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Emotional Development: 2 Year Olds
... Español Text Size Email Print Share Emotional Development: 2 Year Olds Page Content Article Body It's so ... to follow the ups and downs of a two-year-old. One moment he's beaming and friendly; ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
American Geological Institute; American Institute of Physics; American Associationthe Advancement of Science; Carlowicz, Michael
It is only August, but October 1 looms large on the calendar. That is the day when the 1997 fiscal year (FY ‧97) begins for the U.S. federal government, and like last year, that day might come without a budget.In a flurry of summer activity, the U.S. Congress has passed several landmark bills on welfare reform, expansion of health coverage for workers between jobs, a raise in the minimum wage, and a Safe Drinking Water Act. The House of Representatives even passed all 13 of its annual appropriations bills before Congress took its August recess.
Social Development:: 2 Year Olds
... Español Text Size Email Print Share Social Development: 2 Year Olds Page Content Article Body By nature, ... probably are acting the same way. At age two, children view the world almost exclusively through their ...
Emotional Development: 1 Year Olds
... Español Text Size Email Print Share Emotional Development: 1 Year Olds Page Content Article Body Throughout her ... for shelter. She may seem to change from one moment to the next, or she may seem ...
Social Development: 1 Year Olds
... Stages Prenatal Baby Toddler Fitness Nutrition Toilet Training Preschool Gradeschool Teen Young Adult Healthy Children > Ages & Stages > Toddler > Social Development: 1 Year Olds Ages & Stages Listen Español ...
Language Development: 2 Year Olds
... Stages Listen Español Text Size Email Print Share Language Development: 2 Year Olds Page Content Article Body ... Pay attention to how he also is using language to describe ideas and information and to express ...
Cognitive Development: Two-Year-Old
... Español Text Size Email Print Share Cognitive Development: Two-Year-Old Page Content Article Body Think back ... touching, looking, manipulating, and listening. Now, as a two-year-old, the learning process has become more ...
Two-Years-Old Social Competence.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Adcock, Don; Segal, Marilyn
This guide for parents discusses social competence in 2-year-old children, drawing upon anecdotal data to provide a sampling of 2-year-old children's social behavior and their parents' child rearing techniques. The data were collected from questionnaires, telephone interviews, and home visits in a 12-month study of the interactions of 86…
How Grammatical Are 3-Year-Olds?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Eisenberg, Sarita L.; Guo, Ling-Yu; Germezia, Mor
Purpose: This study investigated the level of grammatical accuracy in typically developing 3-year-olds and the types of errors they produce. Method: Twenty-two 3-year-olds participated in a picture description task. The percentage of grammatical utterances was computed and error types were analyzed. Results: The mean level of grammatical accuracy…
Language Development: 1 Year Olds
... you really mean "toes." By providing a good language model, you'll help him learn to talk with a minimum of confusion. Most toddlers master at least fifty spoken words by the end of the second year and can put two words together to ...
Cognitive Development: One-Year-Old
... Español Text Size Email Print Share Cognitive Development: One-Year-Old Page Content Article Body As you ... range of activities, and she'll select the ones that are challenging but not completely beyond her ...
Thirteen for Thirteen-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Instructor, 2011
What does it take to reach a middle school reader? Literacy expert Laura Robb recently shared her top strategies in a webcast for Scholastic fans. This article presents Robb's 13 strategies for thirteen-year-olds. These are: (1) Respect students' search for self; (2) Embrace blogging; (3) Send texts in class; (4) Take words apart; (5) Build…
[Necrophilia in a 17 year old girl].
Foerster, K; Foerster, G; Roth, E
Case report of true necrophilia in a seventeen-year-old girl, which is the first description of such a behaviour in a woman. The possible development of the abnormal behaviour is discussed. A complete theory of necrophilia semms to be not yet possible because of the few cases described.
Intonation Comprehension in Ten-Year-Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cruttenden, Alan
Investigates the comprehension of nine intonational contrasts in ten-year-olds and adults. Overall performance on the tasks was much lower among the children than among the adults. Results indicate that hypotheses concerning the chronological order of development of meanings dependent on groupings, nucleus placements, and tones are too simplistic.…
Growth and Your 13-to 18-Year-Old
... Years Understanding Puberty Your Child's Checkup: 17 Years Female Reproductive System Fitness and Your 13- to 18-Year-Old ... 18-Year-Old Your Daughter's First Gynecology Visit Female Reproductive System What's the Right Weight for My Height? When ...
Fasciolopsiasis in a five year old girl.
Naher, B S; Shahid, A T; Khan, K A; Nargis, S; Hoque, M M
A 5 year old girl hailing from Keraniganj, presented with the complaints of fever, periumbilical pain and vomiting. In vomitus, Fasciolopsis buski worm in adult form was identified by naked eye examination. In stool, ova of Fasciolopsis buski were also observed under microscope. Clinically she was pale and had hepatomegaly. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia with normal liver function test was found on lab investigation. She was diagnosed as a case of Fasciolopsiasis and treated with Praziquantel and on follow up visit she was found to be free of symptom.
[Incidentaloma in a 16 years old girl -- 2 year observation].
Basiak, Aleksander; Bolanowski, Marek; Wasikowa, Renata; Noczyńska, Anna; Bednorz, Włodzimierz
Adenomas of the hypophysis are tumors of the CNS which are on the third place in the frequency of appearance, which cause disturbances of hypophyseal function. In children incidentaloma is seldom observed. The authors present a 16-year-old girl who was admitted to the clinic because of amenorrhoea and an increased growth velocity during the last year. The MRI examination of the hypophysis proved a hypophyseal adenoma. Hormonal laboratory examinations do not show any hormonal activity of the observation. The girl's case is presented because the diagnosis of an incidentaloma is exceptionally rare in this age group.
Five-year-olds punish antisocial adults.
Kenward, Ben; Östh, Therese
The human tendency to impose costs on those who have behaved antisocially towards third parties (third-party punishment) has a formative influence on societies, yet very few studies of the development of this tendency exist. In most studies where young children have punished, participants have imposed costs on puppets, leaving open the question as to whether young children punish in real third-party situations. Here, five-year-olds were given the opportunity to allocate desirable or unpleasant items to antisocial and neutral adults, who were presented as real and shown on video. Neutral individuals were almost always allocated only desirable items. Antisocial individuals were instead usually allocated unpleasant items, as long as participants were told they would give anonymously. Most participants who were instead told they would give in person did not allocate unpleasant items, although a minority did so. This indicates that the children interpreted the situation as real, and that whereas they genuinely desired to punish antisocial adults, they did not usually dare do so in person. Boys punished more frequently than girls. The willingness of preschoolers to spontaneously engage in third-party punishment, occasionally even risking the social costs of antagonizing an anti-social adult, demonstrates a deep-seated early-developing punitive sentiment in humans. PMID:26918430
Mathematical Modelling with 9-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
English, Lyn D.; Watters, James J.
This paper reports on the mathematical modelling of four classes of 4th-grade children as they worked on a modelling problem involving the selection of an Australian swimming team for the 2004 Olympics. The problem was implemented during the second year of the children's participation in a 3-year longitudinal program of modelling experiences…
Growth and Your 2- to 3-Year-Old
... to Know About Zika & Pregnancy Growth and Your 2- to 3-Year-Old KidsHealth > For Parents > Growth and Your 2- to 3-Year-Old Print A A A ... 4 pounds (1.8 kilograms) and grow about 2 to 3 inches (5 to 8 centimeters). They' ...
Medical Care and Your 1- to 2-Year-Old
... Zika & Pregnancy Medical Care and Your 1- to 2-Year-Old KidsHealth > For Parents > Medical Care and Your 1- to 2-Year-Old Print A A A Text Size ... Following simple instructions? Saying a few words? Combining two words by age 2? The doctor may ask ...
Motor Proficiency Predicts Cognitive Ability in Four-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hernandez, Amanda Martinez; Caçola, Priscila
Research has shown links between motor proficiency and cognition in school-age children, however, few have explored earlier ages. We aimed to determine the association between motor proficiency and cognitive ability in four-year-olds. Motor and cognitive skills were examined in 32 (15 males, 17 females) four-year-olds (±5.59 months) using the…
Puzzlemaking and Part-Whole Perception of Two-Year-Old and Four-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Montford, Emily I. Purvis; Readdick, Christine A.
The relationship between preschoolers' puzzlemaking strategies and part-whole perception was investigated in the present study. Forty-eight two year olds and 48 four year olds were randomly selected from eight licensed childcare centers. Puzzlemaking strategies (image, form, color, and trial and error) were measured by performance in the…
Lindane toxicity to one year old calves
Venant, A.; Borrel, S.; Mallet, J. ); Sery, C. )
Lindane (the gamma isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexachlorocyclohexane) is still recommended and used as seed treatment and for control of pests especially against lice and ticks on sheep and cattle (but not on dairy cattle and laying hens). Unlike others organochlorine pesticides, lindane does not persist in the environment or in living animals. Multitest data have established that is not a highly toxic pesticide. About domestic animals toxicity, no exact data is available and LD50 is not exactly known. Values obtained after an accidental intoxication allow the authors to have some data on toxicity levels and on toxic origin symptoms. During the last year, one case of intoxication of calves was investigated on 30 calves (sprayed against ectoparasite with lindane) in which 5 died. Results are reported in the present work.
Drug Ingestions in Children 10-14 Years Old: An Old Problem Revisited
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pomerantz, Wendy; Gittelman, Michael; Farris, Sarah; Frey, Lauren
To determine changes in rates of drug ingestions in 10-14 year old children in our country, a retrospective chart review of 10-14 year olds hospitalized for drug ingestion between 1993-1995 and 2000-2004 was performed. Odds ratios and Chi-square were used for analyses. From 1993-1995 there were 92.8 ingestions/100,000 children/year; from 2000-2004…
CPR - child 1 to 8 years old - slideshow
A Gunpowder Tattoo in a 6-Year-Old Girl.
Bernstein, Seth; Barros, Brittany; Zaenglein, Andrea L
Gunpowder tattoos result from explosion and subsequent traumatic implantation of pigmented granules into varying layers of the skin. This report details the case of a 6-year-old with a gunpowder tattoo on the face.
A Gunpowder Tattoo in a 6-Year-Old Girl.
Bernstein, Seth; Barros, Brittany; Zaenglein, Andrea L
Gunpowder tattoos result from explosion and subsequent traumatic implantation of pigmented granules into varying layers of the skin. This report details the case of a 6-year-old with a gunpowder tattoo on the face. PMID:27040733
The First Year Inventory: A Longitudinal Follow-Up of 12-Month-Old to 3-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Turner-Brown, Lauren M.; Baranek, Grace T.; Reznick, J Steven; Watson, Linda R.; Crais, Elizabeth R.
The First Year Inventory is a parent-report measure designed to identify 12-month-old infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder. First Year Inventory taps behaviors that indicate risk in the developmental domains of sensory--regulatory and social--communication functioning. This longitudinal study is a follow-up of 699 children at 3 years of…
"Generalist Genes" and Mathematics in 7-Year-Old Twins
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kovas, Y.; Harlaar, N.; Petrill, S. A.; Plomin, R.
Mathematics performance at 7 years as assessed by teachers using UK national curriculum criteria has been found to be highly heritable. For almost 3000 pairs of 7-year-old same-sex twins, we used multivariate genetic analysis to investigate the extent to which these genetic effects on mathematics performance overlap with genetic effects on reading…
True or False: Do 5-Year-Olds Understand Belief?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fabricius, William V.; Boyer, Ty W.; Weimer, Amy A.; Carroll, Kathleen
In 3 studies (N = 188) we tested the hypothesis that children use a perceptual access approach to reason about mental states before they understand beliefs. The perceptual access hypothesis predicts a U-shaped developmental pattern of performance in true belief tasks, in which 3-year-olds who reason about reality should succeed, 4- to 5-year-olds…
Gender, Popularity and Notions of In/Authenticity amongst 12-Year-Old to 13-Year-Old School Girls
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Read, Barbara; Francis, Becky; Skelton, Christine
This paper draws on data from a research project investigating gendered identities and interactions of high-achieving students in Year Eight in England (12-13 years old), particularly in relation to students' "popularity" amongst their peers. As part of this study 71 students were interviewed from nine different schools in urban, rural and small…
[Giant intracranial aneurysm in three years old boy: case report].
de Tella, Osvaldo Inácio; Crosera, João Francisco; Herculano, Marco Antonio; de Paiva Neto, Manoel Antonio
Cerebral aneurysms are rare in the pediatric age group and differ from adults' aneurysms in size, localization and incidence. We report a 3-year-old boy with giant middle cerebral artery aneurysms who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient was submitted to surgical treatment and the postoperative period was uneventful.
Similarity Predicts Liking in 3-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fawcett, Christine A.; Markson, Lori
Two studies examined the influence of similarity on 3-year-old children's initial liking of their peers. Children were presented with pairs of childlike puppets who were either similar or dissimilar to them on a specified dimension and then were asked to choose one of the puppets to play with as a measure of liking. Children selected the puppet…
Anorexia nervosa in a 7-year-old girl.
Bostic, J Q; Muriel, A C; Hack, S; Weinstein, S; Herzog, D
We report on a 7-year-old girl with anorexia nervosa and consider factors contributing to this early emergency. Cognitive differences in younger children can alter their understanding of this illness, so we chronicled this girl's treatment because it diverged from practices used with older patients. Accordingly, effective interventions in very young anorexics might require modifications of treatments used in postpubertal populations.
Recurrent septic shock in a 34-year-old woman.
Shah, Shenil; Mertz, Thomas; Craig, Timothy
A 34-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Room (ER) with an acute presentation of septic shock that required fluid and pressor support in the Intensive Care Unit. History revealed this was her third episode of such a presentation with asymptomatic periods in between. She responded well to medical interventions but reported persistent joint pain. Immunologic workup revealed her diagnosis.
One-Year-Olds Think Creatively, Just Like Their Parents
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hoicka, Elena; Mowat, Rachael; Kirkwood, Joanne; Kerr, Tiffany; Carberry, Megan; Bijvoet-van den Berg, Simone
Creativity is an essential human ability, allowing adaptation and survival. Twenty-nine 1-year-olds and their parents were tested on divergent thinking (DT), a measure of creative potential counting how many ideas one can generate. Toddlers' and parents' DT was moderately to highly correlated. Toddlers showed a wide range of DT scores, which were…
Six-Year-Olds' Difficulties Handling Intensional Contexts.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hulme, Sarah; Mitchell, Peter; Wood, David
Four experiments examined 6-year-olds' performance on intentionality stories and one false belief story. Children answered according to their own knowledge in an intentional context, even though they responded by choosing a picture to insert into a protagonist's thought bubble rather than reporting the belief verbally. Children could correctly…
Balancing on a Slackline: 8-Year-Olds vs. Adults
Schärli, Andrea Melanie; Keller, Melanie; Lorenzetti, Silvio; Murer, Kurt; van de Langenberg, Rolf
Children are less stable than adults during static upright stance. We investigated whether the same holds true for a task that was novel for both children and adults and highly dynamic: single-legged stance on a slackline. We compared 8-year-olds with young adults and assessed the following outcome measures: time on the slackline, stability on the slackline (calculated from slackline reaction force), gaze movement, head-in-space rotation and translation, trunk-in-space rotation, and head-on-trunk rotation. Eight-year-olds fell off the slackline quicker and were generally less stable on the slackline than adults. Eight-year-olds also showed more head-in-space rotation and translation, and more gaze variability around a visual anchor point they were instructed to fixate. Trunk-in-space and head-on-trunk rotations did not differ between groups. The results imply that the lower postural stability of 8-year-olds compared to adults – as found in simple upright stance – holds true for dynamic, novel tasks in which adults lack the advantage of more practice. They also suggest that the lack of head and gaze stability constitutes an important limiting factor in children's ability to master such tasks. PMID:23626583
2-Year-Olds' Speech Understanding in Multitalker Environments
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Newman, Rochelle S.
Infants and toddlers are often spoken to in the presence of background sounds, including speech from other talkers. Prior work has suggested that infants 1 year of age and younger can only recognize speech when it is louder than any distracters in the environment. The present study tests 24-month-olds' ability to understand speech in a multitalker…
A 54-year-old man referred with nonresolving pneumonia.
Catteeuw, Julie; Koegelenberg, Coenraad F N; Bruwer, Johannes W; Sissolak, Gerhard; Schroeter, Leocardea; Mohamed, Nooroudien; Irusen, Elvis M
A 54-year-old man was referred with nonresolving pneumonia. He had been treated for community-acquired pneumonia 6 weeks earlier. He reported grade 2 dyspnea, malaise, and a nonproductive cough. He had also experienced three episodes of minimal hemoptysis but denied weight loss, fever, or any other constitutional symptoms. He was a nonsmoker and was being treated for dyslipidemia. PMID:25180750
Meaning from Syntax: Evidence from 2-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Arunachalam, Sudha; Waxman, Sandra R.
When toddlers view an event while hearing a novel verb, the verb's syntactic context has been shown to help them identify its meaning. The current work takes this finding one step further to reveal that even in the absence of an accompanying event, syntactic information supports toddlers' identification of verb meaning. Two-year-olds were first…
Assessing Two-Year-Olds' Knowledge of Number Agreement Morphology
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Blossom, Megan
Previous research in the area of children's knowledge of number agreement morphology has yielded mixed results. Some researchers have found evidence for sensitivity to agreement morphology at as early as 16 months, while others report that children do not comprehend number agreement morphology until as late as five or six years old. Studies of…
Headshaking in a 10-year-old Thoroughbred mare
Abstract A 10-year-old Thoroughbred mare was presented with a 2.5-week history of headshaking. Based on a thorough physical examination, blood analysis, and a fine needle aspirate of an enlarged thyroid gland, a tentative diagnosis of seasonal idiopathic headshaking was made. Treatment with cyproheptadine was attempted. PMID:15025153
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour in a 20-year-old woman
Virupakshappa, Deepti; Rajashekhara, Bhari Sharanesha; Manjunatha, Bhari Sharanesha; Das, Nagarajappa
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour is a relatively rare and distinct odontogenic tumour that is exclusively odontogenic epithelium in origin. It comprises 3% of all odontogenic tumours. This report describes the surgical therapy, clinical course and morphological characteristics of an adenomatoid odontogenic tumour that developed in the left maxilla of a 20-year-old patient. PMID:24810436
Minoxidil induced hypertrichosis in a 2 year-old child.
Herskovitz, Ingrid; Freedman, Joshua; Tosti, Antonella
We report a case of a 2 year-old male patient who developed generalized hypertrichosis after 2 months of treatment with 5% minoxidil foam for alopecia areata. This report highlights the danger of prescribing topical minoxidil to young children and the need to correctly instruct caretakers about its administration. PMID:24555107
Five-Year-Olds' Fascination for Television: A Comparative Study.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hake, Karin
Compared 5-year-olds' understanding of and fascination with a public service and a commercial television program; also compared parents' and children's perspectives. Found that children were particularly fascinated by sequences containing conflicts and aggression. Sixteen of 20 children chose the commercial channel program. Parents showed insight…
Two-Year-Old Children Interpret Abstract, Purely Geometric Maps
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Winkler-Rhoades, Nathan; Carey, Susan C.; Spelke, Elizabeth S.
In two experiments, 2.5-year-old children spontaneously used geometric information from 2D maps to locate objects in a 3D surface layout, without instruction or feedback. Children related maps to their corresponding layouts even though the maps differed from the layouts in size, mobility, orientation, dimensionality, and perspective, and even when…
Bilingualism in the Six-Year-Old Navajo Child.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Spolsky, Bernard; Holm, Wayne
The amount of English spoken by six-year-old Navaho children as they enter first grade is increasing and will probably continue to increase. Contacts outside the reservation contribute to this increase as do the almost completely monolingual (English) schools. Location of residence is also a factor. Linguistic borrowing of English words is another…
The Structure of Executive Function in 3-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wiebe, Sandra A.; Sheffield, Tiffany; Nelson, Jennifer Mize; Clark, Caron A. C.; Chevalier, Nicolas; Espy, Kimberly Andrews
Although the structure of executive function (EF) during adulthood is characterized by both unity and diversity, recent evidence suggests that preschool EF may be best described by a single factor. The latent structure of EF was examined in 228 3-year-olds using confirmatory factor analysis. Children completed a battery of executive tasks that…
Emerging Understanding of Patterning in 4-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rittle-Johnson, Bethany; Fyfe, Emily R.; McLean, Laura E.; McEldoon, Katherine L.
Young children have an impressive amount of mathematics knowledge, but past psychological research has focused primarily on their number knowledge. Preschoolers also spontaneously engage in a form of early algebraic thinking-patterning. In the current study, we assessed 4-year-old children's knowledge of repeating patterns on two occasions…
Two-Year-Olds Compute Syntactic Structure On-Line
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bernal, Savita; Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine; Millotte, Severine; Christophe, Anne
Syntax allows human beings to build an infinite number of new sentences from a finite stock of words. Because toddlers typically utter only one or two words at a time, they have been thought to have no syntax. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we demonstrated that 2-year-olds do compute syntactic structure when listening to spoken sentences.…
Repetitive Behaviours in Typically Developing 2-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Leekam, Susan; Tandos, Jonathan; McConachie, Helen; Meins, Elizabeth; Parkinson, Kathryn; Wright, Charlotte; Turner, Michelle; Arnott, Bronia; Vittorini, Lucia; Le Couteur, Ann
Background: Repetitive behaviours are an essential part of the diagnosis of autism but are also commonly seen in typically developing children. The current study investigated the frequency and factor structure of repetitive behaviours in a large community sample of 2-year-olds. Methods: A new measure, the Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire (RBQ-2)…
Attachment and Reciprocity in the Two-Year-Old Child.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Marvin, Robert S., II
This paper reported a pilot study on issues relevant to the social development of the 2-year-old child and discussed the results within the framework of the evolutionary-control-systems theory proposed by Bowlby (1958, 1969) and Ainsworth (1967, 1969). The issues examined were (1) attachment and (2) reciprocity, or the ability of the child-mother…
Duodenal adenocarcinoma in a 10-year-old boy.
Mohamed, Zouari; Habib, Bouthour; Rabia, Ben Abdallah; Youssef, Hlel; Riath, Ben Malek; Youssef, Gharbi; Nejib, Kaabar
Gastrointestinal malignancies are extremely rare in the paediatric population and duodenal cancers represent an even more unusual entity. It represents 0.3-1% of all gastrointestinal tumours. A case report of a 10-year-old boy with duodenal adenocarcinoma is reported and the difficulties of diagnosing and treating this rare tumour are discussed. PMID:24647303
Laterality and Motor Skills in Four-Year-Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tan, Lesley E.
Compared four-year-old left-handed children and children lacking definite hand preference with right-handers on motor skills. Found no differences between left-handers and right-handers of either sex, but the children lacking hand preference had lower scores. Possible sex differences and implications for the education of children lacking…
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica in a 5 year-old girl.
Sant'Anna, Clemax Couto; Pires-de-Mello, Paulo; Morgado, Maria de Fátima; March, Maria de Fátima Pombo
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is considered an orphan disease with exceptional occurrence in children. We report a 5 year old female child who was referred to us with chronic cough and recurrent pneumonia. After several investigations, bronchoscopy showed multiple nodules in the tracheobronchial lumen, whose distribution was consistent with TO. The patient was followed for four years, with no change in the pattern of the disease.
Heart Health...Your Choice. 11-14 Year Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst. (DHHS/NIH), Bethesda, MD.
The purpose of this illustrated booklet is to teach 11-14 year old students that all healthy Americans, 2 years of age or older, should eat in a way that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol to help reduce the risk of heart disease. The guide is designed to promote changes in eating patterns, to show children how to switch to good eating…
Dietary Habits of Welsh 12-13 Year Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Thomas, Non-Eleri; Cooper, Stephen-Mark; Graham, Mike; Boobier, Wyndham; Baker, Julien; Davies, Bruce
This study examined the dietary habits of Welsh 12-13 year olds. A cohort of 84 boys and 81 girls, age 12.9 SD 0.3 years; body mass 51.3 SD 12.6kg; and stature 1.54 SD 0.08m, completed a food frequency questionnaire and seven-day food diary. Mean daily kilocalories (kcal/d), and percentages of total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, and protein,…
Magnesium metabolism in 4-year-old to 8-year-old children
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Magnesium (Mg) is a key factor in bone health, but few studies have evaluated Mg intake or absorption and their relationship with bone mineral content (BMC) or bone mineral density (BMD) in children. We measured Mg intake, absorption, and urinary excretion in a group of children 4 to 8 years of age....
Aging in Place in a Retirement Community: 90+ Year Olds.
Paganini-Hill, Annlia
Aging in place, an image of growing old in one's home and maintaining one's daily routine, is desired by most older adults. To identify variables promoting such independent living in the oldest-old, we examined the association between living situation of a population-based cohort of 90+ year olds with health and lifestyle variables. Of 1485 participants, 53% still lived in their home at a retirement community designed to foster wellness. Those living at home tended to be healthier, with smaller proportions having chronic diseases or hospitalizations in the preceding year and a greater proportion having normal functional ability. Dementia was the chronic disease most significantly related to living situation. In addition to not having dementia, not using a wheelchair or bath aid, receiving meals on wheels, and being married were jointly related to living at home. With the help of family and friends and with a medical and social support system, many 90+ year olds can age in place. This is often because they have a caregiving spouse or paid caregiver.
One-Year-Olds Think Creatively, Just Like Their Parents.
Hoicka, Elena; Mowat, Rachael; Kirkwood, Joanne; Kerr, Tiffany; Carberry, Megan; Bijvoet-van den Berg, Simone
Creativity is an essential human ability, allowing adaptation and survival. Twenty-nine 1-year-olds and their parents were tested on divergent thinking (DT), a measure of creative potential counting how many ideas one can generate. Toddlers' and parents' DT was moderately to highly correlated. Toddlers showed a wide range of DT scores, which were reliable on retesting. This is the first study to show children think divergently as early as 1 year. This research also suggests 1-year-olds' DT is related to parents', opening up future research into whether this relationship is due to genetics and/or social learning at its emergence. Understanding DT at its emergence could allow for interventions while neurological development is most plastic, which could improve DT across the life span. PMID:27154630
Internet Use and Psychological Well-Being among 10-Year-Old and 11-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Devine, Paula; Lloyd, Katrina
This paper uses data from the 2009 Kids' Life and Times Survey, involving 3657 children aged 10 or 11 years old in Northern Ireland. The survey indicated high levels of use of Internet applications, including social-networking sites and online games. Using the KIDSCREEN-27 instrument, the data indicate that the use of social-networking sites and…
Resiliency: A Comparison of Construct Definitions Arising from Conversations with 9 Year Old - 12 Year Old Children and Their Teachers.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dryden, John; Johnson, Bruce; Howard, Sue; McGuire, Alex
Much research has focused on the concept of resilience, which is defined as the process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation despite challenging circumstances. To examine resilience in school children, small group interviews were conducted with 9-12 year-old children (N=125) drawn from five primary schools in South Australia. The…
Magnesium metabolism in 4-year-old to 8-year-old children.
Abrams, Steven A; Chen, Zhensheng; Hawthorne, Keli M
Magnesium (Mg) is a key factor in bone health, but few studies have evaluated Mg intake or absorption and their relationship with bone mineral content (BMC) or bone mineral density (BMD) in children. We measured Mg intake, absorption, and urinary excretion in a group of children 4 to 8 years of age. Mg absorption was determined using a dual-tracer stable isotope technique, with (25) Mg given intravenously and (26) Mg given orally. We found a small, but significantly greater Mg absorption efficiency (percentage absorption) in males than females (67% ± 12% versus 60% ± 8%, p = 0.02) but no difference in estimated net Mg retention (average of 37 mg/d in both males and females). Relating dietary Mg intake to estimated Mg retention showed that an intake of 133 mg/d, slightly above the current estimated average requirement (EAR) of 110 mg/d, led to a net average retention of 10 mg/d, the likely minimum growth-related need for this age group. Covariate analysis showed that Mg intake and total Mg absorption, but not calcium intake or total absorption were significantly associated with both total body BMC and BMD. These results suggest that usual Mg intakes in small children in the United States meet dietary requirements in most but not all children. Within the usual range of children's diets in the United States, dietary Mg intake and absorption may be important, relatively unrecognized factors in bone health.
Endometrial adenocarcinoma in a 13-year-old girl.
Kim, Sung Mee; Shin, So Jin; Bae, Jin Gon; Kwon, Kun Young; Rhee, Jeong Ho
Endometrial cancer is the third most common gynecologic cancer in the Korea and occurs mainly in menopausal women. Although it can develop in young premenopausal women cancer as well, an attack in the adolescent girl is very rare. A 13-year-old girl visited gynecology department with the complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding. An endometrial biopsy revealed FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) grade II endometrial adenocarcinoma. In the treatment of endometrial cancer, conservative management should be considered if the patient is nulliparous or wants the fertility preservation. Therefore, we decided to perform a hormonal therapy and a follow-up endometrial biopsy after progestin administration for eight months revealed no residual tumor. We report a case of endometrial cancer occurred in a 13-year-old girl with a brief review of the literature.
Endometrial adenocarcinoma in a 13-year-old girl
Kim, Sung Mee; Shin, So Jin; Bae, Jin Gon; Kwon, Kun Young
Endometrial cancer is the third most common gynecologic cancer in the Korea and occurs mainly in menopausal women. Although it can develop in young premenopausal women cancer as well, an attack in the adolescent girl is very rare. A 13-year-old girl visited gynecology department with the complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding. An endometrial biopsy revealed FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) grade II endometrial adenocarcinoma. In the treatment of endometrial cancer, conservative management should be considered if the patient is nulliparous or wants the fertility preservation. Therefore, we decided to perform a hormonal therapy and a follow-up endometrial biopsy after progestin administration for eight months revealed no residual tumor. We report a case of endometrial cancer occurred in a 13-year-old girl with a brief review of the literature. PMID:27004208
Determinants of loneliness in Jerusalem's 70-year-old population.
Stessman, J; Ginsberg, G; Klein, M; Hammerman-Rozenberg, R; Friedman, R; Cohen, A
This study aims to find the determinants of feelings of loneliness in 70 year olds living in Jerusalem. Results based on home interviews (n = 605) of a 40% systematic sample of 70 year olds in the electoral register showed that around 46.3% of females and 21.3% of males reported being lonely. Persons of European/North American origin felt less lonely than those of Asian or African origin, probably due to the former's wider social support network, perceiving friends, neighbors or other relatives as being available to back up children in an emergency. The major factors associated with loneliness were: being depressed, having a poor self-assessed health status, not attending synagogue, and being widowed but not remarried. Factors that did not reduce loneliness included having paid employment, watching TV or listening to the radio. No association was found between cognitive status and loneliness. Our systems model suggests a strong reciprocal relationship between loneliness and depression.
Endometrial adenocarcinoma in a 13-year-old girl.
Kim, Sung Mee; Shin, So Jin; Bae, Jin Gon; Kwon, Kun Young; Rhee, Jeong Ho
Endometrial cancer is the third most common gynecologic cancer in the Korea and occurs mainly in menopausal women. Although it can develop in young premenopausal women cancer as well, an attack in the adolescent girl is very rare. A 13-year-old girl visited gynecology department with the complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding. An endometrial biopsy revealed FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) grade II endometrial adenocarcinoma. In the treatment of endometrial cancer, conservative management should be considered if the patient is nulliparous or wants the fertility preservation. Therefore, we decided to perform a hormonal therapy and a follow-up endometrial biopsy after progestin administration for eight months revealed no residual tumor. We report a case of endometrial cancer occurred in a 13-year-old girl with a brief review of the literature. PMID:27004208
Gender identity disorder in a five-year-old boy.
Herman, S. P.
Markedly effeminate behavior in a young boy is a source of concern and confusion for parents, teachers, and the child. It also represents a therapeutic dilemma for the child psychiatrist. The case of a five-year-old boy with gender identity disorder of childhood is presented and the literature on hypotheses of etiology, treatment, and long-term follow-up is reviewed. The ethical and philosophical questions posed by such a case are discussed. PMID:6880245
Primary Nasal Tuberculosis in a 10-Year-Old Girl
Özer, Murat; Özsurekçi, Yasemin; Cengiz, Ali Bülent; Özçelik, Uğur; Yalçın, Ebru; Gököz, Özay
Nasal tuberculosis is a rare clinical entity which mainly presents in elderly people. Nasal tuberculosis has always been considered to be secondary to tuberculosis of the lungs, and in rare instances it is a primary infection, usually when mycobacteria are inhaled. We describe the case of a 10-year-old girl who was successfully treated for primary nasal tuberculosis. This patient is one of the very few children who have been reported to have primary nasal tuberculosis. PMID:27366187
Acute opercular syndrome in 4-year-old boy.
Pniewska, Anna; Pawłowska, Małgorzata
Acute opercular syndrome is a rare described syndrome caused by a sudden damage of the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter, located around the insula. A rare cause of this syndrome can be an infectious agent, particularly herpes simplex virus. Quick diagnosis and immediate initiation of treatment significantly reduce the risk of neurological consequences and mortality. We present a case of encephalitis of unknown etiology and severe course, with the symptoms of acute opercular syndrome in 4-year-old boy. PMID:27154445
Conjunctival fibrous histiocytoma in an 8-year-old boy.
Knapp, Austen N; Samara, Wasim A; Shields, Carol L; Shields, Jerry A; Eagle, Ralph C
An 8-year-old healthy boy underwent surgery for excision of a painless, enlarging vascularized conjunctival tumor. Histopathology disclosed a mass comprised of interweaving spindle cells and scattered histiocytes in a fibrous matrix, consistent with benign fibrous histiocytoma. This rare tumor can resemble several conditions, including scleritis/episcleritis, inflamed pterygium, juvenile xanthogranuloma, foreign body granuloma, solitary fibrous tumor, amelanotic melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.
Primary Nasal Tuberculosis in a 10-Year-Old Girl.
Özer, Murat; Özsurekçi, Yasemin; Cengiz, Ali Bülent; Özçelik, Uğur; Yalçın, Ebru; Gököz, Özay
Nasal tuberculosis is a rare clinical entity which mainly presents in elderly people. Nasal tuberculosis has always been considered to be secondary to tuberculosis of the lungs, and in rare instances it is a primary infection, usually when mycobacteria are inhaled. We describe the case of a 10-year-old girl who was successfully treated for primary nasal tuberculosis. This patient is one of the very few children who have been reported to have primary nasal tuberculosis.
A 65-year-old woman diagnosed with PHACE syndrome.
Burch, Ezra A; Garzon, Maria C; Parikh, Anuraag; Meyers, Philip M
PHACE syndrome is characterized by the association between infantile hemangioma and varied but characteristic systemic manifestations, including cerebrovascular and cardiac abnormalities. The disorder has primarily been diagnosed in children, with little information available regarding long-term outcomes in affected individuals. We report the oldest known individual with PHACE syndrome in the medical literature, a 65-year-old woman who was diagnosed after a transient ischemic attack.
[Dermatobia hominis infection in a 3-year-old child].
Meissner, M; Kippenberger, S; Valesky, E M; Kaufmann, R
In the context of increasing travel to the tropics, outpatient services are more frequently confronted with non-domestic diseases in Europe. A 3-year old child presented with a painful tumor of the scalp. After incision of the furuncle-like lesion, we extracted a larva of the botfly Dermatobia hominis. Botflies are mainly encountered in Central and South America; they should be considered if patients demonstrate a furuncle-like lesion and have returned from a holiday in these endemic regions.
Splenic Epidermoid Cyst in a Five-Year-Old Child
Garg, Bhavna; Sood, Neena; Singh, Satpal
Splenic epidermoid cysts are rare non-parasitic true cysts affecting the spleen. We report a five-year-old child who presented with an abdominal lump associated with pain of 15 days. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a huge cystic lesion of obscure origin. At laprotomy a huge unilocular cyst involving upper part of spleen containing pultaceous fluid was seen and its removal necessitated splenectomy. Histopathological findings were consistent with splenic epidermoid cyst. Thus histopathology helped in elucidating the aetiology and diagnosis.
[A 24-year-old patient with recurrent otolaryngologic infections].
Hochholzer, W; Koch, G
An IgA deficiency is diagnosed in a 24-year-old patient with a long lasting history of otolaryngologic infections despite the fact that this history is more indicative for a common immunodeficieny. Even if the diagnosis of an IgA deficiency has normally no specific therapeutic consequences, it is important to identify this disorder because it is associated with a higher incidence of allergic reaction during treatment with blood products and can also evolve into a common variable immunodeficiency.
A five years old girl child with Takayasu arteritis.
Mahmud, Shahid; Ul Hassan Shah, Syed Awais; Zaman, Syed Qamar; Ali, Salman
Takayasu arteritis is a systemic vasulitis of large vessels that mainly involves the aorta and its branches. It normally presents in third decade of life and has rarely been reported in children under 10 years of age. We report here a case of Takayasu arteritis in a 5 years old girl who presented with headache, generalized body swelling, severe hypertension, proteinuria and minimal functioning kidneys. Conventional angiography demonstrated narrowing of descending aorta, right subclavian artery and right common iliac artery. She responded steroids, diuretics, antiplatelets and digoxin and discharged home on maintenance therapy.
