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Notebook of patterns for use with the hand-powered flat-bed 'Preciosa' knitting machine manufactured by Wertheim (Germany) and retailed in Melbourne by Hugo Wertheim.
Physical Description
48-page notebook (counting both sides) with stiff maroon covers, staple bound, inscribed inside 'Miss R. Fisher / Pattern Book'. Patterns are hand-written and include 'Child's Petticoat', 'Child's Singlet', 'Scarfe', 'Bonnet', Lady's Stocking', Boys Sock' and Teddie Bear Suit'. Includes a list of prices and client names, crossed out as the work was completed and paid for. Clients include a Miss M. Payne of 19 Richmond Terrace, Richmond. In a few places purple stamps 'R. FISHER / KNITTER' and 'ALISDALE / YARRAGON' have been stamped or partly stamped. Fair condition, with yellowing of pages, staining and rusting of staples.
The knitting machine provides a relatively rare record of a woman's cottage industry in rural Victoria in the early 20th century, as well as being a significant item of material culture relating to work for the war effort on the home front during World Wars I and II. The machine collection includes a range of parts, manuals, users' notes, two garments and a (digital copy of a) photograph of a garment being worn, providing a comprehensive record of how the machine was used and for what purposes, and how this changed over time as a second user worked the machine.
Knitting machines were enthusiastically advertised in the media in the early 20th century when this model was purchased, both for making family clothing and as a means of earning money. Hugo Wertheim advertised knitting machines as 'One of the most profitable means by which to earn a livelihood or supplement an income IN YOUR OWN HOME' (The Age, 4/2/1911, page 2).
The first hand-powered flat-bed knitting machine was invented by the American William Isaac Lamb in 1863. The machine enabled rapid production of tube and rib-knitted fabric. It knitted in alternating plain and pearl stitches, providing a ribbed effect with high elasticity that looked the same on both sides. The year after its invention, Lamb's flat-bed knitting machine was improved by another American, Henry J. Griswold. Sold under the names 'Climax', 'Crane' and 'Little Rapid', the machines were used in the cottage industry to make men's socks and children's stockings. With further improvements in the machine's design, circular-knit stockings could also be made.
In Europe, manufacturer Henri Eduard Dubied saw the flat-bed machine displayed at the World Expo in Paris in 1867. He bought the patent and began to make the machines, which he called the 'Trikoteuse Omnibus', in his own Swiss factory. By the end of the decade French and German manufacturers, including Laue und Timaeus (later Irmscher & Co., Dresden) were also making flat-bed machines. In 1888 the invention of the tubular cam by G. F. Grosser in Markersdorf allowed heels to also be knitted by the flat-bed machines. Later developments facilitated the production of patterned goods and the use of an electric motor.
The Lamb Corporation remains in business to this day.
More Information
Collecting Areas
Working Life & Trades, Sustainable Futures, Public Life & Institutions, Clothing & Textiles
Acquisition Information
Donation from Raema Edgington
Date Purchased
Hugo Wertheim, 294-296 Bourke Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 1910
Type of item
German Hosiery Museum, [Link 1] accessed 14/6/2012 Wonseok Choi, 'Three Dimensional Seamless Garment Knitting on V-Bed Flat Knitting Machines', Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, vol.4, no.3, Spring 2005 Alex L. Askariffm Sewalot web site [Link 2] accessed 15/6/2012 'Hugo Wertheim', Australian Dictionary of Biography, [Link 3] accessed 15/6/2012
Handcrafts, World War I, 1914-1918, World War II, 1939-1945, Manufacturing, Home Workers, Work in the Home, Knitting Machines, Knitting Patterns, Rural Life, Rural Women, Domestic Work, Soldiers' Comforts


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I got my hands on the new Modiê Moisturising Créme, like many of my favourite products it's an all in one multitasker. Modiê Moisturising Créme give maximum moisture to even the driest of hair types instantly, it can be used for twist outs or wash and go's. I've been using Modiê Moisturising Créme for a few weeks applying to damp hair, I apply a small amount to each section of my hair and style as I usually would, it's great for keeping my hair soft under my wigs, I took out my twists after 4 days an my hair was amazingly soft even when using a wig cap.
26 January 2016
14 January 2016
The Multitasking Oil: Jason Vitamin E 5,000 I.U. from NutriCentre
You know I love an over achiever, an all rounder and one that can multi task so I'm in love with Vitamin E oil. Vitamin E Oil is on of the hardest working oils I have, it's great for skin, uses include;
13 January 2016
The Natural Deodorant: Hippy Paste by Earth Concious
Another day another UK natural brand, this time Hippy Paste by Earth Concious [love the name!] they make natural deodorant pastes as a wonderful alternative to the chemical based spray and roll on deodorants that are so readily available. Many of the off shelf deodorants contain Aluminium which acts as a block to sweat, however we need to sweat [or perspire in a ladylike manner!] in order to release toxins from our body, these toxin then get released elsewhere [so inside our lovely bodies!] I began avoiding non natural deodorants, to avoid dark marks under my arms and have had great experiences with natural spray [wet] deodorants. The paste [or wax as it feels and looks more like a solid wax] is new to me, I've been using it for a week straight and its easier to apply than I first thought.
Any Old Iron? Viridian Liquid Iron
You all know about my struggle with hair loss if you don't you can check out my post here, i've been trying out a lot of remedies this past year, some have been completely useless and some I believe have really aided in stopping the hair full I was experiencing. I started taking Liquid Iron six months ago and have noticed a change in my overall health [goodbye unexplained fatigue] I started to take it because like many women I suffer from a VERY heavy menstrual flow [wide set vagina and a heavy flow lol] and my doctor said this might have some effect on my hair, due to a lack of iron causing the body to go into 'survival mode' and so oxygen is used for vital organs [these not being your hair follicles]
"women should receive about 10 mg of iron daily, menstruating or nursing women 15 mg, and pregnant women 30 mg daily"
5 January 2016
The Skin Milk: MooGoo Skin Milk Udder Cream
Aussie company MooGoo are now available in the UK, MooGoo use cows milk to create an array of wonderful skin and hair products without, Paraffin Oil (Mineral Oil), Synthetic Preservatives such as Parabens, Phenoxyethanol, Formaldehyde Donors, PEG's, Synthetic Penetration enhancers orSodium Laureth Sulphate and other harsh cleansers. I'm still working my way through the products I was sent but a stand out for me already is the Skin Milk Udder Cream from £8.00
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So whereas you may get the impression from other papers that the popular names are John and James, or Sophie and Lucy, a quick look at the papers will show you that such names are, in fact, extremely rare - among important people, at least. Indeed, some names that occur in headlines never occur in daily life at all - names like Sting and Madonna, and Scary and Boy. (These last are the first names of Ms Spice and Mr George respectively.)
One of the odd things about first names as found in the headlines is the speed with which they go in and out of fashion. One year the most common first name was Mr. It has never reoccurred. This was entirely due to the popularity that year of TV dramatisations of Jane Austen's novels, and all her heroes had the first name Mr (Mr Darcy etc). Last year the outright winner of boy's names was Dodi. This year it does not even figure in the top 100.
Another curiosity is the way in which politicians and leaders are rarely known by their first name. John Major was never called John by headline writers. Clinton is always Clinton, rarely Bill. That is why the name Bill does not figure in our top ten boy's names, even though the most important man in the world bears it. Even at the level of football management this is true. Glenn Hoddle would be recognisable if called Glenn, as there are very few Glenns in football, but he is always called Hoddle in print, never Glenn.
However, let us get straight to the main agenda of today's ceremony, and that is the grand announcement of the top 10 boy's names of 1998. Roll of drums. Fanfare. Thank you.
(Previous year's position in brackets, incidentally.)
1. Tony (11)
2. Charles (5)
3. Leonardo (-)
4. Saddam (-)
5. Zinedine (-)
6. Slobodan (-)
7. Peter (9)
8. Oskar (7)
9. Ken (6)
10. Helmut (-)
Tony's popularity is entirely due to Mr Blair's sudden rise to spring- heeled prominence. There are other Tonys around, such as Tony Banks, but they rarely feature.
Indeed, it would seem from a study of political first names that it is no help to ambition to have the same first name as a rival, or as your leader. Nobody called Margaret throve near Mrs Thatcher. John Redwood dwindled before John Major. And the only Edward near Edward Heath was Edward du Cann, and look what happened to him. No, we fear that Tony Banks's ambitions will have to be put on hold.
Leonardo has never featured in the list before, so well done, Mr di Caprio. Obviously the name Leonardo is a bit too Italian for the American audience, so already Mr di Caprio's first name is being shortened by the publicists to Lenny or even Leo, and we may never see Leonardo on the top 10 list again.
