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Stormwater Management Plan by Expert Engineers
(Engineers Specializing in Stormwater Management / Municipal Engineering)
Stormwater Management Report is required to identify the quality and quantity impacts of the change in stormwater runoff on existing
infrastructure and watercourses due to a proposed development. Stormwater Management Report determines improvements to municipal
servicing infrastructure required to support the proposed level of development, Where applicable Stormwater Management Report also
determines mitigation measures to minimize any negative impacts on the drainage system. Stormwater Management Report will also
identify opportunities for enhancement of stormwater management facilities and features in redevelopment sites.
Stormwater Management Reports are prepared by our expert Professional Engineers well experienced in municipal engineering and
stormwater management, and include all appropriate reports, plans, computer modeling results and design calculations relating to how
stormwater run-off is to be managed. The objective of a Stormwater Management Report is to evaluate the effects of a proposed
development on the stormwater and drainage system, and to recommend how to manage rainwater/snowmelt for the proposed
development, consistent with the Wet Weather Flow Management Policy and while also meeting regional conservation authority, provincial
and federal regulations.
Our Expert Professional Stormwater Management Engineers prepare and submit Site Plan, Site Servicing, Erosion Control & Grading
Plan and Stormwater Management Report to Obtain Site Plan Approval and Municipal Building Permits from City, Town, Township, County,
Region, and/or Regional Conservation Authorities like, LSRCA -Lake Simcoe Regional Conservation Authority, TRCA - Toronto Regional
Conservation Authority for Proposed Development, Construction, Renovation or Addition of Commercial, Industrial and Residential
Buildings including Retail Shopping Plazas, Office Buildings, Medical Buildings, Restaurants, Banquet Halls, Gas Stations, Retirement
Homes, Multiplex Residential Units and Custom Build Homes in Ontario including Northern Ontario
Having vast experience in unique distinctive stormwater management, our expert stormwater management engineers offer
effective, innovative and cost efficient concept stormwater management reports, designs, and construction drawings to our
clients. Our well experienced expert professional stormwater management engineers' proficiency in conceptualizing
stormwater management designs and plan in accordance with our clients' requirements has made us very successful.
If the property is covered by a site plan control by-law, building permit will not be issued until the stormwater management
have been approved by the municipality. In addition to the planning approvals and building permit which are required for a
building project, other permits and approvals including Conservation Authority and Ministry of Transportation approvals.
Our stormwater management engineers prepare thorough, detailed, and clear stormwater management reports to suit your
needs while also adhering to design requirements of the municipality and submit to Municipality for review and approval to
obtain site plan approval and building permits.
Professional and prompt services of our well experienced expert Professional Municipal Engineers specializing in Stormwater
Management at very competitive cost are always an added value to our customer's projects. Our expert stormwater management
specialists accomplish of all their commitments through highest degree of integrity & professionalism, objective oriented approach and
continuously upgraded skills & techniques to achieve excellence in their work.
All of our engineers are operating under a Certificate of Authorization issued by the Professional Engineers of Ontario. All design drawings
and reports for Grading, Erosion Control, Site Servicing and Storm Water Management will be endorsed by a Professional Civil Engineer,
specializing in Municipal/Hydrology. Any geotechnical analysis will be endorsed by a Professional Engineer, specializing in hydrogeological
studies. All drawings and reports prepared by the professional engineer will be sealed, signed & dated.
As the grading and storm water management designs are inter-related it is recommended that the engineer and/or engineering
firm that designed the site grading also develop the storm water management scheme.
It is very important that the engineer responsible for storm water management coordinate all related drawings, details and specifications
through the prime consultant to ensure they are compatible with the approved site plan, architectural plans, and landscaping plans, etc.
Drawings that are not compatible with the other disciplines may result in undue delays.
Stormwater Management Report
Stormwater Management is a necessary component of urban municipal infrastructure. Stormwater Management Report evaluates the
effects on the stormwater and drainage system,and to recommend how to manage rainwater and snowmelt, consistent with the Municipal
Wet Weather Flow Management Policy and while also meeting regional, provincial and federal regulations. The required stormwater
management report for any Building Permit application will vary depending on the specific and type of proposed construction for the project.
The level of detail for the Stormwater Management Report depends on the type and scope of application, the size of the development and
the types of stormwater management schemes proposed. For example, a Stormwater Management Report for a Plan of Subdivision will
typically be more complex than a Stormwater Management Report in support of a Site Plan Control application. A Stormwater Management
Report is typically required for the following application types:
Zoning By-law Applications
Plans of Subdivision
Plans of Condominium
Consent to Sever
Site Plan Control applications
Under natural conditions, stormwater (rainwater and melted snow that flows over roads, parking lots, lawn and other sites) is intercepted by
vegetation and then absorbed into the ground and filtered and eventually replenishes aquifers or flows into streams and rivers. Later, part of
it is returned to the atmosphere in the form of evapotranspiration. In urbanized areas, however, impervious surfaces such as roofs, asphalt
paved roads and parking lots prevent precipitation from naturally soaking into the ground. Instead, the water runs rapidly into storm drains,
municipal sewers and drainage ditches into streams, rivers and lakes and on its way it picks up pesticides, road salts, heavy metals, oils,
bacteria, and other harmful pollutants and transports them through municipal sewers into streams, rivers and lakes. The sheer force and
volume of polluted runoff causes:
Increased downstream flooding risks
River bank and bed erosion
Increased turbidity
Aquatic Habitat destruction
Changes in the stream flow regime
Combined sewer overflows
Infrastructure damage
Contaminated streams,
& lakes
In order to mitigate the undesirable impacts of urbanization on watercourses and associated infrastructure stormwater management
practices need to be implemented:
To preserve the natural hydrologic balance in newly developing areas and re-establish it, wherever possible, in already
To protect and enhance quality of stormwater discharged to lakes and streams; and
To reduce the volume and frequency of combined sewer overflows in older urban areas.
The Stormwater Management Criteria was developed based on the principle that the establishment of appropriate, effective, and
sustainable Stormwater Management practices requires a solid understanding of the form, function, and interrelation of the water resources
and natural heritage systems.
There are numerous practices that can be incorporated into a proposed development. Stormwater Management practices that take an
integrative treatment train approach are essential ingredients for implementation of successful stormwater management strategies.
A Stormwater Management plan must consider two scales of precipitation events:
Stormwater Management of large events is needed to prevent increased flood risk and undue inundation of natural
systems; and,
Stormwater Management of natural or predevelopment hydrology is needed to minimize the volume of runoff leaving a
site, which will
reduce the dependence of developments on downstream infrastructure, respect the sensitivities of
natural receiving systems, and
the replenishment of groundwater resources.
Stormwater Management of water quality is critical to minimize the potential for the contaminants generated by our communities to harm the
surrounding environment. Although separate approaches have been provided for flood protection, water quality, erosion control, and water
balance, it should be emphasized that achieving the required design criteria for all of these categories will be dependent upon minimizing
the impact that urbanization has on the water balance. Urbanization, if not dealt with appropriately, will result in significant alteration of the
natural water balance. This, in turn, can cause watercourses, and other natural features, to experience less water during dry weather
periods. It can also reduce the amount of rainfall available to recharge groundwater, sustain aquifers, and maintain ecological processes
dependent on groundwater discharge. It can also increase surface runoff, degrade water quality, and aggravate erosion. Designing a
Stormwater Management System that manages both peak flows and the volume of runoff through encouraging water to infiltrate into the
ground, evapotranspire, and/or be re-used, is critical to sustaining surface and groundwater inputs to natural features that rely on that
surface and groundwater regime. Managing the stormwater balance will therefore be paramount if appropriate design criteria are to be met
for flood protection, water quality, erosion control, and water balance.
Rapid urban expansion, increased traffic, ageing infrastructure, greater climatic variability, and the need for enhanced sustainability of
urban water resources pose significant challenges to conventional stormwater management. Innovative approaches are needed in order to
mitigate the risk of flooding, pollution, and aquatic ecosystem degradation, and enhance beneficial uses of urban waters. No single
innovative measure is adequate under all circumstances, and a multibarrier approach is deemed to be most effective. Examples of
innovations at the property level include harvesting roof runoff and reusing water, managing rainwater by infiltration in swales and into soils
in bioretention areas, minimizing impervious surfaces, and using pervious pavement. At the neighbourhood level, runoff impacts are
mitigated by designing roads without curbs, gutters, and drain pipes, and diverting runoff into infiltration channels, swales, and wetlands.
Creating roads and parking lots with pervious pavement and draining runoff from such surfaces into infiltration basins is also discussed.
Among stormwater quality source controls, potential effects of street sweeping on runoff quality enhancement were assessed. New
innovations at the watershed scale include:
the creation of wideriparian buffer zones that can detain water, remove sediments, and mitigate nutrient export and other
the minimization of channelization of streams and rivers, and
the designation of floodwater storage areas.
Stormwater management should be understood and incorporated into development designs since proper stormwater mamangement
efficiently achieve both development and environmental goals in the most cost effective manner. When unusual circumstances or complex
problems arise, our expert stormwater management specialists identify such conditions and propose alternative solutions consistent with
good planning, engineering practices, and scientific principles. The impacts from development occur both during construction and after the
development is complete. The conversion of pervious land to impervious surfaces results in increased rate and volume of stormwater runoff,
reductions in groundwater recharge and reduction of evapotranspiration. These new impervious surfaces change the hydrologic
characteristics of the landscape by reducing infiltration into the soil and evapotranspiration from vegetation which results in a dramatic
increase in the rate and volume of stormwater runoff. New impervious surfaces, compaction of soils, and loss of native vegetation reduces
the amount of precipitation that infiltrates into the ground. Uncontrolled, the impacts of development on stormwater runoff can lead to
increased flooding, degraded water quality, stream channel erosion, hydrologic modifications, and destruction of sensitive habitats and
landscapes. Properly designed and implemented stormwater mamangement facilities can mitigate these impacts.
Stormwater Management Principles
Control and, to the extent practical, eliminate water, soil, noise and air pollution to safeguard the natural and human
Protect and improve surface water quality, wherever possible.
Protect groundwater quality and quantity.
Provide stormwater management facilities that are efficient, and minimize life cycle costs.
Maintain the natural hydrologic cycle and function of the watersheds through a range of mechanisms through
implementation of Low
Impact Development (LID) stormwater management practices and principles.
Prevent increased risk of flooding and stream erosion.
Use the treatment train approach to reduce runoff volume and to treat stormwater runoff on-site through the use of
source, conveyance
and end-of-pipe controls.
All newly developing or re-developing areas must assess their potential impacts on local and regional flooding and
All stormwater system designs for water quality treatment shall be in accordance with the most current Ministry of the
Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual (MOE SWM Manual) and shall use the treatment train
Enhanced water quality treatment shall be provided as defined by the MOE SWM Manual.
Design shall consider the entire uncontrolled drainage area and external flows.
Minor Systems shall be sized to capture and convey the 5 Year Storm.
Major Systems shall be sized to capture and convey the Regulatory Storm to a safe outlet without flooding adjacent
properties and
should provide a minimum of 300 mm of freeboard from the maximum water surface elevation of the major
system flow path to the
minimum opening of structures.
Hydraulic Grade Line in the storm sewer for the 100 year storm is a minimum of 300 mm below the basement footing
The Stormwater Management Report provides details and supporting calculations associated with the detailed design of the minor and
major drainage system and the required source, conveyance and end-of-pipe controls required to achieve the criteria established in the
Neighbourhood Functional Servicing and Stormwater Report. It also provides design details for infrastructure to confirm that the design
conforms to municipal standards. The Stormwater Management Report also includes the Monitoring Plan and the Operations and
Maintenance plan.
The Stormwater Management Reports in accordance with legislation and acts for:
Watercourses and Existing Infrastructure (i.e., Culverts and Bridges, Roads)
Erosion and Sediment Control
Flood Damage Control
Pollution Prevention
When preparing a stormwater management plan the following key acts and regulations may apply:
Federal Acts and Regulations:
Federal Fisheries Act
Species at Risk Act (SARA)
Navigable Waters Protection Act (NWPA)
Canadian Environmental Assessment Act.
Provincial Acts and Regulations:
Conservation Authorities Act (incl. Ontario Regulation 166/06)
Regulation of Development, Interference with Wetlands and Alterations to Shorelines and Watercourses
Endangered Species Act
Drainage Act
Provincial Policy Statement - Natural Hazard Land Policies, Water Quality and Quantity Policies
Lakes and Rivers Improvement Act
Environmental Protection Act
Ontario Water Resources Act
Ontario Environmental Assessment Act
Planning Act
Public Land Act
Municipal Act
Greenbelt Act
Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Act
Ontario Planning and Development Act (Seaton)
Places to Grow Act
Provincial Secondary Land Use Policy
MTO Drainage Management Policy
Elements of Common Law -Natural Watercourses (Riparian Rights and Obligations), Surface or Sheet Flow, Subsurface
Municipal Regulations/By-laws:
Municipal Zoning By-law for the area of interest
Fill and Topsoil Disturbance By-law
Noise By-law
Tree Protection By-law
Stormwater Drainage System Design Guidelines
Well-designed stormwater conveyance systems are critical for ensuring that stormwater is safely conveyed away from roads and structures
to appropriate drainage outlets. Municipalities strive to ensure that the drainage systems for new developments are robust and designed to
the highest standards of performance. For greenfield development a dual drainage system analysis shall be completed to demonstrate that
the municipal requirements for major and minor system conveyance and the hydraulic grade line are being met.
For infill/redevelopment sites the proponent shall demonstrate through a dual drainage system analysis that the downstream minor and
major system has sufficient capacity to safely accommodate design flows from point of connection of the development site to an existing
The minor system conveys urban drainage from relatively "minor" storms having a return period of 5 years. These works typically consist of
drainage pipes, catchbasins, roadway gutters and swales, enclosed conduits and roof leaders. Their purpose is to prevent frequent
flooding of road surfaces, parking lots and parks.
Municipalities will not allow development to proceed until adequate provision, in the form of storm sewers, has been made available. Rural
development will also require adequate provision for storm drainage; however it may not require storm sewers.
The minor system, comprised of street gutters, catchbasins and storm sewers, shall be designed to convey the 1 in 5 year flow without
exceeding 80% capacity. Flow in a subcritical condition – supercritical flow in sewers will not be allowed.
Ensure the Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL) during the 100 year storm is a minimum of 300 mm below the basement footing elevation.
If the outlet of the storm sewer system is submerged during the 5 year and 100 year events, the hydraulic analysis used to size the pipes
should account for backwater effects to ensure that the municipal conveyance and HGL requirements are met. For sewersheds larger than
40 hectares, or with complicated hydraulics, a dynamic computer model is used.
In areas where the capacity of the receiving storm sewer system is constrained, the site will still need to provide the required level of service
for the storm sewer system on-site. However, there will be an additional requirement that the capacity of the existing storm sewer system is
assessed to determine the required release rate from the site to ensure that there are no impacts to the receiving system. If the allowable
release rate is less than the 1 in 5 year flow, the site will be required to provide on-site storage to control the minor system flow to the
capacity of the existing, receiving storm sewer system. Notwithstanding, storm sewers designed to convey the 1 in 5 year flow will be
required in all cases.
Hydraulic analysis of the proposed and existing storm sewer system shall provide hydraulic grade lines for the 1 in 5 year standard and 1 in
100 year standard. Sewer capacities are computed using the Manning's Equation. Storm sewers are designed to convey the 1 in 5 year
flow at 80% capacity flowing in a subcritical condition. The minimum allowable size for a storm sewer is 300 mm diameter. The minimum
