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Home › Forums › Campfire › Editor's Roundtable › Six Moon Designs Lunar Duo Tent REVIEW
Aug 28, 2007 at 8:35 pm #1224809
Benjamin SmithBPL Member
@bugbombLocale: South Texas
Companion forum thread to:Aug 29, 2007 at 7:28 am #1400327
Thatcher DrewMember
I've been using my double as single for some hikes. I'm tall and can sit up, stretch out, store gear inside. Good bug protection. Good ventellation. It is becoming my favorite "comfort item."
I'm not sure you can use fixed-length hiking poles. They fit in a pocket (But I haven't worked the problem).Aug 29, 2007 at 9:11 am #1400339
Michael SkwarczekMember
@uberkatzenLocale: Sudamerica
The manufacturer suggests a 115cm (45") pole length and I've discovered that anything over 118-120cm changes the pitch of the main lines and prohibits closing of the vestibule doors, which use those lines for support.
I ordered the 30 denier floor and lay a sheet of tyvek under that, as recommended. The silnylon/tyvek combo has a tendency to shift the floor as the two materials slip against each other. I'm considering adding tie outs on either side at the doors, so I can secure the floor. This could have the added benefit of making the zippers one handed. I also found that I need some lines of silcoat on the inside to stop my pad and gear from slipping. I may add that to the underside too and see if this helps keep the floor positioned.
I haven't yet tested in moderate to high winds but agree with the reviewer's concerns and his suggestion to use the extra tie outs.
>michaelAug 29, 2007 at 10:24 am #1400352
d kBPL Member
I'm curious as to whether the sharp tips of the pole need to be exposed to fit through the grommets at the top, or whether there is a "pocket" that could securely hold covered tips (I always hike with the rubber tips on my poles, and since they're cheap poles, they're a pain to remove). Thanks for finally publishing a review of this extremely attractive potential future tent of mine!Aug 29, 2007 at 10:59 am #1400360
Steve .Member
@pappekakLocale: Tralfamadore
Michael, you might want to consider adding silcoat to your pad instead of the tent floor. That way you would be adding a minimal amount of weight to keep your pad from moving around.Aug 29, 2007 at 9:01 pm #1400468
Jim NordbyBPL Member
@jimbobLocale: Minnesota
I just got back from using a Lunar Duo in the Wind Rivers.
We had a nasty night at the unprotected end of a lake there,
with 30-40 MPH winds. I had both a Double Rainbow (no guys)
and Lunar Duo (added guys to windward side) and both did very
well in the wind. My $0.02…Aug 30, 2007 at 11:26 am #1400523
donald bucknerSpectator
@toomanyarrowsLocale: Southeast U.S.
Sorry for the off topic question, but what model NB shoes are those in the vestbule photo? I have a friend who owns a few stores, and I get a discount on this brand, so what model is considered a winner for UL backpacking?Aug 30, 2007 at 11:29 am #1400526Aug 30, 2007 at 12:22 pm #1400532
James NelsonMember
@bigmuddyLocale: Midwest
Not coming with stakes is hardly a weakness. This allows one to purchase the stakes one wants or needs.
Got this tent as soon as it hit the market. I've loved the solo tent. It has survived storms at treeline in the Whites and summer down pours in the Midwest. The tent is so nice I'm considering selling all my other two person tents.Aug 30, 2007 at 3:25 pm #1400558
donald bucknerSpectator
@toomanyarrowsLocale: Southeast U.S.
Thanks for the NB info. The tent looks like it is perfect for my wife and I. We do some base camp type car camping and even short hiking trips and this tent would be a nice luxury. Nice to hear it held up well in the wind, although the wind is normally not too bad in the southeast. I already have some MSR groundhog stakes so that sounds like a good combo. I really like the extra covered space for shoes,packs and other gear. When hunting there is usually a bow involved, so that would be a nice spot for it.Sep 1, 2007 at 3:14 pm #1400749
Terry GBPL Member
@delvxeLocale: Pacific Northwest
I just spent two nights in the Lunar Duo on a trip with my young daughter. I cannot imagine why you would want something more comfortable. Setup is easy as well even though you need a pretty big space.
The nights were nearly windless and as expected there was considerable condensation with the tent open on both sides, but no drips.Sep 9, 2007 at 9:40 am #1401584
P. P.Member
@toesnorthLocale: PNW
I can't say enough good things about this shelter. It goes up fast and has tons of space for two and our gear. We've had it on two mountain tops so far and we had moderate condensation (which we expected) but no drips and we just wiped it down before we started thrashing around.
If we stop backpacking long enough to write a proper review, I'll submit it.Sep 28, 2007 at 9:52 am #1403950
BRIAN BOLINBPL Member
@obozLocale: OVER YONDER'
I've done alot of research and this is definitely my next tent! :)Sep 28, 2007 at 10:47 am #1403953
Andrew RichardMember
@fairweather8588Locale: The Desert
My friend and hiking partner Mike has this tent and uses it for his family… despite his son only being a year old this tent allows room for Him, his Wife, and their child with gear for all three. I think you could get lost as a solo sleeper. The amount of headroom is fantastic. I would love to own it myself, the pattern is very well thought out and the design lends itself to the "simplicity is elegance" thinking. Nice Job, Ron.Sep 28, 2007 at 4:49 pm #1403973
michael shimerMember
Great tent. My first UL tent. I had used a Siera Designs Meteor Light CD in the past. This actually feels roomier inside.
