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The ability to quickly detect changes in our surroundings has been crucial to human adaption and survival. In everyday life we often need to identify whether an object is new and if an object has changed its location. In the current event-related potential (ERP) study we investigated the electrophysiological correlates and the time course in detecting different types of changes of an objecṫs location and identity. In a delayed match-to-sample task participants had to indicate whether two consecutive scenes containing a road, a house, and two objects, were either the same or different. In six randomly intermixed conditions the second scene was identical, one of the objects had changed its identity, one of the objects had changed its location, or the objects had switched locations. The results reveal different time courses for the processing of identity and location changes in spatial scenes. Whereas location changes elicited a posterior N2 effect, indicating early mismatch detection, followed by a P3 effect reflecting post-perceptual processing, identity changes elicited an anterior N3 effect, which was delayed and functionally distinct from the N2 effect found for the location changes. The condition in which two objects switched position elicited a late ERP effect, reflected by a P3 effect similar to that obtained for the location changes. In sum, this study is the first to cohesively show different time courses for the processing of location changes, identity changes, and object switches in spatial scenes, which manifest themselves in different electrophysiological correlates.
Citation: van Hoogmoed AH, van den Brink D, Janzen G (2012) Electrophysiological Correlates of Object Location and Object Identity Processing in Spatial Scenes. PLoS ONE 7(7): e41180. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041180
Editor: Hans P. Op de Beeck, University of Leuven, Belgium
Received: January 17, 2012; Accepted: June 18, 2012; Published: July 18, 2012
Copyright: © 2012 van Hoogmoed et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Vidi Grant no. 452-07-015) and by the European Commission (ERC Starting Independent Researcher Grant no. 204643). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Ungerleider and Mishkin's theory [1] proposing that the ventral stream is more active for processing object identity, while the dorsal stream is more active for processing spatial information has been confirmed by many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies and electrophysiological studies in macaques [2]–[8]. In contrast, other studies both in macaques and humans question the validity of a strict dorsal/ventral dual-stream model, showing both streams are active in both identity and location processing [9]–[12]. However, several event-related potential (ERP) studies have revealed different time courses for the processing of object location and object identity information, with some, but not all favoring spatially based information over identity based information [13]–[15]. Furthermore, multiple different ERP correlates have been suggested to be related to the processing of object location and object identity, including N2 and P3 effects [13], [14], [16]–[19]. The posterior N2 effect has been found to be related to the detection of a change [20]–[22], and in a review article by Koivisto and Revonsuo [23] has been interpreted as an instance of the visual awareness negativity (VAN). This VAN is related to the moment an individual becomes aware of a change with respect to visual information held in memory [23], [24]. Posterior N2 effects are often followed by a P3 effect, which has been shown to be related to confidence of the response [21] and to conscious postperceptual processing [23], [24]. On the other hand, the N2 effect has also been found to be followed by a second sustained lateralized negativity when objects have to be encoded in greater detail [25].
All of the neuropsychological studies mentioned above have focused on visual object identification and location processing on blank backgrounds. However, there is reason to believe that objects are processed differently when presented in an environment [26], [27]. Murphy et al. [28] performed an ERP study on locating and identifying objects in a spatial environment, and found that changes in object identity elicited earlier P3 effects than changes in object location. However, in their study, a stronger emphasis was placed on the identity of the objects compared to the location of the objects. After studying the stimuli, during the test phase, participants had to indicate whether the identity of the object was either the same or different as the studied object, regardless of whether the object was in a different location compared to the study phase. In the present ERP study we investigated the time course of detecting different types of changes of an objecṫs location and identity when objects were presented in an environment. We adopted a paradigm in which equal emphasis was placed on both object location and object identity. In addition, we investigated the possible segregation of these kinds of change detections in terms of electrophysiological correlates. Furthermore, we were also interested in the electrophysiological signature of the processing of instances where two objects switch location, in which both spatial and featural information need to be integrated for the detection of a change.
To unravel the time course and ERP components related to detecting changes in object identities and object locations in an environment, we presented objects in contextually rich spatial scenes containing a house, a road, and two objects. In order to equally emphasize object identity and object location, we contrasted them directly in a single task in which, using a delayed response paradigm, participants had to decide whether a second scene was identical to a first scene or not. Six conditions were randomly presented in this task (Figure 1A). In (a) the match condition, the second scene was identical to the first scene, in (b) the side change condition, one object's location changed sides in the visual display, in (c) the depth change condition, one object's location was moved in depth, in (d) the disappearance condition, one of the objects disappeared, in (e) the identity change condition, one of the objects was replaced by another object, and in (f) the switch condition, the objects switched position, measuring object-to-location binding. Conditions (b), (c), and (d) were all considered location change conditions, since one of the objects left its initial location, while in conditions (e) and (f) both initial locations remained occupied by an object.
A) Illustrative examples of experimental conditions, B) Graphic display of time course of the trials.
Our hypothesis regarding the time course of detecting location and identity changes was that location changes would be processed earlier than identity changes [13], [14]. This is in line with a recent neuronal model on scene processing which proposes that global scene layout is processed first to form a hypothesis on target location, after which this location is processed more deeply to identify the object [29], [30]. Both location changes and identity changes were hypothesized to elicit earlier effects than the object switch condition, since information about the objects identities needs to be bound to their respective locations in order to detect a change and attention to both objects is needed to do so [31]. We expected time course differences between conditions to manifest themselves at the level of the N2 component, reflecting visual change detection processes [20]–[22], and the P3 component, reflecting post perceptual processing [23], [24]. Furthermore, we hypothesized that object location and object identity processing in scenes would manifest themselves in different ERP components [2]–[8], [13], [19].
Ethics Statement
All participants provided written informed consent in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the local ethics committee (Commissie Mensgebonden Onderzoek region Arnhem-Nijmegen, The Netherlands).
Twenty-three paid volunteers participated in this study, after having given written informed consent. Three participants were excluded from the analyses, two due to problems with the recording computer, and one because of a large number of errors (deviating more than 3 sd from the mean). Thus, twenty participants (10 men, 10 women) remained in the sample. They were all right-handed as assessed by a self-reporting questionnaire. Their mean age was 22.7 years (ranging from 18.2 to 28.5) and they were mostly undergraduate students from the Radboud University Nijmegen. Participants had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and were not color blind.
The stimuli consisted of computer-generated environments created with Google Sketchup™ (see Figure 1A). This program allows for the creation of 3D environments. These environments are scaled environments and one can measure 'real life' sizes of objects and distances between objects in the environment. For example, the front wall of the house measured 6 by 10.5 m. Two objects were placed along the road, which in half of the trials ran from the left bottom of the scene, and in the other half from the right bottom of the scene up to the house centered just above the middle of the scene. The objects could be placed at 4 locations along the road. These locations were either 20 or 38 meters in front of the house (in real size) and were placed at 5 meters horizontal distance from the road (measured from the middle of the object) at both sides. All objects were familiar objects scaled to their normal size. The locations of the objects were counterbalanced. The viewpoint was 72.83 meters from the house, with a viewing angle of 36.6 degrees (10.75 m high) centered at the middle of the front door of the house.
In total, 45 different objects were used to create the stimuli. The object names and real sizes of the objects are reported in Table S1. They were paired differently in each trial, to construct a total of 360 trials. In addition, 4 different objects were used to construct four practice trials. The experiment contained six conditions: a) match, b) side change, c) depth change, d) disappearance, e) identity change, or f) switch (see Figure 1A). In the match condition, the second scene (S2) was the same as the first scene (S1). In the side change condition, one of the objects was moved to the other side of the road in S2, but stayed at the original distance from the house (either 20 or 38 m). In the depth change condition, one of the objects was moved to a new position along the road (from 20 to 38 m or vice versa), but stayed at the same side of the road. In the disappearance condition, one of the objects disappeared. In the identity change condition, one of the objects was replaced by another object. Finally, in the switch condition, the objects from S1 switched positions with each other. For illustration purposes, all scenes in Figure 1A were derived from the same sample scene, but in the experiment no scene appeared in more than one trial. Side change, depth change, and disappearance are all location change conditions, i.e., one of the locations occupied by an object in S1 is not occupied in S2. The scenes were sized 16.7 by 10.6 cm and displayed on a 27×34 cm screen to keep eye-movements as limited as possible. The remaining part of the screen was black.