How to Be 80 Year Old and Have a VO2max of a 35 Year Old
Karlsen, Trine; Leinan, Ingeborg Megård; Bækkerud, Fredrik Hjulstad; Lundgren, Kari Margrethe; Tari, Atefe; Steinshamn, Sigurd Loe; Støylen, Asbjørn; Rognmo, Øivind
Background. To discuss the cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology and common risk factors of an 80-year-old man with a world record maximal oxygen uptake of 50 mL·kg−1·min−1. Methods. Case report. Results. His maximal oxygen uptake of 3.31 L·min−1, maximal heart rate of 175 beats·min−1, and maximal oxygen pulse of 19 mL·beats−1 are high. He is lean (66.6 kg) and muscular (49% skeletal muscle mass). His echo parameters of mitral flow (left ventricular filling, E = 82 cm·s−1 and E/A = 1.2) were normal for 40- to 60-year-old men. Systolic and diastolic function increased adequately during exercise, with no increase in left ventricular filling pressure. He has excellent pulmonary function (FVC = 4.31 L, FEV1 = 3.41, FEV1/FVC = 0.79, and DLCO = 12.0 Si1) and normal FMD and blood volumes (5.8 L). He has a high level of daily activity (10,900 steps·day−1 and 2:51 hours·day−1 of physical activity) and a lifelong history of physical activity. Conclusion. The man is in excellent cardiopulmonary fitness and is highly physically active. His cardiac and pulmonary functions are above expectations for his age, and his VO2max is comparable to that of an inactive 25-year-old and of a normal, active 35-year-old Norwegian man. PMID:25788946
Antiretroviral treatment induced catatonia in 16-year-old boy.
Lingeswaran, Anand
We present a 16-year-old boy, who had presented to us with catatonic features of mutism, withdrawal, passive negativism, grimacing, gesturing, echopraxia, and excitement of 5 days duration while taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) for a period of 2 years. He had history of birth asphyxia and acquired HIV infection from his father when the same syringe and needle was used on both of them in a medical setting where the father and son had consulted for treatment of pyrexia of unknown origin. He was the eldest of a three children family in which the biologic father had acquired HIV through extramarital sexual contact with HIV-infected sex workers but was unaware of his HIV positive status till our patient, the 16-year-old was admitted and treated for pulmonary tuberculosis at 14 years of age. The boy's mother had only acquired HIV after having three children with the HIV-positive husband, thus leaving the other two children HIV negative. The catatonia completely resolved within 2 days after the ART was withheld, and risperidone 1 mg twice a day was prescribed. This case highlights the risks of ART and breach of universal precautions.
[A 79-year-old man with rapidly progressive tetraparesis].
Ishigaki, Y; Hironishi, M; Toganou, T; Matsumoto, T; Ohta, S; Suda, K; Nishi, K; Yamaguchi, H; Mizuno, Y
We report a 79-year-old man who developed progressive gait disturbance and sensory loss. He had been doing well except for hepatitis B virus hepatitis until 72 years of age when he developed angina pectoris for which aorto-coronary bypass operation was performed when he was 73-year-old (1986). In 1990, he developed pulmonary fibrosis for which prednisolone was prescribed. His liver function deteriorated, and the liver function tests suggested liver cirrhosis. He noted an onset of gait disturbance in the middle of June in 1992 when he was 79-year-old. His gait disturbance deteriorated progressively, and he developed edema and loss of sensation in his both legs. He became unable to walk unassisted in the beginning of July. He fractured his right external malleolus after falling down from a chair. He became unable to stand by himself, and he was admitted to the cardiology service of our hospital on July 18, 1992, and the neurology service was asked to see the patient on July 30 of the same month. The patient was well developed and well nourished man in no acute distress. General physical examination revealed slight jaundice, left carotid bruit, and slight pitting pretibial edema. His temperature was 37.3 degrees C. On neurologic examination, he was alert and mentally sound without dementia. He showed a slight weakness in the facial muscles bilaterally and mild dysarthria and dysphagia, however, the other cranial nerves appeared intact. He was unable to stand unassisted. The muscle tone was hypotonic, however, no focal muscle atrophy was noted, nor was observed fasciculatory twitches.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[A 77-year-old woman with myoclonus and epilepsy].
Yokochi, M; Takaoka, S; Kawano, H; Mori, H; Shirai, T; Imai, H; Mizuno, Y
We present a 77-year-old woman with myoclonus and epilepsy. She was well until 35 years of age, when she noted an onset of trembling of the legs upon standing. Her symptom slowly progressed, and she felt a difficulty in standing when she was 39-year-old. She had a major motor seizure without an apparent focal onset when she was 46-year-old. She also developed tremor in her hands, and she felt difficulty in holding a glass filled with water. She was admitted to our service for the first time in 1965 when she was 51-year-old. She showed wide-based ataxic gait with truncal titubation. In finger to nose test, myoclonic jerks were induced in the upper extremities. Otherwise neurological examination was unremarkable. She was treated with primidone and phenobarbital, and was discharged for out patient follow up. Her symptoms slowly progressed, and gait and station became more difficult. Mentally she was sound. Three months prior to the present admission, she developed more difficulty in gait, and decrease in food intake. On the 14th of September in 1991, she was seen by a local physician who found an abnormal shadow in her chest X-ray, and she was admitted to our service for further work-up on September 18, 1991. On admission, the patient was a chronically ill and emaciated woman. Her blood pressure was 140/84 mmHg, heart rate 115/minutes and regular, and the body temperature 36.9 degrees C. The palpebral conjunctivae were anemic. No cervical adenopathy was noted. The lung fields were clear, and no heart murmur was audible. The abdomen was soft, and no organomegaly was present. On neurologic examination, she looked somnolent with disorientation to time and place. Her memory was poor, and she could not do well serial 7s. The disc was flat and the ocular movements appeared intact. Other cranial nerves were also unremarkable. She showed diffuse muscle wasting. She was unable to stand or walk. Maintaining the sitting position was also difficult. She was able to raise her arms
Parathyroid Carcinoma in a 10 Years Old Female Child.
Rahman, M M; Karim, S S; Joarder, A I; Mubin, S; Abir, M M; Morshed, M S
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare cause of hypercalcaemia in children. Only 7 cases of PC have been reported so far in the world journal. The authors report the 8th case of parathyroid carcinoma in children less than 16 years of age. A 10 year old girl presented with difficulty in walking, dorsiflexion and ulnar deviation of both wrist joints and occasional pain in the central abdomen of about two years duration. Biochemical investigations revealed serum calcium 12.2 mg/dL (normal 9-11 mg/dL), serum alkaline phosphate 4992 U/L (normal 50-136 U/L), PTH (parathyroid hormone) 2217 pg/ml (normal 9-80 pg/ml). Parathyroid scintigraphy localized the lesion in the left parathyroid gland. X-ray showed bilateral coxa vera, genu valgus deformity and multiple stress fractures in both wrist joints. Histopathology confirmed PC with capsular and vascular invasion.
A 62-year-old man with dyspnea
Baqir, Misbah; Ryu, Jay H.; Sorenson, Eric J.; Olson, Eric J.
We describe the case of a 62-year-old man who presented with shortness of breath that had progressed over several years. He had a history of a paralyzed right hemidiaphragm for at least the previous 10 years. He also reported weakness in his proximal legs and daytime sleepiness. On examination, he was found to have thoracoabdominal paradox when in supine position. Pulmonary function testing revealed severe restriction; arterial blood gas showed chronic respiratory acidosis. Electromyography showed chronic phrenic neuropathy bilaterally, with mild proximal myopathy. Serum aldolase level was mildly elevated, but serologic tests for connective tissue disorders were within reference range. After extensive clinical investigations, the patient was found to have severely reduced acid α-glucosidase. Genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of adult-onset Pompe disease. The patient started treatment with bilevel positive airway pressure titrated during polysomnography, and acid α-glucosidase enzyme replacement was recommended. PMID:27141434
Khattak, Abdul Latif; Khatak, Abdul Latif; Ali, Waqar; Saleem, Salman; Nayyer, Zameer Ahmad; Idris, Muhammad; Idrees, Mohammad; Khan, Naseer Ahmad; Ahmad, Nayyer; Pasha, Waseem
In polyglandular autoimmune (PGA) syndromes, there is immune dysfunction of two or more endocrine glands. Immunity mediated disorders of non-endocrine organs may also be seen. These syndromes are of two main types: type I and type II. We are reporting this case of a 32 years old lady who presented initially with hypothyroidism for many years and received thyroid replacement therapy. After that she was married and had children. After an interval of about seven years of the initial diagnosis of hypothyroidism, she was hospitalized in first trimester of pregnancy for severe vertigo, syncopal episodes and hypotension. She responded well to intravenous fluids and steroids. Further endocrine related, investigations revealed Addison's disease and the above episode were retrospectively diagnosed as Addisonian crisis. Thus the patient was diagnosed as Schmidt's Syndrome (Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2) since 2009. PMID:26411141
A 62-year-old man with dyspnea.
Baqir, Misbah; Ryu, Jay H; Sorenson, Eric J; Olson, Eric J
We describe the case of a 62-year-old man who presented with shortness of breath that had progressed over several years. He had a history of a paralyzed right hemidiaphragm for at least the previous 10 years. He also reported weakness in his proximal legs and daytime sleepiness. On examination, he was found to have thoracoabdominal paradox when in supine position. Pulmonary function testing revealed severe restriction; arterial blood gas showed chronic respiratory acidosis. Electromyography showed chronic phrenic neuropathy bilaterally, with mild proximal myopathy. Serum aldolase level was mildly elevated, but serologic tests for connective tissue disorders were within reference range. After extensive clinical investigations, the patient was found to have severely reduced acid α-glucosidase. Genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of adult-onset Pompe disease. The patient started treatment with bilevel positive airway pressure titrated during polysomnography, and acid α-glucosidase enzyme replacement was recommended. PMID:27141434
Summary of aging effects on 25-year old nylon parachutes
Tadios, E.L.
The results of structural evaluations on several parachute systems were examined to determine if any trends could be found that would indicate significant aging in the materials. All of the parachutes were more than 20 years old. Five 64 ft diameter parachutes were evaluated along with three 16.5 ft diameter ribbon parachutes and one 4 ft diameter guide surface parachute. Another group included six 48 ft diameter ribbon parachutes, two 4 ft diameter guide surface parachutes, and two 16.5 ft diameter extraction ribbon parachutes. The parachute systems used in the study were all fabricated from nylon materials. Data were obtained for several material properties such as tensile strength, air permeability and melting point. Military specifications were used as zero-time data base due to lack of raw material data. Generally speaking, after 25 years the material properties of the 64 ft parachutes were within specifications. The same generalization cannot be made for the 48 ft parachutes which were about 23 years old. The explanation for their differences may lie in their respective histories. 10 refs., 2 figs., 5 tabs.
Transplantation of a 2-year-old deceased-donor liver to a 61-year-old male recipient.
Dai, Wing Chiu; Sharr, William W; Chok, Kenneth S H; Cheung, Tan To; Fung, James Y Y; Chan, Albert C Y; Chan, See Ching; Lo, Chung Mau
The suitable size of a graft is a key element in the success of liver transplantation. A small-for-size liver graft is very likely to sustain a significant degree of injury as a result of ischemia, preservation, reperfusion, and rejection. Usually, small-for-size grafts are a concern in living-donor liver transplantation rather than in deceased-donor liver transplantation. Here, we describe the successful transplantation of a liver from a 2-year-old deceased donor to a 61-year-old male recipient who suffered from liver failure related to hepatitis B. No report of successful deceased-donor liver transplantation with discrepancies between donor and recipient age and size to such an extent has been found in the literature. Despite unusually large discrepancies, with effort in minimizing the ischemic time, revised surgical techniques, and strong regenerative power of the "young" graft, the old patient's liver function gradually returned to normal. This again proves that the definition of a "suitable graft" evolves with time and experience.
[Fibrous dysplasia of bone in a 12-year old girl].
Bieniasz, Jolanta; Maj, Anna; Noczyńska, Anna
Fibrous dysplasia of bone is a rare congenital bone disease, usually coming out before the age of 30. It is 2.5% of all bone tumours and 7.5 % of benign tumours of bones. The authors present a case of a 12-years old girl with fibrous dysplasia of bone admitted to the Department with hyperparathyroidism suspicion. Pathological changes were localized in the orbital cavity and sinuses. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the clinical course, imaging and histopathological examinations. The therapy with pamidronian acid was applied.
[Trigeminalgia caused by neurovascular compression in 12 years old girl].
Steczkowska, Małgorzata; Herman-Sucharska, Izabela; Gleń, Agnieszka; Gergont, Aleksandra; Skowronek-Bała, Barbara
Trigeminalgia is one of the most frequent clinical problems, common in adults but also found in children. In this paper we described a case of 12 years old girl with symptomatic trigeminalgia caused by neurovascular compression, hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Neurology Jagiellonian University in Kraków. It creates a very difficult diagnostic problem. The girl was first unsuccessfully treated with carbamazepine and afterwards the surgery of neurovascular decompression was performed. We emphasis the crucial role of MR and MRA in cases refractory to classic pharmacotherapy.
Bronchial Leech Infestation in a 15-Year-Old Female
Moslehi, Mohammad Ashkan; Imanieh, Mohammad Hadi
Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common incidence in young children. Leeches are rarely reported as FBA at any age. This study describes a 15-year-old female who presented with hemoptysis, hematemesis, coughs, melena, and anemia seven months prior to admission. Chest X-ray showed a round hyperdensity in the right lower lobe. A chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated an area of consolidation and surrounding ground glass opacities in the right lower lobe. Hematological investigations revealed anemia. Finally, bronchoscopy was performed and a 5 cm leech was found within the right B7-8 bronchus and removed by forceps and a Dormia basket. PMID:27752380
Splenic Epidermoid Cyst in a Five-Year-Old Child.
Grover, Sumit; Garg, Bhavna; Sood, Neena; Singh, Satpal
Splenic epidermoid cysts are rare non-parasitic true cysts affecting the spleen. We report a five-year-old child who presented with an abdominal lump associated with pain of 15 days. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a huge cystic lesion of obscure origin. At laprotomy a huge unilocular cyst involving upper part of spleen containing pultaceous fluid was seen and its removal necessitated splenectomy. Histopathological findings were consistent with splenic epidermoid cyst. Thus histopathology helped in elucidating the aetiology and diagnosis. PMID:27630857
[Successful preclinical thoracotomy in a 17-year-old man].
Puchwein, P; Prenner, G; Fell, B; Sereinigg, M; Gumpert, R
We report the case of a 17-year-old man who sustained multiple stab wounds after a knife attack. After arrival of the emergency medical team the patient suffered a cardiac arrest caused by cardiac tamponade. After emergency thoracotomy and open heart massage the patient developed ROSC and could be discharged 13 days later without neurological deficits. Prehospital thoracotomy is rarely performed in Austria but is the only realistic chance for survival in cases of hematopericardium and tamponade. Better training of emergency physicians in Austria concerning surgical resuscitation could increase survival rates especially after penetrating thoracic trauma.
Pulmonary nocardiosis in a 3-year-old child
Holdaway, M. D.; Kennedy, J.; Ashcroft, T.; Kay-Butler, J. J.
Until 1960, 179 cases of infection with Nocardia asteroides had been described in the world literature. Seventeen cases in children were reported by 1963. The organism is a common saprophyte in nature with probably a world-wide distribution. Infection can be primary but is more common in patients with underlying malignancy, auto-immune disease or preceding tuberculosis. Sulphonamides, particularly sulphadiazine, are the drugs of choice in treatment; the value of antibiotics is less clearly established. The indications for surgical treatment have not yet been defined. We record a further case of primary pulmonary nocardiosis in a 3-year-old child. Images PMID:6035802
Splenic Epidermoid Cyst in a Five-Year-Old Child
Garg, Bhavna; Sood, Neena; Singh, Satpal
Splenic epidermoid cysts are rare non-parasitic true cysts affecting the spleen. We report a five-year-old child who presented with an abdominal lump associated with pain of 15 days. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a huge cystic lesion of obscure origin. At laprotomy a huge unilocular cyst involving upper part of spleen containing pultaceous fluid was seen and its removal necessitated splenectomy. Histopathological findings were consistent with splenic epidermoid cyst. Thus histopathology helped in elucidating the aetiology and diagnosis. PMID:27630857
Five-year-olds' affective state and compliance to teachers.
Fuchs-Beauchamp, K D
The relationship between the affective state of 5-year-olds and their compliance to teacher requests was examined. A total of 10 boys and 16 girls were assigned to a positive- or negative-mood group. Mood-induction procedures delineated by Lay, Waters, and Park (1989) were used with the children, and a subsequent compliance task was given. Children in the positive-mood group complied to their teacher with significantly shorter latencies than those in the negative-mood group. Results are discussed as they relate to teacher practices of giving praise and approval.
Granuloma inguinale in a 51-year-old man.
Ornelas, Jennifer; Kiuru, Maija; Konia, Thomas; Larsen, Larissa
Granuloma inguinale, or Donovanosis, is a rare, sexually transmitted ulcerative disease primarily affecting the genital area. In this report, we present a case of a 50-year-old man that was diagnosed with granuloma inguinale after a 2-month history of a penile ulcer. Histological analysis demonstrated the presence of Donovan bodies within macrophages, confirming the diagnosis. He was subsequently treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with improvement in the ulcer. This case serves as a reminder to clinicians that although granuloma inguinale is rarely encountered in the US, it should still be suspected in patients with non-healing penile ulcers. PMID:27617463
Fifty-five-year-old man with chronic yeast infections
Schroeder, Nikhila; Palacios, Thamiris; Rosen, Lindsey B.; Martinez, Bianca; Browne, Sarah; Borish, Larry
As immunologists, we are frequently asked to evaluate patients with recurrent infections. These infections can provide us with clues regarding what pathways might be aberrant in a given patient, e.g., specific pyogenic bacteria with Toll-like receptor problems, atypical mycobacteria with interferon gamma receptor autoantibodies, and Candida/staphylococcal infections with cellular immune abnormalities. We present a 55-year-old man who presented to our immunology clinic with onychodystrophy of the toenails and fingernails and recurrent oral–esophageal candidiasis. The differential diagnosis for recurrent yeast infections is complex and includes usual suspects as well as some that are not as straightforward. PMID:25295810
[Fanconi syndrome in a 22-year-old African patient].
Wetzstein, Morgane; Jauréguy, Maïté; Lanoix, Jean-Philippe; Poulain, Coralie; Berrou, Claire; Renou, Marianne; Cordonnier, Carole; Choukroun, Gabriel
Acquired Fanconi syndrome can occur in patients with monoclonal gammopathy or after exposure to heavy metals or drug agents such as ifosfamide, and some antiretroviral therapies. Fanconi syndrome is characterized by a dysfunctional of the proximal tubular responsible in its complete form for polyuria, hypokalemia, glycosuria, hypophosphatemia and low molecular weight proteinuria. We report the case of a 22-year-old patient hospitalized with an acute renal failure secondary to a tubulo-interstitial nephritis associated with a complete Fanconi syndrome in a context of a poor general condition and fever. We described and analyzed the process leading to the diagnosis.
Zygomatic arch fracture in a 40-year-old woman.
Ramponi, Denise; White, Thomas
This case describes an injury to a 40-year-old woman, employed as a softball team coach, who presented to an emergency department (ED) after sustaining a line drive hit to the right side of the face with a softball during practice. Upon arrival to the ED, the patient complained of moderate pain, swelling, and bruising over the right side of her midface area. After evaluation in the ED, the patient received a diagnosis of a zygomatic arch fracture that was further managed by an occupational medicine nurse practitioner, a plastic surgeon, and an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physician specialist.
[A 61-year-old man with sciatica].
Breivik, Kristin Lif; Laurini, Ricardo; Steen, Rolf; Alstadhaug, Karl Bjørnar
A 61-year-old man was admitted to our department with radicular back-pain and progressive gait-difficulties. On examination he had flaccid paraparesis and bladder-retention. He subsequently developed palsy of n. oculomotorius, dysarthria, right-sided Bells palsy and weakness of his right arm over a 4-week period. He became disoriented and died without a diagnosis. MRI of the brain and columna were negative. Extensive search for malignancies yielded negative results. Cytology specimens were inconclusive and repeated liquor-examinations showed very low glucose levels, mild pleocytosis, elevated protein. Autopsy revealed a small adenocarcinoma of the lung and meningeal carcinomatosis originating from the adenocarcinoma.
[Snake bite in a 53-year-old female tourist].
Bertheau, S; Aghdassi, A; Otto, M; Hegenscheid, K; Runge, S; Lerch, M M; Simon, P
Snake bites are rare events in Germany and are not life-threatening with usually only mild clinical symptoms. The most widespread venomous snake is the common European adder (Vipera berus). Here we present the case of a 53-year-old woman who was bitten by a common adder. Although the patient was initially in stable condition she developed edematous swelling of the complete lower limb, subcutaneous bleeding, and rhabdomyolysis. The aim of this report is to raise awareness that even in a central European country like Germany snake bites with a life-threatening course can occur and need immediate attention and medical care. PMID:25617003
[Liver failure in a 27 years old female patient].
Gertsch, T; Pfammatter, T; Braun, M; Hechelhammer, L; Meyenberger, C; Semela, D; Sawatzki, M
We report about a 27-years old female patient with acute liver failure due to an acute Budd Chiari Syndrom (thrombosis of all three liver veins an vena cava inferior) with caval web, birth control pills and after long distance flight. After successfull aspiration of the caval thrombus and dilatation of caval web liver transplantation could be bypassed. Two weeks after intervention the patient was in a good healthy condition with normal laboratory values, normal liver size, normal perfusion of the V. cava inferior and signs of reperfusion of the middle liver vein. PMID:22878949
A 14-year-old girl with recumbent proteinuria.
Faizan, M Khurram; Finn, Laura S; Paladin, Angelisa M; McDonald, Ruth A
We describe a 14-year-old female who presented with persistently elevated nighttime urinary protein excretion without additional clinical symptoms. She had no evidence of intrinsic renal disease on physical examination or laboratory studies. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen revealed a large cyst arising from the spleen. CT scan showed compression of the left renal vein by the splenic cyst. Removal of the cyst resulted in resolution of her proteinuria. Entrapment of the left renal vein (nutcracker syndrome) remains a rare but important cause of elevated protein excretion.
Two-year-olds' understanding of self-symbols.
Herold, Katherine; Akhtar, Nameera
This study investigated 48 2.5-year-olds' ability to map from their own body to a two-dimensional self-representation and also examined relations between parents' talk about body representations and their children's understanding of self-symbols. Children participated in two dual-representation tasks in which they were asked to match body parts between a symbol and its referent. In one task, they used a self-symbol and in the other they used a symbol for a doll. Participants were also read a book about body parts by a parent. As a group, children found the self-symbol task more difficult than the doll-task; however, those whose parents explicitly pointed out the relation between their children's bodies and the symbols in the book performed better on the self-symbol task. The findings demonstrate that 2-year-old children have difficulty comprehending a self-symbol, even when it is two-dimensional and approximately the same size as them, and suggest that parents' talk about self-symbols may facilitate their understanding. PMID:24588085
Pituitary stalk lesion in a 13-year-old female.
Zilbermint, Mihail; Ramnitz, Mary S; Lodish, Maya B; Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina; Kattamis, Antonis; Lyssikatos, Charalampos; Patronas, Nicholas J; Quezado, Martha M; Stratakis, Constantine A
Germinomas presenting with a pituitary stalk lesion and panhypopituitarism are rare in children, and their definite diagnosis is challenging. An invasive diagnostic approach, such as a transsphenoidal biopsy, is often required prior to establishing a treatment regimen. A 13-year-old female presented with 1 year of secondary amenorrhea, fatigue, and progressive thirst with polyuria. Laboratory work-up revealed panhypopituitarism (central hypothyroidism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency and central diabetes insipidus). α-Fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotropin were not elevated in serum nor in cerebrospinal fluid. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary region showed an enhancing infundibular lesion, extending into the hypothalamus, and infiltrating the pituitary gland. A transsphenoidal biopsy of the infundibular lesion confirmed the diagnosis of germinoma (germ-cell tumor). After appropriate hormone replacement therapy, chemotherapy and low-dose radiation therapy, the patient achieved complete resolution of the pituitary stalk lesion on the MRI.
Pituitary stalk lesion in a 13-year-old female
Zilbermint, Mihail; Ramnitz, Mary S.; Lodish, Maya B.; Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina; Kattamis, Antonis; Lyssikatos, Charalampos; Patronas, Nicholas J.; Quezado, Martha M.
Germinomas presenting with a pituitary stalk lesion and panhypopituitarism are rare in children, and their definite diagnosis is challenging. An invasive diagnostic approach, such as a transsphenoidal biopsy, is often required prior to establishing a treatment regimen. A 13-year-old female presented with 1 year of secondary amenorrhea, fatigue, and progressive thirst with polyuria. Laboratory work-up revealed panhypopituitarism (central hypothyroidism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency and central diabetes insipidus). α-Fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotropin were not elevated in serum nor in cerebrospinal fluid. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary region showed an enhancing infundibular lesion, extending into the hypothalamus, and infiltrating the pituitary gland. A transsphenoidal biopsy of the infundibular lesion confirmed the diagnosis of germinoma (germ-cell tumor). After appropriate hormone replacement therapy, chemotherapy and low-dose radiation therapy, the patient achieved complete resolution of the pituitary stalk lesion on the MRI. PMID:24129100
A 35-year old woman with productive cough and breathlessness
Kalai, Umasankar; Hadda, Vijay; Madan, Karan; Arava, Sudheer; Ali, Firdaus; Jain, Neetu; Mohan, Anant
A 35-year-old lady was seen in the outpatient clinic owing to fever, cough with mucopurulent expectoration, and breathlessness for the duration of 1 month. She had history of similar episodes treated with antibiotics four times during last 2 years. There was no history of recurrent sinusitis, diarrhea, and skin or soft tissue infection. She had no history of diabetes mellitus or steroid intake. She denied any history of facial trauma or dental infection in the past. There was no history of tuberculosis in her or in the family. Radiograph and CT scan of the chest revealed right upper lobe consolidation. Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed multiple nodules at opening of right upper lobe bronchus. This clinicopathological conference describes the details of differential diagnoses, difficulties in achieving the final diagnosis and management of such patient. PMID:26664183
Summary of aging effects on 25-year old nylon parachutes
Tadios, E.L.
Structural evaluations were conducted on several parachute systems to determine the effects of aging on parachute materials. Most of the parachutes were 25 years old. Five 64 ft parachutes were evaluated along with one 4 ft guide surface parachute and three 16.5 ft ribbon parachutes. The parachute systems used in the study were all fabricated from nylon materials. Results were obtained for several material properties such as tensile strength, air permeability and melting point. Military specifications were used as zero-time data base due to lack of raw material data. The results indicate that over a period of about 25 years, parachute nylon materials do not degrade to unacceptable levels. 7 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.
Sciatica in a Five-Year-Old Boy
Hasankhani, Ebrahim Ghayem; Rafeemanesh, Ehsan
The prevalence of back pain during childhood is 50%; in 22% of these cases, a specific diagnosis can be found. Osteoid osteoma is a rare benign tumor that occursonly in 20% of cases and involves the spine. The aim of this report is to explain an atypical case of lumbar osteoid osteoma with significant neurologic deficit at a very young age. A five-year-old boy was presented with refractory pain in the low back and left extremity for approximately one year. Positive clinical findings were antalgic gait, stiff lumbar spine, weak left big toe extension force and a positive straight leg rising test on the left side. Paraclinical studies revealed osteoid osteoma in the left-sided pedicle of the fifth lumbar vertebra. With surgical excision, he recovered immediately. Lumbar osteoid osteoma should be suspected as the cause of low back pain or sciatalgia in any young patient. PMID:24967051
Mitochondrial DNA sequences from a 7000-year old brain.
Pääbo, S; Gifford, J A; Wilson, A C
Pieces of mitochondrial DNA from a 7000-year-old human brain were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Albumin and high concentrations of polymerase were required to overcome a factor in the brain extract that inhibits amplification. For this and other sources of ancient DNA, we find an extreme inverse dependence of the amplification efficiency on the length of the sequence to be amplified. This property of ancient DNA distinguishes it from modern DNA and thus provides a new criterion of authenticity for use in research on ancient DNA. The brain is from an individual recently excavated from Little Salt Spring in southwestern Florida and the anthropologically informative sequences it yielded are the first obtained from archaeologically retrieved remains. The sequences show that this ancient individual belonged to a mitochondrial lineage that is rare in the Old World and not previously known to exist among Native Americans. Our finding brings to three the number of maternal lineages known to have been involved in the prehistoric colonization of the New World. Images PMID:3186445
Extrinsic Rewards Diminish Costly Sharing in 3-Year-Olds.
Ulber, Julia; Hamann, Katharina; Tomasello, Michael
Two studies investigated the influence of external rewards and social praise in young children's fairness-related behavior. The motivation of ninety-six 3-year-olds' to equalize unfair resource allocations was measured in three scenarios (collaboration, windfall, and dictator game) following three different treatments (material reward, verbal praise, and neutral response). In all scenarios, children's willingness to engage in costly sharing was negatively influenced when they had received a reward for equal sharing during treatment than when they had received praise or no reward. The negative effect of material rewards was not due to subjects responding in kind to their partner's termination of rewards. These results provide new evidence for the intrinsic motivation of prosociality-in this case, costly sharing behavior-in preschool children. PMID:27084549
Multifocal tumoral calcinosis in a 4-year-old girl
Sayar, Ilyas; Peker, Kemal; Kapısız, Alparslan; Bostancı, Isıl Esen; Gürbüzel, Mehmet; Isik, Arda; Peker, Necla Aydın
Patient: Female, 4 Final Diagnosis: Tumoral calcinosis Symptoms: Hard immobile mass Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Surgery Objective: Congenital defects Background: Tumoral calcinosis is an uncommon condition associated with the deposition of painless calcific masses. It is more common in childhood or early adolescence of African-American females. Case Report: We present a case of a 4-year-old girl with tumoral calcinosis treated surgically. The case is rather rare in terms of the age of the patient and the localization of the masses (gluteal site). In our patient, the biochemical findings were normal, except for hyperphosphatemia and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions: Total excision appears to lead to a good clinical outcome and a low incidence of local relapse. PMID:24644527
Choline associated hypersexuality in a 79-year-old man.
Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore; Cordici, Francesco; Genovese, Carmelo; Bramanti, Placido
Hypersexuality, also referred to as sexually inappropriate behavior and sexual disinhibition, involves persistent, uninhibited sexual behaviors directed at oneself or at others, sometimes associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Choline is a water-soluble essential nutrient, used as a dietary supplement in different diseases. This report was aimed at considering choline intake as a possible cause of iatrogenic hypersexuality. After an evaluation, a 79-year-old man affected by memory loss was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and treated with oral choline. After 6 weeks of regular choline assumption, the patient showed a pathological increase in libido with sexual urges. As choline was withdrawn, the hypersexuality disappeared within 5 days. Since hypersexuality may be an underreported and overlooked adverse effect of drugs and dietary supplements acting on the cholinergic pathway, this should be considered when treating and counselling patients with inappropriate sexual behavior. PMID:23733158
An 86-year-old man with acute abdominal pain.
van Dam, Paul M E L; Posthouwer, Dirk
An 86-year-old man presented with severe pain in the upper abdomen along with fever. On physical examination, we found an arterial blood pressure of 84/43 mm Hg, a heart rate of 80 bpm and a temperature of 38.3°C. The abdomen was painful and peristalsis was absent. Empiric antibiotic therapy for sepsis was started with amoxicillin/clavulanate and gentamicin. CT scan of the abdomen revealed an emphysematous cholecystitis. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystostomy was applied. Bile cultures revealed Clostridium perfringens. Emphysematous cholecystitis is a life-threatening form of acute cholecystitis that occurs as a consequence of ischaemic injury to the gallbladder, followed by translocation of gas-forming bacteria (ie, C. perfringens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Streptococci). The mortality associated with emphysematous cholecystitis is higher than in non-emphysematous cholecystitis (15% vs 4%). Therefore, early diagnosis with radiological imaging is of vital importance. PMID:26869625
Two-year-olds use artist intention to understand drawings.
Preissler, Melissa Allen; Bloom, Paul
Adults appreciate that an abstract visual representation can be understood through inferring the artist's intention. Many investigators have argued that this capacity is a late-emerging developmental accomplishment, a claim supported by findings that preschool children ignore explicit statements about intent when naming pictures. Using a simplified method, we explored picture naming in 2-year-olds. Experiment 1 found that when an adult artist drew an object, children later mapped a novel name for the drawing to the object that the adult had been looking at. Experiment 2 suggests that this response was not merely because there was more attention given to that object. These findings are consistent with the view that children are naturally disposed to reason about artifacts, including artwork, in terms of inferred intention. PMID:17391660
Severe hypercholesterolemia and liver disease in a 3-year old.
Patel, Amol M; Brautbar, Ariel; Desai, Nirav K; Wilson, Don P
Lipoprotein-X, which is composed of phospholipids and non-esterified cholesterol, is an abnormal lipoprotein with a density range similar to LDL-C. The two most common ways which lipoprotein-X accumulates is from reflux of bile salts into plasma or deficiency in lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase. This is a case of severe hypercholesterolemia and liver disease in a 3- year old male that presented with pruritus, pale stool, scleral ictus, and abdominal distention. He was diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis which was confirmed by liver biopsy. Our patient was treated with steroids and immunomodulator therapy which was associated with significant reduction in cholestasis and LDL-C levels. Lipoprotein-X has several properties that make it anti-atherogenic, which raises the question if treatment for hypercholesterolemia should be initiated. PMID:27206954
A 46-year-old man with excruciating shoulder pain.
Olafsson, Eric J; Zeni, Tallal; Wilkes, David S
A 46-year-old man with no significant medical history presented to his local emergency department complaining of excruciating right shoulder pain. The patient was in his usual state of excellent health until 4 days prior, when right shoulder pain developed while he was using a chainsaw to cut wood. The next day, flu-like symptoms developed with fevers, chills, and headache. An MRI revealed that the right pectoralis major was torn from its attachment to the acromion. His shoulder pain intensified despite treatment with hydrocodone and acetaminophen, and the flu-like symptoms progressed over the next 2 days. Finally, on the day of hospital admission, he was weak and unable to arise out of bed. He was taken by family members to the local emergency department.
Renovating a 65-year-old performing arts center
Gifford, R.S. )
This article describes the HVAC, electrical and lighting systems that were upgraded in the renovations to the Wang Center for the Performing Arts. The renovations and restorations involved a complete restoration to elaborate interior finishes and a comprehensive upgrade of antiquated core mechanical and electrical systems in a 65-year-old performing arts theater. A new thermal storage cooling system, a new electrical power distribution system, new lighting systems and a new fire protection system were accomplished simultaneously as the theater interior was completely refinished with meticulous detail. The project offered a rare opportunity to integrate current technology with what may at first appear to be obsolete systems to enable the original architectural grandeur to be maintained, yet be fully functional to meet the demanding requirements of a modern performing arts center. It is an example of a successful project that was completed within a very aggressive construction schedule and within a controlled budget.
[A nine-year-old girl with a blue eye].
Galteland, Pål; Skjelbred, Per
We present a nine-year-old girl with fracture of the orbital floor and herniation of soft tissue and extraocular musculature into the maxillary sinus. A marked restriction of upward gaze was noted. Surgery was performed after two days. Herniated tissue was released and the orbital floor reconstructed. One week later she had normal eye motility. Orbital fractures of children are rare, but we stress the importance of careful clinical examination and early surgery. Due to the elasticity of the bone and lack of periorbital fat in children, extraocular musculature is more prone to entrapment in the orbital floor. The most important sign is limitation of gaze upwards. CT findings are of less importance. Early surgical management within 24 - 48 hours will reduce the risk of necrosis and fibrosis of extraocular musculature resulting in reduced eye motility. PMID:18046847
[Cerebellar gangliocytoma in an 11-year-old child].
Joly, Marie; Valmary-Degano, Séverine; Cattin, Françoise; Vasiljevic, Alexandre; Jouvet, Anne; Viennet, Gabriel
Cerebellar gangliocytoma can correspond to Lhermitte-Duclos disease, a benign hamartomatous malformation encountered in young adults. It can also be a part of gangliogliomas/gangliocytomas family, which usually encompasses temporal pediatric neoplasms associated with longstanding seizures. We report a case of a young 11-year-old patient who presented with a gangliocytoma of the cerebellum revealed by neurologic manifestations (headache, dyspraxia, equilibrium and gait disturbances). Diagnosis was made on surgical material. Tumour was characterized by dysplastic mature ganglion cells, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates and no glial neoplastic component. By immunohistochemistry, ganglion cells expressed neurofilaments, MAP2 protein, synaptophysin, chromogranin A and S100 protein. BRAF V600E mutation was absent. Clinical characteristics, radiology, histopathology of the two main diagnoses are discussed.
Two-year-olds use artist intention to understand drawings.
Preissler, Melissa Allen; Bloom, Paul
Adults appreciate that an abstract visual representation can be understood through inferring the artist's intention. Many investigators have argued that this capacity is a late-emerging developmental accomplishment, a claim supported by findings that preschool children ignore explicit statements about intent when naming pictures. Using a simplified method, we explored picture naming in 2-year-olds. Experiment 1 found that when an adult artist drew an object, children later mapped a novel name for the drawing to the object that the adult had been looking at. Experiment 2 suggests that this response was not merely because there was more attention given to that object. These findings are consistent with the view that children are naturally disposed to reason about artifacts, including artwork, in terms of inferred intention.
