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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung Newspaper Archives
May 24, 2000
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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - May 24, 2000, New Braunfels, Texas Inside Abby................................5A Classifieds.......................5-6B Comics ...................2B Crossword........................5A Forum.................................6A Local/Metro........................4A Movies.................................5A Obituaries...........................3A Sports............................7-8A Today.................................2A Television.............................2B www.herald-zeltung.com Key Code 76Watching the river flowGood, not ideal, weekend expected K. JESSIE SLATEN/Herald-Zeitung Tuesday afternoon saw a handful of people braving the cool water of the Guadalupe River for a slow ride. Thanks to needed rainfall, officials will release IOO cubic feet per second from the dam throughout the weekend. By Erin MAGRUDER Staff Writer Those coming to the New Braunfels area Memorial Day weekend with dreams of floating down the Guadalupe River won't be disappointed, although conditions likely won't be ideal. Thanks to the recent rainfall that gave a much-needed boost to Canyon Reservoir, Guadalupe-Bianco River Authority officials said Monday GBRA would release about IOO cubic feet per second or greater from the dam throughout the annual seasonal kick-off weekend. The news might come as a relief to those worried seasonal tourism might all but dry up due to stubborn drought conditions. The beefed up flows should be enough to allow adequate and safe recreational releases for the masses expected to crowd the river, said Water Oriented Recreation District manager George Cushanick. "It's not going to eliminate the shallow areas entirely, but the river will be navigable," Cushanick said. "The river's higher than its been in six months. It's flowing good now, and people are still going to have a good time." Persistent drought conditions and declining levels at Canyon Lake prompted GBRA to implement federally-mandated drought release provisions April 30 to conserve the stored water supply of the reservoir, GBRA general manager Bill West said. Releases will be limited — despite predicted rainfall in the normally wet month of May — until the lake returns to the normal conservation level, 909 feet above mean sea level, said Judy Gardner, GBRA director of education and communication. As of press time Tuesday, Canyon Reservoir elevation measured 905.1 feet above mean sea level. GBRA officials said flows would not dip below 90 cfs throughout the weekend —a vast improvement over recent flows that dipped as low as 60 cfs, an insufficient release rate for recreation, officials said. And tourists and residents planning See TUBING/3A best available copy NEWfc -"MFELS JJ tope-T * < f) J > * *-• / Ai v. . 61 Vtv Wu'0/;i°* Water Restrictions ■ New Braunfels Utilities customers with addresses ending in 5 can water today after 7 p.m. Well users with addresses ending in 4 or 5 can water today after 8 p.m. SU UNG A _ —— — ^ OM 18 pages in 2 sections Public no shows at budget/tax hearing From Staff Reports Meetings intended to give the public a chance to comment on New Braunfels Independent School District's proposed budget and tax rate were over in about eight minutes Monday night. No one showed to give their 2-cents worth on the $40.3 million budget — up from last year's $37,993 million budget — or the $1,786 per $100 of assessed valuation tax rate, up from $1.64. NBISD is expected to set its budget for fiscal year 2000 in an adoption vote scheduled for 6:30 p.m. Tuesday night. Of the $1,786 tax rate, $1.48 — the same as last year and two cents below the state-mandated maximum — will go to maintenance and operations. The remaining 28.8 cents will go to debt service. NBISD's debt service is 12.8 cents higher than last year with the issuance of the first $22 million of last year's $75 million bond for district renovations and upgrades. The 12.8 cents will be applied toward retiring that debt. This year's budget was cut about $1 million during the past few weeks to balance it. It hasn't been an easy job, NBISD Superintendent Ron Reaves said. "I think the board has done a very good job in reviewing the budget and making some very hard choices in cutting it $1 million so we could balance it," Reaves said. "We know the cutbacks caused concerns. We'll have to be creative; we'll have to find some ways to do some things differently." What's Next ■ Adoption vote on the new $40.3 million NBISD budget and $1,786 tax rate, 6:30 p.m. Tuesday, May 30 in The Education Center, 430 W. Mill St. Alternative funding debated for Prop. 2 By Heather Todd Staff Writer New Braunfels residents will likely not have to pay back bonds for a new $700,000 public safety communications system after New Braunfels City Council decided Monday night to seek funding through existing revenue. City council voted unanimously Monday night to enter into a contract with the Lower Colorado River Authority to purchase the communications system. Council also directed city staff to approach the New Braunfels Infrastructure Improvement Corporation (4B board) for funding. The LCRA is offering the city a "state-of-the-art" communications system for $700,000 with an annual lease of $50,000. Of the seven bond propositions, the communications system was the only one approved at the polls May 6. At $700,000, the communications system also was the cheapest bond proposal. Because of the cost of the radio system, city staff said funding it through a bond issue would be cost prohibitive. City Manager Mike Shantis said funding it through a bond issue could cost twice as much over the long-term. Chet Lewis, chief financial officer for the city, also said the cost of issuance for a $700,000 bond would be between $20,000 and $30,000. The interest on a 20-year bond at 6 to 6.5 percent would be an additional $520,000 to $570,000. And, issuing bonds would automatically increase the tax rate by a little less than 1/2 cent. District 6 councilwoman Juliet Watson said she would prefer using money out of the city's general fund rather than exhaust 4B funds. "I don't want to take all the money out of 4B," she said. The city currently has an excess of $5 million and only $1 million is anticipated for future commitments.See COUNCIL/3A Oberkampf household still dry By Ron Maloney Staff Writer Alice Oberkampf is still schlepping water from Landa Park and New Braunfels Utilities officials are still trying to figure out how to help her stop. Oberkampf, who has been hauling gallon jugs of water out of the park for about four years, was the subject of a story that ran in the Her-ald-Zeitung a few weeks ago. NBU hasn't hooked her to the municipal system because the Texas Department of Transportation forbids cutting through the surface of a highway At that time, various officials expressed surprise that Oberkampf — whose well water has been shown in tests to be unsafe to drink — had been getting her water in the park. Oberkampf's Highway 46 property was annexed into New Braunfels in 1981. She said she's been told she would get city services, but municipal water has been a long time coming. "At first it didn't bother me," Oberkampf said. "I wasn't pushing for it because I preferred my own water. But we've had it checked several times, and it's not fit to drink." NBU officials would need to run a line under Farm-to-Market Road 1863 to give her water but the Texas Department of Transportation won't allow them to cut through the roadway. Roger Biggers, NBU assistant general manager, said estimates for boring a hole under the roadway ran upwards of $30,000, so NBU had decided it couldn't afford the expense. FM 1863 is slated for reconstruction, perhaps as early as next year. Biggers called Oberkampf when he was told of her situation, and told her he would try to work things out See WATER/3A Alice Oberkampf lugs water from Landa Park to her home, where the well water is unfit to drink. She pays city taxes but doesn't receive city water, File Photo Vol. 149 No. 133 New Braunfels Police Department detective John Villarreal, left, receives the Ed Murphy Memorial Award for outstanding ser: vice in law enforcement from Breakfast Lions Club member Ron Zipp. ERIN MAGRUDER/ Herald-Zeitung May 24, 2000 tServing Comal County since 1852 50 cents Wednesday NBPD detective honored for outstanding service By Erin MAGRUDER Staff Writer Friends and coworkers of New Braunfels Police Department detective John Villarreal say he has never been one to seek the spotlight. But behind the scenes — the FBI National Academy graduate has been working meticulously for more than 19 years to curb the criminal element and keep the city of New Braunfels safe for its residents. And as a tribute to his efforts, the New Braunfels Breakfast Lions Club honored Villarreal Tuesday morning with its annual Ed Murphy Memorial Award for outstanding service in law enforcement at Krause's Cafe, 148 S. Castell Ave. The breakfast lions were joined by NBPD Chief Ray Douglas and NBPD Lt. Mike Rust — who recommended Villarreal for the award "Outside the office I call him my friend, and inside the office he has the most tenacity I've ever seen," Douglas said. "You don't want to be the bad guy in one of his cases ... He is a man's man and a policeman's policeman." Villarreal has successfully investigated many felony cases, including murder and organized crime, and also is an expert in the science of fingerprinting. The award is named in remembrance of an officer with the Comal County Sheriff's Office who was killed in a helicopter crash in 1981 while in the line of duty, said breakfast lion Ronald Zipp, who chaired the award selection committee. "We're glad to have someone of (Villarreal's) type of stature win this award," Zipp said. "We're blessed in this community to have a lot of very skilled, very good law enforcement officers." Villarreal said receiving the award was significant because he was acquainted with Murphy through his work in local law enforcement. * "I appreciate the opportunity to be here this morning," Villarreal said. "This award has a special attachment to me." NBPD detective Sean Gabbard, who has worked with Villarreal for six years, said his co-worker's dedication and tenacity was admirable. "Besides being a personal friend, he is one of the best investigators I have ever worked with," Gabbard said. "He earned this recognition with the work he has done overall in the department." ;
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subset: commoncrawl


