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Contact Us
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The Green River Chamber Welcomes You!
1155 W Flaming Gorge Way
Green River, WY 82935
2017 River Festival Booths
The Green River Chamber of Commerce is working on the River Festival that will take place August 18 & 19, 2017 at Expedition Island. We are inviting you to have a booth at the event. The Festival has grown tremendously in the past few years! I have enclosed a schedule of events that will be taking place. Last year we had 150 Marathon Racers from all over the United States! We sold out of all 800 of the Cajun Shrimp Boil Tickets and had over 3,500 individuals watching or participating in all the fun.
We have a limited number of booths that will be available and we are working towards bringing in unique home made products and local art—your products are just what we are looking for! Booths are $65.00 per 14 x 14 spaces; there will be a discount for loyalty vendors who have had a booth with us for five years or more for $50; I have also enclosed a booth application form.
Information on participating vendors will be placed in participant's packets and card rack promotional piece that is distributed throughout the community. Deadline to be placed in the rack card is July 10th.
Download the link below to fill out the application. Return to the Green River Chamber of Commerce at 1155 W Flaming Gorge Way or fax it to 307-872-6192.
2017 Vendor Booth Application
for volunteering opportunities!
Green River Chamber
Upcoming Events
Welcome New Members


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Visit our other Wisconsin Historical Society websites!
A boy standing in the midsts of the ruins of the Dreher Farm after it was hit by a tornado.
Image ID: 37186
Creation Date: 1914-05-11
Creator Name: Unknown
City: Oregon
County: Dane
State: Wisconsin
Collection Name: Storm photographs, 1911-1917
Genre: Photograph
Original Format Type: photographic print, b&w
Original Format Number: PH 6153
Original Dimensions: 4 x 6 inches
Such as home display or a gift.
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This image is issued by the Wisconsin Historical Society. Use of the image requires written permission from the staff of the Division of Library-Archives. It may not be sold or redistributed, copied or distributed as a photograph, electronic file, or any other media. The image should not be significantly altered through conventional or electronic means. Images altered beyond standard cropping and resizing require further negotiation with a staff member. The user is responsible for all issues of copyright. Please Credit: Wisconsin Historical Society.
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Defining Permission, Copyright and Terms of Use
Jim Widmer's "Spirit of Rural Wisconsin," Part II
© 1996-2017 Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706

subset: commoncrawl


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msn real estate site. They're not technically offices, but shedworkers and microarchitecture buffs will be interested to see them. Above is Peter Bahouth's 12ft by 15ft treehouse in Atlanta, one of three connected by rope bridges which he designed himself.
Thursday posts are sponsored by Atelier garden studios which are sustainable, stylish, flexible, functional and future proofed


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James AshmanMature
So Aubrey was dead? Must say that I wouldn't have really noticed. But then very little of what goes on at this tip of a school actually bothers me to make notice. Though i was intrigued by the Cop. He was certainly making a name for himself in my books, all ready he'd talked to several other people including that stuck model Brandon Roth. Jeez, couldn't the guy make it anymore obvious that he had more silicon in his body that Katie Price? Seriously. Some of us actually work to look good. As usual for this time of week I had to sit through Mr. Kerr's ever so enlightening (!) maths lesson and to be truthfully honest with you...I think I actually fell asleep though I did catch something about circles and sums. Once the bell had gone Kerr's voice was lost in the din and desperate rush of everyone to get the hell outta the class but odds on it was something about homework.
Come the end of the day I got home and was actually glad to get out of my uniform, sometimes i wonder why i even bother going to school. Don't get me wrong I don't act like a complete and total prick because I'm a general pain in the ass to society, unlike Roth, but its just that I know all this stuff all ready. I ate it for breakfast as a kid, with thanks to a University mathematics lecturer for a father. Mom's brainy as hell too though its hard to see why she gave up her career in law just to have me? God knows i've told her to get her bar exam now that I'm old enough to look after myself and I think the idea is starting to grow on her but that may just be because of the money it'd bring in and me and dad know all about the re-decoration of the house she so desperately wants. Changing into my old gear I head for the garage and am glad there's no-one home cos it gives me some quality lone time. Hitting the open switch on the door I pull off the dust sheet which protects the bike underneath. I found it in a pile for scrappage but thought I'd rescue it and so I did but the thing was so old and rusty that the engine spat out dust. Anyway I'm working on my Bike license and am under the proviso I can keep this bike if I look after it properly and drive responsibly. Which is why I'm fitting it together with new or new-ish parts out of my own allowance. Fitting the bits to the bike and what not is kinda theraputic for me and soon I'm lost in a world of my own until my dad's car drives up alongside and toots the horn. Apparently he'd finished early and picked mom up to go shopping for tea so finishing with the bike for that evening I pull the dust sheet back over and head upstairs for a shower to get ready for dinner


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Isabella: I'm Not The Only One
"Hello, Isabella. I'm Malachite." Malachite said. I smiled at him.
"Hello." I began to feel more comfortable. I wasn't the only one. Herity flew off my shoulder and landed on the ground. She then transformed to her favorite form and smiled at the other two. "Um.. Jake, Malachite this is Herity. She's my guardian."
"Good afternoon." She said nodding her head.


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In 1700, some 250,000 white and black inhabitants populated the thirteen American colonies, with the vast majority of whites either born in England or descended from English immigrants. By 1776, the non-Native American population had increased tenfold, and non-English Europeans and Africans dominated new immigration. Of all the European immigrant groups, the Germans may have been the largest.
Aaron Spencer Fogleman has written the first comprehensive history of this eighteenth-century German settlement of North America. Utilizing a vast body of published and archival sources, many of them never before made accessible outside of Germany, Fogleman emphasizes the importance of German immigration to colonial America, the European context of the Germans' emigration, and the importance of networks to their success in America


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Submit your calendar items and notices to…
• Interested in fostering or adopting a New Mexico child? Call CYFD at 1-800-432-2075 for more information.
8 to 11 a.m.
Benefit breakfast featuring an all-you-can-eat buffet featuring French toast, bacon, sausage, fruit, cold cereal, biscuits and gravy, eggs, potatoes, green chile, pancakes, tea, coffee, juice, and milk takes place at the Masonic Building at 518 Douglas. Beneficiaries of this month's breakfast are Rio Valley Charter School, Masonic Scholarships and Bikes for Books.
Feb. 6 to April 17
10:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.
Carnegie Library Story Time takes place in the children's area of the library. All programs are free and open to the public.
Submitted to the Optic
Catholic Daughters of Immaculate Conception Parish (Court Empress of the Americas #1796) have joined Catholic Daughter Courts throughout the nation in sponsoring the 2017 National Education Contest. The contest is open to Catholic and non-Catholic students in grades four through 12 as well as adult Catholic Daughters.
Themes for the contest are "Whatever you do for the least of my breathen, you do for me," and "Helping the needy where I live."
Divisions and categories:
The Cultural Properties Review Committee and the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division are accepting nominations of outstanding preservation work for awards that will be presented in May as part of National Heritage Preservation Month.
HPD and the New Mexico Heritage Preservation Alliance also are seeking events to post in the Calendar of Events, which lists dozens of community preservation events held in May statewide.
6:30 p.m.
The breakfast and lunch menu for the Las Vegas/Pecos Senior Centers, with 2 percent milk served with all meals.
Menu for Jan. 25 to Jan. 31.
Breakfast: Bacon burrito with egg, bacon, and cheese on a tortilla
Lunch: Meatloaf, scalloped potatoes, green beans, whole wheat roll, and tapioca pudding
Breakfast: Sausage, salsa, hashbrowns, toast and jelly
Lunch: Sweet and sour pork, brown rice, steamed carrots, crackers, and orange
10:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.
Carnegie Library Story Time takes place in the children's area of the library. All programs are free and open to the public.
6 to 7:30 p.m.
Las Vegas City Schools will hold a public information meeting to discuss the right sizing of schools at the Robertson High School band room located on Fourth Street.
Copyright © 2017
The Las Vegas Optic is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in San Miguel County and Las Vegas, NM, and the surrounding area.