I took mine to yosemite for a cold weekend (30s in the evening).
For the first night I set up the tent as it is in all the pictures – vestibule pitched out. this is great to avoid condensation because it lets air in depending on how low you can get them to the ground. However when the wind is whipping and it's cold you can fold the doors shut, on over the other. I guyed mine out with rocks. This made for a much more wind proof set up. The next two nights were much more cozy.
SilNylon is very slippery – like everyone says – consider applying silcoat 'stripes' to your sleeping pad or the bottom of the tent. It makes a huge difference.
MikeJan 31, 2008 at 5:44 pm #1418626
Gail LuskMember
@alohatinkLocale: In the Middle of No Where!
This tent is the best investment I have made out of all my gear!!!
I have used this tent on the JMT and both on the slopes of Haleakala and camping on the beach.
I am usually a Hammock Camper, but at times one must hug the ground.
This is the most comfortable tent I have used in a long time. It held up well in hail (pea size) and also heavy rain as well as wind.
It has to endure trade winds that are daily 15 – 20 mph almost anywhere here on Maui.
I have in stronger winds attached guy lines to the extra four loops.
I did find that it is a good idea to seal the seams around the top of where the spacer poles are inserted. Not due to leaks but to make it stronger. The Velcro sides are a bit sharp and I did not like the strain it was putting on the top of the sil-nylon.
I did not seal this whole tent and only did the one main seam where the black netting is.
Slept in: 23 days
Rain: 10 days
Winds average 15 mph: 12 days
My only suggestion is the grommets do not fit all the tips of your hiking poles. Once I switched to the Black Diamond ones I had no trouble.
I would love to see some kind of improvement on how the poles slip into the grommets. Maybe a small plastic cup instead.
Why I am making this suggestion is:
On returning to my campsite one day…I find someone must have ran into my guy line, knocking down the hiking pole.
I was set up by campers with small children. Well anyways, being helpful (I am sure they thought so) in placing back the pole into the grommet … it missed its mark; and I now have a small hole in the netting and also a tiny hole in the top of the roof!! :S :(
For going solo it is a huge wonderful castle, now you just need to find the Prince or Princess to share it with you!:DSep 18, 2008 at 4:18 pm #1451520
Larry RischMember
Great review, I liked the comparison of space to the Double Rainbow.
I think you left somethings out:
It has the same weight only if you go with the lightweight floor option which isn't (as?) waterproof, and if you normally take trekking poles. The heavier floor adds 4 ozs., and two carbon fiber poles adds 3.6 ozs. (and how durable are these?). While I like the zippers over velcro, it doesn't have a porch setup.
Since I use the Double Rainbow as a solo and often don't take trekking poles, the weight saving is more important to me than space. So the other features would be a deciding factor for me. It would be nice to have both!Sep 18, 2008 at 7:33 pm #1451543
Lynn TramperMember
@retropumpLocale: The Antipodes of La Coruna
Nice review, although I agree with Larry that in some instances the options available with the DR outweigh the difference in width. The rain flys are lovely to sit under and cook in the rain, and we've even had a third person sleep under the rain porch in a pinch. The option of setting it up without trekking poles (adjustable or otherwise) is a bonus for solo use. The DR can also have a 'liner' added which makes it virtually a double-skinned tent, so you don't have to brush up against the condensation. Not saying one tent is 'better' than the other, just that you can't go on pure weight or floor space alone (and the newer DR comes with zippers).Sep 19, 2008 at 5:19 am #1451553
Bill BBPL Member
Ive never heard of the liner. Is it ok their site?Sep 19, 2008 at 7:48 am #1451559
Bob BankheadBPL Member
@wandering_bobLocale: Oregon, USA
4 oz……….$ 30Sep 19, 2008 at 10:20 pm #1451615
Larry RischMember
If you are like me and don't take trekking poles and would opt for the comparable heavier more waterproof floor in the Lunar Duo, then your talking about 8 oz. more weight, (and perhaps fragile carbon poles to hold it up) You also don't get a porch setup, great for views and venting even in the rain. Since I use the DR as a roomy solo tent, I don't need the extra space of the Lunar Duo, though it would be nice, and I do like the zippers, but not sure how to make them work with all the setup options of the Double Rainbow.
For two though, the porch setup is probably not that much of an option (at least not on both sides), since I doubt your gear would stay dry in the vestibule area, and the space inside is more critical.Jan 6, 2011 at 7:03 am #1680961
Wallace HunterMember
@jeepingetowahLocale: South Central
I know that I posted this under the gear link, but if anyone is searching Google this thread comes up, and I hope that my review can help someone.