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New Delhi, Jan 12 (PTI) A day after the industry pitchedfor retaining stimulus measures to boost economy in Budget,trade unions today asked Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee tocontinue these only if corporate agree on not laying offemployees.
In his pre-Budget meeting with trade unions, Mukherjeealso emphasised on growth in employment opportunities.
Mukherjee said growth in employment opportunities isvital for ensuring an inclusive development process and soughtsuggestions from trade unions in this regard.
"All stimulus packages funded out of public exchequermust be made conditional to ban retrenchment, VRS, lay-off,closures, wage-cut and to create employment," Tapan Sen of CPI(M)-affiliated CITU told reporters after the meeting.
Sen said in view of huge job losses and mountingunemployment problem, "the ban on recruitment in governmentdepartments, PSUs and autonomous institutions should belifted".
The finance minister said one of the biggest challengesbefore the nation today is to find the correct balance betweenthe need for economic growth, sustainability of resourcesand bringing the disadvantaged and vulnerable section into themainstream of the development process.
He said, "We also have to address the growing aspirationsof young India. We need to have sustained higher economicgrowth with inclusive development."
Mukherjee said while the country has the advantage ofhaving a young population, the realisation of the demographicdividend would depend on employment opportunities andthe required skills.
Mukherjee said on the employment front, the quarterlyreports released by the Labour Bureau for July-September 2010show a continuing upward trend.
At the sectoral level, textile sector, IT/BPO industry,automobile industry and metal industry show an encouraginggrowth in employment, he added.
Mukherjee said that a higher growth in employment hasalso been recorded in the export-oriented units.
Trade union leaders are also for a ban on futures tradingin food items to tame the spiralling inflation.
"All trade unions, in a single voice, have told thatprice rise must be contained. If you (the government) areserious to contain price rise, then put a complete ban onfutures trading in commodities," Sen said.
Futures trading now is banned on rice and pulses, liketur and urad.
While futures trading in onion, whose prices haveskyrocketed, is allowed. However, no commodity exchange hasstarted this product.
Representatives of Left-wing trade unions like AITUC,Congress-affiliated INTUC, RSS-associated Bharatiya MazdoorSangh among others also participated in the pre-Budgetinteractions.


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I arrived in Aveley in 1957/58 I was herdsman at Bretts Farm, Romford Road and worked for David Watt. Once a year we would take the young cattle through Belhus Park then along Daglen Drive, up Stifford Road to Ford Place, then on to Davey Down's farm for the summer months. We would then bring them back in the autumn. Life was much slower then and hardly any traffic - I still live in Aveley with my wife and we had the farm shop in Romford Road for years. Then in 1980 we moved to our present address at New Farm, Sandy Lane; have fond memories of Aveley. For a short time we lived in the Old Maltings, Aveley High Street.
A memory shared byon Apr 26th, 2013.
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The cast and crew of the FOX TV Show Almost Human are working really hard here in Vancouver to make a show which will look amazing. Karl Urban and Michael Ealy have a great bond on and off screen.
In this new two minute promo for the show, we get to learn a little bit more about Dorian (Michael Ealy) from the actors and creators of the show.


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At a time when many graduates are asking "Where are the jobs?", there is a socially vital role for employers that involves asking, in some desperation: "Where are the staff ?" That expanding area of recruitment is in the increasingly professional field of attracting philanthropic funding to education. The government has made great strides to recognise the vital role of the higher education sector, but public funding is a finite resource that will only be able to take us so far.
One of the most transformative decisions a university can make is to commit to a coherent and thought-through approach to building philanthropic support – from alumni, from wealthy individuals whose aspirations match the institution's ambitions, from trusts and foundations, and from corporate donors.
"But people don't give to universities in the UK" runs a popular misconception. However, in 2006, 127,000 of them did – up from 105,000 in the year before.
"Universities aren't really charitable" runs another. In fact, they are the channel through which most of the trickiest challenges facing the world have their best chance of getting sorted. It's not just that education changes lives. Universities are on the frontline of issues such as environmental change, health and social justice.
"But a global recession is no time to be getting into fundraising" is another concern. The reverse is true. Universities' causes are long-term, but the government's three-year matched funding scheme, designed to help reinvigorate our culture of philanthropy, gives a helpful urgency to the process. We have an opportunity to explain to donors why we need to have the conversation right now.
Growing numbers of universities are signing up for this commitment. But appointing experienced staff who combine fundraising skills with the art of sympathy for education is really tough. There just aren't enough.
Institutions need to build and maintain meaningful relationships with their supporters, and in order to achieve this they need to be able to draw from a talent pool of intelligent, socially engaged people who will recognise an opportunity and have the necessary skill to seize it.
We can import these individuals, especially from the US and Canada, and we welcome the expertise transatlantic colleagues bring. We can convert them from financial services, from marketing, from sectors that rely on good listening and people skills. And we can grow our own.
The distinguished Brits leading fundraising so effectively at universities such as Oxford and Cambridge, Manchester and Glasgow didn't set out thinking: "I want to be an educational fundraiser when I grow up." But they are now running professional operations and are in a position to provide training and guidance to a generation for whom a career in fundraising is now a real possibility.
In a significant step, 12 UK universities have joined forces with Case Europe for a new three-year Hefce-supported graduate trainee programme aimed at increasing the number of high-calibre fundraising professionals working in higher education. The long-term benefits to the sector are likely to be widely felt, with a further 24 universities joining in years two and three of the scheme.
In 2006, new philanthropic funds raised by UK universities amounted to £548m. They off set student hardship and initiated research in health and the environment. They promoted the cultural life of the community. They changed lives and raised aspirationn.
Philanthropy is not merely the preserve of the rich. There are increasing opportunities for everyone who has benefited from the work of universities to ensure their continuing progress.
How much greater an impact can we have once we have grown the talent pool of fundraising staff, enabling universities with all kinds of missions to be more effective in their work?
• Joanna Motion is vice-president for international operations at the Council for Advancement and Support of Education (Case)