full bore velocity permitted in storm sewers is 0.8 m/s. The maximum full bore velocity permitted in storm sewers will be 5 m/s.
Where velocities in excess of 3 m/s are proposed, additional design factors shall be taken to protect against pipe displacement, scouring,
erosion, and hydraulic jumps.
The minimum grade on storm sewers is half a percent (0.5%). The minimum slope of the upstream leg of all storm sewers shall be one
percent, unless future developments upstream cannot accommodate this grade. For replacement of pipe sections of existing storm sewer
systems, a minimum flow velocity of 0.8 m/s shall be achieved.
Both rigid and flexible pipe are permitted in the construction of storm sewer systems including municipal service connections and
catchbasin leads. These materials include reinforced concrete, polyvinyl chloride and high density polyethylene. However, the bedding
design must be compatible with the type of pipe material used. Rigid pipe is recommended in areas of high utility congestion, when
bedding may be undermined in the future. External drop pipes will be provided when the difference in invert elevations is greater than 600
mm. The external drop pipe will be one size smaller than the sewer line – minimum 200 mm diameter.
Our Stormwater Management Engineers adhere to the following guidelines:
Endeavor to keep entrance and exit velocities equal. In order to reduce the amount of drop required, the engineer will try
to restrict the
change in velocity from one pipe to another in a maintenance hole to less than 0.6 m/s.
No acute interior angles will be allowed.
No decrease in pipe diameter from a larger size upstream to a smaller size downstream will be allowed, regardless of an
increase in
When an increase in pipe size occurs at the downstream side of the storm maintenance hole, match obvert elevations of
the incoming
outgoing pipes or have incoming pipe obverts higher than outgoing pipe obverts.
The maximum change in direction for pipe sizes 675 mm and larger is 45 degrees. For 675 mm and larger diameter pipes where the
change in direction is greater than 45 degrees, additional maintenance holes 1200 mm in diameter will be required to reduce the angle.
The actual size of the storm service connection required for non-residential, commercial, institutional, and high rise condominiums is
determined by the maximum flow permitted from the development. The minimum diameter and grade of a storm service connection is 150
mm diameter at 2 percent slope. Where the storm service connection is required to be an orifice tube, smaller pipe diameters may be
acceptable. Municipalities require a control maintenance hole located on the subject property, as close to the property line as possible. This
requirement applies to all multi-family, commercial, industrial and institutional blocks. Catchbasins will be provided to collect drainage from
both pervious and impervious areas. The spacing and design of catchbasins shall be as per the Municipal Development Control Design
Standards. In designing the stormwater collection system the engineer will ensure that the number of catchbasins connected to each
section of sewer is appropriate so that the minor system is not overloaded causing issues with the hydraulic grade line in the receiving
New outfalls discharging to watercourses are designed to prevent erosion. They are blended into the natural surroundings, in an
aesthetically pleasing manner to the greatest extent possible. Pipe exit velocities shall not impart additional erosion potential to the
streambed and banks. In addition, the outfall shall be adequately protected from erosive forces in the receiving watercourse to prevent
scouring and undermining. Outfalls shall not discharge at the top of valley walls.
The proponent should position the outlet to minimize the angle at which flow from the outfall ties into the watercourse. Outfall channels
should join a watercourse at no more than 90 degrees, with angles less than 45 degrees preferred. Wherever possible, outfalls should be
located in geomorphically stable locations to protect against impacts from anticipated planform adjustment of the watercourse. Storm
sewer outfalls to regulated watercourses require a permit from the Conservation Authority. Storm sewer outfall design is to be submitted to
the Municipality as part of the full engineering submission.
Outfalls to natural watercourses should discharge at or above the average water elevation of the watercourse. If high water levels cause the
submergence of the outlet, the impact of the submergence on the sewer system must be assessed in the hydraulic design of the storm
sewer. The obvert of the outlet shall be above the 25 year flood elevation of the receiving channel. Storm sewer outfalls discharging directly
to Lake Ontario will need to consider the potential problem of dynamic beaches and the potential obstruction of the outlet .The outfall's
invert should be located above the 100 year lake elevation of 75.7 m. An access road with a minimum width of 4 m and cross fall of 2%
should be provided to outfalls . Should the outfall be within a fenced area, gate access shall be provided. Outfalls shall be provided with
safeguards to prevent entry by unauthorized personnel into the outfall. Ontario Provincial Standard Drawings (OPSD), should be followed to
determine what outfall sizes require grates to prevent unauthorized entry. Grates shall be installed with means for locking. Provisions must
be made for opening or removing the grate for cleaning purposes. Grates should be designed to break away or swing open under extreme
hydraulic loads due to blockage. Outfalls should be made as safe as possible by utilizing fencing along the headwalls and wingwalls to
prevent accidental falls. Submerged outfalls need to be specifically designed to withstand freeze-thaw cycles and ice dams.
In order to minimize the flow rate from foundation drains, piezometer tests shall be completed prior to design and construction to determine
the seasonal high water level. Foundation elevations should then be set 500 mm higher than the seasonally high water table.Lots shall be
constructed with a storm sewer extension from the storm sewer system to the surface or subsurface adjacent the building. Flow collecting in
the foundation drain shall be pumped to the surface (or subsurface) using a sump pump and into the storm sewer extension and then
conveyed to the storm sewer. A benefit of this configuration is the ability to discharge flow from foundation drains into the storm sewer while
eliminating the risk of basement flooding and avoid surface discharge and nuisance flooding. Flow collecting in the foundation drain shall
be pumped to the surface using a sump pump and then conveyed overland via lot drainage to the street or surface drain.
Infill development projects will consider direct connection of the roof leaders and foundation drains on a site specific basis, but this
generally will not be permitted. For those projects, there will be no direct connection of foundation drains or roof leaders to the minor system.
Flows in excess of the minor system capacity (i.e., during periods of surcharging or higher intensity events) are referred to as the major
system flow. The major system inherently comprises the minor system, as well as the overland route followed by runoff not captured by the
minor system (i.e., either due to excessive flow or operational failures). Common elements of the major system include roadways, swales,
ponds, dedicated blocks, outfall channels, natural streams and valleys. Major system flow paths shall be in public ownership. In extenuating
circumstances major system flow paths may be allowed on private property provided that an easement in favour of the municipality is
provided at the Owner's cost.
The major system shall safely convey drainage from the Regulatory Storm, defined as the larger of the 100 year storm or the Regional
Storm, to an appropriate outlet without causing damage to private property and with minimum inconvenience to the public. Calculations and
model results (i.e., OTTSWMM or PCSWMM) must be provided to demonstrate that the overland flow route has sufficient capacity to
convey this flow. Where the major system is receiving flow from a stormwater management facility it must be sized to convey the flow from
the uncontrolled Regulatory storm (i.e., the peak flow into the pond). The extent and top elevation of the major system flow path are to be
shown on the grading plan drawings.
In all cases, the proponent of a development site shall investigate and determine the direction and hydraulic capacity of the conveyance
path for the existing major system flow from the site to a watercourse. The purpose of this investigation is to determine if a suitable overland
flow route of sufficient hydraulic capacities exists, which is acceptable to the Municipality.
If the proposed major system overland flow route is accepted by the Municipality, storm runoff is allowed to discharge off-site. If no
approved or adequate overland flow route exists, then all events up to the Regulatory Storm must be detained on-site and released at the
allowable release rate into the minor system.
The overland flow (major) system within the subject development site shall be designed to accommodate and/or convey the major storm
flow, that is, the rainfall runoff resulting from the subject site and any external tributary areas using the Regulatory Storm without causing
flood damage to proposed and adjacent public and private properties. Overland flow routes discharging to watercourses shall be designed
to ensure the long-term stability of the overland flow path and to prevent erosion to the receiving system. They shall be designed to convey
the uncontrolled Regulatory storm flow, defined as the larger of the 100 year or Regional storm flow, to the watercourse. Prior to entering the
receiving system the overland flow route should incorporate measures to dissipate energy. To the greatest extent possible they shall be
blended into the natural surroundings, in an aesthetically pleasing manner. Exit velocities shall not impart additional erosion potential to the
streambed and banks. Major systems shall not outlet at the top of valley walls.
The proponent should position the outlet to minimize the angle at which the overland flow route ties into the creek. Overland flow routes to
regulated watercourses require a permit from the Conservation Authority. Notwithstanding the MTO's drainage policy and guidelines, it is
required that new roadway culverts and bridges have sufficient capacity to pass the Regulatory Flood in order to avoid adverse backwater
Allowable Regulatory storm flood depths and velocities on roadways should be determined based on the standards within the current
version of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Natural Hazards Technical Guidelines.
Storm Drainage System Design
It must be shown that the site provides safe conveyance of both the minor storm and regulatory flows from both the subject site and any
external lands, through the development to a sufficient outlet, with no adverse impact to either the upstream or downstream landowners. A
sufficient outlet constitutes: a permanently flowing watercourse or lake; a public right of way (provided the proponent has obtained written
permission to discharge storm flows from the land owner); or in the case of privately owned lands, a legal right of discharge registered on
title.Any interim servicing conditions should be identified.
Stormwater Management Facility Design
Pre-development conditions must be indicated including: hydrologic parameters used for modelling, and pre-development peak flow rate
for the erosion control event (i.e., 25 mm 4 hour Chicago storm or subwatershed specific criteria) and pre-development peak flow rates for
the 2 year, 5 year, 10 year, 25 year, 50 year, and 100 year design storms for the critical storm distribution and duration (i.e., must look at 1
hour and 12 hour AES distributions) for each sub catchment.
Post-development conditions must be provided including: hydrologic parameters used for modelling, and post-development peak flow rate
and detention time for the erosion control event (ie. 25 mm 4 hour Chicago storm or subwatershed specific criteria) and post-development
peak flow rates for the the 2 year, 5 year, 10 year, 25 year, 50 year, and 100 year design storms for the critical storm distribution and
duration (i.e. must look at 1 hour and 12 hour AES distributions) for each sub catchment. A table summarizing the critical storm analysis
must be included in support of the storm selected for Stormwater management facility.
The WSEL's adjacent the site and downstream of the SWM facility outlet structure must be indicated to ensure the appropriate hydraulic
calculations should backwater conditions exist. If required, thermal mitigation measures must be clearly identified and described for any
proposed SWM facility. The water balance methodology must be provided along with input parameters, summary of results, proposed
siting, and functioning of any proposed infiltration measures. It must be demonstrated that sufficient measures are provided to meet the
required level of water quality control per the established guidelines. It must be demonstrated that sufficient measures are provided to
achieve the required level of erosion control per the established guidelines.
Fee: For Residential Projects including Custom Build Homes and Additions - $1,295
For Multi Residential, Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Projects - $2,475.
Call us Anytime - 24 Hours a Day - 7 Days a Week
Text Message: 416 727 8336
Our stormwater management engineers provide stormwater management reports/ plans for properties located in the following municipalities:
City of Brant, City of Brantford, Town of Haldimand, City of Hamilton, City of Kawartha Lakes, Town of Norfolk, City of Prince Edward, City of Toronto
City of Oshawa, City of Pickering, Municipality of Clarington, Town of Ajax, Town of Whitby, Township of Brock, Township of Scugog, Township of
City of Burlington, Town of Halton Hills, Town of Milton, Town of Oakville
City of Niagara Falls, City of Port Colborne, City of St. Catharines, City of Thorold, City of Welland, Town of Fort Erie, Town of Grimsby, Town of Lincoln,
Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake, Town of Pelham, Township of Wainfleet, Township of West Lincoln
City of Brampton, City of Mississauga, Town of Caledon
City of Cambridge, City of Kitchener, City of Waterloo, Township of North Dumfries, Township of Wellesley, Township of Wilmot, Township of Woolwich
City of Vaughan, Town of Aurora, Town of East Gwillimbury, Town of Georgina, City of Markham, Town of Newmarket, Town of Richmond Hill, Town of
Whitchurch-Stouffville, Township of King
Town of Grand Valley, Town of Mono, Town of Orangeville, Town of Shelburne, Township of Amaranth, Township of East Garafraxa, Township of
Melancthon, Township of Mulmur
City of St Thomas, Municipality of Bayham, Municipality of Central Elgin, Municipality of Dutton/Dunwich, Municipality of West Elgin, Town of Aylmer,
Township of Malahide, Township of Southwold
City of Belleville (Separated), City of Quinte West, Municipality of Centre Hastings, Municipality of Hastings Highlands, Municipality of Marmora and
Lake, Municipality of Tweed, Town of Bancroft, Town of Deseronto, Township of Carlow/Mayo, Township of Faraday, Township of Limerick, Township of
Madoc, Township of Stirling-Rawdon, Township of Tudor & Cashel, Township of Tyendinaga, Township of Wollaston
Lennox and Addington
Town of Greater Napanee, Township of Addington Highlands, Township of Loyalist, Township of Stone Mills
City of London, Municipality of North Middlesex, Municipality of Southwest Middlesex, Municipality of Thames Centre, Township of Adelaide Metcalfe,
Township of Lucan Biddulph, Township of Middlesex Centre, Township of Strathroy - Caradoc, Village of Newbury
Municipality of Brighton, Town of Cobourg, Municipality of Port Hope, Municipality of Trent Hills, Township of Alnwick/Haldimand, Township of Cramahe,
Township of Hamilton
City of Woodstock, Town of Ingersoll, Town of Tillsonburg, Township of Blandford Blenheim, Township of East Zorra-Tavistock, Township of Norwich,
Township of South-West Oxford, Township of Zorra
City of Stratford, Municipality of North Perth, Town of St. Marys, Township of Perth East, Township of Perth South, Municipality of West Perth
City of Peterborough, Township of Asphodel-Norwood, Township of Cavan Monaghan, Township of Douro-Dummer, Township of Havelock-Belmont-
Methuen, Township of North Kawartha, Township of Otonabee-South Monaghan, Township of Selwyn, Municipality of Trent Lakes
City of Barrie, City of Orillia, Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury, Town of Collingwood, Town of Innisfil, Town of Midland, Town of New Tecumseth,
Town of Penetanguishene, Town of Wasaga Beach, Township of Adjala-Tosorontio, Township of Clearview, Township of Essa, Township of Oro-
Medonte, Township of Ramara, Township of Severn, Township of Springwater, Township of Tay, Township of Tiny
City of Guelph, Town of Erin, Town of Minto, Township of Centre Wellington, Township of Guelph-Eramosa, Township of Mapleton, Township of
Puslinch, Township of Wellington North
Conservation Authorities in Ontario
Catfish Creek
Central Lake Ontario
Credit Valley
Crowe Valley
Essex Region
, Grand River, Halton Region, Hamilton, Kawartha Region, Kettle Creek,
Lake Simcoe Region, Long Point Region, Lower Trent, Niagara Peninsula, Nottawasaga Valley, Otonabee Region, Quinte, Raisin Region, Saugeen
Valley, Toronto and Region
As the grading and storm water management designs are inter-related it is recommended that the engineer and/or engineering firm that
designed the site grading also develop the storm water management scheme.
We have recently prepared Stormwater Management Reports for the following construction projects:
Industrial Warehouse Addition in Mississauga
New Construction of an Industrial Building in Mississauga
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Addition to a Commercial Retail Building in Oakville
Medium Size Condominium Office Building in Mississauga
Construction of an Infill Custom Home in Pickering
Construction of Commercial Condominium Building in Richmond Hill
Construction of a Gas Station with a Convenience Store and a Drive-Through Coffee Shop in Brampton
Construction of a Condominium Retail Commercial Building in Ajax
Construction of a Multi Storey Office Building in Burlington
Construction of a Medical Building in Vaughan
Construction of a High-rise Condominium Apartment Building in Toronto
Construction of a Commercial Retail Plaza in Oshawa
Conversion of a Commercial/Industrial Building as a Private School in North York (Toronto)
Construction of an Infill Custom Home in Etobicoke (Toronto)
Construction of a Small Commercial Condominium Building in Aurora
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Construction of a Small Commercial Building in Newmarket
Construction of an Industrial Building in Mississauga
Addition to an Existing Industrial Building in Mississauga
Construction of an Infill Custom Home in Markham
Construction of a Commercial Retail Condominium Building in Oakville
Addition to an Existing Medium Size Office Building in Toronto
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Construction of a Custom Build Home in Richmond Hill
Construction of a Banquet Hall Building in Toronto
Construction of a Condominium Retail Commercial Building in Mississauga
Construction of a Restaurant Building in Burlington
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Construction of a Medical Building in Brampton
Construction of a Small Commercial Building in Ajax
Addition to an Industrial Building in Aurora
Construction of a Gas Station with a Car Wash and Convenience Store in Newmarket
Addition to a Commercial Building in Brampton


