilitation proceedings 1. Traditional Compositions Private Agreements/ "Workouts" 3. "Tough" Rehabilitation Proceedings Reorganization Plan Why Corporate Rehabilitation Plans ? -Ease in entry -Full freedom to the debtor to commence proceedings -Freeze on execution of the creditors and on liquidation petitions -Permitted and lawful alterations on securities such as stay on enforcement Why not Private Restructuring Plans ("Workouts")? -Necessity of unanimity, illegal transactions during the suspect period, no "erga omnes" binding force Why a "Pre-Packaged" Plan? All the advantages of the "Judicial Rehabilitation & Proceedings" and of the "Workouts": -Time-saving: the negotiations for the plan, the distribution of the disclosure statements, the procedure of voting take place before the bankruptcy case is filled -The maximization of returns -The saving of jobs Why not a "Pre-Packaged" Plan? : "Panacea"? -Time-saving can be proved to be a "labyrinth" -Probability of impairment for some creditors European Regulation 1346/2000 (1/8) Possible Applicable law for the plan: "lex fori concursus" , art. 4 par. 2 (j) "the conditions for and the effects of closure of insolvency proceedings, in particular by composition" such as the rescue plan : the law of the State of opening European Regulation 1346/2000 (2/8) The Regulation accepts : a) The possibility of "Secondary Ins. Proceedings" ending in a Composition, a Plan or an Equivalent Measure b) The possibility of "Independent Territorial Ins. Proceedings" also ending in a Reorganization Plan c) The "Main Insolvency Proceedings" can share the same end? European Regulation 1346/2000 (3/8) The coexistence and the equalization of all possibilities come to art. 34 of R.: a) The liquidator of the "Main Insolvency Proceedings" has the power to decide on the closure of the "Secondary Insolvency Proceedings" with a plan b) His consent can be ignored, if the financial interests of the creditors of the "Main Ins. Proceedings" are not impaired by the plan c) If there is restriction of creditors' rights by a plan concerning the "Secondary Ins. Proceedings", it has no effect to other States, unless all the creditors consent European Regulation 1346/2000 (4/8) • Proposal of E.C. (12.12.2012) A "second chance" to the debtor -a more complete definition of COMI (art. 3 par. 1 &3) -the secondary proceedings are not only winding-up proceedings, but also restructuring procedures (the word liquidation disappears!) (art. 3 par. 2) -a full recognition of the scheme of "debtor in possession" [art. 2b (ii), d (ii)] -̔synthetic secondary proceedings̕ protection of the local creditors (art. 18 par. 1& 29a par. 2 and 3) -upgrading of the cooperation among liquidators of main and secondary ins. Proceedings (art. 31 par. 2b, even to the extent of a group of companies, art. 42a par. 2b, art. 42d par. 1c & par. 2, suspension or rescue plan) European Regulation 1346/2000 (5/8) -Neither special rule nor exception to the "lex fori concursus" It is generally accepted : - for issues on the functioning and the internal structure of the company, the managers' and the members' respective rights "lex societatis" - for the issues on the functioning and the formation of the rights related to the objectives of the insolvency proceedings (such us the sale to the creditors) "lex fori concursus" European Regulation 1346/2000 (6/8) Emerging Worsening Financial Problems: Problems Private Workout Without Lex the reform Societatis Lex Contractus Cessation of Payments Insolvency With Possible Viable Reorganization Insolvency With Impossible Reorganization No Regulation Lex Fori Concursus Lex Fori Concursus With the reform The Law of the Most Significant Creditors European Regulation 1346/2000 (7/8) How is this translated in terms of international private and insolvency law? (Proposals) Introduction of the "lex magnum creditorum"=law of the State where the Most Significant Creditors are located. This law will determine in the scheme of a "Reorganization Plan" or of a "Workout": • Jurisdiction • Applicable Law • Potential Creditors'/Participants' Objections • Recognition to other States European Regulation 1346/2000 (8/8) C1 C2 Courts of Domicile of Creditors A,B,C…. European Committee of Insolvency & European Register of Insolvency State of the Most Significant Creditors C3 Competent Court "Reorganizations Plans" in Comparison (1/6) Similarities -Regarding the Face of the Debtor (!) -Concerning the Role of the Insolvency Practitioner ( a "typical lawyer"!) He always knows everything! domestic laws Comparison (2/6) -A clear reference to the Rescue of the Company among the targets of the plan: Greek (art. 107), American (§1123), German (§ 217), French (art. L. 626 – 1) -A clear reference to the Possibility of the "Debtor – In – Possession" and to the "Transfer" of all or of a part of the enterprise: American (§1107), German (§ 270-285, 217 and 220), Greek (art. 18, 78, 109 par. 1b and 106h), French (only for transfer, art. R. 642-1- R. 642-22) -The person that legitimatizes actively to file the plan: 1) 2) Debtor, Trustee: German (§ 218), Greek (art. 108), French (art. L. 626-2, instead of the trustee, the "administrateur"), Debtor, Trustee, Creditor: American (§ 1121) Comparison (3/6) -Organization of the creditors into groups and subgroups: German (§ 222), Greek (art.111), American (§ 1122), French (art. L. 626-29- L.626-35, R. 626-52- R. 626-63) -The Necessary Majorities for the acceptance of the plan: a) Greek: at least 60% of all the claims and 40% of the claims that belong to the secured creditors (art. 121 par. 1) b) American: (for the class of claims) holders of more than 50% in number of the allowed claims and at least holders of 2/3 of the dollar amount of the allowed claims and (for the class of interests) holders of at least 2/3 in the amount of the allowed interests Comparison (4/6) c) German: a totally different formulation, in every group of creditors: 1) the majority of the creditors must have consented to the Plan and 2) the claims of the consented creditors must be more than 50% of the amount of creditors that have voted for the plan (§ 244) d) French: holders of 2/3 claims that have voted for the Plan (art. L. 626 – 30 – 2) -"Creditors that are not impaired by the plan, do not have the right to vote" : German (§ 237 par. 2 InsO), Greek (art. 116 par. 3 ), French (Art. L. 626 – 30 – 2 ) Comparison (5/6) Content – Form: a) "skeleton"/minimum content: Greek (art. 109), German (§ 219, 220 and 221), American (§1123) b) a general description: French (art L. 626-1 and 626-2) – The "filter" of a better satisfaction by liquidation, none: (American and French) ≠ Greek (art. 108 par. 2, 109 par. 1a, 124 par. 1 d), German (§217 and 231) – The principle of "Relative"/ "Economic" Equality: American [§ 1122 (a)], Greek (art. 113 B.C), German (§ 226), French (art. L. 626 – 30 – 2) – "Erga omnes validity": American (§1142), German (§ 254, 257), Greek (art. 125 and 126), French (art. L. 626 – 11) Comparison (6/6) - A special reference to the "Secured Creditors" and the distinction among those that are influenced by the plan and the others that remain intact: German (§ 223, 228), Greek (art. 112), American [§1129 16 (b) (2) (A)], French (art. L. 626 -22) - A special reference to the Possibility of transformation of the creditors' claims into shares by the plan: German (§ 225a), Greek. (art. 109), French (art. L. 626 – 18) - "Cram Down": American (§ 1129), German (§ 245), Greek [art. 120par. 3(b)] Thank you very much for your attention ! When is a Company unable to pay its Debts? An Assessment of the Tests for Corporate Insolvency Vincenzo Volpe (University College London) Defining "Insolvency" • Is it only necessary to determine access to proceedings? OR • Does it have legal significance per se? • A European definition of insolvency? - Article 3 EC Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings 2000. • The UK definition: "inability to pay debts" - Section 123 Insolvency Act 1986. The cash flow test • S. 123(1)(e) IA 1986 A company "is unable to pay its debts as they fall due". The balance sheet test • S. 123(2) IA 1986 A company is also deemed unable to pay its debts "when the value of its assets is less than the amount of its liabilities, taking into account prospective and contingent liabilities". Cash flow: Present vs Future debts • Highberry Limited v Colt Telecom Group Plc - Jacob J. "no shaky, tentative and speculative peering into the middle-distance" when applying the liquidity test. • Re Cheyne Finance Plc - Brigg J. : "the words as they become due look to the future". - Reliance on Australian jurisprudence. Issues with Cheyne • A short-sighted version of the balance sheet test? • How far do we look into the future? • The need to valuate prospective liquidity. Balance sheet: BNY Corporate Trustee Services Ltd v Eurosail-UK • The rationale • The debt/liability distinction • The troubled relationship of law and accounting • Legal title and commercial substance VALUATION of LIABILITIES • Contingent liabilities - Untied to existing obligations - Arising from past events? (FRS 12) • Prospective liabilities - Current transaction or obligation THE METHOD • No mechanistic adding up at face value. • Value is a factual enquiry involving judicial discretion. • Face value discounted for futurity? VALUATION OF ASSETS • Only present assets to be taken into account. • Strategic and structural sources of uncertainty. • Economic distress and break-up value. • Financial distress and going concern surplus. Valuation in Cross-Border Insolvencies • Informational asymmetries • Intangible assets • Facilitating valuation through substantive consolidation. Lunch Academic Forum Sponsors: www.edwincoe.com Edwin Coe Prize Winners (Travel Grants/Book Prizes) Introduction of Guest Speaker Marc Udink (INSOL Europe Honorary Chairman) Edwin Coe Lecture: "Spreading the Gospel: The Mission of Insolvency Law, and the Insolvency Practitioner, in the early Twenty-First Century" Professor Ian Fletcher (University College London) Closing Address and Handover Professor Stefania Bariatti (University of Milan) Academic Forum Sponsors: www.edwincoe.com