A 59 year-old man with sellar lesion.
Sargis, Robert M; Wollmann, Robert L; Pytel, Peter
A 59 year-old man presented with a large sellar mass. Pathologic examination revealed a tumor with two distinct cell populations. The majority of the tumor showed typical pituitary gonadotroph adenoma morphology and staining. Diffusely scattered throughout this tumor were nests of epithelial cells with an appearance typical of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and that were proliferating by Ki-67. Moreover, their diffuse distribution within the adenoma portion of the tumor suggests that these areas arose from within the adenoma where squamous rests are not observed. While pituitary adenomas juxtaposed to craniopharyngiomas have been reported, these cases have consisted of distinct masses unlike the intimately admixed tumor described in this case. Moreover, all previous reports of craniopharyngiomas with pituitary adenoma have consisted of prolactinomas. This is the first reported case of a craniopharyngioma with gonadotroph adenoma.
First Manic Episode in an 11 Year-old Girl
Tran, Don Quang; Beaudry, Vincent; Lajoie, Yves
Objective: We present the case of an 11 year-old girl admitted to the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke for a first manic episode. Method: Differential diagnoses of adjustment disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder were considered but eliminated. Results: No organic etiology was detected. Her condition rapidly remitted with aripiprazole 3mg. After her discharge, she suffered a relapse due to instability of her living conditions and was rehospitalized. Conclusion: Mania is a difficult diagnosis in youths due to its nonspecific symptoms, rare prepubertal occurrence, and diagnostic complexity. Despite ongoing research, there is little conclusive information on the impact of psychosocial stressors on the evolution of early-onset bipolar disorder. PMID:24223053
[Circumscript myositis ossificans in a four-year-old boy].
Cabello García, D; Rodríguez Fernández, A; Gómez Río, M; Moreno, M J; Rebollo Aguirre, A C; Martín Castro, A; Llamas Elvira, J M
We present the case of a 4 year old boy with no previous personal or family history of interest, who attended the Paediatric Department of our hospital after a physical examination revealed a painful induration in the left arm which had increased in size; imaging tests were consistent with a calcified mass in soft tissues, without cortical involvement, suspected of being malignant. Two-phase bone scintigraphy was requested in which a soft tissue lesion, not suggestive of malignancy, was detected. The biopsy was negative for malignant cells. However, in view of the progressive increase in size of the lesion, FDG positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was performed, showing a hypermetabolic mass consistent with malignancy in the left arm, for which the patient underwent surgery for suspected possible parosteal osteosarcoma. PMID:18817666
Cole, John A; Warthan, Molly M; Hirano, Stefanie A; Gowen, Clarence W; Williams, Judith V
Scurvy, or hypovitaminosis C, is an uncommon condition that exists today primarily within certain unique populations-particularly the elderly subjects, patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities or psychiatric illnesses, or others with unusual dietary habits. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient in the human body, and is important in synthesizing collagen factor whose faulty production is responsible for most of the clinical manifestations of scurvy. These clinical manifestations can include dystrophic or corkscrew hairs, gingival hyperplasia, and weakened blood vessel walls, causing bleeding in the skin, joints, and other organs. Although rare in the Unites States, the presence of scurvy should not be forgotten because of its presence among susceptible populations. Moreover, with its diagnosis, treatment and cure is one of the simplest in modern medicine. We report a case of scurvy in a 10-year-old autistic child.
Child-directed action promotes 2-year-olds' imitation.
Williamson, Rebecca A; Brand, Rebecca J
Children are voracious learners and adults are ubiquitous teachers. This project investigated whether the special infant-directed action modifications parents use when teaching their children (called "motionese" by Brand et al., Developmental Science, 2002, Vol. 5, pp. 72-83) improves 2-year-olds' imitation. Children saw an adult perform a series of acts on four novel objects using either an infant-directed style (including larger range of motion and enhanced boundary marking) or an adult-directed style. Children's imitation of the acts was higher in the infant-directed condition relative to the adult-directed condition, and both types of demonstration increased imitation relative to baseline (no demonstration). We propose that motionese provides information about actions, objects, and intentionality, thereby enhancing toddlers' observational learning.
An 80-year-old woman with left shoulder pain.
Khoo, Sb
This case history illustrates the real life experience and dilemma of an 80-year-old woman in pursuit of medical care for her left shoulder pain. Points for discussion range from clinical features of Pancoast tumor, importance of pain management, good principles of Family Medicine and Palliative care to ethical issues of conspiracy of silence, limited treatment plan and palliative versus curative radiotherapy treatment without a known biopsy report. This paper provides opportunity for analysis of a real complex clinical situation, application of medical knowledge to problem solving in clinical practice and relevant topics for discussions. (For anonymity sake, the names of patient, doctors, general and private hospitals are not mentioned. The aim of this paper is solely for continuous medical education without any intention to ridicule any party).
Adrenal gland teratoma in a 40-year-old woman.
Shrestha, M K; Lalchan, S
Teratoma is a germ-cell tumor that commonly affects the gonads. Extragondal teratoma is a rare entity. Teratoma in the region of adrenal gland is a rare and uncommon retroperitoneal tumor; only few cases have been reported. This case report describes such a tumor in a 40-year-old-woman who presented with multiple vague complaints. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a mixed echogenic mass with areas of calcification in right suprarenal region and a lymph nodal mass in the right renal hilar region. Computed tomography showed a mass containing fat, calcification and soft tissue component in right supra-renal region indenting the superior pole of kidney. Intraoperatively a supra-renal tumor was found within in a pseudocapsule that covered most of the tumor with a part of duodenum fixed to the mass.
Night waking in 1-year-old children in England.
Scott, G; Richards, M P
A national sample of 1500 mothers of 1-year-old children received a postal questionnaire concerned with the sleeping patterns of their children. The response rate was 69%. Seventeen per cent of mothers reported that their 1-year-old presented a moderate or severe sleep problem and 26% said their child woke at night on at least five nights a week. While these two measures correlated, 10% of those who reported their infant woke on at least five nights a week did not consider this to be a problem. Neither sex of infant, social class, method of infant feeding or numbers of house moves were associated with sleep problems. The pattern of results strongly suggest an association between night waking and other sleeping difficulties and stress for mothers. This was indicated by the association we found with complaints about housing, overcrowding, more negative attitudes toward motherhood, lower assessments of maternal well-being, lack of practical support from partners, the use of more negative adjectives to describe their baby and more frequent feelings of being dominated by their baby. While these associations may be explained by the stresses of living with a night-waking baby, it is also likely that a mother who is feeling somewhat depressed and negative toward her baby is more likely to see night waking as significant and as a problem. There were class differences in how parents coped with a shortage of space. Middle-class parents were more likely to put a baby in with a sibling while working class parents more often had the baby in their own room. Middle-class parents were more likely to leave a night-waking baby to cry. PMID:2225345
Slope restoration for a 100-year old canal
Skaggs, R.L.; Lewis, S.W.; Liebersbach, D.C.
Turlock Irrigation District (TID) is located in the northern portion of the fertile San Joaquin Valley of California. TID`s primary water supply is conveyed from the 100-year-old LaGrange Diversion Dam via their historic Upper Main Canal. The original canal was constructed by excavating into slate bedrock for the uphill (cut) bank, and constructing unmortared rock walls and rock fill for the downhill (fill) embankment; the excavation was then lined with concrete. Soil fill raises of the downhill embankment over the last 30 years have reduced the slope stability to unacceptable levels in the steepest embankment areas. In March of 1994, two surficial slides prompted investigation of the long term embankment stability in the Warehouse Slide Area. Based on results of analysis for various stabilization scenarios, TID chose a stabilization method which included: (1) excavation of an access bench below the existing canal, (2) installation of steel pipe piles through the existing rock fill and into the bedrock, (3) construction of a mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining wall and (4) construction of a soil-cement canal roadway pavement. The design was chosen by the owner because of cost competitiveness compared to other design alternatives and because the construction sequence allowed uninterrupted use of the canal. By using local river cobble for the MSE wall facing material, TID met the desired 50-year design life of the repair while maintaining the area`s historic visual features.
Achalasia in a sixty-four-year-old man.
Komisaruk, E A; Seymour, N E
Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure and absence of peristalsis in the lower esophagus. Patients typically present with complaints of progressive difficulty swallowing over a period of several years. Diagnosis is confirmed by esophageal manometry. Complications of achalasia include esophagitis, aspiration and possibly an increased risk of esophageal carcinoma. Medical treatment options include pneumatic dilatation, esophageal bougienage, nitrates, calcium channel blockers and botulinum toxin injections. The primary method of surgical treatment is the Heller myotomy, in which longitudinal incisions are made in the muscle fibers of the lower esophageal sphincter to reduce sphincter pressure. Frequently, a fundoplication is performed in addition to the myotomy to decrease the likelihood of development of gastroesophageal reflux. In recent years, the Heller myotomy has been performed both thoracoscopically and laparoscopically. An additional development has been the placement of an endoscope in the esophagus to provide transillumination during surgery; intraoperative endoscopy allows improved assessment of the depth of myotomy incisions and reduces the risk of esophageal perforation. The case report below describes a 64-year-old-man with achalasia who presented with persistent dysphagia despite multiple attempts at medical treatment. A laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Toupet fundoplication was performed with subsequent eradication of symptoms. A discussion of the epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of achalasia follows the case report.
Phonological Development in Lexically Precocious 2-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Smith, Bruce L.; McGregor, Karla K.; Demille, Darcie
To examine interactions between young children's vocabulary size and their phonological abilities, spontaneous language samples were collected from 24-month-olds with precocious lexicons, their age mates (24-month-olds with average-sized lexicons), and their vocabulary mates (30-month-olds with average-sized lexicons). Phonological ability was…
[Bilateral axillary nodes. 30-year-old patient, housewife].
Rodak, R; Ramseier, E
A 20-year old patient who had been adequately treated for lymph node tuberculosis 14 years ago presented 1 week after giving birth to a healthy daughter. She complained about painful lumps in both axillae. During pregnancy the patient suffered from hyperemesis gravidarum, lost 6 kg of weight, and had night sweats. During the last three months of her pregnancy she had a deep vein thrombosis in her right lower leg. The clinical examination showed soft axillary lumps up to 3 cm. The lab showed the following pathological findings: blood sedimentation rate 51 mm/h, CRP 44.8 mg/l, LDH 221 U/l and INR 1.3 (indicating insufficient anticoagulation with phenprocoumon). The chest x-ray showed no infiltrate or indications of a past tuberculosis. A fine needle aspiration cytology was performed on an accessible node. Gram stain, Ziehl Neelsen stain, as well as the bacteriological cultures were all negative. An ultrasound examination of the axilla showed a thickened subcutis without a mass. Cytology showed lobular epithelium, consistent wih ductal mamma epithelium without atypical cells. The diagnosis of an accessory mamma tissue in both axillae was made. During the course of the following weeks the glands decreased in size and the patient was free of symptoms.
[Autochthonous strongyloidosis in an 81-year-old woman].
Ziegler, Tom; Schau, Anja; Winkler, Christina
Strongyloidosis is an parasitic disease, caused by an intestinal nematode endemic in tropic and subtropic regions. In Central Europe it occurs only sporadically. The infective larvae in the soil penetrate the human skin. Following circulation through the lungs the larvae settle in the small intestine and mature into adult worms. Chronic strongyloidosis recurring up to 15 years is possible through endogenous autoinfection. Clinical feature of the disease are gastrointestinal symptoms, hypereosinophilia and skin rashes. We describe the case of an 81-year-old woman who presented with scaly exanthema, fever and perianal fistulation. A microscopic examination of a stool sample demonstrated filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. An autochthonous mode of infection was assumed. After starting treatment with mebendazole eosinophilia and rash gradually disappeared. The laboratory finding of eosinophilia in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms or exanthema should prompt the differential diagnosis of a parasitosis. Stool examination is necessary to find rare autochthonous infections by intestinal nematodes. Pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and treatment of strongyloidosis are discussed along with the clinical picture.
25 Years Old Women With Inflammatory Low Back Pain
Soltani, Zahra; Davatchi, Fereydon
Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent histological type of malignant lymphomas (approximately 30% of cases). DLBCL is highly curable through chemotherapy. Rituximab in combination with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy as the most frequent of care for first - DLBCL therapy, improves long-term survival of patients effectively. Case report: A young female (25 years old) complained about pain in her right back for two years. She was suffering from backache with priority in the right and contracture in mornings. Sacroiliac joint seemed normal but lytic and sclerotic lesions and also density changing of L5 and humerus head was revealed by CT scan. Biopsy was taken from the iliac bone and diffuse large B cell lymphoma was diagnosed. Conclusion: Chronic pains especially in axial skeleton, pelvis area and main joints must be taken seriously and examined by CT scan and MRI. If no particular issue was reported primarily while the pain was remained, a complete diagnosis BMB associated with PET must be applied. Despite of dependency on diagnosis the treatment by CHOP in association with rituximab is the most recommended chemotherapy alternative for patients with DLBCL. PMID:27594751
The "strong" RNA world hypothesis: fifty years old.
Neveu, Marc; Kim, Hyo-Joong; Benner, Steven A
This year marks the 50(th) anniversary of a proposal by Alex Rich that RNA, as a single biopolymer acting in two capacities, might have supported both genetics and catalysis at the origin of life. We review here both published and previously unreported experimental data that provide new perspectives on this old proposal. The new data include evidence that, in the presence of borate, small amounts of carbohydrates can fix large amounts of formaldehyde that are expected in an environment rich in carbon dioxide. Further, we consider other species, including arsenate, arsenite, phosphite, and germanate, that might replace phosphate as linkers in genetic biopolymers. While linkages involving these oxyanions are judged to be too unstable to support genetics on Earth, we consider the possibility that they might do so in colder semi-aqueous environments more exotic than those found on Earth, where cosolvents such as ammonia might prevent freezing at temperatures well below 273 K. These include the ammonia-water environments that are possibly present at low temperatures beneath the surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon.
Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in a two year old girl.
Nuorva, K; Pitkänen, R; Issakainen, J; Huttunen, N P; Juhola, M
A case of disseminated bilateral pulmonary adiaspiromycosis is reported in a two year old Finnish girl. She recovered from this rare infection after treatment with amphotericin B. She is the first human case of adiaspiromycosis in Scandinavia and she is the youngest child with this disease reported so far. Electron microscopy showed that the three layers of the spore wall were not typical; rather, there seemed to be a gradual transition between the main wall zones, which may be split into an indefinite number of thin layers. Varying numbers and thicknesses were seen with different staining methods, and in different spores. Diagnosis relies on recognition of the fungus in a pulmonary biopsy specimen, because there are no reliable serological tests and culture of the fungus is time consuming and not always successful. It was thought that this patient had become infected as a result of contact with soil dust containing the spores in the yard surrounding her home, and as a result of her mother's work in a large garden shop. Images PMID:9059367
A 37-year-old mechanic with multiple chemical sensitivities.
Kipen, H M; Fiedler, N
A 37-year-old heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning mechanic developed respiratory, musculoskeletal, and central nervous system symptoms associated with a variety of odorous environmental chemicals. Organic disease was not evident, but the patient was distressed by these symptoms and was at risk for becoming disabled by them. His symptoms fit broadly into the condition recognized as multiple chemical sensitivity. Multiple chemical sensitivity is a diagnostic term for a group of symptoms without demonstrated organic basis. The symptoms are characteristic of dysfunction in multiple organ systems, they increase and decrease according to exposure to low levels of chemical agents in the patient's environment, and they sometimes occur after a distinct environmental change or insult such as an industrial accident or remodeling. Although traditional medical organizations have not agreed on a definition for this syndrome, it is being increasingly recognized and makes up an increasing percentage of the caseload at occupational and environmental medicine clinics. Although there is often dispute about whether the symptoms have a functional or organic basis, an informed approach to evaluation, diagnosis, and management and a careful assessment of impairment, disability, and work relatedness are necessary. Careful exclusion of organic causes is critical, and this should be followed by a judicious approach to coping with symptoms. PMID:10753098
Breast mass in a 69-year-old woman
Hermann, G.; Schwartz, I.S.; Slater, G.
A 69-year-old woman was initially seen with constant abdominal pain in the epigastrium and right upper quadrant, with nausea and vomiting of three days' duration. On examination, moderate tenderness and guarding in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen were noted. A leukocytosis of 11,000/cu mm, with a mild shift to the left, was present. Findings from a sonogram and hepatobiliary scan were consistent with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis for which intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy was instituted. Results of radiological studies performed on the second hospital day showed a small-bowel obstruction. On surgical exploration, a gangrenous segment of the terminal ileum was resected and an end-to-end anastomosis was performed. The resected bowel demonstrated hemorrhagic infarction with evidence of focal organizing venous thrombosis in the mesentery. The patient was initially started on a regimen of IV heparin and then switched to oral coumarin. On the fourth day of coumarin therapy, massive swelling, tenderness, and erythema were noted to involve the entire right breast. Six months later, the patient was readmitted because of an acute pulmonary embolism. A residual 4x5-cm mass was present in the central portion of the right breast. The overlying skin was slightly retracted. Mammography showed an extensive masslike density behind the right nipple, with evidence of periareolar retraction. Coumarin-induced mammary necrosis was diagnosed.
Fantasy play in 5- and 6-year-old children.
Wall, S M; Pickert, S M; Gibson, W B
We studied the verbal pretend play of 5- and 6-year-old boys and girls to delineate age and sex differences during the later preoperational period. Sixteen children with average language ability were paired by age and sex and were videotaped for three 15-min intervals. Verbal interactions were transcribed, and the pretend play was classified as object fantasy, imaginative action plans/themes, or fantasy roles. Language used for pretend play increased in proportion to all utterances with age. Older children referred to more invented objects than younger ones but primarily in the service of realistic action formats. Girls' conversations were scored as having significantly more verbal pretending than boys' and a higher proportion of it referred to play roles. There were both age and sex differences in the types of themes, toys used, and roles enacted, including more sex-typed behavior in older children. The continued increase in the proportion of pretend play to all verbal interaction with age and the characteristics of play behavior is consistent with developmental theory.
The "strong" RNA world hypothesis: fifty years old.
Neveu, Marc; Kim, Hyo-Joong; Benner, Steven A
This year marks the 50(th) anniversary of a proposal by Alex Rich that RNA, as a single biopolymer acting in two capacities, might have supported both genetics and catalysis at the origin of life. We review here both published and previously unreported experimental data that provide new perspectives on this old proposal. The new data include evidence that, in the presence of borate, small amounts of carbohydrates can fix large amounts of formaldehyde that are expected in an environment rich in carbon dioxide. Further, we consider other species, including arsenate, arsenite, phosphite, and germanate, that might replace phosphate as linkers in genetic biopolymers. While linkages involving these oxyanions are judged to be too unstable to support genetics on Earth, we consider the possibility that they might do so in colder semi-aqueous environments more exotic than those found on Earth, where cosolvents such as ammonia might prevent freezing at temperatures well below 273 K. These include the ammonia-water environments that are possibly present at low temperatures beneath the surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon. PMID:23551238
Thoracic aortic dissection in a 38-year-old man.
Tilney, Peter
A few days before Christmas, a flight team was activated for an interfacility transfer of a 38-year-old man with a history of hypertension and spinal stenosis diagnosed with a thoracic aortic dissection. The patient was presented to a local community hospital complaining of nearly 5 days of left-sided rib pain. This afternoon when he stood up from a chair, he experienced a near-syncopal episode. Concurrently, he had an abrupt onset of a tearing sensation in his chest that radiated to thoracic spine in the region between his shoulder blades. Ground emergency medical services (EMS) was called, and the patient was transported to the community hospital. During the initial transport and evaluation by the emergency department (ED) staff, the patient was noted to be hypertensive, with a systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mmHg. In the ED, the patient received aspirin, morphine, and Lopressor. He underwent a chest x-ray (Figure 1) and computed tomography (CT) scan and was diagnosed with a type B thoracic aorta dissection, which was noted to start on the descending thoracic aorta distal to the left subclavian artery and extend to the level of the celiac trunk (Figure 2). Despite the initial beta blockade, the patient was noted to be profoundly hypertensive, with initial blood pressure greater than 190 mmHg systolic. The flight team was activated for hemodynamic management and rapid transport to a facility capable of vascular and cardiothoracic surgery.
Talocalcaneal coalition in a 15 year old female basketball player.
Schenkel, David; Degraauw, Jennifer; Degraauw, Christopher
This case reports an adolescent athlete with activity related chronic bilateral dorsal foot pain and stiffness. A 15 year old competitive female basketball player presented to a chiropractor subsequent to an unsuccessful course of conservative treatment for posterior tibial dysfunction. The patient's plain films were incorrectly read as normal and a CT scan obtained by the radiologist called the findings bilateral osteoarthritis. The patient was awaiting a referral to a rheumatologist at the time of initial consultation with the chiropractor. Examination revealed limited subtalar mobility and review of the images revealed bilateral non-osseous talocalcaneal coalition. The patient was subsequently directed to a pediatric orthopedic surgeon and is scheduled for a resection of the coalition. Primary care practitioners should be aware of this uncommon, but not rare, variable clinical presentation as misdiagnosis and mismanagement could lead to suboptimal patient outcomes. To our knowledge this is the first case report of a patient with tarsal coalition published in chiropractic literature. In addition, this case is the first to report radiographic evidence of chronic mechanical stress to the second metatarsal associated with tarsal coalition.
[A 73-year-old woman with familial Parkinson's disease].
Takanashi, M; Urabe, T; Ohta, S; Hamano, Y; Mori, H; Shirai, T; Kondo, T; Mizuno, Y
We report a 73-year-old Japanese woman with familial Parkinson's disease. The patient was well until her 67 years of the age, when she noted rest tremor in her right hand. Soon after her gait became short stepped. She visited our clinic on October 6, 1992 when she was 68 years old. She was alert and well oriented without dementia. She showed masked face, small voice, small stepped gait, retropulsion, resting tremor in her right hand, rigidity in the neck, and bradykinesia. She was treated with 400 mg/day of levodopa-carbidopa, which improved her symptoms, however, she developed wearing off phenomenon 3 years after the initiation of levodopa treatment. On August 26, 1998, she developed abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. She was admitted to another hospital, where abdominal plain x-ray revealed an evidence of intestinal obstruction (ileus). She was treated with nasogastric suction and intravenous fluid. Her condition did not improve and she was transferred to our hospital on August 29, 1998. Her family history revealed no consanguineous marriage. She had two elder brothers and three elder sisters. One of her brothers had been diagnosed as Parkinson's disease. Her husband also suffered from Parkinson's disease, however, her parents apparently did not have Parkinson's disease. On admission, she appeared to be drowsy. Her blood pressure was 102/70 mmHg, body temperature 36.2 degrees C. The lungs were clear and no cardiac murmur was present. Abdomen was flat and bowel sound was audible. No abnormal mass was palpable. Neurologic examination revealed mild consciousness disturbance, masked face, and small voice. No motor paralysis was noted. Muscle tone was hypotonic. No abnormal involuntary movement was noted. Abnormal laboratory findings on admission were as follows; WBC 11,300/microliter, amylase 1,373 IU/l, CK 446 IU/l, BUN 50 mg/dl, creatinine 1.17 mg/dl, CRP 22.7 mg/ dl, Na 134 mEq/l, K 3.1 mEq/l, and Cl 81 mEq/l. A chest x-ray film revealed pneumonic shadows in
Patterns of Weight Control Behavior among 15 year old Girls
Balantekin, Katherine N.; Birch, Leann L.; Savage, Jennifer S.
Objective The objectives were to identify and predict patterns of weight control behavior in 15 year old (yo) girls and to examine weight control group differences in energy intake. Method Subjects included 166 girls assessed every 2 years (ys) from age 5 to 15. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of weight control behaviors. Antecedent variables (e.g. inhibitory control at 7ys), and concurrent variables (e.g. BMI and dietary intake at 15ys) were included as predictors. Assessments were a combination of survey, interview, and laboratory measures. Results LCA identified four classes of weight control behaviors, Non-dieters (26%), and three dieting groups: Lifestyle (16%), Dieters (43%), and Extreme Dieters (17%). Levels of restraint, weight concerns, and dieting frequency increased across groups, from Non-dieters to Extreme Dieters. BMI at 5ys and inhibitory control at 7ys predicted weight control group at 15ys; e.g. with every one-point decrease in inhibitory control, girls were twice as likely to be Extreme Dieters than Non-dieters. Girls in the Extreme Dieters group were mostly classified as under-reporters, and had the lowest self-reported intake, but ate significantly more in the laboratory. Discussion Among 15yo girls, "dieting" includes a range of both healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Risk factors for membership in a weight control groups are present as early as 5ys. Patterns of intake in the laboratory support the view that lower reported energy intake by Extreme Dieters is likely due under-reporting as an intent to decrease intake, not actual decreased intake. PMID:26284953
School and the 17-Year-Old: A Comparison of Career Development Skills of 17-Year-Olds Attending School and Those Not Attending.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO.
National performance for 17-year-olds in school, 17-year-olds not in school and young adults aged 26-35 in the area of career and occupational development (COD) was assessed to determine whether or not education status and career development skills are related. Within each of the groups, performance of various subgroups was examined, defined by…
Dynamics of hand preference in 4 year-old children.
Rostoft, M S; Sigmundsson, H; Whiting, H T A; Ingvaldsen, R P
Hand preference in groups of 4 year-old children towards either end of the skill continuum (as determined by the Movement ABC test) was explored by means of a catching task in which the 'direction of approach of the ball' was used as a control parameter within a dynamical systems framework. In Condition 1, the ball direction was systematically scaled in degrees from the right side of the subject to the left and vice versa. In Condition 2, the spatial location of the ball direction was varied randomly, rather than systematically, over the same range as for Condition 1. In both conditions, the two groups of children were shown to switch between hands (from left to right and vice versa) at well-defined positions on the scale. The different scale values obtained when ball direction was scaled from left to right compared with right to left were used to define hysteresis areas. These areas were more extensive and located more to the left of the midline for the group towards the less skilled end of the continuum than for those towards the more skilled end. Additionally, the less-skilled children were shown to use the right hand more to catch the balls delivered to the left side than did the more skilled children. In Condition 3, objects were placed on the table of the ball-delivery apparatus in order to make the catching action more complicated. The less skilled group were shown to use the right hand more than the left hand in all catching positions whereas the more skilled group showed an equal usage of both catching regimes.
Orthodontic treatment need, outcome and residual treatment need in 15- and 20-year-olds.
Bjerklin, Krister; Lindsten, Rune; Tunge, Jannicke Sagevik; Sjövall, Christine
The aim of the study was to investigate orthodontic treatment need and the outcome of orthodontic treatment in 15-, and 20-year-olds in Jönköping, Sweden, with special reference to residual treatment need. An offer to participate in a clinical investigation was extended to random samples of 130 15-year-olds and 130 20-year-olds. Ninety-six of the 15-year-olds (73.3%; 45 boys and 51 girls) and 82 of the 20-year-olds (62.6%; 47 males and 35 females) accepted and presented for examination The participants filled in a questionnaire and impressions were taken for study models, which were graded according to the ICON index. In all, 39 (40.6%) of the 15-year-olds and 38 (46.3%) of the 20-year-olds had undergone or were currently undergoing orthodontic treatment. Ninety-one per cent of the 15-year-olds and 84% of the 20-year-olds considered that the orthodontic treatment goals had been fully or almost fully attained. Two of the 15-year-olds and two of the 20-year-olds currently wanted orthodontic treatment. This indicates a residual treatment demand of about 2%.
Five-year-olds are willing, but 4-year-olds refuse, to trust informants who offer new and unfamiliar labels for parts of the body.
Luu, Betty; Rosnay, Marc de; Harris, Paul L
This study employed the selective trust paradigm to examine how children interpret novel labels when compared with labels they already know to be accurate or inaccurate within the biological domain. The participants--3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds (N=144)--were allocated to one of three conditions. In the accurate versus inaccurate condition, one informant labeled body parts correctly, whereas the other labeled them incorrectly (e.g., calling an eye an "arm"). In the accurate versus novel condition, one informant labeled body parts accurately, whereas the other provided novel labels (e.g., calling an eye a "roke"). Finally, in the inaccurate versus novel condition, one informant labeled body parts incorrectly, whereas the other offered novel labels. In subsequent test trials, the two informants provided conflicting labels for unfamiliar internal organs. In the accurate versus inaccurate condition, children sought and endorsed labels from the accurate informant. In the accurate versus novel condition, only 4- and 5-year-olds preferred the accurate informant, whereas 3-year-olds did not selectively prefer either informant. In the inaccurate versus novel condition, only 5-year-olds preferred the novel informant, whereas 3- and 4-year-olds did not demonstrate a selective preference. Results are supportive of previous studies suggesting that 3-year-olds are sensitive to inaccuracy and that 4-year-olds privilege accuracy. However, 3- and 4-year-olds appear to be unsure as to how the novel informant should be construed. In contrast, 5-year-olds appreciate that speakers offering new information are more trustworthy than those offering inaccurate information, but they are cautious in judging such informants as being "better" at providing that information.
One-Year-Olds Warn Others about Negative Action Outcomes
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Knudsen, Birgit; Liszkowski, Ulf
Warning others is a paradigm case of communicative helping and prospective action understanding. The current study addressed the ontogeny of warning in infants' gestural communication. We found that 12- and 18-month-olds ("n" = 84) spontaneously warned an adult by pointing out to her an aversive object hidden in her way…
Study on Growth Rhythm of Juveniles Cistolemmys Flavomarginata for One and Two Years Old
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Huang, Bin
Growth of one and two year old Cistolemmys flavomarginata is studied. In natural temperature and under artificial feeding condition, juvenile turtles grow for 180 days in Xinyang, one year old turtle average body weight increased from 18.1 g to 54.5 g, the relative growth rate is 204.1%, the absolute growth rate is 0.21. two year old turtle average body weight increased from 46.8 g to 101.1 g, the relative growth rate is 115.98%, the absolute growth rate is 0.30. But two year old turtle growth rate is slower than that of one year old turtle. The body weight, carapace length, carapace width, plastron length, plastron width and carapace high are correlated positively to daily age. The body weight growth equations of one and two year old turtles are deduced. Compared with other reptiles, whole growth cycle is grasped systemically by the growth patterns.
Employment of Minors. A Guide for 14- through 17-year-olds, Their Parents and Employers.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Oregon State Bureau of Labor and Industry, Portland.
This guide on the employment of minors is intended for 14- through 17-year olds, their parents, and employers. It first lists requirements for employers who hire minors. Then it lists the jobs that 14- and 15-year-old workers can do, both the types of businesses that would hire them and examples of the kinds of jobs that 14- and 15-year-olds may…
Story Contexts Increase Susceptibility to the DRM Illusion in 5-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dewhurst, Stephen A.; Pursglove, Rhian C.; Lewis, Charlie
False recognition in children aged 5, 8, and 11 years was investigated using the standard version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) procedure and an alternative version in which the DRM stimuli were embedded in stories designed to emphasize their overall theme. Relative to the 8- and 11-year-olds, the 5-year-olds falsely recognized fewer…
Teaching Four-Year-Olds: A Personal Journey.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hillman, Carol B.
This book relates the personal and professional experiences of a nursery school teacher over the course of an entire school year, focusing on ways that early childhood educators can improve their teaching through self-reflection. Individual chapters address the end of summer and the preparation for the new school year, home visits, setting up the…
The Good Old Summertime in Public Two-Year Colleges.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Young, Raymond J.
Describes a study conducted to determine the relationship between selected characteristics of summer sessions/terms in public two-year colleges and enrollment, location, type of institution, organizational structure, and level of integration of summer terms with year-round operations. The study also investigated the characteristics, attitudes, and…
Physical Activity during Winter in Old-Old Women Associated with Physical Performance after One Year: A Prospective Study.
Mizumoto, Atsushi; Ihira, Hikaru; Makino, Keitaro; Saitoh, Shigeyuki; Ohnishi, Hirofumi; Furuna, Taketo
Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the decline of physical activity during winter influences physical performances (after 1 year) in old-old women. Methods. Fifty-three Japanese women (mean age: 78.4 ± 3.2 years) participated in this study. Data of physical activity was collected by using an accelerometer at baseline and 3-month follow-up, and participants who decreased step counts in this period were defined as declining groups. We measured grip strength, knee extensor strength, total length of the center of gravity, hip walking distance, and maximum walking speed to evaluate physical performances at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Repeated-measures analysis of variance determined the difference in physical performance between declining groups and maintenance group with maintained or improved step counts. Results. Daily step counts for 22 older women (41.5%) decreased during winter. A statistically significant interaction effect between group and time was found for maximum walking speed (F(1,50) = 5.23, p = 0.03). Post hoc comparisons revealed that walking speed in the maintenance group significantly increased compared with baseline (p = 0.01); the declining group showed no significant change (p = 0.44). Conclusion. Change of physical activity during winter influences the physical performance level after 1 year in community-dwelling old-old women, particularly its effect on maximum walking speed. PMID:26185495
Dietary survey in 40-year-old Edinburgh men.
Thomson, M; Logan, R L; Sharman, M; Lockerbie, L; Riemersma, R A; Oliver, M F
One hundred and seven healthy 40-yr-old Edinburgh men were asked to participate in a dietary survey involving a 7-d weighed record. Ninety seven successfully completed the record. The results showed that the total energy was made up of 13 per cent protein, 38 per cent fat, 40 per cent carbohydrate and 9 per cent alcohol. A small proportion of the men had exceptionally high alcohol intakes. The mean intake of fat was high, 121 g, it is nevertheless lower than amounts consumed in other areas of Britain. Of the energy from fat, 16 per cent came from saturated-fatty acid, 15 per cent from monounsaturated-fatty acid and 4 per cent from polyunsaturated-fatty acid. Linoleic acid contributed 3 per cent of the mean energy intake. In some mens' diet this essential fatty acid provided under 2 per cent of their total energy consumption.
Lyme arthritis in a 12-year-old patient after a latency period of 5 years.
Albert, S; Schulze, J; Riegel, H; Brade, V
Lyme arthritis (LA) may be confused with other rheumatic diseases, particularly in the absence of a history of erythema migrans (EM). We report the case of a 12-year-old patient who developed a large effusion of the right knee joint. The titer for antinuclear antibodies was 1:80 and the test for rheumatoid factor was negative. Investigations for antibody response to Borrelia burgdorferi demonstrated remarkable elevation of IgG antibody and no specific IgM response. These results were confirmed by immunoblotting reactivity with the bands p83/100, p58, p43, p41, p39, OspA, p30, OspC, p21, and p17. We subsequently learned that the child had suffered a tick bite followed by an EM 5 years earlier and had been treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole at that time. The patient now was given intravenous ceftriaxone, 2 g daily for 14 days. In the absence of clinical improvement 3 weeks later a knee joint aspiration was performed which resulted in a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for B. burgdorferi DNA (OspA) in the synovial fluid. The patient fully recovered 2 months later without further treatment. The case indicates that the latency period between EM and onset of LA may last up to 5 years. In addition to serologic test methods, analysis of synovial fluid using PCR may be decisive for making the final diagnosis of LA.
[Primary retroperitoneal cyst in a 21-year-old woman].
Thunedborg, L P; Rudnicki, P M
A case of primary retroperitoneal cyst in a woman aged 21 years is presented. The cyst, which contained 6.5 litres, was treated by total excision. The diagnosis, treatment and classification are briefly described.
Cerebral infarction in a 24-year-old pilot.
Ohashi, Koichiro; Nakanishi, Kuniaki; Miyajima, Daijiro; Fukushima, Koji; Shirotani, Toshiki; Kuwamura, Keiichi; Tong, Andrew
Ischemic stroke is a rare event in young adults. We report on a 24-yr-old pilot with cerebral infarction of undetermined etiology, temporally associated with chain smoking. The patient exhibited dysphasia, stupor (confused consciousness), and right facial-nerve palsy. Computed-tomography revealed a low-density area in the left insular cortex. Cerebroangiography showed severe stenosis in a branch of the left middle cerebral artery. After admission, the patient made a rapid and uneventful recovery within 72 h. MRI showed an area of hyperintensity on T2-weighted images 2 mo after the attack. Based on the hyperintense area on FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence) images obtained in MRI performed 10 mo after the attack, we diagnosed a cerebral infarction. In the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, cerebral infarction is an aeromedically disqualifying condition. However, in the evaluation 2 mo after the attack, differentiation from reversible ischemic neurological deficit was difficult. We discuss the criteria used for diagnosis and the risk factors for cerebral infarction in young adults, as well as the aeromedical disposition of young pilots.
Cerebral infarction in a 24-year-old pilot.