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We present a first system to semi-automatically create a visual representation for a given, short text. We first parse the input text, decompose it into suitable units, and construct meaningful search terms. Using these search terms we retrieve a set of candidate images from on-line photo collections. We then select the final images in a user-assisted… (More)
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Hi everyone,
First I'm quite new to Linux. I recently installed Fedora 12 and decided that my Video card is not running at its 100% capacity (since scrolling in Firefox was kind of slow and then accelerated).
So I tried installing Nvidia driver for my Geforce 7300 SE using RPMFusion. I did next steps in terminal:
$ su -c 'yum install kmod-nvidia'
$ livna-config-display (a GUI started but I left it default and just pressed apply). I restarted PC once, no changes however except my resolution went from 1600x1050 to something smaller.
so then I did:
$ su-
$ mv /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r)-nouveau.img here I got two warnings of posibly missing of some drivers, don't remember
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$ exit
$ setsebool -P allow_execstack on (to lower Selinux protection apparently)
After these I restarted my PC and from 3 existing Kernels none boots.
The last version Kernel that was booting ok, now struggles to do something, and I get at some point the message:
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1 Reply
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 24, 2010
|Filing date
|Dec 4, 2008
|Priority date
|May 24, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Wan Y. Shih, Wei-Heng Shih, Anna Markidou, Steven T. Sweczyk, Hakki Yengingil
|Original Assignee
|Drexel University
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (87), Non-Patent Citations (148), Referenced by (12), Classifications (27), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/136,173, filed on May, 24, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,497,133, issued on Mar. 3, 2009, which, in turn, is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/573,869, filed May 24, 2004, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth fully herein.
This invention was reduced to practice with Government support under Grant No. R01 EB00720-01 awarded by NIH; the Government is therefore entitled to certain rights to this invention.
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a piezoelectric sensor for measuring shear and compression.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
A typical soft-material/tissue mechanical property tester requires an external force (displacement) applicator and an external displacement (force) gauge.1,2 The external force (displacement) generator may be hydraulic or piezoelectric and the external displacement gauge (force gauge) may be optical or piezoelectric. Regardless of the mechanism of force/displacement generation and displacement/force detection, typical tissue/soft-material mechanical testing is destructive and it requires specimens cut to a disc shape to fit in the tester. In addition, a compressive elastic modulus tester e.g., an Instron is also different from a shear modulus tester, e.g., a rheometer.3 Currently, no single instrument measures both the compressive Young's modulus and the shear modulus.
Over the past decades, many techniques have been developed to image tissue structures.4-9 Computer Tomography (CT)10 takes 360 degree X-ray pictures and reconstructs 3D tissue structures using computer software. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)11 uses powerful magnetic fields and radio waves to create tissue images for diagnosis. Ultrasound (US)12 transmits high-frequency waves through tissue and captures the echoes to image tissue structures. T-scan (TS)13 measures low-level bioelectric currents to produce real-time images of electrical impedance properties of tissues. Ultrasound elastography (UE)14 evaluates the echo time through tissues under a constant mechanical stress and compares it to that of the same tissue when unstressed. A tissue strain map is then obtained, from which an image of 2D elastic modulus distribution is created by inversion techniques. Tactile imaging tools using array pressure sensors probe spatial tissue stiffness variations. However none of these techniques have the ability to probe tumor interface properties.
The detection of abnormal tissue as cancerous growth requires improvements in screening technologies. The key to successful treatment lies in early detection. Imaging techniques such as mammography in breast cancer screening, detect abnormal tissue by tissue density contrast. Mammography is the only FDA approved breast cancer screening technique, which has a typical sensitivity of 85% that decreases to 65% in radiodense breasts.10 However, in these screening processes there is a high incidence of false positives. In fact, only about 15-30% of breast biopsies yield a diagnosis of malignancy. Changes in tissue stiffness have increasingly become an important characteristic in disease diagnosis. It is known that breast cancers are calcified tissues that are more than seven times stiffer than normal breast tissues.11-14 Thus, contrasting levels of stiffness within the breast may indicate cancerous tissue. Similarly, plaque-lined blood vessels are also stiffer than normal, healthy blood vessels.
The examining physician may detect abnormal tissue stiffness by palpation by taking advantage of the fact that cancerous tissues are stiffer than surrounding normal tissues under compression. Thus, palpation has been a useful tool for experienced physicians to diagnose breast and prostate cancer. However, palpation is not quantitative and depends solely on the experience of the individual physician. So there remains a critical need to improve cancer-screening technology to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies.
In a first aspect, the invention relates to a sensor for measuring a compression modulus and a shear modulus that has a first layer made of piezoelectric material, a second layer made of a non-piezoelectric material, a first electrode placed on top of the first layer for sensing a displacement of the first layer; and a second electrode placed on top of the first layer for providing a force to the first layer.
In a second aspect of the invention a sensor for measuring a compression modulus and a shear modulus is provided having a first layer made of piezoelectric material for providing a force, a second layer made of non-piezoelectric material, and a third layer made of piezoelectric material for sensing a displacement.