Participants were equipped with an electrode cap and seated in an electrically shielded room in front of a computer screen at a distance of approximately 60 cm. After they were comfortably seated, the task instruction was visually displayed on the screen. Participants were told that they would be shown two consecutive scenes and they had to press a mouse button after the second picture disappeared to indicate whether the scenes were the same (left button) or different (right button). They were instructed to blink during the presentation of a blinking star displayed in between trials and to blink as little as possible during the rest of the trial. They were also instructed to keep their gaze fixed on the middle of the screen (where the fixation cross was presented), but that they could move their eyes if it was otherwise impossible to see the whole scene.
The time course of a trial is shown in Figure 1B. First, a fixation cross was displayed for 1000 ms, followed by presentation of S1 for 1200 milliseconds. After that a fixation cross was shown which was jittered in duration between 1000 and 2000 milliseconds. Then S2 was presented for 2000 milliseconds followed by the words 'Kies nu' ('Choose now') which indicated that the participant should respond. After the participant had responded, a blinking star was displayed for 2000 ms, indicating that the participants were allowed to blink. All conditions apart from the match condition contained 45 trials. In the latter condition 135 trials were presented to avoid a bias towards pressing the 'different' button.
Four practice trials were used to familiarize the participants with the experimental setting, after which they could ask questions to the experimenter. Next, the experiment started when the participant pressed a button. In total, 5 blocks of 72 trials each were presented to the participant. Each block lasted about 10 minutes and there were breaks in between the blocks.
EEG Recordings and Analyses
EEG data were recorded with a 64-electrode equidistant actiCAP (Brain Products GmbH) referenced to the left mastoid (Figure 2). Signals were passed through a BrainAmp DC amplifier (Brain Products GmbH) and were recorded on-line with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. Measured activity was filtered on-line using a 200 Hz low-pass filter, and a time constant of 10 sec. To measure eye movements, an additional electrode was placed below the left eye. Impedance was kept below 20 KΩ, which is a standard setting in active electrode recording. Data were analyzed in the Matlab-based open source program Fieldtrip [32]. EEG signals were re-referenced to the mean of the left and right mastoid. The signals were screened manually for movement and muscle artifacts and then corrected for horizontal and vertical eye movements by employing the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) method [33]. Signals were filtered with a 0.1 to 40 Hz band-pass filter. Then EEG data were segmented from 200 ms before to 1200 ms after the onset of S2. Segments were baseline-corrected by subtracting the mean amplitude in the −200 to 0 ms pre-stimulus interval. Only correct trials were analyzed. For each electrode ERPs were computed by averaging the segments of artifact-free trials per condition. A mean of 40 to 42 trials per condition were available for the computation of the ERPs with a minimum of 32 epochs per condition per subject. In the match condition, only every third trial was included in the final analysis to keep the number of trials in each condition similar. Mean amplitudes of four latency windows surrounding the peak latency of distinct ERP components were entered into our analyses: Based on our hypotheses, analyses were conducted in latency windows surrounding the N2 (190–250 ms), and P3 (300–500 ms) peaks. In addition, based on visual inspection, mean amplitudes in N1 (80–140 ms) and N3 (250–400 ms) latency windows were analyzed.
Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVAs on the mean amplitude values with the within-subject factors Condition (6 levels) and Region (5 levels). For the factor Region, five clusters of seven electrodes were constructed; central (electrodes 1–7), left anterior (18, 19, 32, 33, 34, 48, 49), right anterior (9, 10, 21, 22, 23, 37, 38), left posterior (15, 16, 28, 29, 30, 44, 45), and right posterior (12, 13, 25, 26, 27, 41, 42) (see Figure 2). Greenhousse-Geisser correction for nonsphericity [34] was applied whenever appropriate. Corrected p values are reported along with original degrees of freedom.
Behavioral Performance
Participants' performances were highly accurate. Percentages of correctly answered trials per condition are reported in Table 1. Reaction times were not analyzed because participants were instructed to give a delayed response 2 seconds after the stimuli were presented.
Event-related Potentials
The ERP waveforms for all conditions are shown in Figures 3A and 3B. The figures show that the waveforms of the side change, depth change, and disappearance conditions are all deviating from the match around 200 ms after stimulus onset (Figure 3A), while the waveforms for the identity change and switch conditions deviate from the match later at around 300 ms after stimulus onset (Figure 3B). However, the identity change and switch do not resemble each other, with the identity change condition deviating negatively from the match condition and the switch condition revealing a somewhat delayed positive effect compared to the match condition.
Omnibus analyses.
As a first step, omnibus ANOVAs with the within-subject factors Condition (6 levels) and Region (5 levels) were carried out on the preselected time windows. The statistical results are shown in Table 2. In the N1 latency window (80–140 ms), a fronto-central negativity was found in all conditions, which did not differ between conditions. In the N2 latency window (190–250 ms), a fronto-central negativity was elicited, together with a posteriorly distributed positivity. The ANOVA did not reveal a main effect of Condition, but a significant interaction between Condition and Region was obtained. In the N3 latency window (250–400 ms), a negativity can be seen for the identity change condition compared to the match condition, in the absence of a negativity in the other conditions. This was confirmed by a main effect of both Condition and Region, and an interaction between these factors. In the P3 latency window, Figure 3 illustrates a positive component at central and posterior electrodes in all conditions. The ANOVA revealed a main effect of Condition, a main effect of Region, and an interaction between these two factors. Next, separate ANOVAs were carried out in the N2 and P3 time windows, comparing all conditions separately to the match condition. Whenever a significant effect of Condition or an interaction between Condition and Region was found, differences between conditions were tested separately for each region. Results of these analyses are reported in Table 3 and 4. In the N3 time window an ANOVA was carried out, comparing the identity change to the match, since only the identity change showed a negative effect compared to the match.
N2 latency window.
Scalp distributions of all non-matching conditions minus the match condition are shown in Figure 4. Statistical results are reported in Table 3. While the analyses on the side change, depth change, and disappearance conditions all elicited an interaction between Condition and Region, the identity change and switch conditions neither resulted in an effect of Condition, nor in an interaction between Condition and Region. Figure 4 shows that the depth change, and disappearance elicited an anterior P2 and posterior N2 compared to the match condition in this time window, while the identity change and switch conditions did not differ from the match, which was confirmed by the post-hoc analyses. For the side change condition, the interaction was also significant and a similar pattern as in the depth change and disappearance conditions can be observed. However, here post-hoc tests failed to reach significance.
N3 latency window.
In the N3 latency window, we only observed a negativity in the identity change condition compared to the match condition. Statistical analysis revealed a marginally significant effect of Condition (F (1,19) = 3.61, p = .073), a main effect of Region (F (4,76) = 80.73, p<.001), and an interaction between these factors (F (4,76) = 5.93, p = .002). Identity change was found to elicit an anterior N3 effect compared to the match (LA: F (1,19) = 8.92, p = .008, RA: F (1,19) = 7.13, p = .015).
P3 latency window.
Statistical results of the ANOVAs in the P3 window are reported in Table 4. Scalp distributions of differences between the non-matching conditions and the match condition are shown in Figure 4. The results revealed a significant main effect of Condition for all contrasts involving the match condition except for the identity change versus match. In addition, significant interactions between Condition and Region were found for all comparisons against the match. For the side change, depth change, and disappearance conditions the P3 effect was significant in all regions, with a maximum over the central areas (see Figure 4). In the switch condition, the P3 effect had a less widespread distribution across the scalp, confirmed by significant main effects in all but the left anterior region. In the identity change condition, significant effects of condition were only found in the anterior regions. However, as can be seen in Figure 4, this is due to a negativity of the identity change compared to the match instead of a P3 effect. However, in a slightly later time window, the identity change seems to show a P3 effect compared to the match condition. Additional statistical analyses of the 450–650 ms latency window did reveal a significantly larger amplitude in the identity change condition than the match condition at central and posterior sites (all p<.005).
Side change, depth change, and disappearance.
