text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 7, 2011
|Filing date
|Jul 21, 2008
|Priority date
|Jul 21, 2008
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Olusegun M. Falana, Aziz Hikem, Sarkis R. Kakadjian, Frank Zamora
|Original Assignee
|Clearwater International, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (166), Non-Patent Citations (20), Referenced by (11), Classifications (4), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile compositions, nitrilotriacetonitrile hydrolysis methods for preparing the hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile compositions, and methods for using same.
More particularly, the present invention relates to hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile compositions, where the method provides an efficient and reproducible nitrilotriacetonitrile hydrolysis method or process for preparing the hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile compositions, and methods for using same, where the hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile compositions are substantially cyanide free.
2. Description of the Related Art
Historically, hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile compositions were obtained by hydrolyzing products over a period of time generally in excess of 3 hour in the presence of an acid as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,987,077 to Bragdon et. al. followed by boiling the reaction mixture including triacetonitrile in an aqueous metal hydroxide solution. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,547,589 to Shen, Shen prepared nitrilotriacetonitrile compositions in the presence of formaldehyde to remove free cyanide.
Generally, hydrolyzed products are characterized with inconsistencies in hue and composition. Examples of different lot samples are depicted in
Although several methods for preparing hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile compositions and the resulting hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile compositions have been disclosed, there is a need in the art for a more efficient and effective synthetic approach to preparing hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile compositions, where the compositions have a desired low level cyanide concentration.
The present invention provides a hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile (NTAN) composition prepared using a one-shot NTAN addition to a solution containing an acid catalyst, which is pH adjusted after the hydrolysis and treated with an oxidizing agent to reduce, minimize, eliminate, and/or destroy residual free cyanide to a desired low level (low concentration) and in certain embodiments, to a concentration below a free cyanide detection limit.
The present invention provides a method for preparing hydrolyzed NTAN compositions having a desired low concentration of free cyanide, where an amount of NTAN is hydrolyzed in the presence of an acid catalyst for a period of time, generally less than about 40 minutes. The pH of the reaction mixtures is then adjusted to a pH of about 8. After pH adjustment is complete, the composition is treated with an oxidizing agent to reduce, minimize, eliminate or destroy free cyanide to produce a hydrolyzed NTAN composition having a desired low free cyanide concentration. In certain embodiments, the composition is substantially free of cyanide. The method is characterized in that the NTAN addition to the acid solution (or vice versa) over a very short period of time. In certain embodiments, the NTAN is added in a one-shot addition to the acid solution; a single, rapid addition of the NTAN to the acid solution.
The invention can be better understood with reference to the following detailed description together with the appended illustrative drawings in which like elements are numbered the same.
The following definitions are provided in order to aid those skilled in the art in understanding the detailed description of the present invention.
The term "substantially" means that the actual value is within about 5% of the actual desired value, particularly within about 2% of the actual desired value and especially within about 1% of the actual desired value of any variable, element or limit set forth herein.
The term "gpt" means gallons per thousand gallons.
The term "ppt" means pounds per thousand gallons.
The term "FTIR" means Fourier Transformed InfraRed Spectroscopy.
The term "NTAN" means nitrilotriacetonitrile.
The term "substantially cyanide free" or similar terms means that the concentration of free cyanide is no more than 10 ppm (≦10 ppm). In certain embodiments, the terms means that the concentration of free cyanide is no more than 5 ppm (≦5 ppm). In other embodiments, the terms means that the concentration of free cyanide is no more than 1 ppm (≦1 ppm). In other embodiments, the terms means that the concentration of free cyanide is below a free cyanide detection limit.
The inventors have found that a new faster, more efficient and effective hydrolytic method for preparing a hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile (NTAN) composition can be realized, which forms hydrolyzed NTAN compositions having desired low free cyanide concentrations. In certain embodiments, the method forms a substantially cyanide free, hydrolyzed NTAN composition. The new method is characterized by at least the following unique features: (1) a single, rapid or one-shot addition of NTAN to a solution containing an acid catalyst, i.e., the entire NTAN addition to the acid solution occurs over a short or very short period of time; (2) a short reaction time due to the one-shot NTAN addition or a one-shot addition of the acid solution to NTAN; (3) pH adjustment of the reaction mixture after hydrolysis; (4) no external heating; and (5) an addition of an effective amount of an oxidizing agent to the crude hydrolyzed NTAN composition to reduce, minimize or eliminate free cyanide to a desired low level to form the hydrolyzed NTAN compositions having desired low cyanide levels including composition that are substantially cyanide free. Unlike the teaching of Shen (where formaldehyde was explored), the reduction of free cyanide using the oxidizing agents of this invention is environmentally benign.