In a third aspect of the invention a method for measuring a compression modulus and a shear modulus is provided. The method has the steps of providing a plurality of sensors made of a piezoelectric material and a non-piezoelectric material at a target, applying a force with at least one of the plurality of sensors, detecting a displacement with at least one of the plurality of sensors, and providing a measurement of a compression modulus and a shear modulus of said target.
A "PEFS" includes a piezoelectric layer bonded to a non-piezoelectric layer to form a cantilever.
In a first aspect of the invention, the PEFS is capable of simultaneously applying a force and detecting the corresponding displacement. The application of a voltage at the driving electrode generates the force and the corresponding displacement is measured by detecting the induced piezoelectric voltage within the sensing electrode. The PEFS can measure both the compressive Young's modulus and the shear modulus of a soft material through the cantilevered tip. Thus, in an aspect of the current invention, the PEFS measures both the compressive Young's modulus and shear modulus using one single device, while at the same time increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of the measurements, relative to some commercially available devices used for this purpose. Comparisons between the shear and compressive measurements using one single device provide clear and accurate information about the interfaces between hard inclusions (tumors) and the surrounding tissue that otherwise could likely not be obtained.
In another aspect of the invention, several PEFS can form an array to measure lateral and in-depth stiffness variations in soft-materials and tissues both under compression and under shear. This ability to self-excite via the driving voltage and self-detect via the sensing electrode allows a PEFS to measure the elastic and shear properties of specimens having complex shapes.
In another aspect of the invention, the PEFS may apply forces and measure displacements at the same time, allowing the device to function using completely electrical means for tissue-stiffness imaging, cancer and disease detection. Thus, the PEFS may be powered with a DC power source allowing the PEFS to take electrical measurements in the DC mode. In this aspect of the invention the PEFS may be part of a portable hand-held device for measuring tissue. This simple all-electrical measurement makes the PEFS look and work like a finger, which may allow for in vivo measurements in tight spaces.
While the sensitivity of the PEFS has been improved by the increased sensitivity of the compression tests with the addition of the shear test to the PEFS, the reduction of the probe size as compared to the bulkiness of current tactile cancer-imaging devices, provides increased versatility as well. In particular, the finger-like shape of the PEFS is now suitable for, for example, prostate cancer detection.
In another aspect of the invention, the PEFS can analyze measurements of various widths allowing the direct experimental determination of a stiffness variation in the thickness direction. Current tumor imaging techniques are incapable of directly measuring a tumor size or position. Instead, these techniques measure the surface mechanical response. The tumor information is generated numerically by the "inversion" technique and used to reconstruct the tumor size and position.15,16
In another aspect of the invention, the PEFS can assess vertical stiffness variations of soft materials/tissues up to several centimeters in depth with increased resolution by use of an array of PEFS's of varying probe widths ranging from less than 1 mm to several cm. Detection of tissue stiffness both under shear and under compression will allow comparison of the stiffness of a hard inclusion such as a tumor, with the stiffness of surrounding normal tissue, not only under compression, but also under shear. Such comparisons will permit a determination of the interfacial properties between the hard inclusion and surrounding tissue, which has the potential to greatly enhance the ability to assess tumor malignancy.
The PEFS is capable of detecting soft-material/stiffness variations in both the shear and the compression modes while under DC power. This allows a portable hand held device to detect soft material/tissue stiffness. Additional advantages result from the ultra-small strains employed for detection (smaller than 1%), and the minimal discomfort that such strains will cause to the patient.
In another aspect of the invention, the PEFS may be fabricated in a variety of shapes including L-shaped, U-L-shaped, U-shaped, square-shaped, O-shaped, tapered, etc. as well as in various lengths and widths. When the PEFS has an L-shaped tip, the PEFS is capable of accurately measuring the shear modulus of soft tissues and materials at very small strain (<0.1%), a capability most of the current commercial rheological instruments lack.
In addition to detection and mapping of a tumor, the PEFS may also be employed as a tissue/soft-material mechanical tester, for breast cancer detection, for prostate cancer detection, for monitoring skin cancer and skin elasticity testing, or for cellular elasticity/plasticity measurements using a miniaturized PEFS. Of course, the PEFS is capable of use in conventional methods for making compression and shear measurements on pliable materials of any kind and its use need not be limited to tissue measurements.
All-electrical measurement. When a voltage is applied to the top PZT layer of a PEFS as shown in
The ability of the PEFS to electrically apply a force and electronically measure the displacement makes it ideal for "electronic palpation" like an "electronic finger." The PEFS measures the tissue compressive (shear) stiffness by touching (rubbing) the tissue surface. The force generation and displacement sensing are all within the "finger." The PEFS may be used for in-vivo tissue imaging particularly for breast cancer and prostate cancer detection.
The PEFS can measure elastic stiffness and shear modulus of soft materials, with or without a sensing electrode. In case a sensing electrode is not used, other means such a laser or piezoelectric displacement meter can be provided for displacement determination.