text:
I love blue hehe:) OH AND!puppies but I like kittys better buuuuuutt I'm allergic :( / :)!;) :D ;D
I'm so awssooooooooomeeeeee and I'm so crazy it's like I'm drunk hahahahahahahahaha :P
bleep bloop blop blolpel klekle klakla bloop bla!
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JessicaHarding Mar 25, 2012 02:59AM
Can you all vote for a book called catching hearts it the thing down below this her username it's a sequel to the Love GamesIt's kinda like the hunger games pleasssssssssseeeer VOTE VOTE VOTE! It wo...View all Conversations
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just some weird thingy hehe!!
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
This guy wanted to show the world a test drive of his Apple watch. It didn't end quite how he expected.
A dangerous combination of a tiny screen, a big finger and the Amazon app caused this lad to accidentally order an Xbox One.
In other news, the Apple watch doesn't accept fart apps
This will come as disappointing news for those who have always had a burning desire to make fart noises on their wrists. The developer of the 'Fart Watch' app told CultOfMac that he was informed it is not compatible and won't be accepted, due to the following terms:
2.11 – Apps that duplicate Apps already in the App Store may be rejected, particularly if there are many of them, such as fart, burp, flashlight, and Kama Sutra Apps
8.1 – Apps must comply with all terms and conditions explained in the Guidelines for Using Apple Trademarks and Copyrights and the Apple Trademark List
2.11 Details
We noticed that your Apple Watch app is primarily a fart app. We do not accept fart apps on Apple Watch.


