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Stating Family Values and Women's Rights: Familialism and Feminism Within the French Republic
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DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200124
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- Revillard, A. Fr Polit (2007) 5: 210. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200124
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Owing to demographic, economic and social reasons, the family has been a key element in the building of the French Republic. Familialism, here defined as the defense of the family as an institution, is therefore strongly institutionalized within the state. Even as it implied changing views on women's labor-force participation over the years, this ideology has been an important source of gender-bias in French law and public policy. For this reason, it is likely to have influenced the women's policy agencies (WPAs) that were created, starting in the 1960s, with the specific aim of promoting women's rights and interests. In this paper, I explore the paradoxical assumption, according to which women's policy, while being at odds with familialism, was also influenced by it, and I offer an explanation for this influence, by means of an analysis of the discursive and political opportunities faced by WPAs.
Keywordsstate feminism women's policy agencies France family policy gender familialism
While the French republican ideal is supposed to be grounded on individual, gender-neutral citizens, the legal framework and public policies around which the French Republic1,2 defined itself targeted not only individuals, but also families. Because of demographic, economic and social reasons, the family has been a key element in the building of the French Republic. This translated into a bifurcated political model in which ideals of equality and freedom were promoted in the public sphere, but familialism, an ideology grounded on the defense of the family as an institution, implying male dominance and gender differentiation (Commaille, 1993), was accepted as a ruling principle for the private sphere. Hence, familialism is a key vehicle of gender-bias in French law and public policy. Beyond its focus on family issues, familialism conveys a conservative view of the whole social order, with the family as its basis, headed by a male breadwinner. Feminist movements3 have challenged this view of the social order since the beginning of the 20th century. Since the 1960s, this view has faced another type of challenge, one coming from within the state, with the development of women's policy agencies (WPAs), that is, governmental bodies whose specific goal is promoting women's rights and interests. This resulted in a conflict of values between feminism and familialism within the state apparatus, revealing the state as a site of struggle rather than as a monolithic entity (Mc Bride Stetson and Mazur, 1995, 6; Migdal, 2001, 3–22). Drawing on issue-framing literature (Ferree et al., 2002; Muller, 2004, 2005), I demonstrate herein how women's policy, as defined by these agencies, is supported by a particular definition of the 'women's issue', marked by a strong focus on equal employment. I offer an explanation for this framing of the women's issue in terms of discursive and political opportunities (Kitschelt, 1986; McAdam et al., 1996; Ferree et al., 2002), linking it to the broader Republican–familialist context. My claim is that the weight of familialism in the French political context has influenced the definition of the women's issue by WPAs. Indeed, the conflict in values between familialism and feminism has resulted, in part, in a differentiation according to policy domains. The weight of familialism in family law and family policy, closing opportunities for feminist reforms in these policy domains, has pushed WPAs to define women's rights on different grounds, notably around matters pertaining to the public sphere, such as equal employment. However, over the course of time, one can draw distinctions among WPAs' attitudes toward familialism and family issues. While these varied strongly in the 1980s according to the party in power, they tend to converge, in the 1990s and 2000s, in a form of acknowledgment of family issues by means of work–family reconciliation. After describing the historical roots of state familialism, I analyze how French WPAs generally defined their policy in conflict with the familialist tradition, and I then draw a more nuanced picture of their relation to familialism.
Familialism in the Building of the French Republic
While the republican ideal is grounded on universal, gender-neutral, individualistic values, familialism — implying a more collective view, gender-differentiation, and male dominance — has played an important role in the building of the French Republic as well (Commaille and Martin, 1998; Verjus, 2002; Lenoir, 2003). There were two important stages in the integration of familialism within the Republican model: the definition of family law by French revolutionaries, and the first developments of a social policy targeting families during the Third Republic.
What is familialism?
Jacques Commaille defines familialism as the defense of the family as an institution and as implying a belief in the primacy of family affiliation over individual dynamics (Commaille, 1993). It generally concurs with a value put on the gendered division of labor and on women's subordination within the family. In France, this ideology has religious roots: initially embedded in the old-regime political use of the family metaphor, it was later promoted in the 19th century by upper-class notables linked with the Catholic Church (Verjus, 2002; Lenoir, 2003). Given the emphasis on secularism in the French Republican model, what does the latter have to do with familialism? In fact, the Church–state rivalry, underlain with a competition for social control, had a strong influence on the way family issues initially were dealt with by the French Republic, as reflected by family law and family policy.
The republican definition of family law
In 1804, the Civil Code defined the legal framing of the family following a strict model of gendered division of labor, putting married women under the authority of their husbands (Dekeuwer-Défossez, 2003). Therefore, the legal principles ruling the private sphere departed those valued by Republicans in the public sphere: a logic grounded on a family unit as opposed to individuals, subordination instead of equality, gender-differentiation as opposed to gender-neutrality.4 This dichotomist legal order, with different principles guiding the public and the private spheres, resulted from the political debates and law-making process following the Revolution. Indeed, Anne Verjus shows how members of the Convention decided to draw a distinction between the domestic and the political sphere, in order to distinguish themselves from the old-regime, conservative, assimilation between the family and the political order — with the family used as a political category and a symbol of the Monarchy (Verjus, 2002, 45–52). Therefore, even though the main features of familialism may seem to contradict republican ideals, the very choice of separating the legal framing of the private sphere — seen as natural and not political — from that of the public sphere, departs from the old-regime assimilation of the political order and the family, and in that sense is a key assertion of republicanism.
Family policy
Familialism later developed in social policy during the Third Republic (Accampo et al., 1995), with the enactment of 'protective' labor laws at the turn of the 20th century and the generalization of family allowances in the 1930s. Here again, the rivalry for social control between the Church and the state provided a strong impetus for the development of what Rémi Lenoir labels 'state familialism', a form of defending family interests that he distinguishes from 'Church familialism', in the sense that it is based on science rather than on religious values and puts forward family protection by means of different types of social provisions through a 'bureaucratic management' of families.5 This form of state intervention in family life, even though it distinguished itself, ideologically, from Church familialism, was still guided by a familialist ideology, in the sense that it promoted the family as an institution and targeted 'the family' as a unit, as opposed to individuals.
This form of state intervention aimed at families has implied changing views on women's labor-force participation throughout the 20th century (Revillard, 2006). While the 'protective' labor laws enacted at the turn of the century took the employment of working-class mothers for granted (Jenson, 1986), the family policy that gradually emerged as a distinct public-policy domain between the 1930s and 1960s, with its peak in the aftermath of WWII, defined itself on the basis of promoting a male-breadwinner model, with tax incentives and allowances that intended to maintain women as care providers at home and encouraged families of at least three children (Commaille and Martin, 1998; Martin, 1998). This model was also the basis of the social-security system that was established in 1945, which created a broad system of derived entitlement (Commaille et al., 2002, 72).
Since the mid-1960s, familialist discourse and family policy have adapted to the increase in women's labor-force participation, accepting it as long as it was secondary to the fulfillment of family duties. This is reflected in the promotion of part-time employment and paid parental leaves (such as the Allocation parentale d'éducation (APE), created in 1985) (Jenson and Sineau, 2001). Beyond these changing views in terms of acceptance of women's labor-force participation, familialism has remained a consistent ideology in that it promotes the family as an institution at the basis of social organization and insists on women's family duties.
The defense of family interests is strongly institutionalized, within and without the state apparatus, with the Department of Justice in charge of family law, the Caisse nationale des allocations familiales (CNAF) in charge of family allowances and the powerful Union nationale des associations familiales (UNAF), which represents family associations at the national level (Minonzio and Vallat, 2006; Heinen, 2004, 291–292). Not only is the family movement much stronger than the feminist movement, but with the UNAF it also has a channel of representation within the state that has no equivalent on the side of the feminist movement. In the family-policy subsystem, the UNAF has a legal monopoly of representation, which entails a mobilization of bias and closes all opportunities of access for other social actors, such as the feminist movement (Schattschneider, 1960; Bachrach and Baratz, 1970; Kitschelt, 1986; Mazur and McBride, 2006, 224–227).6
Bringing Feminism Within the Republican Model
Since the 1960s, governmental bodies have been created in France with the specific aim of improving women's 'condition' or women's 'rights', under the responsibility of ministers or secretaries of state especially appointed for this task. While their policy tends to put them at odds with state familialism, the way that they have framed the 'women's issue' can be explained also by their complex relationship with familialism, as well as by the broader Republican context.
The creation and development of WPAs
Amy Mazur and Dorothy McBride Stetson nominally define WPAs as 'any structure that meets both of the following criteria: (1) an agency/governmental body formally established by government statute or decree; and (2) an agency/governmental body formally charged with furthering women's status and rights and promoting sex-based equality' (Mazur and McBride, 2006, 215–216).
The impulse for the creation of the first WPA in France (1965), an advisory committee on women's labor called the Comité du travail féminin (CTF), came from right-wing senator and women's rights advocate Marcelle Devaud who, following a visit to the United States Women's bureau in 1952, convinced a group of women's organizations that she had cofounded, the Comité international de liaison des associations féminines (CILAF), to lobby in favor of the creation of a similar structure in France (Revillard, 2007).7 The CTF was the only WPA until 1974, when the newly elected president, Valery Giscard d'Estaing, appointed Françoise Giroud Secretary of state for women's condition (Secrétaire d'Etat à la condition feminine). Although it did not result from direct pressure from women's groups, this appointment took place within a context marked by the development of the second-wave feminist movement, and the preparation of the UN's International Women's Year (1975). Other WPAs followed, as summed up in the table below.8
Women's policy agency (executive branch) in France, 1974–2007
Time range
Name (area of concern)
Head of the department
Person in-charge
Secretary of State
Women's condition
Prime Minister
Françoise Giroud
Women's condition
Prime Minister
Nicole Pasquier
Until January 1978, then Jacqueline Nonon
Secretary of State
Women's employment
Nicole Pasquier
Delegate Minister
Women's condition
Prime Minister
Monique Pelletier
Delegate Minister
Family and Women's condition
Prime Minister
Monique Pelletier
Delegate Minister
Woman's rights
Prime Minister
Yvette Roudy
Woman's rights
(no head of the department)
Yvette Roudy
Women's condition
Prime Minister
Hélène Gisserot
Secretary of State
Women's rights
Prime Minister
Michèle André
Secretary of State
Women's rights and daily life
Véronique Neiertz
Secretary of State
Women's rights and consumption
Economy and Finance
Véronique Neiertz
Women's rights are part of the minister's assignments, but don't appear in the name of the minister
Social affairs, health and city affairs
Simone Veil
Women's rights are part of the minister's assignments, but don't appear in the name of the minister
Intergenerational solidarity
Colette Codaccioni
Delegate Minister
Women's rights are part of the minister's assignments, but don't appear in the name of the minister
Anne-Marie Couderc
Women's rights
Prime Minister
Geneviève Fraisse
Secretary of State
Women's rights and job training
Employment and solidarity
Nicole Péry
Delegate Minister
Parity and equal employment
Social affairs, labor and solidarity
Nicole Ameline
Delegate Minister
Social cohesion and parity
Employment, social cohesion and housing
Catherine Vautrin
Women's policy, at odds with familialism… but influenced by it?
The main blueprint documents produced by WPAs
GIROUD, FRANÇOISE. (1976). Projet pour les femmes: 1976–1981. Secrétariat d'Etat à la condition féminine, Paris.
MINISTÈRE DES DROITS DE LA FEMME. (1982). Les Femmes en France dans une société d'inégalités, Paris: La Documentation Française.
GISSEROT, HÉLÈNE. (1988). Condition féminine (politique d'Hélène Gisserot, janvier 1988).
ANDRÉ, MICHÈLE. (1988). Programme d'action du gouvernement en faveur des femmes (jeudi 27 octobre 1988).
NEIERTZ, VÉRONIQUE. (1992). '8 mars 1992: neuf mesures pour les femmes'. Droits des femmes, n. 32, p. 1–7.
CODACCIONI, COLETTE. (1995). Conférence de presse du jeudi 1er juin 1995 (création du ministère de la solidarité entre les générations).
COUDERC, ANNE-MARIE. (1996). 'Communication au conseil des ministres du 6 mars 1996.'
PÉRY, NICOLE. (1999). Une volonté gouvernementale — Une politique active de l'égalité femmes/hommes, 25 actions (présentée en Conseil des ministres).
SECRÉTARIAT D'ETAT AUX DROITS DES FEMMES ET À LA FORMATION PROFESSIONNELLE et MINISTÈRE DE L'EMPLOI ET DE LA SOLIDARITÉ. (2000). L'égalité en marche. Paris.
PÉRY, NICOLE. (2002). Actions en faveur de l'égalité entre les femmes et les hommes — Communication en Conseil des ministres de Madame Nicole Péry le 6 mars 2002.
MINISTÈRE DÉLÉGUÉ À LA PARITÉ ET À L'ÉGALITÉ PROFESSIONNELLE. (2004). La charte de l'égalité.
My focus on the cognitive dimension of women's policy does not imply that 'ideas' determine public policymaking, as opposed to interests or institutions (Palier and Surel, 2005). Rather, I am using the referential as a 'clue', a handle with which to grasp the sense of women's policy (Muller, 2005). In compliance with this perspective, I will not focus solely on discourse, but also on more concrete elements, among them, budget allocation and the way in which administrative bureaus are organized, since these also may reveal priorities of action and underlying conceptions of what is at stake in women's lives according to WPAs.
Based on the blueprint documents produced by WPAs, it initially appears that their definition of the women's issue has taken the form of inventories of topics: the women's issue has been divided into sub-questions such as equal employment, job training, violence, birth control and abortion, social rights, or political and social participation. However, beyond this logic of inventory, a common feminist referential can be identified, one that finds itself at odds with the familialist tradition. Indeed, all of these interventions are guided by a promotion of women's rights as individuals, by a questioning of gender subordination, of the gendered division of labor, and of women's assignment to the private sphere, more generally speaking. As such, they stand in opposition to familialism.
Among these fields of intervention, the professional sphere always has played a prominent role. This is well reflected by the founding works on 'state feminism' in France, which focus on equal employment policy (Lévy, 1988; Mazur, 1995). Employment issues already were the main concern of the first WPAs. For example, it was, logically, at the heart of the work done by members of the Comité du travail féminin. The Committee, in its discussions and its reports, strongly linked inequalities in employment to an inadequacy of job training — an analysis of inequalities that has endured since then (Revillard, 2007). Employment was also a key issue in Françoise Giroud's Projet pours les femmes, where 41 of 102 recommendations dealt with the professional sphere (Giroud, 1976).