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The White House announced a new border security accord with Mexico today intended to weed out terrorists and smugglers but speed up legitimate goods and travelers, many of whom now wait two hours or more to cross into the United States.
President Bush previewed the announcement at a raucous, campaign-style airport rally in this border city in his home state before leaving later in the day for Monterrey, Mexico, for a conference on global aid to the poor. Mr. Bush is to announce the ''smart border'' accord formally with President Vicente Fox of Mexico in Monterrey on Friday.
''We want the legal commerce, the people who travel back and forth on a daily basis, the brothers and sisters on both sides of the border, the relatives that have been coming back and forth for years, to be able to do so in an efficient and easy way,'' Mr. Bush said to hundreds of cheering civilians and troops from nearby Fort Bliss in a packed airport hangar.
But he added that ''we want to use our technology to make sure that we weed out those who we don't want in our country -- the terrorists, the coyotes, the smugglers, those who prey on innocent life.''Continue reading the main story
Coyotes is the term used for people who illegally smuggle immigrants across the border.
The new accord, similar to one between the United States and Canada announced in December, would expand the use of high technology on the 1,951-mile United States-Mexico border. Regular cross-border commuters would be issued an electronic pass, as would some short-haul truckers. That would free border guards to spend more time inspecting suspicious people and goods, White House officials said.
None of the 19 hijackers who commandeered the planes on Sept. 11 are known to have entered the United States through Canada or Mexico, but worries over the security of the borders intensified after the attacks.
''I want this border to be modern,'' Mr. Bush said in El Paso. ''I want it to have the very best technology. I don't want it to be a neglected part of our country.''
Money for the new technology and security would come from $40 billion in emergency spending that Congress approved last year after the attacks. The White House estimated that $1 billion of that $40 billion would be spent on border security. In addition, Mr. Bush said that he was asking Congress for $5 billion more for airport and border security as part of a $27 billion emergency request that his administration sent to Capitol Hill today. If approved, White House officials estimated the additional amount to be spent on border security at $50 million.
After his speech, Mr. Bush toured a United States Customs Service cargo dock where he saw some of the new technology in use. Inside a three-story structure, Mr. Bush watched the demonstration of an X-ray machine, similar to a giant CAT scan, that is used for inspecting trucks for contraband. ''Very interesting,'' Mr. Bush said. Customs officials said that the machine could inspect 10 trucks an hour.
Mr. Bush is to leave Monterrey on Saturday morning for Lima, Peru, despite a bombing that killed nine people on Wednesday night near the American Embassy there.
''You bet I am going,'' Mr. Bush said in the Oval Office moments before he left the White House this morning. ''You know, two-bit terrorists aren't going to prevent me from doing what we need to do, and that is to promote our friendship in the hemisphere.''
White House officials said they had spoken with security personnel in Peru and had determined that it was safe for Mr. Bush to travel.
At Andrews Air Force Base, Mr. Bush, his wife, Laura, and Colin L. Powell, the secretary of state, met with the family of two Americans killed last weekend in a church bombing in Islamabad, Pakistan. Mr. Bush and his wife spoke with Milton Green, the director of the computer section at the American Embassy in Islamabad, and his young son. The Americans killed were Mr. Green's wife, Barbara Green, and her daughter, Kristen Wormsley, a senior at the American school. Mrs. Green was an employee in the human resources center at the embassy.