We were interested in differences between the different location change conditions. A difference between side and depth change versus disappearance would indicate that the scenes are processed further after one detects that the object has disappeared from its original location. A difference between side change and depth change could indicate a difference between categorical and coordinate changes [35], [36].
The three location change conditions were tested against each other in the N2 and P3 time windows. In the N2 window no effect of Condition and no interaction between Condition and Region were obtained. In the P3 time window, no main effect of Condition, but a significant effect of Region (F (4,76) = 52.71, p<.001), and an interaction between Condition and Region (F (8,152) = 6.51, p<.001) were found. Side change elicited a larger P3 effect than depth change in the right posterior region (F (1,19) = 5.83, p = .026). The P3 in the disappearance condition was more right lateralized than in the side change and depth change conditions. This was confirmed by a larger positivity at the left posterior sites for both side and depth change compared to disappearance (F (1,19) = 21.64, p<.001, and F (1,19) = 13.01, p = .002, respectively).
Identity change vs. switch.
The identity change and switch were tested in a Condition (2)×Region (5) repeated measures ANOVA in the N2, N3 and P3 latency windows. In the N2 latency window, no effect of Condition, and no interaction between Condition and Region were found. In the N3 latency window, effects of Condition (F (1,19) = 11.26, p = .003) and Region (F (4,76) = 76.10, p<.001) were obtained, but no interaction between the two factors. Identity change elicited a larger anterior negativity and a smaller posterior positivity than the switch. In the P3 latency window effects of Condition (F (1,19) = 31.91, p<.001), as well as Region (F (4,76) = 74.76, p<.001), and an interaction between Condition and Region (F (4,76) = 5.74, p = .005) were found. Switch elicited a larger positivity in all regions (all Fs>13.5, p≤.002). This effect was larger in the central region than in the other regions (all Fs>9.72, p≤.006), and it was smaller in the right posterior region relative to the left posterior region (F (4,76) = 5.42, p = .031).
In the present ERP study, we investigated the time course and electrophysiological correlates of processing object location and object identity in spatial scenes. In a delayed match-to-sample task participants had to indicate whether two consecutive scenes, both containing a road, a house, and two objects, were either the same or different. The scenes were identical, one of the objects had changed identity, one of the objects had changed location, or the objects had switched positions. The results show that location changes are detected earlier than identity changes, which in turn are detected faster than object switches. These effects are reflected by modulations of the N2, N3, and P3 components.
Relative to the match, all location change conditions revealed a posterior N2 effect in the 190–250 ms latency window, although in the side change condition this effect did not reach statistical significance (see Figure 4). The observed N2 effect reflects the detection of a change in a visual stimulus and could be interpreted as an instance of the VAN [21]–[24]. These results show that in this early time window, location changes have already been detected, while identity changes and object switches have not. Importantly, the effect in this time window cannot be explained by differences in visual attention between the conditions, as the conditions were randomly intermixed in this study. Moreover, it has been shown that differences in attention to visual stimuli are reflected in an N1 effect [37], and we did not find an effect of condition in the N1 window. Therefore, we interpret the posterior N2 effects as reflecting the detection of a visual change.
The results show that ERPs to identity changes deviate somewhat later from the match condition than location changes, resulting in an N3 effect in the 250–400 ms latency window. One may argue that this negative effect reflects a delayed VAN, as it has previously been shown that the latency of the VAN can be delayed until 460 ms depending on the contrast between the stimuli [23]. However, the N3 effect in our study reaches its maximum amplitude at anterior electrode sites whereas the VAN has been shown to have a posterior scalp distribution. These differences in scalp distribution indicate that the N3 effect is functionally different from the N2 effect in the location change conditions. Indeed, a similar anteriorly distributed N3 effect has previously been found to reflect processing of object specific representations [20], [38]. Only after objects presented in the scene have been identified and compared to object representations in memory, a difference can be detected. These results show that object specific processing within an environment takes place within 400 ms after presentation of the second stimulus.
The 300-to-500 ms time window revealed P3 effects for several conditions. Amplitude modulations of the P3 component were found for location changes and the switch compared to the match and identity change. The effect was even larger for the location changes compared to the switch. These results are in line with previous studies presenting objects on blank screens showing larger P3 amplitudes for location changes relative to matches [16], and a larger amplitude for location changes than identity changes [17]. The switch condition did not deviate from the match until this time window, suggesting that the switch was detected only after 300–500 ms, and thus later than the location change and identity change. This is in line with the theory that both information about location and identity of the object have to be bound together, and this requires integration of information processed in the dorsal and ventral stream [1].
The only condition that did not show a larger P3 compared to the match in the 300 to 500 ms latency range, was the identity change condition. However, the identity change did elicit a small P3 effect in a slightly later time window. This later occurrence of the positive effect in the identity change condition is possibly due to the elicitation of an overlapping N3 component in the identity change condition. Alternatively, the apparent P3 latency difference between the identity change condition and the location change conditions may also reflect a longer duration of perceptual and decision-related processing in the identity change condition [21], [28], [39], [40]. This would be an indication that the detection of the identity changes requires more effort than the detection of location changes. In addition, irrespective of the latency difference, the P3 amplitude of the identity change appears to be smaller than the amplitude of the location changes. The P3 amplitude has previously been shown to be inversely related to the difficulty of stimulus evaluation [39], [40] and to the confidence of the response [21], [41], providing further evidence for more effortful processing of identity changes relative to location changes.
The present study also provided an opportunity to test for more subtle differences between multiple types of location changes. We, therefore, compared the side change, depth change, and disappearance condition with each other. Results show that only the P3 component was modulated differently in these conditions. An effect was shown for side change and depth change compared to disappearance. While the P3 was centrally distributed for the side and depth change, in the disappearance condition it was more right lateralized. This implies that scenes in which an object has moved to another place are processed differently from a scene in which one of the objects has disappeared. Moreover, it shows that despite being able to perform the task while only attending to the locations that were previously filled with an object, participants processed the whole scene.
Side change and depth change also slightly differed in P3 effect size, with side change eliciting a larger P3 effect than depth change only in the right posterior region. This might be due to a difference between categorical and coordinate processing, which has been shown to modulate P3 amplitude [35], and in the present study would be reflected in the side versus depth change. On the other hand, participants may have perceived both the side and the depth change as a categorical change, since there were only two possible depths which could be coded as near and far. Alternatively, the difference in P3 amplitude may be due to the relative difficulty of detecting a depth change compared to the side change. Whereas in the depth change condition the object changed visual appearance, i.e. it changed size, in the side change condition the visual appearance remained the similar, making change detection in the depth change condition harder [40], [42]. Also, the side change condition resulted in a larger difference in the retinal image compared to the depth change condition. Future research controlling for the degree of change in the retinal image may elucidate the nature of this small P3 effect.
When comparing identity change to the switch, we found an N3 effect, similar to the one obtained in the identity change to match comparison. Also, we found a larger P3 amplitude for the switch compared to the identity change. These findings imply that two objects switching position is not merely processed as two object changing identity at two distinct locations, but can be considered a functionally distinct category of change detection.
In sum, our results show that when objects are presented within a spatial scene, the time courses of detecting location changes, identity changes, and object switches differ from each other. Location changes were detected already within 250 ms after presentation of the second stimulus as shown by a modulation of a posteriorly distributed N2 component, followed by a P3 effect. Detection of identity changes occurred later, but within 400 ms and elicited an anterior N3 effect, followed by a delayed and reduced P3 effect. In contrast, object switches were detected within 500 ms as reflected in the modulation of the P3 only, resembling the P3 effect found in location changes. These differences in neural correlates of the detection of location changes and detection of identity changes is in line with results showing that these types of information are processed in different visual streams [2]–[8]. The ERP time courses of the different contrasts suggest that location changes are easiest to detect followed by identity changes and finally object switches.