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Patent application title: BOTTLE FOR PACKAGING LIQUID THAT IS TO BE DISPENSED DROP BY DROP, WITH ANTIBACTERIAL PROTECTION
Jean-Frédéric Chibret (Clermont Ferrand, FR)
Alain Defemme (Chamalieres, FR)
Michel Faurie (Veyre-Monton, FR)
Fabrice Mercier (Clermont Ferrand, FR)
Fabrice Mercier (Clermont Ferrand, FR)
IPC8 Class: AB65D4718FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Means for treating eye or surface of ocular cavity dropper, douche, or eyecup for applying liquid to eye having means for positioning liquid dispenser relative to eye
Publication date: 2011-05-26
Patent application number: 20110125111
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The present invention relates to a bottle for packaging a liquid to be
distributed drop by drop comprising a reservoir the walls of which can be
reversibly elastically deformed by letting air into the container,
surmounted by a liquid dispensing head comprising a dropper nozzle
protruding from the bottle and an anti-bacterial filter membrane, that is
partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic, interposed across the
path of the liquid and the air, at the base of the said nozzle. In the
dispensing head, the proposal is to create the nozzle by itself out of a
material containing a bactericidal agent that has the effect of
preventing any bacterial growth on the surface of the said nozzle on the
outside of the antibacterial membrane. A porous core is advantageously
positioned inside the duct through which liquid is expelled and air is
1. A bottle for packaging a liquid to be dispensed drop by drop
comprising a reservoir with a wall with elastic deformation that is
reversible by letting air into the reservoir by means of a dispensing
head through which the liquid is delivered under the effect of a pressure
exerted against said wall, wherein said head for dispensing the liquid
comprises a nacelle (13) by which it is fitted in a sealed manner into
the bottle, in communication with said reservoir, and a dropper tip (1)
extending it to the outside of the bottle which is pierced with a central
channel leading to an orifice for expulsion of the liquid, and wherein
said dropper tip selectively, to the exclusion of said nacelle, is made
of a material containing a bactericidal agent having effect in the
prevention of a bacterial proliferation on the external surface of said
tip, while an antibacterial filtering membrane, mounted on the base of
said tip, between the latter and said nacelle, is interposed across the
flow of the air required to enter the bottle after a dispensing of
2. The bottle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the body of the tip is made of a material containing as a bactericidal agent an ion-bearing polymer which is uniformly distributed throughout its mass.
3. The bottle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the bactericidal ions are silver ions.
4. The bottle as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the proportion of polymer bearing ions with a bactericidal effect in the material of the tip is between 1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 2 and 5% by weight.
5. The bottle as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that, into the central channel of the tip, a core is inserted arranging a plurality of sub-channels for the expulsion of the liquid.
6. The bottle as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that said core inside the tip is made of a material comprising a bactericidal agent based on a chlorinated phenolic compound.
7. The bottle as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the material forming said core (7) contains as a bactericidal compound 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol, or triclosan.
8. The bottle as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that said subchannels are formed by grooves hollowed out on the external surface of said core.
9. The bottle as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that said subchannels are at least two in number, preferably four in number, evenly distributed about the axis of said core.
10. The bottle as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the core (7) inside the tip is a porous sintered thermoplastic material, in particular based on polyethylene.
11. The bottle as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the porous material has a mean pore dimension, the order of magnitude of which is some hundred micrometers.
12. The bottle as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the terminal portion of the expulsion channel of the external main body of the tip and the core made of porous material have a cylindrical shape, the cylindrical shape of the terminal portion of the expulsion channel conforming to the cylindrical shape of the core made of porous material.
13. The bottle as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the terminal portion of the tip is made by overmolding of the porous material.
14. The bottle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, at the base of the central channel, a peripheral boss interacting with a matching peripheral groove formed at the base of said core for the attachment by elastic snap-fitting effect of said core into said channel.
15. The bottle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it is used for the packaging of an ophthalmic solution with no preservative.
[0001] The present invention relates to the design and production of a
container bottle for a liquid to be dispensed drop by drop through a
dispensing head with a dropper tip.
[0002] The invention applies to all fields in which it may be desirable to dispense a liquid drop by drop, notably for pharmaceutical products or cosmetic products or for any solution containing no antimicrobial preservative agents.
[0003] The particularly preferred field of application of the invention, which will be more specifically described in the present description as an example, without being in any way limiting, relates to the packaging and dispensing of ophthalmic liquids, which are intended to be applied locally in the eye, in the form of drops.
[0004] Most ophthalmic solutions, irrespective of their function (treatment of an eye disease, healing, hydration, etc.) are marketed contained in a reservoir inside a receiving bottle which is fitted with a dropper tip for its dispensing directly into the eye. The dropper is pierced with a central channel for the expulsion of the liquid from the inside reservoir to the outside. It is usually attached onto the reservoir. More precisely, in the bottles to which the present invention relates, the dropper forms part of a dispensing head in which it extends from an internal portion, or nacelle, which is sealingly inserted in the bottle neck and provides communication between the reservoir and the expulsion channel.
[0005] All the bottles of this type face a problem of protection against microbial proliferation with the risk, at the time of dispensing drops, of causing the microbiological contamination of the patient eye. As a remedy it is conventional practice to use antimicrobial preservative agents which are admixed into the solution. But such agents, such as for example benzalkonium chloride, have the serious drawback of being aggressive for the eye.
[0006] For the same purpose, it is an increasingly frequent practice to fit the drop delivering systems with an antibacterial filtering membrane interposed across the liquid path between the reservoir and the dropper tip in order to prevent external contaminants reaching the solution contained in the reservoir. This solution is satisfactory with respect to the content of the bottle and so long as the bottle remains protected by a cap enclosing the dropper tip and by the overall packing. It is no longer so after the dispensing head has been uncovered for a first use, which makes it necessary to limit the duration of the bottles currently in use in order to prevent the occurrence of unwanted eye infections.
[0007] Some people have also considered they could solve the problem by adopting arrangements which exist in other sectors, where water-flow circuits are produced which consist of a material having a bactericidal activity. This is the case with patent document WO 2007/056131 which avoids the use of, an antibacterial filtering membrane by making provision to treat in this way a non-return valve through which the liquid is expelled from a bottle. In addition to the fact that this solution has not proven to have the desired effectiveness, it is reserved for bottles with irreversible deformation in which the volume of the liquid reservoir reduces with each use and no intake of air replaces the liquid consumed.
[0008] The object of the present invention is essentially to improve the health conditions associated with the use of a bottle for packaging liquid in which the liquid reservoir has a wall with reversible elastic deformation by letting air into the reservoir to replace any volume of liquid expelled and in which the air is let in through the dispensing head via the same route as the expulsion of liquid. A further object is to take full advantage of the possibilities offered by the antibacterial membranes by proposing a bottle suitable for the packaging of ophthalmic solutions with no preservative.
[0009] As the origin of the invention, it was observed that with this type of bottle, the risk of eye contamination does not come so much from the instilled liquid as from the bottle-making itself, wherein the tip is exposed to being touched by the user, to being left without its cap between two uses and to being brought too close to the eyelids.
[0010] In the bottle proposed by the invention, the head for dispensing liquid drop by drop comprises an antibacterial filtering membrane which is interposed in the path of the expelled liquid and of the air entering in compensation and which is mounted between a nacelle for sealed mounting on the bottle in communication with its internal reservoir and the dropper tip, and it is proposed to produce the dropper only, to the exclusion of the nacelle, from a material containing a bactericidal agent having an effect in antibacterial prevention of a bacterial proliferation on its external surface.
[0011] Bottles comprising such an antibacterial filtering membrane are already known per se; they prevent the bacteria that could be borne by the air entering the bottle after the expulsion of a drop of liquid from reaching the reservoir to contaminate the remaining liquid. This membrane comprises no bactericidal agent; its antibacterial action comes from its filtering properties: it prevents the bacteria from passing through it, the mean diameter of a pore of the membrane being less than or equal to 0.2 μm (for example from 0.1 to 0.2 μm). The presence of this membrane makes it possible to use the bottle for packaging a liquid which does not need to contain a preservative agent, provided however that the product is used only for a limited time after the bottle is opened. In general, one month of use at most is recommended.
[0012] Yet more specifically, the subject of the invention is a bottle for packaging a liquid which comprises a reservoir with a wall with elastic deformation that is reversible by letting air into the receptacle in order to deliver the liquid under the effect of a pressure exerted against this wall and in order to allow a spontaneous return of the receptacle to its initial conformation after delivery of a dose of liquid, the antibacterial filtering membrane being partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic. The operating principle of such a bottle has been described in detail in international patent application WO 2006/000897.
[0013] In the case of such bottles, use is made of a bifunctional membrane, which is partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic, for example made of polyamide-based or polyethersulfone-based polymer, which allows, on the one hand, liquid to pass through in the dispensing direction, under the effect of a pressure exerted by the user on the wall of the reservoir, and, on the other hand, air to pass in the reverse direction, from the outside to the reservoir, when this pressure is released after the dispensing of a drop of liquid. It is possible to buy a filtering membrane commercially, which is made partially hydrophobic on one portion of its surface, by modifying its structure notably by grafting in the presence of a radical-reaction initiator, so as to allow air to pass through from the outside to the reservoir after each dispensing operation. This treatment is notably carried out on a median strip occupying 20 to 50% of its surface area placed across the path of the liquid.
[0014] Moreover, a bottle as described in international patent application WO 2006/000897 comprises a hydrophobic microporous pad regulating the flow of liquid to be delivered, situated between the liquid-storage reservoir and the filtering membrane. It also comprises a cap for protecting the tip creating a seal when the bottle is not used for delivering liquid.
[0015] According to the invention, only the dropper tip, which is, situated beyond this antibacterial filtering membrane, is treated with a bactericidal agent. Accordingly, the liquid remaining in the reservoir does not come into contact with the surfaces of the portions in which the material contains a bactericidal agent. This therefore prevents the bactericidal agents from spoiling the liquid remaining in the reservoir over time. Supposing even that tiny fractions of liquid can enter the bottle after drop by drop expulsion of the liquid, this liquid, just like the pressure-balancing aspirated air will have been filtered of any bacterium on passing through the membrane before entering the reservoir.
[0016] In patent application WO 2007/056131, a bottle has been proposed for packaging a liquid to be dispensed drop by drop with an tip forming a valve through which the liquid is expelled without letting the slightest amount of air into the reservoir containing the liquid. When, in this document, it is also recommended that the materials constituting this tip or the whole bottle assembly be treated by a bactericidal agent, this can involve only treating the liquid as it passes through.
[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the body of the dropper tip is formed of a material, notably of a molded polymer material, which contains a polymer bearing ions with a bactericidal effect uniformly distributed in its mass.
[0018] The ion-bearing polymer chosen in the context of the invention advantageously has, by virtue of the bactericidal properties of the ions that it bears, an effective antimicrobial action against bacterial strains but also against yeasts and molds. The ions in question are in particular silver ions. It has been found by the inventors that bottles fitted with such a dropper tip advantageously provide good biological safety for the patient while having no toxicity for the eye.
[0019] The antibacterial effect is advantageously exerted on the surface of the dropper tip. The bactericidal ions that are present on this surface, and notably on the surface which risks coming into contact with the eye, exert in this location a bacteriostatic effect inhibiting the bacterial proliferation which can begin after the contamination of the tip.
[0020] This bacterial contamination may for example come from bacteria present in the eye or around the latter, by contact of the tip with the occular tissues or fluids when the drops are administered. This contamination can also emanate, more generally, from intentional or unintentional contact with the fingers of the user at the time of dispensing, or quite simply from the ambient air or from a foreign body when the tip is not protected by a cap between two uses. Moreover, liquid residues, of the order of a few microliters, are always reaspirated into the tip after each dispensing operation if only in the expulsion channel. These residues constitute a favorable moist medium capable of forming a source for a microbial proliferation in the tip.
[0021] Over time and various uses, it is possible to think that the bactericidal, ions present in the material migrate into the polymer bearing them, in the direction of the surface of the tip, so as to replace the ions consumed progressively as they act from this surface.
[0022] The dropper tip according to the invention therefore advantageously remains always protected on both its external and internal surfaces, from the microbial proliferation that might engender bacterial concentrations that are sufficiently large to be harmful to the health or the comfort of the user. In particular, this prevents the liquid that passes through the tip at the time of dispensing from being contaminated. The tip also never forms a source of direct contamination of the eye, by contact of the tip with the eye at the time of a subsequent dispensing. In the case of the dispensing tips incorporating at their base an antibacterial membrane to prevent contamination of the liquid inside the reservoir, this also reduces the risk of a biological film or biofilm forming on the surface of the dropper tip, which would systematically contaminate the liquid when it passes through the membrane during dispensing.
[0023] The method for manufacturing the tip according to the invention is advantageously quite simple to implement. The particles of polymer charged with ions having a bactericidal effect are inserted into the polymer material so as to obtain, after heating, a uniform mixture from which the process of molding the tip is carried out.
[0024] This method, compared with the conventional methods for manufacturing dispensing tips by molding, requires only one simple additional step, that is to say the mixing of the antibacterial polymer with the main material forming the tip to be molded at the very beginning of the molding process.
[0025] The silver ions are most particularly preferred as ions with a bactericidal effect. These ions are known conventionally, for their antimicrobial properties while they have no toxicity for the human eye in the concentration of a few percent of silver ion-bearing polymer in the mass. They are effective against most bacteria, yeasts, funguses and other similar microbes. They bind to the membrane of the cells and disrupt its natural function. They also penetrate through the walls of the cells in which they combine with electron donor groups and negatively charged groups, and with thiol groups common in the enzymes. This causes a malfunction of the cells which rapidly leads to their death.
[0026] The silver ions are for example inserted into the material in the form of granules containing them as a fine dispersion in polyethylene, carried by an inorganic ion-exchange resin. Such granules are commercially available and they notably have the advantage of being extremely easy and safe to use.
[0027] The proportion of bactericidal ion-bearing polymer particles that are incorporated into the mixture in order to form the body of the tip is advantageously between 1 and 10% and preferably between 2 and 5% by weight of the total weight of the mixture.
[0028] The dropper tip according to the invention can be formed as a single annular piece, pierced with a narrow central channel for the expulsion of the liquid.
[0029] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the dropper tip is made so as to divide the flow cross-area available as a path for the expelled liquid or the reaspirated air into several circuits limited by surfaces of a material loaded with bactericidal doping agent. Accordingly, the invention makes provision notably to arrange in the tip a relatively wide inner central channel in which a central core is inserted, forming a plurality of subchannels for the expulsion of the liquid, and to produce this central core in a material containing a bactericidal agent distributed in its mass.
[0030] One advantage of this central core is that the effectiveness in terms of inhibiting the bacterial proliferation of the tip is further enhanced, since the contact surface offered to the air entering from the outside, and therefore to the source of external bacterial contamination, by the subchannel walls made of antimicrobial material, is greater than in the case of a single channel.
[0031] According to one advantageous feature of the invention, the central core comprises a different bactericidal agent than that contained in the external body of the tip (the external portion). This makes it possible to extend the effectiveness against bacterial proliferation; it is possible specifically to combine bactericidal agents having antibacterial spectra that are different and best suited depending on the portions of the tip. As explained above, the bactericidal agents bearing ions such as silver ions release these bactericidal ions over time and have a worthwhile action for the external surfaces of the tip and for countering the formation of biofilms.
[0032] According to a particular, feature of the invention, the central core comprises as a bactericidal agent a compound chosen from phenolic compounds and notably chlorinated phenolic compounds.
[0033] Preferably this chlorinated phenolic compound is 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol, known under the commercial name of triclosan. This compound has a broad antibacterial spectrum. According to certain studies, this compound has a biocidal action through action on the membrane and/or the cytoplasm of bacteria and a bacteriostatic action preventing the proliferation of bacteria by inhibiting mainly the synthesis of fatty acids necessary to the reproduction and construction of cellular membranes.
[0034] According to an advantageous feature of the invention, the central core is formed of the same base material as that used to form the main external body of the dropper tip.
[0035] The central core and the main external, body of the tip, which delimits the central channel, are each manufactured independently from one another in distinct molding operations, then assembled to one another by inserting the core into the channel.
[0036] In such an embodiment, the invention advantageously makes provision for the subchannels to be formed by grooves hollowed out of the external surface of the core. This feature is particularly advantageous because it allows better control of the surface state of the walls of the expulsion channel, in consideration of the method for manufacturing the tip.
[0037] Specifically, in the case of conventional droppers, that comprise a narrow central channel for the expulsion of the liquid, the formation of the channel is carried out after the molding process, by piercing through the material by means of a very fine needle while said material is still not completely cured. In industrial production, such a method can create microirregularities on the surface of the central channel and cause the formation of retention micro-pockets on the wall thickness of the channel, which micro-pockets constitute niches for the proliferation of bacteria.
[0038] In a preferred dropper tip according to the invention, the channel for expelling the liquid comprises a plurality of subchannels. These subchannels, through their manufacturing method, by which the grooves are formed during the molding of the core by means of a mold of appropriate shape, have smoother walls which have no surface asperities in which bacteria and other microbes can lodge and proliferate.
[0039] The subchannels are preferably at least two in number, preferably four, and evenly distributed about the axis of the core, so as to provide a considerable area of contact with the air aspirated into the tip after each dispensing operation.
[0040] According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the central core is made of a porous thermoplastic material, in particular a material based on polyolefins, and more particularly chosen from the families of polyethylenes (such as can also be the main external, body of the tip). Polyethylenes confer on this material a hydrophobic quality which prevents liquid stagnation.
[0041] Such a porous material is preferably a sintered material. It is then obtained by sintering, that is to say by heat treatment of particles of the thermoplastic polymer, previously cold-compressed in a mold, said heating being carried out at a temperature below that of the melting point of the polymer (the main component). This manufacturing method makes it possible to bind the particles together without melting them and to control the porosity of the material, especially by acting on the conditions of temperature and pressure. The bactericidal agent can be added in various ways, i.e. in the mass together with the base polymer, or by mixing a bactericidal-treated polymer and the base polymer, or else by surface treatment with or without additives. Specifically, the porous polymer material can be made by sintering and then the sintered material obtained is treated by the bactericidal agent. Such porous materials and their manufacturing methods are described for example in international patent application WO 01/65937.
[0042] Advantageously, in this embodiment of the invention, the porous thermoplastic material has a mean pore dimension, the order of magnitude of which is some hundred micrometers. This dimension may for example range between 0.1 and 0.2 mm (100 and 200 μm).
