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Brumbies near the Sandover Highway in the Northern Territory, 2006
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|Horse (Equus ferus caballus)
A Brumby is a free-roaming feral horse in Australia. Although they are found in many areas around the country, the best-known brumbies are found in the Australian Alps region in south-eastern Australia. Today, the most are found in the Northern Territory, with the second largest population in Queensland. A grouping of Brumbies is known as a "mob" or a "band".
Brumbies are the descendants of escaped or lost horses, dating back in some cases to those belonging to the nation's early European settlers. These horses included the "Capers" that arrived from South Africa, Timor Ponies from Indonesia, British pony breeds, various British draught horse breeds and a significant number of Thoroughbreds and Arabians.
Today they live in many places, including some National Parks. Occasionally they are mustered and domesticated for use as campdrafters, working stock horses on farms or stations, but also as trail horses, show horses, Pony Club mounts and pleasure horses. These horses are the subject of some controversy, sometimes regarded as a pest and threat to native ecosystems, but valued by others as part of Australia's heritage, with supporters who work to prevent inhumane treatment or extermination. Several voluntary organisations also work to rehome captured Brumbies.[1]
Origin of the term
The term brumby refers to a feral horse in Australia.[2] Its first recorded use in print is in the Australasian magazine from Melbourne in 1880, which said that brumbies were the bush name in Queensland for 'wild' horses. In 1885, the Once a Month magazine suggested that brumbies was a New South Wales term, and the poet Banjo Paterson stated in the introduction for his poem Brumby's Run published in the Bulletin in 1894 that Brumby was the word for free-roaming horses. Its derivation is obscure,[3] and may have come about from one or more of the following possibilities:
- Horses left behind by Sergeant James Brumby from his property at Mulgrave Place in New South Wales, when he left for Tasmania in 1804.[4]
- An Aboriginal word baroomby meaning "wild" in the language of the Pitjara Indigenous Australians on the Warrego and Nogoa Rivers in southern Queensland.[5]
- A letter in 1896 to the Sydney Morning Herald also says that baroombie is the word for horse among the Aboriginal people of the Balonne, Nebine, Warrego and Bulloo Rivers.[6]
- Baramba, which was the name of a creek and station in the Queensland district of Burnett, established in the 1840s and later abandoned, leaving many of the horses to escape into the wild.[7]
- It has also been suggested that the name derives from the Irish word bromach or bromaigh.[6]
Early horse imports
Horses first arrived in Australia in 1788 with the First Fleet of Irish and British settlers. They were imported for farm and utility work; recreational riding and racing were not major activities. By 1800, only about 200 horses are thought to have reached Australia. Horse racing became popular around 1810, resulting in an influx of Thoroughbred imports, mostly from England. Roughly 3,500 horses were living in Australia by 1820, and this number had grown to 160,000 by 1850, largely due to natural increase.[8] The long journey by sea from England, Europe, and Asia meant that only the strongest horses survived the trip, making for a particularly healthy and strong Australian stock, which aided in their ability to flourish.[9]
Origin of feral herds
Horses were likely confined primarily to the Sydney region until the early 1800s, when settlers first crossed the Blue Mountains and opened expansion inland. Horses were required for travel, and for cattle and sheep droving as the pastoral industry grew. The first report of an escaped horse is in 1804, and by the 1840s some horses had escaped from settled regions of Australia. It is likely that some escaped because fences were not properly installed, when fences existed at all,[10] but it is believed that most Australian horses became feral because they were released into the wild and left to fend for themselves.[11] This may have been the result of pastoralists abandoning their settlements, and thus their horses, due to the arid conditions and unfamiliar land that combined to make farming in Australia especially difficult. After World War I, the demand for horses by defence forces declined with the growth in mechanization, which led to a growth in the number of unwanted animals that were often set free. Throughout the twentieth century, the replacement of horses with machines in farming led to further falls in demand, and therefore may have also contributed to increases in feral populations.[12]
Currently, Australia has at least 400,000 individuals estimated to be roaming the continent.[13] It is also estimated that, during periods of non-drought, the feral horse population increases at a rate of 20% per year.[14] Despite being so populous, feral horses are generally considered to be only a moderate pest.[15]
Brumbies roaming in the Australian Alps of south-eastern Australia are thought to be descendants of horses which were owned by the pastoralist and pioneer, Benjamin Boyd.[7]
Pangaré Brumbies
On the coast south of Geraldton, Western Australia the Brumbies there are known as 'Pangare Ponies', as they appear to carry the rare Pangaré gene. This colouring is commonly known as mealy and is seen mainly in a number of old breeds such as British Ponies, Timor Ponies, Haflingers and even Belgian Draught Horses. The gene causes lightening in parts of a horse's coat, resulting in a mealy coloured muzzle, forearms, flanks, and the belly. It is sometimes seen in chestnut horses with flaxen coloured manes and tails.[16]
The Pangaré Brumbies appear have adapted well to their coastal environment, where they are consuming saltbush, which they do not appear to be damaging. The Department of Environment and Conservation and the Outback Heritage Horse Association of Western Australia (OHHAWA) are monitoring these particular Brumbies to ensure the careful management of these unusual feral horses.[17]
Brumbies have been captured. fitted with GPS tracking collars, and used in extensive comparative research into the effect of terrain on the morphology and health of different horses' hooves. They have their paths of movement, diet, watering patterns, and mob structure tracked and recorded.[18] [19]
Captured Brumbies can be trained as stock horses and other saddle horses. Encouraging viewing of feral herds may also have potential as a tourist attraction. Brumbies are sometimes sold into the European horse meat market after their capture, and contribute millions of dollars to the Australian economy. Approximately 30% of horses for meat export originates from the feral population. The hides and hair of these horses are also used and sold.[8]
Wild Brumbies are used in Brumby training camps by organisations that promote positive interaction between troubled, high-risk youths. These camps usually last several weeks, allowing youths to train a wild Brumby to become a quiet, willing saddle horse while, improving the youths' self esteem.[20]
Wild Brumbies are also used in the Brumby catch and handle event in stockman's challenge competitions, where riders are required to catch a free running Brumby from their horse within a time limit of a few minutes. Sectional points are awarded for the stockman's challenge for care and skill in catching the Brumby and their ability to teach them to lead. These demanding challenges for riders are held in New South Wales at Dalgety, Tamworth and Murrurundi[21][22][23] plus The Man From Snowy River Challenge in Corryong, Victoria.[24] Several New South Wales show societies, including Walcha, Bellingen and Dorrigo hold special classes for registered Brumbies at their annual agricultural shows.[25]
Environmental impact
Horses were first described as pests in Australia in the 1860s.[26] Today, negative environmental impacts may include soil loss, compaction, and erosion; trampling of vegetation; reduction in the vastness of plants; increased tree deaths by chewing on bark; damage to bog habitats and waterholes; spreading of invasive weeds; and various detrimental effects on population of native species.[12] In some cases, when feral horses are startled, they may damage infrastructure, including troughs, pipes, and fences.[8] On the other hand, grazing Brumbies also reduce vegetation buildup and thus may reduce the risk of massively destructive bushfires that destroy native flora and fauna and may be followed by severe flooding.[27] Brumbies also help keep tracks and trails clear for bush walkers and service vehicles.[28]
The hooves of free-roaming horses compact the soil, and when the soil is compacted, air spaces are minimized, leaving nowhere for water to collect.[29] When this occurs, soil in areas where horses are prevalent has a water penetration resistance over 15 times higher than that in areas without horses.[30] Trampling also causes soil erosion and damages vegetation, and because the soil cannot hold water, plant regrowth is hindered.[10] Horse trampling also has the potential to damage waterways and bog habitats. Trampling near streams increases runoff, reducing the quality of the water and causing harm to the ecosystem of the waterway.[31] Horse excrement tends to foul these waterways, as does the accumulation of carcasses that result when feral horses perish, adding to the negative environmental impact of this exotic species in Australia.[12]
Alpine areas, such as those of Kosciuszko National Park, are at particular risk; low-growing alpine flora is highly vulnerable to trampling, and the short summers mean little time for plants to grow and recover from damage. The biodiversity there is high, with 853 species of plant, 21 of which are found nowhere else. Erosion in the limestone karst areas leads to runoff and silting. Sphagnum moss is an important component of highland bogs, and is trampled by horses seeking water.[32]
Feral horses may also reduce the richness of plant species.[29] Exposure of soil caused by trampling and vegetation removal via grazing, combined with increased nutrients being recycled by horse dung, favour weed species, which then invade the region and overtake native species, diminishing their diversity.[12] The dispersal of weeds is aided by the attachment of seeds to the horses' manes and tails, and are also transferred via horse dung after consumption of weeds in one location and excrement in another. Although the effects of the weeds that actually germinate after transfer via dung is debated, the fact that a large number of weed species are dispersed via this method is of concern to those interested in the survival of native plant species in Australia.[33] The effect on plants and plant habitats are more pronounced during droughts, when horses travel greater distances to find food and water. They consume the already threatened and limited vegetation, and their negative influences are more widespread.[10] Feral horses may also chew the bark of trees, which may leave some trees vulnerable to external threats. This has occurred during drought, among eucalyptus species on the Red Range plateau.[34] It appears as though feral horses may prefer these species.[12]