It may be argued that these findings are inherent to the processing of the scenes in our paradigm. If one is aware that possible changes always involve the objects in the scene, one will direct attention to the two locations that previously contained an object. A location change can then be detected directly by noticing the object has disappeared, whereas for detecting an identity change, the object first needs to be processed further in terms of object representations. For the detection of an object switch, spatial and featural information first need to be combined, causing a delay in the detection of these changes. Alternatively, the observation of time course differences for location and identity processing may translate to ecologically valid environments, where location changes of objects in the immediate environment (e.g. an object approaching) are detected before the object's identity. This has been proposed in two visual search models and confirmed by behavioral, MEG and effective connectivity results, showing that low spatial frequency components of a scene are processed first, guiding spatial attention to an object that is processed subsequently [27], [28], [43]–[45]. However, in order to strengthen the claim that location change is processed before identity change, replication of a temporal advantage of location over identity in different spatial environments would be beneficial.
To conclude, human beings are able to detect any changes in an objecṫs location, object's identity, and switches of objects extremely fast, even when these objects are embedded in a context. Our results suggest that location changes are detected faster than identity changes. To appropriately act and function in our environment is crucial to human adaptation and survival. The fast processing of changes in our surroundings are the first steps of a human neural mechanism that allows adjustment of behavior. Being aware of changes in an objecṫs location may indeed be more important for accurate adaption of behavior than changes of an objects identity. For example, fast detection and processing of the locations and changes in location of objects such as vehicles are important in everyday life when crossing the street. This study is the first to cohesively show that the human neural system is fine-tuned to change detection and moreover differentiates between different types of changes in an environment.
Supporting Information
Table S1.
Pictures of the objects used in constructing the stimuli and their size in the virtual 3D environment.
We thank Clemens Jansen for his assistance with data collection and Joost Wegman for his help in creating the stimuli.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: AHvH DvdB GJ. Performed the experiments: AHvH. Analyzed the data: AHvH DvdB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AHvH. Wrote the paper: AHvH DvdB GJ.
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- 10. Jellema T, Maassen G, Perrett DI (2004) Single cell integration of animate form, motion and location in the superior temporal cortex of the macaque monkey. Cereb cortex 14: 781–790.T. JellemaG. MaassenDI Perrett2004Single cell integration of animate form, motion and location in the superior temporal cortex of the macaque monkey.Cereb cortex14781790
- 11. Op de Beeck H, Vogels R (2000) Spatial sensitivity of macaque inferior temporal neurons. J Comp Neurol 426: 505–518.H. Op de BeeckR. Vogels2000Spatial sensitivity of macaque inferior temporal neurons.J Comp Neurol426505518
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- 17. Mecklinger A (1998) On the modularity of recognition memory for object form and spatial location: a topographic ERP analysis. Neuropsychologia 36: 441–460.A. Mecklinger1998On the modularity of recognition memory for object form and spatial location: a topographic ERP analysis.Neuropsychologia36441460
- 18. Mecklinger A, Meinshausen R-M (1998) Recognition memory for object form and object location: an event-related potential study. Mem Cognition 26: 1068–1088.A. MecklingerR-M Meinshausen1998Recognition memory for object form and object location: an event-related potential study.Mem Cognition2610681088
- 19. Mecklinger A, Müller N (1996) Dissociations in processing of 'what' and 'where' information in working memory: an event-related potential analysis. J Cogn Neurosci 8: 453–473.A. MecklingerN. Müller1996Dissociations in processing of 'what' and 'where' information in working memory: an event-related potential analysis.J Cogn Neurosci8453473
- 20. Eddy M, Schmid A, Holcomb PJ (2006) Masked repetition priming and event-related brain potentials: A new approach for tracking the time-course of object perception. Psychophysiology 43: 564–568.M. EddyA. SchmidPJ Holcomb2006Masked repetition priming and event-related brain potentials: A new approach for tracking the time-course of object perception.Psychophysiology43564568
- 21. Eimer M, Mazza V (2005) Electrophysiological correlates of change detection. Psychophysiology 42: 328–342.M. EimerV. Mazza2005Electrophysiological correlates of change detection.Psychophysiology42328342
- 22. Potts GF, Liotti M, Tucker DM, Posner MI (1996) Frontal and inferior temporal cortical activity in visual target detection: Evidence from high spatially sampled event-related potentials. Brain Topogr 9: 3–14.GF PottsM. LiottiDM TuckerMI Posner1996Frontal and inferior temporal cortical activity in visual target detection: Evidence from high spatially sampled event-related potentials.Brain Topogr9314
- 23. Koivisto M, Revonsuo A (2010) Event-related brain potential correlates of visual awareness. Neurosci Biobehav R 34: 922–934.M. KoivistoA. Revonsuo2010Event-related brain potential correlates of visual awareness.Neurosci Biobehav R34922934
- 24. Koivisto M, Revonsuo A (2003) An ERP study of change detection, change blindness, and visual awareness. Psychophysiology 40: 423–429.M. KoivistoA. Revonsuo2003An ERP study of change detection, change blindness, and visual awareness.Psychophysiology40423429
- 25. Bornstein MH, Mash C, Aterberry ME (2011) Young infants' eye-movements over "natural" scenes and "experimental" scenes. Infant behav dev 34: 206–210.MH BornsteinC. MashME Aterberry2011Young infants' eye-movements over "natural" scenes and "experimental" scenes.Infant behav dev34206210
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- 31. MacEvoy SP, Epstein RA (2011) Constructing scenes from objects in human occipitotemporal cortex. Nat neurosci 14: 1323–1329.SP MacEvoyRA Epstein2011Constructing scenes from objects in human occipitotemporal cortex.Nat neurosci1413231329
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Oostenveld R, Fries P, Maris E, Schoffelen JM (2011) FieldTrip: Open Source Software for Advanced Analysis of MEG, EEG, and Invasive Electrophysiological Data. Comp Intelligence and Neurosci. R. OostenveldP. FriesE. MarisJM Schoffelen2011FieldTrip: Open Source Software for Advanced Analysis of MEG, EEG, and Invasive Electrophysiological Data.Comp Intelligence and Neurosci
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text:
Just in time for United Nations World Wildlife Day, a new initiative in Israel has launched to identify deadly road crossings for animals by harnessing data collected from the Waze app.
The Jerusalem Post
Over the last several decades, researchers have examined how our cities deplete natural resources and change the climate and ecosystems of their surrounding areas. But new evidence shows that such impacts aren't a purely modern phenomenon.
An historic agreement between Israel, Jordan and the Palestinians aims to slow the disappearance of the Dead Sea and stabilize the supply of drinking water for all three groups.
Los Angeles Times
Last month, hackers were able to shut down Haifa's Carmel Tunnels toll road, a major thoroughfare in Israel's third-largest city, in two days of cyber attacks. The attacks should come as a warning for our increasingly automated infrastructure.
More than five years ago, the collapse of overinflated housing markets brought the global economy to its knees. Though some countries are still struggling to recover, the bubbles are back in others. Here are 5 of the world's largest housing bubbles.
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is bound up in intersecting issues of place, history and geography, among other things. Two Israeli architects believe architecture and urban design can help lead to an agreeable solution.
A Palestinian village near Jerusalem boasts old stone-walled farming terraces and irrigation channels from Roman times, but planners of Israel's separation barrier in the West Bank want to build a route through the rare historical landscape.
The Washington Post
JoAnn Greco explores Tel Aviv's trove of neglected Bauhaus treasures, which date to the growth of the brand-new Israeli city as a haven for Jews fleeing Nazi Germany.
The Washington Post
Over the past two years, German funding and Israeli philanthropy led to the construction of solar installations for Palestinians living in "Area C" in the West Bank. Now Israel says the panels are illegal and wants them demolished.
Spiegel Online
New details and a visualization from Cornell University's winning proposal to create a "game-changing" applied sciences and technology campus on New York's Roosevelt Island.
Israel has announced the approval of 1,100 housing units to be constructed in occupied East Jerusalem, which is claimed by the Palestinians as their future capital.
Al Jazeera
Amid the backdrop of Mahmoud Abbas' application for Palestinian statehood, Jesse Fox critiques the Israeli premier for his antiquated plan to fast track sprawling suburban developments into Israel's rapidly diminishing open spaces.
Sustainable City blog
A proposed 20-mile bridge would span the Red Sea to connect Egypt and Saudi Arabia -- connecting Arab states and reducing reliance on land passage through Israel.
Der Spiegel
The Israeli kibbutz, long a bastion of modest communal living, is being co-opted by suburban-style development that wants the benefits of socialist coexistence and single-family homes, writes reporter Shanee Shiloh in Ha'aretz.
A landscape urbanism biennale in an unlikely suburb of Tel Aviv offers its working class citizens a look how their city can change for the better.
The Architect's Newspaper
Urban Fabric, a landscape architecture and urban design firm in Israel, uses recycled tiles, benches and more in their park designs.
Capitalism and bourgeois values built the city of Tel Aviv, which stands today as an outlier in Israel, according to this article.
City Journal
TheCityFix's Jonna McKone profiles one of the most interesting subways in the world — Haifa's Carmelit funicular — and the city's BRT system.
A suburb of Tel Aviv is trying to revive itself by becoming an arts destination.
Los Angeles Times
With the support of Israel's government, Better Place is proposing a radical solution to the country's petrol problems and aiming to make the country the first to rid itself of dependence on oil for transportation.
The Financial Times