Ohashi, Koichiro; Nakanishi, Kuniaki; Miyajima, Daijiro; Fukushima, Koji; Shirotani, Toshiki; Kuwamura, Keiichi; Tong, Andrew
Ischemic stroke is a rare event in young adults. We report on a 24-yr-old pilot with cerebral infarction of undetermined etiology, temporally associated with chain smoking. The patient exhibited dysphasia, stupor (confused consciousness), and right facial-nerve palsy. Computed-tomography revealed a low-density area in the left insular cortex. Cerebroangiography showed severe stenosis in a branch of the left middle cerebral artery. After admission, the patient made a rapid and uneventful recovery within 72 h. MRI showed an area of hyperintensity on T2-weighted images 2 mo after the attack. Based on the hyperintense area on FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence) images obtained in MRI performed 10 mo after the attack, we diagnosed a cerebral infarction. In the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, cerebral infarction is an aeromedically disqualifying condition. However, in the evaluation 2 mo after the attack, differentiation from reversible ischemic neurological deficit was difficult. We discuss the criteria used for diagnosis and the risk factors for cerebral infarction in young adults, as well as the aeromedical disposition of young pilots. PMID:14556575
Effect of Core Training on 16 Year-Old Soccer Players
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Afyon, Yakup Akif
Core trainings have been widely used by trainers recently in order to improve performance of soccer players. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of core training on some motoric capabilities of 16 years old soccer players. Thirty certified soccer players who were 16 years old from B.B. Bodrumspor Club in 2013-2014…
Five- to Twelve-Year-Olds' Control of Movement Velocity in a Dynamic Collision Avoidance Task
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
te Velde, Arenda F.; van der Kamp, John; Savelsbergh, Geert J. P.
We investigated age-related differences in a dynamic collision avoidance task that bears a resemblance to pedestrian road crossing. Five- to seven-year-old children, ten- to twelve-year-old children and adults were instructed to push a doll across a small-scale road between two toy vehicles, which approached one after the other. We analysed the…
Perception and Production of Lexical Tones by 3-Year-Old, Mandarin-Speaking Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wong, Puisan; Schwartz, Richard G.; Jenkins, James J.
The present study investigated 3-year-old children's perception and production of Mandarin lexical tones in monosyllabic words. Thirteen 3-year-old, Mandarin-speaking children participated in the study. Tone perception was examined by a picture-pointing task, and tone production was investigated by picture naming. To compare children's productions…
Social Context Effects in 2- and 4-Year-Olds' Selective versus Faithful Imitation
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Yu, Yue; Kushnir, Tamar
This study asked whether children's tendency to imitate selectively (ignore causally unnecessary actions) versus faithfully ("overimitate" causally unnecessary actions) varies across ages and social contexts. In the first experiment, 2-year-olds and 4-year-olds were randomly assigned to play 1 of 3 prior games with a demonstrator: a…
Early Number and Arithmetic Performance of Ecuadorian 4-5-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bojorque, Gina; Torbeyns, Joke; Moscoso, Jheni; Van Nijlen, Daniël; Verschaffel, Lieven
This study aimed at (a) constructing a reliable and valid test to assess Ecuadorian 4-5-year olds' number and arithmetic skills; (b) providing empirical data on Ecuadorian 4-5-year olds' number and arithmetic skills; and (c) confronting these children's actual performances with the performances expected by national experts in this domain. We…
Four- and Six-Year-Olds Use Pragmatic Competence to Guide Word Learning
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Vazquez, Maria D.; Delisle, Sarah S.; Saylor, Megan M.
The present study investigates whether four- and six-year-old children use pragmatic competence as a criterion for learning from someone else. Specifically, we ask whether children use others' adherence to Gricean maxims to determine whether they will offer valid labels for novel objects. Six-year-olds recognized adherence to the maxims of…
[Odynophagia, fever and rash in a 33 year-old woman].
Priego Artero, M; Roca Saumell, C; López-Cacho, F; Monzón, C
Hand-Foot-Mouth disease is a viral exanthematous disease primarily caused by Coxsackie virus that mainly affects children under 10 years-old during the spring or summer. It is a rare disease in adults, and rarer still in the immunocompetent. We report the case of a 33-year-old immunocompetent adult affected bys Hand Foot Mouth disease. PMID:24034766
Brief Report: Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds (STAT): Development and Preliminary Data.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Stone, Wendy L.; Coonrod, Elaine E.; Ousley, Opal Y.
A study examined the validity of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds (STAT) as a stage 2 screening instrument in a clinic-based sample of two-year-olds with autism (n=12) and with nonautistic developmental disorders (n=21). Results provide preliminary support for the utility of the STAT as an early screening of autism. (Contains…
Changes in Early Childhood: Public School Programs for 4-Year-Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lawler, S. Dianne; Boals, Beverly M.
Education programs for 4-year-olds may offer unique opportunities for the growth of services for young children. Currently, the role of state departments of education in preschool instruction is evolving; no single approach to public school programming for 4-year-olds exists. Approximately two-thirds of the 28 state and District of Columbia early…
The Young Child Learns: A Guide for Four-Year-Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Corpus Christi Independent School District, TX.
The purpose of this teaching guide is to orient preschool teachers to the unique needs and abilities of the four-year-old child and to offer a suggested program of pre-kindergarten activities. Specific capabilities characteristic of the four-year-old are listed, followed by the scope of the preschool program in the areas of cognitive development,…
The Semiotic Landscape and 3-Year-Olds' Emerging Understanding of Multimodal Communication Practices
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Yamada-Rice, Dylan
This article considers the impact of the increasing use of the visual mode in texts found in urban landscapes on two 3-year-olds' understanding of communication practices. The data discussed are taken from a study into a group of 3- to 6-year-olds' interaction with and emerging comprehension of the visual mode and its connection to…
Creating a Community Approach to Serving Four-Year-Old Children in Wisconsin. Public Awareness Packet.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Landsverk, Ruth Anne
The Wisconsin Forces for Four-Year-Olds Project promotes the community approach to offering universal access to quality care and learning services for Wisconsin 4-year-olds. Based on the view that quality early education opportunities have life-long benefits for children and the communities in which they live, this public awareness packet…
Creating a Child-Centered Day Care Environment for Two-Year-Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
King, Margaret A.; And Others
Noting that when planning a program for 2-year-olds, it is important for the teacher to consider the developmental levels and interests of the children, this book offers teachers a practical guide for working with 2-year-olds in a child care setting. The 15 chapters focus on the following areas: (1) designing a flexible and responsive environment…
Preschoolers Teach the National Standards: Informances with Four-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kenney, Susan
Four-year-olds are still learning through discovery of materials. They are excited to share what they have been doing with their parents. And although they are capable of working together under the direction of the teacher, they are much more excited to share individually. This article illustrates how family day in the 4-year-old music class can…
Kienböck's disease in a 12-year-old girl.
De Smet, Luc
A case of avascular necrosis of the lunate in a 12-year-old girl is described. Conservative treatment resulted in a clinically normal wrist at three years' follow-up, despite obvious radiological changes.
28 CFR 20.24 - State laws on privacy and security.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
... Section 20.24 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS State and Local Criminal History Record Information Systems § 20.24 State laws on privacy and security. Where a State originating criminal history record information provides for sealing or purging thereof,...
28 CFR 20.24 - State laws on privacy and security.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
... Section 20.24 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS State and Local Criminal History Record Information Systems § 20.24 State laws on privacy and security. Where a State originating criminal history record information provides for sealing or purging thereof,...
28 CFR 20.24 - State laws on privacy and security.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
... Section 20.24 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS State and Local Criminal History Record Information Systems § 20.24 State laws on privacy and security. Where a State originating criminal history record information provides for sealing or purging thereof,...
28 CFR 20.24 - State laws on privacy and security.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
... Section 20.24 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS State and Local Criminal History Record Information Systems § 20.24 State laws on privacy and security. Where a State originating criminal history record information provides for sealing or purging thereof,...
Investigating Persuasive Writing by 9-11 Year Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Beard, Roger; Burrell, Andrew; Homer, Matt
Within research into children's persuasive writing, relatively little work has been done on the writing of advertisements, how such writing develops in the primary school years and the textual features that help to secure this development. Framed within rhetoric, writing and linguistics, an exploratory study was undertaken in which a standardised…
Achievement Motivation and Physical Fitness of 15-Year Old Girls
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Guszkowska, Monika; Rychta, Tadeusz
Study aim: To determine the relations between the general and physical education-specific achievement motivation, and physical fitness of adolescent girls. Material and methods: A group of 52 girls aged 15 years were studied by applying two questionnaires: P-O scale of Widerszal-Bazyl for evaluating the general achievement motivation and Nishida's…
... that it eventually becomes 100% cow's milk. continue Iron Intake It's important to watch out for iron deficiency after kids reaches 1 year of age. ... also can lead to anemia. To help prevent iron deficiency: Limit your child's milk intake to 16- ...
Families of 30-35-Year Olds with Down's Syndrome
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Carr, Janet
Background: The families of a population sample of people with Down's syndrome (DS), and of their non-disabled controls, have been followed since early childhood, and the families have now been seen again as their sons and daughters reached age 30 and 35 years. Methods: A semi-structured interview schedule was used, including items from the…
Soap bubbles: two years old and sixty centimeters in diameter.
Grosse, A V
Soap bubbles of long life (over 2 years) and large size (over 60 centimeters in diameter, 100 liters volume) have been produced from bubble solutions improved by the addition of water-soluble synthetic organic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyoxyethylene. The natural life can be defined as the time it takes for the bubble, if left undisturbed, to contract from the original size to a flat film. PMID:17812083
Perthes disease in a 2-year-old child.
Dhas, Daphne; Viswanath, Aparna; Latimer, Mark David
Perthes disease represents a transient interruption of the blood supply to the femoral head followed by collapse and subsequent remodelling. The majority of cases present between the ages of 4 and 10 years. We report the case of a child who developed a painful right-sided limp some days after his second birthday. The limp was initially interpreted as a transient synovitis of the hip. However, when the limp persisted, further investigations revealed that he had Perthes disease. PMID:25733084
Antoine Lavoisier and the study of respiration: 200 years old.
Stokes, M A
Antoine Lavoisier has been called the father of modern chemistry. From a medical point of view, he introduced the study of respiration and metabolism and so founded biochemistry. With his experiments, our knowledge of how the body works made immense strides forward. Two hundred years ago, he wrote his last authentic and untouched account of his views on respiration, in a letter to Joseph Black in Edinburgh. This opportunity has been taken to briefly review this work and the life of a man who did much to improve our understanding of ourselves. PMID:2003841
Antoine Lavoisier and the study of respiration: 200 years old.
Stokes, M A
Antoine Lavoisier has been called the father of modern chemistry. From a medical point of view, he introduced the study of respiration and metabolism and so founded biochemistry. With his experiments, our knowledge of how the body works made immense strides forward. Two hundred years ago, he wrote his last authentic and untouched account of his views on respiration, in a letter to Joseph Black in Edinburgh. This opportunity has been taken to briefly review this work and the life of a man who did much to improve our understanding of ourselves.
30,000-year-old wild flax fibers.
Kvavadze, Eliso; Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Belfer-Cohen, Anna; Boaretto, Elisabetta; Jakeli, Nino; Matskevich, Zinovi; Meshveliani, Tengiz
A unique finding of wild flax fibers from a series of Upper Paleolithic layers at Dzudzuana Cave, located in the foothills of the Caucasus, Georgia, indicates that prehistoric hunter-gatherers were making cords for hafting stone tools, weaving baskets, or sewing garments. Radiocarbon dates demonstrate that the cave was inhabited intermittently during several periods dated to 32 to 26 thousand years before the present (kyr B.P.), 23 to 19 kyr B.P., and 13 to 11 kyr B.P. Spun, dyed, and knotted flax fibers are common. Apparently, climatic fluctuations recorded in the cave's deposits did not affect the growth of the plants because a certain level of humidity was sustained.
Revisiting the 100 Year Old Radioactivity Lectures of Frederick Soddy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hampton, Christine
Between 1908 and 1922, Frederick Soddy, MA., FRS (Dr. Lee`s Professor of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Univ. of Oxford) published four editions of a compendium of his experimental lectures delivered at the University of Glasgow, under the title ``The Interpretation of Radium, and the Structure of the Atom''. Professor Soddy taught his students about `radium writing' and the emanation of radium. He presented a radium clock designed by Professor Strutt; showed students `Pleochroic Halos'; and described the separation of `ionium' from its isotope, thorium. The process of constructing a cohesive logic to empirical observations of this newly discovered phenomenon of radioactivity was a challenging one. Some aspects did not stand the test of time. However, revisiting these lectures after 100 years gives us fascinating insight into the mental processes of the early pioneers in radioactivity.
EDITORIAL: Nonlinearity is 20 years old in 2008!
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Keating, J. P.; Neishtadt, A. I.
During the past 20 years the journal has published many of the subject-defining papers in the field of nonlinear mathematics and its applications. These have ranged from fundamental developments in the theory of dynamical systems and differential equations to applications in atmospheric dynamics, astrophysics, biology, chemistry, fluid dynamics, networks, quantum chaos and statistical physics, to give just a few examples. The field has changed considerably since the journal was founded. In particular, some applications, once considered little more than wishful thinking, have now matured and spun off to form their own journals, or to find homes in journals that might once have thought them too esoteric or too mathematical. In their place have come exciting new applications for which the fundamental mathematical ideas are still to be developed. Nonlinearity has played a leading role in these developments and we look back with pride. But birthdays are also occasions when one should look forward, and with this in mind, as part of our birthday celebrations, we have commissioned for publication in 2008 a series of short articles, entitled Open Problems, from leading researchers in the field. Each article represents the author's personal selection of some interesting and/or important open problems or conjectures. They are not intended to be systematic lists, or encyclopaedic in coverage, but are, rather, individual perspectives on some of the problems and challenges, large and small, that would be worth solving. Our hope is that these articles will contribute to setting the agenda for the next 20 years, and beyond. We took great pleasure in inviting these articles and hope that readers of Nonlinearity will find them interesting, stimulating, and perhaps, in some cases, even provocative. We certainly look forward to seeing, and maybe even publishing, solutions to the problems they describe!
NASA's Great Observatories May Unravel 400-Year Old Supernova Mystery
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Four hundred years ago, sky watchers, including the famous astronomer Johannes Kepler, best known as the discoverer of the laws of planetary motion, were startled by the sudden appearance of a "new star" in the western sky, rivaling the brilliance of the nearby planets. Kepler's Supernova Remnant Multiple Images of Kepler's Supernova Remnant Modern astronomers, using NASA's three orbiting Great Observatories, are unraveling the mysteries of the expanding remains of Kepler's supernova, the last such object seen to explode in our Milky Way galaxy. When a new star appeared Oct. 9, 1604, observers could use only their eyes to study it. The telescope would not be invented for another four years. A team of modern astronomers has the combined abilities of NASA's Great Observatories, the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and Chandra X-ray Observatory, to analyze the remains in infrared radiation, visible light, and X-rays. Ravi Sankrit and William Blair of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore lead the team. The combined image unveils a bubble-shaped shroud of gas and dust, 14 light-years wide and expanding at 4 million mph. Observations from each telescope highlight distinct features of the supernova, a fast-moving shell of iron-rich material, surrounded by an expanding shock wave sweeping up interstellar gas and dust. Interview with Dr. Ravi Sankrit Interview with Dr. Ravi Sankrit "Multi-wavelength studies are absolutely essential for putting together a complete picture of how supernova remnants evolve," Sankrit said. Sankrit is an associate research scientist, Center for Astrophysical Sciences at Hopkins and lead for HST astronomer observations. "For instance, the infrared data are dominated by heated interstellar dust, while optical and X-ray observations sample different temperatures of gas," Blair added. Blair is a research professor, Physics and Astronomy Department at Hopkins and lead astronomer for SST observations. "A range of
Mastery of Fundamental Movement Skills among 6-Year-Old Flemish Pre-School Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Vandaele, Bart; Cools, Wouter; de Decker, Steve; de Martelaer, Kristine
The purpose of this study was to assess mastery of Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) in 6- to 6.5-year-old Flemish pre-school children. The subjects were 236 6-year-old children (138 boys, 98 girls; mean age 6 years 2.4 months, SD 2.4). Children were individually assessed with the Motoriktest fur Vier- bis Sechsjahrige Kinder (MOT 4-6) in four…
470-Million-year-old black corals from China
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Baliński, Andrzej; Sun, Yuanlin; Dzik, Jerzy
Phosphatic (possibly secondarily phosphatised) remains of antipatharian coralla, previously unknown in the fossil record, occur abundantly in the early Ordovician Fenxiang Formation in the Hubei Province, southern China. Probably two species (and genera) are represented, which differ in spinosity of branches. The more spinose one, Sinopathes reptans, has its lateral spines bearing regular, longitudinally arranged costellae. The early Floian geological age of this finding, about 470 Ma, supports predictions on the timing of anthozoan phylogeny derived from the molecular phylogenetic evidence. Black corals (Antipatharia) are basal to the scleractinians in the Hexacorallia clade, being more derived than sea anemones and the Zoantharia. Based on calibration of the molecular clock with Mesozoic data, the first split of lineages within the scleractinian hexacorals was proposed to take place approximately 425 million years ago. This implies that the origin of Antipatharia should precede this date. They have not been known in the fossil record because of unmineralised skeleton composed primarily of laminar chitin complexed with a protein. Unlike all recent species, the encrusting basal part of the colony dominated in the Ordovician ones and only occasionally erect branches developed, rather chaotically ramified. This presumably plesiomorphic trait seems consistent with ancient geological age and suggests that some problematic fossils from the Late Cambrian may be their, even less-derived, relatives.
NASA's Great Observatories May Unravel 400-Year Old Supernova Mystery
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Four hundred years ago, sky watchers, including the famous astronomer Johannes Kepler, best known as the discoverer of the laws of planetary motion, were startled by the sudden appearance of a "new star" in the western sky, rivaling the brilliance of the nearby planets. Kepler's Supernova Remnant Multiple Images of Kepler's Supernova Remnant Modern astronomers, using NASA's three orbiting Great Observatories, are unraveling the mysteries of the expanding remains of Kepler's supernova, the last such object seen to explode in our Milky Way galaxy. When a new star appeared Oct. 9, 1604, observers could use only their eyes to study it. The telescope would not be invented for another four years. A team of modern astronomers has the combined abilities of NASA's Great Observatories, the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and Chandra X-ray Observatory, to analyze the remains in infrared radiation, visible light, and X-rays. Ravi Sankrit and William Blair of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore lead the team. The combined image unveils a bubble-shaped shroud of gas and dust, 14 light-years wide and expanding at 4 million mph. Observations from each telescope highlight distinct features of the supernova, a fast-moving shell of iron-rich material, surrounded by an expanding shock wave sweeping up interstellar gas and dust. Interview with Dr. Ravi Sankrit Interview with Dr. Ravi Sankrit "Multi-wavelength studies are absolutely essential for putting together a complete picture of how supernova remnants evolve," Sankrit said. Sankrit is an associate research scientist, Center for Astrophysical Sciences at Hopkins and lead for HST astronomer observations. "For instance, the infrared data are dominated by heated interstellar dust, while optical and X-ray observations sample different temperatures of gas," Blair added. Blair is a research professor, Physics and Astronomy Department at Hopkins and lead astronomer for SST observations. "A range of
Gait in 5-year-old children with idiopathic clubfoot
Lööf, Elin; Andriesse, Hanneke; André, Marie; Böhm, Stephanie; Broström, Eva W
Background and purpose Idiopathic clubfoot can be bilateral or unilateral; however, most studies of gait have assessed clubfoot cases as one uniform group. The contralateral foot in children with unilateral clubfoot has shown deviations in pedobarographic measurements, but it is seldom included in studies of gait. We evaluated gait in children with idiopathic clubfoot, concentrating on foot involvement. Patients and methods Three-dimensional gait analyses of 59 children, mean age 5.4 years, with bilateral (n = 30) or unilateral (n = 29) idiopathic clubfoot were stratified into groups of bilateral, unilateral, or contralateral feet. Age-matched controls (n = 28) were evaluated for comparison. Gait assessment included: (1) discrete kinematic and kinetic parameters, and (2) gait deviation index for kinematics (GDI) and kinetics (GDI-k). Results No differences in gait were found between bilateral and unilateral idiopathic clubfoot, but both groups deviated when compared to controls. Compared to control feet, contralateral feet showed no deviations in discrete gait parameters, but discrepancies were evident in relation to unilateral clubfoot, causing gait asymmetries in children with unilateral involvement. However, all groups deviated significantly from control feet according to GDI and GDI-k. Interpretation Bilateral and unilateral idiopathic clubfoot cases show the same persistent deviations in gait, mainly regarding reduced plantarflexion. Nevertheless, knowledge of foot involvement is important as children with unilateral clubfoot show gait asymmetries, which might give an impression of poorer deviations. The results of GDI/GDI-k indicate global gait adaptations of the contralateral foot, so the foot should preferably not be used as a reference for gait. PMID:27331243
Assessing Physicians' Intentions to Talk about Sex when They Vaccinate Nine-Year-Old to 15-Year-Old Girls against HPV
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Askelson, Natoshia M.; Campo, Shelly; Smith, Sandi; Lowe, John B.; Dennis, Leslie; Andsager, Julie
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine provides physicians with an opportunity to have conversations with girls about sex and sex-related topics. Current research suggests that these conversations are not happening. This study was designed to assess whether physicians would use the HPV vaccination as an opening to communicate with nine-year-old to…
Doctors and baldness: a five thousand year old challenge.
Campo, Daniele; D'Acunzo, Valeria
The history of trichology follows a thread that continually intersects with that of the history of medicine in general. Even Hippocrates believed that the approach to baldness should be of a medical nature. This confrontation between doctors and hair loss, which has lasted for five thousand years, begins with the invocations of the head physicians in the Egyptian era and ends with the recent institution of postgraduate Master's degrees at Faculties of Medicine and Surgery. The biggest names in medicine concerned themselves with trichology beginning with Hippocrates, who dealt with the topic in his most famous work: the Aphorisms. Even the most celebrated doctors of the Roman era, such as Galen and Pliny the Elder, did not disdain considering hair loss, leaving important scientific contributions before passing on the baton to their distinguished colleagues of the Byzantine Empire. The narrative then flows through the most prestigious institutions of the Middle Ages, such as the Salerno School of Medicine and the Siena Accademia del Fisiocritici where, at the end of the 1600s, the distinguished anatomical describer Marcello Malpighi also taught trichology, and left his contribution to "Hair Science" with a fine description of the hair follicle in the pages of his Opera Posthuma. At the turn of the late Middle Ages and the early modern era, barbers formed the primordial nucleus of surgery and at the same time became the ones to concern themselves with hair loss. In the 1800s, several doctors published the first texts dealing with the anatomy and physiology of the hair and taking into account the principal forms of alopecia, but at the therapeutic level did not yet propose anything scientifically valid. Until a few decades ago trichology still lent itself to various commercial speculations. It was not until the twentieth century that the pathogenetic mechanisms of baldness were clarified in a scientific manner. With this knowledge, the pharmaceutical industry has been
Doctors and baldness: a five thousand year old challenge.
Campo, Daniele; D'Acunzo, Valeria
The history of trichology follows a thread that continually intersects with that of the history of medicine in general. Even Hippocrates believed that the approach to baldness should be of a medical nature. This confrontation between doctors and hair loss, which has lasted for five thousand years, begins with the invocations of the head physicians in the Egyptian era and ends with the recent institution of postgraduate Master's degrees at Faculties of Medicine and Surgery. The biggest names in medicine concerned themselves with trichology beginning with Hippocrates, who dealt with the topic in his most famous work: the Aphorisms. Even the most celebrated doctors of the Roman era, such as Galen and Pliny the Elder, did not disdain considering hair loss, leaving important scientific contributions before passing on the baton to their distinguished colleagues of the Byzantine Empire. The narrative then flows through the most prestigious institutions of the Middle Ages, such as the Salerno School of Medicine and the Siena Accademia del Fisiocritici where, at the end of the 1600s, the distinguished anatomical describer Marcello Malpighi also taught trichology, and left his contribution to "Hair Science" with a fine description of the hair follicle in the pages of his Opera Posthuma. At the turn of the late Middle Ages and the early modern era, barbers formed the primordial nucleus of surgery and at the same time became the ones to concern themselves with hair loss. In the 1800s, several doctors published the first texts dealing with the anatomy and physiology of the hair and taking into account the principal forms of alopecia, but at the therapeutic level did not yet propose anything scientifically valid. Until a few decades ago trichology still lent itself to various commercial speculations. It was not until the twentieth century that the pathogenetic mechanisms of baldness were clarified in a scientific manner. With this knowledge, the pharmaceutical industry has been
Case Report: Homicide by a 10-Year-Old Girl with Autistic Disorder
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli; Topcu, Zerrin
This case study presents a 10-year-old girl with a diagnosis of Autistic Disorder, who killed her 6-month-old sister by throwing her out of a window. Her aggressive-impulsive behavior had a persistent pattern. She had a history of epilepsy, and was frequently exposed to physical abuse. She never attended a structured treatment program. Here, we…
U-shaped development in math: 7-year-olds outperform 9-year-olds on equivalence problems.
McNeil, Nicole M
What is the nature of the association between age (7-11 years) and performance on mathematical equivalence problems (e.g., 7+4+5+7+_)? Many prevailing theories suggest that there should be a positive association. However, change-resistance accounts (e.g., N. M. McNeil & M. W. Alibali, 2005b) predict a U-shaped association. The purpose of the present research was to test these differing predictions. Results from two studies supported a change-resistance account. In the first study (N=87), performance on equivalence problems declined between the ages of 7 and 9 and improved between the ages of 9 and 11. The decrements in performance between the ages of 7 and 9 were then replicated in a second study (N=35). Results suggest that the association between age and performance on equivalence problems is U-shaped.
An unusual cause of fitting in a 20 year old girl.
Beckett, Daniel; Malins, A; Watson, M L; Kelly, C A
Native renal artery stenosis resulting in hypertensive encephalopathy is exceptionally rare, with only 3 previous case reports in adults. We report such a case in a previously well 20 year old female.
[The case of haemangiofibroma after prolonged intubation in 12-years old child].
Grzegorowski, Michał; Wojnowski, Waldemar; Ryglewicz, Michał
Authors presented a case of haemangiofibroma of larynx after prolonged intubation in 12 years old girl. We pay attention mechanism of larynx injury after prolonged intubation. In our opinion endoscopy is a very valuable method of child larynx examination.
Fatal cerebral haemorrhage in a hypertensive seven-year-old boy.
Brandtner, Herwig; Monticelli, Fabio C; Meyer, Harald J; Biebl, Ariane; Budka, Herbert
A seven-year-old boy died from autopsy-proven brain haemorrhage due to hypertensive vasculopathy. This emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and therapy of hypertension in children. Brain haemorrhage is a potentially fatal complication of paediatric hypertension.
Electrocardiogram in a 39-Year-Old Woman After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.
Glancy, David L
After coronary arterial bypass operation for angina pectoris without prior myocardial infarction, a 39-year-old woman has an electrocardiogram during right ventricular pacing that is highly specific for anterior myocardial infarction. PMID:27328957
An asymptomatic case of a single coronary artery in a 7-year-old girl.
Yaoita, Hisao; Kimura, Masato; Kure, Shigeo
We describe the case of a 7-year-old girl with a single coronary artery. The coronary artery passed between the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery, and an aberrant vessel ran anterior to the latter.
Treatment of a Circadian Rhythm Disturbance in a 2-Year-Old Blind Child.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mindell, J. A.; And Others
The use of sleep scheduling and a daytime routine for the treatment of circadian rhythm disorder was found helpful in decreasing a blind 2-year old's nighttime wake periods and daytime sleepiness. (DB)
Fatal cerebral haemorrhage in a hypertensive seven-year-old boy
Brandtner, Herwig; Monticelli, Fabio C; Meyer, Harald J; Biebl, Ariane
A seven-year-old boy died from autopsy-proven brain haemorrhage due to hypertensive vasculopathy. This emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and therapy of hypertension in children. Brain haemorrhage is a potentially fatal complication of paediatric hypertension.
Persuasion from an Eighteen-Year-Old's Perspective: Perry and Piaget.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dinitz, Sue; Kiedaisch, Jean
Looks at how the theories of William Perry and Jean Piaget explain choices students made in writing persuasive essays. Examines the implications of their theories for teaching persuasion to eighteen-year olds. (SR)
The Three-Year-Old and His Attachment to a Special Soft Object.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Boniface, David; Graham, Philip
Mothers of 702 three year olds were asked about the use by their children of a special soft object in situations of distress and at bedtime. Object usage was then related to the children's levels of independence. (CM)
Adding up Hurricane Patricia's Rainfall from Space (Oct 20-24)
NASA/JAXA's GPM data showed Patricia's highest rainfall totals over 409 mm (16.1 inches) from Oct. 20-24. Rain totals of over 203 mm (8 inches) were located where Patricia made landfall. During tha...
28 CFR 20.24 - State laws on privacy and security.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
... Local Criminal History Record Information Systems § 20.24 State laws on privacy and security. Where a State originating criminal history record information provides for sealing or purging thereof,...
The Social Development of Two Year Old Children in Residential Nurseries.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tizard, Jack; Tizard, Barbara
This study focuses upon some aspects of the social behavior of 2-year-old children being reared in long-stay residential nurseries. These children are compared with working class 2-year-old children being raised in two-parent homes in which the mother is not working full-time and there are no older siblings of preschool age. All children were…
Thirty-year follow-up at pneumonectomy of a 58-year-old survivor of disseminated osteosarcoma.
Jelinek, George A; Gawler, Ruth H
A 1978 case report in the Journal described a 25-year-old man with disseminated osteogenic sarcoma whose metastases regressed after treatment with diet and intensive meditation. Thirty years later, there has been no recurrence of his cancer, and a recent pneumonectomy for chronic bronchiectasis revealed mature cancellous bone in the resected lung. The man is otherwise well.
Changes in Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviours over a School-Year: Differences between 6-Year-Old Boys and Girls
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hammarberg, Annie; Hagekull, Berit
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in externalizing and internalizing problem behaviours in 6-year-olds with a focus on sex differences. Teachers rated problem behaviours at the beginning and at the end of the school year, 8 months apart, in 370 children (197 boys and 173 girls) attending 22 school preparatory classrooms.…
Thirty-year follow-up at pneumonectomy of a 58-year-old survivor of disseminated osteosarcoma.
Jelinek, George A; Gawler, Ruth H
A 1978 case report in the Journal described a 25-year-old man with disseminated osteogenic sarcoma whose metastases regressed after treatment with diet and intensive meditation. Thirty years later, there has been no recurrence of his cancer, and a recent pneumonectomy for chronic bronchiectasis revealed mature cancellous bone in the resected lung. The man is otherwise well. PMID:19061466
Opening and Closing Interactive Spaces: Shaping Four-Year-Old Children's Participation in Two English Settings
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Payler, Jane
This paper draws on an ESRC-funded study (Payler, 2005) of the sociocultural influences on learning processes of 10 four-year-old children in their second year of the Foundation Stage in England (DfEE, 2000). The children, very close in age, were in one of two early years settings: a pre-school playgroup with a largely invisible pedagogy…
Motor Competence Is Associated with Physical Fitness in Four- to Six-Year-Old Preschool Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sigmundsson, Hermundur; Haga, Monika
The health benefits of a physical active lifestyle and physical fitness from a young age are widely recognized as beneficial. This study examined the relationship between physical fitness and motor competence in children aged four- to six-years-old. A sample of 42 children (mean age 5.15 years, SD 0.56 year) participated in the study. To assess…
Successful Aging in a 70-Year-Old Man with Down Syndrome: A Case Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Krinsky-McHale, Sharon J.; Devenny, Darlynne A.; Gu, Hong; Jenkins, Edmund C.; Kittler, Phyllis; Murty, Vundavalli V.; Schupf, Nicole; Scotto, Luigi; Tycko, Benjamin; Urv, Tiina K.; Ye, Lingling; Zigman, Warren B.; Silverman, Wayne
The authors present a case study of a 70-year-old man with Down syndrome ("Mr. C.") who they followed for 16 years and who does not exhibit declines in cognitive or functional capacities indicative of dementia, despite having well-documented, complete trisomy 21. The authors describe the age-associated changes that occurred over 16 years as well…
Speed and agility of 12- and 14-year-old elite male basketball players.
Jakovljevic, Sasa T; Karalejic, Milivoje S; Pajic, Zoran B; Macura, Marija M; Erculj, Frane F
The aims of this study were (a) to identify and compare the speed and agility of 12- and 14-year-old elite male basketball players and (b) to investigate relations between speed and agility for both age groups of basketball players, to help coaches to improve their work. Sixty-four players aged 12 (M = 11.98 years, SD = 0.311) and 54 players aged 14 (M = 14.092 years, SD = 0.275) were tested. Three agility tests: agility t-test, zigzag agility drill, and agility run 4 × 15 m and 3 speed tests: 20-m run, 30-m run, and 50-m run were applied. Fourteen-year-old players achieved significantly better results in all speed and agility tests compared with 12-year-old players. The correlation coefficient (r = 0.81, p = 0.001) showed that 12-year-old players have the same ability in the 30- and 50-m runs. The other correlation coefficient (r = 0.59, p = 0.001) indicated that 20- and 30-m runs had inherently different qualities. The correlation coefficients between agility tests were <0.71, and therefore, each test in this group represents a specific task. In 14-year-old players, the correlation coefficients between the speed test results were <0.71. In contrast, the correlation coefficients between the agility tests were >0.71, which means that all the 3 tests represent the same quality. During the speed training of 12-year-old players, it is advisable to focus on shorter running distances, up to 30 m. During the agility training of the same players, it is useful to apply exercises with various complexities. In speed training of the 14-year-old players, the 30- and 50-m runs should be applied, and agility training should include more specific basketball movements and activities.
An 87-year-old patient with repeated oligorecurrences over six years whose disease were treated with radiotherapy alone
In the clinical state of oligometastases or oligorecurrence, a transitional state between localized and widespread systemic disease, local control of the disease may yield improved systemic control. Radiotherapy may be a good means for controlling oligometastatic tumors, particularly in very old patients for whom surgery may be infeasible. A combination of systemic therapy and local therapy is necessary to prevent systemic progression. Some kinds of cancers found in the elderly are known to be somewhat indolent for systemic progression. So, for very old patients who refuse or cannot tolerate chemotherapy, the use of radical radiotherapy alone to treat oligorecurrences may be very helpful. We successfully treated an 87-year-old patient who had been diagnosed with oligorecurrences three times over six years with radiotherapy alone. The patient is now, about four years after his first radiotherapy for liver metastasis, alive without any evidence of cancer and with fully active performance status. PMID:25568856
Is transurethral resection of the prostate safe and effective in the over 80-year-old?
Brierly, R. D.; Mostafid, A. H.; Kontothanassis, D.; Thomas, P. J.; Fletcher, M. S.; Harrison, N. W.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients over 80 years old. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of all patients over 80 years old undergoing TURP at one institution over a 3.5-year period were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: 31% of patients underwent TURP for symptoms and 68% for urinary retention. The early complication rate was 41%. The late complication rate was 22%. There were no deaths within 30 days of surgery. Of all patients, 80% were satisfied with the outcome of their operation. Of all patients with retention, 80% were able to void with small residual volumes by 6 weeks after operation. CONCLUSIONS: Although TURP in the over 80-year-old male is associated with significant morbidity, it is an effective treatment for urinary symptoms or retention. The majority of patients are able to void afterwards and are satisfied with the outcome of their surgery. PMID:11212452
The First Report of Fetal Alcohol Effect in a 12 Year-Old Child in Korea
Ahn, Dong Hyun; Lee, Young Jin; An, Ho Young; Ahn, Joon Ho
We present the first report of fetal alcohol effect in a 12 year-old child in Korea. The mother had consumed 162 g of alcohol per week continuously during pregnancy. His first febrile seizure occurred before he was 1 year old, and became more frequent 2 years later. He started showing signs of right paraplegia when he was 3.5 years old and brain MRI revealed periventricular leucomalacia near the left ventricle. He was microcephalic and his growth was retarded. He was irritable, impatient, impulsive, and inattentive, and showed disinterest in school activities and aggressive and dangerous behavior. After the diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder was made, psychopharmacological treatment and family support was initiated. After 10 months, he still had intermittent ideas of reference, although the aggressive behavior, inattentiveness, and impulsivity had improved. Using this case study, we stress the importance of maternal alcohol history in patients with these characteristics. PMID:20046374
Enhancing the executive functions of 3-year-olds in the dimensional change card sort task
Perone, Sammy; Molitor, Stephen; Buss, Aaron T.; Spencer, John P.; Samuelson, Larissa K.
Executive functions (EFs) enable flexible thinking, something young children are notoriously bad at. For instance, in the dimensional change card sort (DCCS) task, 3-year-olds can sort cards by one dimension (shape), but continue to sort by this dimension when asked to switch (to color). This study tests a prediction of a Dynamic Neural Field (DNF) model that prior experience with the post-switch dimension can enhance 3-year-old's performance in the DCCS task. In Experiment 1A, a matching game was used to pre-expose 3-year-olds (n=36) to color. This facilitated switching from sorting by shape to color. In Experiment 1B, 3-year-olds (n=18) were pre-exposed to shape. This did not facilitate switching from sorting by color to shape. The DNF model was used to provide a mechanistic explanation for this asymmetry. PMID:25441395
[Extracranial aneurysm of the carotid artery in a 12-year-old girl].
Pourhassan, S; Grotemeyer, D; Heinen, W; Ramp, U; Heusch, A; Sandmann, W
Extracranial aneurysms of the carotid artery in childhood are rare, and we found just nine cases described in the literature within the last 20 years. We report on the clinical appearance, diagnosis, and therapy of a carotid artery aneurysm in a 12-year-old girl and review the literature.