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Store Details
When was the last time you checked out woodworking tools at your local hardware store? We've got that and more at the Paramount, CA Home Depot! Whether you need advice on selecting a mini refrigerator or you're just browsing for vinyl tile, we've got you covered.
We love our community and show it by supporting the City of Paramount, Veterans Assistance and Team Depot. Let our friendly, knowledgeable team help you get all the supplies you're looking for, so your next home improvement project can be a success. We're at the corner of Alondra Blvd. & Home Depot Way near the 710 Freeway.
We strive for 100 percent customer satisfaction and pride ourselves on excellent customer service. Please come by and visit our store and experience our world-class customer service. If you have any questions, comments or concerns please feel free to reach out to us!
The Home Depot in Paramount is here to help you build your dream project one brick at a time!
Have a great day,
Your Paramount Store Team


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How long does it take for ELF to ship?
You live in Kansas? It should take about 8 business days to ship, according to the site map. Then again, it told me I'd have to wait 10 days and it was delivered in like 7 business days. But you ca...
Read More »
How long does it take to ship a car?
It can take five to 14 days to ship a car, depending on how long the shipment needs to travel. In addition to distance, other factors that can impact shipping time are weather, the amount of cars b...
Read More »
How long does it take to ship a USPS package?
If a package is shipped by the United States Postal Service by Express Mail it's guaranteed to be there overnight. Packages shipped by Priority Mail take two to three days. The USPS recommends that...
Read More »
How long does First Class mail take to ship?
The United States Postal Services (USPS) First Class mail service typically takes one to three days to ship. Postcards, packages weighing 13 oz. or less or letters weighing 3.5 oz. or less can use ...
Read More »
How long does it take to ship by UPS ground from Miami to New Hampshire?
According to the UPS Ground Service Map, a package shipped from Miami, Florida (zip code 33130) will take three business days to arrive anywhere in the state of New Hampshire. Business delivery day...
Read More »


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Q: How many efficiency experts does it take to replace a light bulb? Australian Shepherd: First, gather all the light bulbs in a little circle. Those heavily invested in today's energy sources are not going to walk away from their investments unless it is attractive do so. Quick Hit target Organ Damage HeartLVH MI CHF Brainstroke TIA Chronic kidney disease Peripheral vascular disease Retinopathy Quick Hit HTN is an asymptomatic disease silent killer it causes insidious damage to the following target organs heart eyes CNS kidneys. Clinical trials Through prostate cancer clinical trials researchers test the effects of new medications on a group of volunteers with prostate cancer. Estro female estrogenic gluco sugar glucagon In this term agon means to assemble or gather together. Because I was in love with this machine, I was very patient.
Of Animals Gathered Together In A Cave And Grooving With A Pict. Wilko Johnson. Now Emma De Caunes joins an ensemble cast for a whimsical deconstruction of the Hollywood musical. Features Interview 37 12 Aug 2005 Animation Once Again Stuart Clark The campaign to unleash Eyebrowy onto the national irways starts here Features Interview 37 25 May 2006 Caught in the net Stuart Clark Forget arses and elbows, the BBC don't know their taxi drivers from their computer experts. Stephen Ryan and Eileen Gogan talk new beginnings, old friends and the art of being patient with Roisin Dwyer. I need an expert on this house to solve my problem.
So, it is a short process and can be serve the patients within a very short time.


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Latest Weather Blog
Content Tagged As sites
Tagged News
One Ascension school returns, another moves to temporary site after flood Play Video
March 3, 2017 4:08 PMST. AMANT – Two Ascension schools displaced from the historic August flooding finally moved from their temporary sites Monday morning. Lake Elementary moved from host sites Duplessis Primary, Prarieville Middle and the old RPCC campus to temporary buildings on its home campus. St. Amant Primary moved its PreK through... more »
DSNAP sites announced for Iberville, West Baton Rouge, West Feliciana and other parishes
September 2, 2016 12:01 PMBATON ROUGE – The Louisiana Department of Children and Family Services has announced DSNAP locations for residents in Iberville, Evangeline, Jefferson Davis, St. James, St. Martin, St. Tammany Washington, West Baton Rouge and West Feliciana parishes. This will be the third week that DSNAP sites have been in operation... more »
Two more days for DSNAP phase 2 applications
August 25, 2016 4:43 PMBATON ROUGE – State officials anncouned locations for Phase 2 of DSNAP application process for residents impacted by last week's historic flooding. Phase 2 includes sites in Acadia, Ascension, East Baton Rouge and Lafayette parishes starting next week. Applications will be accepted at the DSNAP sites starting Monday, Aug.... more »
Distribution sites for MREs and water open Wednesday
August 16, 2016 8:25 PMLIVINGSTON – Sites are now set up for distributing MRE's and water to residents that have been impacted by the recent flooding. The sites have been set up by Livingston Parish Office of Homeland Security, the Louisiana Army and Air National Guard and the American Red Cross. The distribution... more »
DSNAP sites for Ascension Parish and others to begin on Wednesday
March 29, 2016 4:41 PMASCENSION - The Louisiana Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) will open Disaster Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (DSNAP) sites starting Wednesday. DSNAP benefits are for the residents impacted by flooding due to severe weather earlier this month. Over the weekend, Jackson, Rapides, Red River and Sabine parishes were added... more »
Glendale, Tampa to host college football title games
December 16, 2013 2:32 PMGlendale, Arizona will host the College Football Playoff championship game in 2016, while Tampa, Florida will be the site of the 2017 title game. The College Football Playoff has announced the sites of the second and third championship games in the new postseason system that goes into effect next season.... more »
LSU will host NCAA regional
May 26, 2013 8:16 PMLSU has been awarded the opportunity of hosting a NCAA Baseball Regional next weekend, after finishing the regular season 52-9 with a SEC Tournament Championship. The Tigers will learn the three other opponents coming to Baton Rouge Monday at 11am CT. By virtue of being awarded a regional,... more »
Sources: Bombing suspects not tied to terror groups
April 23, 2013 10:28 AMWASHINGTON - Two U.S. officials say slain Boston bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev was an ardent reader of jihadist websites and extremist propaganda in the run-up to last week's marathon attacks that killed three people and wounded 180. Authorities believe neither Tamerlan nor his younger brother Dzhokhar had links to terror... more »
More bubbling sites found near sinkhole Play Video
January 22, 2013 5:47 PMBAYOU CORNE - Emergency officials released more information today about new bubbling sites spotted near a sinkhole in Assumption Parish. Surveyors found several sites in the last two days, bringing the total number of recorded bubbling sites in the parish up to 34. The police jury reported the... more »


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
This step is discretionary but will drastically multiply your chances of getting interest from other over 40s members on the site. Type a little about yourself, your pasttimes and attach any nice photographs of yourself.
Use our website's advanced search to encounter over 40s members who satisfy your requirements. Or just browse through listings and encounter singles that you find interesting.
Found someone who meets your requirements? Send a letter to them or just a wink and let it develop from there. With a little luck you'll be on your way to an amazing adventure.
It'll only take a few minutes


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In profit...
Ever heard of Kassem Alom? Neither had we until Tuesday, when he announced his intention to float Al Noor Hospitals, Abu Dhabi's biggest healthcare provider, on the London Stock Exchange.
Al Noor said that it hopes to raise $150m (£98.7m) which would value the company at up to $1bn. Chief executive Alom said the money could be used for acquisitions.
Wednesday saw Sports Direct, the cricket bats and tracksuits empire run by Mike Ashley, buy retailers in Austria and the Baltics.
Tony Wray, the boss of takeover target Severn Trent, pleased investors with an 8.2 per cent dividend hike.
...at a loss
Ryanair boss Michael O'Leary – the man who wanted to charge customers to use the toilet on his budget airline – was seething on Thursday. The Competition Commission confirmed that it wanted Ryanair to sell down its 29.8 per cent stake in Aer Lingus, a rival that O'Leary has long harboured hopes of buying.
Retailer's profit is hit. What's the excuse? That's right — apparently we have rain in Britain! Kingfisher boss Ian Cheshire blamed the wettest March in 50 years for poor first-quarter figures.
Bumi chief executive Nicholas von Schirnding announced a $2.4bn (£1.6bn) pre-tax loss at the scandal-struck miner.
- More about:
- Air Transport
- Cheshire
- Cricket
- Investment
- London Stock Exchange
- Mergers And Acquisitions
- Retail
- Ryanair
- Severn Trent