subset: commoncrawl


text: Care Instructions Care Info Espresso Large Wall Box Dust with soft dry cloth. For indoor use only. For soil build-up, wipe with damp cloth & dry. Do not use abrasive cleaner. Protect from heat and liquids. Wall installation is the responsibility of the customer. Installation instructions and hardware suitable for drywall are included with the product.


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Latin House is hosting a Viewing Party next Friday April 25th at 10PM for their Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives appearance on Food Network. Earlier this year, Guy Fieri filmed the episode now entitled "From Meatballs To Lollipops" at the original … Continue reading
Tag Archives: Kendall
Just a few weeks back I started following King of Racks BBQ's whereabouts on twitter. Once it seemed that they had settled into a semi-permanent schedule I decided it was time to check them out. Their pretty regular schedule is … Continue reading
I was lucky enough to get invited to a special preview for Bobby's Burger Palace in Dadeland Mall this morning. I also had the opportunity to interview its owner, Iron Chef Bobby Flay briefly before they opened the doors to … Continue reading
It's December so that means Xmas or Holiday everything. Sweetness Bake Shop in Kendall and Hialeah has also made this their customer appreciation month with daily giveaways and specials all month long including a FREE Coffee off of their Coffee … Continue reading
The world of Burgers is again movin' and shakin' in South Florida. There's a bunch of openings happening in the next few weeks with the highest profile being Food Network star Bobby's Flay's Bobby's Burger Palace this Friday December 6th. … Continue reading
One of my favorite spots for Cuban Comfort Food, Luis Galindo Latin American is opening up their 3rd location in Kendall. The other two locations are in Westchester (10700 SW 24th St, Miami, FL 33165) and West Miami (898 SW 57th … Continue reading
Fuego Lento BBQ in Kendall has only been open a little over month in Kendall but seems to be slowly building a fan base. I felt a little overwhelmed once I walked in and that may have been partially or … Continue reading
If you think back on your life, can you remember where the beginnings of one of your passions I really meant obsessions came from? In 1996 when I worked at the Best Buy in Hialeah, one of the managers and I … Continue reading
You know what's really good? The Mini Fritas at Sergio's. I love the Croquetas at Sergio's and now I can add their Mini Fritas to my love list. These 3 or 4 bite Fritas come on fresh little rolls with … Continue reading
Anyone that followed the Street Food Scene in South Florida from the beginning (late 2009) knows of the Yellow Submarine. They were the 3rd truck to hit Miami and really made me look differently at the Colombian Style Street Food they … Continue reading


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Match Report
17:15 5th October 2013
League leaders seal win
Burnley 2 (Ings 21, Vokes 80)
Reading 1 (Shackell og 82)
An injury-depleted Royals side were beaten by top of the table Burnley at Turf Moor this afternoon.
Sean Dyche's men took the lead midway through the first half though Danny Ings when a mis-hit Kieran Trippier cross sailed into the path of the striker who slotted past McCarthy first time.
Pavel Pogrebnyak nearly levelled but Heaton tipped the Russian's looping header just over the bar, and after the interval it was Alex McCarthy who was the busier keeper, saving well from Ings twice and parrying David Jones' drive to keep the visitors in the game.
Sam Vokes looked to have sealed the victory when he sprung the offside trap to slide home a second for the hosts, but Pogrebnyak's powerful header led to a Jason Shackell own goal and a frantic final few minutes. Reading couldn't find an equaliser though and Burnley deservedly earned victory.
Burnley: Heaton, Trippier, Mee, Shackell, Duff, Marney, Jones, Arfield, Kightly, Vokes, Ings.
Subs: Cisak, Lafferty, Stock, Long, Stanislas, Treacy, Edgar
Reading line-up: McCarthy, Gunter, Bridge, Morrison, Pearce, Guthrie, Baird (J Taylor 57), Obita, McAnuff (Le Fondre 57), Robson-Kanu (Blackman 57), Pogrebnyak.
Subs: Federici, Kelly, Gorkss, Akpan.
Yellow: McAnuff
Referee: Mr M Jones
First Half
Both teams began the game looking to pass the ball on the floor, but the final pass went missing for each side as the early stages offered little in terms of goalmouth action besides a flurry of corners for the Clarets.
Excellent work from Bridge and then Gunter saw two tasty crosses into the Burnley area cause Sean Dyche's men early concern, while Guthrie's short free kick back to Bridge was well read by the home defence.
The Royals' defence didn't read a slightly mis-hit Trippier cross from the right midway through the first half though, and after it had floated over Pearce's head and beyond Morrison, it dropped kindly to
Danny Ings
who sidefooted it first time past McCarthy to make it 1-0 with the first real opening in front of goal for either side.
Moments after, McCarthy did well to save a rasping David Jones drive from distance at the second attempt and then Marney floated a cross to the far post for Arfield, who could only nod back across the face of the Reading goal and wide to the Royals' relief.
Baird threaded a superb ball through the Burnley back four and Pogrebnyak raced onto it, but Duff slid in alongside the Russian to block his stabbed effort and deny Reading an equaliser with their first real sight of goal.
Obita tussled his way past Tripper but his low cross was hacked clear at the near post, then Guthrie dinked a delightful cross into the box for Pogrebnyak who headed the ball back across keeper Tom Heaton, but the Clarets keeper arched his back to fingertip the ball an inch over his crossbar.
Reading were coming into the game and Guthrie's inswinging corner was almost directed goalwards by Sean Morrison, his opposite defender doing enough to force him to head too high.
A half-cleared Gunter cross fell to Obita 22 yards out and he drilled a sweetly-struck left-footed effort at goal, but Heaton got behind it well and gathered high to his left.
Minutes before the break, McAnuff found Gunther again in space down the right, but the full back tried an early aerial ball into Pogrebnyak that was overhit.
Although the visitors had enjoyed a long spell of dominance, Ings almost made it 2-0 just before half-time, Burnley harrying Reading out of their stride at the back and Ings collecting it in space but curling an effort just wide of the bottom left corner.
Second half
The first shot of the second half came from a claret and blue shirt, Marney hooking an effort towards Alex McCarthy's goal but it bounced harmlessly wide of the left upright.
Then McCarthy was called into action, diving full stretch to his left to push an Arfield effort wide after the host had broken at pace through Vokes down the middle.
A jinking run from McAnuff led to a good Reading attack, but when a cross came into the box from the left Robson-Kanu was hurried off the ball as he tried to chest it down to tee himself up for a strike.
But McCarthy had to pull off a good double save just before the hour. He got down well to his right to push an Ings effort away but Arfield recycled it and pulled it back for Jones who was denied by an outstretched McCarthy left leg.
From the resultant corner, McCarthy bettered those stops with a point blank range reaction save brilliantly keeping an Ings header out.
Nigel Adkins made a triple change soon after, introducing Jake Taylor, Nick Blackman and Adam Le Fondre to try to get his side back into the game.
Ings beat the offside trap to race through on goal with only McCarthy to beat, but the Royals stopper again thwarted the striker by racing off his line ans saving well with his body.
At the other end, Taylor threaded a nice pass into the path of Pogrebnyak and he found Gunter on the byline, but the cross was intercepted and Reading again couldn't break through the Clarets defence.
With just a goal in it, Reading kept pressing for an equaliser and Blackman dragged a right-footed strike well wide with little more than a quarter of an hour left on the clock.
But Burnley seemed to put the game to bed with a second five minutes later,
Sam Vokes
scurrying in behind the back four, springing the offside trap and passing it under McCarthy's frame and watching it bobble into the back of the net.
However, Reading responded immediately, Obita's far post cross headed powerfully goalwards from the tightest of angles at the far post. Heaton had to push it off his line and it ricocheted off Jason Shackell and high into the Burnley net for an
own goal
Suddenly, Heaton's goalmouth was under siege and Guthrie's recycled cross from an Obita corner was almost glanced home by a Claret in a crowded Burnley box.
Obita then spun his man on the left wing and delivered a testing cross which Gunter stooped to nod goalwards, but Heaton easily gathered it into his body to keep his side in the lead.
And Burnley held out for the three points, consolidating their place at the top of the table.
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text: 1947 Red Ford 2 door Deluxe Sedan, Automatic Transmission, 283 Chevy Engine, 8 Cylinder, Chopped Roof, Hood & Doors, Tinted Glass, Duel Exhaust, Ford 9" Rear End, 12 Volt System, Black & Red Leather Seats, Chrome Fender Sides, Front Doors, etc,. It has a special emblem: "Ford Tuff with Chevy Stuff" inscribed on the back of the trunk. The car has been kept inside a garage (all weather protected) and just driven a few miles during the summers. The owner has had it since 1996 and bought it from a mechanic who rebuilt and restored classic cars. It's in very good condition, solid, and the motor runs fine. A special car for a special someone.


text:
Swarovski Valentine Earrings
Designed by:
Difficulty: Beginner
Attach a jumpring to the loop on the earring wire.
Attach an eyepin to the jumpring then loop and trim the other end to 15mm or your desired length.
Attach two jumprings to the other end of the eyepin and then finally attach a Swarovski heart to the lowermost jumpring.
Repeat for the other earring.
Make sure you get the materials you need to create this design yourself! Click the button below to add everything you need to your basket in one go. You can edit the list too just in case you want to make more than one, or you already have some supplies at home.Get the items you need to make this