[0043] Also advantageously in this embodiment of the invention, the porous material and the terminal portion of the external part of the dropper tip have similar cylindrical shapes that match, that is to say that closely conform to one another. This makes it possible to prevent the liquid stagnating between the wall of this portion of the tip and the central core. This cylindrical shape of the central core is a compromise which minimizes the pressure loss when the liquid passes through it in order to be dispensed and moreover optimizes the antibacterial contact surfaces. According to a particular case of this embodiment, the terminal portion of the tip has an overmolded shape on the porous material. It is produced by overmolding on the porous material so that shapes match exactly.
[0044] In preferred embodiments of the invention, the dropper tip comprises, at the base of the central channel, a peripheral boss which interacts with a matching peripheral groove formed at the base of the core for the attachment of the core into the channel by elastic snap-fitting effect. The core is forced into the channel and it is firmly held inside the latter by the boss formed at its base. The boss and the groove are formed during molding the tip, respectively that of its external portion, which delimitates the central channel, and that of its core.
[0045] The invention will now be more completely described in the context of preferred features and of their advantages with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 in which:
[0046] FIG. 1 represents a cross-sectional view along a longitudinal plane showing the dropper tip of a dispensing head according to the invention;
[0047] FIG. 2 illustrates, in perspective view, the central core of the tip of FIG. 1, and in cross-sectional view along a longitudinal plane, its receiving housing in the tip;
[0048] FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view along the plane A-A of the tip of FIG. 1;
[0049] FIG. 4 represents a cross-sectional view along a longitudinal plane of an tip with the porous central core according to the invention.
[0050] An example of a first type of a dropper tip 1 of a dispensing head according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1.
[0051] The dispensing head comprises a nacelle 13 which is designed to be mounted in a sealed manner, by virtue of sealing flutes 19, inside the neck of the bottle 2. The tip 1 extends it along its axis. It is welded thereto at its base 4.
[0052] The bottle comprises a reservoir, not shown in the figure, which is enclosed by a wall with reversible elastic deformation which is designed to contain an eye-drop fluid and advantageously a preservative-free eye-drop solution. When the flexible wall of the reservoir is pressed manually, the liquid is forced through a flow-regulating pad placed in the internal duct of the nacelle 13. The spontaneous return of the reservoir to its original shape causes an intake of air through the same duct.
[0053] The dropper tip comprises a longitudinal central channel 3, which passes through the whole of its height from the base 4 of the tip to the liquid-expulsion orifice 5, situated at its top end (considering the bottle placed vertical).
[0054] Under the base of the tip 1, an antibacterial filtering membrane 6 is placed across the passage of the liquid from the reservoir to the tip and of the incoming air. This membrane is designed to protect the liquid contained in the reservoir from external contamination.
[0055] The body 12 of the tip is made of a polymer material, notably of a polymer of the polyethylene type, incorporating in the mass a polymer bearing ions with a bactericidal effect. This polymer is chosen to be compatible with the conventional material of the tip. If only for this reason, it is preferably polyethylene-based. It is available commercially in the form of powder or of granules or of beads, ready to be incorporated into the molding compound of the tip. The bactericidal agent preferably consists of silver ions which are borne by the polymer macromolecules.
[0056] Such silver ions are known to be effective on many bacterial strains, yeasts and molds, notably on the Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus strains, most widely present on the skin and the occular mucosa. With respect to commercial products made of polymer, particularly of polyethylene, charged with silver ions, that can be used in the context of the invention; it is possible for example to cite AlphaSan® from Clariant S.p.A. or Biomaster sold by Addmaster Ltd.
[0057] The tip according to the invention is manufactured according to a conventional molding process based on the mixture containing the antimicrobial polymer as a uniform mixture with the polyethylene. The proportion of polymer granules bearing silver in the polyethylene is approximately 5% by weight.
[0058] After the molding process, the bactericidal agent is present throughout the mass of the tip, and in particular both on the outer surface that can come in contact with the user's eyes or hands and on its inner surface that delimitates the axial expulsion channel 3.
[0059] Inside the central channel 3 of the tip, an inner core 7 is placed as shown in perspective view on FIG. 2. The core 7 has a shape that matches that of the central channel 3 in which it is housed, that is to say a generally conical shape widening out from top to bottom. Its external diameter is adjusted to the internal diameter of the channel 3 so that the liquid cannot travel between the channel and the core.
[0060] On the external surface of the core 7, four grooves 8 are formed evenly distributed about the axis of the core 7.
[0061] The central core 7 is manufactured via a molding process from the same base material, notably polyethylene, as the body 12 of the tip which surrounds it, but advantageously it comprises a bactericidal agent that differs from that contained in the body 12 in order to have effect on the external surface of the tip. This bactericidal agent is triclosan in this instance. Triclosan has a broad antibacterial (and also antifungal) spectrum. The grooves 8 on its surface are formed during the molding process by a specifically adapted form of the mold.
[0062] When the core 7 is placed in the channel 3, as illustrated in FIG. 3, subchannels 11 of small cross section are formed between the external wall of the core 7 and the internal wall of the channel 3 at the level of the grooves 8. These subchannels 11 provide a passageway for the liquid from the base of the tip to the expulsion orifice 5. Their surface, of contact with the air is smooth and even, with no stagnation zone for the air, the liquid and the bacteria.
[0063] At the base of the central channel 3, the tip 1 comprises an annular boss 9 reducing the diameter of the channel at this location. The core 7, for its part, comprises also at its base an annular groove 10 matching the boss 9.
[0064] The external portion 12 of the tip 1 and the core 7 are each manufactured using a conventional molding process and then assembled to one another.
[0065] During the mounting of the tip according to the invention, the core 7 is inserted by a forceful engagement in the channel 3 until it butts against the top end of the tip surrounding the expulsion channel, which forms the ring for releasing the drop. In this position, the groove 10 is facing the boss 9. These two elements interact via an elastic snap-fitting effect in order to provide a solid hold of the core inside the channel.
[0066] According to its preferred embodiment, the invention makes provision to replace the above grooved core with a porous core inserted in the same manner in the expulsion channel passing through the tip in order to perform the same function of dividing the flow of liquid by distributing it in a plurality of circuits through the expulsion channel pierced in the tip.
[0067] There are many advantages thereof. On the one hand, the flow is much more divided and the distribution is finer. On the other hand, the channel can be better filled uniformly by the material swept by the liquid when it is expelled. Furthermore, it is in combination with the porous shape that the use of a bactericidal agent of the family of chlorinated phenolic organic compounds rather than an ionic agent is of most value for efficacy against the risks of occular contamination.
[0068] A bottle fitted with such a dispensing head is shown in FIG. 4.
[0069] As above, the dispensing head comprises a nacelle 13 to which the tip 1 is secured in order to, form an insert that has been forced into the neck 2 of the bottle. At the other end from the tip, the nacelle terminates in the bottle with four radial cruciform walls.
[0070] The nacelle 13 of the dispensing head is mounted in a sealed manner by virtue, of the sealing flutes 19 inside the neck 2 of the bottle from which the tip 1 protrudes which extends in the axis of the bottle. The inside of the bottle holds a reservoir 15, limited by a cylindrical wall with reversible elastic deformation, which is designed to contain a collyrium, advantageously containing no preservative. A protective cap 16 and a tamper-proof ring 21 complete the assembly externally.
[0071] The neck 2 of the bottle comprises, under the base of the tip 1, an antibacterial filtering membrane 6 placed across the path of the liquid from the reservoir to the tip and of the incoming air. It is freely supported in operation by application against the base of the tip. It is attached on its periphery by heat sealing between a peripheral ring of this base (which here has a swelling which flattens out during the sealing operation between the two parts) and an interacting bearing surface 22 on the terminal face of the nacelle.
[0072] A microporous pad 17 is placed in the central bore of the dispensing head. In itself it is conventional, including in its function in regulating the liquid flows and balancing air pressures. It structure is that of a felt of intermingled threads, at a density corresponding to an equivalent pore diameter of the order of 50 microns.
[0073] Circular recesses 18 make it possible to drain the flow of liquid forced through the filtering membrane 6 to the central expulsion channel 3.
[0074] The body 12 of the tip is made as described above for the other tip of FIG. 1 but its top portion is cylindrical (instead of being conical). This main body 12 is made of a polymer material, based on polyethylene, comprising a silver-ion-bearing polymer bactericidal agent.
[0075] The central core 14 which is shown in perspective view in FIG. 5, is a porous cylindrical core, of a shape to match that of the top portion of the tip, and of a size to fill the central channel 3 of the tip. This porous core occupies all the space of the central channel 3 in order to have the largest possible contact surface with the micro-drops of liquid or the air entering the tip after expulsion of a drop of liquid during its use. This also prevents pressure losses caused when it is passed through by the liquid going out.
[0076] This porous core has a length in the order of magnitude of a centimeter, namely notably a length of between 0.5 and 2.5 cm, and a diameter in the order of magnitude of a millimeter more particularly ranging between 2 and 6 millimeters.
[0077] This central core 14 is made of a porous thermoplastic material, based on sintered polyethylene, comprising a bactericidal agent consisting of an organic molecule diffused in the mass of the polymer, and not a polymer having metal ions as for the body of the tip. In this example, the core 14 made of sintered material comprises triclosan while the external portion 12 of the tip comprises a silver-ion-based bactericidal agent.
[0078] Its mean pore diameter is in the order of magnitude of a tenth of a millimeter, and more particularly of the order of 150 μm. Such a porous material is notably sold by POREX Corporation.
[0079] This central core 14 has been forced into the central channel 3 of the tip.
[0080] According to another embodiment, the external portion 12 of the tip is made by overmolding of the porous core 14. This overmolding makes it possible to have an tip of which the shapes respectively of the central core 14 and of the portion of the central channel 3 match perfectly. This makes it possible to prevent the liquid stagnating between the wall of this portion of the tip and the central core.
[0081] The dispensing heads of the bottles with the two types of tips presented as examples according to the invention thus constituted have a considerable antimicrobial effect both in the external wall of the tip, capable of being contaminated by the external environment, and in the walls of the liquid expulsion channels which are capable of being contaminated by the air and the liquid residues reaspirated from the outside after each liquid dispensing operation. This antimicrobial effect, which has been found effective against the usual contaminants in the occular environment, inhibits the bacterial proliferation on these surfaces and makes it possible to keep a hygienic tip ensuring the microbiological safety of the eye of the consumer.
[0082] The aforegoing description clearly explains how the invention makes it possible to achieve the objectives that it has set for itself. In particular, it provides a bottle for packaging liquid, notably ophthalmic liquid, with a dropper tip which maintains, by an antibacterial effect, a microbiologically hygienic state throughout the period of its use and which thereby provides good microbiological safety for the user.
[0083] It nevertheless arises from the aforegoing that the invention is not limited to the embodiments that have been specifically described and represented in the figures and that, by contrast, it extends to any variant making use of equivalent means.
Patent applications by Alain Defemme, Chamalieres FR
Patent applications by Fabrice Mercier, Clermont Ferrand FR
Patent applications by Michel Faurie, Veyre-Monton FR
Patent applications by LABORATORIES THEA
Patent applications in class Having means for positioning liquid dispenser relative to eye
Patent applications in all subclasses Having means for positioning liquid dispenser relative to eye
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Maa Narmada College of Education
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Maa Narmada College of Education is situated at Maheshwar road, Dhamnod, Dist. Dhar, Madhya Pradesh in Dhar.
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Maa Narmada College of Education - MNCE
The Maa Narmada College of Education is to be the leading centre of learning and innovation in emerging areas of business and management education. For every course the college imparts practical training to its students that helps them to understand better, improve their demonstrative skills, eliminate hesitation and in this process strives to mould them into industry ready professionals. Mission of Maa Narmada College of Education is 'to foster critical analysis by training students both in theory and practice so as to equip them with skills needed for facing global challenges with team work and human values. And to build quality network with the Industry, educationists and the society for exchanging knowledge'. The modern teaching methodology assists the students in getting an all around view of engineering, technology and the entrepreneur world. The diligent faculty team of the college possesses hands-on experience and up to date knowledge of their subject and area of expertise. The infrastructure and facilities of Maa Narmada College of Education consists of spread-out campus alongside various amenities in the form of library, computer center, classrooms with proper teaching and learning aids, medical facilities etc. The institute seeks to place each of its students in an organization/company of great repute.
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For most school-leavers heading off on a gap year before university, the concept of financial planning is probably alien. Getting the money together in the first place is usually the biggest challenge, with the average year out for someone on a tight budget typically costing between £3,000 and £5,000. But once holiday jobs, generous parents and car boot sales have brought in the required amount of cash, 'gappers' will want to keep as much of that as possible away from banks, insurance companies and travel agents. So where do you start?
Tickets and vaccinations Round-the-world tickets are the most popular - and often the cheapest - option for gappers. Basic fares start at around £1,000, with more expensive routes typically costing twice this.
Trailfinders sells an Escapade ticket, which uses Air New Zealand, Singapore Airlines, Silk Air and Virgin Atlantic and goes from London to Singapore to Sydney then Auckland and back via Los Angeles. It is the cheapest RTW ticket and costs £1,020 including taxes. For larger itineraries, especially for those wanting to route via the US, Pacific, New Zealand or Asia, Trailfinders says the Star Alliance ticket is ideal. The ticket price is calculated according to the number of miles flown, with the cheapest fare based on 29,000 miles for £1,339 plus service charges and taxes.
For those wanting to visit South America, Australia or South Africa, the One World ticket, which uses BA and Qantas amongst others, is calculated according to the number of continents visited, with a starting price of £1,329 plus service charges and taxes.
Trailfinders says that apart from choosing the route carefully, there are other ways of keeping the costs down. It recommends:
· Plan your itinerary to travel in one global direction and avoid backtracking
· Choose the right departure date - the only date that affects the ticket price is the date you depart the UK. The cheapest time is generally 15 April-15 June
· Remember that destinations off the mainstream routes will push up the price of a round-the-world ticket
· Consider open-jaw sectors such as flying to Bangkok and out of Singapore, making your own way between the two.
Those taking a gap year will typically shop around to save money on a ticket, only to be shocked to find they have to fork out a few hundred pounds for vaccinations.
But as tempting as it might be to avoid a pain in the arm - and the wallet - the cost of skipping injections could be far more than a few quid if you end up with a nasty disease. How much you pay depends on whether you go private or not. Your GP will be able to advise you what you need but will not be able to offer all vaccinations for free.
The advantage of private clinics, according to the health experts on Gapyear.com, include reduced waiting times, potentially more up-to-date advice and weekend and late-night openings. Gapyear.com says the typical traveller should expect to pay £175-£240 for private injections.
It's worth comparing prices at different places, however. A pack of 50 Doxcyxline malaria tablets costs £35 from the BA travel clinic at Piccadilly, £25 from Trailfinders' travel clinic in Kensington and £15 at The Observer's local pharmacy in Clerkenwell. BA charges £26 for a typhoid jab, Trailfinders charges £20 and our local charges £18.
Travel insurance will add £200 or so to a trip but is another expense gappers should not forgo. Medical costs, particularly in the United States, can be exorbitant and young travellers should make sure they get adequate cover.
Gap year insurance is different from standard travel insurance policies in that it offers cover for 12-18 months. Halifax and student insurance specialist Endsleigh have a number of policies for difdifferent budgets, though they are not the very cheapest. Peter Gerrard, of Insuresupermarket.com, says gappers should examine their policies carefully. 'For example if you're going to be doing a dangerous sport such as bungee jumping or scuba diving make sure you're covered. Most policies that offer cover for scuba diving will only do so up to a certain depth while Insure and Go, for example, will only cover up to three bungee jumps in a year.'
Backpackers also need to check if any exclusions apply on personal belongings cover. Some policies may not accept claims for belongings that vanish from abeach hut or a shared hostel room.
Some policies will offer cover for set areas only, which is cheaper if you know you're only going to one or two countries. For example, Insure and Go's worldwide policy is £235.45 a year whereas its Australia and New Zealand policy is £184.12 for the same level of cover. If you're not sure where you'll end up don't risk being without insurance - go for a worldwide policy.
Bank accounts
Most young gappers will have had their account with the same bank since childhood. There are advantages to staying put, such as a potentially generous graduate overdraft and the use of a credit card - something that may be hard to get elsewhere. But going abroad for a lengthy spell is a good time to reassess your bank: the transaction fees it imposes can add up over a year (these are typically 2.75 per cent on every cash withdrawal and purchase made overseas). Nationwide is the only provider not to levy such a fee anywhere overseas via its Flexaccount.
Those gappers harbouring a stash of cash for emergencies might want to transfer some or all of this into a savings account before setting off. Icici bank currently has the best rate at 5.15 per cent on its HiSave account.
Prepay cards
Prepay cards are being touted by the companies selling them as a safer alternative to debit cards or cash. The cards are preloaded with money before setting off and can be topped up -usually online as well as over the phone - by the cardholder as well as family members. 'The main benefits of these cards are security, convenience and control,' said Robert Kenley of moneysupermarket.com. 'Like debit cards, if you lose them or they are stolen you are not liable for losses but at the same time you can budget easily by only topping up with what you're willing to spend.'
Transfers made online or over the phone instantly credit the card, which can then be used in cash machines (ATMs) worldwide as well as in shops that accept the payment badge (such as Mastercard) displayed on the card.
The cards do come with a number of usage fees, however, such as charges to top-up and to withdraw cash, so compare these and consider your usage before signing up. Moneysupermarket.com compared the fees for Cash that a cardholder would pay if they topped up a pre-pay card with £600 a month online using a credit card, made eight £50 cash withdrawals and 20 £10 point-of-sale purchases in Australia.
The total cost monthly of these transactions in card fees was the lowest with Speedcard at £28.78 and Liquid Card at £28.83. The same person would pay £48.23 using the Post Office Travel Money card and £53.78 using the Cashplus card. For just the ATM fees, Speedcard was again cheapest at £4.80 for those eight withdrawals, compared to £27 with the Post Office.
Spend less or come home early
Twenty-three-year-old Tom Eaton from Leeds took a gap year between school and university to travel around south-east Asia.
'I tried to budget before I went but this went out of the window for the first three or four months while I partied on the islands in Thailand,' says Tom, who now works as a marketing assistant. 'After that I had to prioritise my spending or I would have been coming home early.'
Tom spent nine months abroad and estimates he spent between £5,000 and £6,000, including flights. 'In the end I had a better time on the cheap - travelling with locals on public transport, eating at street stalls and staying at the cheapest places I could find.'
One of Tom's lowest moments came when he ran out of money in Singapore in the early hours of the morning. 'I had only taken travellers' cheques with me and no hard cash but there was nowhere to change the cheques. I had an as-yet-unused credit card but by that time I was six months into my trip and couldn't remember the Pin. I would advise other gap year students to always carry a mixture of payment methods. Take US dollars, which are accepted everywhere, travellers' cheques - and a card you can remember the Pin for.'
One thing he didn't scrimp on was travel insurance, which he took out through his bank, Halifax. 'I had heard too many horror stories about people who had travelled without it. It's not worth the risk.'
Top 5 travel essentials
Nancy and John Coppock founded the Itchy Feet travel shops eight years ago and have one in Bath and one in central London. Here are their top five picks for essential items for gappers.
Sleeping bag liner
'This is essential as you don't know where you may be sleeping,' says Nancy. 'There are two types - cotton or silk. Cotton is heavier but cheaper. Aztec's nobug liners are treated with a substance that repels and kills bugs.'
Aztec Nobug Cotton: £11.99
Aztec Nobug Silk: £39.99
Water bottle
'A collapsible water bottle is ideal. It's lightweight and doesn't take up space.'
Platypus 1L £4.50
'One with scissors, a bottle opener and a corkscrew.' Don't carry it in your hand luggage, though.
Victorinox Climber £19.99
Travel towel
'Leave your bulky towels at home. These absorb nine times their weight.'
Lifeventure Towel XL £21.99
'An LED head torch is easiest as it is bright and doesn't draw the batteries as much.'
Petzl Tikka £24.99