Interaction with other animal species
The changes in vegetation that result when feral horses overpopulate a region affects bird species by removing plants upon which they feed, as well as altering the habitat of the birds and their prey.[35] Feral horse grazing is also linked to a decline in reptiles and amphibians due to habitat loss.[36] In addition, the grazing and trampling near waterways influences aquatic fauna. In areas frequented by horses, crab densities are higher, increasing the propensity for predation on fish. As a result, fish densities decline as the removal of vegetation renders them more susceptible to predation.[35]
In areas where horses are abundant, macropod populations are less prevalent. This is most likely due to the horses' consumption of vegetation upon which the macropods normally feed.[12] When horses are removed, signs of the presence of various macropods, specifically the black-footed rock wallaby, increase. Thus, competition with horses may be the reason for the decline in macropod populations in certain areas.[37]
Brumby populations also may have the potential to pass exotic diseases, such as equine influenza and African horse sickness to domestic horses.[38] They also may carry tick fever, which can be passed to both horses and cattle.[10] This can lead to high fatalities among domestic populations, causing many farmers to call for the management of feral horses.
Like all livestock, brumbies can carry the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, which can result in serious gastroenteritis in people drinking contaminated drinking water.[39]
Population management
Although poor management of feral horses may pose an ecological and environmental threat in some parts of Australia, their management is made difficult by issues of feasibility and public concern. Currently, management attempts vary, as feral horses are considered pests in some states, such as South Australia, but not others, including Queensland.[12] There is also controversy over removal of Brumbies from National Parks. The primary argument in favour of the removal of Brumbies is that they impact on fragile ecosystems and damage and destroy endangered native flora and fauna.
Public concern is a major issue in control efforts [40] as many advocate for the protection of Brumbies, including the Aboriginal people, who believe feral horses belong to the country.[8] Other horse interest groups resent the labelling of horses as "feral" and are completely opposed to any measures that threaten their survival.[41] Many horse lovers and animal rights advocates oppose culling techniques and attempt to organise relocation of the animals instead. However, it has been argued that relocation, which often involves hours of helicopter mustering, would be more traumatic for the horses. Animal welfare groups aim to protect animals, including feral horses, from cruelty and exploitation, as well as from "unnecessary stress" caused by control efforts.[42]
Meanwhile, conservationist groups, such as the Australian Conservation Foundation, condone humane culling as a means of control because of the damage Brumby overpopulation can cause to native flora and fauna, but are also generally opposed to various means of extermination.[43] This makes management a challenge for policymakers, though at present, the cost of allowing overpopulation of feral horses seems to outweigh other concerns.
Population control methods
The traditional method of removal, called brumby running, is reminiscent of Banjo Paterson's iconic poem, The Man from Snowy River where expert riders rope the Brumbies and remove them to a new location.[7][44]
Options for population control include fertility control, ground and helicopter shooting, and mustering and trapping. None of the methods provide complete freedom from suffering for the horses, and the cost of each is very high. The costs include those that are economic, such as research, equipment purchases, and labour expenditures, as well as moral concerns over the welfare of the horses. As a result, more effective and efficient means of control have been called for.[8]
Fertility control is usually viewed as the most humane treatment, as it is non-lethal.[45] It involves injecting horses with hormones which render them infertile. While it appears as though these treatments are effective in the breeding season immediately following injection, the lasting effects are debated. Because it is costly and difficult to treat animals repeatedly, this method, despite being ideal, is not widely implemented.[45]
Shooting by trained marksmen is considered by many to be the most practical method of control because it is effective and animals that are initially wounded and not killed may be tracked and dispatched if they are in accessible, open country. It is not a humane means for destruction of horses in mountain ranges.[46] Helicopter shootings allow for aerial reconnaissance of a large area to target the densest populations, and shooters may get close enough to the target animals to ensure termination.[12] This method is the most effective and cost efficient means of control, but disapproval is high amongst those that believe it is inhumane.[15]
Mustering is a labour intensive process that results in one of two major outcomes: slaughter for sale, or relocation. It may be assisted by feed-luring in which bales of hay are strategically placed to attract feral horses to a location where capture is feasible. Complicating this process is low demand for the captured horses, making it less desirable than fertility control or shooting, which reduce the population without having to find alternative locations for them.[12]
Management in national parks
Between 22 October and 24 October 2000, approximately 600 Brumbies were shot in the Guy Fawkes River National Park by the National Parks and Wildlife Service. As a result of the public outcry that followed the NSW Government established a Steering Committee to investigate alternative methods of control.[47] Since the campaign began to remove horses from the national park, over 400 have been passively trapped and taken from the Park, and 200 of these have been re-homed.[25]
A NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service cull during 2006 and 2007 in Kosciuszko National Park, where there were an estimated 1700 horses in 2005,[48] resulted in a reduction of 64 horses.[49]
The NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service commenced a plan in 2007 to reduce Brumby numbers by passive trapping in the Oxley Wild Rivers National Park.[50] Over 60 brumbies captured in the Apsley River Gorge have now been re-homed.
In 2008 the third phase of an aerial culling of Brumbies took place, by shooting 700 horses from a helicopter, in Carnarvon Gorge in Carnarvon National Park, Queensland.[51]
In literature and media
Brumbies, called "wild bush horses," are mentioned in Banjo Paterson's poem The Man from Snowy River.[52] This poem was expanded into the films The Man from Snowy River and The Man from Snowy River II — (US title: "Return to Snowy River" — UK title: "The Untamed") — also The Man from Snowy River (TV series) and The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular.
Another Banjo Paterson poem, called Brumby's Run, describes a mob of brumbies running wild. Paterson was inspired to write the poem when he read of a N.S.W. Supreme Court Judge, who on hearing of Brumby horses, asked: "Who is Brumby, and where is his Run?"
The popular Silver Brumby books by Elyne Mitchell were written for children and young adults.[53] The stories describe the adventures of Thowra, a Brumby stallion.[54] These stories were dramatised and made into a movie of the same name (also known as The Silver Stallion: King of the Wild Brumbies), starring Russell Crowe and Caroline Goodall.[55]
The brumby was adopted as an emblem in 1996 by then newly-formed ACT Brumbies, a Super 14 rugby union team based in Canberra, Australia.[56]
See also
- Invasive species in Australia
- ↑ Foster, Helen and Digby (2010). "The Guy Fawkes Heritage Horse Association Inc.". Dorrigo, NSW: self. http://www.guyfawkesheritagehorse.com/. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ↑ "Definition of "Brumby"". Compact Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. http://www.askoxford.com:80/concise_oed/brumby?view=uk. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ↑ "Definition of "Brumby"". Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/brumby. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
- ↑ ADB: Brumby, James Retrieved 2009-12-16
- ↑ The History of theGuy Fawkes River Australian Brumbies and the Brumbies of the Northern Tablelands Retrieved 2009-12-23
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ludowyk, Frederick. "Wild Horses Running Wild". http://www.anu.edu.au/ANDC/pubs/ozwords/October_2003/brumby.html. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Chisholm, Alec H. (ed.), The Australian Encyclopaedia, Vol. 2, p. 170, "Brumby", Halstead Press, Sydney, 1963
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Dobbie, W. R., Berman, D. M., & Braysher, M. L. (1993) "Managing vertebrate pests: Feral horses." Canberra: Australia Government Publishing Service
- ↑ McKnight, T. (1976) "Friendly vermin- Survey of feral livestock in Australia." Berkeley: University of California Press
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Australia Government Department of the Environment and Heritage. (2004) Feral horse. (Equus caballus) and feral donkey. (Equus asinus): Invasive species fact sheet. Retrieved 2009-3-1.
- ↑ Berger, J. (1986) Wild horses of the Great Basin. Sydney: University of Chicago Press.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 Nimmo, D. G., & Miller, K. K. (2007) Ecological and human dimensions of management of feral horses in Australia: A review. Wildlife Research, 34, 408-17.
- ↑ Dawson, M. J., Lane, C. & Saunders, G. (2006) Proceedings of the National Feral Horse Management Workshop, Retrieved May 9, 2008 from http://www.invasiveanimals.com/downloads/FeralHorse_web.pdf
- ↑ Eberhardt, L. L.; Majorowicz, A. K.; Wilcox, J. A.(1982). "Apparent rates of increase for two feral horse herds." Journal of Wildlife Management, 46, 367-374.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Bomford, M., & Hart, Q. (2002). "Non-indigenous vertebrates in Australia." In Biological invasions: Economic and environmental costs of alien plant, animal, and microbe species. David Pimental (Ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
- ↑ Hoofbeats: Pangare Ponies Retrieved 2009-12-16
- ↑ Wild horses of WA: The Pangare Ponies Retrieved 2009-12-16