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This is a discussion on Once again S&W Customer Service goes above & beyond... within the Related Gear & Equipment forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; A few months back I purchased a Walther SP22 M3 pistol and decided I wanted a reflex sight for it. After looking around and comparing ...
A few months back I purchased a Walther SP22 M3 pistol and decided I wanted a reflex sight for it. After looking around and comparing prices I settled on a Walther NanoPoint reflex sight. They are listed on the S&W website at an MSRP of $173 but I found one for less online (new) so I bought it. When it arrived I was pleased with the build quality and the heft of the little optic and quickly mounted it on the SP22 M3 and went to the gravel pit to test it out. The sight worked great but I soon realized that the multi-position switch would not index into the "off" position. "Off" is the center position an switching it to the left or to the right puts the dot on "Manual" (constant high brightness) or "Auto" (brightness controlled by a sensor).
I contacted S&W and they sent me a FedEx sticker for return. After about 3 weeks I called to check the status and was told that they had not yet seen my package in returns but would look for it. Then the CSR said to me "I have one laying here on my desk that I will send to you." I asked him if he would be sending it with a return label so I can ship it back after my unit arrived and he told me not to worry and consider it a gift form S&W. In the mean time he would track down my item and expedite my return. Well another 2 weeks went by and today I got my Walther NanoPoint from S&W returns department with an apology that it took so long to process.
What a SWEET deal. 2 brand new reflex sights! I love that company!!
Friends Don't Let Friends Buy Century!
See sometimes good guys do finish first! And S&W has another customer for life, good for you my friend and cudos for S&W.
When I leave the home port:
S&W 642 Airweight, Ruger SP 101, Colt Detective Spec., CZ RAMI, Kahr PM9, Kahr CW40, S&W Model 10-7, Glock 30, 19, and 26, Browning Hi Power, CZ82, Colt Commander, Dan Wesson PM7, Ruger LCP
Smith and Wesson customer service is great. Not always speedy fast, but always polite, and respectful, not to mention helpful.
NRA Certified Rifle/Pistol Instructor
Accuracy ALWAYS WINS! So carry what you can hit with.
If you find yourself in a fair fight your tactics stink.
Around 11 years ago I bought a S&W 625 Mountain Gun in .45 Colt. After shooting it a few times, a buddy of mine that does gunsmithing noticed that one of the chambers in the cylinder was "out of round", actually oblong in shape. I called S&W customer service and they said to ship it back at their expense. About 10 days later I had it back in hand, with the problem fixed and a sweeet trigger job done free-of charge. That is the second S&W pistol I have sent back in 20+ years, and excellent service BOTH times! I have never been a S&W fan in general, but have owned quite a few of them and must say that their customer service has always been top of the line! Best regards-John


text:
seedlings are really growing well, Linda.
You must have them in a fairly warm place under grow lights.
Francelle Edwards Glendale, AZ
Zone 9
-----Original Message-----
From: firstname.lastname@example.com
[mailto:email@example.com] On
Behalf Of Linda Mann
Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2007
To: iris photos
Subject: [iris-photos] HYB: winter
My ISP finally got their new mail server to work for me, now to see if
that also solves the problem I was having posting here.
Seedlings in 8 inch pots came up about a month ago, transplanted from
the little 4 inch germination pots in the foreground. They will stay in
the 8 inch pots until planted in the ground.
Linda Mann east Tennessee USA zone 7/8
East Tennessee Iris Society <http://www.korrnet.org/etis>
American Iris Society web site <http://www.irises.org>
talk archives: <http://www.hort.net/lists/iris-talk/>
photos archives: <http://www.hort.net/lists/iris-photos/>
online R&I <http://www.irisregister.com>
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|Fierce Competition for Belgian Top Tier Rights
|Media / Broadcasting
Friday, 17 March 2017 14:10
Several major media corporations are bidding for the rights to the Belgian Pro League.
International sports broadcaster Eleven Sports Network and telecommunications firm Orange are reportedly among the bidders for the next set of broadcast rights to the top division of club football in Belgium.
Belgian newspaper De Tijd said Eleven and Orange are both in contention for rights following the closure of the bidding window on March 15.
Current rights holders – pay-television operators Proximus, Telenet and Voo – are also said to have lodged bids.
The tender for rights from the 2017-18 season was sent out on February 8. It covers rights to all Pro League matches and the Super Cup, in the Dutch and French languages. Rights are split into six sets of packages.


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A space for wisdom, creativity and compassion
We are an exciting, new and vibrant cultural enterprise. We are a collective of artists, musicians, academics, writers, philosophers, creatives and thinkers who are passionate about co-creating better ways of living and better ways of being. We put on magical events, wonderful workshops, and create our own books, music and art.
We are a not-for-profit organisation with charitable aims
We have a clear vision for a healthy and happy future for all, and invite you to join and support us.
Our Projects
The Enchanted Child
The Enchanted Child Project was created to ensure that our children's well-being becomes a priority in society. We do not want our children to grow up disillusioned and disenchanted. Integral to the project is the belief that we need a kinder approach to children's development; one that nourishes and nurtures our children's roots and inspires and cultivates them to blossom and bloom in the most spectacular way.Read more: The Enchanted Child
Soulful Schools
Social, moral, cultural and spiritual development has been side-lined in favour of academic achievement and its having a very negative impact on children's well-being. It does not have to be this way! We have collaborated with musicians, drama and dance/creative-movement practitioners, academics, yoga practitioners, mindfulness/meditation-practitioners and philosophers to create our Soulful schools programme.Read more: Soulful Schools
Magic Of Life
What happens when you gather together loads of creative, positive and passionate energy and roll it together into a magical, life-affirming event? You get change, loads of love, joy and vibrant life-energy! The Magic of Life festival is a creative melting pot of pioneering workshops, cutting-edge music and performance. A place to celebrate, harness and release creative visions for the future.Read more: Magic Of Life


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Banana Pudding Banana Bread
How have we not thought of this sooner?
Somehow it all makes sense.
Total Time:
Level: Moderate
Yield: 15 servings
- 1 1/4 c. all-purpose flour
- 1/2 c. sugar
- 1 tsp. baking powder
- 1/2 tsp. baking soda
- 1/2 tsp. salt
- 1 c. mashed banana
- 1/2 c. vanilla pudding
- 1 stick butter, melted
- 2 eggs
- 1 tsp. vanilla extract
- 3 c. NILLA Wafers, divided
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees.
- In a large bowl, mix together flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well-combined.
- In another medium bowl, mix bananas, pudding, melted butter, eggs, and vanilla extract until well-mixed. Stir the banana mixture into the flour mixture until just mixed.
- Line the bottom of a loaf pan with Nilla wafers. Pour 1/3 of the batter on top of cookies. Cover the batter with another layer of Nilla wafers. Pour another 1/3 of the batter on top, then add another layer of Nilla wafers. Top with the rest of the batter. Crush the remaining Nilla wafers and sprinkle on top.
- Bake for 50-55 minutes until golden brown and a toothpick comes out clean. Allow to cool 10 minutes in pan, then turn out and let cool completely.
More From Meals & Cooking


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Noy Holland + Christine Schutt + Diane Williams
A trio of fiction writers share their latest novels and short stories. Holland's latest dozen stories, which vary greatly in setting, are collected in Swim for the Little One First. Schutt, the author of Florida and All Souls, looks at the struggles of marriage in Prosperous Friends. Inventive flash-fiction writer Williams puts readers happily off-balance with her latest, Vicky Swanky Is a Beauty.
|Venue name:
|KGB Bar
85 E 4th St
New York
|Cross street:
|between Bowery and Second Ave
|Opening hours:
|Daily 7pm–4am
|Subway: F to Lower East Side–Second Ave, 6 to Astor Pl
To improve this listing email: email@example.com


text:
Best Tattoo Shop in Elizabeth
Category : Other Services Posted : 31/08/2016 Price : Check with seller Location : Guttenberg(New Jersey)
With over 40 years combined service, Red Shores Tattoo has some of the most experienced artists in Houston! Tattoos are very popular today with every tattoo enthusiast who wants to have the body art inked on them in the Local Tattoo Shop. Because the tattoo on one's body should reflect their personality a brilliant design is needed for the perfect execution of the masterpiece. Instead of taking the decision in a hurry one should ponder over the idea and search through the designs to find the tattoo that would find home in their body. Red Shores Tattoo Co. is the leading Tattooing Services, dedicated in bringing quality tattoo designs and body piercing services. Taking pride in being one of the professional, quality tattoo and body art establishment that exceeds industry standards, redefines style to upgrade the bar of customer satisfaction. Contact : Allen C Espinoza E-Mail: email@example.com Phone: (281) 888-7110 Address: 2909 Baldwin St, Houston, TX 77006 Method of Payments: Visa/Master, Amex, Cash Product and Service/Special Offers: Tattoos and Piercing. Hours of operation: Monday-Sunday 10am-10pm. Website: http://www.allenespinoza.com