text:
The supervision, maintenance and development of all quality assurance procedures within the University are within the remit of the Academic Board on whose authority regulations and procedures are issued. The Academic Board delegates the operational implementation of these processes to one of its standing committees, the Academic, Quality and Standards Committee (AQSC).
All University staff should be familiar with these regulations and procedures because they are the primary means whereby the University ensures the maintenance of quality in its academic provision and appropriate standards of its academic awards. The systems are based on quality control through internal and external peer review, continuous monitoring and student feedback.
Although the overall accountability for setting appropriate standards and maintaining academic quality rests with Academic Board, the day-to-day responsibility for standards and quality lies with all staff, particularly those who develop and teach the programmes. Staff development activities that promote quality teaching and learning are also the responsibility of the AQSC.
Peer review operates in:
Academic Board monitors the effectiveness of programmes through:
Student feedback includes:
The roles of the University academic committees and management groups in relation to quality assurance (and other matters) can be found in the Committee Handbook.
From time to time the AQSC commissions internal audits of specific aspects of academic provision or of administrative or regulatory procedures, normally of relevance across the institution. The audit is 'in-depth' insofar as documentary and other evidence is gathered and evaluated against an agreed framework such as the QAA's Quality Code, but 'light-touch' insofar as the process does not normally require those selected for audit to produce documentation other than that which should exist anyway.
AQSC produces an Audit Specification to underpin the audit activity, but inevitably the auditors will stray from that brief somewhat as they find and consider evidence in the course of the audit.
From time to time AQSC will select elements of the University provision to audit trail the annual monitoring and reporting processes to ensure that the reports considered by the University Committees represent the actuality of the student experience.
Quality Assurance Documentation
Documentation relating to Quality Assurance, formerly included in the Quality Assurance Handbook, is now presented as a series of separate documents under the direction of the Academic, Quality and Standards Committee. These Quality Assurance documents include:
Any queries with regard to Quality Assurance documentation should be addressed to the Quality Assurance Officer, Niki Cartwright, at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
The student will describe the overall perspective of business and industry and the associated managerial role. The student will be able to utilize practical building blocks for managerial growth. The student will be able to discuss the involvement of future roles for business and industry and outside forces that impact management of an industrial component.
3.00 Credit Hours
|Meeting Days
|08/14/2017 - 12/20/2017
|Terry Scarlett
Flint Hills Technical College does not discriminate on the basis of sex including pregnant and parenting students, sexual orientation, handicap, race, color, age, religion, marital status, or national or ethnic origin in educational programs, admissions policies, employment policies, financial aid or other College-administered programs. For questions or concerns regarding non-discrimination contact the Director of Human Resources at 620.343.4600.