- ↑ Equine Veterinarians: Wild Horses Give Us Their Secrets Retrieved 2009-12-16
- ↑ University of Queensland: Australian Brumby Research Unit Retrieved 2009-12-16
- ↑ Brumby camps Retrieved 2009-12-16
- ↑ Snowy River Festival at Dalgety Retrieved 200-12-16
- ↑ NCHA: Stockman's Challenge Retrieved 2009-12-16
- ↑ "King of the ranges stockman's challenge" Retrieved 200-12-16
- ↑ The Man from Snowy River Bush Festival Retrieved 200-12-16
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 The Land Magazine, p. 3, 19 June 2008, Rural Press, North Richmond, NSW
- ↑ Pest Animal Control CRC. Feral horse. (Equus caballus) Retrieved 2008-5-8
- ↑ Reports following on from the Victorian State Government's inquiry into the Alpine bushfires of 2002-03. See for instance Gooch, Liz; Moynihan, Stephen; Simpson, Kirsty (2003-03-23). "Inquiry takes on lessons of fires". The Sunday Age: p. 11. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/22/1047749985031.html. Retrieved 2009-04-04. ; Impacts of Bushfires; Floods hit fire-ravaged Australian towns; Bushfire Impacts; Climate change adaptation; 2003 - Large fires.
- ↑ Walcha News, p.6, 17 July 2008, Rural Press
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Dyring, J. (1990). The impact of feral horses. (Equus caballus) on sub-alpine and montane environments. Canberra: University of Canberra Press.
- ↑ Beever, E. A., and Herrick, J. E. (2006) Effects of feral horses in Great Basin landscapes on soils and ants: direct and indirect mechanisms. Journal of Arid Environments, 66, 96–112.
- ↑ Rogers, G. M. (1991) Kaimanawa feral horses and their environmental impacts. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 15, 49–64, New Zealand Ecological Society, Inc.
- ↑ Kosciuszko National Park Horse Management Plan, pp. 12-13
- ↑ Campbell, J. E., and Gibson, D. J. (2001) "The effect of seeds of exotic species transported via horse dung on vegetation along trail corridors." Plant Ecology, 157, 23–35.
- ↑ Bark Chewing on Red Range plateau, GFRNP: http://www.ecoman.une.edu.au/staff/kvernes/Ashton.pdf
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Levin, P. S., Ellis, J., Petrik, R., and Hay, M. E. (2002) "Indirect effects of feral horses on estuarine communities." Conservation Biology, 16, 1364–1371.
- ↑ Clemann, N. (2002). "A herpetofauna survey of the Victorian alpine region, with a review of threats to these species." Victorian Naturalist, 119, 48–58.
- ↑ Matthews, D., Bryan, R., and Edwards, G. (2001) Recovery of the black-footed rock-wallaby following horse removal on Finke Gorge National Park, Northern Territory. In Nimmo (2007)
- ↑ Burke's Backyard: Horse Culling Retrieved 2009-12-1-23
- ↑ Environment ACT 2007, Namadgi National Park Feral Horse Management Plan
- ↑ Nimmo, D. G., Miller, K., & Adams, R. (2007). Managing feral horses in Victoria: A study of community attitudes and perceptions. Ecological Management & Restoration 8 (3) , 237–243
- ↑ Chapple, R. (2005). "The politics of feral horse management in Guy Fawkes River National Park, NSW." Australian Zoologist, 33, 233–246.
- ↑ Shears, Richard. "Mail Online News: Massacre at murder spring: The shocking cull of wild horses in the Aussie outback". http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494610/Massacre-murder-spring-The-shocking-cull-wild-horses-Aussie-outback.html. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- ↑ Senate Select Committee on Animal Welfare. (1991). Culling of large feral animals in the Northern Territory. Canberra: Senate Printing Unit.
- ↑ ABC News: Brumby removal plan sparks community debate Retrieved 2009-12-16
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 Killian, G. L. A., Miller, N. K., Diehl, J., Rhyan, J., and Thain, D. (2004) "Evaluation of three contraceptive approaches for population control of wild horses." Proceedings of the 21st Vertebrate Pest Conference, 21, 263–268. In Nimmo (2007)
- ↑ The Australian Veterinary Association (AVA) spoke out about the Guy Fawkes River National Park brumby cull: http://www.brumbywatchaustralia.com/GFRNP-AVA_speaks.htm
- ↑ Save the Brumbies
- ↑ Kosciuszko National Park Horse Management Plan, p. 1
- ↑ Kosciuszko National Park Horse Management Plan, p. 17
- ↑ "Feral Horse Management Plan Draft - Oxley Wild Rivers National Park" (PDF). New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. January 2006. http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/PDFs/draft_pom_feral_horses_oxley.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-04.
- ↑ ABC News: Cull cuts Carnarvon Gorge brumby numbers Retrieved 2009-12-19
- ↑ "Man from Snowy River" poem by Banjo Peterson
- ↑ Prentice, jeff. "A Tribute: ELYNE MITCHELL, 1913 - 2002 MATRIARCH OF THE HIGH COUNTRY." Viewpoint: On Books for Young Adults Volume 10, Number 3, Spring 2002
- ↑ Amazon.com listing, containing a review from School Library Journal
- ↑ iMDB on The Silver Brumby
- ↑ "Official site of Brumbies Rugby". CA Brumbies. 2007. http://www.brumbies.com.au/. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
- Kosciuszko National Park Horse Management Plan. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment and Climate Change, NSW Government. December 2008. ISBN 978 1 74122 831 1. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/nature/KNPHorseManagementPlanFinal08.pdf. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
External links
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text: How to express 'express'? – Pedagogical reflections from web resources Yiching Wu National Tsing Hua University Simon Smith Ming Chuan University Chu-Ren Huang Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica Express on the Internet Web resources, dictionaries, thesauri and corpora, are regarded as useful tools in linguistics and applied widely in pedagogy nowadays. (Biber 1993, Wichmann et al. 1997, Biber et al. 1998, Partington 1998, Hunston 1999, Sinclair 2002, Aston et al. (2004)) Viewpoint: non-native language speaker Goal: to gain a better understanding of current function and future directions Resources on the Internet Dictionaries: Cambridge Dictionaries Online Merriam-Webster Online Thesauri: WordNet, FrameNet, HowNet, Proposition Bank Corpora: BNC, Sinica Corpus, Sinorama Online dictionary: CALD The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (CALD) Three express entries are found, based on the similarity of meaning: express (SHOW) express (FAST) express (CLEAR) Online dictionary: CALD express (SHOW) Examples: Her eyes expressed (vt) deep sadness. I would like to express (vt) my thanks for your kindness. I'm afraid I'm not expressing (vt) myself very clearly. Words can't express (vt) how happy I am. These figures are expressed (vt) as a percentage of the total. Related words: expression (n), expressionless (a), expressive (a) expressively (adv), expressiveness (n) Online dictionary: CALD express (FAST) Examples: Your order will be expressed (v) to you within 24 hours. the Orient Express (n) express (a) train Send this parcel express (adv). Online dictionary: CALD express (CLEAR ) Examples: It is my express (a) wish that after my death, my books be given to my old college library. Related words: expressly (adv) Online dictionaries: MWOD, WordNet The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (MWOD) WordNet Four entries are found based on grammatical function: express (a), express (adv), express (n), express (v) 'to force out (as the juice of a fruit) by pressure' 'to cause (a gene) to manifest its effects in the phenotype' Two compounds in MWOD: Express Mail, pony express What we can learn meaning grammatical functions: adjective, noun, adverb and verb. derived words: expression, expressiveness, expressionless, expressive, expressively, expressly compounds: Express Mail , pony express phrases: express yourself well-formed sentences Creativity and analogy He expressed his feelings. He expressed his anger. my express wish ? your express hopes ? my express desire to express how happy I am ? to express what a beautiful girl she is What we cannot learn guidance on ungrammatical uses similarities and differences between English and the learners' mother language frequency of usage meaning: SHOW>FAST>CLEAR ? function: a>n>v>adv ? unmarked (frequent) >marked (rare) (Odlin 1994, Teng 1998) Online corpora: (1) BNC the British National Corpus (BNC) (Leech 1992) data: 100 million English words collected between 1991 and 1994. tool: the Sketch Engine programmed by Dr. Adam Kilgarriff and Dr. Pavel Rychlý Online corpora: (2) Sinorama the Sinorama Chinese-English Parallel Text Corpus (Sinorama) data: 2,373 pairs of articles in Chinese/English, published between 1976 and 2000. (103,252 pairs of sentences translated into about 3.2 million English words and 5.3 million Chinese characters) tool: TOTALrecal on CANDLE led by Professor Hsien-Chin Liou and Jason S Chang at National Tsing Hua University. Part of speech distribution of express in BNC and Sinorama Corpus POS BNC Sinorama count percentage count percentage V 11,959 87.1% 513 98.6% N 1,060 7.7% 2 0.4% A 713 5.2% 5 1.0% 13,732 100.0% 520 100.0% total Online thesauri: (1) FrameNet FrameNet (Fillmore et al. 2004) Statement frame: express (v) Core frame elements: Medium, Message, Speaker, Addressee, Topic. Lexical units: add, address, say, question, speak, state, statement, and discuss etc. Online thesauri: (1) FrameNet – Statement frame Examples: a. Evelyn (Speaker) said (V) that she was not ready to leave (Message). b. Kim (Speaker) questioned (V) me (Addressee) over the phone (Medium). c. Evelyn (Speaker) spoke (V) feelingly about what happened (Topic). d. Evelyn (Speaker) made a persuasive statement (N). e. The teacher (Speaker) discussed (V) the recent campus incidents (Topic). no annotated sentences of express Online thesauri: (1) FrameNet – Statement frame-express Examples: a. Evelyn (Speaker) expressed (V) that she was not ready to leave (Message). b. Kim (Speaker) expressed (V) me (Addressee) over the phone (Medium). c. Evelyn (Speaker) expressed (V) feelingly about what happened (Topic). d. Evelyn (Speaker) made a persuasive expression (N). e. The teacher (Speaker) expressed (V) the recent campus incidents (Topic). Online thesauri: (2) PropBank The English Proposition Bank (English PropBank) conducted by Professor Martha Stone Palmer and Mitch Marcus at the University of Pennsylvania SAY : express roles: Speaker, Utterance, Addressee SEND : express roles: Sender, Thing Sent, Sent-To Online thesaurus: (2) PropBank- SAY- express, SEND- express SAY : express Mr. Harper (Speaker) expressed (V) confidence that he and Mr. Baum can convince the board of their worthiness to run the company (Utterance). SEND : express John (Sender) expressed (V) his Christmas list (Thing Sent) to the North Pole (Sent-To). Patterns of express (v) 'to show a feeling, opinion or fact' a. Speaker [NP] express Message [NP] b. Speaker [NP] express Topic [NP (reflexive)] c. Speaker [NP] express Message [how-clause] d. Speaker [NP] express Message [that-clause] e. Speaker [NP] express Message [NP that-clause] f. Speaker [NP] express Addressee Medium g. Speaker [NP] express (Manner [AdvP]) Topic [about NP/NP] h. Theme [NP] be expressed as Relevant [NP] Online bilingual thesauri: (3) HowNet express Def: express|表示, describe|描寫, post|郵寄 Chinese expressions related to express|表示 biaoming 表明 'express clearly', biaoshi 表示 'express' biaoxian 表現 'show', biaotai 表態 'express attitude' biaoshi guandian 表示觀點 'express viewpoint ' mingque biaoshi lichang 明確表示立場 'explicitly express standpoint' biaoshi zhongxin 表示忠心 'express loyalty' express 'conveying a message in language' biaoshi 表示 Express and biaoshi in Sinorama Corpus POS V Sinorama count percentage 513 express : 520 biaoshi 表示: 1,843 98.6% N 2 0.4% A 5 1.0% total 520 100.0% express | biaoshi 表示 : 73 (14%) ( 4%) Why the match rate is low? Hypothesis I: The low match rate results from an asymmetry of grammatical function distribution. express count biao3 shi4 表示 percentage count percentage V N 513 2 98.6% 0.4% 1,841 2 99.9% 0.1% A 5 1.0% 0 0.0% 520 100.0% 1,843 100.0% Total Why the match rate is low? Hypothesis I BNC vs. Sinica Corpus express count V N A Total The 11,959 1,060 713 13,732 biao3 shi4 表示 percentage count 87.1% 7.7% 5.2% 100.0% 5,289 36 0 5,325 percentage 99.3% 0.7% 0 100.0% low match rate does not result from an asymmetry of grammatical function distribution. Why the match rate is low? Hypothesis II: Biaoshi 表示 is also polysemous, only some of the meanings can be mapped to express. Senses and meaning facets of biaoshi 表示 Liu and Wu 2004, Wu 2004 Sense 1: 'to quote or to describe what a Speaker said' 他表示:「這樣的定位點不容易被取代。」 