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1stopcleanings.com is a 1 year old domain, situated in Malaysia. The domain is linked to the IP address 220.127.116.11.
It was registered by Nor Azizah , who can be reached at . The site is owned by 1 Stop Cleaning Sevices. Registration details show that it was registered on 08 Jan 2016 through netearth one inc. d/b/a netearth and will expire on 08 Jan 2017.
The site returns a status code of 200. The site is being served through domainserver.


text:
London UK -- Tuesday 8 December, 2009; David Brabham will be reunited with his Le Mans 24 Hours winning teammate Alex Wurz and fellow Peugeot Sport stars Franck Montagny and Nicolas Minassian as they join the Celebrity Karting Challenge primarily...
London UK -- Tuesday 8 December, 2009; David Brabham will be reunited with his Le Mans 24 Hours winning teammate Alex Wurz and fellow Peugeot Sport stars Franck Montagny and Nicolas Minassian as they join the Celebrity Karting Challenge primarily in aid of Malaria No More UK at Autosport International, on Friday 15 January.
In June 2009, Team Peugeot Total ended Audi's domination of the historic Le Mans 24 Hours race when David Brabham, Alex Wurz and Mark Gene took victory in the #9 Peugeot HDi-FAP. Wurz, Montagny and Minassian, will unite in battle once again at the NEC Birmingham in January, in support of Brabham's Celebrity Karting Challenge.
Nicolas Minassian commented: "It's an honour to support such a charity event. David works very hard to put this event in place each year at the Autosport International Show. It's a pleasure to take part in it with my Peugeot Sport teammates."
Brabham added: "It's amazing to have the support of Peugeot Sport and to have the chance to once again race alongside Alex, Franck and Nic, in the Celebrity Karting Challenge. It means a lot to have their backing and this event wouldn't be possible without all of the drivers and celebrities giving up their free time in aid of Malaria No More UK."
The only event that sees the motorsport elite join forces on the kart track to raise money for charity, raising GBP92,000 in the last two years alone, offers members of the public the rare chance to race alongside their heroes from across the racing spectrum.
With the Peugeot Sport stars confirmed, the 2010 Celebrity Karting Challenge will host some of the best sportscar drivers on the planet. Derek Bell, who leads the event as Race Director, will be joined by Audi Sport drivers Allan McNish, Dindo Capello and Emanuele Pirro, Le Mans winner Guy Smith, and fellow Le Mans competitors Marino Franchitti, Johnny Mowlem, Paul Drayson, Johnny Cocker and Rob Bell.
An all-star line-up of celebrities will be battling against the sportscar heavyweights in the 90 minutes endurance kart race, hosted on a specially constructed kart circuit for the first time in the Autosport International Live Action Arena.
Ted Kravitz will be swapping his BBC F1 Pit Lane Reporter microphone for a kart seat alongside his BBC F1 colleagues, British Formula One test driver and BBC Radio 5 Live commentator Anthony Davidson, and BBC F1 Five Live Producer Jason Swales.
F1 hopeful and DTM ace Paul di Resta and former McLaren Autosport BRDC Young Driver Award winner Oliver Turvey are also confirmed alongside 2009 Mazda Star Champion Adam Christodoulou, Autosport Club Driver of the Year and BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year nominee Sarah Moore, Louise Goodman, Amanda Stretton, Katherine Legge and Linda Playfair.
The rally contingent will be led by triple British Rally Champion, Mark Higgins, who was also the stunt driver for the James Bond film 'Quantum of Solace', and 2009 British Rally Champion Keith Cronin.
"This event is already starting to live up to its potential of being the best Celebrity Karting Challenge to date," said Brabham. "With this fantastic line-up, the race promises to deliver a great battle between some of the sport's best drivers guaranteed to have the grandstand crowd on the edge of their seats."
For a full list of celebrities taking part visit www.racing4charity.com
The Celebrity Karting Challenge 2010 will be held primarily in aid of Malaria No More UK, of which Brabham recently became a Special Ambassador. Malaria is an entirely preventable and treatable disease but it still kills close to one million people every year and a child in Africa every 30 seconds.
It costs just GBP5 to buy and deliver a life saving bed net to a family in Africa. Each net will protect a mother and her child for up to five years. 100% of all funds raised for Malaria No More UK will be used to fund life saving malaria control programmes in Africa, in countries such as Ghana where the entire population is at risk of malaria.
Members of the public can join the Celebrity Karting Challenge and support Malaria No More UK's outstanding work for just GBP300. The charity entrance fee also includes two tickets to Autosport International, on what is an exclusive trade day. Book your public place now by contacting Bill Williams at email@example.com or call 0044 (0)7712 578263.
Autosport International trade visitors can take a grandstand seat and watch the Celebrity Karting Challenge action at 3pm on Friday 15 January as a complimentary addition to their standard trade ticket. Trade tickets cost GBP24 per person, simply register via www.autosport-international.com/trade.
MSA licence holders can also attend Autosport International on both trade days, 14&15 January, as well as the public days, on 16&17 January. Simply register by visiting www.autosport-international.com/trade.
-credit: racing4charity


text:
I'm not in Antigua & Barbuda and I am guessing you aren't either. (I'll meet up with the U.S. squad this weekend in Kansas City. See you there!)
So here are the basics for the 2014 World Cup qualifier between the United States (313 million) and Antigua & Barbuda (89,000) tonight:
Where: Sir Vivian Richards Stadium cricket grounds in North Sound, Antigua.
Kickoff: 7 p.m. ET.
Weather: 81 degrees, 75 percent humidity, 18-mph wind, rain.
Referee: Neal Brizan, Trinidad & Tobago.
TV: beIN Sport (tape at 3 a.m. on beIN Sport Spanish). BeIN Sport is available on DirecTV, Dish Network and some Comcast cable outlets. Announcers: Phil Schoen and Marcelo Balboa.
My online/print edition preview is available here.
Group A's other match: Guatemala vs. Jamaica, 10 p.m. ET (beIN Sport).
USA lineup: Howard; Cherundolo, Goodson, Cameron, Bocanegra; Zusi, Williams, Bradley, E. Johnson; Dempsey, Gomez.
USA subs: Guzan, Rimando, Parkhurst, Edu, Beckerman, Corona, Kljestan, Jones, Gordon.
Your observations and thoughts are welcome in the comments section.


text:
Back in November of last year I mentioned that we were shipping the MDM Technology Preview early. Since that time we've had great response to the program. Over 100 customers, partners and Service providers have enlisted in the technology preview. Some of our customers are currently building proof of concept implementations. Every day we get more requests to download the technology preview and these days, most of the requests are from customers. If you're interested, the link above will take you to the previous post that explains how to get involved.
Some have confused this release with a TAP or CTP. It is neither of those. While those programs entail a high touch relationship between Microsoft and the participants, the technology preview is an unsupported release. This means that while customers can ask questions on the Microsoft Connect site forum, there is little dialog between Microsoft and the technology preview customers. It's simply a way for customers to have access to the early bits to help them plan and prepare for the next release.
I've been pretty quiet here lately. Mostly it's because I've been heads down on building the MDM team. I'm glad to say that the team is in high gear now. We're in full on development mode and have made substantial progress towards enhancing and augmenting what will become our offering in the next release of Office as well as long term planning for providing customers with substantial improvements upon what is available in market today.
With yesterday's announcement about the Zoomix acquisition, things are coming together nicely and it should be clear that Microsoft is serious about helping customers solve their master data challenges. We're also serious about building an MDM ecosystem and have been busy about building partnerships with multiple MDM vendors. These discussions are in progress so it wouldn't be appropriate to give details at this point, but if you're in the industry, you'd know these companies. We hope to be able to announce these partnership agreements in the coming months.If you are an ISV and are interested in our free training coming to a location near you, please let me know and I'll send you all the details.