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Something that just came to me. The muses/evil plot bunny demands it.
A girl wakes up in a cabin, not knowing who she is, how she got there and where she is. All alone in the night in an arctic waste. Will she find who she is?
I felt cold.
So cold…
I was in a bed, draped in woolen sheets, wearing nothing but a sickly green gown with tiny blue dots. It was dark and a mournful howling filled the air. I stirred from sleep slowly, every part of my body heavy and aching.
I couldn't tell where I was, the room of an old cabin by the looks of it. The open window let in the glacial air. Painfully I got out of bed, my gown flapping in the wind, exposing everything, the cold hurt. Mustering what strength I could, I closed the window down, the effort feeling draining. I could barely stand, my legs shaking underneath me.
Rather than investigate, I crawled back to the bed, losing myself to sleep before I could even finish covering myself.
I woke up it was still dark, but a light shone outside, I dragged myself out of the covers and went to look.
Everything outside was frozen, nothing but snow and a tree here and there to break the monotony of the featureless terrain. Above, lights danced in the sky, meeting and parting repeatedly, leaving great lines oscillating between colors behind them.
Must be an Aurora Borealis
It wasn't. And I knew it.
Bare feet, i walked through the room. It was small and overly encumbered; a large bed, a big set of drawers and a small end table. I opened the drawers and found clothes. Underwear, leggings, jeans, a shirt and a woolen overshirt. I couldn't tell if these belonged to me, the fit was passable but not great.
I couldn't tell anything, everything in my mind was hazy, how I'd gotten here, where I was, who I was. It was all a blur, I felt like I could grasp something, but it would slip further away. The bracelet on my hand told me something;
Ophelia White: Allergic to Penicillin.
It was a start.
I looked at the end table, a note waited there, held in place with an empty glass.
"I will be waiting for you. When you wake up, always."
It was signed 'R' something that felt familiar but again I couldn't replace. Underneath the message, a sun had been drawn in bright oranges and yellows.
I put it in my pocket, feeling like it was important, that it meant something to me. I walked to the door and opened it slowly, peaking through the small slit created by doing so.
Nothing, it was dark, lit only by the phenomenon outside, empty of anyone living who could have helped me. I walked into the room proper and examined my surroundings. Like the bedroom it wasn't large, containing little but a futon couch, a coffee table, a bookshelf filled half with book and half with junk, a small waist high cabinet and a large stone fireplace above which a mechanical clock hung, still working.
From there, I could see what seemed like a kitchen, a pair of opposed counters, wall cabinets and a sink with an old style pump. There wasn't any kitchen appliance or signs of electricity at all.
Out the windows, I saw nothing but the snowy wastes. This was the world I woke up in. Surely someone would find me?


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Shop our 43rd Anniversary Sale • Save up to 50% on yarns, needles & more ➤ Shop Now
As sweet as a lullaby in supersoft Debbie Bliss Baby Cashmerino, this Baby's First Blanket & Hat pattern features simple cables worked on moss-stitch rectangles using entrelac techniques and a delicate border of moss-stitch triangles. Follow the workshop at the end of the instructions to perfect the technique of picking up and knitting each piece from the previous one.
This pattern is available as a PDF download.
Blanket: One size, meas. approx. 28" x 28"
Hat: One size, to fit ages 6-9 months
Yarn Requirements:
Blanket: Eight balls of Debbie Bliss Baby Cashmerino in Pale Blue 202
Hat: Two balls of Debbie Bliss Baby Cashmerino in Pale Blue 202
Needle(s): US size 3 (3.25mm) knitting needles; 2 short US size 3 (3.25mm) DPNs
Gauge: 25 sts and 34 rows to 10cm/4in square over St st
This pattern was originally featured in Debbie Bliss Knitting Magazine #4 - Spring/Summer 2010.