Bordetella holmesii meningitis in a 12-year-old anorectic girl.
Van Balen, Tessa; Nieman, An-Emmie; Hermans, Mirjam H A; Schneeberger, Peter M; de Vries, Esther
We describe a 12-year-old anorectic girl with Bordetella holmesii meningitis, the techniques used for its identification, and minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics for 7 B. Holmesii strains collected in the Netherlands during the past 12 years. B. holmesii meningitis has not been previously reported.
Speech Characteristics of 8-Year-Old Children: Findings from a Prospective Population Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wren, Yvonne; McLeod, Sharynne; White, Paul; Miller, Laura L.; Roulstone, Sue
Speech disorder that continues into middle childhood is rarely studied compared with speech disorder in the early years. Speech production in single words, connected speech and nonword repetition was assessed for 7390 eight-year-old children within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The majority (n=6399) had typical…
Interest and Agency in 2- and 3-Year-Olds' Participation in Emergent Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rowe, Deborah Wells; Neitzel, Carin
This study investigated 2- and 3-year-olds' personal interests as a possible source of variation in preschool writing activities. Structured observations of the play behaviors of 11 preschool children in a childcare classroom were conducted one to two days per week for one school year. These data were analyzed to determine choices of play…
Development of Inferencing Skills in 5 to 7 Year Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Anne, V.; Ramasamy, K.
The present study investigated the development of inferencing in five to seven year old children. The subjects consisted of thirty typically developing children of five, six and seven years, distributed into three groups of ten. Four sets of material were prepared and for each two types of questions were constructed. The questions being of literal…
Profiles of School Readiness among Four-Year-Old Head Start Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Halle, Tamara G.; Hair, Elizabeth C.; Wandner, Laura D.; Chien, Nina C.
This study uses the Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES) data from 1997 to investigate the degree to which child, family, classroom, teacher, and Head Start program characteristics are related to children's school readiness and continued development over the four-year-old Head Start year. Latent class analyses were used to examine the…
The Prevention of Depression in 8- to 9-Year-Old Children: A Pilot Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rooney, Rosanna; Roberts, Clare; Kane, Robert; Pike, Lisbeth; Winsor, Amber; White, Julia; Brown, Annette
The outcomes of a new universal program aimed at preventing depressive symptoms and disorders in 8- to 9-year-old children are presented. The Positive Thinking Program is a mental health promotion program based on cognitive and behavioural strategies. It is designed to meet the developmental needs of children in the middle primary school Years 4…
Pharmacotherapy of Aggression in a 9-Year-Old with ADHD
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Findling, Robert L.; Newcorn, Jeffrey H.; Malone, Richard P.; Waheed, Ayesha; Prince, Jefferson B.; Kratochvil, Christopher J.
A 9-year-old boy presents for assessment and treatment of his reactive, impulsive aggressive behavior that has been present for approximately 2 years. Six months ago, his pediatrician started treatment with OROS methylphenidate (MPH), which was titrated to 36 mg/day. There was moderate improvement in symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity…
Hearty Habits. Don't Eat Your Heart Out. 15-18 Year Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst. (DHHS/NIH), Bethesda, MD.
The purpose of this illustrated guide is to teach 15-18 year old students that all healthy Americans, 2 years of age or older, should eat in a way that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol to help reduce the risk of heart disease. The theme reflected throughout the manual is that changes in eating patterns help lower blood cholesterol levels…
Effects of Two Modes of Exercise Training on Physical Fitness of 10 Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ribeiro, Ligia G. dos Santos Chaves; Portal, Maria de Nazare Dias; da Silva, Joao Bittencourt; Saraiva, Alan; da Cruz Monte, Gerson, Jr.; Dantas, Estelio H. M.
Study aim: To compare two exercise training modes on the physical fitness of 10 year-old children. Material and methods: A sample of 60 schoolboys aged 10 years were randomly divided into 3 groups: Traditional (TG), trained according to the Brazilian national curricular parameters, Maturational (MG), in which the degree of difficulty of the…
Deliberate Self-Harm by under-15-Year-Olds: Characteristics, Trends and Outcome
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hawton, Keith; Harriss, Louise
Background: Relatively little information is available about the characteristics and long-term outcome of children and adolescents aged under 15 years who present to general hospitals because of deliberate self-harm (DSH). Method: Information was collected on 710 consecutive under-15-year-olds presenting to a general hospital in central England…
A 57-Year-Old Man With Insidious Dyspnea and Nonpleuritic Chest and Back Pain.
Nakamura, Kenta; Alba, George A; Scheske, Jonathan A; Meyersohn, Nandini M; Stone, James R; Vlahakes, Gus J; Wright, Cameron D; Ghoshhajra, Brian B; Dudzinski, David M
A 57-year-old man with a history of DVT and pulmonary embolism, transient ischemic attacks, prior 60 pack-year smoking history, and oxygen-dependent COPD presented with insidiously worsening dyspnea associated with new pleuritic chest and back pain. PMID:27502992
Allocation of Resources to Collaborators and Free-Riders in 3-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Melis, Alicia P.; Altrichter, Kristin; Tomasello, Michael
Recent studies have shown that in situations where resources have been acquired collaboratively, children at around 3 years of age share mostly equally. We investigated 3-year-olds' sharing behavior with a collaborating partner and a free-riding partner who explicitly expressed her preference not to collaborate. Children shared more equally with…
Eating With Your Heart In Mind: 7 to 10 Year Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst. (DHHS/NIH), Bethesda, MD.
The purpose of this brightly illustrated guide is to teach 7-10 year old children that all healthy Americans, 2 years of age or older, should eat in a way that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol so as to help reduce the risk of heart disease. The theme reflected throughout the manual is that changes in eating patterns help lower blood…
Usability of the Primary Measures of Music Audiation (PMMA) with 5-Year-Old Korean Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lee, Jooyoung
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a standardized test of music aptitude developed for American children yields results, which may have valid interpretation when used with 5-year-old Korean children. The specific questions regarding the Primary Measures of Music Audiation (PMMA) norms were: (1) Does PMMA when used with 5-year-old…
Does Chess Training Affect Conceptual Development of Six-Year-Old Children in Turkey?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sigirtmac, Ayperi Dikici
Many studies propose that chess is a game requiring cognitive skills and has positive effects on mental development. In recent years, chess training has also been emphasised as important during the early childhood period. However, no studies have been done with six-year-old children. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not…
Social context effects in 2- and 4-year-olds' selective versus faithful imitation.
Yu, Yue; Kushnir, Tamar
This study asked whether children's tendency to imitate selectively (ignore causally unnecessary actions) versus faithfully (overimitate causally unnecessary actions) varies across ages and social contexts. In the first experiment, 2-year-olds and 4-year-olds were randomly assigned to play 1 of 3 prior games with a demonstrator: a mimicry game, an instrumental game, or a noninteractive control game. They then participated in a puzzle-box imitation task in which the demonstrator performed 1 causally necessary and 1 unnecessary action to retrieve an object. Whereas 4-year-olds imitated faithfully across all conditions, 2-year-olds were more likely to imitate faithfully after a mimicry game and to imitate selectively after an instrumental game. Experiment 2 showed no effect of playing a mimicry game with a different experimenter prior to the imitation trials, thus ruling out 2-year-olds' faithful imitation being the result of motor priming or training effects. The results are discussed in terms of children's social affiliation and social-cognitive inferences.
Visual access trumps gender in 3- and 4-year-old children's endorsement of testimony.
Terrier, Nathalie; Bernard, Stéphane; Mercier, Hugo; Clément, Fabrice
Several studies have investigated how preschoolers weigh social cues against epistemic cues when taking testimony into account. For instance, one study showed that 4- and 5-year-olds preferred to endorse the testimony of an informant who had the same gender as the children; by contrast, when the gender cue conflicted with an epistemic cue--past reliability--the latter trumped the former. None of the previous studies, however, has shown that 3-year-olds can prioritize an epistemic cue over a social cue. In Experiment 1, we offer the first demonstration that 3-year-olds favor testimony from a same-gender informant in the absence of other cues. In Experiments 2 and 3, an epistemic cue-visual access--was introduced. In those experiments, 3- and 4-year-olds endorsed the testimony of the informant with visual access regardless of whether it was a same-gender informant (Experiment 3) or a different-gender informant (Experiment 2). These results demonstrate that 3-year-olds are able to give more weight to an epistemic cue than to a social cue when evaluating testimony.
Social context effects in 2- and 4-year-olds' selective versus faithful imitation.
Yu, Yue; Kushnir, Tamar
This study asked whether children's tendency to imitate selectively (ignore causally unnecessary actions) versus faithfully (overimitate causally unnecessary actions) varies across ages and social contexts. In the first experiment, 2-year-olds and 4-year-olds were randomly assigned to play 1 of 3 prior games with a demonstrator: a mimicry game, an instrumental game, or a noninteractive control game. They then participated in a puzzle-box imitation task in which the demonstrator performed 1 causally necessary and 1 unnecessary action to retrieve an object. Whereas 4-year-olds imitated faithfully across all conditions, 2-year-olds were more likely to imitate faithfully after a mimicry game and to imitate selectively after an instrumental game. Experiment 2 showed no effect of playing a mimicry game with a different experimenter prior to the imitation trials, thus ruling out 2-year-olds' faithful imitation being the result of motor priming or training effects. The results are discussed in terms of children's social affiliation and social-cognitive inferences. PMID:23978298
Children's Judgments of Emotion from Conflicting Cues in Speech: Why 6-Year-Olds Are So Inflexible
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Waxer, Matthew; Morton, J. Bruce
Six-year-old children can judge a speaker's feelings either from content or paralanguage but have difficulty switching the basis of their judgments when these cues conflict. This inflexibility may relate to a lexical bias in 6-year-olds' judgments. Two experiments tested this claim. In Experiment 1, 6-year-olds (n = 40) were as inflexible when…
Mental Health Service Use among 18-Year-Old Adolescent Boys: A Prospective 10-Year Follow-Up Study.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sourander, Andre; Multimaki, Petteri; Santalahti, Paivi; Parkkola, Kai; Haavisto, Antti; Helenius, Hans; Nikolakaros, Georgios; Piha, Jorma; Tamminen, Tuula; Moilanen, Irma; Kumpulainen, Kirsti; Aronen, Eeva T.; Linna, Sirkka-Liisa; Puura, Kaija; Almqvist, Fredrik
Objective: To study prevalence and factors associated with mental health service use among 18-year-old adolescent boys. Method: Predictors at age 8 and factors at age 18 associated with mental health service use during the preceding 12 months were studied in a general population sample of 2,316 Finnish boys born in 1981 attending military call-up…
Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Spinal Motor Control Between 11- and 15-Year-Old Children.
Chow, Daniel H; Lau, Newman M
Spinal motor control can provide substantial insight for the causes of spinal musculoskeletal disorders. Its dynamic characteristics however, have not been fully investigated. The objective of this study is to explore the dynamic characteristics of spinal motor control via the fractional Brownian motion mathematical technique. Spinal curvatures and repositioning errors of different spinal regions in 64 children age 11- or 15-years old during upright stance were measured and compared for the effects of age and gender. With the application of the fractional Brownian motion analytical technique to the changes of spinal curvatures, distinct persistent movement behaviors could be determined, which could be interpreted physiologically as open-loop behaviors. Moreover, it was found that the spinal motor control of 15-year-old children was better than that of 11-year-old children with smaller repositioning error and less curvature variability as well as shorter response time and smaller curvature deformation.
Resource allocation to kin, friends, and strangers by 3- to 6-year-old children.
Lu, Hui Jing; Chang, Lei
Kin altruism has been widely observed across species, including humans. However, few studies have discussed the development of kin altruism or its relationship with theory of mind. In this study, 3- to 6-year-old children allocated resources between themselves and kin, a friend, or a stranger in three allocation tasks where the allocation either incurred a cost, incurred no cost, or conferred a disadvantage. The results showed that, compared with 3- and 4-year-olds, 5- and 6-year-olds acted more altruistically toward kin and that kin altruism was uncorrelated with theory of mind. These findings suggest that, within the context of resource allocation, kin altruism emerges toward the end of early childhood and probably differs from other prosocial behavior that relies solely on the understanding of others' perspectives.
Resource allocation to kin, friends, and strangers by 3- to 6-year-old children.
Lu, Hui Jing; Chang, Lei
Kin altruism has been widely observed across species, including humans. However, few studies have discussed the development of kin altruism or its relationship with theory of mind. In this study, 3- to 6-year-old children allocated resources between themselves and kin, a friend, or a stranger in three allocation tasks where the allocation either incurred a cost, incurred no cost, or conferred a disadvantage. The results showed that, compared with 3- and 4-year-olds, 5- and 6-year-olds acted more altruistically toward kin and that kin altruism was uncorrelated with theory of mind. These findings suggest that, within the context of resource allocation, kin altruism emerges toward the end of early childhood and probably differs from other prosocial behavior that relies solely on the understanding of others' perspectives. PMID:27336694
Effects of a Full-Day Preschool Program on 4-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Herry, Yves; Maltais, Claire; Thompson, Katherine
This study explored the effects of a full-day preschool program on 4-year-old children. The study compared the development of a group of children (N = 403) who attended the preschool program on a half-day basis during the 1999-2000 school year (the last year the half-day program was in place) with the development of a group of children (N = 418)…
Relationship between general and specific coordination in 8- to 17-year-old male basketball players.
Kamandulis, Sigitas; Venckūnas, Tomas; Masiulis, Nerijus; Matulaitis, Kestutis; Balciūnas, Mindaugas; Peters, Derek; Skurvydas, Albertas
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships between general coordination, sport-specific coordination, and sport-specific fitness of 8- to 17-year-old male basketball players. 312 males with training experience ranging from one year in the 8-year-old cohort up to 10 years for the 17-year-olds performed basketball-specific fitness (20 m sprint, Illinois, countermovement jump), general coordination (20 m run with three obstacles), semi-basketball-specific coordination (20 m sprint dribbling two balls, countermovement jump with arm swing) and basketball-specific coordination (Illinois ball dribbling) tests. There were moderate to large correlations between the results of both general and basketball-specific coordination with the results of most basketball-specific coordination tests in all age groups. Correlations between general and basketball-specific coordination were large in four age groups (11-14 yr., r = .52 to r = .76), moderate in five groups (8-10, 15 & 16 yr., r = .37 to r = .46), while not significant in the 17-year-olds. These results suggest that the importance of general coordination for sport-specific skills improvements during a sports-specific skill acquisition phase, remains high at the skill refinement phase, and decreases when sport-specific skills have been mastered to near-perfection.
A Case of Premature Ovarian Failure in a 33-Year-Old Woman
Colao, Emma; Granata, Teresa; Vismara, Marco F. M.; Bombardiere, Francesco; Nocera, Donatella; Luciano, Elisa; Perrotti, Nicola; Malatesta, Paola
Objective. To assess aetiology of a POF in a 33-year-old woman and, if possible, plan a cure. Design. Case report. Setting. medical genetics diagnostic unit in a university hospital. Patient. A 33-year-old woman with premature ovarian failure (POF). Intervention(s). Genetic counseling, karyotyping, FISH study. Result(s). Turner-like diagnosis. Conclusion(s). Most cases of POF remain idiopathic. Turner syndrome can occur in very different phenotypes; cytogenetic and molecular profiling can provide a definitive diagnosis in cases with nonclassical phenotype. PMID:23509644
Infantile fibrosarcoma of ethmoid sinus, misdiagnosed as an adenoid in a 5-year-old child.
Geramizadeh, Bita; Khademi, Bijan; Karimi, Mehran; Shekarkhar, Golsa
Infantile fibrosarcoma of head and neck is rare and the presence of this tumor in ethmoid sinus is even more uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, <5 cases have been reported in the last 20 years in the English literature, so far, only one of which has been infantile type in a 15 months old girl. In this case report, we will explain our experience with a rare case of infantile fibrosarcoma originating from ethmoid sinus in a 5-year-old boy who presented with dyspnea and epistaxis. After biopsy, it was diagnosed as fibrosarcoma of sinus origin. PMID:26604519
Retraction of a longevity record for a 36-year-old herring gull
Jonkel, G.M.; Pettingill, O.S.
Full text: The longevity record for a 36-year-old Herring Gull, Larus argentatus (Pettingill 1967, Auk 84: 123), is erroneous. Herring Gull with band number A-676871, the basis of the record, was found dead on 20 June 1966 on the shore of Little Traverse Bay near Petoskey, Michigan, and reported to the Bird Banding Laboratory. The laboratory then mistakenly advised Pettingill that this gull was banded by him on 29 June 1930 on coastal Maine. He actually banded Herring Gull number A-676871 as a young bird on one of the Beaver Islands in Lake Michigan on 8 July 1948. The gull was thus 18 instead of 36 years old.
Occupational injury deaths of 16- and 17-year-olds in the United States.
Castillo, D N; Landen, D D; Layne, L A
Data from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system were used to analyze occupational injury deaths of civilian 16- and 17-year-olds during 1980 through 1989. There were 670 deaths; the rate was 5.11 per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers. The leading causes of death were incidents involving motor vehicles and machines, electrocution, and homicide. Workers 16 and 17 years old appear to be at greater risk than adults for occupational death by electrocution, suffocation, drowning, poisoning, and natural and environmental factors. Improved enforcement of and compliance with federal child labor laws, evaluation of the appropriateness of currently permitted activities, and education are encouraged. PMID:7755674
Discoidal impressions and trace-like fossils more than 1200 million years old.
Rasmussen, Birger; Bengtson, Stefan; Fletcher, Ian R; McNaughton, Neal J
The Stirling Range Formation of southwestern Australia contains discoidal impressions and trace-like fossils in tidal sandstones. The various disks have previously been linked to the Ediacaran biota, younger than 600 million years old. From this unit, we report U-Th-Pb geochronology of detrital zircon and monazite, as well as low-grade metamorphic monazite, constraining the depositional age to between 2016 +/- 6 and 1215 +/- 20 million years old. Although nonbiological origins for the discoidal impressions cannot be completely discounted, the structures resembling trace fossils clearly have a biological origin and suggest the presence of vermiform, mucus-producing, motile organisms.
[A 67-year-old men with not corrected tetralogy of Fallot].
Ludwikowska, Kamila; Konieczna, Karolina; Szarek, Anna; Kustrzycka-Kratochwil, Dorota; Sukiennik-Kujawa, Małgorzata; Kalicińska, Elżbieta; Banasiak, Waldemar; Ponikowski, Piotr; Jankowska, Ewa A
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Total surgical correction of this defect during infancyallows for long-term survival in most of the patients. The long-term prognosis for untreated tetralogy of Fallot is poor and patients who have not undergone total surgical repair rarely live to old age. We present a case of 67-year-old man with not corrected tetralogy of Fallot diagnosed at the age of 44 years without typical clinical symptoms. PMID:24049030
Developmental changes and the effect of self-generated feedback in metacognitive controlled spacing strategies in 7-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and adults.
Tsalas, Nike; Paulus, Markus; Sodian, Beate
The current study investigated the development of metacognitive monitoring-based control of spacing choices in children and adults. Moreover, we assessed whether metacognitive learning decisions are influenced by the effects of previous metacognitive decisions. We tested groups of 7-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and adults in a task with two learning blocks in which they needed to monitor their learning through judgments of learning (JoL) and in which they then needed to decide whether to space their study, mass it, or terminate it. Extending previous findings, our study provides the first evidence that already by 7 years of age children can make metacognitive controlled scheduling decisions. The results also revealed that adults had more clearly differentiated strategies related to their JoL. Furthermore, our study provides evidence that participants of all age groups improved their relative monitoring accuracy in the second learning block and adjusted their JoL. However, only adults changed their strategy choices. PMID:25703006
VII. NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB): factor structure for 3 to 15 year olds.
Mungas, Dan; Widaman, Keith; Zelazo, Philip David; Tulsky, David; Heaton, Robert K; Slotkin, Jerry; Blitz, David L; Gershon, Richard C
Confirmatory factor analysis was used the evaluate the dimensional structure underlying the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB) and the measures chosen to serve as concurrent validity criteria for the NIH Toolbox CB. These results were used to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the CB in children ranging from 3 to 15 years of age. Results were evaluated separately for a 3- to 6-year-old group and a 8- to 15-year-old group because different validation measures were used in these age groups. Three distinct dimensions were found for the 3- to 6-year-old group: Vocabulary, Reading, and Fluid Abilities. Five dimensions were found for 8-15 year olds: Vocabulary, Reading, Episodic Memory, Working Memory, and Executive Function/Processing Speed. CB measures and their validation analogues consistently defined common factors in a pattern that broadly supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the CB, but results showed higher intercorrelation and less differentiation of cognitive dimensions in younger than in older children and in older children compared with adults. Age was strongly related to the cognitive dimensions underlying test performance in both groups of children and results are consistent with broader literature showing increasing differentiation of cognitive abilities associated with the rapid brain development that occurs from early childhood into adulthood.
[Prognosis of three-year-old children with developmental speech delay: reading and writing abilities at eight years of age].
Koeda, T; Tomita, Y; Takeshita, K
Of 1761 three-year-old children born in 1979-80 and lived at Yonago city, Japan, 28 (1.6%; 25 boys and girls) were diagnosed as developmental speech delay by two pediatric neurologists. Reading and writing skills were evaluated in twelve of the speech delayed children at 8 years by ITPA, Token test and their compositions. Their results showed that reading or writing skill was delayed in many of them, especially in those with behavioral disorders, such as hyperkinetic behavior and poor personal relationship at 3 years.
Stereotype or grammar? The representation of gender when two-year-old and three-year-old French-speaking toddlers listen to role nouns.
Lévy, Arik; Gygax, Pascal; Gabriel, Ute; Zesiger, Pascal
Using a preferential looking paradigm, the current study examined the role that grammatical gender plays when preschool French-speaking toddlers process role nouns in the masculine form (e.g., chanteurs masculine 'singers'). While being auditorily prompted with "Look at the 'a role noun'!", two- and three-year-olds were presented with two pictures of two characters ('boy-boy' versus 'girl-boy') with attributes of the given role noun (e.g., singers with microphone and music notes). All role nouns were presented in the masculine plural form, which, despite its use to refer to mixed-gender groups, can be interpreted as referring to men. We expected toddlers to be biased by stereotypes, yet when non-stereotypical role nouns were presented, toddlers were not influenced by grammatical gender, but by their own sex (even more so for three-year-old toddlers). The absence of sensitivity to grammatical cues for either age group is discussed in terms of the developmental awareness of grammatical gender.
Muscle strength and mobility as predictors of survival in 75-84-year-old people.
Laukkanen, P; Heikkinen, E; Kauppinen, M
The purpose of the study was to examine the association of physical capacity, as determined on the basis of self-report and physical measurements, with survival in three groups of elderly people aged 75, 80 and 75-84 years. The main aspects of physical capacity were mobility, walking speed, hand grip strength and knee extension strength. Although 1142 persons participated in mobility interview, of whom 466 also took part in the walking speed test, and 463 in the strength tests. The follow-up periods ranged from 48 to 58 months. Risk of death was significantly related to difficulties in indoor mobility among the 75-84-year-olds (odds ratio = 1.99, 95% confidence interval = 1.27-3.13) and 75- and 80- year-olds (OR = 1.60, CI = 1.07-2.38) and outdoor mobility among the 75-84-year-olds (OR = 2.44, CI = 1.63-3.67) and 75- and 80-year-olds (OR =2.75, CI = 1.72-4.40). The odds ratios for hand grip strength (OR = 1.86, CI=1.13-3.07), knee extension strength (OR =2.52, CI = 1.50-4.42) and walking time over 10 meters (OR = 1.98, CI = 1.18-3.34) for the 75- and 80-year-olds were also significant. Since these variables can be easily measured and provide valuable information about functional capacity and risk of death they merit inclusion in medical examination of elderly clients.
76 FR 49525 - Advisory Circular 20-24C, Approval of Propulsion Fuels and Lubricating Oils
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... Engine and Propeller Directorate issued AC 20-24C on July 29, 2011. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: The Federal Aviation Administration, Attn: Mark Rumizen, Aviation Fuels Specialist, Engine and Propeller... reflect procedures and practices employed by the Engine and Propeller Directorate (EPD) for oversight...
Ready, Set, Grow! Health Education for 3-5 Year Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Peterson, Paula J.
Intended for use in family day care, preschool centers, professional preparation institutions, and in homes, this comprehensive health education curriculum for 3- through 5-year-old children contains units designed to sequentially teach concepts about physical health, mental health, family living, and safety. Contents include the following…
Paternal Psychosocial Characteristics and Corporal Punishment of Their 3-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lee, Shawna J.; Perron, Brian E.; Taylor, Catherine A.; Guterman, Neil B.
This study uses data from 2,309 biological fathers who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCWS) to examine associations between psychosocial characteristics and levels of corporal punishment (CP) toward their 3-year-old children over the past month. Results indicate that 61% of the fathers reported no CP over the…
Antecedents of Compliance in 2-Year-Olds From a High-Risk Sample.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Erickson, Martha Farrell; Crichton, Leslie
In order to identify antecedents of infant's compliance with mothers' directions on how to solve four tasks (graded in terms of stressfulness to the infant), 194 high-risk mothers and their 2-year-old children were observed on videotape and assessed with a six-point rating scale. Data collected prenatally and postnatally at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months…
Meritocratic Sharing Is Based on Collaboration in 3-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hamann, Katharina; Bender, Johanna; Tomasello, Michael
The present study investigated young preschoolers' proportional allocation of rewards in 2 different work contexts. We presented 32 pairs of 3.5-year-old peers with a collaborative task to obtain rewards by pulling ropes. In order to establish differences in work input, 1 child's rope was not immediately accessible but had to be…
Possible toxic shock syndrome in an 18-year-old girl. A case report.
Labuschagne, G P; Du Toit, P W; Venter, P F
An 18-year-old girl with fulminating disease and severe shock consistent with toxic shock syndrome, which resulted in multiple organ failure and death, is described. This very serious condition, which has a mortality rate of 10-15%, is discussed.
A Clinical Assessment Tool for Advanced Theory of Mind Performance in 5 to 12 Year Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
O'Hare, Anne E.; Bremner, Lynne; Nash, Marysia; Happe, Francesca; Pettigrew, Luisa M.
One hundred forty typically developing 5- to 12-year-old children were assessed with a test of advanced theory of mind employing Happe's strange stories. There was no significant difference in performance between boys and girls. The stories discriminated performance across the different ages with the lowest performance being in the younger…
Socio-Spatial Practices in a Finnish Daycare Group for One- to Three-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rutanen, Niina
This qualitative case study approaches early childhood education and care practices from a socio-spatial point of view. One Finnish daycare group for one- to three-year-olds participated in the study. The ethnographic observations from the practices are analyzed together with the ECE practitioners' audio-recorded team meetings and video-elicited…
Stressful Situations Experienced by Six Year-Old Children when Starting Pre-School Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Durmusoglu Saltali, Neslihan; Erbay, Filiz
The aim of this study is to examine stressful situations six-year-olds experience when they attend kindergarten for the first time. Study group consisted of 45 pre-school teachers working in kindergartens affiliated to Ministry of National Education in Konya. Qualitative research methods were used in the study. For this study, a semi-structured…
My Body. Developing an Early Interest in Science: A Preschool Science Curriculum. (4-Year-Olds).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Summer, Gail L.; Giovannini, Kathleen
This teaching guide on the body for 4-year-olds is based on a modification of the "Plan, Do, Review" approach to education devised by High Scope in Ypsilanti, Michigan. First implemented as an outreach early childhood program in North Carolina, the science activities described in this guide can be adapted to various early childhood environments.…
Relationship Between Affective Determinants and Achievement in Science for Seventeen-Year-Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Napier, John D.; Riley, Joseph P.
Data collected in the 1976-1977 National Assessment of Educational Progress survey of 17-year-olds was used to reanalyze the hypothesis that there are affective determinants of science achievement. Results show that motivation, anxiety, student choice, and teacher support account for most of the correlation between affective determinants and…
Acquired capillary hemangioma of the eyelid in a 49-year-old woman from Turkey
Kıvanç, Sertaç Argun; Olcaysu, Osman Okan; Gelincik, Ibrahim
A 49-year-old woman developed a dark brown nodular mass in the lower eyelid. The lesion had grown fast for 2 months and then had remained stable in size. Excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination of an excisional biopsy specimen pointed to proliferative vessels lined by increased endothelial cells without nuclear atypism. The nodular mass evaluated as a capillary hemangioma. PMID:25370407
Transition to Puberty as Experienced by 12-Year-Old Swedish Girls
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rembeck, Gun I.; Hermansson, Evelyn
The purpose of this study was to describe 12-year-old girls' experiences of entering puberty. A qualitative approach was used to gather data from focus group interviews, and content analysis was used to identify common themes from the responses of 18 girls. Findings revealed four main themes: (a) growing up--awareness, bodily changes, longing; (b)…
Duration, Distance, and Speed Judgments of Two Moving Objects by 4- to 11-Year-Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Matsuda, Fumiko
Four- to 11-year-olds made duration, distance, and speed judgments on Piagetian tasks where cars ran on parallel tracks. Among younger children, duration and distance judgments had approximately the same difficulty. Among older children, distance judgments were easier than duration judgments, and symmetry of effects of temporal and spatial…
Mathematical Literacy of Hong Kong's 15-Year-Old Students in PISA
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wong, Ka-Ming Patrick
This article reports the performance of 15-year-old Hong Kong students in mathematical literacy in an international study called PISA 2000, in which Hong Kong has topped the list of 41 participating countries/regions, with a mean score significantly higher than all other countries except Japan and Korea. With the conceptual framework developed by…
Biofidelity Evaluation of a Prototype Hybrid III 6 Year-Old ATD Lower Extremity.
Boucher, Laura C; Bing, Julie; Bolte, John H
Incomplete instrumentation and a lack of biofidelity in the extremities of the 6 year-old anthropomorphic test device (ATD) pose challenges when studying regions of the body known to interact with the vehicle interior. This study sought to compare a prototype Hybrid III 6 year-old ATD leg (ATD-LE), with a more biofidelic ankle and tibia load cell, to previously collected child volunteer data and to the current Hybrid III 6 year-old ATD (HIII). Anthropometry, range of motion (ROM), and stiffness measurements were taken, along with a dynamic evaluation of the ATD-LE using knee-bolster airbag (KBA) test scenarios. Anthropometry values were similar in eight of twelve measurements. Total ankle ROM was improved in the ATD-LE with no bumper compared to the HIII. The highest tibia moments and tibia index values were recorded in KBA scenarios when the toes were positioned in contact with the dashboard prior to airbag deployment, forcing the ankle into axial loading and dorsiflexion. While improvements in the biofidelity of the ATD-LE are still necessary, the results of this study are encouraging. Continued advancement of the 6 year-old ATD ankle is necessary to provide a tool to directly study the behavior of the leg during a motor vehicle crash. PMID:26864538
Tetralogy of fallot with dextrocardia and situs inversus in a 7-year-old boy.
Dilorenzo, Michael; Weinstein, Samuel; Shenoy, Rajesh
Tetralogy of Fallot is one of the most frequently diagnosed congenital cardiac abnormalities; however, its association with dextrocardia and situs inversus is reported only rarely. We report a case of these findings in a 7-year-old boy, describe the patient's postoperative course, and review the medical literature relevant to these combined conditions.
Home Computer Use and Academic Performance of Nine-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Casey, Alice; Layte, Richard; Lyons, Sean; Silles, Mary
A recent rise in home computer ownership has seen a growing number of children using computers and accessing the internet from a younger age. This paper examines the link between children's home computing and their academic performance in the areas of reading and mathematics. Data from the nine-year-old cohort of the Growing Up in Ireland survey…
Bullying and Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder in 10-Year-Olds in a Swedish Community
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Holmberg, Kirsten; Hjern, Anders
The association of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with bullying in the peer group in school was studied in an entire population of 577 fourth graders (10-year-olds) in one municipality in Stockholm, Sweden. The schoolchildren were screened for ADHD in a two-step procedure that included Conners' ratings of behavioural problems:…
Diverse Food Items Are Similarly Categorized by 8- to 13-year-old Children
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
The study objective was to assess how 8- to 13-year-old children categorized and labeled food items, for possible use as part of a food search strategy in a computerized 24-hour dietary recall. A set of 62 cards with pictures and names of food items from 18 professionally defined food groups was sor...
Peer Competence and Mother-Child and Child-Child Interactions in One-Year-Olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
van Lieshout, Cornelis F. M.; And Others
As part of a longitudinal study of the predictors of preschool-aged children's peer relationships, data were collected on the social behavior of 1-year-olds. Participating in the study were 48 mother-child dyads. Individual and comparison data were gathered through observation and videotape recordings in laboratory dyadic play sessions involving…
The Relation of Temperament and Social Factors to Behavior Problems in Three-Year-Old Children.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Barron, A.P.; Earls, F.
Investigates the relationship of temperament characteristics and social factors to behavior adjustment among 90 three-year-old children. Inflexibility of child, negative parent/child interaction, and high family stress are highly associated with poor behavior adjustment. A path analysis suggests that flexibility and positive interaction diminish…
Handedness in Swedish 10-year-olds, Some Background and Associated Factors.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gillberg, Christopher; And Others
Aims to obtain prevalence figures for left-handedness among 10-year-old Swedish children; to replicate some findings concerning Bishop's (1980) extended pathological left-handedness hypothesis; to evaluate the influence of factors such as the child's sex and reduced optimality in the pre-, peri-, and neonatal period; and to determine the…
Polydrug Use among 15- to 16-Year Olds: Similarities and Differences in Europe
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Olszewski, Deborah; Matias, Joao; Monshouwer, Karin; Kokkevi, Anna
Aims: We describe types of polydrug use among school students across Europe and explore differences between high, medium and low drug prevalence countries. Method: Analysis is based on survey data from over 70,000 15- to 16-year-old school students in 22 European countries. Polydrug use (defined as the use of two or more listed substances during…
Adult-like Odor Preferences and Aversions in Three-Year-Old Children.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schmidt, Hilary J.; Beauchamp, Gary K.
Studies 16 three-year-olds' and 17 adults' hedonic reactions to odorants by using a forced-choice procedure embedded in a simple game. Analyses revealed essentially the same pattern of preferences in both groups. In general, the odorant was a much better predictor of its hedonic quality than was the age of the subject. (RJC)
Development of Visuomanual Tracking in 5- to 9-Year-Old Boys.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mounoud, Pierre; And Others
Investigates in five- to nine-year-old children the visuomanual sinusoidal tracking of target spot on a screen. Proportion of successful performances steadily increases with age, but adult proficiency is never attained even by those who can perform the task. (Author/BE)
Fantasy Play, Language and Cognitive Ability of Four-Year-Old Children in Guyana South America.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Taharally, L. C.
A controlled study involving 60 randomly selected 4- to 5-year-old children from Guyana (South America) assessed whether providing the opportunity for fantasy play to children in nursery schools that do not provide such opportunity would have an effect on the children's level of symbolic, language, and cognitive ability. Subjects included 20…
Internet Gambling and Problem Gambling among 13 to 18 Year Old Adolescents in Iceland
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Olason, Daniel Thor; Kristjansdottir, Elsa; Einarsdottir, Hafdis; Haraldsson, Haukur; Bjarnason, Geir; Derevensky, Jeffrey L.
This study reports findings on Internet gambling and problem gambling among Icelandic youth. Participants were 1.537 13-18 year-old students, 786 boys and 747 girls. Results revealed that 56.6% had gambled at least once in the past 12 months and 24.3% on the Internet. Gender and developmental differences were found for Internet gambling, as boys…
Verbal Competence in Narrative Retelling in 5-Year-Olds with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Klintö, Kristina; Salameh, Eva-Kristina; Lohmander, Anette
Background: Research regarding expressive language performance in children born with cleft palate is sparse. The relationship between articulation/phonology and expressive language skills also needs to be further explored. Aims: To investigate verbal competence in narrative retelling in 5-year-old children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate…
Through Another's Eyes: Elements in the Eyes of a 4-Year-Old
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hu, Xuan
My husband, who is a scientist, often brings home different scientific journals and magazines to read, and my 4-year-old son, Nicholas J. Hu, likes to flip through them. A recent issue of Chemical and Engineering News (September, 2003) caught his interest more than usual because there were stories of different elements. Nicholas has been able to…
Factors that Influence Vocabulary Development in Two-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Stokes, Stephanie F.; Klee, Thomas
Background: This research explored the relative impact of demographic, cognitive, behavioural, and psycholinguistic factors on vocabulary development in two-year-old children. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-two children (24-30 months) were tested on expressive and receptive vocabulary, cognitive development, word learning and working memory…
Forgetting Common Ground: Six- to Seven-Year-Olds Have an Overinterpretive Theory of Mind
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lagattuta, Kristin Hansen; Sayfan, Liat; Blattman, Amanda J.