The father and son, Mr. Bush said, ''lost a wife and a mother when they were going to church, when they were praying to the Almighty God.'' Mr. Bush added that ''this is a dangerous world'' and ''too many people are losing their lives to murderers.''Continue reading the main story


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Affiliations: From the Department of Medicine (Dr. O'Byrne), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; AstraZeneca R&D (Dr. Lamm), Lund, Sweden; University of Wisconsin (Dr. Busse), Madison, WI; University of British Columbia (Dr. Tan), Vancouver, BC, Canada; and the Department of Pediatrics (Dr. Pedersen), University of Odense, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark.
Correspondence to: Paul O'Byrne, MB, FCCP, Department of Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, 1200 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Funding/Support: The START study was funded by AstraZeneca, Lund, Sweden.
Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from the American College of Chest Physicians (www.chestjournal.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml).
© 2009 American College of Chest Physicians
Previous studies have suggested a reduced benefit from therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in asthmatic patients who smoke. The objective of this post hoc study was to study the effects of low-dose inhaled budesonide on lung function in smokers and nonsmokers with mild persistent asthma.
Adult patients (age, ≥ 18 years) in the inhaled Steroid Treatment As Regular Therapy in early asthma (START) study, a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, were stratified according to their smoking habits. The effects on lung function of therapy with budesonide vs placebo were compared in 492 asthmatic patients who smoked habitually and 2,432 nonsmokers.
When treated with placebo, newly diagnosed asthmatic patients who smoke had a greater 3-year decline in post-bronchodilator therapy FEV1, the change being −263.9 mL (SE, 21.8), when compared with nonsmokers on placebo, which was −180.8 mL (SE, 10.6), the mean difference being −83.1 mL (p < 0.001). Budesonide treatment was associated with a statistically significant 3-year increase in post-bronchodilator therapy FEV1 in both groups. The effect of budesonide vs placebo was 71.5 mL (p = 0.011) in smokers and 46.5 mL (p = 0.001) in nonsmokers. The corresponding effect in pre-bronchodilator therapy FEV1 was 118.1 mL (p = 0.002) in smokers and 72.9 mL (p < 0.001) in nonsmokers.
Asthmatic patients who smoke, and are not treated with ICSs, have a greater decline in lung function than asthmatic patients who do not smoke. The benefits of therapy with inhaled budesonide on preventing lung function decline are similar in smokers and nonsmokers with mild persistent asthma.
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Online CalendarsTandem Online CalendarThis calendar is a master calendar of the events at all of the schools in the district. You can filter the calendar to see only the events from the school(s) or group(s) you wish to see. Once on the calendar, just click on "Filter" and select the school(s) or group(s) that are important to you. Learn how to use the Tandem Online Calendar to organize your family's events.
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R. Allen Leider´s Wicca Girl - R. Allen Leider
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Join Druscilla Marie d'Lambert on her amazing odyssey from convent schoolgirl to Queen of the Witches, to MI-6 supernatural agent "Wicca Girl". This first book of the trilogy launches the chaotic chain of events that begins when Satan banishes his serial-killer mistress of 18 years, Countess Jocelyn Von Hagen, and incurs her wrath--a 900 year reign of terror that sweeps up Druscilla, a Medieval girl with a mysterious destiny, and catapults her into a fantastic world of supernatural beings, dark mysteries and international spies. Naturally, there's some time off for shopping with her fire-breathing sidekick, 18 year old Cheralyn Rose Moscowitz, U.C.L.A.'s own Daughter of Darkness and Satan's only Little Princess. Together, they tackle Jocelyn, her powerful son Maxmillian and the evil forces of UMBRA, a supernatural crime syndicate that makes 007's S.P.E.C.T.R.E. look like the Cub Scounts. Danger and death surround our heroines on all sides as the magical and espionage worlds collide head on with 'The Betty and Veronica from Hell'. If you only read one book this year...