ta biaoshi:「zheyang de dingweidian bu rongyi bei qudai.」 he biaoshi: "this kind of anchoring point not easy be replaced." 'He said, "This kind of anchoring point is not easy to be replaced."' Senses and meaning facets of biaoshi 表示 Sense 2: 'to convey emotion or attitude in language or by an action ' 李先生表示同情。 li xiansheng biaoshi tongqing. Li Mr. biaoshi sympathy. 'Mr. Li expressed his sympathy.' Senses and meaning facets of biaoshi 表示 Sense 3: 'to represent one thing in terms of another' facet 1: 'to reveal a deductive meaning' 我這麼說並不表示我不重視可能的弊端 wo zheme shuo bing bu biaoshi wo bu zhongshi keneng de biduan. I so say do not biaoshi I not concern possible malady 'Saying so doesn't mean that I am taking the possibility of creating abuses lightly.' Senses and meaning facets of biaoshi 表示 Sense 3 facet 2: 'to reveal a substitutive meaning ' conventional 鮮花表示愛情。 xianhua biaoshi aiqing. fresh flower biaoshi love. 'Fresh flowers represent love.' Senses and meaning facets of biaoshi 表示 Sense 3 facet 2: 'to reveal a substitutive meaning ' non-conventional 一支國旗表示一萬尾烏魚。 yi zhi guoqi biaoshi yi wan wei wuyu. one classifier nation flag biaoshi 10,000 classifier grey mullet 'One flag represents 10,000 grey mullet.' Mapping of express and biaoshi4表示 express 'conveying a message in language' biaoshi 表示-Sense 2: 'to convey emotion or attitude in language or by an action ' 李先生表示同情。 'Mr. Li expressed his sympathy.' Hypothesis II: Biaoshi 表示 is also polysemous, only sense 2 can be mapped to express. Mapping of express and biaoshi4表示 Examples from Sinorama a. At the end of last year, Thai Prince Bhisadej expressed on the occasion of the retirement of Sung Ching-yun, "Papa Sung, who has worked shoulder to shoulder with our people for the development of the mountain areas for over twenty years, is now going to retire. And our farms have lost a friend and a father." Speaker express, 'Message [clause].' Mapping of express and biaoshi4表示 Examples from Sinorama "I'm quite certain that old photos of this kind can still be found in every place in Taiwan," Liao Chia-chan expresses confidently. 'Message [clause]', Speaker express. Mapping of express and biaoshi4表示 Examples from Sinorama In the aura of benign competition, "for the last two years, the quality of Taiwan's products has seen a lot of progress," expresses Otto Lin, former president of the Industrial Technology Research Institute, who has been invited to serve as a judge in the National Product Awards for the past two years. 'Message [clause]', express Speaker. Mapping of express and biaoshi4表示 Examples from Sinorama Kuo Nan-hung expresses that those people usually are professors emeritus at universities. They are doing well, and don't need any modification in their lifestyle. Speaker express Message [that-clause] Mapping of express and biaoshi4表示 Systematic sporadic examples from Sinorama Speaker express, 'Message [clause].' 'Message [clause]', Speaker express. 'Message [clause]', express Speaker. Speaker express Message [that-clause]. express say and biaoshi 表示-sense 1 他表示:「這樣的定位點不容易被取代。」 'He said, "This kind of anchoring point is not easy to be replaced."' Why the match rate is low? Hypothesis III: (1) Biaoshi 表示 is also polysemous, only sense 1 and sense 2 can be mapped to express. (2) The low match rate results from a low frequency of sense 1 and sense 2 in Sinorama. Sense distribution of biaoshi 表示 in Sinorama Distribution count percentage sense 1 1,743 95% sense 2 43 2% sense 3 58 3% 1,843 100% Sense total Why the match rate is low? Hypothesis II: (1) Biaoshi 表示 is also polysemous, only sense 2 can be mapped to express. (2) The systematic sporadic examples in Sinorama are anomalous exceptions influenced by biaoshi 表示. Objects of predicate express and biaoshi Item Object type Sentential object Other object Total BNC express count percentage Sinica Corpus biaoshi 表示 count percentage 23 0.2% 4,882 92.3% 11,936 99.8% 407 7.7% 11,959 100.0% 5,289 100.0% Objects of predicate express in BNC Sentential objects * Speaker express, 'Message [clause].' * 'Message [clause]', Speaker express. * 'Message [clause]', express Speaker. ? Speaker express Message [that-clause]. (0.06%, 7 out of 11,959 verbal tokens ) Express does not map to biaoshi 表示-sense 1. Reflections Bilingual corpora may be influenced by one of the languages and may not reflect the other language truthfully. Say and express belong to the same lexical frame (Statement in FrameNet), and take the same kind of participant roles (Speaker, Message, Addressee, Topic, Medium), but their syntactic behavior is by no means the same. Nominal objects of predicate express in BNC: Message a. He expressed a hope that we might meet again during the remaining two days of his stay and have a longer conversation. b.各國領袖皆表示希望戰爭儘快結束。 ge guo lingxiu jie biaoshi xiwang zhanzheng jinkuai jieshu. 'Each leader of the countries all expressed a hope that the war will end as soon as possible.' biaoshi 表示+xiwang 希望 'hope'(N) +appositive clause? Message of predicate express in BNC c. *表示他們的希望戰爭儘快結束 *biaoshi tamen de xiwang zhanzheng jinkuai jieshu 'express their hope that the war will end as soon as possible' d. 各國領袖皆表示(他們)希望戰爭儘快結束。 ge guo lingxiu jie biaoshi (tamen) xiwang zhanzheng jinkuai jieshu. ?'Each leader of the countries all expressed that they hope that the war will end as soon as possible.' biaoshi 表示+Message [clause] express +Encoded Message [NP] (Message [that clause]) Topic of predicate express in BNC a. The Bulgarian authorities have expressed concern over the Greek Electrical Company's programme to dam the River Mesta. b He expressed concern that the officials are under considerable pressure. c. *他表示關心官員們壓力很大。 * ta biaoshi guanxin guanyuanmen yali hen da. d. 他對官員們的壓力很大表示關心。 ta dui guanyuanmen de yali hen da biaoshi guanxin. 'He expressed concern about the great pressure on the officials.' Topic of predicate express in BNC: N and P concern over/about, surprise at, belief in, commitment to, view on, etc. Addressee of predicate express in BNC a. He expressed to some colleagues his nervousness. b. 經理向眾人表示員工及投資人均是被害者。 jingli xiang zhongren biaoshi yuangong ji touziren jun shi beihaizhe. 'The manager expressed to the public that the employers and investors were all victims.' Speaker ask/*express Addressee [NP] Speaker *ask/express Addressee [to NP] Words of the same frame may not behave the same. Active and Passive sentences of predicate express in BNC Active: 9,326 (78%) , passive 2,633 (22%) a. Concern has been expressed about extending further the Prime Minister's powers of patronage. b. Doubt was expressed that Richards could maintain the unit. c. That view, albeit qualified somewhat, was also expressed by Ireland . d. The EC Trade and Agriculture Ministers, meeting in Brussels on Jan. 10-11, had restated their reservations (expressed at an earlier meeting on Dec. 23), saying that "insofar as the Dunkel paper calls into question the foundation of the Communities' agricultural policy, the paper is not acceptable". Active and Passive sentences in Mandarin In Mandarin, passive sentences are highly marked (Chu 1973). action verbs: da 打 'beat', ma 罵 'scold' a. 爸爸 打/罵 他。 baba da/ma ta. 'Father beat/scolded him.' b. 他被爸爸 打/罵。 ta bei baba da/ma. 'He was beaten/scolded by Father.' Active and Passive sentences of biaoshi 表示 a. 他表示關心。 ta biaoshi guanxin. 'He expressed concern.' b. *關心被他表示。 guanxin bei ta biaoshi. '*Concern was expressed by him.' Infinitive objects of predicate express in BNC a. The purchaser of Caliban was expressed to be Mr. Perot's son, Mr. Perot junior; at one stage during the negotiation of the contract it was suggested that Mr. Perot's daughters would be the purchasers. b. It will be in the landlord's interest to ensure that all tenancies are expressed to expire on the same date. highly restricted, in passives only 0.5% (60 instances: 50 in legal and 10 in non-legal texts) Some native speakers regard them as anomalous exceptions. Core patterns of express a. Speaker [NP] express (Addressee [to NP]) Encoded Message [NP] (Topic [PP]). b. Speaker [NP] express Encoded Message [NP] (Message [that-clause]). c. Speaker [NP] express Message [why-clause/howclause]. d. Encoded Message [NP] be expressed (Addressee [to NP]) ( Speaker [by NP]) (Message [thatclause]). Reflections and conclusion From a pedagogical point of view, most online dictionaries and thesauri do not provide adequate information about lexical items. Bilingual corpora may not faithfully reflect both languages. Learners should be carefully guided when using a bilingual corpus as an aid, though it may be a useful tool in learning the common core uses of a target language. It cannot be taken for granted that a pedagogical goal can be achieved successfully using the current online resource aids. Reflections and conclusion To meet pedagogical needs, the followings are needed: Information related to the frequency of a target lexical item and its collocated patterns Role internal grammatical types Common marked patterns, e.g. passive sentences and active sentences with N that-clause objects. Similarities and differences between English and Mandarin, i.e. positive input as well as negative input Reflections and conclusion The use of corpora does encourage a keener understanding of lexical nuance, and learners are less likely to blindly use the most obvious second language equivalent to the word they have in mind, when they have access to such resources. Thank you!