Most Americans, of course, think that di Caprio was named after a mutant turtle called Leonardo, as they have never heard of the artist Leonardo da Vinci.
(Incidentally, in the credits of an old Sergeant Bilko film the other day I spotted that the name of the director was a certain Al di Caprio. Any relation, I wonder?)
Zinedine is an even more unusual name than Slobodan, and would not figure here were it not for Mr Zidane's goal-scoring feats for France against Brazil in the World Cup final, in which he became the first person in history to become famous despite having both names beginning with Z.
Other names which flared into brief popularity were Salman and Yasser, Benjamin and Gerhard, Arsene and Menzies, and - very briefly - Enoch, after the publication of a life of the late Enoch Powell. Fergal was quite popular, as indeed was Fergie, which interestingly is a boy's name when used of football managers and a girl's name when used of duchesses. Ron was fleetingly fashionable for a week when a Welshman strayed on Clapham Common and George became fashionable when a pop star strayed in a Californian lavatory.
Tomorrow we come to the top 10 girl's names of 1998, the first year for many years in which Diana has not won outright. Or can she do it again posthumously? All will be revealed tomorrow!Reuse content


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1. Snoop Dogg's craziest party story:
The idea is innocent enough: throw a party that no one will forget… You may not get to party with Snoop Dogg but there's always a chance a stunning centerfold may arrive with an entourage. "Project X" is a warning to parents and police everywhere. Experience the event that will turn losers into legends in "Project X", Now Playing.
Preview Your Response


text: U.S. Woodward on Bush's 'Plan of Attack' April 20, 2004 Bob Woodward's book, revealing that President Bush began to plan a war on Iraq earlier than previously disclosed, has Washington talking. NPR's Steve Inskeep discusses Plan of Attack with the longtime Washington Post journalist. Woodward on Bush's 'Plan of Attack' Listen Toggle more options Download Embed Embed <iframe src="https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1843352/1843637" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" title="NPR embedded audio player">


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Rockets lose to Celtics 111-95 to extend losing streak to four games
Isaiah Thomas scored 23 points and the Boston Celtics used a 32-point third quarter to pull away and cruise to a 111-95 win over the slumping Houston Rockets on Monday night.
It is the third straight win for the Celtics and gives Houston a four-game losing streak for the first time since the team dropped seven straight in January 2013.
Boston led by 4 after a 3-pointer by James Harden with 3 1/3 minutes left in the third quarter. The Celtics closed out the quarter by scoring 15 straight points to take a 87-68 lead into the fourth quarter.
The Celtics rode the momentum from their strong third quarter into the early part of the fourth quarter and used a 13-4 run to open the period and extend the lead to 100-72. Avery Bradley scored seven points with a dunk and a 3-pointer to lead the team in that stretch.
Coach Kevin McHale pulled most of Houston's starters after that.
Bradley finished with 21 points and made four 3-pointers and Jae Crowder added 16 points.
Trevor Ariza led Houston with 19 points and Harden had 16.
It was a sloppy game by the Rockets, who dropped to 4-7 this season, thanks in part to 22 turnovers.
The Rockets led by as many as 15 in the first quarter, but the Celtics got going in the second and it was tied 55-55 at halftime.
Houston was up by 1 after a dunk by Ariza in the third quarter. The Celtics scored the next eight points to take a 67-61 lead with about 5 1/2 minutes left in quarter.
Houston had three turnovers in that span and went more than 2 1/2 minutes without scoring. Ariza finally broke the drought with a 3-pointer with 5:22 left in the third. But the Rockets shooting woes would soon return, allowing the Celtics to build the lead.
Bradley made 3-pointers on consecutive possessions near the end of Boston's big run, causing the visitor's bench and the few Celtics fans in the crowd to go wild. The players on the bench jumped up and down and held three fingers in the air.
Houston missed six straight shots and had a turnover as Boston built the lead and the Rockets managed just 13 points in the quarter.
There was a minor scuffle midway through the third quarter when Terrence Jones tried to grab the ball out of the hands of Amir Johnson after he fell to the court at the end of a play. Harden and Thomas joined the incident and began shoving each other before they were pulled apart. Jones, Harden and Thomas all received technical fouls after a review by the officials.
Celtics: Bradley played in his second straight game after missing the previous two games with a strained calf. ... Marcus Smart had six assists.
Rockets: G Patrick Beverley missed his second game in a row and is out indefinitely after spraining his left ankle on Friday night. He missed two games earlier this month with a concussion. ... Dwight Howard had five points and 12 rebounds.
Celtics: Visit Dallas on Wednesday.
Rockets: Host Portland on Wednesday.
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text: Divxturka.net is using Redbunker! Because Redbunker is better than Hotfile, Netload and Rapidshare ! Click here and buy REDBUNKER premium account! Plot: Put in charge of his young son, Ali leaves Belgium for Antibes to live with his sister and her husband as a family. Ali's bond with Stephanie, a killer whale trainer, grows deeper after Stephanie suffers a horrible accident. Genre: Drama | Romance IMDB rating: 7.5/10 from 14,653 users Directed by: Jacques Audiard Starring: Marion Cotillard, Matthias Schoenaerts and Armand Verdure Release Name: Rust.And.Bone.2012.DVDRiP.XViD-SML Size: 700 MiB x 2 CD Video: AVI | 592×240 | 1207 Kbps Audio: French | AC3 | 448 kbps Subs: English Runtime: 1h 57mn Information: Code: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2053425/ Download: Code: Single Link Single Extraction http://www.redbunker.net/iepgo6xsxoxs/Rust.And.Bone.2012.DVDRiP.XViD-SML.rar.html Screens:


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|Reviews for A New Angle
| Janneia chapter 1 . 1/3/2012
Although, maybe I'm being a little nitpicky but wouldn't it be "vous êtes belle"? I mean, assuming Dean was talking to a female... (although the inner slash fan in me giggled a lot at the implication...)
| Fullmetal Knight chapter 1 . 12/17/2010
I love this story! I hope you update it. I currently have a fic for finding fics with Jesse.
| Frannie-pants chapter 1 . 4/6/2010
Aw. You should update this!
| Stompy Bigfoot chapter 1 . 1/22/2010
you going to continue this? i love it!
| anka-x chapter 1 . 1/14/2010
I always thought that Sam would make a very good father, some day. I am hooked. Please don't make me wait too long.
| supernaturalsammy67 chapter 1 . 1/14/2010
this was...this..t-this was...ss-sso beautiful...sniff!
aw omg...this line! i've read it like 8 times and omg...makes me cry every damn time x
Jesse nodded his head, and Dean felt a little sickening feeling as he watched his brother help the kid out.
This was what Sam was never going to have.
sniff! thats soo true!
awesome story hun *sniff*
loved how you came up with this,. talk about one in a million x
i love you x
this was awesome x
| candy-cake chapter 1 . 1/13/2010
I love this start it intrigues me ] I hope you update soon. I hope Dean knows more than a couple of phrases In French though, he has to have something, I believe. I like that Sam is relating to Jesse it's sweet!


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Fuyu no Izanai
- Height: 70m
- Pitches: 3
- Breakdown: 5.9, 5.10c, 5.10a
- Ascents: 2
- Aka: 冬のいざない
- Description:©
- Ethic: inherited from Japan
There`s not a lot of information about climbing in Japan in English. Much of the information is only available in Japanese - or of course here on theCrag!
The Japan Free Climbing Association (http://freeclimb.jp/seibi/seibi.htm) is a good point of contact and there is a set of 5 guidebooks (all in Japanese) covering all of Japan and its thousands of sport and trad routes and boulders.
- Tags:
Route History:
- There is no known route history.
Located in Hakoya Iwa approx:
Lat/Long: 35.909898,138.628564
Some content has been provided under license from: © Neil Harrison (Copyright www.ogawayama.com)
Route Grade Citations
|Community registered grade
|James Frith
|James Frith
|5.9, 10c, 10a
|Yuji Katayama
Route quality
Overall quality score: 50%
Lead Styles
Comments keywords
Learn about creating circuits.
Activity Configure
Check out what is happening on Fuyu no Izanai (note there is an unresolved system issue where ascents logged before 2010 are not displayed in the stream below). If you just want to see beta then click on view ascents with beta.


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
This step is noncompulsory but will seriously raise your chances of people actually reading your profile and contacting you. Type a little about yourself, your pasttimes and upload some good photos of yourself.
Utilise our website's sophisticated search to encounter members who suit your criteria. Or just browse through listings and encounter singles that appeal to you.