Author: Leider, R. Allen
Publisher: Dark Quest, LLC
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Language: ENG
Title: R. Allen Leider's Wicca Girl
Pages: 00000 (Encrypted PDF)
On Sale: 2009-07-25
Category: Fiction : Fantasy - General
Author: Leider, R. Allen
Publisher: Dark Quest, LLC
Illustration: N
Language: ENG
Title: R. Allen Leider's Wicca Girl
Pages: 00000 (Encrypted PDF)
On Sale: 2009-07-25
Category: Fiction : Fantasy - General
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Originally posted on FOX Sports | Last updated 11/1/11
The New York Mets called a news conference Monday to announce how reasonable Citi Field's outfield dimensions will be in 2012 (finally), which probably made David Wright and Jason Bay happy. But it wasn't the news Mets fans were hoping to hear as Jose Reyes heads for the door as a free agent. Instead of unveiling a plan to keep their popular shortstop in Flushing for years to come, ownership is already in surrender mode. The Wilpon family has decided against launching a pre-emptive strike. That means there'll be no furious, behind-the-scenes negotiating, similar to what the New York Yankees conducted to keep CC Sabathia from opting out of his contract. Mets general manager Sandy Alderson says Reyes will be set free and will be given the chance to determine his worth before the Mets make an offer. In other words: Goodbye, Jose. It's impossible for the Mets to separate themselves from an all-too-obvious truth: They simply don't have the funds to head Reyes off at the pass. Compou...
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text: Glorygadget - direct shipping and low prices on all the top brands of Telephones - Shopping online has never been easier! If you are hunting for Telephone products, then dont forget to check this site dedicated solely to Telephone products. Dont pay retail for that Telephone, here at Glorygadget you can compare prices from other stores to get the best price. Buy Telephones online - It's quick, easy and hassle free! Find the latest deals on all your favorites at Glorygadget. - [Read more]


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Ola Björling
3,605pages onAdd New Page
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Ola Björling (aka citrus or ukiro) is a Doomer known for his maps and textures. His work includes The Darkening Episode 2, Overload DM, Venom and the two Tantrum maps. Ola was voted as the community's fifth favourite mapper as part of Doomworld's 5 years of Doom celebrations.
- Tantrum at Doomworld/idgames (1996)
- The Talosian Incident at Doomworld/idgames (1997)
- Venom at Doomworld/idgames (1998)
- Tantrum 2 at Doomworld/idgames (1998)
- Overload Deathmatches at Doomworld/idgames (1998)
- The Darkening Episode 2 (2000)


text:
Best Friends Greeting Card
Crafting Time:
- 1-2 Hours
Skill Level:
- Beginner
Project Courtesy of: The Paper Company
Additional Information
- 8-1/2"x11" Earth's Garden cardstock value pack
- 6 Adhesive foam squares
- Glue stick
- Rough & Tumble Metal Art hardware brads
- Making Memories In Bloom pebble brads
- Rub-on words
- Memory Boutique Friendship embellishment kit
- Adhesive
- Scissors or paper trimmer
- Cut a piece of brown cardstock to 10"x7" and fold along the middle to create a 5"x7" card. Place so height is taller than width.
- Cut one dark green and one beige cardstock to 4-7/8"x3-3/8" and adhere the beige above the green, leaving about 1/8" around all edges, so brown edge shows.
- Cut light green cardstock to 2-5/8"x2-5/8" and place angled as shown on beige cardstock. Adhere in place.
- Cut orange cardstock to 2-3/8"x2-3/8". Center on green square, adhere in place.
- Cut brown cardstock to 1-7/8"x1-7/8". Center on orange square, adhere in place.
- Cut pink cardstock to 1-3/8"x1-3/8". Center on brown square, adhere in place.
- Cut pink cardstock to 3-1/8"x3/4" and place on bottom green rectangle as shown and adhere in place.
- Repeat step 7 with orange and light green cardstock. Adhere in place.
- Cut brown strip to 10-1/4"x3/4" and place on center of entire cardstock and wrap around to back. Adhere in place.
- Rub on words of choice on each of the strips on bottom half of card.
- Place four small brads in upper right hand corner as shown and place large brads as shown, one on each of the three strips on bottom half of card.
- Use adhesive foam squares and place Rough and Tumble Metal Art brads on middle brown band as shown.
- Embellish with flowers as desired.


text:
Schumacher, who is gunning for an unprecedented eighth drivers' championship - his sixth with Ferrari - in his final season, believes Ferrari will work as well and as closely with Raikkonen as they did with him.