When Mitterrand was elected president in 1981, he appointed Yvette Roudy as Minister of Woman's Rights (Ministre des droits de la femme). Egalité professionnelle was at the core of Roudy's policy, resulting in the 1983 equal employment law (Jenson and Sineau, 1995; Mazur, 1995; Thébaud, 2001). The emphasis laid on equal employment by minister Roudy then had a long-lasting influence on women's policy, by means of its impact on the structuring of the Service des Droits des Femmes whose foundations were laid at that time (1984). Indeed, the two main bureaus within this administrative body initially were defined as the 'equal employment and job training' bureau (emploi, formation et égalité professionnelle), and the 'individual rights' bureau (droits propres), corresponding to the way Yvette Roudy designed the two main axes of her policy: everything related to equal employment on the one hand, and the remainder on the other. This dual structuring of the Service des droits des femmes has persisted since then, with subsequent decrees regarding the service following in 1990 and 2000 (1990, 2000). Beyond this duality, interviews with people working in the administration suggest a hierarchy between the two bureaus, with the égalité professionnelle bureau holding the superior position. For example, when I asked a former head of the 'individual rights' bureau about the content of the bureau's activities, she answered that it was 'everything that was not equal employment'. The weight of the administration in women's policy has initiated a path dependency (Pierson, 2004) and ensured the remaining centrality of equal employment issues in women's policy, as attested to by the blueprints defined by subsequent WPAs.
Finally, two dominant traits can be stressed in the way the women's issue is defined by WPAs in France: first, interventions focus primarily on the workplace; and second, they are, for the most part, conducted in the name of equality. Or at least, equality is the most valued principle, as opposed to principles such as 'dignity' or 'individual rights' that guide interventions in other fields than the professional sphere. These two traits can be explained partly by both the republican context and by the prevalence of familialism. Of course, promoting equal employment is a common feature of women's policy in other countries as well (McBride Stetson and Mazur, 1995); it is not specific to French WPAs. However, the insistence on equality and the concentration of intervention on the professional sphere take on a particular meaning within the French republican–familialist context. One can link the prevalence of equality as a guiding principle to the strength of equality as a republican ideal. Indeed, the Republican discursive opportunity structure (Ferree et al., 2002) welcomes references to equality. While conducting a policy aimed at a specific group might be hard to legitimize within the universalistic, republican context, using equality — a core republican ideal — as a guiding principle of intervention, might help legitimize women's policy. In light of an analysis of women's policy in its relation with the republican context, one can assume that equality is the cognitive frame by means of which women's policy integrated itself within the Republic.
In turn, the concentration of interventions in the professional sphere can be explained in reaction to familialism. Indeed, while matters pertaining to the private sphere were strongly invested by the familialist tradition, WPAs defined their policy on other grounds, mainly in the public sphere. When WPAs invested the private sphere, it was by means of different issues than those invested by familialism, primarily reproductive rights and the fight against domestic violence, which were key targets of mobilization for the second-wave feminist movement. Certainly this represented a serious challenge to familialism, shedding light on power relations within the private sphere, and on women's right to have control over their bodies. However, the more traditional domains of familialism, for example, tax legislation and family policy, were never at the forefront of WPAs' agenda. Beyond the fact that these issues were not strongly put forward by the feminist movement, this can be explained by the structure of discursive and political opportunities that WPAs have been facing (McAdam et al., 1996). While family issues were strongly invested by a familialist discourse, WPAs chose to develop their feminist discourse on other grounds. Moreover, WPAs rightfully perceived few opportunities for reform in the family policy subsystem; hence the focus on the professional sphere. This influence of discursive and political opportunities appears even more clearly if we put the French case in comparative perspective. For example, in Quebec, women's interests were already strongly represented within the state (by means of a Council on Women's Status and a Secretary on Women's Condition) when the government decided to define a family policy at the beginning of the 1980s. This institutional strength enabled femocrats to perceive opportunities of influence on the family policy subsystem that was in the making. Moreover, they were pressed to exert such influence by a strong women's movement for which family issues were an important concern (Revillard, 2004). Therefore, WPAs in Quebec indeed became an important actor in the family policy subsystem, unlike what happened in France (Dandurand and Kempeneers, 2002).
WPAs Facing the Familialist Tradition: A More Nuanced Account
While employment issues always have been their core concern, French WPAs have actually endorsed a diversity of attitudes toward familialism over the years. In the 1980s, these varied according to the party in power. In the 1990s and 2000s, the distinction along party lines tends to fade, leaving a more uniform acknowledgment of family-related concerns, restricted, however, to work–family reconciliation.
Gender and the family as partisan issues in the 1980s
Party lines strongly shaped femocrats' attitudes toward familialism in the 1980s, as shown by the experiences of ministers and delegate Monique Pelletier, Yvette Roudy and Hélène Gisserot, whose mandates encompassed the years 1978 and 1988.
It enabled me to be more feminist, because I was simultaneously in charge of the family. […] There is a very high number of family organizations, so I had a sort of weight… It was no longer a small thing advancing on a corner. It was something that represented… all ministers' care about family issues. In terms of votes, it is very important. So I was better perceived, because I represented strength, roots, but at the same time the marching wing of feminism.12
This assertion must, of course, be analyzed within its context: Monique Pelletier is all the more prone to introduce her concern with family issues as a feminist strategy because I interviewed her about her action in favor of women. However, her justification reveals that she conceives the defense of women's rights and the promotion of family values as compatible goals (Robinson, 2001, 94).
[…] every time the feminist claim comes up, each times one talks about rights for women, the champions of the patriarchal ideology feel threatened. So they intervene, and they are powerful, because they have strong organizations. It is the familialist trend, champion of the patriarchal ideology.13
The contrast between Pelletier's and Roudy's accounts of the family movement is quite revealing of their different views regarding the compatibility between the promotion of women's rights and the defense of family values. Indeed, while Pelletier described family organizations as an asset whose support helped her augment her capacity for action in favor of women, Roudy depicts the family movement as 'patriarchal' and as an obstacle in the promotion of women's rights. This perception partly explains why she locates women's rights, for the most part, out of the family, as described earlier with her strong focus on equal employment.
However, the definition of women's policy in reaction against familialism is not the only reason for this avoidance of family issues. Closed political opportunities for reform in the family policy subsystem also play a role in this choice. Indeed, Roudy and her counselors initially had ambitions of reform in several policy domains that are traditional strongholds of familialism, such as tax legislation, family law and retirement policy. For example, the Ministry of Woman's Rights initially promoted individual taxation, as well as the inclusion, within family law, of a provision that would allow women to transmit their last name to their children. Endeavors in these respects failed systematically, mainly due to opposition from the ministers in charge of finance and justice. Therefore, Roudy soon perceived that political opportunities were closed, and reform efforts in these fields were abandoned. As a result, as Jane Jenson and Mariette Sineau show, this is the time when the sharpest conflict arose between state familialism and state feminism.14 Indeed, while Yvette Roudy defined equal employment as the key issue for women, family issues, and notably work–family reconciliation issues, were dealt with by family secretary of state Georgina Dufoix in a rather conservative way (Jenson and Sineau, 1995, 239–257).
While the promotion of women's status and role in society requires the preservation of their personal dignity and the quest for equal employment, it should not exclude their role within the family. Women are now ubiquitous (doublement présentes), in the production apparatus as within the family. They are at the pivot of these two fundamental structures, of which they are one of the regulating elements. The future of our society, with all the challenges it implies, largely depends on the way they can fulfill this double mission (Gisserot, 1987).
As we will see, this focus on reconciliation continues during the following years. Yet Gisserot combines it with the mobilization of more traditional familialist rhetoric, speaking of mères de famille. But because it is combined with an insistence on women's rights, this promotion of mères de famille does not have the same connotation here as it does for familialists. Here, as was the case with Pelletier, the familialist rhetoric seems to play a strategic role in improving WPAs' legitimacy under a right-wing government.
'Reconciling' women's rights and family policy?
The influence of party politics on the handling of family issues by WPAs somewhat decreases in the 1990s, a fact that can notably be linked to the extension of the definition of equal employment policy to work–family reconciliation.
Admittedly, until 1995, right-wing governments were still more inclined to link women to the family and to promote family values as being in keeping with the defense of women's interests. This was the case with Simone Veil (1993–1995) and Colette Codaccioni (1995), who were in charge of women's rights as well as family issues. However, Anne-Marie Couderc was in charge of women's rights as the delegate minister for employment (1995–1997), and Nicole Ameline (2002–2005) and Catherine Vautrin (2005–2007) are not in charge of family issues.
Moreover, left-wing women's policy departs from the silence on family issues that was characteristic of the Roudy years: Michèle André, Véronique Neiertz, Geneviève Fraisse and Nicole Péry define work–family reconciliation as an important issue for women's rights. For example, in 1989 Michèle André organized a conference on 'Women's Work and Family Strategies in the EEC', that aimed at defining priorities for the third European program on equal opportunities (1991–1995). 'Reconciling the family and occupational responsibilities of women and men' indeed became one of the objectives of the program as defined in 1991.16 Throughout the 1990s, work–family reconciliation was one of the main focuses of study of the French equal employment council (Conseil supérieur de l'égalité professionnelle), under the lead of a taskforce created in 1988 to investigate 'firm management and family responsibilities'. When Nicole Péry presented her actions in favor of gender equality to the cabinet in a meeting of 6 March 2002, she delineated 'promoting equal employment and the "management of the times of life" (articulation des temps de vie)' as her first goal (Péry, 2002).
This fading of the political cleavage regarding the way femocrats handle family issues was confirmed when the Right came back to power in 2002: the 'management of the times of life' is one of the five axes of Nicole Ameline's 2004 'Equality Charter', and the 'reconciliation (articulation) between professional activity, personal life, and family life' is contained in title II of the March 2006 equal pay law.
Therefore, by means of work–family reconciliation, family issues are now more consistently taken into account by WPAs, in so far as they relate to equal employment. While the means to equal employment initially focused on job training, they now include work–family reconciliation. Even though family policy itself is still marked by party politics, the way WPAs handle family issues, by means of work–family reconciliation, has tended to bridge political splits. How can this apparent consensus be explained? The feminist movement, which focused all its energy in the struggle for political 'parity' since the beginning of the 1990s (Bereni, 2007), has had little influence on these issues. Rather, the impetus to the linking of work–family reconciliation with equal employment policy came from the changing definition of equal opportunities at the European level (Hantrais and Letablier, 1996, 116–135; Hantrais, 2000, 113–139; Letablier, 2002, 64; Jacquot, 2006). Therefore, for WPAs, family issues were all the easier to integrate into women's policy because they were linked to the WPAs' main goal: equal employment.
But this trend toward work–family reconciliation was encouraged also by French as well as by European employment policy. In France, employment policy encourages the hiring of child-care givers by parents as well as the development of 'family services', which, while being a means of work–family reconciliation for some women, also represent low-paid, part-time jobs for others who occupy them (Lallement, 2000, 89–91; Commaille et al., 2002). At the European level, work–family reconciliation is seen as a way to increase women's employment, which is a key goal of the European Employment Strategy. Therefore, European reconciliation policy stands at the crossroads between equal opportunities policy and employment policy, two policies whose goals, while converging on the idea of reconciliation, are different: equal employment on the one hand; a mode flexible labor force on the other (Stratigaki, 2004; Thévenon, 2004; Jönsson and Perrier, 2007). Yet this new concern with work–family reconciliation within employment policy provided WPAs with a strong discursive opportunity to focus on reconciliation, since the frame resonance (Snow et al., 1986, 477) with employment policy increases the potential impact of WPA's discourse.
As Amy Mazur stresses, la République is a surprising mix of gender-bias and gender-blindness (Mazur, 2001, 161). Within the republican model, the mixed fates of familialism — welcome in spite of its gender-bias — and feminism — pressed to prove its universalism — provide a good illustration of this phenomenon. By means of cooptation and/or struggle, both familialism and feminism have developed within the state apparatus in relation to components of the republican ideal. Indeed, state familialism, in a republican–secularist manner, defined itself in reaction to Church familialism. WPAs have used the equalitarian frame to integrate itself within the Republic, in spite of a lack of legitimacy in a political context where policies aimed at specific groups are perceived as being at odds with the ideal of universalism. Moreover, WPAs defined their policy in opposition to familialist values, and this translated into the centrality of equal employment in their activities. A more nuanced account shows that femocrats' attitudes toward familialism have varied according to political cleavages. Today, family issues are more uniformly integrated into women's policy, but only in so far as they relate to employment issues (via work–family reconciliation). To be sure, WPAs target more directly gender-based power relations within the private sphere as well, by means of the improvement of reproductive rights and the fight against violence against women. However, some key strongholds of familialism, for example, family policy (including family allowances, tax provisions for families and extending to the family-based tax system in general) and family law, even though these have undergone major changes in the past few years, have never been high on WPAs' agenda. Therefore, the coexistence of feminism and familialism within the state apparatus still tends to resolve in a differentiation between public-policy domains, between family policy and equal employment policy, eventually resulting in 'contradictory injunctions' for women (Commaille, 2001).
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2006 APSA Meeting. I wish to thank Amy Mazur for her support and her very insightful comments. The title of this article is inspired by David Meyer's 'Restating the woman question' (Meyer, 2003).
The term 'Republic' is used here both in its common sense of a political regime (that originally dates back to the French Revolution), and as a set of values that form the 'republican ideal', that is, equality, freedom, universalism and secularism. While these values can be characterized as stable components of this ideal, their salience varies across time. Hence the republican ideal is not immutable in its content: for example, this paper addresses familialism and feminism in relation with the republican ideal. Moreover, the Republic also refers to a set of institutions, legal frameworks and public policies (notably, in our case, those that target the family and gender relations) in so far as they relate to the Republican ideal.
Feminist movements will be broadly defined here as movements devoted to 'improving the status of women as a group and undermining patterns of gender hierarchy' (Mc Bride Stetson and Mazur, 1995, 16).
Even as women were deprived of the right to vote, citizens were designated in a gender-neutral way. At its origin, the republican model was conceived as universalistic.
Kimberly Morgan also shows the role of the state–Church rivalry in the development of preschool education (Morgan, 2002).
The same has been noticed in other policy subsystems in France, such as job training, with the prevalence of management and organized labor (Mazur, 2001, 159).
Marcelle Devaud then became president of the CTF. Her trajectory, like several others in WPAs, challenges the state/movement dichotomy (Banaszak, 2005).
For a detailed analysis of French women's policy agencies, see Mazur (2000).
By 'femocrats', I refer to people working in WPAs, be it at the political level or within the administration.
I consulted the archives of French women's policy agencies in two locations: at the Service des droits des femmes and at the national archives, Centre des Archives Contemporaines, in Fontainebleau.
As part of my dissertation, I have conducted 30 interviews with people formerly or currently working in WPAs.
Interview with Monique Pelletier, 22 November 2005. All translations are by the author.
Interview with Yvette Roudy, 28 September 2005.
I use the expression 'state feminism' to refer to WPAs' activities (McBride Stetson and Mazur, 1995, 1–2).
Unlike Monique Pelletier and Yvette Roudy, Hélène Gisserot did not belong to a political party, but was a senior civil servant, working for the Cour des Comptes.