subset: commoncrawl


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The Seychelles are a chain of islands in Africa. Their name rhymes with Rachels. But the Rachels aren't in Africa. Maybe they used to be - nobody really knows, or cares - but they went to Bermuda and were never seen again. Nobody missed them. Nobody misses them.
The Seychelles are a chain of islands in Africa...


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Just in time for Purim, the Democratic National Convention Committee this week announced the official mascot for the 2008 convention: a donkey named Mordecai.
The mascot was chosen by a panel of judges at the National Western Stock Show in Denver. Mordecai and his handler, 12-year-old Sophie Herzog of Fairplay, Colo., will take part in ceremonies leading up to the August convention, which will be held in Denver.
Sarah Kricheff
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Create a free account to check out faster, store multiple shipping addresses, view and track your orders in your account, and much more.
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We were contemplating shipping our unruly locks off to reform school—that is, until we stumbled across this taskmaster of a styling treatment. It's basically a drill sergeant for our hair. With just a few spritzes, it hydrates, repairs, protects against heat damage and color fading, prevents split ends, and boosts shine. And it has a tougher side too: The deceptively lightweight formula tames frizz, detangles, and demands more volume from limp strands (which promptly obey).
I tried this product as soon as I received it as I am always on the hunt for hair products. I am pretty low maintenance so a product that claims to do it all is right up my alley. The product itself it nice, didn't make my hair weighed down or greasy, but I cannot get over the over powering scent. As someone else said, it smells like dryer sheets! I thought maybe the scent would wear off after a while, and it did die down but not enough for my taste.3


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Welcome to the Hebron Church of Hope. Hope is defined by Webster's Dictionary as "a desire accompanied by expectation of or belief in fulfillment". All of us have had desires that we expected to be fulfilled. And yet, the majority of us would have to admit that we have been disappointed in seeing our hopes fulfilled.
We have a desire to be loved by another person. We desire to be wealthy or comfortable. We have a desire to feel like we matter. Sadly, it seems that hope eludes us. Desires are left unfulfilled. We had hopes. But they are fleeting.
What is the solution? We all need hope. How do we receive it? The Psalmist, King David, said in Psalm 62:5, "Find rest, O my soul, in God alone; my hope comes from him." Hope is available. We must look to God alone.
At the Church of Hope we celebrate hope fulfilled in our lives, by way of a relationship with God, through Jesus Christ. Jesus said, "I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full." (John 10:10). His sacrifice on the cross was to pay the penalty of our sin, guarantee our hope of eternal life, and grant to us the right to become children of God.
We invite you to hope. Hope in Jesus Christ. Welcome to the Church of Hope.


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The equipment structures of manganese ore briquette machine are similar to the coal briquette machine, dry powder briquette machine and other briquette machine. It can be used for pressing coal powder, iron powder, coking coal, aluminite powder, scrap iron, oxide-scale, carbon powder, charcoal powder, slag, gypsum, tailings, sludge, Kaolin, activated carbon, dust coke and all kinds of powder, powder materials, waste materials, offscum scrap. Widely used in refractory, power plant, metallurgy, chemical plant, energy resource, transportation, heat supply, etc. The products which after pressed by the iron powder briquette machine are energy saving, environmental protection, convenient transportation, improve the waste using rate, has good economic benefit and social benefit.
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Solved the environmental pollution completely;
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Model: FY-520
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Laetare Sunday was celebrated with solemnity in my parish today. At both usus recentior and usus antiquior Masses, we used the new set of rose vestments made by Luzar Vestments and paid for by donations from around the world thanks to blog appeals by Damian Thompson (Holy Smoke) and Fr John Zuhlsdorf (What Does The Prayer Really Say) together with donations from parishioners and friends locally.
At our usus antiquior Mass, Dr Laurence Hemming (author of "Worship as a Revelation") was deacon and Rev John Harrison subdeacon. We had enough altar servers to field six torchbearers and a full congregation gave a model example of "full, active, conscious participation" throughout.
As ever, the bulk of the congregation was composed of parishioners and their families. Today we also had a few extra visitors who travelled to Blackfen specially.
As I have mentioned before, at the celebration of High Mass, I am very conscious of the subordination of myself as priest to the mysteries that are celebrated. It is emphatically not about "me". The formal gestures of reverence and assistance given by the Deacon and Subdeacon are so obviously meant as reverence for Christ in his mysteries that it would be a ludicrous misunderstanding to see them as directed to the priest himself.
The quintessential form of the Classical Roman Rite is the Pontifical High Mass. The High Mass with the parish priest as celebrant is the nearest that we can normally approach this form. Fr Faber was right to describe it as "the most beautiful thing this side of heaven" .


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text:
New algorithms for finding approximate frequent item sets
- First Online:
DOI: 10.1007/s00500-011-0776-2
- Cite this article as:
- Borgelt, C., Braune, C., Kötter, T. et al. Soft Comput (2012) 16: 903. doi:10.1007/s00500-011-0776-2
- Citations
- 257 Downloads
In standard frequent item set mining a transaction supports an item set only if all items in the set are present. However, in many cases this is too strict a requirement that can render it impossible to find certain relevant groups of items. By relaxing the support definition, allowing for some items of a given set to be missing from a transaction, this drawback can be amended. The resulting item sets have been called approximate, fault-tolerant or fuzzy item sets. In this paper we present two new algorithms to find such item sets: the first is an extension of item set mining based on cover similarities and computes and evaluates the subset size occurrence distribution with a scheme that is related to the Eclat algorithm. The second employs a clustering-like approach, in which the distances are derived from the item covers with distance measures for sets or binary vectors and which is initialized with a one-dimensional Sammon projection of the distance matrix. We demonstrate the benefits of our algorithms by applying them to a concept detection task on the 2008/2009 Wikipedia Selection for schools and to the neurobiological task of detecting neuron ensembles in (simulated) parallel spike trains.


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Cascade Hotel
Select your stay dates to check availability at Cascade Hotel
Cascade Hotel
About the Hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Cascade Hotel in Kathmandu, you'll be close to King's Palace and Pashupatinath Temple. This hotel is within close proximity of Narayanhiti Palace Museum and Garden of Dreams.
Make yourself at home in one of the 20 air-conditioned rooms featuring flat-screen televisions. Your room comes with a pillowtop bed. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with showers feature rainfall showerheads and designer toiletries.
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- Shower only
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Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- This property offers transfers from the airport. Guests must contact the property with arrival details before travel, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.