Identified someone who could be a good match? Drop them a line or just a wink and find out if they're interested in you. With a little luck you'll be on your way to finding that special someone for you.
And start dating


text:
- Travel
- PCards
- Purchase Orders
- Accounts Payable
- Deposits
- SharePoint
- Vehicle/Vessel Service Center
- Pre-Award Processing
- Post-Award Grant Management
- Effort Reporting/FAR
- HR and Payroll
- Contacts
Critical Dates & Deadlines
Please review your account balances regularly in SharePoint
This is in reference to all State 101 & 103 CRRNT funds only at this time…
All purchases and travel requests should be submitted no later than Monday, May 1st.
This includes all purchase orders, PCard purchases, unencumbered vouchers, travel authorizations, expense reports (travel & personal reimbursements), and deposits. This means we must have all requests and/or backup documentation in hand by this date. If you are planning on using your remaining funds for travel expenses, but the travel dates are beyond May 1st, please work with Cindy to setup a TA for the encumbrance now so we can place a hold on those funds for you.
Failure to spend your remaining state account balances down by the deadline above will result in the department using them for ADMIN expenses effective May 2nd. If you already know that you cannot spend your remaining balances down by this date, please let us know now so that way we can ensure we do not lose any funds.
Any item turned in after this deadline will hit FY18 funds, which means any type of reimbursement or payment due will be delayed until the second week of July when the system reopens.
OPS staff can remain on your state accounts until the fiscal year-end cutoff date in June, but no changes can be made to increase their payroll projections (such as: work more than estimated hours, FTE increases, or pay increases) after May 1st.
If you have any questions or concerns please feel free to contact Angela Gifford at email@example.com.
Travel Authorizations
The Travel Authorization is an estimation of expenses the traveler will incur on their trip.
TAs are required for conferences and international travel.
TAs should be submitted at least two weeks prior to a trip's start, and at least thirty days for international travel.
Turn in the following documentation to Cindy Love (email@example.com):
- For International/Foreign Travel:
- Completed TA form
- TEAM ASSIST insurance (found here)
- Completed international travel checklist (found here).
- All original PCard receipts (no copies, must also include cover forms)
- All available receipts for purchases made with personal funds
- For conferences, blank registration forms and agendas
- When 101 and 103 funds are used, approval via E-mail must be sought from the department Director and attached to the form
- For Domestic Travel:
- Completed TA form
- All original PCard receipts (no copies, must also include cover forms)
- All available receipts for purchases made with personal funds
- For conferences:
- Blank registration forms or price list for attending a conference
- Agenda for conference
- For conferences, blank registration forms and agendas
- When 101 and 103 funds are used, approval via E-mail must be sought from the department Director and attached to the form
Travel Expense Reports
TERs should be submitted immediately after a travel's completion.
Turn in the following documentation to Cindy Love (firstname.lastname@example.com):
- Completed TER form
- All original PCard receipts (no copies, must also include cover forms)
- All available receipts for purchases made with personal funds
- When 101 and 103 funds are used, approval via E-mail must be sought from the department Director and attached to the form
Out of Pocket Reimbursements
Turn in the following documentation:
- Completed out-of-pocket reimbursement form
- All available receipts for purchases made with personal funds
Enterprise Car Rentals
Enterprise/National Reservations
A new link has been setup for personal reservations at the link below:
Personal Rentals at Enterprise
Do not use the "Leisure Reservations" link at the bottom of the UF business rental site for personal rentals. This link will take you to the Enterprise regular rental page and you will not receive the contracted State rates.
Travel Forms
Travel Policy and Procedure
Obtaining a PCard
- PST975 – What Every PCard Holder Needs To Know
- PST076 – PCard for Travel (if PCard is to be used for travel-related expenses)
- PST077 – PCard for Commodities
You must sign (with witness present) the Cardholder Agreement (http://www.purchasing.ufl.edu/forms/cardholder_agreement.pdf) and complete a PCard Application (http://www.purchasing.ufl.edu/forms/pcard_application.pdf), then submit both to Sam Lawson(FAS) or Dawnette Lauramore (SFRC).
Processing takes 15-30 business days after all necessary signatures are collected.
Using a PCard
When making a purchase, always obtain an itemized receipt that includes:
- Description and cost of each item purchased.
- Total cost of purchase.
- Vendor name and address.
- Date of purchase and/or date of goods received.
Sign the receipt and submit with a completed PCard receipt form to a verifier:
- Sarah Hernandez – Non-travel
- Cindy Love – Travel
PCard Restrictions
- Cash advances
- Gift cards
- Alcoholic beverages
- Meals and restaurant purchases
- Items costing $2,000 or more
- Additional examples available at: http://www.purchasing.ufl.edu/departments/pcard/procedures/allowable.asp
The following are examples of PCard misuse/abuse and can result in the PCard being suspended or terminated:
- Splitting PCard charges to circumvent purchasing limits.
- Falsification of records.
- Card sharing – Allowing others to use card or account number.
- Abuse of PCard for personal gain and/or beyond express intended use.
- Repeated non-compliance with policies and procedures.
- Failure to turn in receipt within 15 days of purchase.
Reporting Personal Charges
Any personal use of the PCard, unintentional or otherwise, must be addressed in the following manner:
- Immediately request a credit from the merchant and notify your department of the personal charge, or;
- Immediately notify your department fiscal staff of the personal charge and reimburse with your personal check
If reimbursement, by vendor credit or personal check, is not received within five business days the cardholder's privileges will be suspended.
The cardholder's PCard privileges will be lost if there are continued violations of the PCard policies.
Please contact the PCard team at firstname.lastname@example.com with questions or comments.
Additional Information
- Sarah Hernandez (firstname.lastname@example.com) – 352-846-0852
- Cindy Love (email@example.com) – 352-846-0849
Other Contacts:
- Purchasing (firstname.lastname@example.com) – 392-1331
- PCard Team (firstname.lastname@example.com) – 392-1331
Additional Resources
- Purchasing Website: http://www.purchasing.ufl.edu
- Purchasing Directives: http://purchasing.ufl.edu/departments/directives-procedures.asp
Purchase Orders
Requisitions are submitted through myUFMarket, an online marketplace for purchasing goods and services from UF-approved vendors. These are made for purchases that cannot be completed through a P-Card.
If a vendor is not UF-approved, a vendor tax information form and a vendor application form will need to be completed by the vendor, and then sent to Samuel Lawson (email@example.com) to have it approved by Vendor Maintenance.
Vendors performing on-site services (for example, construction or property care) will also need to provide an insurance certificate covering workers' compensation, property liability, property damage and vehicle liability insurance, with the University of Florida listed as an "additional covered" party.
When completing a requisition:
- If items are within the following price ranges, quotes/bids are required as stated:
- $1,000 – $4,999: One quote preferred. Purchasing Coordinator's discretion.
- $5,000 – $24,999: Documented quotes from 2 or more vendors by phone, fax, email.
- $25,000 – $74,999: 2 or more written quotes (please attach both quotes)
- OVER $75,000: Formal bids required (contact Purchasing).
- A sole source justification can be used as an exception to quotes from 2 or more vendors; or if the total requisition amount is above $75,000, a sole source certification form will need to be completed.
- Submit a completed "requisition to purchase" form along with any required documentation to Samuel Lawson (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Although purchase orders are usually distributed to the vendor's remittance address, it is good practice to follow up with the vendor to ensure that they have received the documentation. If they have not, please follow up with Samuel Lawson to have a purchase order resent to them.
Special Note: It is our internal policy that, for all computer purchases made on sponsored projects, 5% of the purchase should be allocated to an IDC or unrestricted account, even for grants that have CAS exemptions set in place.
Vehicle Purchases
- The quote and requisition form should include the year, make, model, engine type (Hybrid/FFV/Diesel/Electric), color (if known), VIN (if known), and if applicable, UF Decal number of trade-in vehicle for Asset Management records.
- Vehicle identification information for the vehicle to be replaced or written justification from a Dean or VP for adding a vehicle to the fleet.
- Quote from the dealer including a detailed list of vehicle specifications. (Additional quotes will be required if the vehicle is not purchased using publicly solicited contract.)
- A justification regarding the particular type/style of vehicle selected. Justification should outline the specific use of the vehicle and explain the need of any extra features/optional equipment above and beyond the base vehicle configuration.
All of these items should be submitted concurrently with the attached requisition to purchase form. To view information on available contract vendors for vehicles for the state of Florida, please see the UF Purchasing section on Departmental Vehicles.
Purchase Order/Vendor Forms
Purchasing Directives
Accounts Payable
Expenditure Guidelines
Expenditures made on university funds must have a business purpose directly related to the University of Florida's mission.
