text: Developmental Psychology: Children and Adolescents • Business Driven• Technology Oriented • Sustainable Development• Environmental Friendly COURSE SYNOPSIS Processes of physical, cognitive, social and emotional growth and development from conception through adolescence. Emphasis on the major aspects at each stage of development. Processes and outcomes of interaction between the childadolescent and the environment. SITINOR/FEM3101/SEPTEMBER 2012/PJJ 2 • Business Driven• Technology Oriented • Sustainable Development• Environmental Friendly COURSE OBJECTIVES By the end of the course students will be able to: • Identify ecological processes of physical, socioemotional and cognitive development of children and adolescents. • Explain the effects of genetic, environment, and genetic-environment interactions influences on children-adolescent development. • Explain the effects of children-adolescent interactions with the environment on childrenadolescent growth and development. SITINOR/FEM3101/SEPTEMBER 2012/PJJ 3 • Business Driven• Technology Oriented • Sustainable Development• Environmental Friendly COURSE CONTENT – 5 UNITS Unit 1: Introduces major concepts, principles and theories of child and adolescent development. Unit 1 also covers various alternative methods researchers use to explore questions or obtain information on child and adolescent development. Unit 2: Highlights the prenatal development of the unborn child. SITINOR/FEM3101/SEPTEMBER 2012/PJJ 4 • Business Driven• Technology Oriented • Sustainable Development• Environmental Friendly COURSE CONTENT – 5 UNITS Unit 3: Infancy Unit 4: Covers physical, intellectual, language and socioemotional development of children (early – late childhood). SITINOR/FEM3101/SEPTEMBER 2012/PJJ 5 • Business Driven• Technology Oriented • Sustainable Development• Environmental Friendly COURSE CONTENT – 5 UNITS Unit 5: Covers significant aspects of adolescent development such as physical, cognitive, personality, moral and vocational planning. Specific developmental problems during adolescence are highlighted. SITINOR/FEM3101/SEPTEMBER 2012/PJJ 6 • Business Driven• Technology Oriented • Sustainable Development• Environmental Friendly COURSE EVALUATION Assessment % Quiz Test 1 10 20 Assignments 1. Lab project for children 2. Lab project for adolescent 25 15 Final exam 30 SITINOR/FEM3101/SEPTEMBER 2012/PJJ 7 • Business Driven• Technology Oriented • Sustainable Development• Environmental Friendly LAB TOPICS NO. TOPICS 1 Get to know a child –child's background and character (observation) 2 Child's physical growth, reflexes, motor skill and sensory development 3 Cognitive development and academic achievement 4 Language development 5 Socio-emotional development 6 Adolescent development project SITINOR/FEM3101/SEPTEMBER 2012/PJJ 8 • Business Driven• Technology Oriented • Sustainable Development• Environmental Friendly LAB REQUIREMENTS Students are required to: 1. observe and/or conduct tests and compile a Case Study portfolio for one preschool age child and one primary school age child. 2. write a paper related to any aspects of adolescent development. SITINOR/FEM3101/SEPTEMBER 2012/PJJ 9 • Business Driven• Technology Oriented • Sustainable Development• Environmental Friendly REFERENCES Bee, H. 2000. The Developing Child. New York: Harper & Row Berk, L.E. 2005. Child Development. Boston, MA:Allyn & Bacon Berk, L.E. 2001. Infants, Children and Adolescents. Boston, MA:Allyn & Bacon Rohani, A. 2001. Perkembangan Kanak-kanak:Penilaian Secara Portfolio. Serdang, Selangor:Penerbit UPM Santrock, J.W. 2008. Adolescence. Boston:Mc Graw-Hill Steinberg, L. 1999. Adolescence. Boston:Mc Graw-Hill SITINOR/FEM3101/SEPTEMBER 2012/PJJ 10 Assessments Assessment % Quiz Test 1 Assignments 10 20 1. Lab project for children 2. Lab project for adolescent Final exam 25 15 30 DEFINITION OF CONCEPT What is Growth (Pertumbuhan)? What is Development (Perkembangan)? GROWTH Growth is a quantitative process of change ex. change in weight/height – i.e. changes in saiz and structure, physical and mental aspects. Changes can be measured & assess - from one stage to the other. Growth will reach its peak once a person mature. DEFINITION "Growth is an individual development in body size, for ex. changes in muscles, bones, hair, skin & glands. [Karl E. Garrison] "Growth is a change that can be measured from one stage to the other, and from time to time" [Atan Long] "Growth as an increment in a person external attributes. For examples in terms of size, height and body weight" [D.S Wright & Ann Taylor] DEVELOPMENT Developmental is defined as change. Human development refers to a particular type of change or the pattern of change that begins at conception and continue through the life span. Development occurs in the context of the significant social environment of life process (family, school, peer group, community). Thus….Child Development is…. A scientific study of understanding all aspects of human constancy and change from conception through adolescence A part of a larger discipline known as developmental psychology or human development, which includes all changes experienced throughout the lifespan Behavioral change as a developmental change Three general condition/criteria: The change is orderly or sequential. The change results in a permanent alteration of behavior. The change results in a new behavior or mode of functioning that is more advanced, adaptive or useful than prior behaviors. The study of childhood: Basic Concepts Developmental Processes: Changes and Stability Quantitative change (growth) refers to the easily measurable and sometimes obvious aspects of development. e.g: Involve changes in size or amount, such as height, weight. Developmental Processes: Changes and Stability Qualitative change refers to variations and modifications in functioning. E.g ability of a newborn & 5 months old baby Stability – constancy or enduring characteristics Changes in development is continues from one stage to the other but maintaining a pattern Specific characteristics Cephalacaudal, proximodistal, mass to specific Developmental stages Prenatal Infancy (0-2 years) & Toddlerhood (2-3 years) Early childhood(3-6 years) Middle childhood (6-10 years) Adolescence (11-19 years) Early (11-14 years) Middle (15-17 years) Late (18-19 years) Adulthood(≥ 20 years) Early (20-30 years) Middle (40-50 years) Late (60 years and above) Domains of development Physical development Body, brain, senses, motor skills Cognitive development Learning, memory, language, thinking, moral reasoning Psychosocial development Personality, emotions, social relationships Interrelated throughout development Domains of Development (con't) Domain Changes in Physical •Body size & proportions, appearance •Function of body systems, health •Perceptual & motor capacities Cognitive • Intellectual abilities Social •Emotional communication •Self-understanding, knowledge about others •Interpersonal skills & relationships •Moral reasoning & behavior Influences on Development: Factors that can influence development are: Nature (sejadi) Genetic (Warisan/baka/genetik) Nurture (Asuhan) Environment (Persekitaran) Food intake (Pemakanan) Health (Kesihatan) Major Contextual Influences Normative Influences Normative age-graded influences/event, i..e. biological or social Example = puberty or entry into formal schooling Normative history-graded event, i.e. cohort (a group of people who share a similar experience) Example = living during the Great Depression/Tsunami i.e. Atypical events, e.g. having a birth defect Non-normative Influences Individual events that impact the person Events can be traumatic or happy Historical foundation: How the study of childhood has evolved? Early Approaches Medieval times The Reformation The Enlightenment John Locke John Jacques Rousseau Darwin Scientific Beginnings Baby biographies Charles Darwin G. Stanley Hall Normative Period of Child Study Mental Testing Movement An emerging consensus All domains are interrelated. Normal development includes a wide range of individual differences. Children help to shape their own development and influence others' responses to them. Historical and cultural contexts strongly influence development. Early experience is important, but children can be remarkably resilient. Development in childhood is connected to development throughout the rest of the lifespan. Theories in Developmental Psychology What is a theory? A theory is a set of logically related concepts or statements, which seeks to describe and explain development and predict what kinds of behavior may occur under certain conditions. Hypotheses are tentative explanations or predictions that can be tested by research. Theory An orderly, integrated set of statements that Describes Explains behavior Predicts Benefits of theories in Developmental Psychology Explain the meaning of an event/facts Able to relate these facts Theories Psychoanalytic Psychosexual (S. Freud) Psychosocial (E. Erickson) Learning Behavioral Learning Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) Operant Conditioning (Skinner) Social Learning (A. Bandura) Cognitive Cognitive Developmental Theory (J. Piaget) Socio-cultural (L. Vygotsky) Moral Development (Reasoning) (Kohlberg) Human Ecology System (U. Bronfenbrenner) Freud's Three Parts of the Personality Id Ego Superego •Largest portion of the mind •Unconscious, present at birth •Source of biological needs & desires •Conscious, rational part of mind •Emerges in early infancy •Redirects id impulses acceptably •The conscience •Develops from ages 3 to 6, from interactions with caregivers Psychoanalytic Psychosexual (S. Freud) Psychosocial (E. Erickson) * 8 stages of dev. *Psychosexual stages •Oral stage •Anal stage •Phallic •Latency •Genital • • • • • • • • Trust versus mistrust Autonomy vs shame Initiative vs guilt Industry vs Inferiority Identity vs Identity Confusion Intimacy versus isolation Generativity vs stagnation Integrity vs despair Psychoanalytic Psychoanalytic theory proposes that morality develops through humans' conflict between their instinctual drives and the demands of society. Freud identified three parts of the personality that become integrated during five stages of development Id Ego Superego Personality Structure superego ego ID Personality Structures ID (unconscious element) the largest portion is the source of basic biological needs and desires. EGO (semi-conscious element) the conscious rational part of the personality, emerges in early infancy to redirect the id's impulses so they are discharged in acceptable ways SUPEREGO (The conscious element that function on the basis of morality). the conscience that develops between ages 3 and 6 through interactions with parents, who insist that the child conform to the values of society. Freud Psychosexual stages: Oral stage [0- 1 year] – Mouth is the focus of stimulation & interaction. Feeding & weaning are central Anal stage [1-3 year] – Anus as the focus of stimulation & interaction. Elimination & toilet training is central Freud Psychosexual stages: Phallic [3-6year] The genital is the focus of stimulation. Gender role & moral development are central. Conflict between id & superego Children interested to know more different sexes, babies etc. 2 main conflict: Oedipus Conflict son attracted to mother Electra Conflict daughter attracted to father Penis envy Freud Psychosexual stages: Latency [6-12 year] A period of suspended sexual activities; Energy shift to physical and intellectual activities. Focus on achievement Genital [Adolescent – adulthood (12 & above)] Genital are the focus of stimulation with the onset of puberty Mature sexual relationship develop Erikson's Psychosocial stages Late Adulthood (60 above) Integrity vs Despair Middle Adulthood (40's-50's) Generativity vs Stagnation Young Adulthood (20 -30's) Intimacy vs Isolation Adolescent (12-19) Identity vs Role Confusion Middle childhood (6-11) Industry vs Inferiority Early Childhood (3-5) Initiative vs Guilt Toddler (1-2) Infancy (0-1) Autonomy vs Shame/doubt Trust vs Distrust Behaviorism & Social Learning Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) Stimulus – Response Operant Conditioning (Skinner) Reinforcers (Reward) and Punishments Social Learning (Bandura) Modeling Behavioral Theory Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov • Stimulus & Response Learning based on association of a stimulus that does not ordinarily elicit a response with another stimulus that does elicit the response. Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner) • Learning based on reinforcement (punishment) or punishment • Positive reinforcement • Negative reinforcement • Punishment • Behavior modification Behavioral Theory Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura Modelling (Role model) Theory that behaviors are learned by observing and imitating models Observational learning Models Importance of values and thoughts in imitating behavior of a model Practical implications? Behaviorism & Social Learning Development results from learning Behaviorism – a mechanistic theory Continuous change Quantitative change Importance of the environment Associative learning Cognitive Theory Jean Piaget Socio-Cultural Theory L. Vygotsky Cognitive Development • • Sensorimotor (0-2) • Preoperational (2-6) • Concrete Operational (6-11) • Formal Operation (11-adulthood) • Community & culture influence on development Focus is the social, cultural, and historical complex of which the child is part. Social Interaction • Zone of proximal development – The difference between what a child can do alone and with help • Scaffolding –Temporary support to help a child master a task. Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory Transmission of culture to new generation Beliefs, customs, skills Social interaction necessary to learn culture Cooperative dialogue with more knowledgeable members of society Zone of proximal Scaffolding Cognitive Theory Moral Development Kohlberg Paras 1: Moraliti Pra- konvensional (4-9 tahun) Orientasi dendaan dan patuh/taat Hedonisme Instrumental/Orientasi Egoistik Paras 2:Peringkat Konvensional (10-15 tahun) Moraliti "budak baik" Moraliti mengekalkan susunan sosial & autoriti Paras 3:Peringkat Pasca Konvensional Moraliti kontrak, hak individu dan undang-undang secara demokrasi Orientasi prinsip-prinsip moral yang universal dan beretika THE ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS APPROACH Human Ecological System U. Bronfenbrenner View of development that sees the individual as inseparable from the social context Urie Bronfenbrenner's bio-ecological theory Understanding processes and contexts of development Micro system Meso system Exosystem Macrosystem Chronosyste m Ecological Systems Theory RESEARCH METHODS IN STUDYING CHILDREN How theory and research work together Which theory is generally accepted today? What is the relationship between theory and research? Research methods Qualitative and quantitative research Scientific method – system of established principles and processes of scientific inquiry Identifying a problem Formulating hypotheses Collecting data Analyzing the data Disseminating findings Sampling Groups of participants chosen to represent the entire population The sample should adequately represent the population under study Generalization Random selection Forms of data collection Naturalistic and laboratory observations Parental self-reports Clinical interview Open-ended interview Structured interview Questionnaire Psychophysiological Methods Systematic Observation Observe respondent in their natural setting Naturalistic Observation In the "field" or natural environment where behavior happens Structured observation Laboratory situation set up to evoke behavior of interest All participants have equal chance to display behavior Participant observation Incognito Record data Audio Video Manual Interviews Clinical Interview Flexible, conversational style Probes for participant's point of view Structured Interview Each participant is asked same questions in same way May use questionnaires, get answers from groups Psychophysiological Methods Measures of autonomic nervous system activity Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, pupils, stress hormones Measures of Brain Function EEG Functional brain imaging (fMRI) Basic research designs Case studies Collect various information about a subject to be studied (people/event) Make a conclusion about subject understudied. Ethnographic studies Participant observation Correlational studies – To examine the relationship between 2 variables (independent and dependent variables) Research intended to discover whether a statistical relationship between two variables exists Problems of control and interpretation of causality Survey - A study on respondent's views on certain issues Use Questionnaires/Structured interview schedule Correlation Coefficients Magnitude Size of the number between 0 and 1. Closer to one (positive or negative) is a stronger relationship Direction Indicated by + or - sign. Positive (+) means, as one variable increases, so does the other Negative (-) means, as one variable increase, the other decreases. Correlations Experimental studies To examine the cause & effect of a phenomena understudied Rigorously controlled, replicable procedure in which the researcher manipulates variables to assess the effect of one on the other. Independent variable - the condition over which the experimenter has direct control Dependent variable - the condition that may or may not change as a result of changes in the independent variable Experimental group and control group Independent and Dependent Variables Independent Experimenter changes, or manipulates Expected to cause changes in another variable. Dependent Experimenter measures, but does not manipulate Expected to be influenced by the independent variable Modified Experiments Field Experiments Use rare opportunities for natural assignment in natural settings Natural Experiment Compare differences in treatment that already exist Groups chosen to match characteristics as much as possible Designs for Studying Development Longitudinal Same participants studied repeatedly at different ages People of differing ages all studied at the same Cross-sectional time Longitudinal- Same groups of different-aged people studied Cross-sectional repeatedly as they change ages. Microgenetic Same participant studied repeatedly over a short period as they master a task Children's Research Rights Protection from harm Right to Informed consent Knowledge of results Beneficial treatments Avoidance of deception Debriefing, providing a full account and justification of research activities, should take place with children, but does not always work as well Right to privacy and confidentiality Children's Research Rights The Female Reproductive System Uterus A muscular chamber about the size and shape of a pear. Located in a woman's abdomen, is a hollow, elastic reproductive organ, where a baby develops during pregnancy. Female anatomy The uterus - is a major female hormoneresponsive reproductive sex organ Within the uterus fetus develops during gestation. The term uterus =womb. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina; the other is connected on both sides to the Fallopian tubes. Sperm is the male reproductive cell Sperm Chief Characteristics: 1. Tightly packed tip (acrosome) that contains 23 chromosomes that carry genetic information 2. Short neck region 3. Trail to propel it in its search for the ovum 4. Microscopic Fact: Remains capable of fertilizing egg for 24-48 hours after ejaculation Of 200 million sperm that enter the vagina, only about 200 survive the journey to the fallopian tubes, where fertilization occurs Males, at birth, have in their testes those cells that will eventually produce sperm Ovum (Egg) The ovum is the female reproductive cell Chief Characteristics: 1. Round 2. .01 mm in diameter 3. Consistency of stiff jelly 4. Contributes 23 chromosomes Fact: Females already have 1-2 million primal eggs at birth Eggs usually fertilized about 12 hours after discharged from the ovary or they die within 12-24 hours ovulation • When a young woman reaches puberty, she begins to ovulate • a process in which a mature egg cell (also called an ovum), ready for fertilization by a sperm cell, is released from one of the ovaries Her body prepares for a potential pregnancy every cycle, whether or not she want to actually conceive. Under the influence of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), about 15 to 20 eggs start to mature in each ovary. Although it averages about two weeks, the process to release an egg can take anywhere from about eight days to a month or longer to complete. menstrual cycle Ovulation occurs 14 days before the next menstruation. As the average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days (starting with the first day of one period and ending with the first day of the next menstrual period), most women ovulate on day 14. A menstrual cycle can vary between 21 to 38 days. A woman is generally most fertile (able to become pregnant) a few days before, during, and after ovulation. The corpus luteum remains behind on the interior ovarian wall, and starts releasing progesterone. Progesterone quickly stops the release of all other eggs until the next cycle. The corpus luteum has a finite lifespan, of about 12 to 16 days. Menstruation If the egg does not become fertilized as it travels down the fallopian tube on its way to the uterus, the endometrium (lining of the uterus) is shed and passes through the vagina (the passageway through which fluid passes out of the body during menstrual periods; also called the birth canal), a process called menstruation. Pregnancy If the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell as it travels down the fallopian tube, then pregnancy occurs, it becomes attached to the lining of the uterus In order for conception to occur, though, there must be three factors present: the egg, the sperm a medium in which the sperm can travel to reach the fallopian tubes. Women produce cervical fluid under the influence of increasing levels of estrogen in the first part of the cycle. Sperms can live up to five days in fertile quality cervical fluid 3 Stages in prenatal development: Germinal stage Embryonic stage Fetal stage Principles Cephalocaudal principle Proximodistal principle First Stage: Germinal Starts at conception (fertilization) until implantation 14 days. Conception process When the sperms meets the egg (ovum) in the fallopian tube travel down into the uterus where it implants in the uterine lining and begin to grow (implantation). Conception Conception occurs when the sperm meets and penetrates the ovum, or egg sperm ovum Normally, only one sperms will succeed penetrating through the ovum wall. When one sperms succeeded penetrating the ovum wall, a protective lining will form around it preventing other sperms to enter/penetrate. The combination of ovum & sperms form zygote (with one nucleus). Zygote will later develop into blastosist a complex organism with millions of cells with various functions. Germinal stage (fertilization to 2 weeks) Rapid cell division, increasing complexity and differentiation, and implantation Mitosis Blastocyst Embryonic disk Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm Trophoblast Placenta & umbilical cord Amniotic sac & chorion Fertilization: the sperm and egg join in the fallopian tube to form a unique human being. • a fertilized egg, only thirty hours after conception. Zygotic Period (Conception - 1st Week) A zygote is a fertilized egg with 46 chromosomes Genetic potential determined at this time Egg is 2.5 mm in diameter at end of 1st week Mitosis, a process of cell division, occurs during this period Early development of a human embryo Early development of a human embryo Embrio : blastosis burrows into the uterine lining As soon as the fertilized egg burrows into the lining, it starts releasing a pregnancy hormone, HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) which sends a message back to the corpus luteum left behind on the ovarian wall. HCG signals the corpus luteum to remain alive beyond its usual maximum of 16 days and continuing to release progesterone long enough to sustain the nourishing lining. After several months, the placenta takes over, not only maintaining the endometrium, but providing all the oxygen and nutrients the fetus needs to thrive. Cells Division There are two type of cell division Mitosis and meiosis Reproductive cells divide through meiosis process, while all other body cells divide through the mitosis process Cells Division Mitosis is cell division that results in the duplication of cells; the daughter cells genetic copies of the parent cell. This cell multiplication allows for replacement of old cells, tissue repair, growth and development. Mitosis The creation of new cells through duplication of chromosomes & divisions of cells cells duplicates (From 1 24 16 32, etc) Cells developed into organs, brain, heart etc. Growth & Development You grew from a zygote, or fertilized egg (the fusion of two cells: an egg and a sperm) into an organism with trillions of specialized cells. Mitosis is the process that enabled you to grow and develop after that fateful meeting of ovum and sperm became 'you'. Cell Replacement Cells must divide in order for an organism to grow and develop, but cell division is also required for maintenance, cell turnover and replacement. Meiosis is Sex Cell (Gamete) Formation In sexually reproducing organisms, some cells are able to divide by another method called meiosis. Meiosis is a complex process by which gametes form; involves duplication and division of reproductive cells and their chromosomes. The number of chromosomes in cells divide into two's, and each set of cell will receive 1 from each sets of chromosomes makes up 23 sets. This type of cell division results in the production of gametes (eggs or sperm). Meiosis is much more complex than mitosis involves the duplication and subsequent division of chromosomes, meiosis involves two divisions of genetic material. As is the case in mitosis, in meiosis the cell duplicates its chromosome number prior to beginning cellular division. Then nuclear division, the sorting out of the genetic material, begins, and unfolds over the course of 2 cellular divisions that result in 4 gametes. Meiosis is Sex Cell (Gamete) Formation Gametes & Gonads Gametes are haploid (1n) with half the number of chromosomes than the progenitor cell that they arose from. These haploid sex cells arise in specialized reproductive tissue called the gonads. Ovaries (female gonads) and testes (male gonads) are the sites of meiosis. Fertilization & Development Sexual reproduction results in the merging of sperm and egg at fertilization, and brings the chromosome count back to the 2n diploid number necessary for a zygote to have complete genetic information; 2 sets of genetic instructions in 23 pairs of chromosomes. As cells divide, the zygote develops and grows into an embryo, fetus and beyond. These 23 pairs of chromosomes are duplicated with every cell division, and are the genetic material inside nearly every cell of the body. What's the Difference between Mitosis & Meiosis Mitosis is how the cells of our body make more cells for growth, development and repair. Meiosis is how our body makes sex cells, or gametes (eggs or sperm). Mechanisms of Heredity The Genetic Code Basis of heredity is a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains all the inherited material passed from biological parents to children Every cell except the sex cells has 23 pairs of chromosomes-46 in all Genetic action that triggers growth of body and brain is often regulated by hormones Mechanisms of heredity The genetic code DNA and chromosomes Human genome 23 pairs of chromosomes in every cell (46 total) – except sex cells Meiosis – division in sex cells (23 single chromosomes) Mitosis – division in body cells Genetic Code Genetic information are kept in chromosomes ie. A long & complex set of DNA molecules. Genes is a segment of DNA molecules contains instructions for making protein. Human being is said to have 100 trillions of cells in the body with specific functions; and is distributed through 46 chromosomes, ie. 23 from father & 23 from mother. Genetic Foundation Genotype (genetic makeup) Phenotype (observable characteristics) Hereditary composition of the zygote What determines sex? Autosomes – chromosome pairs 1- 22 Sex chromosomes – 23rd pair of chromosomes XX = female Xy = males Determination of a child's sex What Determines Sex? Sex chromosomes are either X chromosomes or Y chromosomes When an ovum (X) is fertilized by an X-carrying sperm, the zygote formed is XX, a female When an ovum (X) is fertilized by a Y-carrying sperm, the resulting zygote is XY, a male Choromosomes Boy or girl? Chromosomes determine sex : 23 pairs of sex chromosomes Female : XX pairs of sex chromosomes Male : XY pairs of sex chromosomes FATHER=XY XY (male) MOTHER=XX XX (female) Patterns of Genetic Transmission When an offspring receives two contradictory traits, only one of them, the dominant one shows itself The expression of a recessive trait, occurs only when a person receives the recessive traits from both parents Dominant and recessive inheritance What Causes Multiple Births? Dizygotic (two-egg) twins=fraternal twins Monozygotic (one-egg) twins=identical twins The rise in multiple births is due in part to a trend toward delayed childbearing Infertility Inability to conceive a baby after 12 to 18 months of trying Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities Some defects are due to abnormalities in genes or chromosomes, which may result from mutations Many disorders arise when an inherited predisposition interacts with an environmental factor, either before or after birth Sex linked inheritance of a birth defect Genetic Counseling and Testing A chart can show chromosomal abnormalities and can indicate whether a person who appears normal might transmit genetic defects to a child Multiple births Dizygotic and monozygotic twins Increased incidence of multiple births in US Why? Delayed childrearing Fertility drugs Infertility: Alternative ways to parenthood Inability to conceive after 12 to 18 months of trying Multiple causes Too few sperm Too few ova Abnormal ova Disease of the uterine lining Deterioration in quality of ova Blockage of the fallopian tubes Assisted reproduction Artificial insemination Artificial insemination by a donor In vitro fertilization Ovum transfer Surrogate motherhood What are concerns raised by surrogate motherhood? Nature and Nurture Some Characteristics Influenced by Heredity and Environment Adopted children's IQs are consistently closer to the IQs of their biological mothers than to those of their adoptive parents and siblings. Monozygotic twins generally look alike; they are also more concordant than dizygotic twins in their risk for such medical disorders as hypertension (high blood pressure), heart disease, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, peptic ulcers, and epilepsy Heredity seems to exert a strong influence on general intelligence and also on specific abilities A strong hereditary influence on schizophrenia and autism, among other disorders; found in families Embryonic Stage Embryonic stage (2 to 8 weeks) Rapid growth and development of major body systems and organs A critical period Trimesters Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) Stillborn Phases in pregnancy: First trimester (week 1-12) 2nd Trimester (week 13 -24) 3rd Trimester (week 25 & above) Proses Persenyawaan Bapa (sperma) ½ sel (23 kromosom X or Y) Ibu (Ovum) ½ sel (23 kromosom X) Persenyawaan zigot Embrio Fetus Baby 2nd Stage: Embryonic Period (2nd Week - 2nd Month) The phase after implantation. after the development of zygote and developing its blastosist. Embryo composed of millions of cells with various functions (week 3-8) 2nd Stage: Embryonic Period (2nd Week - 2nd Month) The differentiation of embryonic cells into layers marks the beginning of the embryo, or embryonic period Period when all body systems form Highly sensitive for susceptibility of congenital malformations, or abnormal conditions with which an infant is born Embryonic Period: End of the 1st Month 1/4 inch (6 mm) long 1 oz. Weight Crescent-shaped with small limb buds on sides Tail with tiny ridges Rudimentary circulatory system is forming Heart begins to beat Growth acceleration Embryonic Period:End of 2nd Month 1.5 inches long Beginning of face, neck, fingers, toes develop Limb buds lengthen Muscles enlarge Sex organs begin to form Rapid brain development Embryo is firmly planted on uterine wall and is receiving nourishment from placenta and umbilical cord 7 weeks Facial features are visible, including a mouth and tongue. The eyes have a retina and lens. The major muscle system is developed, and the unborn child practices moving. The child has its own blood type, distinct from the mother's. These blood cells are produced by the liver now instead of the yolk sac. rd 3 stage: Fetal Stage (8 weeks to birth) Embryo develops fetus (baby in the uterus). Cells that represents eyes, head, body, hands, legs further develops larger. The period of consumption until baby is born 40 weeks (sometimes 38-36 weeks). Fetal stage Increased detail of body parts and greatly enlarged body size Finishing touches Fetal behavior Ultrasound Early Fetal Period: 3rd - 6th Month Period of the fetus begins around the 3rd month and continues until delivery Movement first becomes apparent to mother at this time No new anatomical features appear during this period, yet still critical time Early Fetal Period: 3rd Month Rapid growth, 3 inches long at end of 3rd month Sexual differentiation continues Teeth buds emerge Stomach and kidneys begin to function Vocal cords appear Reflex actions felt: opens/closes mouth, clenches fist, sucks thumb Early Fetal Period:4th Month Most rapid growth rate (doubles in length to 6-8 inches) 6 oz. Weight Hands fully shaped Bony tissue begins to form Early Fetal Period:5th Month Reaches 1/2 of birth length (8- 10 inches) Only 10% of birth weight (1/2 lb.) Skin, hair, nails appear Internal organs grow and assume proper anatomical positions Pigmented hair on head & eyebrows appears Early Fetal Period: 6th Month 13 inches long 1 lb. Weight Eyelids reopen and are completed Structurally complete but functionally immature Later Fetal Period: 7th-9th Month/Birth From the 7th month to birth, the fetus triples in weight This is a period of filling out Preparation for birth Later Fetal Period:7th Month A layer of adipose tissue begins to form under skin (serves as both insulator & food supplier) Rapid 2-4 lb. Weight gain 14-16 inches long Fetus is quiet for long periods of time Brain more active and is increasing control over body systems Later Fetal Period:8th Month Fetus is more active (frequent changes in position) Fatty deposits distributed 16-18 inches long 4-6 lbs. Later Fetal Period:9th Month (Birth) 19-21 inches long 6-8 lbs. Birth process is initiated by placenta and contraction of uterine muscles Birth generally occurs after week 40 of gestation (normal is 38-42 wks.) Important parts in the uterus Amniotic Sac Placenta Amniotic fluid Umbilical cord Environmental Influences (Teratogens) Maternal factors Teratogenic – capable of causing birth defects Maternal factors (continued) Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs Medical drugs Thalidomide DES Aspirin Caffeine Cocaine, heroin, or methadone Maternal factors (continued) Tobacco/Nicotine Alcohol Fetal alcohol syndrome Fetal alcohol effects Sexually transmitted diseases and other maternal illnesses Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Radiation Environmental Polution Maternal Diseases Other Maternal factors Exercise & Physical activity Nutrition Emotional Stress Rh Incompartibility Maternal age Paternal factors Environmentally caused defects Cocaine use Age Smoking Monitoring prenatal development Ultrasound Sonogram Sonoembriology Amniocentesis Chorionic villus sampling Embryoscopy Preimplantation genetic diagnosis Umbilical cord sampling (fetal blood sampling) Maternal blood test Prenatal care Why is prenatal care important? How can it be improved? What is the relationship between prenatal care and low birthweight and premature births? How can we tell whether a new baby is healthy and is developing normally? What complications of childbirth can endanger newborn babies, and what can be done to increase the chances of a positive outcome? The birth process Stages of childbirth First stage Second stage Third stage Fourth stage Electronic fetal monitoring Stages of childbirth Prenatal development (con't) The Baby's Adaptation to Labor and Delivery Newborn's appearance The Newborn Baby Newborn are called Neonate. First four weeks of life (neonatal period) A time of transition from the uterus, where a fetus is supported entirely by the mother to an independent existence. When neonate are first born: Covered by fluid from amniotic sac Blood from placenta Brownish fluid from own faeces. Covered with lanugo (fuzzy prenatal hair) Covered with vernix caseosa (cheesy varnish) The Newborn Baby Size and Appearance New babies have distinctive feature a large head and a receding chin On the head Fontanels (the soft spots) Newborns have a pinkish cast skin so thin that it barely covers the capillaries through which blood flows. Boys tend to be slightly longer and heavier than girls, and a firstborn child is likely to weigh less at birth than later-borns The Newborn Baby Weight : 2.8 -3.2 kg Length : 51-53 cm (Boy > girl) Head Circumference: 30-33 cm Breathing: Initially fast, short & irregular Later more stable & with rhythm Blood pressure become stable in 10 days. Is the Baby Healthy? Medical and Behavioral Screening 1. 