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Once upon a time, a carmaker thought it would be a good idea to take a humble family hatchback and add some fizz with a powerful engine and sporty suspension.
The hot hatch was born and has been a favourite of enthusiasts and family buyers alike for nearly four decades for its combination of giant-killing performance and handling with uncompromised practicality.
The good news is that there's a bumper crop of new hot hatches for New Zealand buyers: some just landed, some on the way.
By the way, the car generally regarded as the first hot hatch was the Volkswagen Golf GTI of 1975. There's a new seventh-generation version of that car coming too.
How hot, how much? 2.0-litre turbo with 221kW/380Nm, 0-100km/h 4.8sec, $83,700.
The S3 is quite, quite mad: near-supercar performance in a quietly unassuming package.
We drove it in three-door form earlier this year in Germany, but by the time the S3 makes it to New Zealand it will have grown another couple of doors and become a Sportback.
The S3 will come as standard with the S-tronic dual-clutch gearbox and quattro four-wheel drive. It has the same extremely high level of cabin trim as the rest of the A3 range, the difference being that you grip the steering wheel a lot tighter. A lot.
How hot, how much? 1.6-litre turbo with 134kW/240Nm (149kW/290Nm on overboost), 0-100km/h 6.9sec, $34,990.
We hate to play favourites, but the Fiesta ST is arguably the hot hatch we are most excited about driving. Ford's ST credentials are now well established following the launch of the Focus ST. The Fiesta has much in common with that car: a high-powered EcoBoost engine, conventional (some might say "proper") manual gearbox and a great base car to build upon.
However, the Fiesta ST is also smaller, lighter, undoubtedly more nimble and has the potential to be even more fun because it doesn't have to pretend to be at all grown-up. The steering, suspension, brakes and stability control are all modified for this car compared with the standard Fiesta.
How hot, how much? 1.4-litre turbo with 103kW/201Nm, 0-100km/h 7.5sec, $27,000 (est).
A Barina with an interest in body-building? Yes, it's real. Holden looks set to bring its own version of the American-market Chevrolet Sonic RS to New Zealand later this year. It won't necessarily give you whiplash, but it does seem to be a properly developed hot hatch: the engine is from the previous-generation Cruze iTi, while the six-speed automatic has revised ratios.
The RS rides on lowered suspension, wears a body kit and features a flat-bottomed steering wheel and sports seats. The car is yet to be announced official so we can't give you a price, but we heard a whisper about the pricing.
How hot, how much? 1.6-litre turbo with 150kW/265Nm, 0-100km/h 7.7sec, price TBC.
The Pro-Cee'd is a hot hatch based on the European-market Cee'd a variation of the small car we see here as Cerato. Now, Cee'd was never intended to find its way to this part of the world, but Kia Australia has not been able to resist giving its range a bit of a hurry-up and has confirmed a limited run of the Pro-Cee'd for later this year.
Kia New Zealand is not as keen to go public, but we'd be very surprised if you don't see this 150kW machine on the local price list on indent order at the very least.
How hot, how much? 2.0-litre turbo with 265kW/450Nm, 0-100km/h 4.6sec, $94,900.
Maybe Audi isn't so mad after all. AMG: you might remember them from such cars as monster V8 sedans and crossovers. Well, when AMG turns its hand to a hot hatch you get the world's most powerful production four-cylinder engine and a small car that's been thoroughly redeveloped with bespoke steering, suspension and braking systems.
The A45 AMG also picks up full-time four-wheel drive; partly because AMG does not have warm feelings about front-drive cars, but also because 265kW would be impossible to deliver without it.
How hot, how much? 1.6-litre turbo with 140kW/240Nm, $39,990.
We told you lots about this car already. What we haven't done is drive it, but that'll come very soon.
The Pulsar SSS brings back an iconic badge (well, two if you want to be really pedantic) and produces plenty of power and torque. The tricky bit might be the continuously variable transmission (CVT) that comes as standard with the car, which is an unusual choice for a performance car.
But like we said, we'll let you know ...
How hot, how much? 1.6-litre turbo with 147kW/275Nm, 0-100km/h 6.8sec, price TBC.
Peugeot is mentioned more than any other yes, even VW when talk turns to the greatest hot hatches in history. The 205 GTI of 1983 is still regarded as one of the very best
in terms of styling, performance and especially dynamics. Which means that, rather unfairly, every GTI the French maker has created since has been compared with the 205. Often unfavourably.
If overseas reports of the 208 GTI are anything to go by, Peugeot is back on form. While denying that it's a reboot of the 205 GTI (but also including some 205-esque details such as the chrome strip underneath the side window), Peugeot has injected some of the old spirit into its newest performance model.
How hot, how much? 195kW/360Nm, 0-100km/h 6.0sec, price TBC.
So, the Renault Megane RS you know already: it's absolutely brilliant. The forthcoming RS Red Bull Racing RB8 special edition celebrates Renault/Red Bull's third Formula One Constructor Championship by adding extra colour and equipment.
Sadly, the RS does not go any faster in Red Bull guise, but it does stop more frequently: it's the first Megane RS to be fitted with a stop/start system, which improves fuel economy to 7.5 litres per 100km. The car is based on Cup chassis specification. The car's exclusive Crepuscule blue paint is inspired by the team's racing colours, it has racing graphics, grey detailing, 19-inch black wheels with grey striping and Red Bull branding on many interior elements. The RB8 also introduces the R-Link multimedia tablet system.
How hot, how much? 1.6-litre with 100kW/160Nm, 0-100km/h 8.7sec, $25,990.
Crimes against the Sport badge are many among mainstream makers. But Suzuki keeps it real with the wonderful Swift Sport, which feels completely different to a standard Swift because it is, with an engine, gearbox and suspension all configured for driving fun (if not ultimate speed).
The new three-door version will sell in limited numbers but all the better: it looks fantastic and it's only available with a manual gearbox, thereby assuring the outside world that you have not opted for the CVT option offered on the five-door.
How hot, how much? 2.0-litre turbo with 162kW/350Nm, 0-100km/h 6.5sec, price TBC.
The seventh-generation VW Golf has already scooped European car of the Year and World Car of the Year for 2013 so the forthcoming Golf GTI will be nothing short of brilliant, continuing with a linear turbo engine and slick-shifting DSG transmission.
Power is up by a few kW, but torque has been boosted 25 percent. There's a new progressive power steering system and VW's electronic differential that helps the front
wheels get the power to the ground in tight corners. Shows what you can do with 38 years practice.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 12, 2007
|Filing date
|Dec 10, 2003
|Priority date
|Dec 10, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Aimin Sang, Xiaodong Wang, Mohammad Madihian
|Original Assignee
|Nec Laboratories America, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (22), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4)
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This invention relates generally to the field of wireless communications, and in particular to method(s) for scheduling exhibiting tunable throughput maximization while providing fairness guarantees in resource allocation.
High-speed downlink packet data services are of importance to the success of third-generation (3G) and beyond, wireless systems. Examples of such systems include CDMA2000 (see, e.g., 3GPP2 C.S0024 Version 4.0, CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification, December 2001); the High Data Rate (HDR) system which is described in an article entitled CDMA/HDR: a bandwidth-efficient high-speed wireless data service for nomadic users, that was authored by P. Bender et al., and appeared in IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 70-77 in July 2000; High Speed Data Packet Access (HSDPA) as described in the 3GPP Technical Specification 25.308 version 5.2.0, entitled High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA): Overall Description, published in March 2002. As is generally known, each of the systems employs Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) techniques to provide sharing of a downlink data channel among multiple users.
To facilitate the deployment and effectiveness of such systems, supporting technologies, such as transmission techniques and scheduling methods are being explored and characterized. Specifically, at the physical layer, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna techniques are attractive because they can increase the channel capacity between a base station (BS) and an individual user due, in part, to the spatial (antenna) diversity. At the media access control (MAC) layer, a scheduler within the BS selects users for transmission according to their channel-state-information (CSI) feedback and their measured throughput performance, characterizing their multiuser diversity as was described by M. Grossglauser and D. Tse, in an article entitled "Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks", which appeared in IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp 477-486 in August 2002.
As can be appreciated, both types of diversity identified above play a central role in systems that exhibit high throughput and fair resource allocation among users.
Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna techniques, (see, e.g., S. M. Alamouti, "A Simple Transmit Diversity Technique for Wireless Communications", IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol 16, No. 8, pp. 1451-1458, Oct. 1998; G. J. Foschini, "Layered Space-Time Architecture for Wireless Communication In a Fading Environment When Using Multi-Element Antennas", Bell Labs Technical Journal, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 41-59, Autumn 1996; and I. E. Telatar, "Capacity Of Multi-Antenna Gaussian Channels", European Trans. On Telecommun., vol 10, pp. 585-595, November-December 1999). One of these techniques, Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) was recently adopted for implementation as one of the transmission diversity modes in 3G wireless networks (See, for example, V. Tarokh, H. Jafarkhani, and A. R. Calderbank, "Space-Time Block Codes From Orthogonal Designs", IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 45, no 5, pp. 1456-1467, July 1999). The STBC technique advantageously achieves "full transmit diversity" and reliable channel(s), however it does not exhibit particular transmission efficiency.
Another technique, the Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) technique, which was described in a paper authored by P. Wolniansky, G. J. Foschini, G. D. Golden, and R. A. Valenzuela entitled "V-BLAST: An Architecture For Realizing Very High Data Rates Over the Rich-Scattering Wireless Channel" which appeared in Proc. Int. Symp. Sig. Sys. Elect. (ISSSE), in Pisa, Italy in September 1998 and another paper authored by G. J. Foschini, G. D. Golden, R. A. Valenzuela and P. W. Wolniasky entitled "Simplified Processing For High Spectral Efficiency Wireless Communication Employing Multi-Element Arrays", that appeared in IEEE J. Select. Areas. Commun., vol 17, No 11, pp. 1841-1852 and published in November 1999, provides high-rate data transmission but is less reliable during instantaneous deep fades.
Scheduling methods, and in particular scheduling methods for selecting a particular user to whom access to a system should be granted have likewise been the subject of much investigation. More specifically, certain methods grant access to the user that can most efficiently use the system—the one with the best/strongest channel thereby having the highest data rate. In such systems, throughput is maximized at the expense of users using less desirable channels. One such system, was described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,449,491 for Transmitter Directed Code Division Multiple Access System Using Path Diversity To Equitably Maximize Throughput which issued to Chaponniere et al on Sep. 10, 2002, determined an access metric for each user and provided channel access to that user having the greatest access metric.
Alternative scheduling methods have been explored that provide channel access to all users equally—regardless of channel efficiency or throughput. With such systems, the equal access—which may be based on time/duration or volume of transmission—sacrifices overall system efficiency for equality of access.
In addition, methods such as the Maximum Carrier-to-Interference Ratio (max-C/I) scheduling which was described by R. Knopp and P. A. Humbler, in a paper entitled "Information Capacity and Power Control in Single Cell Multiuser Communications", which appeared Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), at pp. 331-335, in June 1995; the Proportionally Fair (PF) scheduling method as described in a paper entitled "Data Throughput of CDMA-HDR A High Efficiency-High Data Rate Personal Communication Wireless System", authored by A. Jalali, R. Padovani, and R. Pankaj, that was published in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. (VTC), at pages 1854-1858 in May 2000; and a paper by P. Viswanath, D. N. C. Tse and R. Laroia, entitled "Opportunistic Beamforming Using Dumb Antennas" that appeared in IEEE Trans. On Inform. Theory, vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 1277-1294 in June 2002; and the wired, Max-Min Fair scheduling method as described by D. Bertsekas and R. Gallagar in Data Networks, Chapter 6, published by Prentice-Hall of Englewood Cliffs, N.J. in 1992 all offer particular advantages/disadvantages which characterize their method.
More specifically, each of the above methods differs in the performance of aggregate downlink throughput and the fairness as it relates to per-user time/throughput. Each (except Max-Min Fair) however, is channel-dependent in that they all rely on instantaneous CSI feedback as opposed to the simpler, Round-Robin (RR) scheduling where users are selected independently of channel status.
Accordingly, there exists a continuing need for methods that provide fair access to users of shared wireless systems, while maintaining overall system efficiency. Such method(s) is/are the subject of the present invention.
We have developed a method that—in sharp contrast to the prior art—provides access to users of a shared wireless system while effectively balancing aggregate throughput and fairness. Our method, which we have named Alpha-Rule, can advantageously migrate between and beyond the throughput/fairness extremes of the prior art Maximum Carrier-to-Interference Ratio (max-C/I) and Proportionally Fair (PF) methods through the use of our inventive control variable, α.
Viewed from a first aspect, our invention is directed to a method which determines which one of a plurality of users of a shared network have access to a particular timeslot. Specifically, our inventive Alpha-Rule method determines which user by the following relationship:
Viewed from another aspect, our invention is directed to a further method of adjusting our inventive Alpha-Rule scheduler, utilizing two criteria throughput and fairness which are defined respectively as:
where xk can be {tilde over (r)}k or the per-user percentage (portion) of resource (time-slot) allocation, denoting per-user throughput or resource fairness, respectively.
Our evaluation shows that our inventive Alpha-Rule method compensates for the deficiencies of both PF and max-C/I, thereby producing a more generic and/or flexible scheduling method. Of further advantage, our Alpha-Rule permits real-time performance tuning as control variable a may be dynamically adjusted to a desired system throughput or fairness characteristic(s).
Additional objects and advantages of our invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and, in part, will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Further objects of the invention will be more clearly understood when the following description is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and figures in which:
With reference now to