State appropriations (101 and 103) funds: Items for personal use such as chairs and appliances purchased on state appropriations require additional justification, and must also be purchased at a reasonable price.
Auxiliary (181 & 182) funds: Purchases such as alcohol; congratulatory telegrams; entertainment for visiting dignitaries; first class travel; and flowers and/or telegraphic condolences cannot be made on auxiliary funds
Contract and grant funds (201 and 209): Purchases made on contract and grant funds are subject to approval by the department grants specialist, Marquelle Rawls (firstname.lastname@example.com). Per OMB Circular A-21, indirect (F&A) costs cannot be charged onto federal grants and contracts unless a CAS exemption is submitted and approved. This includes:
a. Salary & fringe benefits for administrative and clerical workers
b. Computers (except those with specialized purposes specifically for the grant)
c. Travel and meals (excluding those to research sites and conferences pursuant to grant objectives)
d. Office, custodial, and general purpose supplies
e. Radioactive waste
f. Local phone service and equipment
g. Postage and mailing
h. Membership dues
i. Parking fines
j. Subscriptions
k. Software (excluding specialized or technical software)
l. Mobile devices
m. Computer supplies (e.g. RAM, CD drives, flash memory)
Formula funds (221 and 222): Since these are also federal funds the OMB Circular A-21 directive applies, indirect (F&A) costs cannot be charged. No exemption is in place for these funds at this time.
This includes:
a. Salary & fringe benefits for administrative and clerical workers
b. Computers
c. Travel and meals (excluding those to research sites and conferences pursuant to grant objectives)
d. Office, custodial, and general purpose supplies
e. Radioactive waste
f. Local phone service and equipment
g. Postage and mailing
h. Membership dues
i. Parking fines
j. Subscriptions
k. Software (excluding specialized or technical software)
l. Mobile devices
m. Computer supplies (e.g. RAM, CD drives, flash memory)
Paying Invoices
- For invoices associated with purchase orders, the invoice should have the PO number included in order to be paid against the PO.
- For invoices associated with unencumbered vouchers, account information and the signature of the account-holder should be written on or attached to the invoice.
Unencumbered Vouchers
- Memberships/subscriptions/interlibrary loans.
- Utilities/telephone bills.
- Advertising (limited to newspaper/magazine ads).
- Licenses.
- Insurance.
- Food purchased on foundation funds.
Additional examples are available on the Disbursements Directives & Procedures site (http://www.fa.ufl.edu/directives-and-procedures/disbursements) in section 5.E.
Disbursements Directives
Deposit Information
Cash expense refunds (refunds, reimbursements, rebates, or returned funds from a vendor) will be handled by staff members on an ad hoc basis. When directed, signed checks should be issued to the University of Florida and given to the employee handling the cash expense refund.
University policy emphasizes the processing of deposits in a timely manner. Deposits will be transmitted to the cashier's office no less frequently than weekly.
Deposit Policy and Procedures
• http://www.fa.ufl.edu/directives-and-procedures/cash-collections-receivables-and-investments/
Additional Information
For questions about accounts in SharePoint:
Chris Peters (846-0100)
Angela Gifford (846-1510)
For questions about SharePoint:
Devin Perry (273-2202)
Chris Peters (846-0100)
Vehicle/Vessel Service Center
Vehicle/Vessel Service Center
The approved reimbursement rates effective October 1st., 2014 are as follows:
Contact Angela Gifford (firstname.lastname@example.com) for more information about setting up a service center account for your vehicle.
Vehicle/Vessel Logs
Note that SFRC faculty can only charge back mileage costs for research-related travel. FAS faculty members are permitted to charge back mileage costs for research, teaching, and IFAS/SFRC-wide meetings due to working from a remote location.
- Samuel Lawson (email@example.com) – For Millhopper and Newins-Ziegler Hall
- Holly Quillen (email@example.com) – at Tropical Aquaculture Lab location for Ruskin employees
SFRC Vehicle and Vessel Account Flowcharts:
FAS Only – (FAS Service Center Flowchart)
FRC Only – (FRC Service Center Flowchart)
SFRC Vehicle Mileage Log
SFRC Vehicle Mileage Log (Example Template)
FAS Vessel Log
Physical Plant Division
When purchasing a new vehicle, or switching your account to be charged, contact Dawnette Lauramore (email@example.com) or Samuel Lawson (firstname.lastname@example.com) to have the account information updated for the given vehicle.
For more information about Motor Pool costs and services, go to the Physical Plant Division Motor Pool website (http://ppd.ufl.edu/motorpool.htm).
Pre-Award Processing
-Request for Proposal/Application, Program Solicitation, or Guidelines
-Signed eDSP-1/DSP-1a (if you experience trouble with the eDSP-1 tool, please review this document.
-Scope of work
-Budget (including cost sharing, if applicable)
-Budget justification
–IFAS Cost Share Letter(s) (if applicable):
–Disclosure of Financial Conflict of Interest (National Science Foundation proposals only)
–Statement of Intent to Establish a Consortium, along with subcontract proposal (if applicable)
-Third party cost sharing letter of commitment (if applicable)
If your proposal falls under more than one category (research, training, extension, etc.), please indicate the percentage of each. Some proposals ask for specific information about the University of Florida; you may find the Division of Sponsored Programs' (DSP) Frequently Used Facts website helpful for this.
DSP requires submitting proposals two days before the deadline, and IFAS Proposal Processing lists a turnaround time of up to two days. Thus, we ask for you to submit proposals at least six business days before the deadline. Submitting proposals late increases your risk of missing the deadline. The DSP-1 and any other approval forms or letters should require only Tim's signature at this time before sending on to IFAS Proposal Processing (i.e. the DSP-1, DSP-1a, and non-SFRC cost share letters should already be signed by you, SFRC Co-PI(s), non-SFRC Co-PI(s), non-SFRC Director(s), and non-IFAS Dean(s), if and when applicable).
The University of Florida should not receive any contract or agreement without already having approved a corresponding proposal. When this happens, it can slow down a project's overall earliest possible start date since DSP still requires the same approvals and signatures. It also puts UF at risk if there is any cost sharing that has been committed, for example. Therefore, it is best to submit a proposal through for approval well in advance of any official contract or agreement negotiations.
IFAS Proposal Processing now uses a ServiceDesk to coordinate its reviews and approvals. It includes an option to add additional e-mail addresses to notify on all actions taken on a proposal (e.g., in review, sent to Deans, error, etc.). If you would like to be added for your proposal, please indicate this.
DSP maintains a helpful mail logs section on its website in case you would like to track where a proposal might be at the moment, whom it has been assigned to for processing, what the last action taken was, etc. They log all proposals into this database as they receive them, so it is very accurate and current.
As PI, you should place your salary on the grant reflective of the amount of time (effort) you expect to spend on it. Doing so creates salary savings, and IFAS allows you to access these funds through either the Faculty Supplemental Compensation Plan (FSCP) or Program Funds method.
When possible, it is advantageous not to name key personnel in your proposal budgets. Doing so would result in having to track them in the UF effort system's commitment module, which can be further complicated if there are personnel changes during the course of the project. Including just a generic position title and corresponding employee category should suffice.
Please budget vehicle mileage and/or vessel hours (rather than fuel) on your proposals in accordance with the SFRC's vehicle/vessel center. The rate for mileage that should be suggested to the sponsor is $0.56 per mile. The equipment category should only be used for items costing $5,000 and above.
When you commit cost sharing on a proposal, it should also be reflected in your budget and budget justification. For more information on this topic, please see its tab below.
If your proposal budget contains items that will require Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Exemptions, please plan on submitting your request for all corresponding items as soon as your project is awarded. Also note that, even if a CAS exemption is obtained for computer equipment, it is the internal policy of the SFRC to place 5% of the cost of any computer purchases on an IDC or unrestricted account, to ensure compliance with the Uniform Guidance 2 CFR 200 in the event of an audit.
Facilities & Administrative (F&A, a.k.a. Indirect Costs, a.k.a. Overhead) Rates
The Division of Sponsored Programs, IFAS Proposal Processing, and SFRC will consider requests for reduced IDC on a case-by-case basis and will generally require a strong justification. Please keep in mind you will receive a percentage of IDC return each year, so having reduced IDC on your projects is not always advantageous in the long run. The following websites contain the current IDC rates and additional information:
Cost Sharing
As mentioned in the budgets tab above, when possible, it is advantageous not to name key personnel you might choose to cost share, especially graduate students or OPS employees. Doing so would result in having to track them in the UF effort system's commitment module, which can be further complicated if there are personnel changes during the course of the project. Including just a generic position title and corresponding employee category should suffice.