text:
here is the intro... i am fairly new to picking out tunes just by listening, and this is
first tab ever, but i know this to be correct... just listen to the song. anyone that
tell me if these notes are quarter, sixteenth, or eith notes please let me
standard tuning... sounds good in half step down as well.... enjoy
e or eb|------------------------------------------------------------------|
B or Bb|------------------------------------------------------------------|
G or Gb|-----3-h5----7-5---5----------------------------------------------|
D or Db|-----------------7---7--5---5-------------------------------------|
A or Ab|--------------------------7---7--5---5----------------------------|
E or Eb|-----------------------------------7---7--5s3~~~~~~~~-------------|
also sounds good if you slide from the h5 to the 7 on the G string just before you pick
well on an acoustic guitar anyway... which this song is great to play on an acoustic.
Submit corrections


text:
Home to all things epic & awesome.
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Oh so cute and cuddly, this soft, fuzzy beanie from Turtle Fur will cradle his cranium in cozy warmth and comfort. 2 layers of plush polyester fleece trap warmth and offer itch-free comfort against the skin. - $12.00
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You are currently using an unsupported web browser.
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The PuLi Hotel and Spa is located in the very heart of Shanghai within the JingAn District. Our luxury urban resort offers 6 flexible venues to host exclusive and intimate events for up to 150 guests with views over the JingAn Park and the city.