Four- to 9-year-olds and adults (N = 256) viewed a series of pictures that were covered with occluders to reveal nondescript or identifiable parts. Participants predicted how 3 characters, 1 who had previously viewed the full picture and 2 who had not, would interpret the obstructed drawings. Results showed significant development between 4 and 9…
Structural Priming as Learning: Evidence from Mandarin-Learning 5-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hsu, Dong-Bo
Three experiments on structural priming in Mandarin-speaking 5-year-olds were conducted to test the priming as implicit learning hypothesis. It describes a learning mechanism that acts on a shared abstract syntactic representation in response to linguistic input using an equi-biased Mandarin SVO-"ba" alternation. The first two…
Getting an Early Start: Communication about Sexuality among Mothers and Children 6-10 Years Old
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pluhar, Erika; Jennings, Tanya; DiIorio, Colleen
Little information exists on communication about sexuality between parents and preadolescent children. This study collected qualitative data on family sexuality communication from 3 focus groups conducted with African American mothers of 6-10 year old children. Two broad themes emerged from the data: "Beyond the Birds and the Bees" and "Let's Talk…
Delayed refractory hyperventilation following endoscopic third ventriculostomy in a 5-year-old boy.
Merola, J; Liang, E; Hoskins, J; Balakrishnan, V; Gan, P
We present the case of a 5-year-old boy who developed a delayed onset intractable hyperventilation following endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The proposed aetiology of this exceptionally rare phenomenon is discussed. To our knowledge, previous cases have only been reported in the adult population.
Psychosocial Family Treatment for a 10-Year-Old with Schizoaffective Disorder
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Klaus, Nicole M.; Fristad, Mary A.; Malkin, Catherine; Mackinaw-Koons, Barbara
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are rare in childhood and little is known about their psychosocial treatment. Relevant findings from the adult and child literature are reviewed. The case of 10-year-old "Michael" is presented, who participated in a randomized clinical trial of a psychoeducational family treatment for mood disorders. Following…
Traumatic bilateral posterior hip dislocation in 10 year old male child.
Garg, Vipul; Singh, Ajay Pal; Singh, Arun Pal; Bajaj, P S
Traumatic bilateral posterior hip dislocation in skeletally immature patient is reported very less in literature. We report a 10 yr old boy presented to us following farmyard injury with bilateral posterior hip dislocation, which was reduced manually under sedation with uneventful follow-up and complete hip range of motion at 2 year. PMID:25983489
Narrative Comprehension Skills in 5-Year-Old Children: Correlational Analysis and Comprehender Profiles
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Potocki, Anna; Ecalle, Jean; Magnan, Annie
This study was designed to examine whether a variety of cognitive and linguistic factors theoretically considered to be predictive of reading comprehension skills in elementary school children were also predictive of listening comprehension skills in 131 five-year-old children. The results showed that the predictors of young children's listening…
Verbal Labels Modulate Perceptual Object Processing in 1-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gliga, Teodora; Volein, Agnes; Csibra, Gergely
Whether verbal labels help infants visually process and categorize objects is a contentious issue. Using electroencephalography, we investigated whether possessing familiar or novel labels for objects directly enhances 1-year-old children's neural processes underlying the perception of those objects. We found enhanced gamma-band (20-60 Hz)…
Categorization of Regional and Foreign Accent in 5- to 7-Year-Old British Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Floccia, Caroline; Butler, Joseph; Girard, Frederique; Goslin, Jeremy
This study examines children's ability to detect accent-related information in connected speech. British English children aged 5 and 7 years old were asked to discriminate between their home accent from an Irish accent or a French accent in a sentence categorization task. Using a preliminary accent rating task with adult listeners, it was first…
Biofidelity Evaluation of a Prototype Hybrid III 6 Year-Old ATD Lower Extremity.
Boucher, Laura C; Bing, Julie; Bolte, John H
Incomplete instrumentation and a lack of biofidelity in the extremities of the 6 year-old anthropomorphic test device (ATD) pose challenges when studying regions of the body known to interact with the vehicle interior. This study sought to compare a prototype Hybrid III 6 year-old ATD leg (ATD-LE), with a more biofidelic ankle and tibia load cell, to previously collected child volunteer data and to the current Hybrid III 6 year-old ATD (HIII). Anthropometry, range of motion (ROM), and stiffness measurements were taken, along with a dynamic evaluation of the ATD-LE using knee-bolster airbag (KBA) test scenarios. Anthropometry values were similar in eight of twelve measurements. Total ankle ROM was improved in the ATD-LE with no bumper compared to the HIII. The highest tibia moments and tibia index values were recorded in KBA scenarios when the toes were positioned in contact with the dashboard prior to airbag deployment, forcing the ankle into axial loading and dorsiflexion. While improvements in the biofidelity of the ATD-LE are still necessary, the results of this study are encouraging. Continued advancement of the 6 year-old ATD ankle is necessary to provide a tool to directly study the behavior of the leg during a motor vehicle crash.
Analyzing the Responses of 7-8 Year Olds When Solving Partitioning Problems
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Badillo, Edelmira; Font, Vicenç; Edo, Mequè
We analyze the mathematical solutions of 7- to 8-year-old pupils while individually solving an arithmetic problem. The analysis was based on the "configuration of objects," an instrument derived from the onto-semiotic approach to mathematical knowledge. Results are illustrated through a number of cases. From the analysis of mathematical…
Early Childhood Settings and Funded Two-Year-Old Children: Experiences from Four Settings in England
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Phair, Heleanna; Davis, Geraldine
In 2013 funding was introduced to support disadvantaged two-year-old children to attend early childhood settings in England. This study explores the experiences of four early childhood settings as they worked with these funded children for the first time. Using interviews and observations within the settings, findings demonstrate some adjustment…
A novel case of chronic conjunctivitis in a 58-year-old woman caused by Raoultella.
Zuberbuhler, B; Abedin, A; Roudsari, A
A 58-year-old woman presented to eye emergency with a chronic conjunctivitis which was diagnosed by laboratory microbiological testing to be due to the environmental pathogen Raoultella planticola. The organism was sensitive to Chloramphenicol and the patient made a rapid recovery on these drops. This is the first report of this organism infecting the eye.
Exploring Expressive Vocabulary Variability in Two-Year-Olds: The Role of Working Memory
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Newbury, Jayne; Klee, Thomas; Stokes, Stephanie F.; Moran, Catherine
Purpose: This study explored whether measures of working memory ability contribute to the wide variation in 2-year-olds' expressive vocabulary skills. Method: Seventy-nine children (aged 24-30 months) were assessed by using standardized tests of vocabulary and visual cognition, a processing speed measure, and behavioral measures of verbal working…
Teenage Thinking on Teenage Drinking: 15- to 16-Year Olds' Experiences of Alcohol in Northern Ireland
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McKay, Michael T.; Cole, Jon C.; Sumnall, Harry
Focus groups were conducted with 15- to 16-year olds in Northern Ireland looking at reasons for alcohol consumption and reflections on specific attitudes towards alcohol and behaviours resulting from alcohol use. Participants reported greater concern with "being caught" drinking by parents than with any negative short- or long-term health impact…
Creppy Crawlies. Developing an Early Interest in Science: A Preschool Science Curriculum. (4-Year-Olds).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Summer, Gail L.; Giovannini, Kathleen
This science teaching guide on insects and animals for 4-year-old children is based on a modification of the "Plan, Do, Review" approach to education devised by High Scope in Ypsilanti, Michigan. First implemented as an outreach early childhood program in North Carolina, the science activities described in this guide can be adapted to various…
Conformity and Peer Groups in Remedial Nine-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sams, Annelia
Nine-year-old remedial summer school students were tested for conformity with a modified Asch procedure. Subjects conformed more to simulated camp peers who had made good grades than to simulated remedial summer-school peers. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of ability grouping and adjustment of remidial students. (ST)
Influence of Emotional Facial Expressions on 3-5-Year-Olds' Face Recognition
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Freitag, Claudia; Schwarzer, Gudrun
Three experiments examined 3- and 5-year-olds' recognition of faces in constant and varied emotional expressions. Children were asked to identify repeatedly presented target faces, distinguishing them from distractor faces, during an immediate recognition test and during delayed assessments after 10 min and one week. Emotional facial expression…
Frontal Electroencephalogram Activation Asymmetry, Emotional Intelligence, and Externalizing Behaviors in 10-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Santesso, L. Diane; Dana, L. Reker; Schmidt, Louis A.; Segalowitz, Sidney J.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relations among resting frontal brain electrical activity (EEG) (hypothesized to reflect a predisposition to positive versus negative affect and ability to regulate emotions), emotional intelligence, and externalizing behaviors in a sample of non-clinical 10-year-old children. We found that boys…
Dyslexia: Group Screening among 15-16-Year-Olds in Oslo, Norway
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Green, K.; Tonnessen, F. E.; Tambs, K.; Thoresen, M.; Bjertness, E.
In 15-16 year olds from Oslo, Norway, we investigated the occurrence of self-reported dyslexia and reading/writing difficulties (RWD), and we measured dyslexic symptoms using the "Duvan" dyslexia screening test. The prevalence of self-reported dyslexia was 8.2%, while 10.4% reported severe or moderate RWD. The group of self-reported dyslexics…
Fifteen-Year-Old Pupils' Variable Handling Performance in the Context of Scientific Investigations.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Donnelly, J. F.
Reports findings on variable-handling aspects of pupil performance in investigatory tasks, using data from the British Assessment of Performance Unit (APU) national survey program. Discusses the significance of these findings for assessment methodology and for understanding of 15-year-olds' approaches to the variable-based logic of investigation.…
Two-Year-Olds Use Distributional Cues to Interpret Transitivity-Alternating Verbs
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Scott, Rose M.; Fisher, Cynthia
Two-year-olds assign appropriate interpretations to verbs presented in two English transitivity alternations, the causal and unspecified-object alternations (Naigles, 1996). Here we explored how they might do so. Causal and unspecified-object verbs are syntactically similar. They can be either transitive or intransitive, but differ in the semantic…
Knowledge of Love: Narratives of Romance Told by 12-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Haldar, Marit
This article reports research on young people's conceptualisations of love and romance through a gender perspective. The data are stories written by 12-year-old girls and boys in Norway who were asked to fantasise about their future love life. Their narratives are explored through discourse analysis and semiotics and analysed within a…
One- to Three-Year-Old Children's Experience of Subjective Wellbeing in Day Care
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Seland, Monica; Sandseter, Ellen Beate Hansen; Bratterud, Åse
The aim of the study on which this paper is based was to explore in which situations and contexts Norwegian 1-3-year-olds experience subjective wellbeing in day care. The data in this study was collected through qualitative phenomenological observations of 18 children, and an inductive process of analysis was conducted. The results show that…
Effect of Rearing Environment on the Feeding Pattern of under Two Years Old Nigerian Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Asekun-Olarinmoye, Esther Olufunmilayo; Lawoyin, Taiwo Olubanke; Asekun-Olarinmoye, Ifeoluwapo Oyebola
With economic pressures on families increasing, more women are working outside the home leaving their children in day care centres. In a community-based, descriptive cross-sectional study, the feeding pattern in two groups of children under two years old, cared for in two different rearing environments: home environment and day care centres, was…
Intonation Facilitates Contrast Resolution: Evidence from Japanese Adults and 6-Year Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ito, Kiwako; Jincho, Nobuyuki; Minai, Utako; Yamane, Naoto; Mazuka, Reiko
Two eye-tracking experiments tested how pitch prominence on a prenominal adjective affects contrast resolution in Japanese adult and 6-year old listeners. Participants located two animals in succession on displays with multiple colored animals. In Experiment 1, adults' fixations to the contrastive target (pink cat [right arrow] GREEN cat) were…
How Do 5-Year-Olds Understand Questions? Differences in Languages across Europe
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sauerland, Uli; Grohmann, Kleanthes K.; Guasti, Maria Teresa; Andelkovic, Darinka; Argus, Reili; Armon-Lotem, Sharon; Arosio, Fabrizio; Avram, Larisa; Costa, João; Dabašinskiene, Ineta; de López, Kristine; Gatt, Daniela; Grech, Helen; Haman, Ewa; van Hout, Angeliek; Hrzica, Gordana; Kainhofer, Judith; Kamandulyte-Merfeldiene, Laura; Kunnari, Sari; Kovacevic, Melita; Kuvac Kraljevic, Jelena; Lipowska, Katarzyna; Mejias, Sandrine; Popovic, Maša; Ruzaite, Jurate; Savic, Maja; Sevcenco, Anca; Varlokosta, Spyridoula; Varnava, Marina; Yatsushiro, Kazuko
The comprehension of constituent questions is an important topic for language acquisition research and for applications in the diagnosis of language impairment. This article presents the results of a study investigating the comprehension of different types of questions by 5-year-old, typically developing children across 19 European countries, 18…
Slowly but Surely: Adverbs Support Verb Learning in 2-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Syrett, Kristen; Arunachalam, Sudha; Waxman, Sandra R.
To acquire the meanings of verbs, toddlers make use of the surrounding linguistic information. For example, 2-year-olds successfully acquire novel transitive verbs that appear in semantically rich frames containing content nouns ("The boy is gonna pilk a balloon"), but they have difficulty with pronominal frames ("He is gonna pilk…
Herpes zoster in a 2-year-old vaccinated against varicella.
Ulman, Catherine A; Trevino, Julian J; Gandhi, Rishi K
Herpes zoster is uncommon in the pediatric population. We report a case of herpes zoster in a 2-year-old boy who received the live attenuated varicella zoster virus vaccination at his 12-month pediatric visit. The child was treated with acyclovir and recovered without complications.
Two-Year-Olds Interpret Novel Phonological Neighbors as Familiar Words
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Swingley, Daniel
When children hear a novel word in a context presenting a novel object and a familiar one, they usually assume that the novel word refers to the novel object. In a series of experiments, we tested whether this behavior would be found when 2-year-olds interpreted novel words that differed phonologically from familiar words in only 1 sound, either a…
Obstructive urolithiasis, unilateral hydronephrosis, and probable nephrolithiasis in a 12-year-old Clydesdale gelding.
Macbeth, Bryan J
A 12-year-old Clydesdale gelding was presented for colic and dysuria. Obstructive urolithiasis and chronic renal disease were diagnosed via transurethral endoscopy and percutaneous ultrasonography. Nephroliths, hydronephrosis, and peri-ureteral fibrosis were present. Surgical intervention was declined and the gelding was managed medically with antibiotics and dietary modification.
3-Year-Old Children Make Relevance Inferences in Indirect Verbal Communication
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schulze, Cornelia; Grassmann, Susanne; Tomasello, Michael
Three studies investigated 3-year-old children's ability to determine a speaker's communicative intent when the speaker's overt utterance related to that intent only indirectly. Studies 1 and 2 examined children's comprehension of indirectly stated requests (e.g., "I find Xs good" can imply, in context, a request for…
Toxic epidermal necrolysis triggered by clobazam: a case report in a 13-year-old girl.
Dang, Chuong D; Beets-Shay, Linda; Kahn, Estelle C
We present a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) triggered by clobazam in a 13-year-old girl who was subsequently treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. In December 2013 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration released a warning that clobazam might cause "serious skin reactions" such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or TEN and approved label changes. PMID:25690725
Bertolini, Fabrício Melo; Vieira, Rodrigo Barreiros; Oliveira, Lucas Henrique Araujo de; Lasmar, Rodrigo Pace; Junior, Otaviano de Oliveira
This case report presents a 15-year-old football player who was diagnosed with a pubis stress fracture and underwent conservative treatment with satisfactory results. After a review of the literature, the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment are described. The importance of this paper comes from the rarity of finding reports about this kind of injury in the literature. PMID:27027039
Effectiveness of Multipurpose Unit Early Classroom Intervention Program for 4-5-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Celebioglu Morkoc, Ozlem; Aktan Acar, Ebru
This research examined the effectiveness of Multipurpose Unit Early Classroom Intervention Program (MUECIP) prepared for 4-5-year-old (48-60 months) children whose development is at risk because of their families' socioeconomic conditions. The research adopted a preliminary test-final test control group trial model. The research participants…
Action-Based Digital Tools: Mathematics Learning in 6-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dejonckheere, Peter J. N.; Desoete, Annemie; Fonck, Nathalie; Roderiguez, Dave; Six, Leen; Vermeersch, Tine; Vermeulen, Lies
Introduction: In the present study we used a metaphorical representation in order to stimulate the numerical competences of six-year-olds. It was expected that when properties of physical action are used for mathematical thinking or when abstract mathematical thinking is grounded in sensorimotor processes, learning gains should be more pronounced…
Radiator-induced erythema ab igne in 8-year-old girl.
Brzezinski, Piotr; Ismail, Samir; Chiriac, Anca
The cutaneous lesion of erythema ab Igne are characterized by a reticulate erythema, hyperpigmentation, fine scaling, epidermal atrophy and telangiectasias, and reticulated erythema. We report a case of erythema ab igne on the hands of a 8-year-old girl, induced by classic homemade radiator.
[Univentricular heart in a 50 year-old woman complicated with infective endocarditis with favorable evolution].
Aboukhoudir, F; Errera, J; Aboukhoudir, I; Slama, I; Rekik, S
Univentricular heart is a complex cyanotic congenital heart malformation classically repaired during early childhood. Despite correction, a residual risk of infective endocarditis still persists and may be associated with a severe prognosis. We report the case of a 50 year-old woman with a known partially corrected univentricular heart in whom we diagnosed an infective endocarditis with a favorable evolution under antibiotics.
BE, DO, and Modal Auxiliaries of 3-Year-Old African American English Speakers
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Newkirk-Turner, Brandi L.; Oetting, Janna B.; Stockman, Ida J.
Purpose: This study examined African American English--speaking children's use of BE, DO, and modal auxiliaries. Method: The data were based on language samples obtained from 48 three-year-olds. Analyses examined rates of marking by auxiliary type, auxiliary surface form, succeeding element, and syntactic construction and by a number of child…
Who Says You Need to Teach Reading to 11-13-Year-Olds?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Parkhill, Faye Fiona; Fletcher, Jo Florence; Greenwood, Janinka; Grimley, Michael; Bridges, Sue
Research indicates that as students move through the school system, many begin to experience difficulties with reading. With this mind, this study explored current practices and perceptions about reading programmes for 11-13-year-old students in New Zealand schools. The study employed an online survey designed to investigate current reading…
Acne isolated within a Becker nevus of a 14 year-old girl.
Juhl, Mark; Pappo, Eden; Bain, Michelle
Becker nevus (BN) is a common benign condition occurring most often in young men, much more often than in women. Acne isolated within a BN is a rare phenomenon hypothesized to occur, at least in part, due to increased androgen sensitivity within the nevus. We present a rare case of papular acne with in a BN of a 14 year-old girl.
Understanding Bullying: Using Role-Play with 12-Year-Old Boys in Cyprus
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kaloyirou, Chrystalla; Lindsay, Geoff
This study examines the use of role-play in order to investigate bullies' intentions, feelings and perceptions through identification and projection. The study was conducted with nine 12-year-old boys that presented high levels of bullying behaviour, according to their teachers and peers, from three state primary schools in Nicosia, Cyprus,…
[A 84-year-old woman with an abnormality in her breast].
Leemreize, Eva; de Noo, Mirre E
A 84-year-old woman with a medical history of breast cancer in her left breast was referred to the Department of Surgery with a palpable mass in her right breast. Histological examination of a biopsy of the mass showed a fibroadenoma. These benign lesions of the breast are rare in elderly patients. PMID:27096476
13-Year-Olds' Perception of Bullying: Definitions, Reasons for Victimisation and Experience of Adults' Response
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Frisen, Ann; Holmqvist, Kristina; Oscarsson, Daniel
This study formed the second wave of a longitudinal research project examining bullying from the students' perspective. A sample of 877 Swedish 13-year-olds filled out a questionnaire regarding the definition of bullying, reasons for why some students are bullied and the experience of adults' response to bullying. In their definitions, girls were…
Different Types of Thinking of Seven-Year-Old Children and their Achievements in School
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Uszynska-Jarmoc, Janina
The theoretical basis of the research was the conception of human intelligence of Sternberg. The aims of the study were: to determine the level of analytical thinking, creative thinking and practical thinking of seven-year-old children; to determine the relations between the level of analytical, practical and creative thinking and pupil's success…
Porcine surfactant (Curosurf) for acute respiratory failure after near-drowning in 12 year old.
Onarheim, H; Vik, V
This case report describes rapid and persistent improvement after one single dose of porcine surfactant (Curosurf) 0.5 ml/kg(-1) (40 mg/kg) intratracheally for adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with severe oxygenation failure 8 h after freshwater near-drowning in a 12-year-old girl.
Pathological pelvic fracture following long-term bisphosphonate use in a 63-year-old woman
Watson, H I; Hopper, G P; Gupta, S; Roberts, J L
A 63-year-old woman presented with a low energy pelvic fracture, which showed no signs of healing. Initial fractures were to the right hemipelvis, later followed by a right fractured neck of femur. We present a complicated patient journey, management dilemmas and highlight the growing concern with long-term bisphosphonate treatment. PMID:25312895
The Facilitative Effect of Positive Stimuli on 3-Year-Olds' Flexible Rule Use
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Qu, Li; Zelazo, Philip David
This study examined the effect of emotional stimuli on 3- to 4-year old children's flexible rule use, as measured by the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS). In Experiment 1, children in two countries (Canada and China) were given 2 versions of the DCCS. The Standard version required children to sort red and blue boats and rabbits first by shape…
Subacute osteomyelitis of the femur due to Fusobacterium nucleatum in a 7-year-old boy.
Budd, Emily; Johnson, David S; Thomas, Eva; Sadarangani, Manish
Subacute hematogenous osteomyelitis is an insidious infection, which commonly has a delayed diagnosis. We describe the case of a 7-year-old boy with subacute osteomyelitis, which was initially considered to be a bone tumor. Infection should be considered in all cases of bone pain, especially in children, even in the absence of typical systemic features of inflammation.
Beginning psychoanalysis of a 16 year old autistic girl: the first three months.
Eyre, D P
This clinical report attempts to show some aspects of the first three months of analysis with a 16 year old autistic girl with some conceptualization of the technical difficulties of instituting psychoanalysis with such a patient, as well as some conceptualizations of the material itself.
Cystinuria crystals: an image from a 14-year-old girl with cystinuria.
Lee, Franklin; Su, Ruthie; Lendvay, Thomas
The image we present demonstrates the classic hexagonal crystals that are diagnostic of cysteine crystals in a 14-year-old girl with cystinuria. These crystals developed on her stent within a 2-week period after treatment of her stone. The image illustrates the importance of urine microscopy and basic urologic knowledge. PMID:23537763
Conflict in the Dyadic Play of 3-Year-Old Children.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
O'Brien, Marion; Roy, Carolyn; Jacobs, Anne; Macaluso, Mery; Peyton, Vicki
Examined the nature of conflicts among young preschoolers. Observed 184 three-year-olds in a dyadic play situation. Found that children's conflicts arose in the context of ongoing play and were brief. Concluded that by age 36 months, most children have acquired the skills to play positively with a peer. (JS)
[Possible Kawasaki disease in a 56 years-old male patient diagnosed in sequelae phase].
Asensio Lafuente, Enrique; Montalvo Ramos, T R Aquiles; Linares Rodríguez, Abel
We present a 56 years-old male patient with an acute ischemic episode. The patient showed significant dilation of the left main coronary artery and proximal segments of the left descending artery, as well as a right coronary artery with a 10mm diameter in the proximal and medial segments. These findings are compatible with a Kawasaki's disease in a chronic phase.
Phonological Development of Two-Year-Old Monolingual Puerto Rican Spanish-Speaking Children.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Anderson, Raquel; Smith, Bruce L.
Phonetic and phonological analysis of spontaneous speech of six 2-year-old monolingual Puerto Rican Spanish-learning children revealed several sound usage patterns similar to those found in English and other language-learning children, supporting the claim that certain universal patterns exist in phonological development. (Author/CB)
Episodic Memory and Episodic Foresight in 3- and 5-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hayne, Harlene; Gross, Julien; McNamee, Stephanie; Fitzgibbon, Olivia; Tustin, Karen
In the present study, we examined the development of episodic memory and episodic foresight. Three- and 5-year-olds were interviewed individually using a personalised timeline that included photographs of them at different points in their life. After constructing the timeline with the experimenter, each child was asked to discuss a number of…
Writing and Reading Skills as Assessed by Teachers in 7-Year Olds: A Behavioral Genetic Approach
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Oliver, Bonamy R.; Dale, Philip S.; Plomin, Robert
A behavioral genetic analysis of general writing ability was conducted using teacher assessments based on UK National Curriculum criteria for a sample of 3296 same-sex pairs of 7-year-old twins. Writing was highly heritable within the normal range (0.66) and at the low extreme (0.70). Environmental influences were almost all non-shared, with…
Perceived, Expressed and Observed Prosociality among Four-Year-Old Girls and Boys in Childcare Centres
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bouchard, Caroline; Coutu, Sylvain; Bigras, Nathalie; Lemay, Lise; Cantin, Gilles; Bouchard, Marie-Claire; Duval, Stéphanie
This article examines the prosociality of four-year-old girls and boys in childcare centres. More specifically, it aims to measure gender differences in prosociality among children, based on three sources and methods of evaluation: (1) the early childhood educator's (ECE) perception (perceived prosociality), (2) the children's own…
PAVEd for Success: An Evaluation of a Comprehensive Preliteracy Program for Four-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schwanenflugel, Paula J.; Hamilton, Claire E.; Neuharth-Pritchett, Stacey; Restrepo, M. Adelaida; Bradley, Barbara A.; Webb, Mi-Young
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of "PAVEd for Success," comprehensive preliteracy program guidelines to support the development of foundational preliteracy skills in 4 year olds. Prekindergarten teachers received professional development on variables of the program that included a summer institute, after-school…
Reading and General Cognitive Ability: A Multivariate Analysis of 7-Year-Old Twins
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Harlaar, Nicole; Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E.; Plomin, Robert
We examined the association between reading and general cognitive ability (g) in a population-based sample of 6,476 pairs of 7-year-old twins. Additive genetic influences largely accounted for individual differences in reading and the covariation between reading and g. Furthermore, both genetic and shared environmental influences on reading and g…
Health in a population of eighteen-year-old males in Italy.
Emanuele, A M; Falivene, C; Previtera, B
A population of 18-year-old males were studied in order to investigate which biohumoral parameters were modified with respect to the so-called "reference values." To achieve our end, we analyzed the distribution curves of some biohumoral parameters, so selected to test various organs and apparatuses. Our results showed a clear incidence of hepatic affections and dislipidemias.
Hair-thread tourniquet syndrome of the hypertrophic clitoris in a 6-year-old girl.
Parlak, Mesut; Karakaya, Ali Erdal
Hair-thread tourniquet syndrome is defined as the ischemic strangulation of hair resulting in edema and severe pain and may cause amputation of organs. Strangulation of the external genitalia (clitoris, labia minora) has rarely been described in girls. Here, we present a case of hypertrophic clitoris injury secondary to hair strangulation in a 6-year-old girl.
The Microgenetic Emergence of Cooperative Play in 6-Year-Olds Developmentally At-Risk
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
van der Aalsvoort, Geerdina M.; van der Leeden, Rien
Cooperative play was investigated by a controlled pre/post-test intervention design with 28 dyads of 6-year-old students developmentally at-risk. Selection was based upon cut-off scores on a language development test and a nonverbal IQ test, and same-sex pairs were matched within classrooms. Co-variables were: socio economic status, free play time…
Relations between Social Contingency in Mother-Child Interaction and 2-Year-Olds' Social Competence.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Raver, C. Cybele
Examined relationships between social contingency in mother-child interaction and the social competence of 47 two-year-olds from low-income families. Found that social contingency was related to children's use of self-regulatory strategies but not to empathic responsiveness. Child negative emotionality and gender contributed to explanations of…
A Gender Comparison of the Cooperation of 4-Year-Old Children in Classroom Activity Centers
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Anderson, Genan T.; Hilton, Sterling C.; Wouden-Miller, Melissa
This study examined the proportion of cooperative play in 4-year-old children across centers (housekeeping, block, manipulative, and computer) and gender in a natural classroom setting. Eighty-four white, middle-income children (41 boys and 43 girls, mean age = 55 months) were videotaped during free-play for 30 minutes per day for four weeks in…
The Effects of Preparing Two-Year-Olds for Brief Separations from Their Mothers.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Adams, Roderick E., Jr.; Passman, Richard H.
Studied effects of strategies used by mothers to prepare a two-year-old child to be left with a stranger. Strategies differed, as did outcomes. Among the results, children given brief preparations remained with the stranger longer and played with more toys. (Author/DB)
How "Green" Are Today's 15-Year-Olds? PISA in Focus. No. 15
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
OECD Publishing (NJ1), 2012
How "green" are 15-year-olds? To what extent do they understand environmental issues? What are the sources of their information about the environment? Can they apply scientific principles and evidence to the world around them? This paper reports that across OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, around one in five…
Development of Face Recognition in 5- to 15-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kinnunen, Suna; Korkman, Marit; Laasonen, Marja; Lahti-Nuuttila, Pekka
This study focuses on the development of face recognition in typically developing preschool- and school-aged children (aged 5 to 15 years old, "n" = 611, 336 girls). Social predictors include sex differences and own-sex bias. At younger ages, the development of face recognition was rapid and became more gradual as the age increased up…
Characteristics of 15-Year-Old Students Predicting Scientific Literacy Skills in Turkey
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Demir, Ergül
Since 2003, Turkey regularly participates in PISA. According to the PISA 2012 results, 15-year-old students in Turkey performed below both OECD countries and participating countries. Defining the relations between students' characteristics and their scientific literacy skills is thought to provide deeper understanding for the nature of this…
Measuring Implicit Attitudes of 4-Year-Olds: The Preschool Implicit Association Test
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cvencek, Dario; Greenwald, Anthony G.; Meltzoff, Andrew N.
The Preschool Implicit Association Test (PSIAT) is an adaptation of an established social cognition measure (IAT) for use with preschool children. Two studies with 4-year-olds found that the PSIAT was effective in evaluating (a) attitudes toward commonly liked objects ("flowers"="good") and (b) gender attitudes ("girl"="good" or "boy"="good"). The…
Repair in the Peer Talk of 6-Year-Old Boys
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Newbold, Elisabeth J.; Howard, Sara; Wells, Bill
This article reports a qualitative analysis of linguistic and interactional aspects of repair in naturalistic play, interaction between three 6-year-olds (C, D and F), one of whom (child D) displays some speech and language difficulties. The methodology draws on conversation analysis together with perceptual phonetic observation. The analysis…
Self-Repair of Speech by Four-Year-Old Finnish Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Salonen, Tuuli; Laakso, Minna
The aim of this study was to examine what four-year-old children repair in their speech. For this purpose, conversational self-repairs (N = 316) made by two typically developing Finnish-speaking children (aged 4 ; 8 and 4 ; 11) were examined. The data comprised eight hours of natural interactions videotaped at the children's homes. The tapes were…
Two-Year-Olds Learn Novel Nouns, Verbs, and Conventional Actions from Massed or Distributed Exposures.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Childers, Jane B.; Tomasello, Michael
Examined 2-year-olds' comprehension and production of novel nouns, verbs, or actions at 3 intervals after training conducted in massed or distributed exposures. Found that for comprehension, children learned all item types in all training conditions at all retention intervals. Production was better for nonverbal actions than for either word type…
Career Development Needs of Nine-Year Olds: How to Improve Career Development Programs.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Miller, Juliet V.
Suggesting implications for career education program development and revision, this document is one in a series of five publications reporting results of a career development needs study of four different age levels. In this document, the assessment of career development needs of nine-year olds is presented in three major sections. Section 1…
Career Development Needs of Seventeen Year Olds: How to Improve Career Development Programs.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mitchell, Anita M.
Suggesting implications for career education program development and revision, this document is one in a series of five publications reporting results of a career development needs study of four different age levels. In this document, the assessment of career development needs of seventeen-year-olds is presented in three major sections. Section 1…
Career Development Needs of Thirteen-Year Olds: How to Improve Career Development Programs.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Aubrey, Roger F.
Suggesting implications for career education program development and revision, this document is one in a series of five publications reporting results of a career development needs study of four different age levels. In this document, the assessment of career development needs of thirteen-year-olds is presented in three major sections. Section 1…
Seasonal and Daily Variation in Physical Activity among Three-Year-Old Finnish Preschool Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Soini, Anne; Tammelin, Tuija; Sääkslahti, Arja; Watt, Anthony; Villberg, Jari; Kettunen, Tarja; Mehtälä, Anette; Poskiparta, Marita
The purposes of this study were to assess seasonal, daily, and gender variations in children's physical activity (PA). ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers were used to record the three-year-old children's PA levels for five consecutive days in autumn and winter. Complete data for both seasons were obtained for 47 children. Despite a…
Directly Observed Physical Activity among 3-Year-Olds in Finnish Childcare
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Soini, Anne; Villberg, Jari; Sääkslahti, Arja; Gubbels, Jessica; Mehtälä, Anette; Kettunen, Tarja; Poskiparta, Marita
The main purpose of the study was to determine 3-year-olds' physical activity levels and how these vary across season, gender, time of day, location, and the physical and social environment in childcare settings in Finland. A modified version of the Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children-Preschool (OSRAC-P) was used…
Tetralogy of Fallot in a 6-year-old albino ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Laniesse, Delphine; Hébert, Julie; Larrat, Sylvain; Hélie, Pierre; Pouleur-Larrat, Bénédicte; Belanger, Marie C.
Tetralogy of Fallot associated with bidirectional shunting across a large ventricular septal defect, was found in a 6-year-old ferret. The prognosis associated with tetralogy of Fallot is usually poor. This case is interesting given the advanced age of the ferret. The bidirectional shunting, responsible for an acyanotic disease, may explain the unexpected prolonged survival in this ferret. PMID:24790231
Behaviour and Skills in Six-Year-Old Children in a "High Risk" Programme
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Knivsberg, Ann-Mari; Iversen, Synnove; Nodland, Magne; Reichelt, Karl-L
Problem behaviour hampers learning and the normal development of skills and competencies. The children in focus in this article from Norway are six-year-olds with persistent problem behaviour. Early identification of these children is imperative for the implementation of structured educational interventions. Knowledge about their behaviour and…
Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus in a 15-year-old boy
Hedawoo, J. B.; Nagdeve, N. G.; Sarve, G. N.
A 15-year-old boy with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the lower esophagus is reported because of its rarity. The patient presented with dysphagia for 3 months and weight loss. The case was treated with radical excision, with excellent immediate response. PMID:20975784
Delay of Gratification in Two- and Three-Year-Olds: Associations with Attachment, Personality, and Temperament
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mittal, Renu; Russell, Beth S.; Britner, Preston A.; Peake, Philip K.
Delay of gratification in young children has been linked to long-term behavioral and academic outcomes. This study explored temperament, personality, and child-parent attachment as possible associates of delay ability. The sample consisted of 50 2- and 3-year-old children and their primary caregivers. Two laboratory tasks, the Preschool Strange…
What Is Appropriate Mathematics Education for Four-Year-Olds?: Pre-Kindergarten Teachers' Beliefs
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lee, Joon Sun; Ginsburg, Herbert P.
This study explored pre-kindergarten teachers' beliefs about the appropriateness of early mathematics education. Thirty pre-kindergarten teachers of four-year-olds, half working with low-SES children at publicly funded pre-kindergartens and the other half with middle-SES children at private pre-kindergartens, were interviewed concerning written…
Two-Year-Olds Are Vigilant of Others' Non-Verbal Cues to Credibility
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Birch, Susan A. J.; Akmal, Nazanin; Frampton, Kristen L.
Data from three experiments provide the first evidence that children, at least as young as age two, are vigilant of others' non-verbal cues to credibility, and flexibly use these cues to facilitate learning. Experiment 1 revealed that 2- and 3-year-olds prefer to learn about objects from someone who appears, through non-verbal cues, to be…
Memory Loss, Behavioral Changes, and Slurred Speech in a 49-Year-Old Man
Chugh, Chandril; Lee, John M.; Biller, José
A 49-year-old man presented with slurred speech, memory loss, and behavioral changes. His clinical course was marked by decline in functional status and cognition. He had poorly controlled hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Neuroimaging was remarkable for multiple subcortical white matter lesions. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of rapidly progressing cognitive decline in the given clinical setting. PMID:21562603
Hands as Companions of the Mind: Essential Practical Life for the 5-Year-Old
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gilder, Sharon Allen
Numerous observations in Montessori classrooms led veteran Montessorians Pamela W. Trumble and Eleni Bokas to the conclusion that a universal need exists to bring integrity back to Practical Life, especially for 5-year-olds. Maria Montessori's observations over a century ago revealed the importance of Practical Life and its relationship to the…
[A case of porphyria cutanea tarda in an 11-year-old boy].
Pindycka-Piaszczyńska, M; Danik, E; Bendkowski, W
A rare case of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) in an 11-year-old boy is presented. The clinical manifestations were typical. Results of porphyrin analyses of urine and serum with a fluorescence emission maximum around 398 nm revealed a pattern consistent with PCT. PMID:8692611
Four Year Old Children's Acquisition of Print Knowledge during Electronic Storybook Reading
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gong, Zhiyu; Levy, Betty Ann
The experiment reported here explored the importance of engaging 4-year-old children's interest in the print itself during storybook reading. We explored the effect of computer animation of the print in order to draw the child's attention to each word as it was read. We also investigated the influence of illustrating that not all visual displays…
Examining Genetic and Environmental Effects on Social Aggression: A Study of 6-Year-Old Twins
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brendgen, Mara; Dionne, Ginette; Girard, Alain; Boivin, Michel; Vitaro, Frank; Prusse, Daniel
Using a genetic design of 234 six-year-old twins, this study examined (a) the contribution of genes and environment to social versus physical aggression, and (b) whether the correlation between social and physical aggression can be explained by similar genetic or environmental factors or by a directional link between the phenotypes. For social…
Lullaby Light Shows: Everyday Musical Experience among Under-Two-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Young, Susan
This article reports on information gathered from a set of interviews carried out with 88 mothers of under-two-year-olds. The interviews enquired about the everyday musical experiences of their babies and very young children in the home. From the process of analysis, the responses to the interviews were grouped into three main areas: musical…
Collaborative Problem Solving in Five-Year-Old Children: Evidence of Social Facilitation and Social Loafing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Arterberry, Martha E.; Cain, Kathleen M.; Chopko, Stephanie A.