"I don't think it will be difficult at all," said Schumacher. "Firstly, he is very talented and secondly, Ferrari have taken Kimi on board because that is in their interests and they therefore want to be successful with him. They will do everything required for that."
Schumacher announced his intention to retire following his win at the Italian Grand Prix at Monza in early September and that decision paved the way for Ferrari to end months of speculation and name Raikkonen as his replacement.
And while the Finn has impressed during his tenure at McLaren, the onus will be on him to fill the massive shoes left by Schumacher.
The German could clinch the drivers' title this weekend with victory at Suzuka coupled with a failure by defending champion Fernando Alonso to finish in the points, while there will also be pressure on Felipe Massa to finish in the top eight as Renault and Ferrari continue their battle for the constructors' championship.
Raikkonen will team up with Massa next season and he is upbeat about the pair working together.
The Brazilian has spent the entire season at Ferrari and, although Raikkonen concedes that gives Massa an advantage, he believes that can be overturned during winter testing.
"I think he is a nice guy and I know him a little bit and I can't see any reason why we shouldn't be working well together, so it will be good," he said.
"For sure, it will be easier for him because he has been there testing and racing this year, but I have all the winter and plenty of time to get to know the people and get used to everything, so there is no reason why there should be any advantage for him."
- More about:
- Ferrari


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Budget Hotels in Bahariya Oasis
About Bahariya Oasis
C. Hitch your way into a van to the Blue and the White deserts: From either Giza or Cairo, get a van to take you to the Bahariya Oasis. Bahariya is the gateway to the Egyptian deserts. Enjoy a traditional welcome with some folk music and chai before getting on to a 4X4 into the deserts.
Bahariya Oasis
How To Reach
Book a Package Tour
15 Hotels found


text:
Mice Laserpointer Cat Toy
We and you know that cats can get insanely obsessive about chasing after every moving objects.
Serve your cats need of playing around and fall into deep laughter when you see your cute fella chasing down the laser point! Sheer hilarious!
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Delivery to USA takes 12-24 Business Days
Delivery outside of USA takes 18-36 Business Days


text:
21 Mar 2006, 10:10pm by Michael David Smith
The Falcons, Jets and Broncos appear to be putting the finishing touches on a trade that will give Abraham, a third-rounder in this year's draft and a fourth-rounder in 2007 to the Falcons, the 29th pick in the draft to the Jets, and the 15th pick in the draft to the Broncos. Feel free to speculate here about what the Jets will do with the 29th pick and what the Broncos will do with the 15th. Are more trades with those picks coming?
55 comments, Last at 29 Mar 2006, 6:56am by TCA
21 Mar 2006, 08:55pm by P. Ryan Wilson
Huh. Didn't see that coming. Now all that's left is for Mike Vanderjagt to sign with the Patriots.
148 comments, Last at 27 Mar 2006, 11:26pm by Sid
21 Mar 2006, 05:10pm by P. Ryan Wilson
Don Banks gives us his free agency winners and losers in a column that's sure to create some controversy (which is the idea, I suppose). It's easy to argue with such lists, but I'll just point out one thing: Banks notes the Redskins are losers because of -- you guessed it -- their impending salary cap doom. Has a team had a better free agency than Washington?
63 comments, Last at 22 Mar 2006, 3:40pm by Ron Mexico
21 Mar 2006, 12:39pm by Aaron Schatz
Yesterday, the Cleveland Browns dealt safety Chris Crocker to Atlanta for a fourth-round pick. This leaves just nine draft picks from the Butch Davis Era (2001-2004) still on the team. Only three of those players are starters: linebackers Andra Davis and Ben Taylor, and tight end Kellen Winslow -- assuming you want to count a guy who has only played two games in two years as a "starter." Center Jeff Faine was a starter, but has been essentially replaced by LeCharles Bentley and given permission to seek a trade.
29 comments, Last at 22 Mar 2006, 5:16pm by Staubach12
21 Mar 2006, 11:53am by P. Ryan Wilson
The Seahawks lost guard Steven Hutchinson to the Vikings, but signed linebacker Julian Peterson to a seven-year, $54 million contract. I don't think Peterson was signed to replace Hutchinson, so who'll play left guard for Seattle in 2006? And how will this effect Shaun Alexander and the running game?