2. 3. Apgar Scale The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale Checks are also done for any structural or physical deformities (eg. spinal defect, cleft palate) Silver nitrate or tetracycline is usually dropped into neonate eyes to prevent from bacterial infection while passing through birth canal. Apgar Scale Apgar Scale is a standard measurement of a newborn's condition Introduced by Dr. Virginia Apgar Access newborn 1 min after birth 5 min after birth Assess: Appearance (colour) Pulse (heart beat rate) Grimace (reflex) Activity (muscle tone) Respiration (breathing) APGAR SCALE Sign 0 1 2 Appearance Blue, pale Body pink, extremities blue Entirely Pink Pulse Absent Slow (below 100) Rapid (over 100) Grimace No response Grimace Coughing, sneezing, crying Activity Limp Weak, inactive Strong, active Respiration Absent Irregular, slow Good, Crying Score: Above 7 = (good/normal) 4 -7 = average, need monitoring 3 & Below = need immediate attention, high risk situation Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) (Dr. Berry Brazelton) serves 3 purpose: As an index of neurological integrity after birth To predict future development To assesses neonates' responsiveness to their physical and social environment Screening done on 3rd day and repeat again after several days. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) Test on four distinct areas: Social behavior (interactive behaviors in the home) Motor behaviors (reflexes & muscle activities) Control of physiology (baby's ability to quiet himself) Stress response (startle reaction) High score a neurologically well developed infant Low score a sluggish infant who need help in responding to social situations, or possible brain damage. Babies In-born Reflexes Reflexes an inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation. Full term newborns come equipped with a variety of reflexes for use in dealing efficiently with stimuli present in their environment. Some reflexes are necessary for survival (eg. Rooting & sucking reflexes) Reflexes are probably genetic in origin & include a timing mechanism that allows them to fade away after a period of time. Examples of Newborn Reflexes Eye Blink Moro Withdrawal Palmar Grasp Rooting Tonic Neck Sucking Stepping Swimming Babinski In-born Reflexes Reflexes Eliciting Stimulus Response Developmental duration Babinski Gentle stroke along Toes fan out: big toe sole of foot (heel - toe) reflexes Disappears by end of first year Moro Sudden lost of support Disappear in 6 months Palmer Grasp Rod of finger pressed Object grasp against infant's palm Disappear in 3-4 months Rooting Object lightly brushes infant's cheek Disappear in 3-4 months Sucking Insert Finger in mouth Rhythmic sucking Walking Held baby upright. Sole of feet placed on hard surface Arms extended, then brought towards each other Baby turns towards object and attempts to suck Disappear in 3-4 months Infant step forward as if Disappear in walking 3-4 months Rooting Stroke cheek near corner of mouth or object brushes the area Infant respon by turning head toward stimulation Disappears at 3 weeks when child begins to be able to voluntarily turn head Helps infant find nipple Moro Reflex Hold infant horizontally on back and let head drop slightly or produce sudden loud sound against surface supporting infant Infant response is to make an embracing motion by arching back, extending legs, throwing arms outward and then bringing them in toward the body Disappear at 6 months Probably in human evolution helped baby cling to mother Palmer Grasp Spontaneous grasp of adult's finger Disappears at 3-4 months to allow reaching and grasping Prepares infant for voluntary grasping Tonic Neck Reflex Turn baby's head to one side while lying on back Infant responds by lying in a "fencing position" with one arm extended in front of eyes on side to which head is turned other arm is flexed Disappears at 4 months May prepare infant for voluntary reaching GROWTH Children grow faster during the first years, especially during the first few months. This rapid growth rate tapers off during the second and third years Physical growth and development follow the maturational principles of the cephalocaudal principle and proximodistal principle. Influences on Growth Genes interact with environment, i.e. nutrition and living conditions, general health and well-being Well-fed, well-cared-for children grow taller and heavier than less well nourished and nurtured children Better medical care, immunization and antibioticsbetter health Growth And Nutrition Nourishment Breast milk is almost always the best food for newborns and is recommended for at least the first 12 months Parents can avoid obesity and cardiac problems in themselves and in their children by adopting a more active lifestyle for the entire family--and to breastfeed their babies The Brain First 3 years of life is critical to baby's brain development. Before & after birth brain growth is fundamental to future development. It is estimated that about 250,000 brain cells are form every minute in the uterus. By birth, almost 100 billion nerve cell are formed, but not fully develop. Molding the Brain: The Role of Experience Smiling, babbling, crawling, walking, and talking are possible due to rapid development of the brain, particularly the cerebral cortex …BRAIN Each part of the brain is very important in infuencing a child development integration between child emotions and behavior. Middle brain: Limbic System • Covers motivation, emotions, & long term memory, aggressive behavior, body temperature, hunger, nerve system activities, hormon secretion Outer Brain: Cortex & neocortex • Divided into lobes/sections (folds) with specific functions. • Placement of 'intelligence' & higer mental process, learning, memory, thinking, language (last to develop) • Also control vision, hearing, inventing. Brain stem Contro process such as breathing, heartbeat muscle movement, kidney process, reflex behavior, sleep, arousal, attention, balance/movement etc. 171 Regions of the Cerebral Cortex Thin layer on the brain's surface that include lobes or sections: Occipital lobe Process vision. Temporal Lobe Process hearing Parietal Lobe Process sensory stimuli Frontal Lobe Critical thinking & problem solving Frontal cortex area of the cortex that controls personality and the 172 ability to carry out plans Molding the Brain: The Role of Experience Early experience can have lasting effects on emotional development and the capacity of the central nervous system to learn and store information Sometimes corrective experience can make up for past deprivation Brain and Neurons ...OTAK & NEURON First 3 years of life children's brain are actively building and developing connections between the neurons cells. Connections are developed when the brain are actively receiving stimulus process between receiving and sending impulses between the cells. Through axons/dendrites send signals to other neurons & receive incoming message through connection called synapses. 174 Infant States of Arousal States of arousal are different degrees of sleep and wakefulness Infants move in and out of 5 states throughout the day and night: Regular sleep Irregular sleep Drowsiness Alert Activity Waking activity and crying Striking individual differences in daily rhythms exist that affect parents' attitudes toward and interactions with baby. Ways to Soothe a Crying Baby Hold on shoulder and rock or walk Swaddle Pacifier Ride in carriage, car, swing Combine methods Let cry for short time Adjustments to Parenthood Physical Schedule Financial Time Gender roles Parents' relationship Pre-birth counseling Interventions for high-risk couples Early Sensory Capacities Touch Hearing Vision Taste Smell Touch and Pain Touch seems to be the first sense to develop Sensitivity to touch, pain, and temperature change is well- developed at birth. Pain experienced during the neonatal period may sensitize an infant to later pain, perhaps by affecting the neural pathways that process painful stimuli Relieve pain with anesthetics, sugar, gentle holding Reflexes reveal sensitivity to touch, for example touch on mouth, palms, soles, genitals Touch helps stimulate physical and emotional development. Newborn Senses of Taste and Smell Prefer sweet tastes at birth Quickly learn to like new tastes Have odor preferences from birth Can locate odors and identify mother by smell from birth Taste Babies are born with the ability to communicate their taste preferences to caregivers. Infant facial expressions indicate they can distinguish among several tastes. Newborns' rejection of bitter tastes is probably another survival mechanism, since many bitter substances are toxic Smell The responsiveness of infants to the smell of certain foods is similar to that of adults showed that some odor preferences are innate. A newborn infant is attracted to the odor of her own mother's lactating breast helps to find food source and to identify own mother a survival mechanism. Newborns can identify the location of an unpleasant odor and turn head away. A preference for pleasant odors seems to be learned in utero and during the first few days after birth Studies conducted: Smell and Taste Lipsitt, Engen & Kye (1963) : Baby showed negative response to the smell of ammonia. Steiner : Baby showed different facial expression when exposed to different type of scent. Mac Farlane (1977): Baby can differentiate between own mother's milk and other mothers' milk. Schmidt & Beauchamp (1988) : Baby's ability to smell is almost equivalent to a 3 years old ability to smell. Harris & friends: By aged 4 months old, baby like the taste of salt • • Baby likes the smell of: • Banana, • Margerine • Tangerine Baby dislikes the smell of: • Amonia • Rotten egg Well developed at birth - sensitive to voices and biologically prepared to learn language Hearing is functional before birth ability to discrimination sound develops rapidly after birth. E.g. Infants respond with changes in heart rate to loud sounds (even in the womb) Can hear wide range of sounds but are more responsive to some than others – i.e. prefer complex sounds to pure tones Newborns prefer complex sounds such as voices and noises to pure tones - learn sound patterns within days Newborns prefer speech that is high-pitched and expressive. There are only a few speech sounds that newborns cannot discriminate, and their ability to perceive speech sounds outside their language is more precise than an Developments in Hearing 4 – 6 months 6 months Sense of musical phrasing "Screen out" sounds from non-native languages Recognize familiar words, natural 7 – 9 months phrasing in native language 10 months Can detect words that start with weak syllables Studies conducted: Hearing De Casper & Fifer (1980): Baby can differentiate mother's voices from others thru' baby sucking pattern. Birnhold & Benacerraf (1983): 28th week baby showed his/her response thru facial expression. Wertheimer (1961) : Baby able to follow source of sound thru' the "clicker" test. Vision Vision - the least developed sense at birth Newborns cannot focus their eyes very well and their visual acuity fineness of discrimination, is limited However, newborns explore their environment by scanning it for interesting sights & tracking moving objects. They can't yet discriminate colors but color vision will improve in a couple of months. Visual perception is poor at birth but improves to 20/100 by age 6 months Binocular vision using both eyes to Infants' Scanning of Faces 189 Face-like Stimuli 190 Studies conducted: Sight Langlois & friends (1990): Babies are more attracted to attractive and beautiful human faces. Fantz (1993): Babies prefer to look at pictures of human. Aslin (1987): 4 days old babies can differentiate between green and red. Babies prefer blue and red as compared to other colors. Gibson & Walk (1960): Visual cliff experiment. 6 mth babies has already develop in-dept perception in visual. Steps in Depth Perception Birth – 1 month Sensitivity to motion cues 2–4 months Sensitivity to binocular cues 5 –12 months Sensitivity to pictorial cues. Wariness of heights Steps in Pattern Perception 3 weeks Poor contrast sensitivity. Prefer large simple patterns 2 months Can detect fine-grained detail. Prefer complex patterns. 4 months Can detect patterns even if boundaries are not really present 12 months Can detect objects if two-thirds of drawing is missing Improvements in Vision Brain development helps infants reach adult levels of vision skills: 2 months: Focus and color vision 6 months: acuity, scanning & tracking 6–7 months: depth perception Integrating Sensory Information By 1 month, can integrate sight and touch By 4 months, can integrate sight and sound 4- and 7-month-olds can match facial appearance (boy or man) with sound of voice 195 Motor Development Maturity affect infant perceptual and motor abilities. Milestones of Motor Development Babies first learn simple skills and then combine them into increasingly complex systems of action Week 1 : Motor ability progress Month 1 : Chin lift Month 2 : Reach for object Denver Developmental Screening Test measures: Gross motor skills (those using large muscles), such as rolling over and catching a ball, and Fine motor skills (using small muscles), such as grasping a rattle and copying a circle. Language development (for example, knowing the definitions of words) Personality and social development (such as smiling spontaneously and dressing without help). Motor Development Newborn are not able to control their body movement no coordination. Most movements are due to inborn reflexes (rooting, moro, palmer grasp etc) Humans begin to walk later than other species, possibly because babies' heavy heads and short legs make balance difficult Milestone in motor develpment 198 Motor Development How Motor Development Occurs: Maturation in Context According to Thelen, normal babies develop the same skills in the same order because they are built approximately the same way and have similar physical challenges and needs Motor Development Cultural Influences on Motor Development Chances to explore their surroundings motor development likely to be normal Some cultures actively encourage early development of motor skills Motor Development Training Motor Skills Experimentally Gesell concluded that children perform certain activities when they are ready, and training gives no advantage Interaction of biology and environment are involved in infant motor development Social development Baby's ability to interact with other people Develops thru regular interaction with babies,: Feeding Cleaning Caring/loving Newborn can imitate facial expression. Attachment What is attachment? The most important form of social development that occurs during infancy is ATTACHMENT, the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual. Bowlby viewed attachment as based on infant's needs for safety and security (especially from the mother) Infant Attachment Attachment an infant responds positively to specific others, feels better when they are close, and seeks them out when frightened. Attachment provides a sense of security to the child information about the environment Infant Attachment Critical for allowing the infant to explore the world Having a strong, firm attachment provides a safe base from which the child can gain independence. Attachment: adaptive suggests that the tendency to form relationships is at least partly biologically based. Infant Attachment Mary Ainsworth (1978) identified three major attachment styles: Secure strong bonding Avoidant negative bonding Anxious/ambivalent display a combination of positive and negative bonding