A flat-punch indentation compression test is a test whereby the cantilever tip is pressed on the sample surface and the cantilever contact area is much smaller than the sample surface area. This test simulates an in vivo measurement.
wherein v is the Poisson ratio and E is the Young's modulus of the model tissue. Denoting the spring constant of the cantilever as K and the "free" displacement generated by an applied voltage V is represented as d0, the force F exerted on the model tissue by the applied voltage V with a displacement, δ, is therefore, F=K(d0−δ). It follows that the Young's modulus, E, is then expressed as,
wherein the subscript i of E denotes indentation.
A regular compression test describes a condition where a cantilever is pressed on the sample surface and the contact area is the same as the sample surface area. A schematic of a regular compression test is shown in
wherein h is the height of the sample, d0 the "free" displacement of the cantilever at voltage V, δ the displacement with the sample, K the spring constant of the cantilever and E, is the elastic modulus measured by the regular compression test. For comparison, the same model tissue sample was tested using both the indentation compression and regular compression test conditions (the left-hand set of data and setup in
Having demonstrated that piezoelectric cantilevers are capable of determining the elastic stiffness of soft materials using the flat-punch indentation test, and that the test can be done with a driving electrode for force generation, and a sensing electrode for displacement/force detection using all-electrical measurements, here it is demonstrated that tissue elastic stiffness profiling can be done using flat-punch indentation. A simulated tissue sample with a hard inclusion was made from gelatin and candle wax. A 7 mm diameter, 5 mm tall cylinder of wax was embedded in an 8 mm thick gelatin matrix. Indentation tests were conducted at 2 mm increments over the entire surface surrounding the inclusion. The elastic modulus at each location was calculated using Eq. (2). The 2-D plot in
Because the indentation test only needs to press a small part of the sample surface, it is a natural configuration for in vivo application. However, because the probe size is smaller than the sample size in an indentation test, only the volume immediately beneath the indenting device is affected by the indentation test. It is thus conceivable that the detection sensitivity depends on the depth of the hard inclusion. To demonstrate this point, the effect of the probe size on the depth limit for detection using cantilevers of 3 mm width and 5 mm width was examined. Both cantilevers are 2 cm in length. The 3 mm wide cantilever had a contact area of 3 mm (the width)�2 mm and the 5 mm wide cantilever had a contact area of 5 mm (the width)�2 mm. With the 3 mm wide cantilever six wax inclusions of 7 mm diameters at varying depths beneath the top surface were embedded in a gelatin sample of 7 mm in height. For the 5 mm wide cantilever, five wax inclusions 15 mm in diameter were embedded in a gelatin sample of 18 mm in height. Cantilever indentation tests were conducted across the central axis of each sample at 1 mm increments. Elastic modulus was calculated at each location using the indentation formula, Equation (2). The result of elastic profiles of wax inclusions 7 mm in diameter embedded at different depths measured using the 3 mm wide cantilever are plotted in
For comparison, the result of elastic profiles of wax inclusions 15 mm in diameter embedded at different depths were measured using the 5 mm wide cantilever and plotted in
The above results indicate that one can probe the elastic stiffness to different depths by using cantilevers having different probe sizes. Furthermore, by carefully analyzing measurements with different probe sizes, it is possible to obtain not only the stiffness variation in the lateral direction, but also in the thickness direction to thereby allow construction of 3-D tissue stiffness maps.
Shear tests can be accomplished using L-shaped cantilevers. A schematic of a regular shear test is shown in
where h and A are the height and the surface area of the sample, respectively, K is the spring constant of the cantilever, and Δx0 and Δx the displacement of the cantilever without and with the sample, respectively.
A schematic of an indentation shear test is shown in
wherein A is the contact area, v is the Poisson ratio, K is the spring constant of the cantilever, and Δx0 and Δx are the displacements of the cantilever without and with the sample, respectively.
For comparison of all four measurements, regular compression, indentation compression, regular shear and indentation shear, a cantilever that has a U-shaped stainless steel tip as shown in
The results of the regular compression, indentation compression, regular shear, and indentation shear measurements on rubber samples that had a Young's modulus of 400-500 kPa using the U-shaped cantilever as shown in
Two tumor models, one with a smooth face and the other with a rough face were made of play dough and were the same size and embedded at the same depth in the model tissue gelatin as shown in
While both the smooth-surfaced and rough-surfaced model tumors were much stiffer than the surrounding gelatin under compression, only the rough-surfaced tumor displayed a stiffer shear. This indicates that the rough-surfaced tumor model was less mobile than the smooth-surfaced tumor model under shear. Thus, the indentation shear measurement with a piezoelectric finger was effective in probing tumor interfacial properties and tumor mobility. Combining both the compression and shear tests offers the potential of not only measuring the stiffness, but also determining the mobility of a tumor, which has great potential for tumor malignancy detection.
The use of the PEFS in excised breast tumors has been evaluated in the laboratory. The lumpectomy specimen was from a 60-year old woman with breast cancer. The known malignancy was 1.4 cm in the largest dimension. After surgical excision, the specimen was oriented with silk sutures, scanned with ultrasound, and images were stored. The PEFS scan was performed in the same orientation to allow later correlation with the ultrasound image. The specimen was sectioned in the same orientation to allow histological confirmation of the PEFS findings as well. Using the PEFS, preliminary elastic modulus measurements were performed on breast lumpectomy samples using an 8 mm wide PEFS with a rectangular tip.