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* free shipping on orders over $75 *
The family tree necklace I purchased was absolutely beautiful! I got it as a gift for my grandma's 90th birthday and had all of her grandchildren and great grandchildren's initials put on it.
Sign up with your email address to receive sales information and updates when new items are launched. You will also receive a coupon for 25% off your purchase!
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& Showtimes
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A man and a woman fall through the ceiling, landing in a compromising position. He makes a lewd comment and she gets off him quickly.
The whole movie has people shooting each other and at each other.Many people are killed.One man's head is blown off. No blood or gore shown. Body seen in darkness. In unrated version, we shortly that his head is decapitated.One of the criminal's body is seen after it has been experimented on. The viewing is brief, but slightly gory.A few people are stabbed.One character is stabbed in the chest (not shown), but he backs up into camera view and his shirt is seen getting bloody where stabbed.Some people are seen finding bomb devices and then the bomb explodes, killing them. A man shoots himself in the head . A man shoves his cigarette lighter into another man's face, burning it. An inmate is about to stab the woman but the main character thwarted him.
One f-word and other cuss words such as G*d*mnit, sh*t, a**hole
One of the main characters is seen smoking a few times throughout the movie.
Rated PG-13: (for strong intense action violence, language throughout including some sexual references and disturbing content)Not recommended for 15 and below if the film is unrated.
Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet!


text:
Shuttler Jayaram aims for consistency in 2014
New Delhi: India`s top shuttler Ajay Jayaram is aiming for consistency in the new year, something that he lacked in 2013 and which was the main reason behind his failure to break into the world`s top-10.
The World No.24 made some quarterfinal appearances in Super Series events this year and won the inaugural Indian Badminton League (IBL) tournament with Hyderabad Hotshots.
"I have had some good performances in 2013. Reached about three-four quarterfinals in Super Series. But I have lacked consistency and that has affected my rankings. I got some good wins in tournaments but failed to keep up the momentum. Somehow I lost my focus," Jayaram told IANS Saturday on the sidelines of the senior nationals at the Siri Fort Sports Complex here.
For the 26-year-old the win in the IBL remains the only high of 2013.
"It has still been a good year especially with the win in IBL. I helped my team win and won the match in the final too. Overall, I would say I am reasonably happy with the season."
Last year, Jayaram was left heartbroken after he failed to qualify for the 2012 London Games by a whisker. Jayaram should have qualified by virtue of his superior rankings but he was overtaken by Parupalli Kashyap by the cut-off date of May 3.
"It is a matter of consistency and you have to just keep at it which gives you confidence, which I think Kashyap had got. That is why he did well. I am quite confident that I will get there as well. I just have to be positive and keep believing in myself and hopefully I will get into the top-10 by next year end," said Jayaram.
The Mumbaikar is focussed on the Korea Open Super Series (Jan 7-12) and Malaysia Open Super Series Premier (Jan 14-19).
"I don`t have any points to defend so it is a good chance to increase my ranking. More importantly, what I would focus on is to get to quarterfinals and semi-finals on a more regular basis which means I will have to get past the seeded players on a consistent basis," said Jayaram, who trains under coach Tom John in Bangalore.
Jayaram feels that a major win is just round the corner.
"As of now I am feeling very good about myself. Most Indian players in the past have won their major titles when they were 27-28. In the next two years, I definitely need to get some big win and I am quite confident of that to happen," added Jayaram.


text:
20 Things They Don't Tell You About UAVs
The energy, enthusiasm and the inventiveness that is going into UAV* technology these days is truly remarkable. There has been a proliferation of manufacturers, suppliers, users and conferences promoting the technology. We have all seen stunning video clips and images taken from UAVs – the low altitude aerial perspective enables unique views of a wide sweep of surrounds as well as the foreground focus of attention.
In July 2012 I attended the ESRI International User Conference in San Diego and assisted a UAV manufacturer on their trade exhibit, fielding questions from potential customers of this technology. It was a revelation, not only because of the technology, but because of the reaction of the punters. I could see it in their eyes. Everyone wanted to do this for a job. "Get paid to have fun? I'm in!" Read more


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the website.
This step is noncompulsory but will drastically multiply your chances of people actually reading your profile and contacting you. Tell people about yourself, your pasttimes and upload your nicest photo of yourself.
Utilise our website's sophisticated search to encounter members who match your requirements. Or just flip through listings and encounter folks that arouse your interest.
Found someone who looks suitable? Send them a few words or just a wink and wait for their response. With a little luck you'll be on your way to discovering your ideal partner.
It doesn't take long


text:
Boy, 6, injured in ATV accident in Mims
MIMS, Fla. - A 6-year-old boy in Brevard County had to be flown to Arnold Palmer Children's Hospital after suffering a head injury from an ATV accident.
The ATV crashed on Springfield Avenue in Mims just before 7 p.m. Wednesday.
Witnessed said neither the boy nor his father were wearing helmets.
Florida Highway Patrol troopers are investigating the crash.
Officials have not said the boy's condition.
Stay with Eyewitness News for updates.


text:
Rae Sremmurd Black Beatles Ft Gucci Mane Piano Tutorial By Peter Plutax
Welcome to listen to the song "Rae Sremmurd Black Beatles Ft Gucci Mane Piano Tutorial By Peter Plutax". If this song is the copyright belongs to you, please send a DMCA removal request by e-mail to: [email protected], we will process at least 72 hours after we received your mail. For fast report of DMCA removal, you can report by click DMCA Report button below.
|Rae Sremmurd - Black Beatles ft. Gucci Mane - Piano Tutorial by Peter PlutaX
| Download Simply Piano for FREE : http://m.onelink.me/642bb14b
Want to learn the piano? Here's the quickest and easiest way: http://tinyurl.com/peter-flowkey
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|Download as MP3 | Download as MP4


text:
THE High Street is getting a £100million boost as families stock up for the
cold snap.
With temperatures below zero and snow spreading across the country, the amount
of goods bought to battle the weather has soared by up to 200 per cent.
In Marks & Spencer, sales of coats are 95 per cent up on a year ago and
thermals 75 per cent.
In Sainsbury's, hats, gloves and scarves are up 200 per cent for men and
100 per cent for women.
Debenhams is also reporting a 40 per cent rise in the number of high tog
duvets being sold — with a 165 per cent increase in electric blankets.
The rush came as temperatures hit -11°C (12°F) early yesterday.
Four inches of snow is set to fall in most places between noon and midnight
today. Around two inches has already fallen in some areas. The most severe
weather has been recorded on the continent where 222 people have died.


text:
want the
Hi,how about posting his email address or web site? :D
When a $40.00 cost is advertised as a $20,000 value, well...........somebody is stretching the truth.
For $40.00 you will NEVER, ever, ever get the perfect cam BECAUSE you will NEVER, ever have all the perfect data to imput into the program to GIVE you a perfect cam design.
For $40.00 you'll get a reasonable cam for the application but I'll bet you a dollar it's just a standard off the shelf lobe.
Also, these cam programs have been around since the advent of DOS. It's a tool like everything else.
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Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15210
United States
|Areas of Practice
|1) Civil Litigation, 2) Civil Rights, 3) Medical Malpractice and 4) Products Liability
|University of Pittsburgh (B.A., magna cum laude, 1
|Most recent firm
|SPK - The Law Firm of Swensen, Perer & Kontos
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Counsel The candidate will support Retail Bank deposit products and operations businesses. These businesses deliver products and services that include checking and savings accounts, certificates of ...
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Senior Paralegal
Senior Paralegal Duties: Will be joining the legal team supporting business and finance and capital markets areas of the bank. Primary area of focus will be supporting commercial lending, treasury m...
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Litigation Attorney The candidate must have 3-7 years of experience in areas of general casualty litigation, mass tort and/or products liability experience. West Virginia Bar admission is required. O...
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A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.
Benjamin P. Smith is a partner in Morgan Lewis's Litigation Practice. He is a trial lawyer with a particular focus on high-stakes disputes in the biotechnology, medical device, and internet industries.


text:
Find Hotels in Sharjah
Sharjah Hotels and Accommodations
Search, compare and book cheap Sharjah hotels. Find your ideal Sharjah hotel at a great price. Browse reviews, photos and locate your Sharjah hotel on the map. Whether you are a budget or luxury traveller, or looking for a Sharjah accommodation on a business trip, ZUJI gives you the choice and flexibility so that your memorable stay at Sharjah begins here. We know how much a hassle-free booking, instant confirmation and having 24/7 customer support means to you. So look no further. Book cheap Sharjah hotels with ZUJI today.