37 comments, Last at 16 Apr 2006, 1:45pm by Tony
20 Mar 2006, 03:31pm by Michael David Smith
Paul Tagliabue is calling it quits. Roger Goodell, the NFL's chief operating officer, and Atlanta general manager Rich McKay are the two leading candidates to succeed Tagliabue. Baltimore Ravens president Dick Cass is considered a dark horse. Anyone have thoughts on these three, or any other potential commissioners?
30 comments, Last at 28 Mar 2006, 7:10pm by Jeff
20 Mar 2006, 03:14pm by P. Ryan Wilson
It's official: the Lions are moving forward without Joey Harrington. Well, it's not quite official, but according to the AP, "[Marinelli] declined to say whether Harrington had been released but he told reporters Monday: 'We've made a decision to move on... At this moment, he's not with us... That's been my decision.'"
44 comments, Last at 22 Mar 2006, 9:07pm by empty13
20 Mar 2006, 12:50pm by P. Ryan Wilson
Peter King has some thoughts on the Cowboys signing T.O., David Givens bolting for the Titans, the Sopranos and his NCAA tournament bracket.
89 comments, Last at 22 Mar 2006, 3:52pm by Starshatterer
20 Mar 2006, 10:46am by P. Ryan Wilson
It looks like the Ravens may wait until after the draft before adding some warm bodies at the quarterback position. Instead of settling on guys like Kerry Collins or Brian Griese now, Baltimore could try and land Steve McNair after April 30th depending on whether the Titans draft a QB and think Billy Volek can hold down the fort in the meantime. It will be interesting to see what happens if Tennessee doesn't release McNair and Collins and Griese have signed elsewhere.
10 comments, Last at 20 Mar 2006, 9:03pm by Stevie
17 Mar 2006, 06:08pm by P. Ryan Wilson
Well, it looks like the Jets and Redskins split the difference. Yesterday I mentioned that New York was only willing to give up a seventh round pick for Patrick Ramsey while Washington was looking for a fourth rounder. Today the Jets got Ramsey for a sixth round pick. New York inherits Ramsey's contract, which only has a year left, so it'll be interesting to see what kind of deal they'll give him, and when they'll do it.
43 comments, Last at 20 Mar 2006, 3:03pm by Steve
The quarterback class of 2004 had wildly different results when it came to would-be interceptions that were dropped by defenders. Ben Roethlisberger and Eli Manning were very lucky. Philip Rivers? Not so much.


text:
Having problems with your Vacuums ?
Eureka model 5048 b owners manual - Vacuums
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Repair Help & Product Troubleshooting for Vacuums
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text:
The TVECA is an electronic cigarette trade group which has been established to provide the media, legislative bodies and those that are currently using the electronic cigarette (e-cig) a single industry resource to simply provide the scientific facts behind a new technology that has garnered disinformation.
The TVECA, as the longest running international electronic cigarette trade association, institutes and promotes industry-wide standards and a code of conduct, work to maintain sound professional practices and work with government agencies to ensure member compliance to all state, local, and federal tobacco & vapor law.
All TVECA members have been screened for compliance to all current industry standards and practices. All TVECA members adhere to principals of the TVECA. The TVECA acts as a voice for the e-cigarette industry. Please contact us to speak with or schedule an interview.
U.S. President Donald Trump has chosen Dr. Scott Gottlieb, a conservative health policy expert with deep ties to the pharmaceutical industry, to lead the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the White House said on Friday.
If confirmed by the Senate, Gottlieb would be in charge of implementing Trump's plan to dramatically cut regulations governing food, drugs, cosmetics, dietary supplements and tobacco.
Gottlieb is well known on Capitol Hill, where he has testified multiple times on hot-button health issues, including complex drug pricing matters, and is viewed favorably by drug companies and pharmaceutical investors. He sits on the boards of several small drug and biotech companies and is an adviser to GlaxoSmithKline Plc (GSK.L).
"Thank God it's Gottlieb," Brian Skorney, an investment analyst at Robert W. Baird, wrote in a research note. "We view this as a favorable development for the sector."
Gottlieb was chosen over Jim O'Neill, a libertarian investor close to Silicon Valley billionaire Peter Thiel, a PayPal co-founder who now advises Trump on technology and science matters. O'Neill's stated view that drugs should be approved before being proven effective generated widespread alarm.