If cost sharing travel, vehicle/boat usage, etc., please be sure to provide an eligible account source on which these expenditures will take place (e.g., your residual or indirect cost return account).
Unless a sponsor specifically states a restriction, you may cost share associated indirect costs (IDC) on any direct costs you are cost sharing as long as they would have been charged IDC had they been placed directly on the grant. Also, if your proposal contains reduced IDC, you may cost share the unrecovered IDC (i.e., the difference between the University's federally negotiated rate and the reduced rate).
Any cost sharing provided by third parties will require signed letters of commitment, including the exact dollar amounts, from them.
- Set up your professional profile
- Grant access to Chris Peters on your professional profile
- Update your routing profile to #IFAS-SFRC School of Forest Resources & Conservation
You will find this software to be user friendly and extremely efficient in the way it streamlines the entire Grants.gov proposal submission process.
Advance Releases
Sponsored Programs Agreements
When submitting an SPA, please include the documents listed in the checklist below:
-Signed SPA
-Scope of work
-Budget justification
Additional Resources and Training
Post-Award Grant Management
CAS (Cost Accounting Standards)
-What are Cost Accounting Standards? http://www.fa.ufl.edu/departments/cost-analysis/costing-guidelines-and-policies/
Cost Accounting Standard (CAS) 9905.502 states "All costs incurred for the same purpose, in like circumstances, are either direct costs only (can be charged to a grant) or indirect costs only (must be paid with unrestricted funds) with respect to final cost objectives." Uniform Guidance 2 CFR then goes on to list specific costs that the federal government considers to be normally charged indirectly, "Items such as salaries of administrative and clerical staff, office supplies, postage, local telephone costs and memberships".
According to OMB Circular A-21, "The tests of allowability of costs under these principles (A-21) are:
- Reasonability-A prudent person would have purchased the item and paid that price.
- Allocable– Expenses are at least partially applicable to a sponsored agreement.
- Consistently Treated – Expenses for similar purposes must be treated the same way (throughout the university) under like circumstances.
- Allowable – The expense must be allowable or not specifically excluded as specified by government regulations (examples of specifically excluded costs are discussed later) or by the contract/grant/cooperative agreement requirements.
Should a principal investigator need to apply expenses to a grant that are considered unacceptable per Cost Accounting guidelines, a CAS Exemption Request form will need to be completed and approved by the Division of Sponsored Programs. This is used to provide written justification to exempt the following costs that may be allowed as direct charges to a grant if it can show how the charging of such costs to the award are for "unlike circumstances". Examples include: Postage, Basic Telephone, General Office Supplies, and General Purpose software. http://research.ufl.edu/research/pdf/cas_exemption_form.pdf (CAS Form)
Also note that, even if a CAS exemption is obtained for computer equipment, it is the internal policy of the SFRC to place 5% of the cost of any computer purchases on an IDC or unrestricted account, to ensure compliance with the Uniform Guidance 2 CFR 200 in the event of an audit.
Any PCard charges pending CAS exemptions should receive new accounts. The principal investigator also assumes responsibilities for transfers for CAS exemption/pre-award spending. They should also be mindful of the processing time for CAS exemption and NOA documentation, and provide alternate accounts as necessary.
Cost Transfers/Audit Compliances
An error in charging of costs must be identified and corrected within 90 days of the occurrence; all cost transfer requests must be made within 30 days of the expiration of the project. Costs transfers that result in a refund to the sponsored award must be processed as soon as the error is discovered, regardless of the date the error occurred.
Consistency in Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) requires that costs be transferred within the same fiscal year; therefore every effort must be made to correct errors within the same fiscal year. Cost transfers of salaries and wages covering periods where related effort has been certified beyond 90 days will generally not be approved.
Responsibility for Compliance
• Responsibility for following these guidelines lies primarily with the Principal Investigator (PI).
• The PI should coordinate with his or her fiscal personnel to ensure charges are assigned to the sponsored award.
• The appropriate contracts and grants office is responsible for the final review of cost transfers involving sponsored awards.
Adequate Documentation
A cost transfer must always be accompanied by a written explanation of how the costs being charged benefit the sponsored award as well as the cause of the error and certification of accuracy. The University of Florida has designated this responsibility to the PI or Departmental Chair.
A cost transfer form must be completed and forwarded to Contracts & Grants for review and approval of the expense to be removed or added to the grant.
No Cost Extension Requests
To request a no-cost extension on other grants, you will need to e-mail or write a letter to the agency for approval and then inform Chris Peters once received. He will then coordinate with DSP Award Administration. Some agencies may send a formal amendment to be signed by the University in order to finalize the no-cost extension.
Budget Transfers
Notably, FDP (Federal Demonstration Partnership) grants generally do not require prior approval for shifting funds among categories. Additional information on FDP grants can be found here: http://research.ufl.edu/faculty-and-staff/award-management/federal-demonstration-partnership.html
Payroll Distributions
Upon hiring and employment authorization, faculty should provide HR with the grant/ account number the employee should be paid from; once sufficient budget has been verified, the individual will be distributed for payroll.
Mandatory Training
Effective March 3, 2014, all faculty with sponsored projects are required to take the following classes: RSH 220 Effort Fundamentals and RSH 260 Cost Principles. These courses are available online through myUFL by navigating to Main Menu > My Self Service > Training and Development > Request Training Enrollment. Failure to take these courses before March 3rd, will result in DSP holding all NOAs and removing all of your rights to access grant information within myUFL
Resources: Helpful Links
Uniform Guidance 2 CFR200:: http://www.fa.ufl.edu/departments/cost-analysis/costing-guidelines-and-policies/charging-costs-directly-or-indirectly-to-sponsored-projects/
Office of Research: http://research.ufl.edu/or.html/
Training and Development: http://www.hr.ufl.edu
Effort Reporting/FAR
Effort Reporting Guidelines
The following training courses are offered by the University of Florida for instructions and guidelines on Effort Reporting:
- RSH200 Effort Reporting
- RSH220 Effort Fundamentals
- RSH230 Effort Management
More information as well as instruction guides on Effort Reporting can be found on the Human Resources website at: http://hr.ufl.edu/training/myUFL/toolkits/EffortReporting.asp
Faculty Assignment Reports
The faculty member should fill out the Faculty Assignment Report in its entirety. In cases when necessary, Devin Perry(firstname.lastname@example.com), or Heather Gavigan (firstname.lastname@example.com) can assist in the completion of the FAR by preloading the data, but it is strongly recommended that the faculty member fill out the FAR completely.
After submitting the FAR for approval, Dr. Tim White will review and approve it, which will then return it back to the faculty member's queue for acknowledgement. The faculty member will receive daily automated e-mails reminding him/her to acknowledge his/her FAR. The FAR is considered fully approved once it has been acknowledged by the faculty member.
Effort Certification
Effort Reporting Directives
- http://www.generalcounsel.ufl.edu/news/Effort-Reporting-Policy.pdf for official University of Florida policy on effort reporting.
- http://www.generalcounsel.ufl.edu/news/Effort-Reporting-Directives-Procedures.pdf for details about effort reporting process.
- http://www.fa.ufl.edu/departments/cost-analysis/effort-certification/
Additional Resources and Training
- Training Courses and Toolkits: http://hr.ufl.edu/training/myUFL/toolkits/EffortReporting.asp
- SFRC Effort Reporting Presentation
For New TEAMS Employees
University of Florida employees are expected to complete the New Employee Orientation within the first month of employment. This can be done by either enrolling in the online courses NE0100 and NE0200 or signing up to attend one of the new employee orientation classes offered at the HR Building, Room 119 at 903 W University Ave.
Benefit enrollment is now done online. You will receive your People First ID shortly after your employment begins. Please visit the "Benefits" section of the Human Resources website to see the various benefit options available to TEAMS employees. Benefit enrollment needs to be completed within 60 days of your hire date.
Training is offered for all UF employees. The Preventing Sexual Harassment training is mandatory for all employees. It must be renewed every two years. To view the available training courses offered by Training and Organizational Development please visit their website at http://www.hr.ufl.edu/training/default.asp
Create a Gatorlink ID-Using your UFID number: Go to https://my.ufl.edu/ps/signon.html, select the Access MyUFL link in the upper left, and then create account on the right. When done, e-mail Winnie Lante (email@example.com) with your username and she will initiate your exchange e-mail.
Security Roles-Some access to myUFL is only granted by receiving security roles. If you need a security role, please contact Victoria Scaff. Please note that some roles require you to complete a training course before they will be approved. In this case, the role will not be available until the training course is completed successfully.