Specifically, and with simultaneous reference to those FIGUREs, shown in therein is a high-speed downlink and corresponding user terminal that may, for example, adopt a STBC or BLAST technique(s). Independent of these schemes, and as shown therein, the system includes nT transmit antennas and nR receive antennas. The channel is time slotted and any fading processes between transmitter-receiver pairs, or between the base station and different mobile users, are assumed to be stationary and ergodic.
Returning our attention now to
At the receiver shown in
At this point, a mathematical introduction is in order. For the above system(s) of
Throughout this description of our inventive method, we assume that spatial paths of different transmitter-receiver pairs are independent due to the rich scattering experienced in wireless communications. Stated alternatively, hij,k(∀i,j) are independent of each other. In addition, for each complex Gaussian random variable, its real and imaginary parts are also independent and accounts for half of the total variance. For example, the real and imaginary parts of nk(t) follow
Furthermore, assume that the channel matrix Hk is known to the receiver of each user, but not the transmitter. Accordingly, the instantaneous capacity of the MIMO channel may be written as:
is the mean signal-to-noise (SNR) of user k; Hk is the instantaneous channel state at time t, and the capacity units are bits/s/Hz. To eliminate any confusion, we eliminate the subscript k whenever possible.
With this background theoretical foundation in place, we now turn our attention to our inventive scheduling method. As can be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, numerous scheduling methods have been proposed for wired networks, but few offer much applicability to the somewhat more complex wireless scenario. The reason(s) for this limited applicability are numerous.
First, the deterministic, fixed bandwidth capacity constraint for users sharing a wired link is replaced by the highly unpredictable wireless channel which exhibits heterogeneous channel statistics for different users. Second, the resources in a wireless network such as the time slots, link capacity and power, are separate and orthogonal resources among different users.
In wired networks in sharp contrast, the sharing of time slots is generally equivalent to the sharing of bandwidth, while power is not much of a concern. Additionally, with wireless scheduling, per-user throughput is not equivalent to per-user (time-slot) resource allocation.
For the purposes of our discussion we only consider the TDM-based downlink scheduling where the downlink channel is time slotted, although our invention is not so limited. Additionally, for the purposes of this discussion, we assume that in each time slot, at most one user can be transmitting, i.e., there is no code multiplexing. With these principles in place, we now introduce our inventive Alpha-Rule method and then demonstrate its generalization to the prior art PF and max-C/I scheme(s).
We begin by first considering a best-effort high-data-rate packet service in a cellular or wireless network. Given the limited resource of time slots, the scheduler at a base station must pick the appropriate user at each slot according to certain rule(s). As can be readily understood, packet transmissions of the selected user will add up to its throughput over time. Accordingly, an exemplary rule would be one that maximizes the sum of some utility functions, or the total "revenue" generated by each user's mean throughput. In light of the network economy for elastic traffic of best-effort services, the utility function would be increasing, strictly concave, and continuously differentiable (see, e.g., S. Shenker, "Fundamental Design Issues For The Future Internet", IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., Vol. 13, No 7, pp. 1176-1188, September 1995).
Accordingly, the scheduling problem may be formulated into a long-term optimization problem under stationary and ergodic assumptions:
where rk(t) denotes the attainable channel capacity at time slot t; 1(k*(t)=k) is the instantaneous scheduling decision:
{tilde over (r)}k=E[rk(t)1k*(t)=k)] is the stationary expectation of the throughput of user k; Uk({tilde over (r)}k) is the utility function of the mean throughput. The optimization is taken over all possible solution set of {{tilde over (r)}k}, which is determined by the scheduling decision making process under the constraint of picking only one user per time slot:
Since rk(t) is upper bounded by the MIMO channel capacity in equation [2], {tilde over (r)}k is also upper bounded.
Under the stationary assumption, we can drop the time t in the above, but in practice we have to find the optimal scheduling decision method without knowledge about the future channel. Additionally, the optimal scheduling method would need to solve a stochastic programming issue facing high computational complexity and state explosion given a large number of users. Fortunately, we may advantageously use approximations as follows.
In the time domain, the mean throughput can be estimated by an exponentially weighted moving average of instantaneous channel rate, e.g.,
where tc is the exponential filtering factor.
We can see that only the past decision affects the future. Accordingly, we define the asymptotic form of the utility function in optimization as:
As an approximation, we take the steepest gradient ascent of U(t) as the optimized direction of the controlled system evolution under the constraint
We now assume that the size of a time slot Δt is infinitesimal and tcΔt is kept constant. The TDM-based scheduling then becomes a fluid-flow process of continuous time t. Therefore, we have its derivative in time domain as:
Recalling the discrete-time {tilde over (r)}k(t), we have
Therefore, {tilde over (r)}k(t)′ is approximated by:
It therefore follows that the steepest gradient ascent of Ut at time t is obtained by picking the user k*:
This is our utility-based scheduling rule, where the utility function is defined according to practical requirements. In practice, rk(t) is the instantaneous "supportable channel rate" fed back to the base station through data rate control (DRC) channel—or other signaling—by individual wireless terminal (k). {tilde over (r)}k(t) may be estimated by exponential filtering at the base station. Note further, and in sharp contrast to optimization targets shown by X. Liu, E. K. P. Chong and N. B. Shroff, in a paper entitled "Opportunistic Transmission Scheduling With Resource-Sharing Constraints In Wireless Networks", which appeared in IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol 19, no 10, pp. 2053-2064 in October 2001, in that our utility function depends upon long-term per-user mean throughput whereas Liu et. al. defines an "instantaneous" utility function while trying to maximize the expectations of the total utility under certain long-term time fraction constraints. We maintain that long-term throughput is more relevant to revenue-generation in best-effort services.
To define the utility function according to the economic regulation such as concavity and increasing monotonicity with respect to per-user average throughput, we note certain related strategies adopted in wired (Internet) networks that were described by F. Kelly, A. Maulloo, and D. Tan in an article entitled "Rate Control In Communication Networks: Shadow Prices, Proportional Fairness and Stability", which appeared in the Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 49, pp. 237-252, in July 1998; and a paper entitled "Fair End-To-End Window Based Congestion Control", authored by J. Mo and J. Walrand in IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol 8, no. 5, pp. 556-567, October 2000; and proportional fairness criteria which was proposed and subsequently extended to (p,α) proportionally fair. With this background in place, we may derive our inventive scheduling method(s).
As can be appreciated, among the many fairness criteria associated with link sharing, a popular one is the Max-Min fairness. In terms of our problem, this means the feasible set of mean throughput {{tilde over (r)}k} of which any user i can not increase its mean throughput {tilde over (r)}i without decreasing a smaller or equal {tilde over (r)}j. An attempt to achieve near-optimum Max-Min fairness among Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) users was made by A. Sang, H. Zhu and S. Q. Li in a paper entitled "Weighted Fairness Guarantee for Scalable Diffserv Assured Forwarding", that appeared in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun, (ICC), pp. 2365-2369, June 2001. Both fairness criteria attempts to optimize the sum of strictly concave and increasing functions in the form of
where the optimization constraint is the bottleneck link capacity.
In our notation, the (w,α) proportional fairness dictates that given a positive w=[w1, . . . ,wk] and a non-negative α, a vector {{tilde over (r)}k *} is (w,α) proportionally fair if under the link sharing capacity constraint it satisfies
for any other non-negative and feasible vector {{tilde over (r)}k}under the same constraint. It is noted that such a {{tilde over (r)}k} maximizes the utility function given by
where wk>0, α≧0, and Uk(.) is a strictly concave and increasing function of {tilde over (r)}k(t). Yet in our scenario, there is no static capacity constraint of link sharing among K users, but a constraint on time slot sharing instead. Following our earlier logic, and adopting
where wk is the weight of user k in the total utility, we have the following maximization target:
Since {tilde over (r)}k(t) as the mean throughput before time t is independent of the instantaneous capacity rk(t) and the scheduling decision 1(k*(t)=k), we can ignore the second part of the above equation. Therefore, the maximization problem transforms into our inventive scheduling method, which as we have indicated prior, we name Alpha-Rule:
Advantageously, and as can now be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, by varying the parameters wk and α, we can get a different scheduling result as the circumstances may dictate.
When considering best-effort wireless data services, two metrics characteristic of scheduling performance are of particular importance. Those metrics are throughput and fairness.
Throughput refers to the aggregate scheduling throughput which may be represented by:
Fairness, refers to the per-user performance comparison. A fairness index may be defined as:
where xk denotes the per-user performance measure, such as the per-user time-fraction or per-user mean throughput {tilde over (r)}k.
As can be appreciated, F is a resource-based (time) or a performance-based (throughput) index, indicative of fairness. It is a continuous function, ranging between 0 and 1. Larger F is indicative of greater or better fairness. In particular, when F=1, the scheduler is completely fair as all xk are equal. In contrast
is extremely unfair, as only one xk is nonzero.
To further exhibit the flexibility of our inventive Alpha-Rule, consider the situation when all users are equally weighted, i.e., wk=1,∀k. In this situation, we have the following special cases of the method.
α=0: In this special case, the optimization target becomes
By equation [8], the Alpha-Rule reduces to k*=a max-C/I method described earlier which always picks the user of the best channel and starves the worst-channel users, for example, those who are most remote from the base station. Clearly, this special case maximizes throughput without much consideration to fairness.
α=1: In this special case, the optimization target is equivalent to
The Alpha-Rule then becomes
i.e., the Proportionally Fair (PF) scheduling described earlier. Recall, that the PF scheduling picks the user of the best ratio of channel rate to mean throughput. Accordingly, the PF scheduling asymptotically guarantees an equal sharing of time slots among all users, i.e., the resource-based fairness index is around 1.
α=2: In this special case the target is to minimize
As such, the rule minimizes the "potential delay" of all users. In particular, the resultant scheduling policy is represented by
With such a rule, users of poorer channels tend to get more time slots in order to reduce the summarized transmission delay of users with equal packet size. As such, the aggregate throughput associated with this special case is lower than PF and even round robin (RR) scheduling.
α→∞: In this special, extreme case, max-min fairness is achieved in that the scheduler equalizes the throughput of all users. Stated alternatively, the scheduler tends to pick the user associated with the smallest mean throughput at each time slot. Consequently, a significant fraction of time is allocated to users of noisy channels. As should be apparent, this special case exhibits the lowest aggregate throughput of all special cases.
Of further significance in any discussion of our inventive Alpha-Rule is a mention that the weight wk can be used to differentiate users from different classes, or users in the same class but necessitating per-user requirements for resource sharing and throughput. And while we have assumed for the purposes of our discussion(s) that users of a system utilizing our inventive Alpha-Rule are equally weighted, alternative weighting methodologies would certainly complement our inventive method.
Lastly, as noted before, the α in our inventive Alpha-Rule as described in equation [13] controls the overall scheduling performance and the tradeoff between aggregate throughput and per-user fairness. A larger α provides more time slots to users of weaker channel(s). Consequently, increasing α naturally diminishes the total throughput. Given this monotonic relationship, it should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that a closed-loop tuning of α, based on online or real time measurements of r or F, may produce a desired effect.
Turning our attention now to
Continuing, a Base Station (BS) broadcasts a Pilot Signal for each timeslot in block 315 and, for each Mobile Station (MS) k=1, . . . K, in block 320, a channel measurement of the pilot signal strength at each MS for each timeslot is made in block 330, and provided to the channel collecting statistics block of BS by all MSs using feedback channel 370, thereby producing current channel statistics for all mobile stations at a particular timeslot, rk(t). This sub-process between blocks 315-330, is performed continuously.
At block 380, past throughput for each mobile station is measured at the base station, and then the current channel statistics for each time slot being continuously collected at block 370 are sorted at block 360 according to our inventive Alpha-Rule.
The appropriate MS user is scheduled in block 350 and subsequently transmitted at block 340 while others are kept buffered or idled. This process between blocks 380-340 are continuously repeated as well.
Importantly, our inventive method can be tuned, as depicted by off-chart input block 390, which provides Alpha-Rule updates or tuning.
With reference now to that
If, at block 440, it is determined that the throughput is less than its target and the fairness exceeds its target, Alpha (α) is decreased at block 450 and the user for that particular timeslot is again determined at block 430.
If, at block 460, it is determined that the throughput exceeds the target but the fairness does not meet its target, then Alpha (α) is increased at block 470 before the user of a particular timeslot is determined at block 430.
Finally, if both the throughput and the fairness do not meet or exceed their targets at block 480, then the targets require adjustment which is performed at block 490. This entire process depicted, is repeated for each of the timeslots as depicted by block 495.
Of course, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this invention, and that various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention, which shall be limited by the scope of the claims appended hereto.
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|U.S. Classification
|375/260, 370/234, 370/235, 455/450, 370/233, 370/232
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 10, 2003
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text:
Jens Thomassen, London
Jens Thomassen is a Director, responsible for origination, analysis, structuring, valuation and execution of investments for the Power Deal Team. He joined Denham Capital in 2012.
Prior to joining Denham, Jens was a Director at Hg Capital, where he originated, executed and sat on the board of companies and transactions in wind, solar, hydro and conventional energy across Europe. Before Hg Capital, Jens was with GE Energy Financial Services, BHP Billiton, BP and Enron, and currently serves on the board of Directors of BioTherm Energy, SUM Energy and Endeavor Energy.
He holds an Master of Science in Finance from the Norwegian School of Economics and the University of St. Gallen.