The inventors have also found that the present process of making hydrolyzed NTAN compositions permits a significantly and surprisingly shorter manufacturing cycle. The short manufacturing cycle is effectuated by controlling a reaction temperature of a one-shot, one-pot hydrolysis reaction, followed by pH adjustment and by adding an effective amount of an oxidizing agent to reduce, minimize or eliminate free cyanide to a desired low level in an environmentally benign cyanide destruction step.
In this invention, NTAN hydrolyzed products were prepared in a period of time under about 40 minutes after a one-time addition—one shot addition—of a desired amount of nitrilotriacetonitrile (NTAN) to a solution containing an acid catalyst such as HCl or other similar mineral or organic acids. Due to the rapid addition, one-shot addition, of NTAN to the acid solution, the reaction is sufficiently exothermic so that no external heating is required. As the reaction subsides (usually marked by drop in reaction temperature), the reaction mixture is brought to a pH of about 8 for optimal destruction free cyanide in the product mixture. Once the pH has been adjusted and optionally at the end of the reaction time period, the reaction mixture is treated with an oxidizing agent to produce a hydrolyzed NTAN composition having a desired low free cyanide concentration and in certain embodiments to produce a substantially cyanide free, hydrolyzed NTAN composition.
Longstanding issues with commercially available hydrolyzed NTAN products such as WFT-9725, a hydrolyzed NTAN crystal forming product having a prohibitively high cyanide levels available from Clearwater International, LLC of Elmendorf, Tex., are solvable using the new process for hydrolyzing NTAN of this invention. Unlike in prior teachings, hydrolyzed NTAN compositions were successfully and reproducibly prepared using the methods described in this invention and compared to prior teaching. For the resulting hydrolyzed NTAN compositions, cyanide was removed to undetectable levels or desired low levels either via heating or by the addition of an oxidizing agent that destroys cyanide producing environmentally benign by-products. Crystallization of the products was found to be dependent on concentration of solids and pH. Products having a very low pH are more likely to form crystals or precipitates than products having a pH close to neutral or higher at various temperatures because of free acid components of the product. Similarly, solids are formed when the water content of the products is low. The former can be resolved by adjusting the pH to form a more soluble product, while the latter can be resolved by adding enough water to solubilize any crystals in the product.
The present novel short duration NTAN hydrolytic methods of this invention include a cyanide destruction step to produce hydrolyzed NTAN compositions having desired low free cyanide concentrations including substantially cyanide free hydrolyzed NTAN compositions. Not only will the reduction in reaction time reduce or minimize labor and energy costs resulting in a more efficient manufacturing process, but the removal of cyanide is of great import to satisfy strigent environmental regulations. A method including a combination of a one shot NTAN addition, a short reaction time, pH adjustment, and an oxidative reduction of cyanide is novel for preparing hydrolyzed NTAN compositions having a reduced or minimized free cyanide level including hydrolyzed NTAN compositions having substantially no free cyanide.
Hydrolyzed NTAN compositions are liquid formulations of amide-acids used to inhibit the precipitation of sodium chloride from dehydrated high chloride brines, as metal complexants, prevent caking and flowability of salts. For instance, in Oilfield applications, the compositions are known to eliminate salt build up on tubular configurations and equipment, meter runs and chokes. However, these compositions often have unacceptably high levels of cyanide. To this end, development of a new NTAN hydrolysis method was explored to producing hydrolyzed NTAN compositions having negligible free cyanide levels including composition substantially free of cyanide in a more efficient and effective manner.
A new faster and more efficient NTAN hydrolysis method has been developed. The method is a one-pot, one-shot synthetic procedure, where NTAN is hydrolyzed in the presence of an acid catalyst without external heating. The one-shot addition of NTAN results in a more efficient hydrolysis of NTAN due to the exothermic nature of the reaction. The reaction is then treated with an oxidizing agent adapted to reduce, minimize, remove or destroy free cyanide to a desired low level to generate hydrolyzed NTAN composition having desired low levels of free cyanide including substantially cyanide free compositions. In certain embodiments, the desired low level is a level below a detection limit of free cyanide.
The addition of NTAN in one shot yields a reaction temperature at or below about 90� C. (≦194� F.) guaranteeing a more efficient and cost effective process for manufacturing hydrolyzed NTAN compositions having a reduced or minimized free cyanide concentration including substantially cyanide free hydrolyzed NTAN compositions.
If any crystallization occurs in a product, the crystals can be readily dissolved by increasing pH or addition of ammonium hydroxide and/or water with stirring. Alternatively, an existing winterized formulation can be prepared through the addition of an appropriate wintering agent.