Gottlieb, 44, is a resident fellow at the conservative American Enterprise Institute think tank and a partner at a large venture capital fund. He is a former FDA deputy commissioner who has advocated a loosening of requirements needed for approval of new medical products.
"Scott knows how the agency works and he will move it forwards, though maybe not always in ways the agency is comfortable with," said John Taylor, a lawyer and president of compliance and regulatory affairs with the consulting firm Greenleaf Health and a former acting FDA deputy commissioner.
In addition to his public health and health policy roles, Gottlieb has for the past decade been a partner at New Enterprise Associates, a large venture fund with investments in the life sciences, medical technology and healthcare services.
Critics of the nomination say Gottlieb's financial background present an array of potential conflicts of interest.
Dr. Michael Carome, director of Public Citizen's Health Research Group, said Gottlieb "has spent most of his career dedicated to promoting the financial interests of the pharmaceutical industry." If confirmed, he added, "he will have to be recused from key decisions time and time again."
You can read more Here
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text:
Awkward Family Photos: These Families Were Less Than Thrilled To Have Their Photo Taken
Family Day is just another reason for your parents to make you take obligatory family photos. While some jump at the chance to take memorable pictures together, others are less than thrilled. Just take a look at the prime examples below.
"This photo always brings to mind the Ramones song... 'We're a happy family. We're a happy family. We're a happy family. Me, mom and daddy.' I think my family always hated family photo day & you can tell from the look on my dad & brothers' faces."
"My family at my grandparents' house taking our annual family gathering photo… we are so thrilled clearly."
"The eye roll heard around the world."
"This was taken a few weeks ago during our first family portrait. A friend thought it was staged, but it's not at all. After about 10 minutes of taking pictures it was getting pretty hard to wrangle my son. I actually love this photo the most because it really captures the family dynamic well."
"Our family, 1996. AWESOME SHIRTS."
"This picture was a free session done at our local bank. When they asked how many copies we wanted to order, our Mom laughed. She was surprised we didn't break the camera!"
"It's so nice when we can all be together, isn't it?"
"The conversation really flows at our family gatherings."
"My brothers hated having their picture taken, so I'm guessing that's what's up with them. As for the rest of us, I don't know what the problem is."
"What should have been such a simple thing. 'Let's take a picture,' turned into this. Apparently, taking a picture with Mom and Dad was just too much to ask. Thankfully, we moved on from this awkward moment."
"I'm not sure what was going on, but I didn't want anyone near me."
"We were standing waiting for the pictures to be taking – all of us doing whatever. My husband was taking the pictures and he was testing the shot. Just really funny. Could not have posed this one if we tried."
Can't get enough of these Awkward Family Photos? Visit here to see more.


text:
Mobile App
Shri Tapi Brahmcharyashram Sabha College Of Diploma Engineering - STBSCDE
Shree Tapi Brahamcharyashram Sabha College of Diploma Engineering was established in January -2002, by Shree Tapi Brahmcharyashram Sabha Trust. The College is affiliated to Gujarat Technological University (GTU) approved by AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) Shree Tapi Brahamcharyashram Sabha trust was rooted in 1924 by Shree Swami Atmanand Saraswati, a great social reformer and educationalist. The members of the trust are people with deep interest and commitment to develop state-of-the-art Infrastructure for educational pursuit. Our visionary trustees have been toiling hard to give these institution splendid physical and cultural dimensions. From the beginning, we have created benchmarks on the engineering education community of Gujarat. To work with innovative idea in technology, to solve the real life problems and to face the changes and challenges of this new age, our institute is the best place for students seeking a solid technological and scientific foundation and personal interaction with the eminent teachers imparting quality teaching in various disciplines. STBS College of diploma Engineering emphasizes to impart quality education to the students and thereby make dynamic professional in their respective fields and worthy citizens of great country. Rising prestige of STBS College is not only to provide higher degree of academic excellence but to present potential youth in the world of engineering by means of extracting their talent.
Overview Courses
|Total faculty
Overview Placement
The institute is having T & P Cell, which helps the students for their industrial training during the courses and recruitment's after completion of diploma courses. From last three years, the T&P Cell of the institute is organizing "Bharti Mela" (Apprenticeship Engagement Camp).
Overview 360° View
|Last Update
|18 Apr, 2016