text:
2005 Carver 41 MotorYacht for sale located in Sanford, Florida powered with two low hour Volvo diesels. This a fresh water only boat with many new upgrades in the past couple years. Upgrades include:
– New salon AC system...still in warranty
– New master stateroom AC system.... still in warranty.Note: both installed by marine AC of central Florida
– 10ft dingy 9.9hp Yamaha motor with 6 gal. Fuel tank
– Davit system
– Fuel kit
– 4 new fenders fender holders
– Curtains cleaned in April
– Humidifiers
– 3 new 25ft 5/8 dock lines
– Installed screens in eisenglass on aft deck new eisenglass on helm with larger Windows
– New tv digital antenna
– New Batteries
– New Sea water pumps
If youre in the market for a low hour Diesel motor yacht in the 40 range than call us today to set up an appointment.
Motivated sell best priced one on the market. Call today for an appointment.
Additional Specs, Equipment and Information:
Hull Shape: Modified Vee
LOA: 41 ft 0 in
Beam: 13 ft 5 in
Maximum Draft: 2 ft 7 in
Bridge Clearance: 15 ft 1 in
Headroom: 6 ft 5 in
Dry Weight: 24717 lbs
Total Power: 620 HP
Engine 1:
Engine Brand: Volvo Penta
Year Built: 2005
Engine Model: DR-310
Engine Type: Inboard
Engine/Fuel Type: Diesel
Location: Starboard
Engine Hours: 598
Drive Type: Direct Drive
Engine Power: 310 HP
Engine 2:
Engine Brand: Volvo Penta
Year Built: 2005
Engine Model: D6-310
Engine Type: Inboard
Engine/Fuel Type: Diesel
Location: Port
Engine Hours: 604
Drive Type: Direct Drive
Engine Power: 310 HP
Fresh Water Tanks: (81 Gallons)
Fuel Tanks: (360 Gallons)
Holding Tanks: (50 Gallons)
Number of single berths: 5
Number of cabins: 2
Number of heads: 2
TV set
Navigation center
DVD player
Cockpit speakers
CD player
Inside Equipment
Hot water
Deep freezer
Bow thruster
Air conditioning
Microwave oven
Marine head
Battery charger
Sea water pump
Electrical Equipment
Shore power inlet
The Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice.
The email with password reset instructions has been sent to . If you will not receive email from us within next few minutes please check your spam folder.
If you're having issues resetting your password let us know.