text:
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Marco Del Horno (Rinse FM, BBC 1Xtra,) http://www.myspace.com/marcodelhorno
M3NZ1 & MC JMan 3 deck set (Sketch Records, InnacityFM)
3D Criminalz + GigiDaai – DJ set & Live PA (Sketch Records)
Claude Van Jamme (Sketch Records, FML Fridays)
Bar :
Carbon Parlour (Sketch Records, Bone Idle)
Mark D'Ground
Jamie KL
Dirty Barry
To mark this auspicious occasion suitably, Sketch resident DJ Sketchy J will be launching his Sketch 2nd Birthday Dubstep Compilation Pack, an intense full-length mix/individual track download pack featuring exclusives, forthcoming Sketch releases and the dirtiest Sketch Dubstep cuts to date !
See you up the front !


text:
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Lunch for Breakfast
... plate came full-circle. She was sister to Philip, Patrick's 2nd great grandfather. As we were leaving, Patrick's mother Christine, handed me a gift, saying she thought it would go well in our country cottage. It was a pretty votive candle holder. We were touched.
The drive back to Vienna was - well, we don't really know what it was because the only person not sleeping was the one driving - thanks for getting ...
Our First Football Match
... It's a hobby, but it's large. His equipment is spotless, resting comfortably in a spotless garage. We met the kitties, one shy, one NOT. She came when Patrick called her and proceeded to walk with us on our tour. The cats sleep in the furnace room. It's toasty warm in there. They heat with wood that heats water that circulates through the radiators. Even in Olbendorf they have houses with solar panels and this 'alternative' type of heat. We ...
Auf Wiedersehen Vienna
Our last day in Vienna. Christina graciously offered to drive the three of us to Olbendorf after work. We knew that would be much faster and more fun than taking a bus.
I neglected to include in yesterday's blog our visit to the Imperial Vault. We couldn't take pictures; I'm writing this from home many days later; and it slipped my mind (only so much fits in there). I think I'm so fascinated with this family because they ruled ...
Tasting the local produce
Today we rode through Austria and Slovenia, passing many vineyards, apple orchards, past berry farms and chestnut trees. We stopped to sample a fig straight off the tree, and a couple of apples from the orchard. Unfortunately we couldn't get our hands on any chestnuts! We ...
Rainy Styria so out for lunch
Three months we've been gone! And we are definitely not ready to come home :) So many times we've said "let's just move here"! Just over three more months of adventures to come!! The rain didn't stop all night. And it kept going until around 4pm. We drove to Libnitz for some lunch and to do some planning on the net. We booked our return ferry from France to UK and also one ...


text: SpinWave Sounds Epic and Euphoric EDM WAV MiDi | 367 Mb SpinWave Sounds presents Epic & Euphoric EDM, an stunning pack with 4 fresh new Construction Kits is ready to give you inspiration and highest quality resources to create your own work. Real songs ready to be arranged, structured and deconstructed easily in many different ways, this is the EDM sound bank you have been waiting for. Memorable melodic Leads and Melodies (Midi Files provided as well) especially produced so as not to leave anyone indifferent. Musically inspired and inspiring sound with the warmth of analog and digital sound accuracy. Includes: • Contruction Kits : 4 • Drum Loops: 46 • Synth Loops: 35 • Bass Loops: 9 • Fx Loops & Samples: 26 • Single Drum Hits: 24 • Midi Files: 23 Buy Premium From My Links To Get Resumable Support,Max Speed & Support Me Code: Download ( NitroFlare ) http://nitroflare.com/view/700D9AA906EF9A7/dwoi9.SpinWave.Sounds.Epic.and.Euphoric.EDM.WAV.MiDi.rar


text:
Join us Friday Nov 12 at 7:00pm
for our furniture and home goods Swap
in the historic Mesa Fraser Fields neighborhood.
So make plans,
save the date and...
be sure to dress in your most tweedy elegance (TWEED not tweet or twitter or anything to do with the internet).
Think Amelia Earhart and Agatha Christie
Don your snappy outfits of herringbone, tweed, wool, felt, argyle, hounds tooth, plaid and more...
boots, knickers, caps, capes, culottes, jackets, vests, ties, mustaches and pipes (well maybe not)
the works!
It's going to be Splendid!
You know the swap drill...
(and if you don't, read all about it here What is a Swap and here Approved Swapping Items).
Are you excited yet?
Do you feel the need for tweed and tweediness?
I do!!
So, clean out your rooms, garages and excess decor,
trade that something that you're tired of
for something new to you...and don't forget to wear your tweed!
Friday Nov 12th
Preview begins at 7 pm or earlier
Swap begins at 7:30 pm
Fraser Fields Historic Neighborhood
Bike, drive or bring your wagon but please remember, this is our beloved neighborhood and respect our lawns and driveways.
A light dinner will be served: Warm soup and bread, hot chocolate and cider.
$10 Participation Fee or $15 at the door:
Click the PayPal button to pay your Participation Fee and secure your spot at the Swap.
As always, if you decide not to Swap your fee will be refunded and your items returned.
This is a little different than before. But, we've had to change so we can better prepare for the hoards of swappers!!
Any questions, please call, text or email.
** Your consent to the swap and all terms and conditions implied or otherwise is acknowledged and agreed upon by yourself once your Participation Fee has been received.
If you want to join our mailing list please email
fraserfields at gmail dot com
requesting you be added


text:
Click Ahead avait besoin d'un nouveau design de logo et a lancé un concours sur 99designs.
Un gagnant a été sélectionné de 131 designs proposés par 53 designers freelance.
Click Ahead
Click Ahead is a software company specialising in developing Web and Mobile Solutions for customers. The company is young, innovative and agile and uses the latest technologies to deliver the best results.
There is no particular audience as this is a company logo targetting a wide range of customers spread over different industries
The logo should clean, crisp and capture the image of a young, innovative and agile software company. Use modern fonts and if you are using an image keep in simple and original. Click Ahead is supposed to symbolise using software applications to keep one step ahead. Feel free to use any colours you like.