Of note, the PEFS scan identified the known 15�13�12 mm invasive ductal carcinoma at x=15-25 mm and identified a smaller 6�5�3 mm satellite invasive ductal carcinoma at x=5-10 mm. This smaller lesion was not detected by mammogram, ultrasound or the physician's preoperative palpation.
With the second lumpectomy sample (not shown), the elastic modulus, E, and shear modulus, G, profiles have been performed. The tumor was 12-10 mm in size and 5 mm below the surface. The tissue was examined with an 8 mm wide PEFS.
A separate experiment (not shown) has determined that the probe depth of a PEFS is twice the PEFS's width. With Egel obtained from locations far away from the inclusion, one can then use the two profiles measured with the two PEFS' to solve the following two equations for the two unknowns, Einclusion and d:
where dp,1 and dp,2 (Emeasured,1 and Emeasured,2) are the probe depths of PEFS 1 and PEFS 2, respectively, Egel the elastic modulus of gelatin that can be obtained from far away from the inclusion, and d and Einclusion are the inclusion depth and the elastic modulus of the inclusion. Using the measured elastic modulus over the top of the center of the inclusion, the known probe depths, and the Egel obtained from far away from the inclusion and solving Eqs. (6) and (7), we obtained d=2.4 mm and Einclusion=109 kPa from
In this model study, a model smooth tumor (the shaded inclusion in the back of
Preliminary measurement on breast tissues after surgery have indicated that a PEFS can detect cancerous tumors as small as 3 mm in size that were missed by mammography, ultrasound, and physician's palpation, offering great potential for early breast cancer detection. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that by using two or more PEFS's of different widths, one can simultaneously determine both the tumor elastic (shear) modulus and its depth. In addition, it has also been demonstrated that tumor mobility can be assessed by measuring the ratio of the shear modulus to the elastic modulus of a tumor, or by sensitive direct tumor mobility measurement using two PEFS's, one for pushing and one for measuring the movement. The tumor mobility measurement offers the potential for non-invasive breast cancer malignancy screening.
It is to be understood, however, that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of the invention, the disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of shape, size and arrangement of parts within the principles of the invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 23, 2007
|May 17, 2011
|Drexel University
|Self-exciting, self-sensing piezoelectric cantilever sensor
|Feb 17, 2010
|Jan 8, 2013
|Leversense Llc
|Resonant sensors and methods of use thereof for the determination of analytes
|Feb 25, 2011
|Jul 2, 2013
|Drexel University
|Detecting an analyte using a piezoelectric cantilever sensor
|Feb 25, 2011
|Aug 20, 2013
|Drexel University
|Self-exciting, self-sensing piezoelectric cantilever sensor
|May 15, 2009
|Oct 22, 2013
|Drexel University
|System and method for evaluating tissue
|Jan 23, 2007
|Jul 26, 2007
|Drexel University
|Self-exciting, self-sensing piezoelectric cantilever sensor
|Feb 17, 2010
|Aug 19, 2010
|Loverich Jacob J
|Resonant sensors and methods of use thereof for the determination of analytes
|Feb 25, 2011
|Jun 16, 2011
|Drexel University
|Detecting an analyte using a piezoelectric cantilever sensor
|Feb 25, 2011
|Jun 16, 2011
|Drexel University
|Self-exciting, self-sensing piezoelectric cantilever sensor
|May 15, 2009
|Jul 14, 2011
|Drexel University
|System and method for evaluating tissue
|Jul 14, 2011
|Aug 23, 2012
|Apple Inc.
|Low z linear vibrator
|Apr 28, 2014
|Nov 6, 2014
|Indian Council Of Medical Research
|A non-contact method for measurement of strain profile at a location interposed within a soft deformable object with dynamic evolution of the strain under dynamic loading or fracture of the object
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
CDLUM (View their submission) · 1 year ago
EY! thanks dude, I really appreciate you giving it a look
Jupiter_Hadley · 1 year ago
Nice style! I included it in my compilation video series of the My First Game Jam, if you would like to check it out!
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When you hear about global warming, do you picture dirty coal plants and industrial smokestacks? Do you kick yourself for not having replaced that last bulb in the bathroom with a compact fluorescent? Or gnaw your nails over how much you've been spending on gas?
Yes, the sources of energy required to power our homes and power those planes are major emitters of the greenhouse gases of highest concern—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—but there's another culprit that's largely stayed out of the climate change-hot seat: our food system.
Okay, so maybe food strikes you as an unlikely target. If asked to name the planet's climate-change bad guys, you might tag Shell and ExxonMobile before Sara Lee or General Mills.
But, if you actually account for all the emissions from seed to plate to landfill, the food industry accounts for as much as 31 percent of the planet's greenhouse gas emissions. The livestock industry alone is responsible for nearly one-fifth of the total—more than the entire transportation sector.
Check out the resources in this section for more information about the food and climate change connection… and thanks for tuning in.