text:
Prices, promotions, styles, and availability may vary. Our local stores do not honor online pricing. Prices and availability of products and services are subject to change without notice. Errors will be corrected where discovered, and Lowe's reserves the right to revoke any stated offer and to correct any errors, inaccuracies or omissions including after an order has been submitted.
USP 1-1/4-in x 12-in Medium-Capacity Triple Zinc Strap Tie
Item # 116206 Model # MSTA12-TZ
Product Information
- Medium-capacity 1-1/4" wide strapping
- Helps resist movement caused by high wind or seismic forces
- 18 gauge steel
- Triple zinc finish
- Recommended for use with treated lumber
|Materials Connected
|Wood to wood
|Field Adjustable
|Connector Coating


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the site.
This step is noncompulsory but will dramatically boost your chances of your profile getting read by other members. Tell people about yourself, your interests and upload a nice photograph of yourself.
Use our website's state-of-the-art search to spot members who meet your requirements. Or just browse through listings and spot people that take your fancy.
Discovered someone who appeals to you? Drop them a line or just a wink and await their reply. With a little luck you'll be on your way to uncover your proper date.
It only takes a few minutes


text:
- Active Links: 354862
- Pending Links: 67006
- Todays Links: 1
- Total Articles: 0
- Total Categories: 13
- Sub Categories: 417
Links Sort by: Hits | Alphabetical
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Premium market analysis and busienss intelligence report on global food business. Latest news, comments and information on food business industry including every aspect of food businesses are combined. - Read more
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News on current affairs, entertainment, celebrities, general interest, gossip, music, videos and humor etc. - Read more
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Duck and Cover Music is a blog about music, indie rock bands, and humor - Read more
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On People, every thing on people you want to know, news and views about people, What people are doing and how they live day to day life. - Read more
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A complete celebrity portal for tamil actor Hrithik. Actor Hrithik's galleries, songs, videos, trailers, news and interviews. - Read more
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| Za prijateli i zabava - Makparty.com - http://www.makparty.com
The best Macedonian social network.Meet people from Macedonia and its diaspora. Share Photos, Audio and Video or stay in touch with Online Chat, Instant Messenger and Message system. - Read more
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Watch Speed Spritle and Chim from Speed Racer the movie go on all their amazing adventures at http://www.WatchSpeedRacer.com - Read more
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TheMusicAge.com (TMA) allows you to search music, videos, events, pictures, news and websites online. In addition if you want to "Be Heard" you can upload your personal content to share with the world, restrict it to just your NETWORK. - Read more


text: Hi all, I'm trying to combine my music collection into a single folder on my hard drive, which I've named "Music". The problem I am facing is that over the years I have used a variety of different music players and their associated music storage systems. This has resulted in music being saved in two ways. I have some folders labeled by artists name containing sub-folders labeled with their album names and other folders labeled with just the album name. What I'm aiming for is having all my music in folders labeled with just the album name. I can open each folder and drag and drop the sub folder into the folder named "Music" but that will take forever as there are about six thousand of these sub-folders (a good many of which are doubles anyway). If there is some easy way I can gather up all the sub folders and drop them into the "music" folder together in one go it would save an enormous amount of time and frustration. The only solution I have found so far, is to *.xxx, then select all the files from the sub-folders. But what I need to do is move a large group of sub-folders up one level so they are in the "music" folder with their parent folder. (even though this would make the parent folder empty - a problem I can deal with) I don't want have to take the files out of the sub-folders, just move all the sub-folders up one level. If anyone could point me in the right direction it would be greatly appreciated. If you need more information I can provide it. Thanks heaps, Richard


text:
Stepanek, Janowicz slide into round 2 of the Rogers Cup
MONTREAL (AP) -- Radek Stepanek upset 12th-seeded Nicolas Almagro 6-3, 6-7 (4), 6-3 Tuesday at the Rogers Cup.
Alex Bogolomov defeated Michael Llodra 6-2, 4-6, 6-3, and Jerzy Janowicz edged Julien Benneteau 3-6, 6-3, 7-5.
In doubles, Rafael Nadal and Pablo Andujar swatted away two match points to defeat fellow Spaniards David Ferrer and Feliciano Lopez 6-7 (2), 6-4, 12-10.
Also, Filip Peliwo advanced when Jarkko Nieminen retired with a hamstring injury. Peliwo was leading 3-6, 7-5, 3-1 when the 32-year-old Nieminen stopped play.
Copyright 2014 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


text:
15 New Hi-Res Shrek Forever After Images Hit!
DreamWorks Animation has made a 15 new hi-res Shrek Forever After images available. Check them out below...
CLICK HERE to check out the entire gallery!
Shrek Forever After will be released on May 21, 2010. Aron Warner (producer of the Shrek franchise films) and Andrew Adamson (Shrek) are serving as executive producers on the film, which is being directed by Mike Mitchell and produced by Teresa Cheng and Gina Shay.
Don't Miss A Story


text:
P & J L Stobbs Ltd,Southlands Garage. Chester Road. DH9 0DQ
P & J L Stobbs Ltd - MOT Test Centre.At motoring.co.uk, you can find all the information you require, including a selection of reviews and user experiences, on P & J L Stobbs Ltd based in .
MOT Test Centres
Other Local MOT Test Centres
Beamish Street Garage | C B S Autos Stanley | Charlotte Street Garage | Daleside Mot Ltd | Dipton Garage | Durham Motor Services Ltd | General Garage | Mountsett Garage | Neil Willis Tyre & Exhausts | North Road Garage


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
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Utilise our website's sophisticated search to encounter members who are up to your requirements. Or just scan through listings and encounter people that attract you.
Identified someone who interests you? Send them a few words or just a wink and see how you get along. With a little luck you'll be on your way to discovering your ideal date.
It's really quick


text:
- Description
DetailsLightweight follower with shim underneath. Requires the shim machining to size. For use with mechanical profile camshafts FOCUS12, FOCUS2 & FOCUS3.
Ford Zetec E 16v Black Top 05/98-
- Competition engines only
- Additional Information
Additional Information
Part No KCCF66 Fits Engine Type Ford Zetec E Product Group Cam Followers & Ball Studs Stock Status Available From Stock Fits Engine Make Ford Catalogue 2016 Page Click HERE to view this part on page 25 of our 2017 catalogue Brand Logo Free Shipping


text:
Adobe Patches Flash Player
Adobe has come out with a patch for Flash Player to fix a recent security problem.
Next to the Flash Player vulnerability publicized just a week ago, Adobe has patched another 11 holes in the software. Installations for Linux, Mac OS X and Windows are now at the Adobe website. The security bulletin has a few alternative download possibilities, as does also the Adobe download site.
The update version numbers are Flash Player 10.0.32.18 and 22.214.171.124. Subsequent patches for the Adobe Reader and Acrobat versions affected by the advisories are promised posthaste.
Issue 199/2017
Buy this issue as a PDF
Red Hat Announces OpenShift.io
Red Hat takes its IDE online.
Microsoft Bakes Linux into Windows Server
Microsoft is slowly becoming a Linux vendor.
Fearless Coyote, Linux Kernel 4.11 is Out
The new kernel makes swap implementation more scalable, which will help cloud providers.
Docker Appoints Steve Singh CEO
The new CEO comes from a very strong SaaS background.
Docker Announces Linux Kit and Moby Project
Both projects help organizations build their own containerized systems.
Ubuntu Returns to Gnome as Its Mobile Plans Shatter
Mark Shuttleworth has resumed the position of CEO of Canonical.
Microsoft is Shutting Down CodePlex
Microsoft's open source code hosting platform CodePlex will come to an end after a more than 10-year stint.
Fedora 26 Alpha Released
Comes with Gnome 3.24
Old Linux Kernel Bug Discovered
The bug was introduced back in 2009 and has been lurking around all this time.
OpenSSH 7.5 Released
The new release deprecates the sshd_config UsePrivilegeSeparation option.