text:
Kolkata, Sep 25 (UNI) The South Eastern Railway has decided to run another 20 special trains towards different directions from Howrah to clear rush of passengers during the ensuing festive season.
This is in addition to 66 special trains already announced, which would run during the festive season on different nominated days during the period from September 26 to December 1.
The Howrah-Vasco(Goa)-Howrah Special-0847 HWH-Vasco-Howrah Special train leaving Howrah at 2330 hrs on September 26 (Friday) would arrive at Vasco(Goa) at 1450 hrs on Sunday (September 28.) While returning the 0848 Vasco(Goa)-Howrah Special train leaving Vasco(Goa) at 0720 hrs on September 29 (Monday) would arrive at Howrah at 2225 hrs on Tuesday (September 30). The Special trains would run as per the timings and stoppages of 8047/8048 Howrah-Vasco-Howrah Amravati Express.
Howrah-Hyderabad-Howrah Special-eight special trains would run between Howrah-Hyderabad-Howrah on different nominated days during the period from October 1 to 10. The special train (0745) leaving Howrah at 1640 hrs woul arrive at Hyderabad at 2020 hrs the next day. In the opposite direction the special train (0746) leaving Hyderabad at 2300 hrs would arrive at Howrah at 0325 hrs the third day.
Howrah-Puri-Howrah Special-10 additional Special trains would run between Howrah-Puri-Howrah on different nominated days during the period from September 28 to October 27. The Special train (0895) leaving Howrah at 2055 hrs on every Monday would arrive at Puri at 0550 hrs the next day.
In the return direction the special train (0896) leaving Puri at 2200 hrs on every Sunday would arrive at Howrah at 0705 hrs the next day.
Booking of reservation would be made available from all computerised reservation counters.