Product color changes are due to π to π* transitions that occur in the UV-visible region in carboxylate, cyanide, amide, and/or amino-acid group of the product components.
Suitable acid catalysts includes, without limitation, mineral acids such as HCl, HBr, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, or the like, organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacectic acid, trichloroacetic acid, triflic acid, or the like, or mixtures or combinations thereof.
Suitable oxidizing agents include, without limitations, alkali hypochlorites such as lithium hypochlorite (LiOCl), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), potassium hypochlorite (KOCl), cesium hypochlorite (CsOCl) and rubidium hypochlorite (RbOCl); alkali chlorites such as lithium chlorite (LiClO2), sodium chlorite (NaClO2), potassium chlorite (KClO2), cesium chlorite (CsClO2) and rubidium chlorite (RbClO2), alkaline metal hypochlorites, alkaline metal chlorites, alkali bisulfites, alkaline bisulfites, ammonium bisulfite, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, chlorine, bromine, other similar oxidizing agents, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
Suitable winterizing agents include, without limitations, alcohols, glycols, formates, other freezing point depressant, or mixtures or combinations thereof.
Process Chemistry
Hydrolysis of Nitrilotriacetonitrile
On a commercial scale process, it takes about a couple of days to produce a batch of a hydrolyzed nitrilotriacetonitrile composition. The current process involves adding nitrilotriacetonitrile (NTAN) to a hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution (or other acid solution) over a 12 hour period followed by a 1 hour hold. After the 1 hour reaction hold, the batch is worked up over an additional 10 hour period of time. To gain insight into the chemistry and process step involved in hydrolyzing NTAN, the inventors prepared hydrolyzed NTAN formulations in the laboratory using the current commercial process, modified commercial processes, a prior art (U.S. Pat. No. 3,987,077) process and the new processes of this invention—one bulk NTAN addition, acid or base catalysis, short reaction times, no external heating, and treatment with an oxidizing agent.
One-shot Addition of NTAN
In the novel methods of this invention described herein, a one-shot or bulk addition of NTAN to an acid solution such as a HCl solution was employed. In prior art, the general assumption is that nitrilotriacetonitrile (NTAN) hydrolysis is uncontrollable if NTAN was added over a short period of time, and especially in a one-time addition. To the contrary, no reaction run away was observed when NTAN on 50 g and 100 g scales was added at in one shot to HCl solution. Although reaction temperature reached 90� C. (194� F.) at 1 atmosphere over a 30 minute period of time, but temperature dropped steadily thereafter as shown in
One-shot Addition at ≦60� C. (140� F.)
Similarly, hydrolyzed NTAN compositions can be prepared by a single NTAN addition, while maintaining the reaction temperature at or below about 60� C. (≦60� C. or ≦140� F.) as shown in
Sequential Addition of NTAN Over 1 Hour & Treatment at ≦60� C. (140� F.)
Alternatively, addition of NTAN over 1 hour to a HCl solution and maintaining the reaction temperature at about 60� C. (140� F.) for 3 hours can be used to prepare hydrolyzed NTAN compositions. Here, the protracted addition keeps fresh NTAN in the solution even close to 2 hours into the treatment. Thus, by modifying the current method, complete hydrolysis is achieved in 4 hours total reaction time. In either case, complete hydrolysis must be ascertained by dissolving a sample portion of the reaction solution in aqua ammonia or other basic solution. The reaction is complete if there is no solid suspension seen after addition of base to the reaction sample.
Neutralization Process
The pH of the product is adjusted to a pH between about 7.5 and about 8 with aqua ammonia.
Removal of Residual Cyanide
To remove cyanide concentration to desired low levels or to undetectable levels, the resultant product from hydrolysis and neutralization is treated independently with an oxidizing agent such as sodium chlorite, hypochlorite, ammonium bisulfite, and/or similar oxidizing agents that produce environmentally benign products. The maximum cyanide concentration found in lab or plant samples was less than 60 ppm. Therefore, assuming 60 ppm in the hydrolyzed/neutralized product, a 100th concentration (w/w) of hypochlorite or chlorite per Liter to product (3.5 lb of NaO2Cl or NaOCl per barrel of hydrolyzed/neutralized product) was found to be sufficient to effectively neutralize residual cyanide to an undetectable level.
Free Cyanide Concentration Before and after
Treatment with Sodium Chlorite
Sample ID
Before Treatment
After Treatment
45 � 5
5 � 5
45 � 5
20 � 5
10 � 5
20 � 5
35 � 5
5 � 5
30 � 5
10 � 5
1Reactions that were carried out at high temperatures have undetectable levels of free cyanide.