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Great views, comfortable bed, clean room and bath, very inviting lobby and a free hot breakfast. The meeting room was very comfortable, large enough and conveniently located off the lobby area. I would recommend to anyone traveling for business or pleasure.
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Take our Customer Feedback Survey. Your feedback lets us know how well we are meeting your expectations. We want to ensure that activities we engage in are benefiting you and your organization to the greatest extent possible. It is our vision to be partnering for better, faster, cheaper, safer aviation missions.


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Feis Culkin Registration opens tomorrow, Sunday, September 11! We will fill up fast, so get up early with your cup of coffee and get registered first thing! Go to www.feisweb.com to register!
Kensington Location Announced!
Our Kensington location has been confirmed! Classes on Thursdays will be held at Grace Episcopal School at 9411 Connecticut Ave, Kensington, MD! For directions to our new location, CLICK HERE!!!
End of the Year Ceili!
Come one, come all! On Friday, June 3, The Culkin Booster Club will be hosting an "End of the Year Ceili!" We have had a fantastic year of fun & learning and do hope that you and YOUR dancer can attend! There will be dancing, music and more! Date: Friday, June 3, 2016, Time: 5:30 PM to 9:00 PM, Location: Knights of Columbus 9707 Rosensteel Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910. For all information and details and to register, click here!
Register NOW for Beginner Fall classes!!
Fall 2016/17 classes are now open for enrollment. Early bird registration discount of $25 when you sign up your beginner dancer before June 30! Don't miss this wonderful opportunity! Irish dancing is a wonderful way to stay fit while learning about Irish dance and music! Fun for all ages! *Register for Fall Beginner Classes!*
Spring Break
The Culkin School's Spring Break was held from March 18 until Saturday, April 2, 2016 when they classes resumed. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter to see how our Worlds Qualifiers are doing in their competitions in Glasgow!
Channel 7 Debut on St. Patrick's Day!
HAPPY ST. PATRICK'S DAY! Wake up and turn on Channel 7 to see some of our dancers, who qualified for the World Championships in Glasgow, dance! The clip will be aired at 8:40 am on March 17! If you're not already en route to performances, tune in and watch! Go …
St. Patrick's Day!
The Holy Day is upon us! This coming Thursday, The Culkin School has over 20 performances in Maryland, DC and VA! Come join in the fun and celebrate being Irish! Just click on the SignUpGenius media button on the right side of this page and once in SignUpGenius, click "find …
Join us this weekend!
Join us this Sunday for a fundraiser supporting the McKenna Center at Georgetown Prep on Rockville Pike. It is the 9th Annual Jigs and Reels and Songs for the Homeless! We are thrilled to be a part of such a wonderful program helping support the homeless in our area. Check out our very own dancer, Bonnie C, bringing it HOME! Click here for more information!
Booster Club Fundraisers
Join the Booster Club on Sunday, Feb 21 from 3-7pm at Flanagan's Harp & Fiddle, 4844 Cordell Ave, Bethesda, MD to help fund scholarships for our World Qualifying dancers. Live music and dancing, raffles and MORE! ON Thursday, March 3 (ALL DAY), come and eat at the Limerick Pub, 11301 Elkin Street, Wheaton, MD. A percentage of the proceeds will help the Booster Club fund scholarships for Culkin World Qualifying dancers! Make sure you bring this coupon to the Limerick.
Classes Cancelled Tues, 2/16/16
Unfortunately MCPS has cancelled for today, Tuesday, Feb 16. We do follow MCPS' inclement weather policy. Classes are cancelled canceled for today. Once we get through the winter season, we will discuss make-up classes and communicate the plan!