subset: commoncrawl


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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - June 26, 2003, New Braunfels, Texas Thursday, June 26, 2003 — Herald-Zeitung — Page 3A Obituaries BAETGE Oscar Baetge, of New Braunfels, Texas, passed away Monday, June 23, 2003, at Kirkwood Manor in New Braunfels. A graveside service will be at IO a.m. Thursday, June 26, JUSTICES/From 1A 2003, at Guadalupe Valley Memorial Park. In lieu of flowers, memorials may be given to Hope Hospice or to the charity of one's choice. Doeppenschmidt Funeral Home TURNER Margaret Germond Turner, age 91, of New Braunfels, passed away Wednesday, June 25, 2003, at the Alterra Sterling House. A memorial service will be at IO a.m. Saturday, June 28, 2003, at the Doeppenschmidt Funeral Home, with the Rev. Harold Sassman officiating. Doeppenschmidt Funeral Home GOMEZ Funeral arrangements are complete at Zoeller Funeral Home for Manuel Gomez Jr., age 65 years, who passed away Sunday, June 22, 2003, at the Northeast Methodist Hospital in San Antonio, Thous. Mr. Gomez is survived by his wife, Audilia Gomez; sons, Michael Robert Gomez and Richard Manuel Gomez and his wife, Bridgett; daughter, Diana Jean Gomez Wiest and her husband, David; grandchildren, Ryan Gomez, Krystal Alba, Matthew C. Alba, Daniel L. Alba, Joseph M. Alba, Karrina A. Gomez; and brothers, Daniel P. Gomez and Augustine Gomez. Visitation will began at 6 p.m. Wednesday at Zoeller Funeral Home and will continue until 9:30 a.m. frhurs-day. A procession will depart the funeral home at 9:30 a.m. TTiursday for a IO a.m. Mass at Sts. Peter and Paul Catholic Church. Interment will follow in the Guadalupe Valley Memorial Park. Zoeller Funeral Home HORSEMAN Katherine Horseman, of San Antonio. Texas, passed away Tuesday, June 24, 2003, in San Antonio at the age of 83. Visitation will begin at 6 p.m. Thursday, June 26,2003, with the family present to receive friends from 6 to 8 p.m. at Zoeller Funeral Home. Funeral services will be at 2 p.m. Friday, June 27, 2003, at Zoeller Funeral Home, with burial to follow in Guadalupe Valley Memorial Park. Zoeller Funeral Home SCOTT Jefferson "Jeff' Scott, of New Braunfels, passed away Monday, June 23, 2003, at McKenna Memorial Hospital at the age of 32. Visitation began at noon Wednesday, June 25, 2003, at Zoeller Funeral Home and continues until 11:30 a.m. Thursday. A rosary was recited Wednesday at 6 p.m. at Zoeller Funeral Home. Funeral services will be at 2 p.m. Thursday, June 26, 2003, at Tree of Life Church, with a private family graveside service to follow in Comal Cemetery. Zoeller Funeral Home PUGH Funeral arrangements are complete at Zoeller Funeral Home for Mildred Pugh, age 91 years, who passed away Monday at Deer Creek Nursing Center in Wimberley, Texas. Visitation will be from 5 to 9 p.m. Thursday at Zoeller Funeral Home. Graveside services will be at IO a.m. Friday, June 27, 2003, at the Wimberley City Cemetery. Zoeller Funeral Home "I do it to try to ease the workload as best I can," he said. The judge made it clear Tuesday he is not happy with the letter he characterized as an "ultimatum." It sets an August deadline for the county to begin paying the justices for weekend duties and outlines the terms under which the justices would continue to perform magistrates. It includes no stated threat to quit, though. "If the court approves any kind of cost-of-living allowance in the budget cycle, they will certainly be included. However, its not the practice of this court to make exceptions for someone because they think they're working too hard," Scheel said. The letter mentions that the county now pays a magistrate to work weekdays in the jail and states it is unfair not to pay the JPs tx) work weekends. It is the second such letter Scheel has received. The county has sought leg islation to create a jail magistrate's position because of concerns Schroeder and Campos expressed in January. They said the job had grown to the point it interfered with their regular duties. They asked for a raise of $5,OCX) a year "for magistrate, because they felt it was not part of their duty," Scheel said. "We went to the Legisla ture and relieved them of the [magistrationj duties so they could handle regular business," he said. "My opinion is that anyone who runs for public office does so on a voluntary basis Anytime they feel that their worth is more Subscribe! Call 625-9144 GOLF/From 1A chair. The board also discussed ideas to increase play during the summer. 'The younger guys — the heat doesn't bother them as much as the older guys," Morrison said. The board members discussed bringing in a sponsor to offer free sports drinks to players during hot summer days and offering discounts for daytime play. The board is t lying to get a newsletter printed that will list events and schedules. It is also considering ways to diversify advertising. It is also considering obligating junior golfers associated with local schools to host tournaments at the municipal golf course. "We haven't set anything in stone," Sassenhagen said. "We're thinking of new ideas." w t# rn « fit £ I (ti £ w B CX (ft 0 1 § I •f; s I o S sty (ft It: OMAS is) HAUS RESTAURANTS BAKERY FRESH & DELICIOUS! THATS LUNCH OR DINNER AT 0MA S HAUS If FISH is your dish, Try the grilled salmon Or fried Talapia (like trout) It's always FRESH, never frozen New CowParade Releases Have Arrived! f OMA'S HAUS RESTAURANT A BAKERY A family favorite for more than 25 years! Just Oft 1-35 (Exit 189), East (right) on Hwy 46 in New Braunfels Open Everyday for Lunch & Dinner u si** Summer ShowcaseArts CraftsJune 28 & 29New Braunfels' Civic Center Thousands of Hand Crafted, Unique, Quality gift selections! Sat. & Sun. 10-5 Admission: 13 & Over $3.00; 12 Si Under FREE Admission Valid for Weekend! than the job pays, it's certainly their option to seek other employment which they feel will adequately compensate them," Scheel said. Campos said the issue is more complex. She claims the code of criminal procedure sets out which public officials are magistrates. Included are district and county court judges and other officials. "As I took my judicial training, gradually I realized that, no, it wasn't solely the duty of the justice of the peace. I wasn't any more responsible to magistrate than the district judge or the county court-at-law judge," Campos said. When she took office in 1995, Campos said she and another JP did most magis-trations. They were paid $2,000 a year. Some days, her services wouldn't be needled at fill. On a husy day, she might see two or three prisoners. Gradually, t he job has grown to be a daily task — particularly in the wake of Senate Bill 7, which guarantees prisoners a speedy hearing before a judge. "My colleagues are sometimes seeing 20 to 30 people a day," Campos said. Beginning in January, she said, Scheel cut the $2,OOO compensation from t he budget. "At that time, I said it's not solely the JPs' responsibility to do this duty, number one; and, number two, I don't feel we should do this without being compensated. If we're not going to be paid, everyone else needs to come on board and share in this responsibility." MI I lift 0 1 rn I 0 1 ID '•I o ut w, $ 0 1 ut w, I O A rockin' time K. JESSIE SLATEN/Herald-Zeitung Surrounded by ages-old rocks at Rocks, Etc., Ofelia Espinoza shops for something unique for her son. We've got studies! Volunteers ages 4 and up may qualify for a study to test consumer satisfaction of a new delivery device tor a marketed medication. Qualified participants could earn up to $350. 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text:
The SkyTeam Cargo alliance, which consists of 12 different carriers, has launched an upgraded version of its online track and trace tool whereby customers can track their shipments across the combined network by entering the airway bill number on the website's home page.
The centralized IT system shared by all of the participating carriers displays the most recent status of each shipment for both cargo and passenger operations.
"By enabling members' individual IT systems to communicate, SkyLink is facilitating freight forwarding for our customers throughout 175 countries," said Eric Hartmann, vice president SkyTeam Cargo.
The tool can be used by customers of all 12 SkyTeam Cargo members which include Aeroflot, Aerolineas Cargo, AeroMéxico Cargo, Air France Cargo, Alitalia Cargo, China Airlines, China Cargo Airlines, Czech Airlines Cargo, Delta Cargo, KLM Cargo and Korean Air Cargo.
Get more air cargo insights at the 2015 Cargo Facts Symposium, Oct. 26-28 in Miami. Click here for details.Like This Post