text:
A $4-million house perched on the edge of a ravine in the desirable South Hill area of Toronto recently found new owners after a full year on the market.
The buyers first toured the house in the spring of 2012, then kept looking. They came back 12 months later because they couldn't find anything else that compared to the location, says real estate agent Jimmy Molloy of Chestnut Park Real Estate Ltd.
Mr. Molloy represented the homeowners during the time it took to actually strike a deal. He says that property is a good barometer of high-end real estate in Toronto this year: houses are selling, but they are sitting for longer. Sellers are not offering firesale prices and buyers are patient.
"It's tough. I can't say I haven't done business, but it's hard work," Mr. Molloy said.
In the upper echelons of Toronto real estate, properties are listed for $1.8-million to $10-million and above. One Toronto business titan has just quietly listed his house on Old Forest Hill Road with an asking price of $20-million.
In all of those segments, many agents say they are working longer to bring deals to fruition.
High-priced neighbourhoods such as Rosedale, Forest Hill and Lawrence Park still entice buyers, but the potential purchasers are not worried that prices are rocketing upwards the way they were in the past few years, says Mr. Molloy.
"People aren't pricing in appreciation – they're pricing in flatness."
During the dizzying spring markets of 2011 and 2012, for example, buyers were more willing to throw an extra $100,000 into an offer because all of the momentum was upwards. People who weren't planning to flip the house were confident it would appreciate, so they didn't worry about paying more than the current market value.
This year, that intangible momentum has slowed and the market is more balanced between sellers and buyers.
"It's still a very good market. The buyers are so savvy today, they know what everything trades at," says Mr. Molloy. "It's good – that's why the Toronto market has stayed strong."
Matthew Sapera, a builder of carriage trade houses, recently purchased a lot in Forest Hill for just under $5-million.
He plans to spend approximately 18 months building a house of 8,000 or so square feet. The classically proportioned, Georgian-style house will sit on an 80-by-175-foot lot in a prime block of Dunvegan Road, and Mr. Sapera is not worried that he could be building during a declining market. Prices in the core of the city only seem to be going up, he says, and many buyers have the money to spend on houses with high ceilings, large principal rooms and modern amenities. While high-end construction has slowed somewhat this spring, he says, that softness is likely temporary.
"In the core, there's quite a bit of work going on. I know four projects on Dunvegan alone."
Mr. Sapera says the project could find a buyer immediately, and he will then build the house to that owner's specifications.
"There are a lot of people who don't want to go through the process on their own because it can take three or four years," he says of the time it takes to hire an architect, obtain permits and then build.
Another person who isn't worried about Mr. Sapera's plan is his mother. Ethel Sapera of Royal LePage Real Estate Services Ltd., Johnston and Daniel Division, has been selling real estate for more than 33 years and she helped her son acquire the property.
She says business has been picking up in the past few weeks, with several multi-million dollar deals passing through her office.
Meanwhile, buyers in China and Russia are still keen to own in Toronto and many international buyers prefer new houses.
"I have clients who are looking for a large lot," she says.
Part of the cooling in the 2013 spring market has likely been caused by frosty temperatures that lingered right through May, James Warren says, an agent with the Johnston and Daniel Division of Royal LePage Real Estate Services Ltd.
"We just got the icebergs out of the streets three weeks ago," jokes Mr. Warren, who recently listed a house on Crescent Road in Rosedale with a cascading garden styled after an Italian villa and listed under heritage protection. The listing hit the market three weeks later than he would have liked because the perennials weren't yet in bloom.
"You want to have access to a beautiful garden."
In a typical spring in the C9 area, which includes high-priced Rosedale, about 46 houses sell for prices above $1.8-million , says Mr. Warren. This year, he estimates, the tally will be approximately half that.
"Supply is down considerably."
Mr. Warren is working with a couple of prospective buyers who have budgets of $8-million and $9-million respectively. They haven't been able to find the right properties because listings are scarce and some sellers are not being realistic about their asking price, he says.
"If the seller won't pay attention, they move on."
In the luxury segment, says Mr. Warren, most properties are selling for 95 or 96 per cent of the asking price. In years past, Mr. Warren says, negotiations tended to be more adversarial.
"You really just have to sit down with the other agent and say, 'Let's get this done, '" Mr. Warren says. Meanwhile, he is hoping that more listings will stream onto the market.
"A lot of buyers right now are sitting on the fence. To get them off the fence, we have to meet their price or we have to get more product that's tasty."Report Typo/Error
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text:
Beyond Belief
The Secret Gospel of Thomas
Elaine Pagels
This book is available for download with iBooks on your Mac or iOS device, and with iTunes on your computer. Books can be read with iBooks on your Mac or iOS device.
In Beyond Belief, renowned religion scholar Elaine Pagels continues her groundbreaking examination of the earliest Christian texts, arguing for an ongoing assessment of faith and a questioning of religious orthodoxy.
Spurred on by personal tragedy and new scholarship from an international group of researchers, Pagels returns to her investigation of the "secret" Gospel of Thomas, and breathes new life into writings once thought heretical. As she arrives at an ever-deeper conviction in her own faith, Pagels reveals how faith allows for a diversity of interpretations, and that the "rogue" voices of Christianity encourage and sustain "the recognition of the light within us all."
From Publishers Weekly
© Publishers Weekly
- $10.99
- Category: Religion & Spirituality
- Published: May 04, 2004
- Publisher: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
- Seller: Penguin Random House LLC
- Print Length: 272 Pages
- Language: English