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Exhibitions Intern
Cause Areas
WhenIt's flexible! We'll work with your schedule.
Where1401 N. 3rd St.Harrisburg, PA 17102
Exhibitions Interns provide support to the Director of Exhibitions in the planning, implementing, installing and maintenance of multiple exhibitions spaces throughout the museum. Thus position is ideal for students looking for internship credits or arts experiences on their resume. This is a hands on position with a flexible schedule. Duties may include administrative work, painting, light construction, photography, social media updates, research, gallery hosting, etc. Can be tailored to the volunteer's skill set and interests!
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Good Match For
Requirements & Commitment
- Orientation or Training


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Full Circle Box – Week of October 24th "All Hallows' Eve"
I've got one word for you this Friday, okay two words – celery root. I urge everyone to sub-out at least one thing and sub-in some celeriac. Celery root is a variety of celery that is grown for its tender underground root. I had never had any of this amazing vegetable until I started getting my Full Circle box and now I look forward to it every year.
The funny thing is – I hate celery. It is one of the few things in my mind that doesn't improve with organic and farm fresh origins. Celery from our farm is even more celery-y, potent and chewy. It tastes more I suppose like celery should, which is awful. But celery root, now that's something completely different.
It's rough and knobby exterior gives way to a light, smooth and creamy interior that when roasted becomes a rich and tasty light celery flavor with notes of pepper and pear. It is amazing. That being said, its season is short so get it while it's available. I'm definitely subbing it in and adding some more to my green grocery. As for my list:
Garnet Yams Romaine Lettuce
Acorn Squash Escarole
Lacinato Kale Dapple Dandy Pluots
Spinach Red Flame Grapes
Romanesco D'anjou Pears
Scallions Gala Apples
It's looking pretty good, and there is one other item I am excited about – Romanesco. For those of you that aren't familiar with this delicacy, it's like a fractal-ized version of cauliflower with a slightly softer flavor. Perfect for a Lebanese garlic sauce, which is what I'm going to do with mine. The yams will go for a nice roast veggie platter, the escarole will end up in white bean soup. The spinach I may sub-out for something else, as I still have last weeks, but when it get's cooked down one bunch is only enough for really one person. So I'll leave it in there and make a quiche with spinach, scallion and mushrooms. The fruit will go for crisps and the grapes I'll sub out for the celery root since they come from California.
I think that will about do it, though I'll add some bread, yogurt, and Linda gave me a great idea for the fresh lasagna noodles – ravioli! Now that's what the spinach should go for, that and the kale with some roasted squash and pine nuts. Oh, that sounds great! I love it when meals just come together like that. I better add some garlic and maybe some more leeks if they're available. I still have some beef in the freezer and some leftover squash soup, but that won't make it through the weekend.
So, meals next week – White Bean and Escarole Soup, Spinach and Acorn Squash Ravioli, Roast Yams and Braised Kale, and maybe a crisp, or a tart. I do have a new tart pan I want to try out. Its good to be flexible. I hope everyone has a great weekend. Next week – squash ravioli or Lebanese garlic romanesco.
I made a white bean soup with escarole that was excellent but somehow I lost the recipe. Could someone send it to me. It was simple but mighty tasty and I would love to have the recipe. Thank you.
Hi Briu,
If the recipe came in one of Full Circle's farm notes that come with your order you can access an archive of those recipes by logging into your member account and going to the Good Food & Recipes page. If you can't find it there, feel free to send a note to customer service at firstname.lastname@example.com and they would be happy to send you the recipe.