text:
By KURTIS LARSON
Vancouver's dream of becoming the third different club in three years to hoist the Nutrilite Canadian Cup came to an end Wednesday night at Saputo Stadium drawing Montreal in the tournament's fifth game. A surprisingly inspired Impact side came from a goal down in the second half to level the score at 1-1 and send Toronto FC to their second consecutive CONCACAF tournament.
Vancouver's Ansu Toure scored what would have set up an intriguing final match between TFC and the Whitecaps in the 50th minute after receiving a re-directed ball from the top of the box, but the Impact battled back to level thirty minutes from time when a Philippe Billy half volley beat Jay Nolly to the bottom right corner.
Needing six points from their last two cup games, the Whitecaps drew with the Impact for the third consecutive time this year.
"We had an opportunity to finish this off and we had a lead and were playing very well," Caps' coach Teitur Thordarson said shaking his head. "I was unhappy with giving up that goal. It was a mistake because we didn't cover."
"The match was very important for Vancouver so we wanted to ensure fair play," said Montreal coach Marc Dos Santos, whose team was criticized last year for playing a reserve side on the final day of the tournament. "We experienced a difficult first half, but we came back stronger after the half."
A game controlled in large part by the visitors, Montreal did employ time wasting tactics after equalizing that displayed the intensity of the rivalry between the two Canadian teams. Montreal stand-in keeper Srdjan Djekanovic was issued a caution in the 73rd minute for time wasting and the Impact were happy with holding the ball at the corner flag as the game inched closer to full time.
"The team's goal was not to lose at home (again) in front of our fans," goal scorer Philipe Billy said following the game. "There's currently a good spirit within the team."
The draw sends TFC into the CONCACAF preliminary round to face Motagua of Honduras in a home and away series at the end of July. The winner of that two-leg series will be drawn into group A with MLS side Real Salt Lake and Panama's Arabe Unido along with either Cruz Azul or San Francisco (Panama).
Club News
Edmonton FC - Announced a friendly against the Montreal Impact to be played in Edmonton on June 16. Edmonton will also face various PDL sides throughout the summer before ending with a friendly against Miami FC in late August. Earlier in the week Edmonton released a provisional roster of 21 players that will train together throughout the summer months in preparation for entry into USSF-2 next year.
Vancouver Whitecaps – Bowed out of the the Canadian Cup after playing to a 1-1 draw in Montreal. They now head to Rochester for the second game of a three-game trip through the east. The Caps will look to make it two straight over the Rhinos after defeating Rochester 2-0 last week in B.C. Vancouver then travel to BMO Field for a meaningless sixth and final Canadian Cup match against TFC. It's rumored that Toronto has petitioned the NCAA to allow their academy players to compete on the tournament's final day. Vancouver currently hold top spot in the NASL Conference with Montreal and Crystal Palace Baltimore just one and two points back.
Montreal Impact – Drew Italian side Fiorentina 1-1 last Sunday before playing to a scrappy 1-1 draw at home against Vancouver in Canadian Cup action. They play host to Carolina this Sunday before hosting Italian giants AC Milan at Montreal's Olympic Stadium Wednesday. The Impact remain just a point back in the NASL Conference heading into Sunday's game with the RailHawks.
Toronto FC – Crowned Canadian champions Wednesday and are in preparation to head west once again for a date with the surging San Jose Earthquakes. TFC had success in San Jose last year stealing a full three points on the road but this is a very different Quakes side that is coming off a shocking 1-0 win in Seattle. A win for TFC will see them jump above New York for second place in the east while a win for San Jose will see them solidify their name at the top of the west. TFC return to BMO next Wednesday for a final Canadian Cup match against Vancouver before facing the Kansas City Wizards next weekend.
National Team News
The Canadian national team will look to be more competitive with Venezuela Saturday in Merida. Coming off a 5-0 thrashing against Argentina, the Canadians should have an easier time against a team that finished eighth out of 10 teams during South American qualifying. However, as in Argentina, Canada will be without six to eight regular starters meaning a draw in Venezuela would suit head coach Stephen Hart just fine.
During the Argentina broadcast the Canadian Soccer Association announced that Canada will take on Peru at BMO Field on Sept. 4. Peru finished last among South American teams during this World Cup cycle. The home game may allow as many as four Toronto FC players to take part in the game with Dwayne De Rosario, Julian De Guzman, Nana Attakora and Adrian Cann all receiving recent call-ups over the last year.
Finally, new world rankings place Canada fifth among CONCACAF nations and 63rd in the world. A big gap has opened between fourth and fifth with Canada sitting on 516 points and Costa Rica with 710 points. Here's how the CONCACAF rankings break down: USA (957), Mexico (895), Honduras (734), Costa Rica (710), Canada (516), El Salvador (452), Panama (434), Jamaica (399), Haiti (362), T&T (353).
ned flanders
>team was criticized last year for playing a >reserve side on the final day of the tournament.
Interesting how they also had reserve squad out their this time but no one whined because it was 1-1/
Montreal's top two forwards were absent because of red cards so they used a 37yr old who barely saw the field this year as striker.
No captain and defensive anchor, no midfield general or the new midfielder they brought from Portugues D2 and a subsitute keeper.
This reminds me of when Mick Mccarthy was blamed for using a weaker squad but no one complained when he did it before or aftewards.
PLEASE stop using Canadian Champions.
They won nothing but a dinky little 3 team series. You have to have a league to be a champion.
How many teams do you think could win the baseball world series (you know that fake one they have int eh offseason) without a league?
Any chance of a nation ever winning ice hockey gold without having a pro league in their country?
SERIOUSLY, tell me one sport where you can actually do well internationally without having a league in that sport.
But were supposed to just sit by and pretend that the canadian way has a chance in hell of succeeding?
Are we too polite to point out that its never been done in any sport?
At some point you have to let go off the training wheels and go at it alone.
You can be our soccer Puerto Rico if you want but dont expect us to call a canadian team champion of a non-existen league.
If they aren't Canadian Cup champions then what are they? Is there any doubt TFC is the best team in Canada? Geez dude..settle down…You must be a Vancouver fan…bitter about the last two competitions….
And that was not a reserve side…Far from it actually….
Anyone know why Edmonton FC doesn't participate in the Nutrilite Cup?
Kevin Smith
Edmonton FC doesn't really have a team yet. They start play next year, and will likely take part
Kevin Smith
Well, Canada won't win the World Cup until global warming makes Canada, Greenland, Scandinavia and Siberia the only places that humans can survive, so it's not really about that.
It is, however, about becoming competitive. The thing is, it's hard to make a league in this country. Lets say we made a league at USL-1 level. It would have maybe 7 teams. Vancouver, Montreal and Toronto are locks. Edmonton and Ottawa likely possibilies. After that, it's really tough to say.
Amateur soccer is really popular here, but pro soccer is not. It doesn't have the small town calling that things like curling and the CFL do, so it'll really only work in bigger metropolitan areas. And there aren't many of those in Canada, plus they're pretty spread out.
Travelling from Boston to Los Angeles may be farther than Montreal-Vancouver, but there's many potential stops along the way. There are not so many in Canada.
This is a step in the right direction, and maybe someday we will have enough successful teams to have a league (though even if we had a USL-1 type league, Toronto would still want to be in MLS. They're the same with the NFL afterall). But you have to start somewhere, and having 3 MLS teams is infinitely better than 5 or 6 years ago.
They will be in the Nutrilite next year and it should make it a better tournament. It will most likely be in a playoff system with 1 playing 4 and 2 playing 3
maybe something like Edmonton v Toronto plays winner of Montreal v Vancouver…
First games will be two-leg followed by a final which will be one game played at the highest seed…
Love Canada Corner.
No offense intended, but why would Argentina play Canada before the World Cup? What benefit is that to Argentina?
It makes somewhat sense for an Argentine squad that struggled through qualifying. It was an opportunity to let them build confidence and knock the ball around. They will play better competition in the coming weeks. This game at home with Maradona at the helm made a bit of sense. They don't want to lose heading in to the cup.
Myles B
All the big nations pay the minnows before a big tournie. It's just to build confidence mostly, and maybe work on tactics.
not only was the post super long, but so are the commments… must be a Canadian thing… eh!
The CSA routinely underperforms when you look at the talent they have available. Just for a moment consider how the team may have performed with a roster that looked more like this:
Stalteri –McKenna —Klukowski —De Jong
——-De Guzman
——–De Ro
—-Friend —-Ornoch
Subs- Peters, Johnson, Hastings, Occean, Wagenaar, Haber
Loads of talent, not well used.
Scotland has only two teams competing for the title every year and the winners are considered Champions of the country and that isn't even a real country. So give Canada a break. The only reason for the Nutrilite tournament is to have a representative for a regional tournament. It sounds nice to call them the Champions of Canada when you put them in the CONCACAF Champions League. "The team from Canada that won a 3 team tournament to qualify" just doesn't have the same ring to it.
Isaac in Tampa
And you totally forgot DeRosario who might be the best Canadian in the world.
Isaac in Tampa
nvmd i see it now.