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8 photos
$7,500,000 280 acres Hwy 35 By Pass between Rockport and Aransas Pass, Texas, Aransas Pass, TX 78336 - Aransas County
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Hanoi Spring Hotel
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TravelPod Member ReviewsHanoi Spring Hotel
Extremely helpful staff, clean rooms, terrific breakfast. Definitely the place to stay. We stayed here in early April and returned in early May. Staff was extremely helpful in arranging train to Sapa and Halong Bay cruise when we returned. We couldn't have chosen a better place to stay.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
I was very happy with the choice due to the location, price, and nice size room. Breakfast was great and the staff were very helpful. Being able to walk to all of the very popular tourist areas was a plus.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
TripAdvisor Reviews Hanoi Spring Hotel
Travel Blogs from Hanoi
Humidity, Horns and Hawkers
... we had a great bunch of fellow travellers to share our three days with. It was a nice change of pace having the same company for three days to share our kayaking, caving, swimming and climbing experiences with.
After we got back from the spectacular Ha Long bay we headed to the Chinese Embassy to fill in the visa application and drop off our passports so the waiting game could once again continue. We soon learnt that China is not an easy country to get into, especially ...
Days 5-7, Hanoi
... taxis earlier we decided to walk back to our hotel seeing sights that just aren't seen at home.
Sound systems, photocopiers, safes, clothing…just the street layouts & shop presentations are so, well, different - & that's part of seeing new things.
After signing their journals, multiple handshakes & photos we parted ways and we crashed in our room, our air conditioned room!
We decided we'd ...
... as far as the first bar before we decided it was time for a beer. After this we jumped on a rickshaw and headed literally head first into the mayhem of motorbikes, cars and bikes that is hanoi. An hour and a half later and for just £5 we were returned to our starting point and we carried on exploring. What felt like miles later and after some amazing architecture, stunning temples and the resting place of Ho Chi Ming we ...
Hanging around Hanoi on New Years Eve
... very well travelled and were so interesting. Food in the evening was hard to come by as everywhere was closed, we found a street food place that was open but had to queue, they were doing a roaring trade and were gradually extending their business with tables and chairs round the corner and on to the road to accomodate everyone. Doesn't seem to be a party atmosphere like at home, more a family ...
Hanoi Hilton
... in state in the bowels of his mausoleum BUT Sod's law it was closed on Friday's. In fact it was only ever open between 8.00am & 11.00am so we would probably still have not got there in time anyway! With a revised itinerary we walked a mile or so to Hoa Lo Prison Museum, dubbed the 'Hanoi Hilton' by U.S. prisoners of war. Hoa Lo Prison was built by the French and held Vietnamese political prisons during the 1930's. They were treated barbarically and tortured, many ...
Other places to stay in Hanoi
Artisan Lakeview Hotel23 Hang Hanh St, Hanoi | 3 star hotelfrom $20
- Loved the place
- Very nice place with great staff.
- Great Location & Friendly Staff
Golden Palm Hotel46 Chau Long St, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $65
Hanoi Plaza Hotel26 Hang Non Str, Hanoi | 3 star hotelfrom $158
Little Hanoi Hostel48 Hang Ga Street, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $12
- 20€ die Nacht
- Staying in Hanoi? MUST STA…
- Amazing Place
Hanoi Advisor Hotel09 Ngo Gach, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $12
- Great place, amazing owner…
- Near the Old Quarter
Heart Hotel11B Hang Hanh, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $23
Joseph's Hotel5 Au Trieu St, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $32
- Gem of Hanoi
Hanoi Gate 1 Hotel10 Thanh Ha Street, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $12
Discovery II Hotel25 Hang Mam Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $10
Old Street Hotel23 Ma May Street, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $17
- Nice staff and cheap & good deals for Vietnam
- A friendly, helpful place...
- Les sakadodasies
Hanoi Phoenix 2 HotelNo. 12 Dao Duy Tu Alley, 50 Dao Duy Tu street, Hanoi | 2 star hotelfrom $15
APT EZ Holidays Hotel9A Tong Duy Tan St, Hanoi | 2 star hotelfrom $12
- Vergane glorie
Kinh Ly08 Ly Thai To Str, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $25
Hanoi Orchid Hotel49 Hang Be, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $25
Camellia Hotel 534 Lan Ong Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $11
Holiday Hotel Hanoi9 Ngo Huyen Str., Hanoi | Hotelfrom $19
Vietface Hotel14 Chan Cam Street, Hanoi | 3 star hotelfrom $33
Hanoi Corner Hotel12b Hang Manh Street, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $18
Lucky Queen Hotel21 Bat Dan Str., Hanoi | Hotelfrom $10
Royal Orchid Hotel95 Hang Chieu , Hanoi | Hotelfrom $14
Omega Hotel32 Thuoc Bac Str., Hanoi | Hotelfrom $16
Hanoi Crown Hotel120 Quan Thanh street, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $45
Golden Legend Hotel10 Chan Cam Street, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $26
Splendid Star Suite HotelNo 28 Au Trieu Street, Hanoi | 4 star hotelfrom $20
Camel City Hotel08/50 Dao Duy Tu street, Hanoi | Hotelfrom $15
- Can't fault it!


text:
Apple on track to meet 100-market target for iPhone 5 roll-out
Apple has announced the iPhone 5 will reach retail in South Korea on Dec. 7 and another 54 countries later this month.
Apple has announced the iPhone 5 will reach retail in South Korea on Dec. 7 and another 54 countries later this month.
Apple and Samsung Electronics just don't seem to be able to get along. Apple under Tim Cook has become choosier about picking its fights, but the company shows no signs of wanting to settle with Samsung as they continue to battle over smartphone and ...
Sony has developed new technology for using the small cameras in phones and tablets to check the health of users' skin.
Welcome to another installment of our weekly iPad-case roundup. As usual, this week's selection includes a slew of different offerings--enough to chase the winter blues away (maybe with the help of a cup of hot cocoa and a good e-book or two).
Apple's iPhone 5 is slated for a Dec. 14 launch in China, one of the company's biggest markets, and the company's iPad mini and fourth-generation iPad will start selling in the country a week earlier on Dec. 7.
Sony sold over 160,000 PlayStation Vitas during the opening week of the holiday shopping season in the U.S., a key test for its flagship handheld game.
Research In Motion has introduced the BlackBerry Dev Alpha C, a smartphone developers can use to test their applications and get ready for the launch of the BlackBerry 10 QWERTY device next year. The company also said developers will be able to trade...
Apple's iPhone 5 appears to have cleared the last hurdle in a series of Chinese regulatory checks, opening the way for the device to finally be sold in one of the company's largest markets.
A photo kiosk that can track user behavior using a Microsoft Kinect-like sensor and mine social data could help marketers gain valuable information about audiences at sporting events.
Microsoft plans to issue an over-the-air fix next month for a problem that has caused some Windows Phone 8 handsets to reboot themselves unexpectedly.
It's the one thing TV makers don't highlight when gushing over the colors, detail and sharpness of pictures on their new higher-than-high-def televisions: how consumers can get suitable content into their homes and then onto the screen.
Facebook is going to great lengths to encourage its staff to switch from the iPhone to Android.
Soaring iPhone 5 sales in the U.S. have helped make iOS the top smartphone operating system in the country, edging out Android, according to market research firm Kantar Worldpanel ComTech.
Since the beginning of October, Samsung has sold five million of its Galaxy Note 2 smartphone come tablet hybrid.
Now, your dog can be in the cloud.
The latest business news, reviews, features and whitepapers
Visit our shop for the best deals on hot products
Watch our video news and reviews from around the world
Comprehensive buying guides, features, and step-by-step articles
HP OfficeJet Pro 8730
A smarter way to print for busy small business owners, combining speedy printing with scanning and copying, making it easier to produce high quality documents and images at a touch of a button.
HP OfficeJet Pro 8730
I've had a multifunction printer in the office going on 10 years now. It was a neat bit of kit back in the day -- print, copy, scan, fax -- when printing over WiFi felt a bit like magic. It's seen better days though and an upgrade's well overdue. This HP OfficeJet Pro 8730 looks like it ticks all the same boxes: print, copy, scan, and fax. (Really? Does anyone fax anything any more? I guess it's good to know the facility's there, just in case.) Printing over WiFi is more-or- less standard these days.
HP OfficeJet Pro 8730
As a freelance writer who is always on the go, I like my technology to be both efficient and effective so I can do my job well. The HP OfficeJet Pro 8730 Inkjet Printer ticks all the boxes in terms of form factor, performance and user interface.
Windows 10 for Business / Dell XPS 13
I'd happily recommend this touchscreen laptop and Windows 10 as a great way to get serious work done at a desk or on the road.
Windows 10 / HP Spectre x360
Ultimately, I think the Windows 10 environment is excellent for me as it caters for so many different uses. The inclusion of the Xbox app is also great for when you need some downtime too!
Windows 10 / Lenovo Yoga 910
For me, the Xbox Play Anywhere is a great new feature as it allows you to play your current Xbox games with higher resolutions and better graphics without forking out extra cash for another copy. Although available titles are still scarce, but I'm sure it will grow in time.


text:
User talk:Jfuller
From OpenWetWare
Creating a protocol isn't straight forward. It seems to me that the only way to correctly generate a new page is by linking to one that hasn't been created yet. Therefore, here is my first protocol.
- Reshma 13:54, 16 May 2007 (EDT): Yes that's true. Or can you go into the search box, type in the name of your page. And then click the "create this page" link that comes up to create a page with that name. We're still working on figuring out the best way to teach users about how to post protocols on OWW. We'd welcome any ideas you have. Also, check out the template for writing protocols at Protocols/Template.
Thanks. It seems this needs to be spelled out somewhere, preferably in some sort of SOP. If someone was to write this SOP they should change the link titled "Add a new lab- or person-specific protocol" under the "Contributing protocols" heading on the main page. I'll try to find some time to do it, but feel free if you get to it first.