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For all the bubelehs in your life -- finally -- the completely updated New Joys of Yiddish. Not a moment too soon, all the wit and wisdom of American Jewish culture -- as comforting as a bowl of matzo ball soup and more fun than a game of dreidel -- you should buy it, live and be well!
When the world feels like its going to Gehenna (see page 118), I know of no better way to stop kvetching (see page 198) than to pick up Leo Rosten's witty and evocative classic. Newly revised, it reflects the changes wrought over the years, without losing one bit of the spirit, joy, or humanity of the original. Leo Rosten had seykhl (see page 317), and Lawrence Bush is a real mensch (see page 232) for doing such a good job of complementing Rosten's work and bringing it up to date for the 21st century. In his introduction, Bush confides that his grandmother used to say, "Oy, a lebn af dayn kop! ("Life on your head"), and I, for one, second that blessing. I would go further -- I'd say you'd have to have a lokh in kop (see page 209) not to love this book. It is a valentine to Jewish-American culture, with rib-tickling jokes that had me cackling on the bus, interspersed with folklore and stories dating back to the days of the eastern European shtetl (see page 366). Also included are helpful explanations of the symbolism and meaning of Jewish religious observances and illuminating tidbits of information. But whether explaining the difference between a shlemeil and a shlemazel (see page 344) or describing the magic of Klezmer music (see page 182), The New Joys of Yiddish is manna for a Jewish-American soul -- or for anyone interested in dipping into the delights of this fascinating language and culture. (Judith Estrine)


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When Julie Andrews sang "The hills are alive with the sound of music" from an Austrian mountaintop in 1965, the most beloved movie musical was born. To be sure, the adaptation of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II''s Broadway hit has never been as universally acclaimed as, say, Singin'' in the Rain. Critics argue that the songs are saccharine (even the songwriters regretted the line "To sing through the night like a lark who is learning to pray") and that the characters and plot lack the complexity that could make them more interesting. It''s not hard to know whom to root for when your choice is between cute kids and Nazis.
It doesn''t matter. Audiences fell in love with the struggling novice Maria (Andrews), the dashing Captain von Trapp (Christopher Plummer), and, yes, the cute kids, all based on a real-life World War II Austrian family. Such songs as "My Favorite Things," "Do Re Mi," "Climb Every Mountain," and the title tune became part of the 20th century Zeitgeist. In addition, The Sound of Music officially became a cult hit when audiences in London began giving it the Rocky Horror Picture Show treatment, attending showings dressed as their favorite characters and delivering choreographed comments and gestures along with the movie. --David Horiuchi
Experience the world''s most beloved family film as never before with this 3-disc 45th Anniversary Edition of Rodgers & Hammerstein''s® The Sound of Music, Winner of five 1965 Academy Awards®, including Best Picture!
In this true-life story, Julie Andrews lights up the screen as Maria, a spirited young woman who leaves the convent to bring love and music to the home of Captain von Trapp (Christopher Plummer) and his seven children.


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Ripoff Report
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Blackhawk Logistics?
SUBMITTED: Tuesday, January 21, 2014POSTED: Tuesday, January 21, 2014
I recently suddenly recieved an email talking about a job opportunity from a company called "Blackhawk Logistics". I'm not sure if it's the same people. Apparently the job is looking for a Mail Coordinator to pack and send items. I just found this odd because the email I recieved it in is not my usual email, and definitely not one I would use when searching for jobs. There was no other information other than to email back if I was interested.
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
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Reset My Password
This will send a password reset to your email address on file. A reminder that your email address on your account must be valid and working to receive the reset request.
We would love to hear your feedback and any suggestions you may have for our new VWVortex store.
Let us know if there is a color option you would like added or a particular merchandise item you would like to see in the store. Have you had a chance to buy an item from our store? Then we want to hear what you think about the merchandise you bought.
If you would like to provide feedback/suggestions please post in here in the Store Feedback forum.
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Almost new apartment is located a few meters from the sandy beach, in the center of town with all the infrastructure necessary for life. In addition, the building is located on a hill with spectacular views of the coast, the port, the island of Benidorm and mountains. The house is built with modern and environmentally friendly materials. The portal of the building are decorated with natural stone, elevator is equipped with a television screen. The floors are Italian marble. The kitchen is equipped with appliances (stove, oven), there are large wardrobes. The windows are double glazed and are equipped with shutters. The building is equipped with 12 solar panels. Community pool with jacuzzi incorporated.
We can help you to get a mortgage on favourable terms. A residence permit can be obtained with the purchase of this property. Please ask our team for more information.


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Forget All The Myths Surrounding The Program: It's All About The Fellowship (For Me)
Have you ever tried to do something really hard? Perhaps lose weight, start a new fitness program or stop smoking? Did someone else help you or support you? Was it less difficult with someone's help and support who accomplished what you are trying to accomplish? Of course it was.
For centuries, humans have relied on each other to overcome life's greatest challenges. Humans have always organized into groups to do what individuals cannot do on their own. This is the foundation for government, democracy and civilization.
Alcoholics Anonymous, in its most basic, primal form, operates under this ancient, indisputably successful model. The Power of the Group. Power in Numbers. Tribe Mentality. The Fellowship. Call it what you want.
When thousands of like-minded individuals get together to meet on every given night, in every given town in American to help each other with their drinking problems, this is a power immensely greater than the individual fighting alone. No other program of recovery can boast this power. That's a fact.
Let me give you a few examples of how the power of the AA program has worked from my experience. Mind you, I have only been in the program for 15 months.
- People in AA are the only folks who can truly relate to what I'm going through as an alcoholic. They know what it feels like to drive by a billboard ad for booze and start to salivate and cringe at the same time. They know the guilt and shame that I harbor for getting into trouble with alcohol. They know how difficult it is living "one day at a time." They know the insidious power of denial. My "regular" friends, my family and even my therapist can never truly understand what's it's like to be an alcoholic. This is so critical for me, because being an alcoholic can make you feel like the loneliest person in the world. With AA, it doesn't have to be this way.
- People in AA truly care about me and others in the program. I don't think I have ever met as many selfless, giving, and caring people as I've met in AA. When I last relapsed, there were 6 guys offering to pick me up and take me to a meeting. There was a roomful of folks at every one of my regular meetings waiting to give me a hug and welcome me back. There's my sponsor who puts up with my b.s. on a daily basis. There are guys and gals who offer me rides to meetings every day. Last night at my home group meeting, there were 110 people (yes, I counted) celebrating someone who got a 25 year coin. But the biggest round of applause came when a high school kid came up and got his 24 hour coin! Amazing…
- AA Teaches You How To Live Sober. AA gets a lot of unwarranted criticism for its 12 Step program and emphasis on spirituality. Contrary to popular belief, you don't have to believe in God or any of that stuff in the program. The Steps are suggestions, not requirements. The only requirement for membership is the desire to stop drinking. Putting all that aside, what I've learned through a year plus in AA is how to live happily sober. It's a learning process and work in progress, but AA folks are generally very fun to be around with great personalities. At least that's what I've found.
- AA is but one piece in the recovery puzzle. Borrowing from good financial investing, I believe with recovery, you need to diversify, and not put all your eggs in one basket. That goes with AA. For me, in addition to AA meetings, my recovery includes private therapy, medication, exercise, daily reading/reflection, and of course writing this Blog! Granted, AA is a big part of my recovery, but it's not my entire recovery plan.
Well, that's all I got today.
One day at a time…
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Berserker's Hauberk
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Berserker's Hauberk is set splint mail in Diablo II. It is one of the three pieces of the Berserker's Arsenal item set.
Berserker's Hauberk
Splint Mail
Defense: 90-95 (varies)
Defense: (93-387) - (98-392) (varies)
Required Level: 3
Required Strength: 51
Required Level: 3
Durability: 30
+1 to Barbarian skill levels
magic damage reduced by 2
+ (3 Per Character Level) 3-297 Defense (Based On Character Level) (2 Items)


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Leaving Home
Packing up and leaving home
Leaving everything I've ever known
New people, new faces
New creeds, new races
Will I stand out like a sore thumb?
Or blend into the background muted and dumb?
Will I miss my home? Will I run for the door?
Or will it eventually feel like it's not my home anymore?
I can bring trinkets and baubles and photos with frames
I can bring books and posters and my favourite games
But I can't bring the memories or the feelings I had
I can't see my best friend every time I feel sad
I hate the fact that I need help
I can't stand my incompetence, I can't stand myself
Is it so bad to want to stay at home?
Is it so bad to not want to be alone?
Is it so bad
Is it so awful
That I need to break free,
That I want to leave?