Children's problem solving while working by themselves or with a partner was investigated to explore whether young children are susceptible to social facilitation and social loafing. Five-year-olds were asked to complete easy or hard puzzles, either alone or with a partner. Half of the children were given instructions indicating that their…
Fatal cerebral haemorrhage in a hypertensive seven-year-old boy
Brandtner, Herwig; Monticelli, Fabio C; Meyer, Harald J; Biebl, Ariane
A seven-year-old boy died from autopsy-proven brain haemorrhage due to hypertensive vasculopathy. This emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and therapy of hypertension in children. Brain haemorrhage is a potentially fatal complication of paediatric hypertension. PMID:27688895
Collaboration between 3- and 4-Year-Olds in Self-Initiated Play on Instruments
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Young, Susan
This article reports on a study of collaborative music-making on instruments among 3- and 4-year-old children. An area equipped with musical instruments was provided as a free-choice play option in an early childhood setting and a fixed camera recorded the children's play continuously during a number of visits. From the total 17 h of data five…
Brief Report: Citizenship Concepts among Adolescents. Evidence from a Survey among Belgian 16-Year Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dejaeghere, Yves; Hooghe, Marc
In this research note we investigate the occurrence of citizenship concepts among adolescents in Belgium. The analysis is based on the Belgian Youth Survey (2006), which is a representative survey among 6330 16-year olds in the country. Citizenship concepts were shown to be multi-dimensional, with distinct factors for conventional or electoral…
Creppy Crawlies. Developing an Early Interest in Science: A Preschool Science Curriculum. (3-Year-Olds).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Summer, Gail L.; Giovannini, Kathleen
This science teaching guide on insects and animals for 3-year-olds is based on a modification of the "Plan, Do, Review" approach to education devised by High Scope in Ypsilanti, Michigan. First implemented as an outreach early childhood program in North Carolina, the science activities described in this guide can be adapted to various early…
Understanding Linear and Exponential Growth: Searching for the Roots in 6- To 9-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ebersbach, Mirjam; Van Dooren, Wim; Van den Noortgate, Wim; Resing, Wilma C. M.
Previous studies have suggested that children as young as 9 years old have developed an understanding of non-linear growth processes prior to formal education. The present experiment aimed at investigating this competency in even younger samples (i.e., in kindergartners, first, and third graders, ages 6, 7 and 9, respectively). Children (N=90)…
Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in a 14-year-old quarter horse stallion.
Olsen, T F
A 14-year-old, quarter horse stallion was presented in lateral recumbency, unable to rise. Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy was diagnosed, based on presentation, clinical signs, and the ruling out of other possibilities. After initial rapid improvements, ataxia remained, as did chronic cystitis secondary to bladder paralysis. He was euthanized after 2 months. PMID:11265193
Self-Controlled Feedback in 10-Year-Old Children: Higher Feedback Frequencies Enhance Learning
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chiviacowsky, Suzete; Wulf, Gabriele; de Medeiros, Franklin Laroque; Kaefer, Angelica; Wally, Raquel
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether learning in 10-year-old children--that is, the age group for which the Chiviacowsky et al. (2006) study found benefits of self-controlled knowledge of results (KR)--would differ depending on the frequency of feedback they chose. The authors surmised that a relatively high feedback frequency…
Learning Benefits of Self-Controlled Knowledge of Results in 10-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chiviacowsky, Suzete; Wulf, Gabriele; Laroque de Medeiros, Franklin; Kaefer, Angelica; Tani, Go
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the learning benefits of self-controlled knowledge of results (KR) would generalize to children. Specifically, the authors chose 10-year-old children representative of late childhood. The authors used a task that required the children to toss beanbags at a target. One group received KR…
Developing Bilingualism in a Two-Year Old Gujarati-English Learning Child.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Christian, Jane M.
This document is a report on English acquisition by a 2-year old Gujarati-speaking child. Overall language development is dealt with only partially. Two aspects of this development are concentrated on. These are (1) phonological accomodation of English and Gujarati in a changing and increasing system, and (2) concentration of English lexemes in…
The Great Recession and Behavior Problems in 9-Year Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schneider, William; Waldfogel, Jane; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne
This article examines associations between the Great Recession and 4 aspects of 9-year olds' behavior--aggression (externalizing), anxiety/depression (internalizing), alcohol and drug use, and vandalism-using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth cohort drawn from 20 U.S. cities (21% White, 50% Black, 26% Hispanic,…
Enhancing the Executive Functions of 3-Year-Olds in the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Perone, Sammy; Molitor, Stephen J.; Buss, Aaron T.; Spencer, John P.; Samuelson, Larissa K.
Executive functions enable flexible thinking, something young children are notoriously bad at. For instance, in the dimensional change card sort (DCCS) task, 3-year-olds can sort cards by one dimension (shape), but continue to sort by this dimension when asked to switch (to color). This study tests a prediction of a dynamic neural field model that…
Intellectual Assessment of 111 Four-Year-Old Children with Phenylketonuria
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dobson, James C.; And Others
Available from: Arthur Retlaw and Associates, Inc., Suite 2080, 1603 Orrington Avenue, Evanston, Illinois 60201. A sample of 4-year-old children (n=111) with PKU (phenylketonuria) who were placed on dietary therapy between 3 and 92 days of age were assigned to two treatment groups based on "moderate" and "low" serum phenylalanine levels.…
Wakefulness (Not Sleep) Promotes Generalization of Word Learning in 2.5-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Werchan, Denise M.; Gómez, Rebecca L.
Sleep enhances generalization in adults, but this has not been examined in toddlers. This study examined the impact of napping versus wakefulness on the generalization of word learning in toddlers when the contextual background changes during learning. Thirty 2.5-year-old children (M = 32.94, SE = 0.46) learned labels for novel categories of…
Improving Social Competence through Emotion Knowledge in 2-Year-Old Children: A Pilot Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Giménez-Dasí, Marta; Fernández-Sánchez, Marta; Quintanilla, Laura
Research Findings: The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of an educational intervention program to improve emotion knowledge, emotion regulation, and social competence in 2-year-old Spanish children. This study makes two original contributions because there are no validated education programs for such young children and because it…
Maternal Teaching during Play with Four-Year-Olds: Variation by Ethnicity and Family Resources
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tamis-LeMonda, Catherine S.; Sze, Irene Nga-Lam; Ng, Florrie Fei-Yin; Kahana-Kalman, Ronit; Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Mothers' spontaneous teaching of their 4-year-olds was observed during block play in 230 dyads from low-income African American, Mexican, Dominican, and Chinese backgrounds. Blocks contained graphics that could be used to teach concepts in literacy, math, construction, or body/color. Coders noted how often mothers taught each of the concepts,…
Fatal cerebral haemorrhage in a hypertensive seven-year-old boy.
Brandtner, Herwig; Monticelli, Fabio C; Meyer, Harald J; Biebl, Ariane; Budka, Herbert
A seven-year-old boy died from autopsy-proven brain haemorrhage due to hypertensive vasculopathy. This emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and therapy of hypertension in children. Brain haemorrhage is a potentially fatal complication of paediatric hypertension. PMID:27688895
The Relationship between Bible Reading and Attitude toward Substance Use among 13-15 Year Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Francis, Leslie J.
The relationship between Bible reading and attitude toward drug use is examined among a sample of 25,888 teenagers, 13-15 year olds, throughout England and Wales. Information about sex, age, personality, belief in God, and church attendance was also considered. The conclusion is that Bible reading makes a small but significant contribution to…
What Would You Look Like If You Were 100 Years Old?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Petersen, Hugh
Describes a project inspired by the 100th day of school in which first-grade students created a self-portrait of themselves at 100 years old and wrote an accompanying essay. States that the students drew wrinkles on the faces, age-appropriate clothing, gray or white hair, and even glasses as a finishing touch. (CMK)
An Experiment on Impatiens New Guinea for 11-12 Year Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McEwan, Birgitta
The following experiment describes an easy experiment for children 11-12 years old, performed during spring in a compulsory school near Karlstad, Sweden. Four different ripe fruits were placed under flowering plants of Impatiens New Guinea (Impatiens hawkeri) for four days on a table and with plastic bags around both plants and fruits. For one of…
[Multiloculated mesenteric and retroperitoneal tumour - lymphatic malformation - in a 4-year-old girl].
Obuchowicz, Anna; Łoboda, Magdalena; Madziara, Wojciech; Jarecka, Beata
Mesenteric cysts are rare and mostly benign abdominal tumours in children. Majority of them are lymphangiomas (lymphatic malformations). We diagnosed a broad, multiloculated mesenteric and retroperitoneal cyst, associated with intensive inflammation, in a 4-year-old girl. Surgical therapy was fully successful.
Five- to 8-Year-Old Emirati Children's and Their Teachers' Perceptions of War
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Buldu, Mehmet
This study examined 5- to 8-year-old Emirati children's and their teachers' perceptions of war. Data for this study were collected through drawings and semi-structured interviews. A phenomenological procedure was used to analyze the data. Younger children could not articulate the details of the specific nature of war. Many children defined war as…
Cognitive Components of a Mathematical Processing Network in 9-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Szucs, Dénes; Devine, Amy; Soltesz, Fruzsina; Nobes, Alison; Gabriel, Florence
We determined how various cognitive abilities, including several measures of a proposed domain-specific number sense, relate to mathematical competence in nearly 100 9-year-old children with normal reading skill. Results are consistent with an extended number processing network and suggest that important processing nodes of this network are…
Phonetic Disintegration in a Five-Year-Old following Sudden Hearing Loss.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Binnie, Carl A.; And Others
The speech of a five year old boy who suffered a profound hearing loss following meningitis was sampled at two week intervals for nine months. It was speculated that phonetic processes such as diphthongization, syllabification, and prolonged duration may be strategies for enhancing feedback during speech. (Author)
Words, Shape, Visual Search and Visual Working Memory in 3-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Vales, Catarina; Smith, Linda B.
Do words cue children's visual attention, and if so, what are the relevant mechanisms? Across four experiments, 3-year-old children (N = 163) were tested in visual search tasks in which targets were cued with only a visual preview versus a visual preview and a spoken name. The experiments were designed to determine whether labels facilitated…
Dimensions of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in 3-Year-Old Preschoolers
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ezpeleta, Lourdes; Granero, Roser; de la Osa, Nuria; Penelo, Eva; Domenech, Josep M.
Background: To test the factor structure of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms and to study the relationships between the proposed dimensions and external variables in a community sample of preschool children. Method: A sample of 1,341 3-year-old preschoolers was randomly selected and screened for a double-phase design. In total, 622…
TV Guide: Two-Year-Old Children Learn To Use Video as a Source of Information.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Troseth, Georgene L.
Examined the effect of experience on children's use of video-presented information. Found that after seeing themselves "live" on their family television for 2 weeks, 2-year-olds reliably used a live video presentation of an adult hiding a toy to find the toy in an object-retrieval task. Most also transferred what they learned to a task involving…
Ensemble Perception of Size in 4-5-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sweeny, Timothy D.; Wurnitsch, Nicole; Gopnik, Alison; Whitney, David
Groups of objects are nearly everywhere we look. Adults can perceive and understand the "gist" of multiple objects at once, engaging ensemble-coding mechanisms that summarize a group's overall appearance. Are these group-perception mechanisms in place early in childhood? Here, we provide the first evidence that 4-5-year-old children use…
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: recurrent lesions affecting mandible in a 10-year-old patient.
Loducca, S V; Mantesso, A; Araújo, N S; Magalhães, M H
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease is a multifocal variant of eosinophilic granuloma, characterised by the classical triad of bony lesions, exophthalmos and diabetes insipidus. This case relates recurrent Langerhans' cell histiocytosis lesions presented as destruction of periodontal support associated with diabetes in a 10-year-old patient. Medical history suggests that the case represents a case of Hand-Schuller Christian disease.
Diverse Food Items Are Similarly Categorized by 8- to 13-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Beltran, Alicia; Knight Sepulveda, Karina; Watson, Kathy; Baranowski, Tom; Baranowski, Janice; Islam, Noemi; Missaghian, Mariam
Objective: Assess how 8- to 13-year-old children categorized and labeled food items for possible use as part of a food search strategy in a computerized 24-hour dietary recall. Design: A set of 62 cards with pictures and names of food items from 18 professionally defined food groups was sorted by each child into piles of similar food items.…
A Learning Trajectory in 6-Year-Olds' Thinking about Generalizing Functional Relationships
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Blanton, Maria; Brizuela, Bárbara M.; Gardiner, Angela Murphy; Sawrey, Katie; Newman-Owens, Ashley
The study of functions is a critical route into teaching and learning algebra in the elementary grades, yet important questions remain regarding the nature of young children's understanding of functions. This article reports an empirically developed learning trajectory in first-grade children's (6-year-olds') thinking about generalizing functional…
Markers for Persistent Specific Expressive Language Delay in 3-4-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Everitt, Andrea; Hannaford, Philip; Conti-Ramsden, Gina
Background: Identifying 3-4-year-olds who are most at risk of persisting language difficulties, and possibly specific language impairment (SLI), is difficult due to the natural variation of language in young children. In older children, markers for SLI have been identified that differentiate between children with and without SLI. It is not known…
[Multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone: late revelation in a 76-year-old woman].
Lahiani, D; Hammami, B K; Maâloul, I; Frikha, M; Baklouti, S; Jlidi, R; Ben Jemaâ, M
Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X has a variable course from a self-limited eosinophilic granuloma to an aggressive disseminated disease. It mainly affects children. We report a 76-year-old woman with multifocal bone histiocytosis X, involving the rachis, an iliac bone and the skull. The diagnosis has been established by histological exam. Outcome was favourable after chemotherapy.
How Selective Are 3-Year-Olds in Imitating Novel Linguistic Material?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bannard, Colin; Klinger, Jörn; Tomasello, Michael
In 3 studies we explored when 3-year-olds would imitate novel words in utterances produced by adult speakers. Child and experimenter took turns in requesting objects from a game master. The experimenter always went first and always preceded the object's familiar name with a novel adjective (e.g., "the dilsige duck"). In the first 2…
"With Mother" and Its Viewers: Behavior Monitoring of 2- and 3-year-olds.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kodaira, Sachiko Imaizumi; Akiyama, Takashiro
This study focused on the television viewing behavior of a sample of 277 two- and three-year-old children, who were observed by their mothers as they watched a children's studio variety television program entitled "With Mother." The program consists of skits by performers disguised as animals, songs and games, exercises, an animation segment…
Motor and Cognitive Control in a Normative Sample of 7-Year-Olds
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Roebers, Claudia M.; Kauer, Marianne
The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between cognitive and motor control by correlating individual performance on a variety of complex tasks in a normative sample of over 100 7-year-olds. While there are a few studies including children with specific developmental disorders (i.e. ADHD and DCD) showing that they share…
Two-and 3-Year-Olds Know What Others Have and Have Not Heard
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Moll, Henrike; Carpenter, Malinda; Tomasello, Michael
Recent studies have established that even infants can determine what others know based on previous visual experience. In the current study, we investigated whether 2-and 3-year-olds know what others know based on previous auditory experience. A child and an adult heard the sound of one object together, but only the child heard the sound of another…
Phonetic Inventories and Phonological Patterns of African American Two-Year-Olds: A Preliminary Investigation.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bland-Stewart, Linda M.
A study investigated phonological skills of 8 African American English (AAE)-speaking 2-year-olds. They acquired and used the same phonemes and phonological processes as described in the literature for both AAE-speaking toddlers and toddlers speaking Standard American English. Results could not distinguish typical phonological development from…
Myeloradicular Form of Neuroschistosomiasis in a Six-Year-Old Boy Infected With Schistosoma mansoni.
Salgado, João Victor; Salgado, Izabel Athayde da Silva Cruz; Braga Júnior, Leônidas Lopes; Serra, Silane Calland Marques; Barros, Verbena Maria de Carvalho; Silva, Maria José Alves; Monteiro-Neto, Valério
Neuroschistosomiasis is a severe disease caused by the presence of Schistosoma eggs and/or adult worms in the central nervous system. Schistosomal transverse myelitis represents a rare clinical form with nonspecific clinical findings, and it is thus underdiagnosed, especially in children. In this report, we describe a 6-year-old patient with the myeloradicular form of neuroschistosomiasis. PMID:26780026
Object and action picture naming in three- and five-year-old children.
Masterson, Jackie; Druks, Judit; Gallienne, Donna
The objectives were to explore the often reported noun advantage in children's language acquisition using a picture naming paradigm and to explore the variables that affect picture naming performance. Participants in Experiment 1 were aged three and five years, and in Experiment 2, five years. The stimuli were action and object pictures. In Experiment 1, action pictures produced more errors than object pictures for the three-year-olds, but not the five-year-olds. A qualitative analysis of the errors revealed a somewhat different pattern of errors across age groups. In Experiment 2 there was no robust difference in accuracy for the actions and objects but naming times were longer for actions. Across both experiments, imageability was a robust predictor of object naming performance, while spoken frequency was the most important predictor of action naming. The results are discussed in terms of possible differences in the manner in which nouns and verbs are acquired.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland in an eleven years old girl.
Vijayakumar, Ananthalakshmi
We are presenting a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland in a 11 years old girl. This is a rare presentation. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common epithelial tumour of the lacrimal gland, which represents 12% of all the lacrimal fossa lesions. It typically presents in middle age and is rare in children who are under the age of sixteen years, with only a few previously reported cases.
Intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumor in an eight-year-old male.
Kanamori, Yutaka; Hashizume, Kohei; Sugiyama, Masahiko; Motoi, Toru; Fukayama, Masashi; Ida, Koumei; Igarashi, Takashi
We describe an 8-year-old male who had an intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). SFTs of the pleura are now thought to originate from subpleural mesenchymal cells, and a pathological diagnosis is obtained by a specific marker, i.e., CD34 expression on the tumor cells. The SFT reported here is an extremely rare phenotype in two respects: it originated in a child under age 10 years, and it expanded in an intrapulmonary fashion.
[Weight loss and chronic diarrhea in a 54-year-old man with HIV infection].
Pickel, S; Filipowicz, M; Bruder, E; Battegay, M; Osthoff, M
A 54-year-old man presented with a 6-week history of chronic diarrhea and weight loss of 11 kg after returning from a holiday in Thailand. The patient had a 9-year history of an untreated HIV infection. Despite treatment of a culture-proven Shigella enteritis and strongyloidiasis the symptoms persisted. Finally, cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis was diagnosed by colonoscopy. The patient recovered completely after starting antiretroviral and valganciclovir treatment. An additional opportunistic infection with multiresistant pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed.
Search for microaustralites in deep-sea sediments less than 20,000 years old
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Glass, B. P.; Wu, Jiquan
Several authors have proposed that australites fell less than 20,000 years ago. We searched for microtektites in the tops of 46 deep-sea cores and were unable to find evidence for a microtektite layer less than 20,000 years old. Either the australite fall was not accompanied by microtektites, or the strewnfield did not extend into the area searched, or the australites fell about 0.77 Ma ago as indicated by their radiometric ages.
Cyst of the Canal of Nuck in a Two Year Old Girl
Husaric, Edin; Hotic, Nesad; Halilbasic, Amir; Husaric, Senada; Rahmanovic, Emir; Suljendic, Sanimir
The canal of Nuck is analogous to a patent processus vaginalis in a male, which normally loses its communication to the peritoneal cavity within the first year of life. Failure of obliteration of this tract can result in a hydrocele. We present a rare case of a 2-year-old girl with left-sided groin swelling, diagnosed as inguinal hernia. Patient underwent surgical exploration and establishes definitive diagnosis as cyst of the canal of Nuck. PMID:25568556
Facial reconstruction of a 3500-year-old Egyptian mummy using axial computed tomography.
Hill, B; Macleod, I; Watson, L
Rebuilding faces from skulls presented for forensic identification or of historical importance has been carried out for many years using standardized methods. However, the reproduction of the face of a 3500-year-old mummy still enclosed in its cartonnage proved to be an unusual challenge. The face had to be rebuilt without opening the cartonnage to ensure preservation of the remains. Consequently, the method devised involved using the latest medical imaging technology to determine the shape of the skull.
A National Study of the Prevalence of Autism among Five-Year-Old Children in Iran
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Samadi, Sayyed Ali; Mahmoodizadeh, Ameneh; McConkey, Roy
In Iran, more than 1.3 million five-year olds have been screened for autism over three academic years, with the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is used to confirm a diagnosis of typical autism. The resulting prevalence of 6.26 per 10,000 for typical autism is in line with rates for certain…
[Social stratification and nutritional anthropometry in children under 15 years old La Escalera, Lara State, Venezuela].
Torres-Villanueva, Mario; Dellán-Rodríguez, Graciela; Papale-Centofanti, Jham; Rodríguez, Dioslibeth; Mendoza, Norelis; Berné, Yelitza
Malnutrition is a public health problem for underdeveloped countries. From the 852 million of undernourished estimated by FAO between 2000 and 2002, 815 million belonged to underdeveloped countries, 28 million to countries in transition and 9 million to developed countries. Malnutrition in Venezuela had a 6% raise between 2000 and 2002, when it went from 11% to 17%. This work was done with children under 15 years old from La Escalera, using classic indicators and their combination, relating them with socioeconomic conditions, through the NBI and Graffar Méndez Castellano methods, as to consider the population nutritional profile. The higher prevalence corresponded to normal nutritional values, which oscillated between 55,7% and 80,7% in the 7-14 years old group and the 2-6 years old group, respectively. Malnutrition was found in the under 2 years old group and 7-14 years old group, with values ranging between 12,5 and 41,0% respectively. The least prevalence was found for excess malnutrition. 100% of the families in this study are poor, according to NBI; although the Graffar Mendez Castellano method established that poverty was about 60%, while 40% belonged to a medium-low status. Relating nutritional diagnosis with social stratification and the mother's educational level, three patterns were observed: III, IV and V, prevailing normal diagnosis, followed by malnutrition by deficit and malnutrition by excess, respectively. The predominating mother's educational level corresponded to incomplete high school, followed by analphabetism and the least prevalent has complete basic elementary education. It should be noted that the nutrition deficit was inversely related to the socioeconomic stratification and the mother's educational level.
Development and verification of child observation sheet for 5-year-old children.
Fujimoto, Keiko; Nagai, Toshisaburo; Okazaki, Shin; Kawajiri, Mie; Tomiwa, Kiyotaka
The aim of the study was to develop a newly devised child observation sheet (COS-5) as a scoring sheet, based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), for use in the developmental evaluation of 5-year-old children, especially focusing on children with autistic features, and to verify its validity. Seventy-six children were studied. The children were recruited among participants of the Japan Children's Cohort Study, a research program implemented by the Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX) from 2004 to 2009. The developmental evaluation procedure was performed by doctors, clinical psychologists, and public health nurses. The COS-5 was also partly based on the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 (Kyoto Scale 2001). Further, the Developmental Disorders Screening Questionnaire for 5-Years-Olds, PDD-Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS), doctor interview questions and neurological examination for 5-year-old children, and the Draw-a-Man Test (DAM) were used as evaluation scales. Eighteen (25.4%) children were rated as Suspected, including Suspected PDD, Suspected ADHD and Suspected MR. The COS-5 was suggested to be valid with favorable reliability (α=0.89) and correlation with other evaluation scales. The COS-5 may be useful, with the following advantages: it can be performed within a shorter time frame; it facilitates the maintenance of observation quality; it facilitates sharing information with other professions; and it is reliable to identify the autistic features of 5-year-old children. In order to verify its wider applications including the screening of infants (18months to 3years old) by adjusting the items of younger age, additional study is needed. PMID:23415454
[Sudden death of a 16-year-old girl with WPW syndrome: a case report].
Wöllner, Kirsten; Doberentz, Elke; Madea, Burkhard
The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a usually benign heart disease with accessory pathways. Circling excitations arise between atria and ventricles which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Cases of sudden cardiac death are rare (0.2 %). Risk factors for sudden cardiac death in patients with WPW syndrome are old age, several accessory pathways, male sex and previous syncopes. A 16-year-old girl was found lying dead in her bed. The evening before, she didn't feel well and complained about abdominal pain. The girl had known epilepsy and Wolff- Parkinson-White syndrome. The macroscopic and histological findings are presented and discussed with reference to the pertinent literature.
Four-Year-Olds Use a Mixture of Spatial Reference Frames
Negen, James; Nardini, Marko
Keeping track of unseen objects is an important spatial skill. In order to do this, people must situate the object in terms of different frames of reference, including body position (egocentric frame of reference), landmarks in the surrounding environment (extrinsic frame reference), or other attached features (intrinsic frame of reference). Nardini et al. hid a toy in one of 12 cups in front of children, turned the array when they were not looking, and then asked them to point to the cup with the toy. This forced children to use the intrinsic frame (information about the array of cups) to locate the hidden toy. Three-year-olds made systematic errors by using the wrong frame of reference, 4-year-olds were at chance, and only 5- and 6-year-olds were successful. Can we better understand the developmental change that takes place at four years? This paper uses a modelling approach to re-examine the data and distinguish three possible strategies that could lead to the previous results at four years: (1) Children were choosing cups randomly, (2) Children were pointing between the egocentric/extrinsic-cued location and the correct target, and (3) Children were pointing near the egocentric/extrinsic-cued location on some trials and near the target on the rest. Results heavily favor the last possibility: 4-year-olds were not just guessing or trying to combine the available frames of reference. They were using the intrinsic frame on some trials, but not doing so consistently. These insights suggest that accounts of improving spatial performance at 4 years need to explain why there is a mixture of responses. Further application of the selected model also suggests that children become both more reliant on the correct frame and more accurate with any chosen frame as they mature. PMID:26133990
Children's Spatial Representations: 3- and 4-Year-Olds are Affected by Irrelevant Peripheral References.
Krüger, Markus; Jahn, Georg
Children as young as 3 years can remember an object's location within an arrangement and can retrieve it from a novel viewpoint (Nardini et al., 2006). However, this ability is impaired if the arrangement is rotated to compensate for the novel viewpoint, or, if the arrangement is rotated and children stand still. There are two dominant explanations for this phenomenon: self-motion induces an automatic spatial updating process which is beneficial if children move around the arrangement, but misleading if the children's movement is matched by the arrangement and not activated if children stand still and only the arrangement is moved (see spatial updating; Simons and Wang, 1998). Another explanation concerns reference frames: spatial representations might depend on peripheral spatial relations concerning the surrounding room instead on proximal relations within the arrangement, even if these proximal relations are sufficient or more informative. To evaluate these possibilities, we rotated children (N = 120) aged between 3 and 6 years with an occluded arrangement. When the arrangement was in misalignment to the surrounding room, 3- and 4-year-olds' spatial memory was impaired and 5-year-olds' was lightly impaired suggesting that they relied on peripheral references of the surrounding room for retrieval. In contrast, 6-years-olds' spatial representation seemed robust against misalignment indicating a successful integration of spatial representations. PMID:26617537
Atypical radiological manifestations of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 12-year-old girl.
Ko, S-M; Choe, B-K; Kim, H-S; Lee, H-J; Kwon, K-Y
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare pulmonary disease that typically affects cigarette smokers from 30-40 years of age onwards. It is very rare in children, especially for those under 15 years of age. We report an atypical radiological manifestation of isolated pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 12-year-old girl that showed multifocal consolidation and multiple small nodules on an initial chest radiograph, and gradual fibrotic change with multiple cysts on follow-up chest radiographs and CT scans.
Gouty arthritis in a 15-year-old girl with Bartter's syndrome.
Derakhshan, Nima; Derakhshan, Dorna; Basiratnia, Mitra; Fallahzadeh, Mohammad Hossein; Hashemi, Ghamar; Derakhshan, Ali
A 15-year-old girl, a known case of Bartter's syndrome (BS) for 7 years, developed severe pain in her right knee and right and left ankle. Her older sister had BS and developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at the age of 14 years. Her serum uric acid was 12.6 mg/dL, 6 months ago, and 15.4 mg/dL in her recent lab data. Hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis are commonly seen in adults with BS, but to our knowledge there is no report of gouty arthritis in pediatric literature.
Dental and periodontal status of 12-year-old Bulang children in China
Background Bulang is an ethnic minority group living in Yunnan in the southwestern part of China. There is little information pertaining to the oral health of Bulang children. This study aims to examine the dental caries and periodontal status of 12-year-old Bulang children in China and the factors affecting their oral-health status. Methods 12-year-old Bulang school children in Yunnan, China, were recruited through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Following the recommendation of the World Health Organization, caries experiences were recorded using the DMFT index and periodontal status with the CPI index. A self-completed questionnaire was used to collect information on the background and oral health-related behaviours of the children. Results A total of 900 children in primary schools were invited, and 873 (97%) joined the survey. Their caries prevalence was 35%. Their caries experience in mean DMFT (±SD) score was 0.6 ± 1.1, and 94% of the carious teeth had no treatment. Most children (71%) had bleeding gums, and 58% of them had calculus. Girls and those who had visited a dentist in the previous year had higher caries risk. Conclusions Dental caries was common among the 12-year-old Bulang children in China. Most of the carious teeth were left untreated. Caries prevalence was associated with gender and dental attendance. Their periodontal condition was poor, and more than half of them had calculus. PMID:24708768
Coronary artery occlusion after arterial switch operation in an asymptomatic 15-year-old boy.
Saini, Ashish P; Cyran, Stephen E; Ettinger, Steven M; Pauliks, Linda B
A 15-year-old boy with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and neonatal arterial switch operation (ASO) presented with complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery (LMCA). Intra-operatively, an intramural left coronary artery was identified. Therefore, since age 7 years he had a series of screening exercise stress tests. At 13 years old, he had 3 to 4 mm ST segment depression in the infero-lateral leads without symptoms. This progressed to 4.2 mm inferior ST segment depression at 15 years old with normal stress echocardiogram. Sestamibi myocardial perfusion scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was inconclusive. Therefore, a coronary angiogram was obtained which showed complete occlusion of the LMCA with ample collateralization from the right coronary artery system. This was later confirmed on a computed tomogram (CT) angiogram, obtained in preparation of coronary artery bypass grafting. The case illustrates the difficulty of detecting coronary artery stenosis and occlusion in young patients with rich collateralization. Coronary CT angiogram and conventional angiography were the best imaging modalities to detect coronary anomalies in this adolescent with surgically corrected TGA. Screening CT angiography may be warranted for TGA patients, particularly for those with known coronary anomalies.
Coronary artery occlusion after arterial switch operation in an asymptomatic 15-year-old boy
Saini, Ashish P; Cyran, Stephen E; Ettinger, Steven M; Pauliks, Linda B
A 15-year-old boy with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and neonatal arterial switch operation (ASO) presented with complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery (LMCA). Intra-operatively, an intramural left coronary artery was identified. Therefore, since age 7 years he had a series of screening exercise stress tests. At 13 years old, he had 3 to 4 mm ST segment depression in the infero-lateral leads without symptoms. This progressed to 4.2 mm inferior ST segment depression at 15 years old with normal stress echocardiogram. Sestamibi myocardial perfusion scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was inconclusive. Therefore, a coronary angiogram was obtained which showed complete occlusion of the LMCA with ample collateralization from the right coronary artery system. This was later confirmed on a computed tomogram (CT) angiogram, obtained in preparation of coronary artery bypass grafting. The case illustrates the difficulty of detecting coronary artery stenosis and occlusion in young patients with rich collateralization. Coronary CT angiogram and conventional angiography were the best imaging modalities to detect coronary anomalies in this adolescent with surgically corrected TGA. Screening CT angiography may be warranted for TGA patients, particularly for those with known coronary anomalies. PMID:27574609
Coronary artery occlusion after arterial switch operation in an asymptomatic 15-year-old boy.
Saini, Ashish P; Cyran, Stephen E; Ettinger, Steven M; Pauliks, Linda B
A 15-year-old boy with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and neonatal arterial switch operation (ASO) presented with complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery (LMCA). Intra-operatively, an intramural left coronary artery was identified. Therefore, since age 7 years he had a series of screening exercise stress tests. At 13 years old, he had 3 to 4 mm ST segment depression in the infero-lateral leads without symptoms. This progressed to 4.2 mm inferior ST segment depression at 15 years old with normal stress echocardiogram. Sestamibi myocardial perfusion scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was inconclusive. Therefore, a coronary angiogram was obtained which showed complete occlusion of the LMCA with ample collateralization from the right coronary artery system. This was later confirmed on a computed tomogram (CT) angiogram, obtained in preparation of coronary artery bypass grafting. The case illustrates the difficulty of detecting coronary artery stenosis and occlusion in young patients with rich collateralization. Coronary CT angiogram and conventional angiography were the best imaging modalities to detect coronary anomalies in this adolescent with surgically corrected TGA. Screening CT angiography may be warranted for TGA patients, particularly for those with known coronary anomalies. PMID:27574609
1- and 2-year-olds' expectations about third-party communicative actions.
Thorgrimsson, Gudmundur B; Fawcett, Christine; Liszkowski, Ulf
Infants expect people to direct actions toward objects, and they respond to actions directed to themselves, but do they have expectations about actions directed to third parties? In two experiments, we used eye tracking to investigate 1- and 2-year-olds' expectations about communicative actions addressed to a third party. Experiment 1 presented infants with videos where an adult (the Emitter) either uttered a sentence or produced non-speech sounds. The Emitter was either face-to-face with another adult (the Recipient) or the two were back-to-back. The Recipient did not respond to any of the sounds. We found that 2-, but not 1-year-olds looked quicker and longer at the Recipient following speech than non-speech, suggesting that they expected her to respond to speech. These effects were specific to the face-to-face context. Experiment 2 presented 1-year-olds with similar face-to-face exchanges but modified to engage infants and minimize task demands. The infants looked quicker to the Recipient following speech than non-speech, suggesting that they expected a response to speech. The study suggests that by 1 year of age infants expect communicative actions to be directed at a third-party listener.
Traumatic brain injury in infants and toddlers, 0–3 years old
Gorgan, MR; Tascu, A; Sandu, AM; Rizea, RE
Object: Children 0–3 years old present a completely different neurotraumatic pathology. The growing and the development processes in this age group imply specific anatomical and pathophysiological features of the skull, subarachnoid space, CSF flow, and brain. Most common specific neurotraumatic entities in children 0–3 years old are cephalhematoma, subaponeurotic (subgaleal) hematoma, diastatic skull fracture, grow skull fracture, depressed ('ping–pong') skull fracture, and extradural hematoma. Methods: We present our 10 years experience in neuropediatric traumatic brain injuries, between 1999 and 2009, in the First Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Including criteria were children, 0–3 years old, presenting only traumatic brain injury. We excluded patients with politrauma, who require a different management. Results: We present the incidence of these specific head injuries, clinical and imagistic features, treatment, and outcome. We found 72 children with diastatic skull fracture, 61 cases with depressed ('ping–pong') skull fracture, 22 cases with grow skull fracture, 11 children harboring intrusive skull fracture, 58 cephalhematomas, 26 extradural hematomas, and 7 children with severe brain injury and major posttraumatic diffuse ischemia ('black–brain'). Usually, infants and toddlers present with seizures, pallor, and rapid loss of consciousness. First choice examination, in all children was cerebral CT–scan, and for follow–up, we performed cerebral MRI. We emphasize on the importance of seizure prevention in this age group. Children presenting with extensive diffuse ischemia ('black–brain') had a poor outcome, death occurring in all 7 cases. Conclusion: Children 0–3 years old, present with a total distinctive pathology than adults. Children with head injury must be addressed to a pediatric department of neurosurgery and pediatric intensive care unit. Prophylaxis pays the most important role in
Erosive Tooth Wear and Related Risk Factors in 8- and 14-Year-Old Greek Children.