text:
Yunzhiyan.com is a 1 year old domain.
It was registered by weisheng hu , who can be reached at . Registration details show that it was registered on 07 Jan 2016 through rally cry domains, llc and will expire on 07 Jan 2017.
The site returns a status code of 200. The site is being served through nginx/1.11.4.


text:
Adelaide Rockford HotelMid-scale hotel for business or family trips
We look forward to welcoming you to Adelaide Rockford!Ms Sharon MARTIN, Hotel Manager
Novotel Adelaide Rockford hotel is a contemporary 4 star hotel on lively Hindley Street. Centrally located in the CBD the hotel is within minutes walking distance to Adelaide Oval, Convention Centre, Casino, Shopping & Dining precincts. Showcasing a rooftop pool with views across the city skyline the hotel also features Spice Market restaurant and bar to relax and unwind.
- 10-minute walk to station, Convention Centre
- Walking distance to all city-centre sights
- Free WiFi, ergonomic work space, LCD TV
- Relaxed drinks and dining at Spice Market
- 4 flexible spaces for events that work
This hotel participates to Planet 21 and is acting in favour of Positive Hospitality.
Services in the hotel and nearby
WIFI/Internet Access
- WIFI at the hotel
- High-speed Internet
- WIFI in the communal areas
- WIFI in your room
- WIFI access
- Private indoor parking (Paying)
- Private enclosed outdoor parking (Paying)
- Public outdoor parking (Paying, Nearby)
- Bus/coach parking area
- Well-lit parking
Accessibility for people with reduced mobility
- Reduced mobility rooms
- Wheelchair access
- Reduced mobility facilities
- Outdoor unheated pool
- Fitness centre (Nearby)
- Massage
Services and practical information
WIFI/Internet Access
- WIFI at the hotel
- High-speed Internet
- WIFI in the communal areas
- WIFI in your room
- WIFI access
- Private indoor parking (Paying)
- Private enclosed outdoor parking (Paying)
- Public outdoor parking (Paying, Nearby)
- Bus/coach parking area
- Well-lit parking
Accessibility for people with reduced mobility
- Reduced mobility rooms
- Wheelchair access
- Reduced mobility facilities
- Babysitting on request
- 100% non-smoking hotel
- Air Conditioning
- Reception open 24 hours a day
- Dry cleaning / Ironing
- Laundromat
- Porter
- Concierge
Leisure and activities
- Outdoor unheated pool
- Fitness centre (Nearby)
- Massage
- Babysitting on request
Tennis (Nearby)
- Clay tennis court (Paying, Nearby)
- Hard tennis court (Paying, Nearby)
- Outdoor tennis court (Paying, Nearby)
- Kayaking (Nearby)
Other sports activities (Nearby)
- Bicycle hire facilities (Paying, Nearby)
- Athletics stadium (Nearby)
- Basketball facilities (Nearby)
- Jogging track (Nearby)
- Skating rink (Paying, Nearby)
- Ski hire facilities (Nearby)
- 1 restaurant(s)
- 1 bar(s)
Room service
- Hot meals
- Cold snacks
- Opening hours : Week 24 Hours
- Opening hours : Week-end 24 Hours
Business services
- 5 meeting room(s)
Business centre
- Business center with support staff
- Self service business centre
- Copy/print service available
Hotel location
164 Hindley Street
Tel: (+61)8/82118255
Fax: (+61)8/82311179
- GREYHOUND : GREYHOUND, Franklin St Term
- ADELAIDE INTL APT At 7km / 4.35 miles - Shuttle paying
- ADELAIDE At 0.8km / 0.5 miles
Currently, close to our hotel
Our rooms
Executive Room
All our Superior room features with added products and services, such as an LCD TV, complimentary Internet access, indulgent amenities, bathrobes, slippers, plus a corner spa bath, in room movies and satellite channels. Up to 2 adults and 1 child.
Standard Room
A spacious room with one king or two queen beds, in room movies and wireless Internet access. Up to 2 adults and 2 children.
Executive Floor
Bungalows & Apartments
This one bedroom apartment features a full kitchen, lounge and a bedroom boasting a 42 inch LCD TV with iPod and camcorder connectivity, plus satellite channels and in room movies. The king bed can be converted into two king singles. Up to 2 adults.
Superior Room
A modern, spacious room with one king bed, LCD TV, complimentary wireless Internet access, indulgent amenities, bathrobes, slippers, in room movies and satellite channels. Up to 2 adults and 2 children.
- 80 rooms
- 100% non-smoking hotel
- 2 rooms for people with reduced mobility
- 4 family rooms
- Extra bed in room for child
- Extra bed in room for adult
- Crib on request
- Ice machine
- Air conditioning
- Data port in room
- Emergency exit map
- Spa/Jacuzzi in bathroom
- Bathroom doors 32 inches wide
- Telephone
- Radio in room
- Crib on request
- Opening windows
- Remote control TV
- WIFI in your room
- Cordless telephone
- Direct dial telephone
- Work desk in all rooms
- DDI - Direct Dialing In
- Satellite/cable colour TV
- Manual temperature control
- Automatic temperature control
- Computer
- Iron in room
- Microwave in room
- Coffee/tea making facilities
- Minibar
- Shower
- Bathtub
- Toilets
- Hair dryer in bathroom
- Hair dryer at reception
- Keycard-operated door locks
- Audible smoke alarms in rooms
- Smoke alarm in room
- Emergency info in rooms
- Alarm clock
- Message alert
- Operator wake up call
- Automatic wake up call
Our restaurants and bars
- Mon
- Tue
- Wed
- Thu
- Fri
- Sat
- Sun
- Mon
- Tue
- Wed
- Thu
- Fri
- Sat
- Sun
SPICE MARKETType of cuisine: International
Spice Market offers a tapestry of taste with both creative cuisine & fine wines to tantalise the tastebuds. Superb service & a warm ambience to match, we also offer a healthy choice kids menu, eco fire & fabulous views of the Adelaide arts precinct.
- Mon
- Tue
- Wed
- Thu
- Fri
- Sat
- Sun
- Mon
- Tue
- Wed
- Thu
- Fri
- Sat
- Sun
A modern lounge during the day, the setting lends itself to informal meetings over a hot cup of coffee or cool refreshing drink. At night the area transforms into a spacious lounge bar where you can relax and unwind.
Your meetings and events
Our meeting rooms
- Number of meeting rooms: 5
- Maximum size: 152 m²
- Maximum capacity: 180
- Maximum banquet capacity: 140
Our customer reviews for Adelaide Rockford
Reviews collected from customers who booked on AccorHotels.com
service above & beyond what is usually found even in good hotels; room very comfortable with everything very user friendly. I am reminded Accor understands service & guests' needs wherever in the world the hotel is located
Have stayed there many a time now and never been unhappy. The breakfasts are great and always plenty of hot food, replenished continually. If I had to include a negative then there were just too many remote controls to get my head around. But I love the Rockford and will continue to stay there when I can!
When making a booking at this hotel:
- I earn Status & Rewards points
- I do not earn points
- I can easily convert my HuaZhu Rewards points into Le Club AccorHotels points (and vice versa)
- I can use my Rewards points
- I cannot use my points
- I benefit from {{fidelityCard}} advantages
- I benefit from advantages
- I do not benefit from advantages
- I can take advantage of the Members' rate
- I cannot take advantage of the Members' rate


text:
Discussion in 'Fan Zone' started by Teague31, Dec 31, 2006.
Romo in the Pro Bowl or this weeks' "defensive changes"?
Id say the defensive changes. Romo played pretty badly, but the defense never made a stop when they had to.
31 points should be MORE THAN ENOUGH to beat Detroit.
Our defense is so pathetic.


text:
Keonjhar (Orissa), Feb 5 (PTI) Armed miscreantslooted Rs 15 lakh from employees of a private company afteropening fire on their vehicle in Orissa''s Keonjhar districttoday.
Police said three employees of the company and thedriver of the jeep were returning here after withdrawing themoney from a bank when the miscreants attacked them nearBaneikala, they said.
They fired and injured the driver on his right shoulderbefore decamping with the cash.
The driver was later admitted to a hospital.
A massive manhunt has been launched to nab themisreants, the police added.