For OPS Employees
Entering time: To enter time you will go to my.ufl.edu and go to the Main Menu tab. From the Main Menu tab, the path will be My Self Service>Time Reporting>Report Time>Timesheet.
You will receive 3 emails reminding you to enter time each pay period. Please make sure we have an up-to-date email address for you. If you have any problem entering time, please contact Victoria Scaff for assistance.
The pay schedule for 2014-2015 is found at http://www.fa.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/payroll/FY2014-15_Final.xlsx
For information on benefits for OPS employees, please visit the Benefits section of the University of Florida's website: http://www.hr.ufl.edu/benefits/default.asp or call 352-392-2477.
Training is offered for all UF employees. The Preventing Sexual Harassment training is mandatory for all employees. It must be renewed every two years. To view the available training courses offered by Training and Organizational Development please visit their website at http://hr.ufl.edu/learn-grow/training-organizational-development/courses-and-registration/.
Security Roles: Some access to myUFL is only granted by receiving security roles. If you need a security role, please contact Victoria Scaff. Please note that some roles require you to complete a training course before they will be approved. In this case, the role will not be available until the training course is completed successfully.
Foreign Nationals or Visiting Scholars
Please note that it is mandated that the faculty invitation form and any corresponding information be submitted to Victoria Scaff 70 days prior to the traveler's arrival date in the United States to account for processing time.
When Hiring a New Employee
For OPS appointments, please provide the following information:
- Start date of appointment
- End date of new appointment
- Hours per week
- Hourly rate
- Account number that employee will be paid from
For TEAMS appointments, please contact Victoria Scaff to post the position on the University of Florida's Gator Jobs link.
Sick leave may be used for yourself for illness, doctor visits or dental appointments. It may also be used in reasonable amounts for illness, injury or death within your immediate family. Sick leave also requires authorization from your supervisor, although it is understood that most sick leave does not happen in advance, please email your supervisor as soon after the sick leave is taken for authorization and cc Victoria Scaff.
Administrative leave includes funerals, jury duty, military service, and other examples in which the above categories do not apply. Please refer to the HR website section on leave (http://hr.ufl.edu/benefits/leave/) for more details.
Human Resources Policies and Procedures
Disclosure of Outside Activities
- General counsel form: http://generalcounsel.ufl.edu/media/ufledu/content-assets/generalcounselufledu/documents/AppendixB2.pdf
- IFAS form: http://hr.ifas.ufl.edu/pdf/IFAS_Form_2627_Revised_03-2011.pdf
Contact Information
Victoria Scaff- 352-846-0863 (firstname.lastname@example.com)
Additional Resources
UF New Employee Website: http://www.hr.ufl.edu/gatorresources/default.asp
University of Florida Benefits Information: http://www.hr.ufl.edu/benefits/default.asp
University of Florida Faculty Handbook: http://handbook.aa.ufl.edu/
This resource is intended as a guide to administrative procedures and forms in the SFRC. It is not intended to replace or supersede any UF or IFAS rules or regulations.


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Adidas Auckland Marathon
Relax, the race is full so we're too late to actually, you know, run in this thing. Dubbed now as "not just a run...an experience" (forgive us, we're just quoting, we didn't write the slogan). There's nothing like heading yourself down to Victoria Park to watch the finishers to make you think "I could do that next year". Inspiring, euphoric - and that's just the feeling of running over the Harbour Bridge. Dust off your trainers, join a club or grab a pal, and get ready for next year, when it will be just you and 16,500 other people.
Details: Auckland marathon is on Sunday, kicking off at Devonport at 6am. Visit the website here for more info.
Big cats tackling the ocean
Nope, not the America's Cup revisited, but those big, fat noisy inflatables battling out to become the King Of The Harbour or show off in the surf. On Saturday morning, catch the thundercats as they race from Takapuna beach to Coromandel Township at speeds close to 100 kph (leaving approximately 11am, back around 12.30pm). On Sunday the beach is full of bronzed bodies and the scent of petrol for the surf-cross event at the beach (at more modest 90kph).
Details: Thundercat Racing Association Takapuna Beach Summer Series. Saturday and Sunday. Visit their website.
Cycle Challenge
Shave your legs, pack up the Pinarello and hit the meanest mountains of the Coromandel for Cranleigh K2, known as the toughest one day cycle challenge in the Southern Hemisphere. Sure the terrain is pretty - bush, Pacific coastlines, farmland and the pohutakawas of the Hauraki Gulf - but this year's K2, starting in Whitianga and heading through Coromandel, Thames, Tairua and back to Whitianga is mostly pain. Watch the elite men complete all 192 km in less than 6 hours or try smaller courses of 149km, 96 or 43km. This is the closest we get to the Tour de France. Sorta.
Details: Visit the website.
Or just eat and be damned
Forget the exercise. The greedy amongst us are heading to Hawkes Bay for the second annual Food and Wine Classic (or FAWC!, geddit?). With novel dining from deco-style Pimms parties on the Parade, Martin Bosley's pop up oyster bar or Argentinian barbecue to fine dining at Cape Kidnappers or Craggy Range's Terroir, cooking classes, producer tours, winery trails...this showcases the best of our best foodie province.
Details: Saturday November 2 to Sunday November 10. Tickets still available from the website.
Check out this weekend's weather:
Find out the best bits from Life & Style this week:
Follow Life & Style Online on Twitter here. Follow Life & Style Editor Nicky Park on Twitter and Instagram. Follow Weekend Life Editor Catherine Smith on Twitter and Instagram.


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This was our first time ever, going to the beach and not staying directly on the beach. We were not really excited about this at all. However when we got to the house, it all changed! The house is beautiful. When you walk in you feel like you are home and not in some rental house. We loved below the house with the pond, chairs, swing, and hammock!
we did rent a golf cart which really made the week better!
I would love to write that this was the worst house at ocean isle so then my family would have first pick of this house to rent each summer!
Thanks for sharing this house with all of us. We had an incredible week and will def. stay in this same house again!!!!


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Any move that leads to the reinforcement of democracy in Italy can only be welcomed, and the prospect of the far right (13.5 per cent of the vote at the last election) coming in from the cold and working hard to improve democratic institutions is obviously a heartening one. However, grave doubts exist as to whether this scenario, which is the one Mr Fini would like the world to believe, in fact corresponds to reality. Nor is the problem simply a question, as many commentators have suggested, of the new party slowly ridding itself of its past; of a process as yet incomplete, but which has begun well.
Rather, there is considerable evidence to show that the essential features of the National Alliance - its structure, ideology and strategy - are far from most notions of democracy.
In the first place, the National Alliance is, in its internal structures, a much less democratic party than its neo-Fascist predecessor. The statute of the new party gives unprecedented power to the president, Mr Fini himself. He chooses half of the 500 delegates to the party conference, nominates the 100 members of the directive committee, and "constitutes" the 25 members of the executive.
Of course, as both British and Italian experiences teach us, modern political parties are very rarely models of democracy. However, the statute of the National Alliance has almost nothing to do with democracy at all. As the historian Nicola Tranfaglia has pointed out, it bears an uncanny resemblance to the 1938 constitution of the Fascist party. Gianfranco Fini is a dictator within his own party, an honour he shares with his closest ally, Silvio Berlusconi.
The National Alliance's performance while in power in 1994 was not a distinguished one. It was characterised principally by the aping of one of the worst features of the Christian Democrats' long reign - the "occupation" of the state. Mr Fini's troops soon showed that they were going to grab as many important posts as they could. Nowhere was this more evident than in the key sector of Post and Telecommunications, a ministry with much patronage to dispense and held by Pinuccio Tatarella, one of Fini's closest colleagues.
Telemontecarlo, the principal rival to Silvio Berlusconi's commercial channels, waited in vain for Tatarella's ministry to grant it the frequencies that would give it nationwide coverage. Meanwhile, Mr Fini's biographer became director of all radio programmes in the state-owned RAI. There was nothing particularly new in all this; it was just time-honoured clientelism with a few new faces.
Where the National Alliance was more innovative, and more sinister, was in its repeated attacks on those areas of the Italian state that had fought hard for a measure of autonomy over the previous decades. The Bank of Italy under Antonio Fazio came under repeated fire, as did the Superior Council of Magistrates, which has consistently backed the anti-corruption pool of judges in Milan.
Both institutions were accused of being anti-government and too left wing (this last is a truly strange charge to be levelled at the Bank of Italy). If the independence of these judicial and financial bodies were to disappear, so, too, would the few checks upon the executive's power in Italy. The results for democracy would be grave.