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 30, 1995
|Filing date
|Jan 28, 1993
|Priority date
|Jan 29, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Thierry Arnaud, Bruno Defretin
|Original Assignee
|Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.A.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (14), Classifications (8), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to telephone sets including a speech amplifier for transmitting on a loud-speaker the voice of the correspondent.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
FIG. 1 schematically shows a simplified architecture of a telephone set with a speech amplifier. A telephone line (not shown) is connected to an active terminal E and to a ground terminal G. The voltage available between terminal E and ground is referenced VL and the line current is referenced IL.
The telephone set comprises a template and supply circuit 10 for an amplifier 12 connected to a loud-speaker 13. Template circuit 10 is designed to establish a standard characteristic VL =f(IL) of line voltage VL versus line current IL. The current consumed to establish this characteristic is used to supply amplifier 12.
Circuit 10 comprises a voltage to current converter 15 having a transconductance G, supplied by the line voltage VL, and injecting a current I0 into a capacitor C connected to ground and into amplifier 12. The input voltage of converter 15 is established to a value VL -V1 by a constant voltage source V1 connected between terminal E and the input of converter 15.
This configuration achieves, on the one hand, a supply current I0 of amplifier 12 increasing as a function of the line voltage VL and, on the other hand, the characteristic VL =f(IL) of the template. ("Amplifier supply current" is to be construed as the sum of the currents flowing through amplifier 12 and capacitor C).
The parameters of the template circuit 10 (V1, G) are selected to account for currents consumed by other elements of the telephone set. These other elements comprise a current modulator 16 and additional circuits 17. Additional circuits 17, as for example a microprocessor, consume a constant current I1. Current modulator 16 serves to modulate the line current IL as a function of a speech signal Vm. The current flowing through the modulator is referenced Im and has a d.c. component Im0. Thus, at any time, there is a mean line current IL =I0 +Im0 +I1. Within this disclosure, a current modulator is defined as a device which adds an AC component to a DC current, wherein the AC component is proportional to a voltage input to the device.
FIG. 2 illustrates a particular embodiment of a template circuit 10 using current mirror circuitry which is particularly suitable for integrated circuit design. Circuit 10 comprises a current mirror M1 connected to terminal E and receiving at its input a reference current i0, which is low as compared to line current IL. Current mirror M1 is a multiplier by a factor K, which factor is high with respect to 1 (approximately 40) and provides the supply current I0 (=Ki0) for amplifier 12. Reference current i0 is drawn by a current generator 18, generally a shunt regulator, comprising a voltage to current converter 19 having a transconductance g. Converter 19 is connected to a voltage source V1 in the same configuration as source V1 and converter 15 of FIG. 1. This configuration is equivalent to circuit 10 of FIG. 1 with Kg=G. Elements of such circuits are described in the data sheet of the SGS Thompson Microelectronics TEA 7063 Speech Circuit With Power Management Device.
In practice, in order to have modulator 16 modulating line current IL with a sufficiently high amplitude, it needs a quiescent current im0 of approximately 5 mA. In addition, current I1 consumed by the additional circuits 17 is approximately 5 mA.
The available line current IL can, according to the nature and length of the line, have a low value, approximately 15 mA only; hence, only a low current (5 mA) is available to supply amplifier 12 (not taking into account a current close to i0 used by the template circuit 10 and not provided to the amplifier).
PCT application 8,503,614 describes a particular architecture of a telephone set having a speech amplifier, wherein the line modulation current is exploited to supply the speech amplifier, which adds the quiescent current of the modulator to the supply current of the speech amplifier.
However, the solution used in the above PCT application for exploiting the modulation current is not applicable to architectures using current mirrors, such as that of FIG. 2.
An object of the invention is to exploit the modulation current to supply the speech amplifier in a telephone set architecture using current mirrors.
This object is achieved with a telephone set connected to a telephone line and comprising: a generator of a reference current i0 proportional to the difference of an available line voltage VL and a reference voltage V1 ; a current mirror receiving an input current proportional to the reference current and supplying a speech amplifier with a current which is great with respect to the input current; and a current modulator, whose quiescent current is established by the reference current and providing the input current to the mirror.
The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1, above described, schematically shows a conventional architecture of a telephone set with a speech amplifier;
FIG. 2, above described, shows in more detail the architecture of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is intended to show the principle of exploiting a modulation current for supplying a speech amplifier; and
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a telephone set according to the invention.
In the drawings, same references designate same elements.
In FIG. 3, a modulator is incorporated in the supply circuit 10 of amplifier 12 and the quiescent current of the modulator constitutes the supply current of amplifier 12. The quiescent current of this modulator is selected to be equal to the sum of the conventional supply current I0 plus the quiescent current Im0 of the conventional modulator 16. Thus, current Im0, instead of being consumed uselessly contributes to increase the current provided to amplifier 12. The term "conventional" within the context of this specification, refers to, for example, a SGS Thompson Microelectronics TEA 7063 Speech Circuit With Power Management Device.
A summer 20 is disposed at the input of converter 15. Summer 20 receives as an input the voltage of source V1 and the speech signal Vm. Thus, at the input of converter 15, the conventional voltage VL -V1 is still applied. The speech signal Vm is superimposed on the voltage VL -V1 by summer 20.
With this configuration, those skilled in the art will be able to readjust voltage V1 so that, in the absence of speech signal Vm, the output current of converter 15 (therefore the supply current of amplifier 12) is equal to I0 +Im0. Then, the mean line current IL is exactly expressed in the same way as for FIG. 1, that is, by IL =I0 + I1 + Im0. The telephone set therefore complies with the template VL =f(IL) requirement. The maximum amplitude of speech signal Vm can be readjusted so that the line current IL is modulated with an adequate amplitude.
Thus, as compared with the example of FIG. 1, the current provided to amplifier 12 is increased by Im0, that is, by the value (5 mA) of the quiescent current of the conventional modulator 16. In the example where the line current IL reaches a minimum value of 15 mA, the current provided to amplifier 12 has a value practically twice as high as in a conventional telephone set.
FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a telephone set 35 according to the invention, adapted to the conventional architecture of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 shows again the current generator 18 and current mirror M1.
According to the invention, here the reference current i0, normally provided by generator 18 to mirror M1, is supplied to the input of a current mirror M2 connected to terminal E. Mirror M2 distributes current i0 among a resistor R connected to a reference voltage Vref and the collector of a transistor Q1 having its emitter connected to ground. The base of transistor Q1 is connected to the output of an operational amplifier 34 having its non-inverting input connected to the collector of transistor Q1, its inverting input receiving speech signal Vm. A transistor Q2 is connected in parallel to the base and emitter of transistor Q1 and its collector is connected to the input of mirror M1; this arrangement duplicates the collector current of transistor Q1 to the input of mirror M1 and multiplies it by a factor p equal to the surface ratio of transistors Q2 and Q1.
With this configuration, speech signal Vm appears at the junction between resistor R and the output of mirror M2. The reference voltage Vref is selected to be equal to the quiescent value of speech signal Vm. Thus, in the absence of speech signal Vm, the entire reference current i0 flows through transistor Q1. A current pi0 therefore appears at the input of mirror M1, and a supply current of amplifier 12 having a value pKi0 appears at the output of mirror M1. The current drawn from the telephone line in the place of current I0 +Im0 of the above drawings is equal here to [2+p(K+1)]i0, this current being essentially current pKi0 supplied to amplifier 12 since K is high (approximately 40) with respect to 1. Those skilled in the art will be able to readjust voltage V1 so as to obtain [2+p(K+1)]i0 =I0 +Im0 in order to comply with the template VL =f(IL) requirement.
When a speech signal Vm is applied, a modulated current flows through resistor R; this current is subtracted from current i0 flowing through transistor Q1. In transistor Q1, a current modulated around i0 flows that is amplified by transistor Q2 and mirror M1 before being drawn from the telephone line. Those skilled in the art will be able to select resistor R so that the line current is modulated with a sufficiently high amplitude.
As is apparent to those skilled in the art, various modifications can be made to the above disclosed embodiments, more particularly in the realization of the modulator.
Having thus described one particular embodiment of the invention, various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements as are made obvious by this disclosure are intended to be part of this disclosure though not expressly stated herein, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended as limiting. The invention is limited only as defined in the following claims and the equivalents thereto.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 28, 1981
|Oct 4, 1983
|Mostek Corporation
|Current supplementation circuit for power supply
|Dec 28, 1981
|Apr 24, 1984
|Mostek Corporation
|Sidetone circuit
|Dec 28, 1981
|Jun 5, 1984
|Mostek Corporation
|Loop length compensation circuit
|Apr 18, 1983
|Apr 23, 1985
|Motorola, Inc.
|Signal processing arrangement
|Dec 11, 1984
|Mar 10, 1987
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Telephone circuit with a class-B amplifier output stage
|Sep 19, 1986
|Mar 15, 1988
|Plessey Overseas Limited
|Telephone instrument
|Feb 12, 1987
|May 3, 1988
|Melita Electronic Labs, Inc.
|Telephone loop current modulator
|Sep 30, 1987
|Jul 11, 1989
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Speech circuit configuration
|Dec 8, 1987
|Aug 8, 1989
|Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
|Apparatus in a loudspeaking telephone set for supplying power to an amplifier connected to the loudspeaker
|Sep 30, 1987
|Jan 16, 1990
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for gain control in telephone sets having an electronic speech circuit, and apparatus for performing the method
|Jul 12, 1989
|Jun 25, 1991
|Northern Telecom Limited
|Speaker drive arrangement for loudspeaker telephone
|Jul 27, 1990
|Oct 22, 1991
|Motorola Inc.
|Amplifier having two operating modes
|Feb 7, 1985
|Aug 15, 1985
|Moses Klaus M
|Circuit arrangement for the electric supply of devices in a telephone set
|patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 10, No. 192 (E 417) (2248) Jul. 5, 1986.
|patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 10, No. 192 (E-417) (2248) Jul. 5, 1986.
|Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 9, No. 280 (E 356)(2003) Nov. 8, 1985.
|Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 9, No. 280 (E-356)(2003) Nov. 8, 1985.
|SGS Thomson Microelectronics TEA7063 Speed Circuit With Power Management Jun. 1990 Datasheet.
|SGS-Thomson Microelectronics TEA7063 "Speed Circuit With Power Management" Jun. 1990 Datasheet.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 6, 1999
|Jul 6, 2004
|Lynk Labs, Inc.
|Data transmission apparatus and method
|Mar 7, 2003
|Apr 4, 2006
|Wai Wu
|Telephony control system with intelligent call routing
|Mar 23, 2006
|Sep 11, 2007
|Wai Wu
|Telephony control system with intelligent call routing
|Mar 5, 2004
|Mar 9, 2010
|Wai Wu
|Method and system for matching entities in an auction
|May 2, 2008
|Feb 22, 2011
|Wai Wu
|Telephony control system with intelligent call routing
|Sep 18, 2006
|Mar 29, 2011
|Toby Heller
|Agent training sensitive call routing system
|Apr 3, 2007
|Oct 30, 2012
|Wai Wu
|Intelligent communication routing system and method
|Mar 28, 2011
|Nov 12, 2013
|Toby Heller
|Agent training sensitive call routing system
|Mar 15, 2013
|Sep 9, 2014
|Wai Wu
|Intelligent communication routing
|Oct 30, 2013
|Mar 3, 2015
|Steven Hoffberg
|Agent training sensitive call routing system
|Mar 8, 2010
|Sep 27, 2016
|Wai Wu
|Method and system for matching entities in an auction
|Mar 2, 2015
|Apr 25, 2017
|Steven M. Hoffberg
|Agent training sensitive call routing system
|Jun 4, 1996
|Dec 18, 1996
|TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH
|Signal coupling circuit in a telephone set
|Jun 4, 1996
|Sep 3, 2003
|ATMEL Germany GmbH
|Signal coupling circuit in a telephone set
|U.S. Classification
|379/395.01, 379/395
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 28, 1993
Owner name: SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS S.A.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARNAUD, THIERRY;DEFRETIN, BRUNO;REEL/FRAME:006629/0458;SIGNING DATES FROM 19930608 TO 19930630
|Nov 24, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 8, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Oct 30, 2006
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#59in FL
Ashes Boutique and Tea Room332 2nd Street S. | Jacksonville Beach, FL
904-270-0220 | Email | Website | Hours
This place should be one of the top tea rooms in Florida. I have had the pleasure of having tea here multiple times, and never have I had a bad experience. The staff and service are excellent, the food and tea are amazing, and the atmosphere is peaceful and welcoming. There is a boutique at the front of the store that is full of wonderful gifts as well. This establishment serves quality loose leaf tea, with a very nice selection. The tea menu always has regular favorites, but also changes up a few things on the plate so you always have something new to enjoy. I went one time and they had a seafood item (I don't care for seafood), and they changed it out for me. I went again 6 months later, and they remembered I didn't like seafood and had changed it out on my tea tray before it even came out of the back. I was amazed that they remembered. Now that is incredible service! If you are anywhere in the vicinity of Jacksonville Beach, this tea room is worth the trip.
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- Joa Harpster Dec 21st '15