Provatenou, Efthymia; Kaklamanos, Eleftherios G; Kevrekidou, Aikaterini; Kosma, Ismini; Kotsanos, Nikolaos
The aim of the present study was to investigate the erosive tooth wear of primary and permanent teeth and its association with related risk factors. Two groups of Greek children aged 8 (n = 329) and 14 years (n = 263) were examined in the classroom using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. Data concerning risk factors were collected using questionnaires. Dental caries (DMFS/dmfs) was also recorded. The data were analyzed using the t test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, Fisher's exact test, and the χ2 test. In the 8-year-olds, the primary teeth showed a predominantly medium level of wear and the permanent teeth no wear. A majority of the 14-year-olds exhibited low risk levels of wear. The most frequently affected dental surface in both age groups was the occlusal surface of the mandibular posterior teeth. In the 8-year-olds, BEWE scores and the prevalence of wear in the primary teeth was influenced by gender (p = 0.020). In their permanent teeth, soft drink consumption (p < 0.0001) and preference for lemon/vinegar (p = 0.041) significantly affected wear prevalence and BEWE scores, while habitually retaining soft drinks in the mouth influenced wear prevalence (p = 0.008), risk (p = 0.004), and BEWE scores (p = 0.022). In the 14-year-olds, wear prevalence was significantly affected by the consumption of lemon-flavored candies (p = 0.016) and soft drinks (p = 0.050). BEWE scores were significantly affected by gender (p = 0.022) and soft drink consumption (p = 0.030). Gender influenced tooth wear risk in both age groups (p = 0.010 and p = 0.021, respectively). The results of this study indicate that erosive tooth wear differed between primary and permanent teeth and was influenced by gender and dietary factors. PMID:27286713
The Emergent Literacy Skills of Four-Year-Old Children Receiving Free Kindergarten Early Childhood Education in New Zealand
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Westerveld, Marleen F.; Gillon, Gail T.; van Bysterveldt, Anne K.; Boyd, Lynda
This study investigated the emergent literacy and language skills of four-year-old children in New Zealand during their kindergarten year prior to school-entry. A total of 92 four-year-old children from a range of socio-economic areas were seen individually at their local kindergarten and were assessed on code-related measures (letter name…
Evaluation of Increased Flexibility for 14 to 16 Year Olds Programme: Outcomes for the Second Cohort. Research Report RR786
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Golden, Sarah; O'Donnell, Lisa; Benton, Tom; Rudd, Peter
The Increased Flexibility Programme for 14 to 16 year olds (IFP) was introduced in 2002. The aim of the programme was to "create enhanced vocational and work-related learning opportunities for 14 to 16 year olds of all abilities who can benefit most", including supporting provision of the GCSEs in vocational subjects. The first cohort of Year 10…
Indirect cavernous carotid fistula in a 12-year-old girl
Livi, Francesca; Ndoro, Samuel; Caird, John; Crimmins, Darach
We present a very rare case of indirect cavernous carotid fistula (CCF) in a 12-year-old girl. Indirect CCF is extremely rare in the paediatric population. A 12-year-old girl presented with a 7-month history of frontal headaches and intermittent left-sided proptosis. On examination, she had dilated and engorged scleral veins on the left eye, mild dysdiadochokinesia and past pointing on the left side. A brain computer tomography with contrast, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and interventional radiography (IR) cerebral angiogram confirmed the diagnosis of CCF. The CCF was embolized and a follow-up brain MRI and an IR cerebral angiogram were conducted over the course of 8 months that revealed no evidence of residual CCF. CCF, though rare in the paediatric population, should be highly considered in the differential diagnosis when dilated scleral veins, proptosis and dysdiadokinesis are present in the clinical setting. Prompt treatment has good prognostic results. PMID:27273682
[Association between Crohn's disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis in a 10 year old girl].
Muñoz Lozón, Ana; Iglesias Blázquez, Cristina; Menéndez Arias, Cristina; Domínguez Sánchez, Patricia
A 10 year old girl with diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss and fever of one month and a half of evolution. Analytical and sonographic findings raised the possibility of inflammatory bowel disease. Endoscopy and histology showed findings consistent with Crohn's disease. Treatment was initiated with mesalazine and exclusive enteral nutrition. Later corticosteroid treatment, immunosuppressive drugs and ursodeoxycholic acid were added due to cholestasis and persistent hypergammaglobulinemia. Magnetic resonance cholangiography and liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis. The association between Crohn's disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis is rare, predominantly in males between 20 and 40 years old and it presents a great clinical variability. The confirmation of the diagnosis requires magnetic resonance cholangiography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The prognosis is poor and there is no treatment to slow the progression of the disease.
[Assessment of fruit and vegetable intake among the 50-year-old population of Wroclaw].
Ilow, Rafał; Regulska-Ilow, Bozena; Misiewicz, Dominika; Rózańska, Dorota; Kowalisko, Alicja; Biernat, Jadwiga
Intake of fruit and vegetable among 50-year-old population of Wroclaw and the impact of education level on the consumption of fruits and vegetables was assessed. The study group was 50-year-old, 1520 inhabitants of Wroclaw (879 women and 641 men), who participated in 2008 in the Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Program organized by the Health Division of the Municipal Office in Wroclaw. To assess fruit and vegetable intake Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used. The mean daily intake of vegetables and fruit was 289,4 g for women and 209,1 g for men. Women consumed significantly more vegetables, fruits, and the amounts of fruits and vegetables compared with men. The impact of educational level on fruit and vegetable consumption in the study group was found.
Indirect cavernous carotid fistula in a 12-year-old girl.
Livi, Francesca; Ndoro, Samuel; Caird, John; Crimmins, Darach
We present a very rare case of indirect cavernous carotid fistula (CCF) in a 12-year-old girl. Indirect CCF is extremely rare in the paediatric population. A 12-year-old girl presented with a 7-month history of frontal headaches and intermittent left-sided proptosis. On examination, she had dilated and engorged scleral veins on the left eye, mild dysdiadochokinesia and past pointing on the left side. A brain computer tomography with contrast, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and interventional radiography (IR) cerebral angiogram confirmed the diagnosis of CCF. The CCF was embolized and a follow-up brain MRI and an IR cerebral angiogram were conducted over the course of 8 months that revealed no evidence of residual CCF. CCF, though rare in the paediatric population, should be highly considered in the differential diagnosis when dilated scleral veins, proptosis and dysdiadokinesis are present in the clinical setting. Prompt treatment has good prognostic results.
[A twelve-years-old girl with multiloculated gynandroblastoma CD99 negative: case report].
Sierra-Avendaño, Jairo Alonso; García-Pino, Ricardo; Pérez-García, Gabriel Eduardo
The ginandroblastoma is an extremely rare ovarian tumor which shows components of granulosa cells and Sertoli/Leydig cells. We describe a case of a twelve-years-old girl who presented abnormal uterine bleeding and progressively growing intraabdominal mass associated with menorrhagia, CA-125 60.4 UI/mL and extension studies reporting cystic mass in the left ovary. She underwent oophorectomy. Pathological study shows a multilocular tumor filled with serous material. Many Call-Exner bodies were observed in the histopathological analysis, 45% of Sertoli/Leydig cells. Immunohistochemistry was reactive for inhibin, calretinin and pCK while AE1/AE3 and CD99 markers were negative. This is the first case report about a multiloculated gynandroblastoma, negative for CD99 in a 12-years-old girl. Thus, the study of this clinical case represents a systematic approach for tumors of the sex cord cells.
Auditory sensory memory in 2-year-old children: an event-related potential study.
Glass, Elisabeth; Sachse, Steffi; von Suchodoletz, Waldemar
Auditory sensory memory is assumed to play an important role in cognitive development, but little is known about it in young children. The aim of this study was to estimate the duration of auditory sensory memory in 2-year-old children. We recorded the mismatch negativity in response to tone stimuli presented with different interstimulus intervals. Our findings suggest that in 2-year-old children the memory representation of the standard tone remains in the sensory memory store for at least 1 s but for less than 2 s. Recording the mismatch negativity with stimuli presented at various interstimulus intervals seems to be a useful method for studying the relationship between auditory sensory memory and normal and disturbed cognitive development.
Phonological development in 4-6-year-old moderately hearing impaired children.
Huttunen, K H
The acquisition of clear phonological rules is of utmost importance for a child when he/she is learning to decode and convey meanings using spoken language. Fifteen Finnish-speaking children, five normally hearing (NH) 3-year-olds and 10 moderately hearing impaired (HId) 4-6-year-olds were studied here. Speech samples consisting of 62 words were collected from each child during a picture naming task. Frequent phonetic (articulation) errors together with normal (but delayed) and deviant phonological processes of HId children were found in this study. The frequency and quality of the processes seemed to be related more to the grade of HI than, for example, the age of the child. Implications for speech therapy are briefly discussed.
Synovial Sarcoma in the Foot of a 5-Year-Old ChildA Case Report.
Lepow, Gary M; Grimmer, Daniel L; Lemar, Onya V; Bridges, Evan A
The purpose of this case report is to present a rare finding of synovial sarcoma in a 5-year-old child. Most soft-tissue masses of the foot are too often presumed to be small and benign; therefore, compared with soft-tissue sarcomas, they are difficult to clinically differentiate and treat. A 5-year-old girl presented with a painful lesion that was diagnosed as synovial sarcoma after an excisional biopsy was performed. This was an unexpected finding of synovial sarcoma involving the tibialis posterior tendon of her right foot. The patient presented with an 8-month history of tenderness and an antalgic gait. We would like to encourage that all soft-tissue tumors of the foot be preoperatively evaluated with the aid of diagnostic imaging so that a well-planned biopsy assessment can be performed, with adequate margins excised.
Electromyographic responses to emotional facial expressions in 6-7 year olds with autism spectrum disorders.
Deschamps, P K H; Coppes, L; Kenemans, J L; Schutter, D J L G; Matthys, W
This study aimed to examine facial mimicry in 6-7 year old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to explore whether facial mimicry was related to the severity of impairment in social responsiveness. Facial electromyographic activity in response to angry, fearful, sad and happy facial expressions was recorded in twenty 6-7 year old children with ASD and twenty-seven typically developing children. Even though results did not show differences in facial mimicry between children with ASD and typically developing children, impairment in social responsiveness was significantly associated with reduced fear mimicry in children with ASD. These findings demonstrate normal mimicry in children with ASD as compared to healthy controls, but that in children with ASD the degree of impairments in social responsiveness may be associated with reduced sensitivity to distress signals.
A 70-Year-Old Man With Large Cervical and Mediastinal Lymphadenopathies
Narechania, Shraddha; Valent, Jason; Farver, Carol
We present a case of a 70-year-old man with enlarged mediastinal and cervical lymph nodes that provided interesting radiologic and pathologic observations. The 70-year-old black man was found to have enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. He had symptoms of atypical chest pain and generalized weakness for 2 weeks prior to the diagnosis. He denied shortness of breath, fever, chills, or night sweats. He was treated for hypertension and onychomycosis. Basic laboratory findings were within normal limits. Pulmonary function tests at the time of presentation showed FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio of 123% predicted, 133% predicted, and 0.7, respectively. Meanwhile, total lung capacity and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity were 103% and 107% predicted, respectively. Two weeks before he presented to our institution, the patient underwent bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies of the right lower lobe and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of the right hilar lymph nodes. PMID:26149568
Synovial Sarcoma in the Foot of a 5-Year-Old ChildA Case Report.
Lepow, Gary M; Grimmer, Daniel L; Lemar, Onya V; Bridges, Evan A
The purpose of this case report is to present a rare finding of synovial sarcoma in a 5-year-old child. Most soft-tissue masses of the foot are too often presumed to be small and benign; therefore, compared with soft-tissue sarcomas, they are difficult to clinically differentiate and treat. A 5-year-old girl presented with a painful lesion that was diagnosed as synovial sarcoma after an excisional biopsy was performed. This was an unexpected finding of synovial sarcoma involving the tibialis posterior tendon of her right foot. The patient presented with an 8-month history of tenderness and an antalgic gait. We would like to encourage that all soft-tissue tumors of the foot be preoperatively evaluated with the aid of diagnostic imaging so that a well-planned biopsy assessment can be performed, with adequate margins excised. PMID:27489968
Conjunctival lymphangioma in a 4-year-old girl revealed tuberous sclerosis complex
Freiberg, Florentina Joyce; Kunstmann, Erdmute; König, Thomas; Matlach, Juliane; Kampik, Daniel
Background: To present a case of conjunctival lymphangioma in a 4-year-old girl with tuberous sclerosis complex. Methods/results: A 4-year-old girl presented with a relapsing cystic lesion of the bulbar conjunctiva in the right eye with string-of-pearl-like dilation of lymphatic vessels and right-sided facial swelling with mild pain. Best-corrected vision was not impaired. Examination of the skin revealed three hypomelanotic macules and a lumbal Shagreen patch. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings displayed minimal enhancement of buccal fat on the right side. Cranial and orbital MRI showed signal enhancement in the right cortical and subcortical areas. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous deletion encompassing exon 1 and 2 of the TSC1 gene (tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene), confirming the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex. Conclusion: In conjunctival lymphangioma, tuberous sclerosis complex should be considered as the primary disease. PMID:27703871
Niemann-Pick Disease Type B in a 21 Year Old Male.
Haque, M A; Miah, M Z
Niemann-pick disease is a group of autosomal recessive disorder of lipid storage with progressive accumulation of sphingomyelin and other lipids in the lysosomes of various tissues. We are reporting a 21 year old male who had hepatosplenomegaly, cherry red macula and normal cognitive function. Bone marrow biopsy showed plenty of foam cells and sphingomyelinase level was low, thus conforming our diagnosis. Survival into adulthood and absence of gross neurological involvement suggests Niemann-Pick disease type B. PMID:27277377
Left lung agenesis discovered by a spontaneous pneumothorax in a 20-year-old girl
Hentati, Abdessalem; Neifar, Chawki; Abid, Walid; M'saad, Sameh
Lung agenesis is a rare condition which prognosis widely depends on associated malformations. Clinical presentation is so variable and diagnosis is often made in childhood. Here, we present a case of a 20-year-old girl who was admitted because of a spontaneous pneumothorax. Explorations concluded at a left lung agenesis, a hyperinflated right lung crossing the midline with a corresponding pneumothorax. There was no malformation else. This congenital condition and treatment for this rare presentation are discussed in detail. PMID:27051112
Progressive paranoid psychosis in a 20-year-old with central congenital hypoventilation syndrome.
Dranovsky, Alex; Needleman, Joshua P; Sylvester, Jessica; VanHeertum, Ronald; Muskin, Philip R
A 20-year-old man with a history of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome presented with recent-onset psychosis, catatonia, and a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Psychiatric symptoms were resistant to conventional treatment. A fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan of the brain obtained during the hospitalization revealed a hypometabolism distribution more consistent with hypoperfusion than with primary central nervous system disease. Increased mechanical ventilation was successfully used to treat the psychiatric symptoms.
A 29-year-old man with an unusual cause of an abscess
Vachhani, Shivangi; Cioletti, Anne
A 29-year-old man with no medical history presented with a left scalp abscess and left temporal oedema. He was initially started on treatment for community acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Over the next 2 weeks, his swelling improved; however, he continued to have localised swelling and drainage from the area. Eventually, larvae of a botfly were removed from his scalp, and his symptoms resolved. PMID:25336544
Multimodal Imaging after Sudden Cardiac Arrest in an 18-Year-Old Athlete
Rehman, Mobeen Ur; Atalay, Michael K.; Broderick, Ryan J.
We report the case of a previously healthy 18-year-old male athlete who twice presented with sudden cardiac arrest. Our use of electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, coronary angiography, coronary computed tomographic angiography, and nuclear stress testing enabled the diagnoses of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and anomalous origin of the right coronary artery. We discuss the patient's treatment and note the useful role of multiple cardiovascular imaging methods in cases of sudden cardiac arrest. PMID:26664308
[Osteoblastoma of the dens axis in a 14-year-old boy. A case report].
Daszkiewicz, Paweł; Roszkowski, Marcin; Barszcz, Sławomir; Kuczyński, Dariusz; Grajkowska, Wiesława
We present a case of osteoblastoma of C1 in a 14-year-old boy. The case deserves attention because it is a conglomerate of issues important from the point of view of clinical practice. Key issues associated with this interdisciplinary pathology are discussed, such as diagnostic problems, stabilisation of the cervical spine and extensive surgery associated with the risk of severe bleeding in a Jehovah Witness. A short review of pertinent literature is included. PMID:16273469
Pemphigus foliaceus in an 11-year-old mexican girl with response to oral dapsone.
García-Meléndez, Martha Elena; Eichelmann, Kristian; Salas-Alanís, Julio César; Gomez-Flores, Minerva; Ocampo-Candiani, Jorge
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is rarely described in the pediatric population with less than 40 cases reported in the literature. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl who was diagnosed with PF after 6 months of starting with symptoms and who responded well to therapy with oral dapsone. Although therapeutic guidelines for PF in children are lacking, oral corticosteroids in combination with dapsone have proven to be effective as first-line treatment in this setting.
Pemphigus Foliaceus in an 11-Year-Old Mexican Girl with Response to Oral Dapsone
García-Meléndez, Martha Elena; Eichelmann, Kristian; Salas-Alanís, Julio César; Gomez-Flores, Minerva; Ocampo-Candiani, Jorge
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is rarely described in the pediatric population with less than 40 cases reported in the literature. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl who was diagnosed with PF after 6 months of starting with symptoms and who responded well to therapy with oral dapsone. Although therapeutic guidelines for PF in children are lacking, oral corticosteroids in combination with dapsone have proven to be effective as first-line treatment in this setting. PMID:24416609
Reaction of 5 and 6 year olds to dental injection after viewing the needle: pilot study.
Maragakis, G M; Musselman, R J; Ho, C C
The aim was to evaluate the practice of hiding the needle prior to dental anesthesia administration to children. Fourteen 5 and 6 year olds received dental treatment in two sessions. The needle was shown in one session and hidden in the other. Eleven children were cooperative and 3 uncooperative irrespective of approach. The children's behavior correlated with fears expressed by the mothers. Our initial fndintgs do not support the practice of hiding the needle. PMID:17091654
Individual, family, and neighborhood correlates of independent mobility among 7 to 11-year-olds
Janssen, Ian; Ferrao, Thomas; King, Nathan
Objective. Independent mobility refers to the freedom that children have to move around their neighborhood without adult supervision. It is related to their physical activity and health. We examined the intrapersonal, family, and neighborhood correlates of independent mobility within children. Methods. 497 American parents of 6.9–11.9 year olds completed a survey (November, 2014) that assessed their child's independent mobility range, several intrapersonal characteristics of their child (gender, age, race, etc.), several characteristics of their family (family structure, socioeconomic status, parental physical activity, etc.), and their perceptions of the safety of their neighborhood (18 questions reduced to 4 components). Associations were determined using ordinal logistic regression. Results. Children's age, parent's perception that their neighborhood is safe for children, and parent's fear of neighborhood crime were the independent correlates of independent mobility. Compared to 6.9–7.9 year olds, the odds ratio (95% CI) for increasing independent mobility were 2.31 (1.47–3.64) in 8.0–9.9 year olds and 3.38 (2.13–5.36) in 10.0–11.9 year olds. Compared to children whose parents who did not perceive that their neighborhood was safe for children, the odds ratio for increasing independent mobility was 4.24 (2.68–6.70) for children whose parents perceived their neighborhood was safe for children. Compared to children whose parents had the lowest fear of neighborhood crime, the odds ratio for increasing independent mobility was 0.41 (0.27–0.62) for children whose parents had the highest fear of crime. Conclusions. Children's independent mobility was associated with their age, their parent's perception that their neighborhood was safe for children, and their parent's fear of crime. PMID:26844195
Clinicopathological conference: A 71-year-old female with neurological deficits, chest pain, and electrocardiographic changes.
Narang, Aneesh T; Alian, Andrus
The authors present a case of a 71-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with slurred speech, left sided facial droop, and right arm and leg weakness. During her ED stay, she developed left sided chest pain and right arm numbness in the setting of EKG changes. The patient's clinical course is outlined and a discussion of the potential etiologies as well as the clinical management is provided.
Suspected disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a 3-year-old Perro de Presa Canario dog.
Denstedt, Emily
A 3-year-old intact male Perro de Presa Canario dog was presented with acutely inflamed and edematous right hind limb, scrotum, prepuce, and an enlarged left carpus. Two weeks later the dog returned with weight loss, draining tracts in the right hind limb, dermal nodules, a palpable abdominal mass, and uveitis in the left eye. The dog succumbed to his illness 2 days later and a widely disseminated round cell tumor compatible with histiocytic sarcoma was diagnosed following postmortem examination.
Prevalence of Speech Delay in 6-Year-Old Children and Comorbidity with Language Impairment.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shriberg, Lawrence D.; Tomblin, J. Bruce; McSweeney, Jane L.
This study estimated the incidence of speech delay based on a demographically representative sub-sample of 1,328 monolingual English-speaking 6-year-old children. Among six major findings were: (1) the prevalence of speech delay was 3.8 percent; (2) speech delay was 1.5 times more prevalent in boys than girls; and (3) comorbidity of speech delay…
Central pontine myelinolysis associated with Wilson disease in a 7-year-old child
Verma, Rajesh; Rai, Dheeraj
Wilson disease is a rare heredodegenerative inborn error of copper metabolism with varied neuropsychiatric, hepatic and other manifestations. Here we report a case of Wilson disease with neurological manifestations in a 7-year-old girl with concurrent asymptomatic liver involvement and characteristic radiological findings of signal intensity alterations in bilateral striata and thalami along with changes in central pons too like central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), which is of rare occurrence. PMID:23704419
Trisomy 18 mosaicism in a 15-year-old boy with normal intelligence and short stature
We report a 15-year-old boy with mosaicism for trisomy 18 and normal intelligence. Approximately 50% of his leukocytes are trisomic. This patient represents the sixth report of an individual with trisomy 18 mosaicism and normal intelligence. Those individuals with trisomy 18 mosaicism and normal intelligence need to be advised of increased risks for offspring with chromosome abnormalities and offered the option of prenatal diagnosis for cytogenetic anomalies. 6 refs.
Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor in a 5-year-old boy: a case report.
Desai, Rajiv S; Sabnis, Rajesh; Bhuta, Bansari A; Yadav, Archana
The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), formerly known as calcifying odontogenic cyst, is a rare developmental neoplasm/cyst of odontogenic epithelial origin with considerable histopathologic diversity and variable clinical behaviour. The occurrence of CCOT in the first decade of life is very uncommon. We report an interestingly rare variant of CCOT with ameloblastomatous proliferation affecting the mandibular left posterior region associated with an impacted permanent tooth in a 5-year-old boy.
Solitary Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia in a 12-Year-Old Girl.
Jin, Moran; Lee, Yang-Haeng; Kim, Bomi; Yoon, Young Chul; Wi, Jin Hong
Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia is a premalignant lesion reflecting a focal proliferation of atypical cells. These lesions are usually observed as incidental findings in lungs that have been resected due to other conditions, such as lung cancer. We report the youngest case of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia on record in a 12-year-old girl. In this patient, the lesion was found in association with pneumothorax.
[A fitting power curve equation for the accumulative inhaling volume in Chinese under 19 years old].
Shang, Q; Zhou, H
A fitting power curve equation based on the breath frequency and body weight for the accumulative inhaling volume in Chinese under 19 years old was established. The equation is Y = 754.37 + 258.34 X1.9038, and the fitting is good (R2 = 0.9974). It is useful for estimating the degree of exposure to air pollutants of people in their young period. PMID:12725097
[Oedema and haemorrhagic diathesis in a 50-year-old woman with thyrotoxicosis].
Kozlov, A; Joeres, R; Braun, U
We describe the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with tachyarrhythmia, mild fever, peripheral oedema, ascites, epistaxis and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Blood analysis revealed hyperthyroxinaemia. Analysis of thyroid-stimulating antibodies highlighted Graves' disease being the cause of the prevailing thyrotoxic crisis. Remarkable in this case of thyrotoxicosis is a liver affection without elevated transaminases but disturbed serum protein synthesis leading to hypalbuminaemic oedema and haemorrhagic complications. Thyrostatic treatment led to clinical response.
Carbamyl phosphate synthase deficiency: diagnosed during pregnancy in a 41-year-old.
Eather, G; Coman, D; Lander, C; McGill, J
Carbamyl phosphate synthase deficiency (CPS) is a rare urea cycle defect. We present a case of a 41-year-old woman diagnosed with CPS deficiency during pregnancy. She is the oldest CPS-deficient patient, at diagnosis, reported to date and the first to be diagnosed during pregnancy. This case highlights the need for consideration of inborn errors of metabolism in adults presenting with unusual neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Metaphoric Car Drawings By a 12-Year-Old Congenitally Blind Girl.
Chao, Hsin-Yi; Kennedy, John M
A 12-year-old congenitally-blind girl drew a car moving, stationary, and braking. For stationary, she put the wheels inside the car and, for braking, drew the wheels as rough rectangles. At the age verbal metaphor is understood (Winner, 1988), the girl invented metaphoric drawings. In these, what is shown is not what is meant. In late childhood, metaphor may be understood similarly in pictures and words and by the sighted and blind.
A 45-Year-Old Man With Delayed Onset of OSA Events During Polysomnography.
Barone, Daniel A; Krieger, Ana C
A 45-year-old man with a medical history that included asthma and chronic nasal congestion presented for an evaluation of possible OSA. He reported loud snoring, witnessed apneas in sleep, and daytime sleepiness. The patient's score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was 12 of 24, indicating excessive sleepiness. His nasal congestion had been treated with frequent use of an over-the-counter nasal decongestant.
Intra-arterial Chemotherapy for Adult Onset Retinoblastoma in a 32-Year-Old Man.
Magan, Tejal; Khoo, Chloe T L; Jabbour, Pascal M; Fuller, Dwain G; Shields, Carol L
A 32-year-old man with active unilateral group D retinoblastoma that was recurrent following external beam radiotherapy was treated with intra-arterial chemotherapy, leading to tumor regression. Additional plaque radiotherapy and intravitreal chemotherapy were required for complete control. Final visual acuity was 20/40. In selected cases, adult-onset retinoblastoma can be managed with intra-arterial chemotherapy. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53:e43-e46.]. PMID:27486894
Endobronchial leiomyoma in an immunocompetent four-year-old female child.
Gupta, Pallav; Aggarwal, Riti; Rijal, Prashant; Chugh, Krishan
Pulmonary leiomyoma are uncommonly encountered benign mesenchymal neoplasms in children, usually found in immunosuppressed individuals in association with human immunodeficiency virus or Ebstein-Barr virus infection. We describe an interesting case of a 4-year-old immunocompetent girl who presented with pleural effusion and lung collapse secondary to endobronchial leiomyoma. She underwent a left thoracotomy and a left pneumonectomy for excision of the bronchial mass.
Understanding of Guns, Gun Play, and Aggressivity Among 5-9 Year Old Children.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
LaVoie, Joseph C.; Adams, Gerald R.
Knowledge about guns and the relation between play with guns and aggressivity was assessed in a group of 5-9 year old children. Each child was questioned about his gun play and his understanding of guns after he was shown a display of two toy and two real guns. This data was then correlated with a teacher rating of aggression for each child.…
Gastric adenocarcinoma presenting with thromboembolism in a 13-year-old boy.
Hunter, Wendy L M
Abdominal pain is a frequent complaint in the pediatric emergency department. A 13-year-old boy presented with complaints of abdominal pain, hematemesis, headache, and leg pain. Further investigation revealed an advanced-stage gastric adenocarcinoma with multiple thromboembolism including the greater saphenous vein and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. This case points out the challenges of diagnosing this rare condition and treating the primary tumor and thromboembolism in the setting of both hypercoagulable state and gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID:25738239
Dystonia as acute adverse reaction to cough suppressant in a 3-year-old girl.
Polizzi, A; Incorpora, G; Ruggieri, M
Cough suppressant preparations containing mixtures of dextromethorphan or codeine with antihistamines, decongestants (sympathomimetic), expectorants and antipyretics with either sedative or anticholinergic activity have been associated with dystonic reactions in children. We report on a 3-year-old girl who presented with episodic stiffness and abnormal posturing with rigidity after arbitrary maternal administration of a mixture of methylcodeine and extract from Hedera plant. PMID:11587381
Kleine-Levin syndrome in a 14-year-old girl: CSF hypocretin-1 measurements.
Podestá, Claudio; Ferreras, Mónica; Mozzi, Marcela; Bassetti, Claudio; Dauvilliers, Yves; Billiard, Michel
CSF hypocretin-1 measurements were performed during a period of hypersomnia and during an asymptomatic interval in a 14-year-old girl affected with severe Kleine-Levin syndrome. A twofold decrease in hypocretin-1 was evidenced during the period of hypersomnia in comparison with the asymptomatic interval. Together with previous data, this result is in favour of recurrent dysfunction at the hypothalamic level in Kleine-Levin syndrome.
Atypical rabies encephalitis in a six-year-old boy: clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings.
Karande, Sunil; Muranjan, Mamta; Mani, Reeta Subramaniam; Anand, Ashwini Manoor; Amoghimath, Raghavendraswami; Sankhe, Shilpa; Belludi, Ashwin Yajaman; Madhusudana, Shampur Narayan
A 6-year-old boy from India developed an atypical form of rabies following a stray dog bite and as a consequence of not receiving the standard World Health Organization recommended post-exposure prophylaxis for category III wounds. Serial rising rabies virus neutralizing antibody titres in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test helped confirm the diagnosis of rabies. The child has survived for 4 months since the onset of illness, albeit with neurological sequelae.
Isolated Hepatic Basidiobolomycosis in a 2-Year-Old Girl: The First Case Report
Geramizadeh, Bita; Sanai Dashti, Anahita; Kadivar, Mohammad Rahim; Kord, Shirin
Introduction: Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis is an emerging infection, with fewer than 80 cases reported in the English literature. Case Presentation: Also, a few cases of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis, accompanied by liver involvement as part of a disseminated disease, have been reported. Conclusions: This is the first case report of an isolated liver involvement of this fungal infection in a 2-year-old girl, who presented with a liver mass resembling a hepatic abscess. PMID:26322112
The prevalence of dental erosion in 5-year-old preschoolers in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Gopinath, Vellore Kannan
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of 5-year-old preschoolers in Sharjah, affected by dental erosion and to assess the predictors. Materials and Methods: A total of 403 5-year-old children were examined of which 48.14% (n = 194) were boys and 51.86% (n = 209) were girls; 31.27% (n = 126) were Emirati and 68.73% (n = 277) were non-Emirati Arabs. Examination of dental erosion was confined to palatal surfaces of maxillary incisors using the erosion index described in the UK National Survey of Children's Dental Health, 1993. Dental caries was charted using the World Health Organization 1997 criteria. Results: In the sample of 403 5-year-old preschoolers examined, dental erosion was apparent in 237 (58.80%) children, with 55.09% showing the dissolution of enamel and 3.72% exhibiting exposed dentin. Predictors of dental erosion as determined by logistic regression concluded that compared to Emirati citizens other Arab nationalities have 0.27 times the odds (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.18–0.42) of having tooth erosion (P < 0.05). Children with caries experience have 0.28 times the odds (95% CI = 0.16–0.51) of having tooth erosion compared to children with no caries experience (P < 0.05). Children who drink sugary or carbonated beverages have 0.30 times the odds (95% CI = 0.19–0.41) of having dental erosion compared to children who drink water (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that 58.80% of 5-year-old preschoolers in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, were affected by dental erosion. Caries experience and consumption of acidic drinks were associated with dental erosion. PMID:27095899
Pulmonary Aspergillosis in a Previously Healthy 13-Year-Old Boy
Rayment, Jonathan H.; Narang, Indra
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare, polygenic primary immunodeficiency. In this case report, we describe a previously healthy 13-year-old boy who presented with multifocal pulmonary aspergillosis and was subsequently diagnosed with an autosomal recessive form of chronic granulomatous disease. CGD has a variable natural history and age of presentation and should be considered when investigating a patient with recurrent or severe infections with catalase-positive organisms. PMID:27445540
Individual, family, and neighborhood correlates of independent mobility among 7 to 11-year-olds.
Janssen, Ian; Ferrao, Thomas; King, Nathan
Objective. Independent mobility refers to the freedom that children have to move around their neighborhood without adult supervision. It is related to their physical activity and health. We examined the intrapersonal, family, and neighborhood correlates of independent mobility within children. Methods. 497 American parents of 6.9-11.9 year olds completed a survey (November, 2014) that assessed their child's independent mobility range, several intrapersonal characteristics of their child (gender, age, race, etc.), several characteristics of their family (family structure, socioeconomic status, parental physical activity, etc.), and their perceptions of the safety of their neighborhood (18 questions reduced to 4 components). Associations were determined using ordinal logistic regression. Results. Children's age, parent's perception that their neighborhood is safe for children, and parent's fear of neighborhood crime were the independent correlates of independent mobility. Compared to 6.9-7.9 year olds, the odds ratio (95% CI) for increasing independent mobility were 2.31 (1.47-3.64) in 8.0-9.9 year olds and 3.38 (2.13-5.36) in 10.0-11.9 year olds. Compared to children whose parents who did not perceive that their neighborhood was safe for children, the odds ratio for increasing independent mobility was 4.24 (2.68-6.70) for children whose parents perceived their neighborhood was safe for children. Compared to children whose parents had the lowest fear of neighborhood crime, the odds ratio for increasing independent mobility was 0.41 (0.27-0.62) for children whose parents had the highest fear of crime. Conclusions. Children's independent mobility was associated with their age, their parent's perception that their neighborhood was safe for children, and their parent's fear of crime.
A Case of Psoriasis Replaced by Allergic Contact Dermatitis in a 12-Year-Old Boy.
Brown, Margaret E; Browning, John C
Allergic contact dermatitis is a significant clinical problem in children and one that the use of essential oils and natural remedies probably exacerbates. We report a case of chronic plaque psoriasis replaced by allergic contact dermatitis in a 12-year-old boy. We suspect that the immunologic response to a hapten in lavender oil disrupted the pathogenesis of psoriasis, causing the psoriasis to temporarily "disappear." PMID:26646574
A 13-year-old girl with a cystic cerebellar lesion: consider the hydatid cyst.
Is, Merih; Gezen, Ferruh; Akyuz, Fevzullah; Aytekin, Hikmet; Dosoglu, Murat
We report a 13-year-old girl with a hydatid cyst located in the posterior fossa. The pre-operative diagnosis was a cerebellar tumour; the cyst was operated on using puncture, aspiration, irrigation and resection. Sixteen months post-operatively, the patient is in a good health. A hydatid cyst must always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the cranium, especially for those children living in rural areas.
Metaphoric Car Drawings By a 12-Year-Old Congenitally Blind Girl.
Chao, Hsin-Yi; Kennedy, John M
A 12-year-old congenitally-blind girl drew a car moving, stationary, and braking. For stationary, she put the wheels inside the car and, for braking, drew the wheels as rough rectangles. At the age verbal metaphor is understood (Winner, 1988), the girl invented metaphoric drawings. In these, what is shown is not what is meant. In late childhood, metaphor may be understood similarly in pictures and words and by the sighted and blind. PMID:26562853
Hamartoma of the urinary bladder in a 15-year-old boy
Al Shahwani, Noora; Alnaimi, Abdulla Rashid; Ammar, Adham; Al-ahdal, Esra M.
Hamartoma of the bladder is an unusual entity described in only eleven patients to date. It may present as painless hematuria, irritative urinary tract symptoms, or inability to void or it may be diagnosed incidentally. Hamartoma of the bladder may be isolated or occur as part of a syndrome. No isolated bladder hamartoma to date has shown malignant potential. We describe here a bladder hamartoma in a 15-year-old boy. PMID:27274896
Unusual presentation of nasopharyngeal (juvenile) angiofibroma in a 45 year old female.
Madhavan Nirmal, R; Veeravarmal, V; Santha Devy, A; Ramachandran, C R
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare tumour, comprising 0.05% of the head and neck tumours, histologically benign, locally invasive, and has a specific predilection for nasopharynx and adolescent males. This article presents an unusual case of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in a 45-year-old female patient, manifesting as a destructive maxillary lesion and discusses the two most important factors regarding this tumour, the etio-pathogenesis and spread.
A 15-year-old boy with snoring and molar tooth sign.
El-Kersh, Karim; Senthilvel, Egambaram
A 15-year-old boy presented for evaluation of snoring and sleep-disordered breathing. The parents noted that the patient snored every night and that he had episodes when he stopped breathing, ending with gasping for air. He had no history of sleep walking, night terrors, tongue biting, or seizures. The patient had two healthy siblings, but he had a history of intellectual disability and developmental delay. The patient had a history of adenotonsillectomy. PMID:25846539
Coronary artery spasm after ingestion of Imodium (loperamide) in a 14-year-old boy
Sehar, Tayyaba; Sadiq, Masood
We report a 14-year-old boy who presented with acute chest pain, following the ingestion of loperamide for acute diarrhea. Twelve lead electrocardiogram (ECG) showed evidence of acute ischemia indicating acute coronary artery spasm. The changes reverted with treatment within a few hours with no permanent effect on myocardial function. This report highlights a rare side effect of loperamide, often debated in adults and never reported in adolescents. PMID:27212851
Ischaemic stroke in a 21-year-old with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Kane, Ingrid; Pitt Ford, Alexandra; Lawton, Kirsty; Poitelea, Marius; Gainsborough, Nicola
A 21-year-old man presented with an acute ischaemic stroke. He had a history of epistaxis and a family history of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. We gave thrombolysis after some deliberation, and he made a good neurological recovery. This case highlights the link between hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and ischaemic stroke, the potential risks of thrombolysis in such patients and the need to consider pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients with stroke.
The Neural Correlates of Processing Newborn and Adult Faces in 3-Year-Old Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Peykarjou, Stefanie; Westerlund, Alissa; Cassia, Viola Macchi; Kuefner, Dana; Nelson, Charles A.
The current study examines the processing of upright and inverted faces in 3-year-old children (n = 35). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a passive looking paradigm including adult and newborn face stimuli. We observed three face-sensitive components, the P1, the N170 and the P400. Inverted faces elicited shorter P1 latency and…