Other doubts, too, are worth mentioning. At the founding congress of the National Alliance, the most popular books were not the classics of liberal democracy, but those of the anti-democratic and racist European right. Julius Evola, a cult figure for the MSI, who in 1938 distinguished himself for his anti-Semitic campaigning and also wrote a preface to the Protocols of Zion, was among those who sold best. Behind this fact lies a fundamental weakness: the far right in Italy has no democratic culture to speak of, and its history is founded on the destruction of liberalism.
In international affairs, Mr Fini is as yet uncertain. A return to Mussolini's Mediterranean and African expansionism is inconceivable. On the other hand, the National Alliance has made repeated noises about renegotiating Italian borders, and as soon as it came to power in 1994 an ugly row began with Slovenia. As for Europe, there are few signs that the members of the National Alliance are enthusiastic, or would like to see Italy more closely bound. Integration means regulation, which ill-corresponds with Fini's and Berlusconi's happy intertwining of private interests with thestate sector.
Finally, a glimpse into the future. Forza Italia and the National Alliance are now locked into an iron partnership, with the Fininvest lawyer Cesare Previti - an ex-Fascist - as its lynch pin. These two parties have a very good chance of winning the next national elections, probably scheduled for October of this year. What then for Italy?
The formal rules of democracy will remain untouched, but the constitution will be changed, parliament will be demoted, and an overstrong presidential figure will emerge. Independent elements within the Italian state, such as the reforming magistrates, will be muzzled, and the relative autonomy of the Bank of Italy will disappear. Public and private television will become the sites of unashamed political propaganda. Above all, the country will be more deeply divided than at any time since the 1950s. For all their smooth exteriors, neither Fini nor Berlusconi are consensus builders. This means trouble, not only within Italy but without, for the public debt cannot be reduced without a clear social strategy.
As was evident last November, a socially unjust division of the economic burden, which penalises dependent workers and privileges the self-employed, will meet with the stiffest opposition from the trade unions and rekindle Italy's considerable labour traditions. A divided Italy that cannot reduce its public debt is not a good bet for Europe.
Of course, this could all be alarmist left-wing hogwash. Perhaps Gianfranco Fini really intends to leave the Bank of Italy alone. Perhaps Silvio Berlusconi intends to sell his television channels and introduce fair rules for mass communications in Italy. Perhaps they will both encourage the magistrates to go on rooting out corruption, clientelism and the Mafia. Perhaps Italian democracy, not a grand old lady but not without her merits, is safe in their hands. In which case I will be the first to cheer, and promise to eat my hat.
Paul Ginsborg is the author of `A History of Contemporary Italy' (Penguin).
- More about:
- Italian Fashion
- Radio
- Silvio Berlusconi
- Southern Europe


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Alarm Communications Crisis Looms
On April 8, the FCC issued a public statement in the form of a document titled, FCC Announces Broadband Action Agenda, that in essence says whether anyone likes it or not we're going to phase out plain old telephone service (POTS), also known as the public switched telephone network (PSTN)…
Al Colombo April 30, 2010
Early on, fire alarm signaling literally hung on a wire. Common means of signaling included McCullough loop, direct connect, leased line and just about any other variation you can think of. In due time the industry moved toward the transmission of digital data over traditional phone lines using what came to be known as a digital dialer, or digital communicator. Today, in the life-safety world, we know this device as a digital alarm communicator transmitter (DACT).
The DACT began to gain in use and popularity simply because nearly every home or business had a plain old telephone service (POTS) line in it. This fact, combined with ease of installation, monitoring became easier to sell and the opportunity to do so can largely be attributed to the proliferation of POTS throughout society. Up until now the client would have had to pay for a leased, or dedicated line in order to transport their alarm signals to a central station. You can see why POTS became the predominant method employed for alarm signaling.
Article TopicsFire/Life Safety · Fire/Life Safety 2 · Digital Alarm Communicator Receiver · Digital Alarm Communicator Transmitter DACT · ESA · Fire Side Chat · Fire Side Chat with Al Colombo · POTS · All Topics
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March 07, 2013 - by Joyent
Technical demo showing you how to run Chef on SmartOS.
This Webinar showcases:
Cookbook/add user demo
Bacula is coming soon! New utility server and why we built it!
Coming soon! More recipes on Joyent-Chef Cookbooks on Github: github.com/joyent


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A protocol for a trial of homeopathic treatment for irritable bowel syndrome
Clinical research
Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic condition with no known cure. Many sufferers seek complementary and alternative medicine including homeopathic treatment. However there is much controversy as to the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. This three-armed study seeks to explore the effectiveness of individualised homeopathic treatment plus usual care compared to both an attention control plus usual care and usual care alone, for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
This is a three-armed pragmatic randomised controlled trial using the cohort multiple randomised trial methodology. Patients are recruited to an irritable bowel syndrome cohort from primary and secondary care using GP databases and consultants lists respectively. From this cohort patients are randomly selected to be offered, 5 sessions of homeopathic treatment plus usual care, 5 sessions of supportive listening plus usual care or usual care alone. The primary clinical outcome is the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom Severity at 26 weeks.
From a power calculation, it is estimated that 33 people will be needed for the homeopathic treatment arm and 132 for the usual care arm, to detect a minimal clinical difference at 80 percent power and 5 percent significance allowing for loss to follow up. An unequal group size has been used for reasons of cost. Analysis will be by intention to treat and will compare homeopathic treatment with usual care at 26 weeks as the primary analysis, and homeopathic treatment with supportive listening as an additional analysis.
This trial has received NHS approval and results are expected in 2013.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN90651143
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common, chronic disorder that affects approximately 10% - 22% of the population
The prognosis for recovery with IBS is poor. A one year prospective evaluation found that although 50% of patients improved over the year, improvement was minor in terms of IBS symptoms such as pain, constipation and diarrhoea
A significant proportion of patients with gastrointestinal disorders use complementary or alternative medicine, between 11% and 43% according to one systematic review
A literature search for trials of homeopathic treatment for IBS using the search terms 'irritable bowel syndrome', or 'irritable colon' and 'homeopathy' identified many case reports e.g. a clinical audit
The majority of previous trials of homeopathic treatment focus on the homeopathic medicine as the key ingredient and as such compare changes in health of subjects having a homeopathic consultation plus a homeopathic medicine with changes in health in subjects having a homeopathic consultation plus a placebo medicine, Figure
Figure 1
Standard RCT for homeopathic treatment
Standard RCT for homeopathic treatment.
For this study supportive listening was chosen as the "attention control". Supportive listening is a non-specific treatment that has been used in previous trials of psychological therapies for IBS
Therefore, in this study we are attempting to assess whether homeopathic treatment (consultation plus homeopathic medicine) is more effective than usual care alone and whether homeopathic treatment is any more effective than spending time with an empathetic and caring practitioner as assessed by change in IBS symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) between baseline and 26 weeks. This study aims to test the whole intervention of "homeopathic treatment". It is not aiming to, and nor is it designed to, give new insights into the question as to the effects of homeopathic medicines
The aims of this study are:
▪ to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of homeopathic treatment plus usual care as compared to usual care alone for patients with IBS.
▪ to test whether supportive listening is a feasible attention control for homeopathic treatment.
This study uses the Cohort multiple RCT design
Identification and recruitment
The Cohort multiple RCT design involves the recruitment of a cohort of people to an observational study. These people agree to be observed over time for research purposes through completing questionnaires. Those in the cohort may then subsequently be identified as eligible to take part in one or more RCTs. The cohort used in this study (termed the Barnsley irritable bowel syndrome cohort (BIBSC)) was set up specifically for this study. However there is the potential for other RCTs to be carried out in the future using the BIBSC. Once identified as eligible to take part in this RCT participants are either randomly selected to be offered a treatment (in this instance supportive listening or homeopathic treatment) or randomly selected to make up the control arm of the RCT. Patients who are randomly selected to one of the two treatment arms give their consent to treatment at this point. Figure
Figure 2
Flow diagram for trial showing intervention and non-intervention arms
Flow diagram for trial showing intervention and non-intervention arms.
Potentially eligible participants for recruitment to the IBS cohort are identified through two routes:
Primary care: GP databases are searched for the names and addresses of patients aged over 18 with a diagnosis of IBS or given medications used to treat IBS symptoms and who have consulted their GP for IBS within the last two years.
Secondary care: Patients are identified by Gastroenterological clinicians at Barnsley Hospital.
The Episode study
Those identified as potentially eligible for recruitment to the IBS cohort are sent a letter inviting them to take part in an observational study along with a questionnaire to complete and return. This questionnaire forms the baseline questionnaire and is used to identify those eligible for the RCT and the cohort.