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Is this attraction free to the public?
Is this attraction good for small groups (less than four)?
Is gratuity suggested at this attraction?
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Thanks for helping!
Mother Nature at its best ... waited 2 hrs for the morning fog to clear and with the morning sun light been throw on the mountain top... just like Magic... the most stunning...
read more
Mother Nature at its best ... waited 2 hrs for the morning fog to clear and with the morning sun light been throw on the mountain top... just like Magic... the most stunning sight appear ... need to be there to see it. Go at dawn to see the best view and you will remember it for life .
this place is so awesome. i visited on the best season, 6th October which was after the holiday break of china national day. after 5th october to 9th october will be the best because of less people so that you take enjoy the screen quietly and took photos without disturbances. the day after a small snow was the greatest time...
breathtaking scene. the best season for travelling is August to September. Perfect views with mountain & river. Shall take time to feel the nature bit by bit.
so beautiful.. the best place on earth. I wanted to run away from the bus i was on and just disappear and immerse myself in the nature!!
We were a gp of 30 Singaporeans , most are retirees.and seasoned travellers. The trip was rather tiring , spending long hours of coach ride. There was one day ,fr Kuitan to Buerjin, we had our lunch at 8pm. It wasn't really too bad as we had been sharing snacks, like grapes, raisins, nuts, cookies in the coach. As we...
I was there like 10 years ago.There wasn;t any highway to get there. My friend and I needed to ride horse for like 2~3hours from village.
The view is very good~ i like it when it was undeveloped, dont know how it looks nowadays ~
aka Crescent Moon Bend, recommend to walk down the wooden plank path leading down from the bus stop to Kanas river and walk down to Sleeping Dragon Bay. It's about 2km. The other attraction is Fairy Bay which is north of Moon Bay.


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Molly: The Kitchen StaffMature
Molly tentatively tucked a strand of dark brown hair behind her ear, examining her face in the perfectly shiny back of her silver hand. It was cut short now, and sat neatly around the nape of her neck in choppy layers. Her memory was hazy, but she was pretty sure it had tumbled to her waist in thick, curly locks the last time she'd checked. She wondered for a moment why someone felt it necessary to cut it, but the thoughts vanished quickly as she adjusted to her new look, and smiled slightly at her reflection.
"You alright there, missy?"
Molly looked up with a jolt. She was still sitting at the dinner table, where the Captain had told her to wait until she returned with orders. Three men were huddled around the end of the table, all bulky and muscly and scruffy. Coloured patterns adorned their skin, and one - the one who had spoken to her - even had a strange contraption mounted on the side of his face, where his right eye should have been. Short, wide glasses were scattered around them, and a tall bottle of thick, brown liquid stood proudly at the centre of all the action.
"Don't look at us like that, darlin'," another one said. "We don't bite. You ever play cards before?"
Molly's face lit up, her stomach momentarily filling with excitement and nervousness. "Yes," she said.
"Well, come on, let's see what you've got!" the man with the mechanical eye said, tugging at the chair next to him. "What's your name, missy?"
"Molly Penniwell." The name spewed from her lips as quickly and as easily as it had when Katrina had asked her. The surname. In all her years with Mr. Meriwether, she'd never succeeded in zoning in on a surname to pin to herself. But when Katrina had asked her.... it was as though she'd never forgotten it. "I'm.... I'm a friend of Captain Katrina's. I believe I'm to start schooling the young people on board."
Some kind of explanation seemed necessary, and it felt good, seeing as she'd had very little to explain to the Captain a few hours ago. Something back then had held her from back from telling Katrina about Mr. Meriwether, but it didn't make much sense. Who was left for her to protect? Mr. Meriwether? He was safe in his grave by now, beyond any earthly dangers. Herself? Of course. The urge to conceal herself had been paramount in her mind since the moment she'd woken up. But who else? It wasn't as though Warren could possibly be a threat to as fantastic and as strong a woman as Katrina.
"Call me Cups," the man with the mechanical eye said with a crooked smile. He extended his hand and Molly shook it heartily. It was wrinkled and soft, but warm like his smile. "And this here is Dom and Quentin. We're the kitchen staff on board this fine specimen of voyage." The other two nodded, with tight smiles, obviously not as sociable as the older man.
"Hello there," Molly said with a smile. "I used to cook a little. I.... I like to bake muffins," she felt it necessary to add. "Maybe I could assist you in the kitchen some time."
"Wonderful! It'd be nice to have a female touch around the place every so often."
Dom began to shuffle a deck of cards in his hand with the speed of an airship propeller. "Yes. But no culinary prowess or feminine charm is going to spare you if you can't play your cards right." His voice was deep and sincere.
"Well, the feminine charm might, if you keep eyeing her up like that and losing control of your.... Little friend," Quentin smirked, eyeing the bulge in Dom's trousers. Dom scowled and kissed at him in indignation.
Cups grinned, amused, and turned back towards Molly. "Miss Penniwell, are you familiar with the charming game of blackjack?"
Molly smiled. "No. But I'm a quick learner."
"Then sit your arse down beside me, get your lips around a drop o' rum, and let's see if your walk is as good as your talk."


text:
There is a Way (1 of 2) by Jerry Watts
This content is part of a series.There is a Way (1 of 2)
Series: There is a Way
Jerry Watts
Proverbs 14:12; Proverbs 16:25
A few weeks ago I heard Will Graham (son of Franklin and grandson of Billy) quote this verse. For some reason, hearing this text stuck a chord in me. I might add that any time a verse is given two times in scripture, it may be something which we should consider very seriously. (READ)
I am reminded that Jesus said ''TWO TIMES'' - you must be born again - because He meant it. Don't miss that message! If you do, you miss the best this life has to offer AND the only life which is available beyond the grave. Candidly, popular and influential people are on record to say, ''There just has to be more than one way to heaven'' but Jesus says, ''I am the way'' and to follow me, you must be born again. It's not simply important, it is essential - and we don't get a say.
Now we come to the verse that we have just read (QUOTE) and realizing the God put it in His word two times, requires us to take more than a cursory look at it. As I began studying it again, some very practical truths jumped out at me - which are somewhat sobering. Allow me to offer you some concepts, words, and applications which may burn deep into your heart. Many illustrations, both Biblical and Contemporary exists to unpack the truth of this principle, but the one which comes to mind is ''Eve in the Garden of Eden.'' Two major concepts jump off the page at me.
ILLUSION - The dictionary defines illusion as ''something that looks or seems different from what it is : something that is false or not real but that seems to be true or real: an incorrect idea : an idea that is based on something that is not true.'' - For years we enjoyed watching people known as 'magicians' wow us with the 'sleight of hand.' That is, they perform acts which seem impossible (because we know they are impossible) and mesmerize a crowd. It could be something as simple as pulling a rabbit out of the hat, a quarter out of an ears, or m ...
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To mark the centenary of the 1913 Dublin lockout, the Abbey theatre has assembled a first-rate artistic team, and saddled them with a threadbare text. The Risen People by James Plunkett began life as a radio play in the 1950s, before being staged in three subsequent versions. Director Jimmy Fay has adapted it further, but attempts to resuscitate the corpse seem misguided. Stock characters, heavily derived from Seán O'Casey's plays, lack depth and subtlety. Plunkett went on to develop these successfully in his novel Strumpet City, so this forerunner may be viewed as a preliminary sketch.
The ensemble cast of nine actors sing and dance their hearts out in an unfolding series of scenes from the lives of the Dublin poor. The text's patchwork history results in an incoherent approach to the events of 1913, which seem to be viewed through different lenses at different times. Sometimes they are given a realist treatment, emphasising the miserable conditions of the striking workers; elsewhere the tone is nostalgic and sentimental, especially in the characterisation of the feisty prostitute Lily Maxwell. Surrounded by starving neighbours in rat-infested tenements, she manages to avoid any of the consequences of her livelihood: no pregnancies, back-street abortions or disease.
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