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DANCING On Ice star Jorgie Porter will perform the show's most dangerous ever
stunt in a bid to win tomorrow night's Dancing
On Ice final.
The Hollyoaks actress, 24, will be thrown up in the air by three male ice
skaters, who will then spin around before catching her.
It is so dangerous that they have been practising with a carpet — which
they keep dropping.
Until now Jorgie has wowed judges Robin Cousins, Katarina Witt and Louie
Spence with her fearless approach to lifts and stunts with partner Matt
But the last lady celebrity skating in the competition admits she is suffering
the first bout of fear about the daring trick for her final routine as she
goes up against Chico Slimani and Matthew Wolfenden.
Injured skater Sylvain Longchambon, boyfriend of Jorgie's co-star Jennifer
Metcalfe, is even making a comeback for the special stunt after recovering
from a severe arm injury picked up in training.
Professional Mark Hanretty will also skate with them.
Jorgie, who has chosen Fame for her final dance, said: "There is definitely
some scary stuff with my routine. We practised with a carpet and it
absolutely collapsed and fell on the floor.
"I looked at it and went — 'That's me!' I'm glad we practised with that first.
"There are three of them in a line, Sylvain, Matt and Mark, and I'm lying
across them then they throw me in the air and spin around and catch me."
Jorgie was so terrified after they dropped the carpet that she made Jayne
Torvill prove it was safe.
She said: "I was scared so I made Jayne do it first as well. She was really up
for it. And she wanted to do the other parts too but the physio wouldn't let
"I've never said no, I've always been quite fearless throughout the show.
"But I thought they were lying when they were saying what they wanted to do
with me. I thought, 'Is this a joke?'"
She added: "I still can't believe I'm the last girl standing.
"I think in days or weeks to come I'll be like, 'Oh my God, I did this'. At
the minute I am just taking it in.
"I can feel myself crying my eyes out no matter what happens."


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I've tried every acne wash out there and finally decided to just go for a simpler approach. Definitely worked in my favor. I use it as part of my morning and nightly routine in conjunction with the moisturizer, Thayers with hazel, and tea tree oil and my face is clearer than ever.
These reviews are the subjective opinions of ChickAdvisor members and not of ChickAdvisor Inc.


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Strategies to improve the connectivity of the street network, such as the tools outlined in Toolset T-1: Increasing Connectivity for Pedestrians, Bicycles, and Local Traffic, can have the unintended effect of encouraging vehicular traffic to cut through Marin's residential neighborhoods.
The first solution to discouraging cut-through traffic is to properly design the street network and the capacity of streets that are intended to carry through so that through traffic stays on the facilities that should carry the traffic. Auto-dominated major streets should be redesigned to provide better access for pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit without sacrificing the through traffic function of these streets. See Tool T-1.1: Multi-modal Network of Roads and Toolset T-3: Multi-Modal Arterial and Neighborhood Street Design.
When cut-through traffic either already exists or there is the potential that street redesign may lead to cut-through traffic, traffic calming strategies such as those outlined in the previous tool will help reduce cut-through traffic, but in certain cases, more significant steps must be taken to limit vehicular access. The following strategies are appropriate for all TOD/PeD contexts found in Marin and are arranged from least to greatest impact on limiting cut-through traffic. The proper solution for each individual location must be determined through a targeted design process. Care needs to be taken that the installation of these elements does not lead to unintended consequences, such as increased emergency response times, neighborhood traffic concentrations on other streets, increased use of regional streets for neighborhood trips, etc.


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Whitehall Jobs
Looking for jobs in Whitehall? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Whitehall jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
Whitehall, WI Job Openings
Spar Group IncWhitehall, WI
Whitehall, WI
SPARWHITEHALL and Surrounding Areas
Cities within 20 miles of Whitehall, WI
- ARCADIA, WI (10 jobs)
- Taylor, WI (8 jobs)
- BLAIR, WI (2 jobs)
- WHITEHALL, WI (2 jobs)


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Midland WR-120B Emergency Weather Alert Radio - Amber - $34.99
This emergency weather-alert radio stores up to 10 different weather- and all-hazards alerts and displays them in your language of choice - either Spanish, English or French. All-hazard alerts include: Amber alerts, local area emergency, fire alert messages and more. Unit receives seven National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) and Environment Canada Weather channels and emergency alerts with color-coded alert indicators. Features Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME) that can be programmed to receive only bad weather and emergency alerts that occur in up to 25 specific counties. Three selectable warning systems: siren alarm, flashing LED or voice alert. Features the time, date and an alarm clock with snooze. Public-alert certified. Operates on three AA batteries (not included) or 12-volt DC power source (included). Dimensions: 2H x 4.5W x 5D. Weight: 1 lb. Color: Amber. - $34.99


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Create a striking festive focal point in your home or garden with this LED Cherry Blossom Tree. With a contemporary design, this blossom tree features a sleek black trunk and flexible branches and comes pre-lit with 240 energy efficient white LEDs for total convenience. Standing an impressive 6 feet (1.8m) tall, this cherry blossom tree can be used either indoors or outside, with the 10m long cable offering extra versatility.
Click the 'More Information' tab for further details.
Important Features of Festive's LED Cherry Blossom Tree:
Height: 6ft/1.8m
Colour: Black with White LEDs
Illuminated by 240 LEDs
Sturdy Metal Base
Use Either Indoors or Outside
Ultra-Modern Design
More Info
|Lighting Colour
|Suitable for Use
|Indoors or Outdoors
|Power Source
|Lighting Type
|Branch Style
Write Your Own Review
We offer two different delivery options for all of our products (delivery rates and services offered by marketplace sellers may vary):
Receive free standard delivery* on orders of £40 or more.
Standard Delivery (2-6 Business Days) - £3.99
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Speedy Delivery (1-2 Business Days) - £8.99
Orders are dispatched Monday-Friday and you will receive an email notification as soon as your items have left us.
For further information on our available delivery options, click here to view our delivery section.


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Maaco1300 Division gresham, Oregon United States of America
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 10/22/2012 12:41 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/maaco/gresham-oregon-97030/maaco-went-in-for-paint-to-be-buffed-left-with-damage-to-door-gresham-oregon-958352. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Congregational Life
Life at UUCC is enormously rich and diverse, reflecting the vibrancy and multifacetedness of its community.
UUCC has a lifespan religious education program that builds compassion, tolerance, self-awareness, social consciousness, self-reliance and critical thinking.
Children's religious education is held at the same time as services, downstairs in the Religious Education classrooms. Ask the downstairs greeter to direct you. Teen religious education is generally held on Sunday evenings. Unitarian Universalism is renowned for its progressive and thorough lifespan sexuality education program, Our Whole Lives. Read more
UUCC's acclaimed music ministry offers inspiring, exciting and moving music in a wide array of genres.
Our adult and children's choirs, jazz instrumental ensemble, and talented soloists, perform in services and at concerts and special events. We have a great singing congregation that enjoys hymns every Sunday, led by songleaders from the adult choir. Our adult choir, the UUCC Chalice Choir, is open to anyone who loves to sing and can carry a tune - music-reading helpful, but not essential. Read more
UUCC acts to make the world better, working with other congregations in the community and in the larger society.
We work hard to promote social justice, and the congregation supports the Black Lives Matter movement for racial justice. We are also committed to the cause of fostering equality for LGBTQ persons. We work to protect and preserve the environment; and our animal ministry, Creature Connection, fosters the ethical treatment of animals. Whatever your cause, you can find partners in advocacy at UUCC. Read more
UUCC is an active, close-knit community, home to unique, special and interesting people
Many families build their social lives around what's happening at UUCC. From biking to yoga, from the annual Camping Trip to the annual Auction, from movies to educational forums, from picnics to potlucks, and from our monthly Black Lives Matter vigil to the annual Warm Welcome Shelter (in which we provide bed and board for homeless families), there are opportunities aplenty to get involved, help out, and meet soon-to-be lifelong friends. Many members say that people they met at UUCC have become their family of choice. New parents often find the village they need to raise their children, and people facing tough life challenges find a close-knit support group that can make it possible to weather any storm.