text:
Don't you hate it when you pop into town on a Saturday and you can't move for people milling about?
Well residents of Hull, England, were shocked to discover thousands of naked people blocking the roads when they woke up.
Not only were they naked but coloured head-to-toe (to everything else) in blue body paint.
It was a Spencer Tunick art installation of course. Tunick is an artist famous for getting loads of people to get their kit off and taking pictures of them all together. He's probably seen more bare flesh than Hugh Hefner by now.
This was a bit different though because he got them to paint themselves blue to create a 'Sea of Hull'. Which is weird in itself because Hull is actually on a river, but whatever.
Although watching the blue bodies file through town does look a bit like a river, so I guess he was half right:
Never ending stream of people heading to the beautiful Scale Lane Bridge for the final shot #SeaofHull pic.twitter.com/Avkvsrns8E
— Hull CC News (@Hullccnews) July 9, 2016
I'm not really sure the point that Turnick is trying to make with his art, I guess that we're all the same underneath our clothes or something? Or maybe that the modern cities alienate us from our bodies and each other?
Probably something like that.
Regardless of his intention, people seem to have really enjoyed the experience.
All blued up & overjoyed at our naked, painted, utterly beautiful #SeaOfHull! I don't want to get dressed again.. pic.twitter.com/i8xYFRyQ67
— Flora Baker (@FloraBaker) July 9, 2016
They certainly seem to have had a better time than me when I stupidly volunteered to be a life model at University once. That was horrible.
There's only been a few pictures from the event so far but they look bloody impressive so far so I'm sure we'll be treated to some great shots soon enough.


text: Presented by: Karen M. Ballester ProjecTELL/LCCC EDU 181 April 2005 A Multicultural Classroom is... one in which both the students and the teacher are accepting of all races, cultures, and religions. This acceptance is evidenced by the books that are read, the activities that are completed, and the lessons that are taught. Source: http://www.pre-kpages.com/multicultural.html Did you know that... of the 41% of teachers nationwide with ELLs in their classrooms, only 12.5% participated in 8 or more hours of professional development related to ELLs in in the past 3 years. Source: www.ncela.gwu.edu •What are the characteristics of the bilingual education and ESL teacher shortage? •Brown & Menken, August 2002 Also... The majority of white primary and secondary school students have no significant contact with Black, Hispanic or American Indian students in the classroom. And... In 2001 African American teachers represented 7% of the public school workforce. African American students represented 17% of the public school student population. LEP enrollment in PA (2003-04) was 1,821,146 students. Source: www.ncela.gwu.edu •What are the characteristics of the bilingual education and ESL teacher shortage?, Brown & Menken 2002 •PA Rate of LEP Growth General Strategies Recognize any biases or stereotypes you may have absorbed. Treat each student as an individual, and respect each student for who he or she is. More strategies... Rectify any language patterns or case examples that exclude or demean any groups. Do your best to be sensitive to terminology. And finally... Get a sense of how students feel about the cultural climate in your classroom. Introduce discussions of diversity at departments meetings. Multicultural "ideas" Each month or quarter, 'adopt' a country. Have a Show and Tell week focused on students' ancestry. Team-teach a unit with an ESL instructor at your school. When studying health and nutrition, study diets of different cultures. Other Resources Teachers First http://www.teachersfirst.com/multicult.htm Teacher's Corner http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/teachers.html New Horizons for Learning http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/multicultural/front_multicultural.htm Multicultural Classroom www.pre-kpages.com/multicultural.html An Academic Overview of Desegregation www.kirwaninstitute.org/multimedia/presentations/47%20CLE%20Final.ppt PBS TeacherSource http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/ National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition and Language Instruction Education Program www.ncela.gwu.edu Tools for Teaching by Barbara Gross Davis, University of California, Berkeley http://teaching.berkeley.edu/bgd/diversity.html