text:
A pot of thriving basil sits on a windowsill, its lush greenness reflected perfectly through a polished window. From the outside looking in, I see the pristine Italian percolator, matching coffee cups, the full glory of the nurtured home you share with my lover. You have been married for 34 years, and I have been your husband's lover for eight months. You have travelled the world together, created a home and raised a daughter together. Now in your 60s, I admire the way you attend to life's details – a thriving allotment, your job, hosting foreign students. You are engaged in it, and so, so much more. You are passionate about politics, endlessly debating the injustices of the world, over a fine Italian casserole – yes, lovingly attended to. How do I know these things? Because I am your friend, who sits across the table from you, nodding and smiling as you pour me a glass of good red wine.
I am the friend who is passionately in love with your husband. Your husband, the man who digs your car out of the snow, who picks up your prescriptions from the doctor's surgery, who does the shopping run, and who loves me passionately too. What is the stronger, 34 years of togetherness, or eight months of white hot passion. Your husband is loyal to you – a quality I love.
I wonder what you would do if you knew? I am not taking anything you want after all; you do not want to sleep with your husband. I do. And they don't call it "making love" for nothing. A tentative kiss and long years of loneliness combusted into something I had not felt in 12 years. But what is that to you? Who could, in your position, turn away from the knowledge of your husband's adultery saying: "Oh, I understand, passion is such a rarity. You have to indulge it when it arrives." What would it do to you, that an attractive woman, 15 years younger than you, is your husband's lover. What would it do to your self-confidence?
And what strength would it take from you to rant and rail at him, demand that he give me up? Would you throw him out? Is it too late to think of new beginnings in your 60s? Or am I being naive about age. Life doesn't stop after all. Your husband still has a hunger for love, tactility and sensuality. Do I mistake age as involving some stiffening of inner emotional feelings, an inability or disability to feel? But to change now, how could that ever work, and how could I ever ask that of your husband. Never. I have no rights here – you do. You have him, and I do not.
There is a poignancy to love later in life; you know its rarity and savour its exoticism, and both of us – myself and your husband – cling tenaciously to that feeling that keeps us close and connected. Oh, how proud of that I am. When we make love he is changed, luminescent, the way love makes you. Loving, light and ageless. Circumstances dictate the most unusual of meeting places, which fade to nothing in the strength of this feeling. When did you last experience that? Because if you can remember that feeling, surely you could forgive me?
I should move on. I should swallow the pain, take it and find love elsewhere. As if it were an easy thing. I am the outsider here, who should have the good grace to decline your invitation to your home. To stay away. Will I? Can I? No, I am too hungry. I am your friend, the adulteress.


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Polymeric Liquid Crystals
€ 219,49
Lieferbar innerhalb von 2-3 Tagen
Mai 2013
BeschreibungThis book originated in the Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Polymeric Liquid Crystals held by the Division of Polymer Chemistry in the framework of the 1983 Fall Meeting of the American Chemical Society. At the First Symposium in 1977, the literature in this field could be encompassed in a single volume. To day, that is no longer possible. The field of Polymeric Liquid Crystals grew, and continues to grow, at a very rapid pace. At present, we know of every major mesophase in its polymeric form and of polymeric glasses, elastomers and fluids in their liquid crystalline form. Every year, new polymeric mesophases are being discovered. The aim of this book is to go beyond a compilation of papers presented at the 1983 ACS Fall Meeting. It is conceived as a learning tool for the benefit of the sci entist interested in Polymeric Liquid Crystals. The book is divided into three sections. The first section contains articles discussing synthetic, physico chemical, structural and rheological aspects of Polymeric Liquid Crystals in their generality. A chapter on methods currently used in this field is also included. There are also chapters on theoretical and classification aspects of PLCs. These self-contained tutorial chapters provide an introduction to this field as well as to the specific papers given in the book. They provide an exhaustive cover age of literature on the subject from its inception to the present.
InhaltsverzeichnisGeneral Developments in the Field of Polymeric Liquid Crystals.
Liquid Crystalline Polymers: Phenomenological and Synthetic Aspects.
Identification of Mesophases Exhibited by Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers.
Some Physico-Chemical Aspects of Polymeric Liquid Crystals.
Conformational Properties of Macromolecules of Mesogenic Polymers in Solutions.
Molecular Theory of Mesomorphic Polymers.
Concepts in Rheological Studies of Polymeric Liquid Crystals.
Do Condis Crystals Exist?.
THERMOTROPIC SYSTEMS: Rigid and Semi-Rigid Main Chain Polyesters.
X-ray Studies of the Structure of HBA/HNA Copolyesters.
X-ray Studies of Thermotropic Aromatic Copolyesters.
Transient Shear Flow Behavior of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Copolyesters.
Preliminary Thermal and Structural Studies of Blends Based on a Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Copolyester and Poly(ethylene) Terephthalate.
Structure and Properties of Rigid and Semirigid Liquid Crystalline Polyesters.
THERMOTROPIC SYSTEMS: Flexible Main Chain Polyesters.
Structure-Property Relations in Flexible Thermotropic Mesophase Polymers: I. Phase Transitions in Polyesters Based on the Azoxybenzene Mesogen.
Liquid Crystal Polymers: 16 Polar Substituent Effects on Thermotropic Properties on Aromatic Polyesters.
Preparation and Properties of Thermotropic Polyamidoesters.
THERMOTROPIC SYSTEMS: Polymeric Liquid Crystals with Mesogenic Moieties in the Side Group.
Photoelastic Behavior of Liquid Crystalline Polymer Networks.
Structure of Nematic Side Chain Polymers.
Cholesteric Polymers with Mesogenic Side Groups.
Properties of Some Liquid Crystalline Side Chain Polymers in the Electric Field.
Some Electro-Optical Phenomena in Comb-Like Liquid Crystalline Polymeric Azomethines.
Thermo-Recording on the Liquid Crystalline Polymers.
Electro-Optic Effects in Liquid Crystal Side Chain Polymers.
LYOTROPIC SYSTEMS: Derivatives of Cellulose.
Phase Separation of Polymeric Liquid Crystals Based on Cellulose.
Liquid Crystalline Polymer Solutions and Mixtures.
Thermal Behavior of Mesomorphic Cellulose Derivatives.
LYOTROPIC SYSTEMS: Polypeptides.
Rheo-Optical Studies on the Structural Re-Formation of Nematic Liquid Crystals of Rod-Like Polymers After Cessation of Steady Flow.
The Determination of Elastic Constants in Weakly Birefringent Liquid Crystals.
LYOTROPIC SYSTEMS: Biomesogens.
Mesogenic Order-Disorder Distributions.
Untertitel: Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1985. Book. Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: Springer
Erscheinungsdatum: Mai 2013
Seitenanzahl: 468 Seiten
Format: kartoniert


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Overview page 1
Super Shield is a patented fluoropolymer space age coating designed to last many, many years without chalking, fading, cracking, peeling or allowing oxidation or discoloration or ultraviolet radiation damage of any kind to whatever it is applied to.
2 minute clip of founder-inventor describing test of his product on the Space Station:
Ipe, left unfinished, will weather to a "patina" gray color. Up until now, folks who want to preserve or enhance Ipe wood's rich, brown colors have used oil base coatings which require reapplication every 6-12 months (that's a lot of fun), or they upgraded to Sikkens which is costly, difficult to apply, and still has to be reapplied every 2 years. With both types you still have to clean the dirt, mold, mildew and algae off the finished deck. Not any more. Read why.
Super Shield applied to Ipe deck:
Super Shield will enhance and bring out the natural color of the substrate (material it is applied to) with a high gloss that makes it look wet. It enhances the natural colors and even brings back faded colors. It comes clear high gloss, semi-gloss, gloss, satin, and matte. It can be translucent tinted or solid colored. The factory will match your color sample.
Founder-inventor discusses 25 year old Super Shield coated Teak wooden handle in 90 second video:
Founder-inventor discusses Super Shield coated Ipe in 1 minute video:
Founder-inventor discusses Super Shield coated Cypress and Cedar in 1 minute video:
Think that Sikkens is the best sealer/finish for Ipe? We believed that also for years... until now. Both Super Shield and Sikkens Cetol were applied to the Disney World paddle boat "Richard Irving" as a test for durability. For the next 6 months an average of 8,000 people a day marched over this walkway. 1,500,000 people later, this photo was taken. Sikkens? Darn near gone... like a '59 Cadillac. Super Shield? Still looks new. Which product do you want on your deck?
Want something more scientific? Read the Sikkens Abrasion Test Results and then compare to the Super Shield Abrasion Test Results. Super Shield proved to be nearly twice as durable as Sikkens in abrasion testing alone.
Before you go on to the next section, you should know that my firm has the know-how to design, build and seal a deck to look like Ipe, Mahogany, Teak or Redwood for a fraction of the cost of these woods... yet give you a deck that will retain its beauty for 10, 20, perhaps 30 years. Watch this 1 minute clip that illustrates how:
Better get a cup of coffee before you read this next section. It's gonna get you very excited.
|Oil & gas industry
|Old Pressure Treated Wood Resurfaced Instead of Replaced
|MSDS (Manufacturer Safety Data Sheets) for all products (37 MB zip file)
Deck Plans
| Building Decks
| Deck Builders
| Screen Porch
| Front
Porch Designs | Porch
Designs | Ipe Decking