text:
This cheery corner restaurant has a bright-red exterior, with large windows overlooking Second Avenue. The cuisine reflects the German, French and Swiss influences of France's Alsace region, with a menu that includes cheese fondues and regional specialties such as short-rib sauerbraten (German-style pot roast) and oxtail-stuffed maultaschen (pasta squares) in a light broth.
|Venue name:
|Heartbreak Restaurant (CLOSED)
29 E 2nd St
New York
|Cross street:
|at Second Ave
|Opening hours:
|Mon–Thu 5pm–1am, Fri 5pm–2am, Sat 11am–2am, Sun 11am–1am
|Subway: F to Lower East Side–Second Ave
|Average main course: $20. AmEx, MC, V
|Do you own this business?
To improve this listing email: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Upcoming TBS Shows
People of Earth
Journalist Wyatt Jones is skeptical when he investigates a support group for oddballs who think they have been abducted by aliens -- yet the more he learns, the more confused, intrigued, and seduced he becomes.
After a plane crashes on a remote island, two best friends, and a diverse group of survivors cope with dangerous threats (many of which they cause). The two best friends, Danny and Owen, have a chance to redeem their mediocre lives by becoming leaders of this new society.
Angie Tribeca
The single-camera comedy focuses on an eccentric but brilliant group of LAPD detectives who investigate crime, reveal way too much personal information and refuse to rest until justice has been served…sort of. Rashida Jones plays Angie Tribeca, a lone wolf who's capable, committed, strong and not thrilled when her boss (Jere Burns) tells her she has to work with a partner (Hayes Macarthur).
Search Party
Search Party is a dark comedy about four self-absorbed twenty-somethings who become entangled in an ominous mystery when a former college acquaintance suddenly disappears.
Jake & Amir
Amir Blumenfeld and Jake Hurwitz (better known as Jake & Amir) are the subjects of this odd-couple comedy about two best friends and co-workers: Jake, the sensible "regular guy," and Amir, the obsessive oddball. Together they must navigate the cubicles of their workplace, stand up to the corporate man and try to function with their dysfunctional co-workers, all while maintaining their shenanigans. Based on the most popular and longest-running web series in the history of College Humor, this comedy is being executive-produced by Ed Helms.


text:
Welcome / open talk
9 years
Huge Solar Flare Could Disrupt Communications
"An unusual solar flare observed by a NASA space observatory on Tuesday could cause some disruptions to satellite communications and power on Earth over the next day or so, officials said."
"A geomagnetic storm could cause some disruption in power grids, satellites that operate global positioning systems and other devices, and may lead to some rerouting of flights over the polar regions".
10 years
Cuckoos tagged with GPS trackers
Scientists from the British Trust for Ornithology are planning to attach tiny satellite trackers to cuckoos to study their migration patterns.
7 years
Open Office
Just wondering; how many of you guys (and gals) use Open Office instead of Excel or Notepad when using POI files. I just recently learned of Open Office and was wondering if it was any good at this sort of thing.
10 years
Contributors of the Week 2011-05-30
This week we are recognizing Abeebe and Charlesd45.
Abeebe has been working hard all week on updating his old files. Great job!!! We love having you back in the forums, thanks for stopping in and saying hi. Don't stay away for so long next time.
Charlesd45 has also been busy updating all of his files. We will all be ready for vacations now, great job!!!
Miss POI
10 years
Chit Chat Thread for the week of June 6th, 2011
This is the place to talk about things that are not gps related.
Have fun...
This thread will be closed on Monday and a new one will be opened.
MaryAnn Melby AKA Miss POI
6 years
This is new to me and never happened to me before.
Last week I was going for 3 days training in Cleveland.
I enter the destination and it show on my gps that was 28 miles away.
On the way to go it give me one direction to follow, But on the way back it give me a different route to come back Home.
3 times I went and 3 times it give me the same direction.
6 years
Proposed network of towers and satellites may shut down GPS devices.
By Ashley Halsey III for the Washington Post, Published June 4, 2011
Two of 21st-century America's favorite gadgets — the smartphone and the GPS device — are on a collision course, according to a report delivered Friday to the Federal Aviation Administration.
10 years
Travel Plans involving routes near the MO River
To those who are making plans for travel on roads near and around the Missouri River...
Be prepared to detour due to flooding - and a long-term flood event.
Consult with state DOT web sites for road closures along your planned routes, and be prepared to change plans.
7 years
How to recover files accidently deleted
Recent pleas from new members asking for help in recovering files accidentally deleted reminded me that we should create a link to be used when members ask for help.
6 years
have no idea what im doing!
Is there somewhere like POI for dummies cause I'm just not completely getting what this is all about
9 years
Red Light camera going bye bye in S.Florida
Just heard on a NBC Miami - City of Hialeah council members just voted the cameras out, contract will not be renewed.
9 years
For my Brother and Sister Vets
From a Ret. Navy Ch. to all my brother and sister vets. Both her and now as well as those in the past like me. I thank you.
For all of those who gave there lives for this grate country. I thank you and pray for you.
We Americans would not be were we are today if it were not for you.
Robert F. Jolley I.E. jolleyr NAVY E-7 RET
7 years
Eight Grand will get you an accurate GPS
Measure the continental drift if you like.
The Northwest is really leading the nation in this right now," said Melbourne, a geology professor at Central Washington University in Ellensburg, where PANGA is based.
10 years
Amazon's new electronics trade in program
10 years
Contributors of the Week 2011-05-23
This week we are recognizing Nats50!!!
This member worked really hard last week on his existing files and new ones.
Great Job and enjoy your week in the spotlight. You deserve it!!!
Miss POI
10 years
Chit Chat Thread for the week of May 30th, 2011
This is the place to talk about things that are not gps related.
Have fun...
This thread will be closed on Monday and a new one will be opened.
MaryAnn Melby AKA Miss POI
9 years
Pilot Flying J Guide
I just got this link from another forum and thought it might help with the POI for Pilot/Flying J. questiongs.
http://www.pilotfly ingj.com/ rv-home
10 years
To all the Vets, those that came back and most of all to those that did not
Thank you all, and to those that are here with us may you have peace and contentment for the rest of your lives. My you enjoy family and friends.
To the families of those that did not come back, my you have serenity and inner calm knowing that your loved one gave their life for all of us to live free.
10 years
Nikon users (GPS Adapter)
I just got this email from Adorama for Nikon users. Unfortunately my D80 isn't on the list.
10 years
Black Box in your car? The government is NOT your friend
What's next ?


text:
AUT has a comprehensive research infrastructure, with a centralised Research and Innovation Office and the commercialisation arm AUT Enterprises Limited, as well as research leadership within each faculty.
Direct spending on research is approximately $23 million per year. This supports a range of research activity - from specific research projects to student scholarships, faculty research allocations and a Strategic Research Investment Fund.
Last updated: 20-Sep-2016 4.42pm
The information on this page was correct at time of publication. For a comprehensive overview of AUT qualifications, please refer to the Academic Calendar.


text:
EUR/USD Daily Review 21 Jul 10
Simultaneous Release at
TheGeekKnows.com – Learn Forex Trading and view EUR/USD Reviews.
ay forex traders. Good day forex traders.
Today is mid week and it is time to do a status check ! Are you green or not ?
Remember, slow and steady wins the race
Yesterday, we noted risk aversion as there were a number of negative developments in the markets. Firstly, housing starts in the US fell more than expected. Big name companies like Goldman and IBM posted lower than expected revenues. With the Euro Zone bank stress test results due on Friday, further apprehension was noted.
Looking at the EUR/USD chart above, a 20 +/- hours of battle against the strong support of 1.2880 finally concluded with a victory to the bears.
The S&P 500 is currently at 1080+. It is fluctuating as a mix of good and bad earnings reports is being released.
Oil is currently at $77+.
Gold increases in value and is now trading at $1192+. As gold is a popular investment during times of certainty, increasing demand may indicate risk aversion.
Today is rather light on data releases and it is reflected on the EUR/USD chart with the small range of trading for most of the day.
Having said so, the price seems to be shifting south ( Stronger US dollar ). This may be due to risk aversion as investors continue to speculate with regards to the release of the Euro Zone bank stress tests.
Fed Chairman Bernanke is due to testify later on and hence be careful of spikes.
Tomorrow brings a number of economic releases including the US unemployment claims.
From a technical point of view, a break of 1.28 may be more downside pressure for the currency pair.
Ok i am off to find Ms Sleep. I need more rest. Take care and trade safely !!
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On the eve of an important City Council vote that could determine the future of Galveston Island's West End, several preservationist groups have filed a federal lawsuit against the Army Corp of Engineers. As Houston Public Radio's Jack Williams reports, the suit seeks to force the Corp to stop granting development permits until it knows more about the environmental impact of new projects.
The lawsuit filed in Galveston Federal Court is specifically aimed at stopping a proposed development on the West End called Anchor Bay, but would in the process encompass all future West End development, including a huge residential project planned by Chicago-based Marquette Land Investments. Galveston Beach to Bay Preserve is one of three plaintiffs in the lawsuit. Bill Broussard is the group's director.
"This is a suit that is requesting that the Corps of Engineers be held to account and could set a precedent nationally so that we have a much more responsible ecological development and the impact of a storm like Katrina and the responsibility of the Corps to see that it isn't that severe could be significantly changed nationally before we're through."
The suit alleges the Army Corp of Engineers has been overworked and hasn't had the time to do an adequate environmental impact study on the West End. Jim Blackburn is the environmental attorney who filed the lawsuit.
"I don't think the Corps is sloppy. I think that the Corp has failed to correctly analyze these impacts as is required by federal law. Cumulative impacts is a very hard issue. We have a different legal interpretation than the Corps does and that's why we're going to court, to get the judiciary to resolve that."
The issue is a very personal one for residents on the Island's West End who don't want to see what they consider precious wetlands and wildlife preserves surrounded by dense residential developments. Beach to Bay Preserve President Dr. Alice Anne O'Donell says it's easy to take for granted.
"Everybody that drives out there drives off the end of the Seawall and gets to 8 Mile Road. Well here's this incredible three miles of pasture and cattle and they've been seeing that for 100 years. What they don't know is if the development continues, they'll see another little city out there."
Tomorrow, Galveston City Council will vote on whether to grant rezoning requests by Marquette Land Investments, a pivotal decision that carries with it a host of political implications and possibly the future of development on the West End. This is Galveston Mayor Lyda Ann Thomas.
"Galveston is small, so a Marquette development, which will be our first 1,100-acre, master-planned development, is something very new to Galveston. It's very challenging. Passions run high on a myriad of subjects, and certainly when it comes to the environment."
Representatives with Marquette Land Investments were not available for comment. Previously, the developer has said if the city turns down its rezoning requests, it would consider selling the land in parcels. Galveston Beach to Bay officials and other groups say they're ready to buy the land if it goes on the market again.