—Anna Lappé


text:
NTT DoCoMo plans pocket-size Windows 7 device
Japan's NTT DoCoMo plans to launch what it calls the world's smallest Windows 7 computer in the next two months.
Japan's NTT DoCoMo plans to launch what it calls the world's smallest Windows 7 computer in the next two months.
Google's I/O conference unleashed a flurry of Android news this week, including some long-awaited new applications and updates to the operating system itself.
How do you solve a problem like Apple and Google?
Apple's policy on in-app purchasing is having some serious negative consequences -- just not for Apple. While the policy opened the door for app subscriptions, and gives Apple an edge over competitors like Amazon, smaller app developers and parents a...
Business travelers and other people on the fly will like Google's upgrade to the mobile version of its news site if they don't mind the omnipresent search engine knowing where they are.
One administrative law judge of the U.S. International Trade Commission has ruled that Kodak did not infringe Apple patents in its cameras, possibly setting the stage for dismissal of a complaint by Apple.
New partners Microsoft and Nokia have joined forces, hoping to invalidate Apple's trademark registration for the terms<strong> </strong>APP STORE and APPSTORE in Europe, according to a statement issued<strong> </strong>by Microsoft.
Apple is in the hot seat again in a new lawsuit that says iPad and iPhone user location data and other personal information is being shared with third-party advertisers. Apple is accused of aiding and abetting the "intentional taking and transmittin...
Thirty-five percent of Android and iPhone owners in the U.S. use apps such as Facebook on their smartphone before even getting out of bed, according to a survey conducted by telecommunications equipment vendor Ericsson.</a>
The mobile computing technology explosion has brought out seriously organized, international and profit-driven cybercriminals.
Google used its I/O conference to introduce Android@Home, a software framework for Android that allows programmers to interact with various connected appliances such as light bulbs, thermostats, washing machines and more.
While Google currently does not see any conflict between its Android vision for tablets and smartphones and its Chrome OS cloud-based laptop vision, a company official acknowledged today that there is potential for such a conflict in the future.
Open-source collaboration platform provider Open-Xchange has a released Mobile Web App, which gives smartphone users online and offline access to appointments, e-mails and contacts while on the road, the company said on Tuesday.
Acer on Wednesday charged its former chief executive officer, Gianfranco Lanci, with performance issues, after he had criticized the company's resistance to globalization in interviews with the media.
Google unveiled Android 2.4 (deliciously nicknamed "Ice Cream Sandwich") at this morning's keynote at Google I/O in San Francisco. Ice Cream Sandwich brings the best features of Honeycomb to mobile phones. Still, other than a few intriguing demos, Go...
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"We were looking for a service that could send a holiday gift to a friend of ours who lives in Bucharest, Romania. Experience has shown this is NOT an easy thing to do if trying to mail the gift yourself from the USA (and of course you are quite limited in what you can send from here to Europe, and of course there are Customs charges as well!). With Gift Baskets Overseas, we were able to avoid such difficulties. We picked out a lovely gift basket of goodies for our friend which we assume were sent from the U.K. thereby avoiding Customs fees and exorbitant shipping charges from the U.S. The gift basket arrived on time in Bucharest, and the delivery service there went the extra mile to find our friend who was not at the office that day to insure her gift was delivered. She was very excited and pleased and so are we."
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"This is the second time I've used this service and both times it has been a great experience. They're easy to deal with, the items I've ordered were very fresh and great presentation and delivered exactly as requested. I'd recommend this company to anyone that is looking for International deliveries. The items I ordered were a Christmas basket and an Easter basket and with each occasion I also ordered fruit baskets."
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"I found Gift Baskets Overseas doing an online search and I can tell you - they are fantastic. Our son is overseas in the Czech Republic and I wanted to surprise him for his birthday - 21st - and everything that Gift Baskets said they would do - they did. They went above and beyond the call of duty to ensure that this gift was received by my son. It was so important to us and they realized it. I would recommend Gift Baskets overseas for anyone who wants exceptional gifts with exceptional service. And in today's world it is very hard to find businesses along with intelligent customer service that take responsibility and truly care! Thank you so much!!! "
P.T. Lopez - New Zealand - Nov 11, 2010
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text:
Hospital plans expansion 6 years after flooding
A central Indiana hospital is about to start work on an expansion project that was first planned before it was badly damaged in flooding six years ago.
The $30 million project at Columbus Regional Hospital will expand its emergency department and cancer center.
Hospital CEO Jim Bickel tells The Republic the emergency department's patient volume far exceeds what it was designed to handle and the cancer center has experienced a steady growth in the number of patients. The expansion is expected to be complete by the end of next year.
The hospital had planned a larger expansion project before 2008 flash flooding of its first floor and basement, which forced its evacuation and closure for several months.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
1443 Sylvan Avenue, Grand Rapids 49506
See more homes for sale in Grand Rapids, MI
This property has been Sold!