text:
Need a PTH Test in Coconut Creek, FL? Simply order online 24/7 and get a fast, affordable PTH Test at a lab near you (Find More Locations):
What is a PTH Test?
A PTH Test is a lab test that measures the PTH level. People in Coconut Creek, FL get a PTH Test for general screening or ongoing tracking.
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Calls for better enforcement against drivers using mobile phones
Freight Transport Association believes the government should make better use of technology to catch law breakers
THE Freight Transport Association (FTA) has said that better enforcement of the rules governing mobile phone use and driving is needed before penalties are increased.
Following a consultation with its members yesterday, the FTA has stated that authorities should use technology such as cameras to improve enforcement and gather the evidence against those caught breaking the law.
The FTA's statement follows the Department for Transport's recent announcement that it's beginning a consultation period on its plans to increase penalties for drivers caught using mobile phones. The DfT's proposed increased penalties would see HGV drivers receive six points if caught using a mobile phone while driving a HGV.
Ian Gallagher, FTA's Head of Policy South West and Wales said:
'FTA members have told us that whilst they welcome the increase in sanctions they believe there is a definite need for better enforcement against drivers using mobile phones when behind the wheel.
'We know that many already have a "zero-tolerance" approach to their drivers using a hand held mobile device in their Terms and Conditions of employment, and a single offence would mean the driver losing their job.'
The FTA's comments chime with a similar response from the Institute of Advanced Motorists, which stopped short of endorsing the DfT's plans, instead proposing that deterring people from using phones while driving could only be increased with more traffic police on the roads.
Image by Ed Poor under licence from Creative Commons.
DfT begins consultation on increased penalties for drivers using mobile phones
Police to seize mobile phones in every crash
Now police say they WON'T seize phones at every crash
Texting radar under development
Cape Town police confiscate driver's phones
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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
FIRST CHOICE HEALTH CARE, Florida United States of America
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
First Choice Healthcare takes money from my bank account automatically but I have not had health insurance for two years. SCAM.
Phone number given is disconnected. I know it was out of Florida. Do I contact the Florida BBB? The Feds?
RipoffReports.com is the reason I am filing this complaint. I saw other complaints about First Choice on this website.
Thank you.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 10/09/2009 01:12 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/first-choice-health-care/-florida-/first-choice-health-care-first-choice-healthcare-firstchoice-healthcare-sold-me-a-policy-506954. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report. READ: Foreign websites steal our content
Click Here to read other Ripoff Reports on FIRST CHOICE HEALTH CARE
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#1 General Comment
SUBMITTED: Friday, October 29, 2010POSTED: Friday, October 29, 2010
Here's their phone number -1-800-803-5166
If you need help getting affordable coverage feel free to contact me @ 800-606-1671 ext. 1009...
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
Advertisers above have met our
strict standards for business conduct.


text:
Mariah carey
A young Mariah Carey
Mariah Carey - I loved her in the 90s
Who made Mariah Carey's black leather jacket, black sandals, and black skirt that she wore in New York?
mariah carey
Mariah Carey, 1995. Photo Credit: Getty Images - Cosmopolitan.com
90's mariah is everything
mariah carey - seeing her here brings me back to the early 90's when my sister used to blare her music in the hallways of our house.
undefined More
Who made Mariah Carey's red animal print coat that she wore in New York?


text:
Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak has issued a recruitment notification for the recruitment of Teaching/Non Teaching Staff through recruitment notification – Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak Recruitment 2015 – Candidates who have completed M.Phil/Ph.D / M.Sc can apply for the new recruitment notification from Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak
Eligible candidates can apply online for the Job Teaching/Non Teaching Staff on or before 23/11/2015. Find More information about the vacancy like Age limit, Selection Process, Qualification, Application fee, How to apply etc can be found below.
Company Name : Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak
Vacancy Name : Teaching/Non Teaching Staff
Educational Qualification : M.Phil/Ph.d / M.Sc
Total No Of Vacancy : 01 Posts
Salary : NA
Job Location : Rohtak
Last Date To Apply For This Job : 23/11/2015
Address For The Job Vacancy : Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak , Rohtak .
Detail Of Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak Teaching/Non Teaching Staff Recruitment:
Teaching/Non Teaching Staff recruitment in Modern College of Education (Maharshi Dayanand University)
For B.Ed. Lect. in Edu. Teaching of Math, Eng. S.St. , Hindi, Phy. Science, Life Scis, Eco.Com.
Qualification : M.A., M.Sc. M.Ed. NET, Ph.D in Education)
Non Teaching
Clerk, Lab. Tech Accountant, Librarian
Selection Procedure For Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak – Teaching/Non Teaching Staff Post:
Candidates can apply on or before 23/11/2015
No Detailed information about the selection process is mentioned in the recruitment notification
How To Apply For Teaching/Non Teaching Staff Vacancy in Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak :
Submit your application with in 21 days in College. One copy of application to be sent to DCDC, MDU Rohlak
(Ref : epapertribuneindia Dated : 03rd November, 2015)
Important Dates To Remember:
Last Date to Apply for this job 23/11/2015


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We're excited to introduce you to our brand new site! All the great deals from DealChicken, plus more than 50,000 free coupons from 20,000 more local merchants!
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For security purposes, we require you to simply log in with your email and password to confirm this is the account we should link to Facebook.
Warning: If you click NO, but you already have an existing account (with a different email address, for example), you will end up with two different accounts.
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Massage Therapy can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, decrease headaches, increase circulation, and even improve the range of motion in your joints. Whatever your ailment, you can find relief from a licensed, professional massage therapist at A Touch of Balance Therapeutic Massage. A Touch of Balance offers Swedish, Deep Tissue, Sports, Hot Stone, and Aromatherapy Massage. Calming the mind, body, and soul is the key to finding that balance in your busy everyday life. Come in to A Touch of Balance or call for an appointment and feel the difference it will make in your life!
When new offers are available from this business.


text:
The Easylog USB Temperature Logger is capable of measuring temperatures from -35 to +80°C (-31 to 176°F). Supplied with a long-life replaceable lithium battery, the unit can log data continually for at least one year (depending on logging rate and temperature) and will store up to 16,382 readings. Protected from water and dust to IP67 standard when cap is fitted correctly. The user can program several parameters including logging rate, measurement units, high and low alarm settings and start-time. Collected data is downloaded using the supplied configuration software and can then be graphed, printed and exported to other applications.
All Easylog software and upgrades are free to download and are compatible with Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7.
This logger is compatible with the EL-DataPad and a replacement battery is also available.
* Measurement range: -35 to +80oC (-31 to +176oF)
* Internal resolution: 0.5oC (1oF)
* Accuracy: +/- 0.5oC (+/- 1oF)
* Logging rate: 10s, 1m, 5m, 30m, 1hr, 6hr, 12hr
* Operating temperature range: -35 to +80oC (-31 to +176oF)
* 3.6V lithium battery life (at 25oC and 1 minute logging rate): 1 year
The Easylog DataPad will collect and store data from at least 500 loggers
Replacement battery
For logging temperature and humidity take a look at the Easylog USB Temperature and Humidity Logger
There are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first to review this product!


text:
Picture: Gorillaz The 2010 Glastonbury Music Festival held at Worthy Farm in Pilton - Day 2 Somerset, England - 25.06.10
Animated band Gorillaz' first sell-out show in New York City was ruined this weekend (02APR06) when technical problems forced ambitious visuals to be scrapped at the last minute. The Damon Albarn project, billed as a spectacle of music and digital cartoons, left fans at Harlem's Apollo Theater disappointed, with many ruing the up-to-$70 (GBP40) entrance fee. A conciliatory explained, "We've been trying to rectify the problems, but it really is a dream come true to play the Apollo." The group have another three performances scheduled at the venue this week (ends07APR06).


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Modifed 98 Cherokee Classic - Lifted & Long Armed - SOLD
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February 26th, 2012, 07:38 PM
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Modifed 98 Cherokee Classic - Lifted & Long Armed - SOLD
*Please Note* If there is something about this you dont like price options how it was built etc., Please keep your comments to yourself. This is NOT a partout and NO TRADES of any kind are accepted!
I am selling this for a buddy. I am the only point of contact. He is very busy and left the sale up to me. This is a motivated sale, but Ill touch on that later.
1998 Cherokee Classic. 4.0, Auto, 231 with SYE, 129K miles. Cold AC, Cruise, Hot heat, Aftermarket CD with ipod/iphone control, power windows, power locks, remote start, factory keyless entry, recent alternator.
Front Suspension: 6.5 Rustys Coils, ACOS, RockKrawler 3 link with custom 4th link, SS brake lines, Rustys shocks, JKS Disconnects, Rustys Knuckle over steering, Rustys track bar bracket, Rustys track bar brace, Rustys trac bar for knuckle over steering, Fox Nitrogen charged Steering Stabilizer
Rear Suspension: 6.5 Clayton Offroad leaf springs, 1 JKS Boomerang Shackles, TNT Customs 1.5 U Bolt Eliminator kit, SS brake line, Rustys shocks.
Axles: Stock 3.55 gears and opens!! Front axle has Rustys Truss and has the upper Cs gusseted, Rustys diff guard. Rear axle has relocated shock mounts, Rustys diff guard.
Skids: Rustys front skid, Factory transfer case skid, Rustys gas tank skid, Rock Rails(currently off being refinished)
Bumpers: Unknown brand Custom bumpers. Winch mount front, Swing out Tire carrier rear that currently holds a 35 tire with ease.
Wheels/Tires: 5 15x10 Mickey Thompson Sidebiter Wheels on 5 35x12.50 Goodyear Wrangler MTRs(Kevlar) with less than 3k miles.
Misc: JKS Steering Box Brace System (Both sides), Bushwacker Fender flares, Cobra 18 wx st II cb, 4' Firestick antenna (tunable tip), Optima blue top, Garvin Winderness roof rack. Rocker panels have been professionally replaced. Action Machine front drive shaft. Flowmaster 50 series Muffler. Comes with 2 sets of Brand New In the Box Hella 500 Lights, and an extra set of axle shafts.
Issues: Common Cherokee Problems - Surface rust at the seam of each of the doors, tiny bubble above windshield on passenger side, More surface rust at the rear 1/4 windows in each lower corner, Rust on seam of tailgate - couple areas through, rust at seams around fuel door. Front Bushwackers were relocated back, so the foremost holes can be seen. Cracks in vinyl on side of drivers seat. AC Blows cold, however sometimes you have to fiddle with the switch to get it to come on may need new switch.
Jeep runs good, drives good for as big as it is, great oil pressure. This Jeep is a 3rd vehicle, but is commonly a daily driver.
Asking $5500 - No trades!
I heart Jeeps
Last edited by green50gt; February 28th, 2012 at
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