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Our website here at FDAP is now 13 years old. In human years, that's approximately 1,950 years old. Please complete a survey, the results of which we will use to steer the updating of the FDAP website.
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FDAP Celebrates 30th Anniversary
Earlier this month, FDAP celebrated its 30th anniversary. Read more about this inspiring evening here.


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Marlo Furniture - Stainsafe15450 Baltimore Ave, Laurel MD Laurel, Maryland U.S.A.
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Jeans - Tamil Movie
Star Cast: Prashanth, Aishwarya Rai, Lakshmi, Nasser, Raju Sundaram, S.V.Sekhar, Senthil, Radhika, Geetha
Music: A.R.Rahman
Direction: Shankar
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Language: Tamil
Prashanth and Nasser play dual roles in this film. Viswanathan or Visu (Prashanth) and Ramamurthy or Ramu (Prashanth) are the twin sons of Nasser and the three of them manage an Indian restaurant in Los Angeles. Nasser doesn't encourage even a hint of a difference between his sons and makes sure the two even dress alike. Aishwarya Rai and her grandmother Lakshmi arrive in Los Angeles for an operation for Lakshmi and during their stay, romance blooms between Visu and Aishwarya. When Nasser declares that he would marry his sons to twin girls only, Lakshmi fibs that Aishwarya too is one of a pair of twins. When Nasser and his sons travel to India to meet the other girl, Aishwarya begins to pose as Vaishnavi, the second twin. How the love pair come out of this tangle is the rest of the story.
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text: Fans of the Daily Mail's resident astrologer, Jonathan Cainer, will have to look elsewhere for guidance from the stars today. Owing to an unfortunate production error, none of Cainer's predictions have made it into today's paper. Instead, Cainer fans are treated to a fascinating insight into the world of subediting. Aries: "This is a swathe of dummy text that can be used to indicate how many words fit a particular space." Cancer: "The paragraphs have been made deliberately different lengths in order to avoid repetition." Libra: "There is no pretend Latin because, annoyingly, it wreaks havoc with spell check." Pisces: "It's extremely boring if you should actually bother to read it." Which, it would appear, someone on the Mail didn't. We bet Cainer didn't see this one coming. One thing's for sure – someone's seeing stars. The Mail's editor, Paul Dacre, is a Scorpio. Expect a sting in this tale.


text: It's a rare breed of suit that feels appropriate for both the office and a rock club, but Duncan Quinn's stylish, slim-fitting creations feel classic and rakish at the same time. In this hip NoLIta outpost manned by an ultra-competent staff, Quinn also serves up all the necessary accessories, including shiny silver cufflinks and silk ties. More recently the designer has dabbled in sportswear, with the debut of a brightly colored croquet shirt line.


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I am finally ready to present my new set of fineart textures, that I called
You get 25 high resolution textures for
€ 23.90 / app. US$ 30
Application Examples
In past couple of days / weeks I ws busy creating and testing these textures. If you were a visitor to one of my social media galleries you might have come across the one or the other picture I processed with these.
Anyway here are some picture examples:
|Bring on the Night
|Tidal Flats Abstraction
|before nightfall
|the boy on the beach
|papaver somniferum
If you have any questions or suggestion please leave a comment!


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Entries in 'dreamhack' (8)
DreamHack Masters Las Vegas announced, features $450,000 prize pool
DreamHack has announced the return of its Masters competition, this time taking the event to Las Vegas.
The new eSports Integrity Coalition aims to end match fixing and doping
Earlier today the eSports Integrity Coalition was announced, which aims to end match fixing, doping and cheating in general in the eSports world.
Bud Light to sponsor top eSports stars
Bud Light is set to sponsor a group of eSports players across a number of games.
Streaming platform Hitbox partners with ESL, DreamHack and Wargaming
eSports streaming platform Hitbox has announced new partnerships to secure content from ESL, DreamHack and Wargaming.
DreamHack Bucharest shifts focus to CS:GO with September's $100,000 tournament
The latest announcement for DreamHack's ZOWIE Open series of tournaments in Bucharest confirms CS:GO is the headline tournament.
DreamHack announces $250,000 Masters tournament series
DreamHack have announced two $250,000 Counter-Strike: Global Offensive tournaments for 2016 under the name DreamHack Masters.
MTG acquires DreamHack, adding to controlling share of ESL
Modern Times Group has completed the acquisition of Swedish eSports and events organiser DreamHack four months after buying a 74% share in ESL's parent company.
DreamHack brings $40,000 eSports Open to London in September
DreamHack, the originally Swedish LAN party that has evolved into a premiere stop on the eSports calendar, is coming to London's Copper Box in September.


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- 1[transitive, often passive] intrigue somebody it intrigues somebody that… to make someone very interested so that they want to know more about something The idea intrigued her. You've really intrigued me—tell me more!
- 2[intransitive] intrigue (with somebody) (against somebody) (formal) to secretly plan with other people to harm someone
NAmE//ɪnˈtriɡ//Verb Forms present simple I / you / we / they intrigue
he / she / it intrigues
past simple intrigued
-ing form intriguing
Check pronunciation: intrigue


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Looking at Google Maps, it is plain to see that PS 125 in Brownsville has been abandoned for quite some time. When did the oldest school in the neighborhood close, and why? This researcher started this blog assuming that these would be easy questions to answer. It turns out there is no clear answer to either one.
From its creation in 1900, PS 125 was ill-equipped to handle the influx of Jewish, mostly Russian and Polish, immigrants streaming over the newly opened Williamsburg Bridge from the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Four new schools opened in Brownsville between 1905 and 1912, yet this did little to alleviate overcrowding. According to a Brooklyn Daily Eagle article, PS 125 was renovated in 1917 to include 38 classrooms, 13 of which were "activities" rooms dedicated to classes in drama, workshop, science, cooking, drawing, and other special skills.
PS 125 in 1908, seven years after it opened
A booming population combined with the politics of racial segregation paralyzed progress at the school. PS 125 emerged as a predominantly Black school between 1933 and 1940, when Black children went from being one-third to two-thirds of the student population. From 1940 to 1950 the Black population in Brownsville doubled due to a flood of migrants, mostly from the South. In response, the heavy-handed City Planner of New York, Robert Moses, initiated construction of the Brownsville Housing Projects, which increased the population density of the area. To this day, Brownsville has the highest density of NYCHA-owned buildings in New York City.
Schools in Brownsville were so jam-packed that many students never had access to a full day of schooling. By the 1950s, PS 125 had an enrollment of 767 students (30% over capacity). Around this time, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle reported that the waitlists for schools in the area were so long that some parents stopped signing their kids up for school entirely. PS 125, like other overburdened schools, operated in shifts. This made life hectic for parents with more than one school-age child trying to coordinate childcare and meals.
Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 1950
While Black schools were utterly congested, the white schools in the borough were nowhere near capacity. According to Brownsville, Brooklyn: Blacks, Jews, and the Changing Face of the Ghetto, a "1955 government report found that almost all elementary schools in predominantly Black neighborhoods were full or exceeding capacity, while 80,000 seats were vacant in predominantly white schools. The school board refused to enroll Black students in schools located in white neighborhoods, choosing instead to move students amongst overcrowded schools."
The reality of racial segregation in Brooklyn appears most starkly in the New York City Planning Commission's Plan for New York City. It shows the "Utilization and Enrollment" at Brownsville schools from 1967-68. At PS 125, there were zero "White" students, 83 "Puerto Rican" students and 375 "Negro" students enrolled. Overall, students of color made up 97.6% of all students in the Ocean Hill-Brownsville district at that time.
New York City Planning Commission's Play for New York City (3) Brooklyn, 1969PS 125's statistics are displayed in the second row from the top
Racial tensions began to heat up further in the 1960s, as Black parents lead protests for more community control over school policies and practices. By 1968, the school had likely started the decentralization pilot program with a cluster of other schools in the Ocean Hill-Brownsville school district, as mentioned in the New York Times. This new program was designed to give predominantly Black neighborhoods more control and influence over how their schools were run.
These are the last bits of evidence regarding PS 125 and its existence. This researcher has checked public databases and called people at the Department of Education, Department of Buildings, Brownsville Heritage House, Brownsville Community Board, a real estate company that works with the building's current owners, the President of the Brownsville Business Improvement District, and a friend who works at an architecture company, but have yet to find an official closing date for PS 125. (I'm thinking we should post a reward for such information, as it seems absolutely crazy that there is no known record of a public school's closing.) This researcher even took to Twitter to ask Brownsville born-and-raised artist Elaine Del Valle (@brownsvillebred) about the school, where her father worked as a janitor, but she wasn't sure. She thought maybe 1981, but didn't know the reason behind the closure.
"Brooklyn Tomorrow," 1964
Notice on the above map from 1964 that PS 125 is not even listed as an "existing" building where it would be located in the northwest corner of "Brownsville Housing." Perhaps it was already abandoned by this point, rendered structurally deficient, regardless of teachers' strikes or overcrowded classrooms. One can see that the residents of Brownsville had hopes of creating an "Educational Park" between Watkins Street and Rockaway Ave at Livonia Ave, surrounded by middle-income housing, though this dream never came to fruition.
Whatever the story of PS 125's closing, it remains a mystery! One thing is for sure, the journey to that non-answer provides an intriguing history of Brownsville's intense political past.
If you're interested in reading more about Brooklyn's schools and the fascinating stories behind them, check out these other Brooklynology blogs: The Mermen of Brownsville, Borough Park's P.S. 131, a trove of school history, Brooklyn Schools: A Look at Ephemera and More, We Don't Need No Education and stay tuned for our third blog this month on school history to be posted next week.
Also, don't be a stranger! Come visit the Brooklyn Collection and check out our current exhibition on "The Education of Kings" which will be up through February 13, 2015.
If you're interested in reading more about Brooklyn's schools and the fascinating stories behind them, check out these other Brooklynology blogs: The Mermen of Brownsville, Borough Park's P.S. 131, a trove of school history, Brooklyn Schools: A Look at Ephemera and More, We Don't Need No Education and stay tuned for our third blog this month on school history to be posted next week.
Also, don't be a stranger! Come visit the Brooklyn Collection and check out our current exhibition on "The Education of Kings" which will be up through February 13, 2015.
Come visit us at the Central Library in Grand Army Plaza!