text:
After Shunji Yamanaka successfully finished his engineer studies at the University of Tokyo in 1982, he did initially work for the Nissan Motor's Design Centre. From 1987 on he worked independently as freelance designer and created the most different sophisticated works – from the wristwatch until railway wagons.
Shunji Yamanaka taught as professor at the Institute for Engineering at the Tokyo University from 1991 to 1994 and then directly founded the "Leading Edge Design".
Website by Shunji Yamanaka


text:
And Beans just lets this be!?? My cat or dog, probably both would be
chasing it around the house!
> Ms. Fatma washes the dishes last thing in the PM. First thing in the
> [after making the coffee] I put them away. This morning when I emptied
> the dish drainer [no mechanical washer here], I discovered an anole in
> the sink. It was trying to get out, but the steep porcelain sides of
> the sink continually thwarted its attempts. When the dishes were in
> their proper places, I removed the drainer. The anole became
> stock-still; I grabbed it, carried it to the back door, and tried to
> toss it outside. "Tried" is the controlling word here. It grabbed onto
> my index finger so tightly I had to pluck it off. I put it in the top
> of a corkscrew croton next to the door. I locked the door as soon as
> arm was again inside the house.
> Island Jim
Support hort.net -- join the hort.net fund drive!


text:
Done With Running Away
I've never stayed around for anything. I've bailed on everyone who was ever there for me. I've ditched homes and families and friends and schools. I still cant stand the look in his eyes, the one that says I tore his family apart.
That was last year. The year I made amends with the first boy I loved. The year I said goodbye to the girl I would never be good enough for. The year I packed my bags and started all over again.
Now I've found someone to stay for. A beautiful angel, all tangled black hair and those dark eyes I just cant avoid. He'll be the one to save me, that's for sure. When my world feels like it's crashing in, he'll be the one to hold it up. To cover me from the falling dust.
I dont have anymore tears to cry, not over pointless things. Maybe I cant deny that I did those things or said those words, or even that I meant it every step of the way. I cant ever say I didnt love them, those people who just didnt make it to my now.
All I can do is move forward. Hold on to something worth holding onto. Like the hand of the boy who has stolen my heart. And stop running. It doesnt make much sense to run when I'm already where I need to be.


text:
An interesting photo prompt for 'Friday Fictioneers' this week.
I stare at the faded wallpaper and I'm instantly transported back to my early childhood. I shiver as I remember how I used to lie in this room and count those little flowers, silently, row by row. It was my way of trying to put out of my mind what he was doing to me, the threats he was whispering in my ear. Focusing on those flowers helped me get through the seemingly endless nights. Now, 40 years later, he's dead and the old house is mine. I'm hoping that pulling it down brick by brick will take away the pain of those memories.


text:
Tick Tock
Chapter 20 – Leo
Tick Tock
I banged and banged on the side of the bubble but no matter what I did I couldn't escape. I shot everything I had at it, fireball after fireball kick after kick but nothing happened. I sunk down to my knees and cried, I wasn't going to make it, I couldn't save her, I couldn't save her…
I suddenly felt a shock of immense pain surge through my legs, it made me scream out and clutch my legs pushing my life force into them to make the pain stop. He was hurting her and I felt it, I feel everything he does to her. Suddenly my side throbbed and burned and felt like all my ribs had collapsed into my body.
"No, no he can't be hurting her like this no!" I screamed and shot more fireballs around the bubble desperate to break free.
I suddenly felt my whole body burn and bubble, I stood up and looked down at myself, I was covered with fire and it was getting bigger and bigger becoming an inferno. The bubble began to blacken and melt slowly and I unleashed the inferno and the bubble disintegrated around me. I flew towards the portal but something pulled me back something was gripping onto my wings despite me still being on fire, no one should be able to touch me. I turned around and there was Rubin.
"Going somewhere Leo?" she asked as she swung me round and threw me towards the crashing waves below.
I swooped up in an arc and narrowly missed an icy dip. I hovered in front of her and she glared at me her red eyes burning into mine.
"Get out the way Rubin" I growled
"Oh Leo you remembered my name?" she chuckled
"How could I forget such an ugly thing like you?" I smirked
"Ouch harsh, now maybe I should hurt you just like you hurt me" she snarled
"Rubin that was two centuries ago you still haven't gotten over it?" I laughed
"Your kind got me banished from heaven! You got me taken off the Zodiac angels!" she yelled
"You were never on them Rubin" I said
"Sarus told you about the brain washing I presume?" she said
"Oh Jesus how could I have forgotten" I put my head in my hands "So tell me Rubin which symbol were you?"
"Leo" she growled and flew at me her nails sharp headed for my face.
I dived out the way underneath her and hovered behind her.
"Don't try it Rubin, you don't want to fight me" I said my arms outstretched
She went for me again making the sea rise up and attack me, she had powers over water, I had forgotten. I flew and swooped in and out of the waves knowing that if I got wet 1. I wouldn't be able to fly and 2. My powers would be useless.
My body was still ablaze and burning hot, I flew at her simply brushing against her and her dress caught fire billowing up into a huge fiery ball. She screamed and dived into the water with a huge jet of steam rising up from the waves. She treaded water coughing and spluttering knowing she couldn't fly because of her wet wings. Suddenly the water rose up underneath her making a huge column of water on top of which stood Rubin.
"You haven't won yet Leo!" she shouted
She sent huge jets of water firing towards me at immense speed I dived out the way narrowly missing a soaking. I fired huge infernos of fire towards her water column hoping to evaporate it all but it didn't work. I kept dodging water balls and jets knowing I was running out of time and the longer I spent here the more Sarus was hurting Evelyn. Suddenly my jaw and head came enveloped in immense pain I couldn't take it, I couldn't talk or think and I began to fall towards the waves, the pain took over my whole body I couldn't move my wings or my arms. I crashed into the waves and began to sink to the bottom the last thing I remember seeing was Rubin swimming down towards me and grabbing my wing just before everything went black.


text:
Living toys
31,553pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
While traditionally inanimate objects, occasionally toys have come to life or been personified as living creatures in Muppet productions. The most notably example is the characters in Jim Henson's The Christmas Toy and The Secret Life of Toys. Other examples include Bootsie and Brad on The Jim Henson Hour, the plush dinosaur Dog in Living with Dinosaurs, and the self-aware ventriloquist dummy Gary Cahuenga on Muppets Tonight.
- For other living objects see: Inanimate objects
For lifeless toys see: Muppets' transitional objects and Puppets


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Sylvain Wallez (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Assigned: (COCOON-1672) Help popup broken in CForms samples
|Tue, 01 Nov 2005 22:12:56 GMT
[ http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/COCOON-1672?page=all ] Sylvain Wallez reassigned COCOON-1672: -------------------------------------- Assign To: Sylvain Wallez > Help popup broken in CForms samples > ----------------------------------- > > Key: COCOON-1672 > URL: http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/COCOON-1672 > Project: Cocoon > Type: Bug > Components: Blocks: Forms, - Samples > Versions: 2.1.8-dev (Current SVN) > Reporter: Andreas Hochsteger > Assignee: Sylvain Wallez > > If you open the multiform (ajax) sample (http://cocoon.zones.apache.org/demos/21branch/samples/blocks/forms/do-multipage.flow) and click on the help popup for the email addres, it is working. > But if you click on next, then it is not working any more. > I get the following JavaScript error: > Error: helpWinN10010 has no properties > It seems to me, that the help window is not referenced correctly after the first submit. > Perhaps it's AJAX-related, because it is working for non-ajax samples: > http://cocoon.zones.apache.org/demos/21branch/samples/blocks/forms/form1 > http://cocoon.zones.apache.org/demos/21branch/samples/blocks/forms/captcha/ > Similar problems can be found on the following samples with the help popup and calendar popup, where the images are missing too: > http://cocoon.zones.apache.org/demos/21branch/samples/blocks/forms/library/form1.flow > http://cocoon.zones.apache.org/demos/21branch/samples/blocks/forms/library/form2.flow > http://cocoon.zones.apache.org/demos/21branch/samples/blocks/forms/library/hotel.flow > I tested it locally with a fresh svn checkout (r330107) and on cocoon.zones.apache.org with Firefox 1.5beta2 and IE 6 (Win XP Pro, SP2), Sun JDK 1.5.0_04. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - If you think it was sent incorrectly contact one of the administrators: http://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/Administrators.jspa - For more information on JIRA, see: http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
|View raw message


text:
I did do some research on this subject, what ****es me off about my EBY701 is how it switches back and forth from that blue screen to the bios post , to the blue screen to the OS booting and back and forth for about 5 times. Im thinking of using some sort of a timed relay to kick on the EBY701 after like 10 seconds or something, anyone know where I can buy one?
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