There are two sets of inclusion criteria for this study, inclusion criteria for the cohort and inclusion criteria for the RCT study. Figure
Figure 3
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Randomisation and blinding
Eligible participants are randomised to, homeopathic treatment plus usual care or supportive listening plus usual care or usual care alone by the shuffling of sealed opaque envelopes containing the allocation. Questionnaires from participants consenting and meeting the eligibility criteria are taken one at a time, at the same time a sealed opaque envelope containing the allocation is taken from the top of the shuffled pack and opened and the allocation noted. This is carried out by an independent administrator at the University of Sheffield, in the presence of another independent administrator. Letters offering treatment are then sent to those randomly allocated to one of the two active treatment arms.
Neither the nature of the interventions in this study nor the study design allows for the masking of the therapists or the participants. However data are inputted and analysed blind to treatment allocation.
Participants allocated to the offer of homeopathic treatment or the offer of supportive listening are offered up to five one hour appointments at Barnsley Hospital over a six month period. Due to the pragmatic nature of this trial it will be for the participants to decide as to whether or not they attend all five sessions, however they will be encouraged to attend appointments as would be the case in usual practice. All participants remain in the care of their GP and continue to receive their usual NHS treatments. Homeopathic treatment involves a homeopathic consultation followed by the prescription of a homeopathic medicine and is provided by professional homeopaths registered with the Society of Homeopaths with at least five years experience. The homeopaths providing treatment in this study do not have a particular specialism in IBS, however they have taken part in a previous trial assessing the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment for fibromyalgia
Supportive listening is based on the theories and counselling techniques of Carl Rogers
The patients' perceptions of the effects of interventions and their acceptability to patients will be assessed in a nested qualitative study exploring patient and practitioner experiences of delivering and receiving treatment within the trial. This qualitative study will take the form of hour-long semi-structured interviews aimed at eliciting information about what, it anything patients perceive to have led to any improvement in their IBS or general health. The aim being to explore patients perceptions of the treatment they received, what, if anything they believe led to any effectiveness the treatment and their views on the acceptability of the treatment. It is the intention to publish full details of the qualitative study at a later date.
Outcome measures
The primary outcome measure is the IBS Symptom Severity Scoring (IBS-SSS)
Cost effectiveness is calculated using the EQ-5D, a measure of health related quality of life along with data collected on medication and health services usage and absences from work.
The credibility of the treatments to the patients is assessed using a validated measure originally designed by Borkovec
Outcomes are sought by postal questionnaire at baseline, 26 weeks and 52 weeks. The primary endpoint of this study is 26 weeks, whilst the 52 week questionnaire will provide data on the longer term effectiveness of the interventions.
Sample size
The RCT sample size calculation has been based on the primary outcome, which is the change in IBS-SSS between baseline and 26 weeks. The IBS-SSS is based on a series of visual analogue scales (VAS) and has been validated for use in assessing IBS severity. It is scored between 0 and 500 and a higher score indicates more severe IBS. A change of 50 points is considered to be a clinically relevant change
A 4:1:1 ratio of usual care: homeopathic treatment: supportive listening was chosen for this trial because of cost limitations. The cost of providing homeopathic treatment or supportive listening was higher than costs associated with the usual care arm of the trial. Using unequal group size provides a means of reducing the cost of a trial whilst maintaining power
Data analysis
Descriptive statistics and a CONSORT type flow diagram
Data are analysed on an intention to treat basis using a 2-sided 5% significance level. All participants are included in the group they were randomised to regardless of whether they received their allocated treatment. The primary outcome is the mean change in IBS-SSS between baseline and 26 weeks assessed using analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline scores. The percentage of those achieving a clinically relevant change of 50 points on the IBS-SSS will be reported for each of the three groups. The mean change in HADS between baseline and 26 weeks will also be assessed using analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline scores. All data are tested for normality and where normality is not met the equivalent nonparametric tests will be used.
This research received ethics approval from the Leeds East Research Ethics Committee (10H/1306/73).Results are expected in 2013.
Competing interests
Clare Walters and Jackie Raw work part time as self-employed homeopaths.
Authors' contributions
EP has taken the lead role in drafting and revising the manuscript. EP and CR wrote the protocol. JR, KT, CS and CW have all played significant roles in developing the study protocol and have helped revise the manuscript critically. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Barnsley Hospital Small Grants Fund, Friends of Barnsley Hospital and the Homeopathy Research Institute have funded this study. EP has been funded by the University of Leeds as part of her PhD research. We thank Andrea Nelson and Joanne Greenhalgh for critically reviewing the manuscript and Theresa Munyombwe who provided statistical support.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases in two British national birth cohorts
Health-related quality of life and cost impact of irritable bowel syndrome in a UK primary care setting
The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome III process
Predictive factors of irritable bowel syndrome improvement: 1-year prospective evaluation in 400 patients
Health-related quality of life and health care costs in severe, refractory irritable bowel syndrome
Health-related quality of life, work productivity, and health care resource utilization of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome: Baseline results from LOGIC (longitudinal outcomes study of gastrointestinal symptoms in Canada), a naturalistic study
Irritable bowel syndrome, health care use, and costs: A US managed care perspective
Health-related quality of life, work productivity, and health care resource utilization of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome: Baseline results from logic (longitudinal outcomes study of gastrointestinal symptoms in Canada), a naturalistic study
Psychological treatments for the management of irritable bowel syndrome
A systematic review of alternative therapies in the irritable bowel syndrome
Homeopathic treatment for chronic disease: A 6-year, University-Hospital outpatient observational study
Outcomes from homeopathic prescribing in medical practice: A prospective, research-targeted, pilot study
Towards standard setting for patient-reported outcomes in the NHS homeopathic hospitals
Homeopathy is where the harm is: five unethical effects of funding unscientific 'remedies'
Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy
Homeopathy has clinical benefits in rheumatoid arthritis patients that are attributable to the consultation process but not the homeopathic remedy: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Bounds Green Group Practice
How I treat irritable bowel disease: A survey of 25 consecutive patients
Zur Behandlung des Colon irritable - Ein multizentrischer plazebo-kontrollierter Doppelblindversuch in der Allgemeinen Praxis
Asafoetida bei Colon irritable - Doppelblind versuch
An investigation into the homoeopathic treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
The placebo-controlled trial as a test of complementary and alternative medicine: observations from research experience of individualised homeopathic treatment
An exploratory study of the contextual effect of homeopathic care. A randomised controlled trial of homeopathic care vs. self-prescribed homeopathic medicine in the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections in children.
A randomised controlled trial of psychotherapy in patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome
Fatigue Intervention by Nurses Evaluation - The FINE Trial. A randomised controlled trial of nurse led self-help treatment for patients in primary care with chronic fatigue syndrome: study protocol. ISRCTN74156610
Protocol for the saMS trial (supportive adjustment for multiple sclerosis): a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavioral therapy to supportive listening for adjustment to multiple sclerosis
Rethinking pragmatic randomised controlled trials: introducing the "cohort multiple randomised controlled trial" design
A comparison of irritable bowel syndrome patients managed in primary and secondary care: The episode IBS study
Healthcare provided by a homeopath as an adjunct to usual care for Fibromyalgia (FMS): results of a pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
The irritable bowel severity scoring system: A simple method of monitoring irritable bowel syndrome and its progress
The hospital anxiety and depression scale
EuroQol - A new facility for the measurement of health-related quality-of-life
Further validation of the IBS-QOL: A disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire
Credibility of analogue therapy rationales
Cognitive-behavioral therapy versus education and desipramine versus placebo for moderate to severe functional bowel disorders
The consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure: development and preliminary validation and reliability of an empathy-based consultation process measure
Examining the validity of pressure ulcer risk assessment scales: developing and using illustrated patient simulations to collect the data
The use of unequal randomisation ratios in clinical trials: A review
Components of placebo effect: randomised controlled trial inpatients with irritable bowel syndrome
A randomized controlled trial of a cognitive behavioural therapy-based self-management intervention for irritable bowel syndrome in primary care
Structured patient education is superior to written information in the management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized controlled study
Acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome - an exploratory randomised controlled trial
Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials - The CONSORT statement
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Palmar hyperhidrosis
In normal weather I would feel a slight pain in my palm skin. A sweet pain precisely. Thereafter the temperature rises and there is a release of sweat. Nervousness is not the problem. I hv hd googled everything. Nothing promising. What do you reckon? Pls advice.
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Try Aldry lotion daily at bedtime in the beginning and then reduce the frequency of applications as the condition improve.
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Scab help please....?
Scabs are there for a reason, to protect the wound whilst the new skin grows, Try not to pick it off.You could try and cover it with a breathable gauze such as mereopore, which will allow the expo...
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