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Where There Is No Ambulance There's Text
By Daniel J. Gerstle | HELO Magazine | March 4, 2010
Since 2008, Nadim Mahmud and Frontline SMS: Medic have been attempting to revolutionize rural medicine in Africa and Asia by deploying text-messaging platforms which link Frontline health workers with doctors at faraway hospitals. The platforms have dramatically reduced the time it takes for many rural sick to receive care. And what's especially curious is that once the agency sets up the system, unlike most aid programs, they hand the platform over completely to the local community. How's that for post-colonial technology transfer?
HELO: Where are you from and what made you want to get involved in medicine and technology? What got you wanting to bring this work into the sphere of development overseas with Frontline SMS: Medic?
Nadim Mahmud: I was born in Danville, Pennsylvania, a small farming village, nothing terribly exciting. Both of my parents are from Bangladesh so I'm entirely Bengali. My Dad is a radiologist and he works at the hospital in Danville, which is pretty progressive. This is the kind of environment I grew up in, this bizarre clash between farming village and large hospital. I spent a lot of time in the hospital with my Dad, shadowing him, seeing how the hospital worked. I've always been interested in medicine and healthcare.
When I was in college I did a lot of volunteering at the ER in the hospital in New Haven. Then I had the opportunity to go abroad to Bangladesh. That's when I really started to understand the disparity in healthcare. Healthcare works completely differently in the developing world. Just in terms of resources it's very limited. People die in throngs from diseases which are entirely preventable.
It's a terrible tragedy to see people passing away from things that we know how to prevent. That's how I got to wanting to work abroad and make an impact in that sense. I was working in Bangladesh at the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research (ICDDR). They handle a lot of cholera cases. During the monsoon season they admit more than a thousand patients a day, which is unthinkable. They have patients spilling out into parking lots, under these canvas canopies. But they provide exquisitely good care, which is amazing.
The majority of the patients are coming from rural areas, a lot of distance to travel. I saw firsthand that there was a terrible communication barrier between the physicians at this clinic and the patients they were trying to serve. It was to the point that many people are not even aware that this kind of care is available in the capital. When there is a case of a patient getting sick in the village it's hard to get a consultation. Should they be going to the capital to get treatment? There's a huge disconnect between the health workers.
I had this idea when I came to Stanford Medical School that there was this sort of communications barrier around the world. There were two others at Stanford. Josh Nesbit was one of them, and another med school friend. Josh had been working in Malawi and saw firsthand how in rural Malawi St. Gabriel's Hospital had been trying to provide care for 250,000 people who lived sometimes more than 100 miles away from the hospital. When there's no reliable transport then you need to send a healthcare worker on foot 100 miles just to keep contact.
Using technology is an intelligent solution to bridge that gap. Josh had been on Stanford campus and met Ken Banks who was writing code for SMS software use and had the idea to use cell phones to bridge that gap. We wanted to disseminate this as much as possible. I took it back to Bangladesh and worked with a few organizations there to see how the SMS network could benefit healthcare workers and we went from there.
H: Many of our readers and contributors are aid workers. The big thing is water and sanitation, preventing diseases like cholera. Most of the time, it's just hygiene and water issues. Prior to what you're doing, why do you think the millions of dollars going into sanitation aid have been unable to sustainably change the population?
NM: A lot of what I was doing in Bangladesh was working with mothers to try to get them to breastfeed more often. They're supposed to be exclusively breastfeeding until their infant is six months old. When you see cases like cholera or shigella in infants, you normally wouldn't expect that if they were breastfed.
There are enormous corporate pressures from organizations like Nestle that produce instant formulas. They're pervasively advertised in places like Bangladesh. If a mother works in the rice paddies every day, it's exhausting. So if a cheap alternative is available, you just add water and feed your child, then that's a great alternative. You don't need to feed your child for hours a day, which is exhausting. The problem is they mix it with dirty water. And they basically formula-feed their children life-threatening diarrheal diseases.
In India and Bangladesh, it's particularly difficult because you're being rained down on with a new strain of cholera every day. It's hard to find an appropriate water source.
H: Seems like the breastfeeding would also be better than the artificial because the mother is transferring some of her antibodies to the child? But also if the woman is not good with hygiene couldn't she be transferring infection from her hands even while breastfeeding?
NM: Yes, when the mother breastfeeds, she transfers antibodies to her child. Whatever resistance the mother has, the child has at that time, and there is some risk of transmitting these diseases by unhygienic practices with breastfeeding. But to my knowledge breast milk is a privileged fluid.
H: How are Kiwanja, Frontline SMS, and Frontline SMS: Medic related and working together on bringing new communications to rural healthcare?
NM: Kiwanja is Ken Banks's foundation. He wrote the program for FrontlineSMS.com. You can download the software on the site and there are user forums where people have been talking about how you can use it. Frontline SMS: Medic is a separate entity that Josh and I started last February. It's specifically using Frontline SMS software in the context of healthcare, not only implementing it in clinics but also building software modules for each user. There's a piece of software being released soon called Patient View. It's basically an electronic medical records system that can be updated remotely on cell phones by workers in the field linked to unique patient records.
H: The premise is that even in really rural areas people may not have everything they need in terms of health and development, but people on their own prioritize their cell phone.
NM: It's an interesting situation where these areas stricken with astronomical proportions of tuberculosis or HIV or malaria are the same areas well covered by cell phone service. Internet is not developed for the most part, it's not reliable, but they have very good coverage for cell phones. There are a lot of people where their cell phone number becomes part of their identity. It's their address. It's very vital to who they are. Outside their shacks or huts, they'll write their number. [But] it depends on where you're talking about. In Malawi, a lot of these people haven't even seen cell phones before. It's still highly variable.
H: Much of our audience has worked in these areas or is curious about them. What comes to mind is Somalia or Sudan. You go so far out and you wonder whether an aid program should prioritize cell phone services over food and water and medicine. It would be strange. But people themselves make those choices because they think that communication is the key to everything else. Could you walk us through it? What does it look like from the rural family's point of view using SMS Medic?
NM: I should clear up how it works. The rural families aren't necessarily the ones using cell phones. We tend to give them to community health workers. These are workers recruited in the communities being catered to by the hospitals. If we have a hospital trying to treat people in 10 villages, we might have an employee or volunteer from each of those 10 villages. If you're a rural family, say in Malawi, and somebody gets sick, you'll go down the street and find the village where your local community health worker lives. He or she will use a cell phone to contact the clinic, so they're the intermediary.
This [service we've put together] is enormously convenient to them. Often times, [the sick person will] have no choice but to be escorted by the health worker all the way to the clinic, but if the health worker is able to text the hospital to request care for a specific injury, the hospital can send one of their personnel out on motorbike to triage that case.
It makes the life of the patient simpler in terms of the expediency and quality of care. Even if there's just a question, a patient's query, they can get a response the same day by asking their community health worker to relay that question to a physician.
One of the most convenient uses is acute care. There is an example where a patient had a seizure and fell in a fire and burned his leg badly. He wasn't able to walk. The community health worker and his patient were more than 50 miles to the clinic. This clinic in Malawi has one home-based worker who has a motorbike. Before we implemented this system he would bike basically from one village to the next just to see if he was needed.
Once we implemented this system, he would receive specific text messages saying, "Your help is needed. A patient has been burned and cannot come to the clinic. Come to village C as soon as you can." And he would take his motorbike, his gauze, his antibiotics, and bike directly to that village to provide care to this patient. Being able to respond to an emergency was a novel concept in this environment.
H: Can you talk about any surprises or unexpected barriers to applying this technology? Do you need permits from the local government? Do you have people who resist this service?
NM: When I was working in Bangladesh—this might be a statement about working in development in general—I think there's a strong culture of dependency in some of these organizations. They see people bringing aid from abroad and they expect these people to bring all the answers with them. We would hold focus groups with the community health workers explaining how the technology worked and then we'd ask them for their input.
"Given how the system works, how do you think we can use it? How could it be useful for you?" The first time I asked that question there were no answers. We sat in silence. Then somebody spoke up and said, "Shouldn't you be telling us?" Eventually, we got them thinking about what the barriers were in their daily routine. They came up with some pretty amazing ideas, actually.
One health worker came up with this great referral system where they would receive text messages based on whether their patients had gone to appointments at clinics, so they wouldn't have to follow up with these patients with all they were currently doing. They had been spending hours in a day following up with patients just to find that they did go to the clinic. The clinic would send texts [only] when patients did not show up, so that saved them hours and hours of time.
H: Is there ever any friction between the global health coming through this system and the local traditional healers?
NM: I haven't experienced any friction because we work in a system in which they already trust the community health workers and that system of care, so really we're just giving them a tool to make that structure more efficient.
H: You work like an NGO where you apply for funding to perform this service, or if someone wants to get involved in this thing how would people connect to what you do and reproduce it?
NM: [Frontline SMS: Medic] is still pretty young. We've been around just about a year, so up to the present day we don't have a ton of funding. Everything we've done so far has been funded by individual fellowships or small grants. It's all been completely free for the clinics. We made a point for there to be as few barriers to entry as possible. People who've wanted to help out just contact us directly. We have clinics contacting us to use the system. The only thing we're lacking is implementers. We have a list of clinics just waiting to use the system. I don't work on salary, but just as a volunteer to advance SMS Medic.
We want to give local clinics complete ownership of everything. That's why we've done every site personally. We send somebody to the clinic to help set up the system, deliver cell phones, to conduct trainings sessions with the health workers and teach them how to use the [free open source] software. But the way they use it is entirely up to them.
We don't come in and say, "You should be using this system to track the tuberculosis patient experience" or "You should use this to create a triage system." We show them what's possible with the technology, describe to them what to do, and then we ask them to generate the usage cases, which makes this much more organic and lets them take ownership of the program. Once they're all set up, we're gone, and they run everything. That's really important for us. We don't want to be that typical aid organization that creates a culture of dependency. The long-term goal is to make the program entirely self-implementable.
H: Is there a role for this kind of work back in Danville, Pennsylvania?
NM: There's definitely a role for it in domestic, especially rural settings. The biggest market for this is really the developing world. But there are definitely still places [in the U.S.] that still suffer gaps in communication between patients and physicians.
H: What's your family think about all this? On a personal level how does this reflect?
NM: My family, they like what I'm doing. They can definitely see the merit in it. I had a discussion with my dad, and I assume he's kidding—he left [Bangladesh] during the war for independence. Getting out of the country and coming to the United States was a big deal for him.
When I voluntarily go back to Bangladesh, he always wonders, "I work so hard to bring us to the United States and you just want to go back to Bangladesh." I think he's kidding. He's appreciative, and he appreciates the fact that I go a lot to Bangladesh specifically. I see the value of what we do in Africa and all over the place, but for me there's some attachment for doing work in Bangladesh.
© 2010 HELO Magazine. Republished with kind permission.
Read More: Business, Communication, Development, Health, Technology, Bangladesh, Malawi, Africa, Asiablog comments powered by Disqus


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text:
Favorites personal assistant
by: CustomSoft SRL • 52
All Android applications categories
All Android games categories
by: CustomSoft SRL • 52
Published: 2013-10-03, by Ana Gracia.
Favorites Agenda Contacts is an application where you can add your favorite contacts in order to never forget about them. The app helps you stay in touch with them by creating notifications that remind you to talk to them every now and then.
Firstly, select your favorite contacts from your agenda and import them automatically to the app. Then, you will be able to change the type of interaction you want to have with that person, which will create the personalized notifications.
Don't forget you can also add all the information you'd like about a contact, such as dates of meetings, locations and notes.
Customsoft is the developer of Favorites Agenda Contact, a useful app with an excellent design and an interesting objective. Take a look at the charts and watch your interaction evolution.
by Ana , Appszoom
Oct 03, 2013
from 52 reviews
Download Favorites personal assistant
Free - V1.4.7 - 3M
Share this app


text:
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To place an order we request contact information for order fulfilment and customer services purposes (such as name, email address, delivery address and telephone number). The information that we collect may be used to contact you in case of difficulty in processing an order or to investigate customer services issues. Tyneside Prints takes precautions to protect users' information. The servers on which we collect and store personal information are kept in a secure environment.
Financial information (such as credit card number and expiry date) is collected and held securely by Sage Pay on our behalf. This information is used for billing purposes and to fulfil customers' orders. No financial information is stored on our servers.
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text:
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In war nothing is sacred! (fantasy)


text:
World Cupdate
Its safe to say America has World Cup Fever!! We're really excited about the game against Germany today but what happens in the case of a tie?? It's ALL explained below!
Times are in EST.
How World Cup Tiebreakers Work
If charts are more your thing...here is EVERY possible scenario!
USA scenarios for if we go through pic.twitter.com/5lcfk05mIw
— Brandon Clegg (@Brandonclegg) June 24, 2014
Need to get the day off of work? Here's a 'coach's note'
Need note to get out of work Thurs? @J_Klinsmann has you covered. Show your cool boss. It will def work! #LetsDoThis pic.twitter.com/i2oCZmGAGZ
— U.S. Soccer (@ussoccer) June 25, 2014
WARNING: THIS VINE IS GRAPHIC!! Watch Babatunde's arm break when hit with a shot!
Check out Teddy Goalsevelt!!
Triumph, the Insult Comic Dog is even on board...well, kinda.


text:
The parliamentary roses have never looked so good.
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The Old Parliament House Rose Gardens are an institution.
As with much of the region, the flowers suffered through the drought, despite getting the best care water restrictions would allow.
This year they're blooming beautiful!