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by: Embedded Micro • 103
All Android applications categories
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by: Embedded Micro • 103
NOTE: The game is now free, but the online portion has been disabled.
Wormhole is a fast paced arcade style shooter similar to games such as Geometry Wars.
Battle waves of enemies that travel through wormholes who's only goal is to kill you. Each wave is hand crafted to pose a unique challenge though combinations of enemies. Play your hardest and unlock medals and new ships to use to get you further through the wormhole.
Show your skills off to the world on the online leader board!
Challenge your friends in real time multiplayer! The enemies you destroy travel though the wormhole onto your opponent's screen. The last one to standing wins. Who has the quickest thumbs?
Wormhole now supports gamepads, like Xbox 360 or PS3 controllers, for Android 3.1+ devices!
If you have any issues please contact us and we will do our best to help resolve them.
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New Delhi, Nov. 11 : Taking a jibe at Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Congress general secretary Digvijay Singh today asked whether RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat would pay heed to the comments made by BJP veterans post the debacle in Bihar as he has lost his faith in the former.
"Will Mohan Bhagwat ji pay attention to the views put forward by the BJP's Margdarshak mandal? He has lost hoped from Modi ji," he tweeted.
The BJP has defended its leadership from the attack by party veterans over the crushing defeat in Bihar. In a statement last night, the BJP said the healthy precedent of collective responsibility for poll victories and defeats was set by Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani.
The statement issued by three Union Ministers Rajnath Singh, Venkaiah Naidu and Nitin Gadkari said the party will certainly welcome any guidance and suggestion from senior leaders.
The statement came shortly after Advani, Murli Manohar Joshi, Yashwant Sinha and Shanta Kumar issued a joint statement saying Bihar results show that no lesson has been learnt from the fiasco in Delhi Assembly elections.
The BJP veterans said the principal reason for the defeat in Bihar is the way the party has been emasculated in the last one year. They also targeted party leadership for saying that everyone is responsible for party's defeat.
The BJP, which entered the political battle field in Bihar pitching its developmental agenda, could only win 53 seats.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and BJP chief Amit Shah, the party's star campaigners, failed to work their magic on the voters in Bihar.
The Mahagathbandhan or Grand Alliance comprising of the Janata Dal (United), Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and Congress won 178 seats in the 243-member house even as the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won just 58 seats.
The RJD was on top with over 80 percent strike rate, followed by about 70 percent of the JD (U) and the Congress' 65 percent.
The winning percentage of the BJP, which put up a worst show in the state in 10 years, was about 33 percent.
The people of Bihar imposed their faith in Nitish Kumar yet again, giving him fifth innings as the Chief Minister.
In the 2010 assembly polls, the BJP had won 91 out of 102 seats it contested with a strike rate of nearly 90 percent. (ANI)


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[Male Name] [Last Name] is the son of two post-famous villains. After their long villainous reign, they were finally taken down by the pro-hero Eraserhead and put in prison. Their actions have placed a large impact on [Male Name]'s life. He's been shunned for his familial background and already deemed as a villain himself by the public.
However, [Male Name] is determined to prove everyone who'd ever doubted or looked down on him wrong.
By becoming a hero.
[Official Planned Release Date: September 1, 2016]
RamenChick Aug 10, 2016
Can I ask if you have a schedule planned for this story? I love this story and how you've portrayed him, reader, as a he is rather than as some sort of shy, sweet guy.


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Why are so many people drawn to wildness, and wild places? Is it some inner dissatisfaction with our own nature as humans, some unspoken, hardly acknowledged guilt that there is a dark side to us as a species, and that what we touch rarely turns to gold? For by wild, we tend to mean places unhandled by us, free from our malign influence, and the less touched they are, the wilder we perceive them to be and the more we admire them; few now share the credo of classical gardeners that nature is there to be improved upon.
But what is it that we are looking for, in the shrinking number of wild places, if and when we can find them? Unspoiled beauty, certainly, and the bliss of solitude, and peace; but I have a sense that there is something more, a hunger or a longing, and perhaps that is to do with the quite astonishing fecundity of the natural world in its natural – that is, pre-human – state: the Garden of Eden, teeming with life, from which we were cast out.
Eden's a powerful fable. But as a myth it's only a few thousand years old, and I think the longing for nature in its pristine state is much older. Remember, we have been computer operators for a single generation, and workers in offices for about three; but we were farmers for 400 generations, and before that we were hunter-gatherers for perhaps 20,000.
In the course of all those millennia, where we lived as one with the natural world, so much about it seems to have infused itself into our genes, from our liking for panoramic views to our fear of snakes; maybe, deep in our tissues, there is a memory too of a world where life was abounding, with great herds of animals roaming the plains and endless shoals of fishes crowding the seas, most of which, of course, we have destroyed.
There are not many places where you can get a sense of this, in Britain at least, but one of them, I found three weeks ago visiting with my children, is St Kilda, the remotest part of the British Isles, the small archipelago of four islands more than 40 miles out into the Atlantic from the Hebrides.
Despite its isolation. St Kilda was occupied for centuries by a community of about 100 who lived mainly on seabirds, gannets, fulmars and puffins, which they harvested by scaling the precipitous sea cliffs. It was always a tough life and in the early part of the 20th century, as the attractions of modern living began to draw the community's young people away, it got too tough; in 1930, the remaining 36 inhabitants asked to be taken off, and were resettled in mainland Scotland.
The melancholy of this story has captured imaginations ever since and is a principal reason why people return to see the remains of the settlement at Village Bay on Hirta, the largest island, with its "main street" of abandoned houses now lovingly looked after by the National Trust for Scotland; to gaze on the relics of the village on the edge of the world.
But there is another reason to go to St Kilda, and that is its wildness, for despite the remnants of its community, despite even the small military base, it is a place which in essence feels untouched. You sense that, sailing around all the islands, Hirta, Dun and Soay, astonishingly green in their deep blue sea, but most of all at Boreray, four miles out, home to the biggest gannet colony in the world: perhaps 100,000 of the great white birds are in the air above you, jostling, calling, diving, being harassed by skuas, while below there are cliffs full of guillemots and razorbills and rafts of puffins on the water.
Here is the profusion of life that our distant ancestors knew, the natural abundance of which we maybe still have a memory, which calls to us, insistent, over the millennia. Going to St Kilda feels more than a journey, it feels like a pilgrimage, especially if, in your wish for wild places, you are searching for something, as all pilgrims are; for if your longing is for the world before we altered it, this is where it will be fulfilled.
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Category:Bayou Gauche
English: Bayou Gauche — located within St. Charles Parish, in the Greater New Orleans region, southeastern Louisiana.
- A census-designated place—CDP and fishing village, with an adjacent natural bayou and wetlands.
Español: Bayou Gauche — Luisiana, Estados Unidos.
Media in category "Bayou Gauche"
The following 46 files are in this category, out of 46 total.


text: SAU's best player — might be and probably is — defensive tackle Cedric Thornton. http://www.sanmarcosrecord.com/sports/x1953198449/College-Football-How-stubborn-are-the-Muleriders Last season Thornton compiled a gaudy stat line — 80 tackles (49 solo), 8.5 sacks and two forced fumbles — and is already building on it in 2010 (eight tackles and one sack against Harding). In fact, several scouts from teams in the NFL have inquired about Thornton to both Keopple and Wright. "We've been out there and had several NFL scouts asking about what he looks like on tape," Wright said. "I'll tell you what, he's a big son of a gun that can play football."