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Lewis Hamilton issued a chilling warning to his rivals yesterday after cruising to victory in formula one's opening grand prix of the season in Australia. The British driver labelled it one of the easiest wins of his career and said he could drive faster.
Hamilton won the Melbourne race in his McLaren by more than five seconds from Nick Heidfield's BMW Sauber and the Williams of Nico Rosberg. Only seven cars finished the accident-riddled race in 37C heat yet Hamilton emerged feeling fresh and already looking ahead to next weekend's Malaysian grand prix.
"I felt fantastic," he said. "I never thought it would have been as physically a breeze as it was. It is great preparation for Malaysia so bring it on. I am really looking forward to it."
Hamilton, on pole, led from the start. "I guess it was a bit like my first win in Montreal last year when we had four safety cars," he said. "It was pretty similar to that in that it was difficult to heat the tyres and the brakes up. It was a good challenge but we've all done a great job. It's probably the best race I've had so far - in terms of managing tyres, controlling my pace and confidence, and being comfortable in the car.
"Coming into your second season, this is a sort of target I set myself, and so I guess I've put more pressure on myself this year. This perhaps feels better than any, because I feel I've improved in so many areas. But I wouldn't say it's the perfect win. There are a lot of areas I can improve."
Last year, Hamilton's first in formula one, ended in heartbreak when he lost the championship in the final race of the season in Brazil.
He added: "It's an emotional feeling to win the first grand prix of the season, especially with all the winter testing, the whole build-up, not really knowing whether you had the pace of everyone else, whether you would be able to win, whether the cars could be reliable."
Ron Dennis, the McLaren chairman, added his praise for Hamilton's efforts. "It was an almost perfect race weekend for us," he said. "Lewis drove a faultless race with a strong strategy."


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Cartoon: Too Many Exams
A cartoon about the perception that statistics exams are difficult. Cartoon by John Landers (www.landers.co.uk) based on an idea from Dennis Pearl (The Ohio State University). Free to use in the classroom and on course web sites.
|Date Of Record Creation
|2007-12-21 17:00:00
|Date Last Modified
|2007-12-21 17:00:00
|Date Of Record Release
|2007-12-21 17:00:00
|Resource Type
|Author Name
|John Landers
|Material Type
|Statistical Topic
|Intended User Role
|Math Level
Resource Comments
(no comments available yet for this resource)


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Punjabi singer-actor Diljit Dosanjh has made a successful Bollywood debut with the just-released acclaimed movie 'Udta Punjab'. His performance in the drug drama is being widely appreciated. However, following the success of his debut, Diljit has reportedly hiked his fee so much that the makers o
Vidya Balan at Dirty Picture Promotion
Reliance Digital, the consumer electronics & durables arm of Reliance Retail played host to Vidya Balan at its recently launched store in Lokandwala, Andheri (W) Mumbai. 'The Dirty Picture' is an upcoming biopic on the life of Southern siren Silk Smitha, directed by Milan Luthria and produced by Shoba Kapoor and Ekta Kapoor
milan luthria
Filmmaker Milan Lutharia is keen to make the father-son duo of megastar Amitabh Bachchan and Abhishek Bachchan a part of his next film. The film is said to be a drama set in contemporary times. A source close to the project has said, "Milan is very keen on casting Amitabh Bachchan and Abhishek Ba
OUATIMD is a sequel of 2010 released movie 'Once Upon A Time In Mumbai'. The movie stars Akshay Kumar, Sonakshi Sinha and Imraan Khan in the lead roles. The movie was released on 15th August in limited screens. Since, the movie was released in limited screens, it bore the brunt. Also, the
Latest Bollywood News
- Sushant-Kriti's 'Raabta' in legal trouble over plagiarism issue
- Aishwarya celebrates mom Vrinda Rai's birthday with Aaradhya
- VJ Anusha Dandekar slut-shamed; beau Karan Kundra hits back
- Ranbir, Aishwarya, Katrina, Aamir, Twinkle at Karan Johar's birthday bash
- Salman's 'Tubelight' trailer nears 4 million views in mere 15 hrs


text: Beautifully renovated home on quiet street within desirable Ridley School District. This magnificent home offers NEW kitchen with white shaker cabinetry, granite counters, and stainless steel appliances; NEW tiled hall bathroom; NEW roof; NEW windows throughout; NEW HVAC; NEW hot water heater, plumbing, and plumbing fixtures throughout; NEW electric service, electric wiring and lighting fixtures throughout; NEW flooring and fresh paint throughout. All of this while being close to shopping, dining, and all major roadways for an easy commute to Philadelphia. Make your appointment today to see this wonderful property; it will not last long!


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I thought I'd link to John Howard's blog as he brought a good article to my attention. John is an IT Pro evangelist in the UK that has a focus on virtualisation.
Windows Server Virtualisation – Overview and Roadmap
I thought I'd mention this – some of you may have either personal or corporate subscriptions to Directions on Microsoft. There was a paper published earlier this month titled "Windows Server Virtualisation: Overview and Roadmap". Although there's nothing explicitly new in this paper, it probably has one of the best examples I've seen recently describing exactly what Virtualisation is and where it is heading. Unfortunately, a sample of the paper isn't available on their samples site, but if you have access to it through subscription, it's worth taking the time for a read.
John Howard, IT Pro Evangelist, Microsoft UK
Hope this was helpful!


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Couldn't make the Roadshow? Missed a webinar? We've got you covered.
Recordings of our Innovation Roadshow Webinars are now available. Log on, sit back and learn!
Innovation Roadshow webinars are also a great way to share the Roadshow experience with your co-workers. Gather your colleagues and follow up with a brainstorming session to figure out how these trends and technologies work with your own brands.
Click on the desired presentation link below to download the webinars:
Roadmap to the Roadshow
Presented by Erin O'Donnell, Marketing Manager
Impact of New EU Flavor Regulations
Presented by Tim Webster, Vice President - Global Business Development
Formulating with Alternative Natural Sweeteners
Presented by Laura Ennis, Senior Beverage Innovation Technologist
The eighth annual Innovation Roadshow® was not only a success, but also our largest to date!
With showcases demonstrating almost 100 new product concepts, flavors and technologies, attendees took a number of ideas for their own product lines - new flavor insights, unique product development applications, category transfer ideas, and most importantly, a renewed sense of creativity.
During the opening session, Roadmap to the Roadshow, David Michael's marketing manager and trendspotter Erin O'Donnell encouraged participants to "look beyond the table. Her presentation got the morning off to a dynamic start with a behind-the scenes look at the Innovation Showcase and the trends that influenced this year's product innovations.
Creativity is a way of life at David Michael, and with over 70 food scientists, flavor chemists, color engineers, chefs and technicians worldwide, we've got a lot of great ideas. The Roadshow's Innovation Showcase gives our talented staff the opportunity to explore new concepts, conduct research or work outside of their area of expertise – allowing them to truly focus on innovation and reveal what's on their own radars.
Just a few of this year's highlights include:
- Varietal Mint Ice Cream – Inspired by chewing gum, we explored the use of spearmint and wintergreen in ice cream, as well as a new texture. Utilizing David Michael's Michtex® technology, we were able to replicate the "stretchy texture of Turkish-style ice cream.
- Fortified Fruity Chicken Nuggets – For the picky eater in need of a nutritional boost, these nuggets boast vitamins and minerals, or deliver a serving of fruit. Choose from Cherry Lime or Apple Pie a la Mode (coated with real pie crust!).
- Kao Niow Dahm (Sticky Black Rice Dessert) – Once prized by Chinese royal, black rice is now the talk of health-conscious consumers. We made two variations of this popular Thai snack – Vanilla Raspberry and Rambutan Pandan.
During the Innovation Showcase, attendees enjoyed Technical Sessions focused on new European Union flavor regulations and working with alternative natural sweeteners.
The event ended with a keynote presentation by Mary Wagner, Ph.D., Senior Vice President, Global Research & Development/Quality for Starbucks Coffee Company. Her presentation educated our attendees on how to remain authentic to your brand, yet appeal to the local market to which you are selling.
If you are interested in learning more about the 2011 Innovation Roadshow® and the products that were shown, please contact your Account Manager. And, of course, it's never too early to start planning for next year. We'll see you next Spring in Philadelphia!


text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
MHC5901 Newbrook Dr Riverbank, California U.S.A.
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 04/26/2004 11:15 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/mhc/riverbank-california-95367/mhc-ripoff-crooked-company-14-raise-in-space-attempt-to-collect-back-rent-from-me-for-pre-88994. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
Thrifty and Tasty
Grilled Fish Collars
When you catch a big fish, don't forget the "collar," the meaty bit right behind the gills. Marinated and grilled, it is a spectacular part of the fish.Continue Reading
Finding the Forgotten Feast
When you catch a big fish, don't forget the "collar," the meaty bit right behind the gills. Marinated and grilled, it is a spectacular part of the fish.Continue Reading
Pesce alla puttanesca, fish with harlot's sauce. Delicious and easy to make – all the ingredients are pantry staples.
Today is Mother's Day, and for me that means mom's clam chowder. Not only is it a wonderful chowder, but it's also a bowl full of memories.
It's spring bear season in many parts of the world. I can think of no better recipe for bear than these pelmeni. No bear? Use any meat.
My name is Hank Shaw.
I write. I cook. I fish, dig earth, forage, ferment things, brew beer, raise plants, live for food and chase God's creatures. I drink Scotch or Bud, eat burgers or dine on caviar, depending on my mood or what day of the week it happens to be. I spend my days thinking about new ways to cook and eat anything that walks, flies, swims, crawls, skitters, jumps – or grows. This is my story.More about Hank...
Get your copies now at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Powell's or Indiebound.
Some New Ways to Cook Your Gobbler
Few places celebrate turkey like Mexico. It is where the turkey was domesticated, and there are scores of great recipes for these birds there. This is a traditional Yucatan turkey recipe, using legs, thighs and wings that are marinated, grilled, then braised.Read more …
Wild turkey meat can get dry if you don't do things just right. But a long brine and a cool smoke does wonders for the breast meat. Trussing improves things even more, and the result is a primo sandwich meat for your lunches!Read more …
Wild turkey parmesan? Oh hell, yeah! Not the fanciest dish I've ever made, but it sure is good. It's a great way to introduce someone to wild turkey.Read more …


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Speed up your debug routine!
Automated exception search integrated into your IDE
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Server has invalid Kerberos principal: firstname.lastname@example.com
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A vegetarian Indian side dish of potatoes with spinach, gently cooked with an array of aromatic spices.
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