05/10/2016 at $103,100
This 2bdr/1ba house sits on a double lot in a wonderful Ottawa Hills neighborhood. The adjacent lot is 1441 Sylvan and has a market value of $13,800 ( included in sale price of $110,000.) We are currently bringing 1441 and 1443 under one address for sale.Just a block from East Grand Rapids and a short drive to downtown Grand Rapids, this home features hardwood floors, an easily converted attic for office/play space and a nice dry basement.Plenty of room to add a garage and still maintain a lovely green space for play or entertaining.Large public athletic filed ( full sized soccer) and rolling park a block awayHere's a link to a walkthrough videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skxJyD5ATK4Large public athletic filed ( full sized soccer) and rolling park a block awa
Property Information
- Status
- Sold
- Address
- 1443 Sylvan Avenue
- City
- Grand Rapids
- Zip
- 49506
- County
- Kent
- Township
- City of Grand Rapids
- Possession
- At Close
- Zoning
- residential
- Total Finished SqFt
- 908
- Above Grade SqFt
- 908
- Water
- Public
- Sewer
- Public
- Year Built
- 1952
- Taxes
- $1,620
Rooms and Land
- Basement
- Full Basement
- Heating
- Forced Air, Natural Gas
- Acreage
- 0.2
- Lot Dimensions
- 60 wide by 150 deep
- Appliances
- Dryer, Range, Refrigerator, Washer
- Features
- Ceiling Fans, Wood Floor
- Exterior Materials
- Aluminum
Listing Video for 1443 Sylvan Avenue, Grand Rapids MI 49506
Mortgage Calculator
Listing Broker
Listing Courtesy of Realify Properties
Office Address 9380 Myers Lake Avenue
Listing Agent Gerry Barnaby
Listings last updated: . Some properties that appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have been sold and may no longer be available.
Our Michigan real estate agents can answer all of your questions about 1443 Sylvan Avenue, Grand Rapids MI 49506. Real Estate One, Max Broock Realtors, and J&J Realtors are part of the Real Estate One Family of Companies and dominate the Grand Rapids, Michigan real estate market. To sell or buy a home in Grand Rapids, Michigan, contact our real estate agents as we know the Grand Rapids, Michigan real estate market better than anyone with over 100 years of experience in Grand Rapids, Michigan real estate for sale.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site appears in part from the IDX programs of our Multiple Listing Services. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Real Estate One includes the name and address of the listing broker where available.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
All information deemed materially reliable but not guaranteed. Interested parties are encouraged to verify all information. Copyright© 2017 MichRIC LLC, All rights reserved.


text:
Title: Mother and Babies Course (BMC) Case Manager (3 Posts)
Job Location: Geita
Reporting: Project Manager - THRIVE
Catholic Relief Services (CRS) is looking for qualified MBC case manager(s) who will be responsible for planning, implementation and coordination of the maternal mental wellbeing component of the project.
Thecomponent is part of the primary intervention of the operation research implemented through enhancedcare groups. The Mothers and Babies Course (MBC) is a 12-session group based intervention aimed at preventing depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period by teaching women mood regulation skills.
Key responsibilities
- Developing and coordinating implementation of the mothers and babies course (MBC) specific work plans and schedules.
- Facilitating MBC sessions with participating mothers and pregnant women
- Mobilizing and organizing pregnant women and women with children aged below two years (targeted caregivers) to participate in group sessions for the mothers and babies course
- Conduct regular home visits to care group volunteers/lead mothers implementing the mothers and babies course
- Transfer skills to CHVs and lead mothers on MBC intervention during care groups sessions and home visits
- Conduct supportive and reflective supervision as well as coaching to care group volunteers during their home visits to neighbour women and at care group meetings
- Conduct and facilitate monitoring activities to ensure fidelity of the intervention by care group volunteers
- Support mobilization of targeted caregivers during data collection periods of the operation research
- Participate in joint monitoring, progress review activities and learning sessions for the project
- Generate regular progress reports on maternal mental wellbeing component of the project
- Participate in regular support supervision and coaching sessions with mothers and babies course instructor based in the USA via Skype
- Working closely with the field supervisors ensure proper integration and synergy of project activities
- Bachelor's degree in clinical psychology, nursing, clinical officers, counsellors, mental health degree.
Experience with cognitive behavioural therapy preferred.
- Minimum two years' experience offering counselling services and/or psychosocial support services or in a similar position working in community based projects
- Experience in training/facilitating, coaching and mentoring teams
- Experience working pregnant women, mothers of /and children under five in communities for development
- Good communication and interpersonal skills and report writing and analytical skills
- Good problem solving skills
- Ability to engage with program participants (85 % field time) and Ability & willingness to ride a motor cycle when required desirable
Working relationships:
Partners coordinator, CRS PM and Coordinators, CRS MEAL STA, and International MBC instructor.
Other Competencies/Attributes:
- Excellent computer skills
- Ability to work well with people
- Excellent time management and task prioritization skills,
- Ability to work independently and as part of a team
The qualified applicants should submit a letter briefly explaining how they suit in the position and a 3 pager
CV to below Email Adress by 15th July, 2016.
Human Resources Specialist
Catholic Relief Services – Tanzania Pro
E-mail: email@example.com
Warning: Any Job Vacancy Requesting Payment For Any Reason is a Scam.