The required amount of chlorite or hypochlorite was dissolved in calculated amount of deionized water required for normal dilution. Thus, under the basic condition (pH 8), the product was treated with chlorite/hypochlorite for about 30 minutes at a temperature of about 30� C. (86� F.) with agitation. Then, the pH was adjusted to between 4.5 and 6.0 with HCl.
Physical & Chemical Properties of Constituents
Hydrolyzed NTAN made by existing commercial method is known to form crystals and change color from light yellow to opaque over its shelve life as shown in
Crystallization of Hydrolyzed NTAN Components
A neat sample of nitrilotriacetic acid was found to be insoluble in de-ionized water (DI), but soluble in aqua ammonia. In essence, the salt of the acid is soluble whereas the free acid is not soluble in DI. As such, an acidic product can easily form crystals under the right conditions of temperature. Still, when a concentrated solution of the product is formed due to water loss to evaporation or less than required to solubilize the solutes; crystals will form. Therefore, addition of base and/or water is recommended when crystals are observed in transit or storage conditions.
Varied Colors
Color is known to accompany π to π* transitions that occur in the UV-visible region. Carboxylate, nitrile, amides, amino-acids and other mixtures thereof as shown
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LCMS) Analysis
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (LCMS) analyses were performed on two different hydrolyzed NTAN samples, Lot#0415050 and lot#14879757. LCMS offers advantages of separation of a liquid mixture to pure components and molecular weight determination. Nine distinct adducts are obtainable from the hydrolysis of NTAN as shown in
Identified Components of Two Hydrolyzed NTAN
Lot Samples Using LCMS
Functional Groups Distribution
(Acetonitrile)2 (Acetamide)
(Acetonitrile)2 (Acetic acid)
(Acetonitrile) (Acetamide)2
(Acetonitrile) (Acetamide) (Acetic acid)
(Acetonitrile) (Acetic acid)2
(Acetamide)3 or NTAA
(Acetamide)2 (Acetic acid)
(Acetamide) (Acetic acid)2
(Acetic acid)3 or NTA
Nonetheless, there might be intangible differences in performance. Essentially, analyses of components can be explored to produce most efficient formulation if so desired in the future.
4. FTIR Spectroscopy Analysis
In the FTIR spectra as shown in
Laboratory Synthesis of Hydrolyzed NTAN Compositions
Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 32%, 200 g, 1.56 moles, 20 degree Baume) was placed in a 1,000 mL round bottom reaction flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, a heating plate, a condenser, and an ice-bath. Nitrilotriacetonitrile (NTAN, 50 g, 0.37 moles), was added over 4 hours in 10% increments while stirring the resulting mixture and maintaining the temperature between 25-60� C. (77-140� F.). Then, the resultant white slurry was stirred for an additional 4 hour to permit complete hydrolysis.
Aqua ammonia (125 g, 29.4%, 26 degree Baume, 1.04 moles) was added to the mixture until a pale yellow color appears (pH=2.77), while maintaining the temperature below 60� C. (140� F.). The solution was diluted with deionized water (115 g, 5.70 moles) and the pH was adjusted to 5 by adding aqua ammonia to give 482.67 g of a product designated sample 3. [Note: The hydrolysis was incomplete because the last portion of NTAN was acid-treated for 1 hour of reaction following the addition of the final shot of NTAN.]
The same procedure described above was followed, however NTAN was added in one shot to a HCl solution (using same reagent quantities), while stirring the resulting mixture vigorously. The reaction temperature rose gradually from 25� C. to 90� C. (77� F. to 194� F.) in 35 minutes giving a transparent light yellow solution. At about 90� C. (194� F.), the mixture refluxed gently. Solubility test showed complete hydrolysis of NTAN. The temperature then dropped steadily to 140� F. within 5 min. A portion (61.15 g) was withdrawn and treated with aqua ammonia (42.46 g, 26 degree Baume) and diluted with deionized water (20 g, DI) to dissolve suspended solids giving sample 14 (123.61 g, see
Following the same procedure described in method A above, and using the same reagent quantities, NTAN was added in one shot to a HCl solution, while stirring the resulting mixture, and maintaining temperature between 25� C. (77� F.) and 60� C. (140� F.). The hydrolysis was complete in one hour.
Aqua ammonia (114 g, 29.4%, 0.9576) was added to the mixture, a pale yellow color appeared, while maintaining the temperature below 60� C. (140� F.). The solution was diluted with DI water (115 g) and the pH was adjusted to 5 by adding aqua ammonia (30 g, 0.86 moles) to give 504 g of a product designated sample 12. [The same procedure was repeated on a 100 g scale. Both temperature and reaction time were found to be the same.]
In the same manner described in method A above, NTAN (50 g, 0.37 moles) was added to a HCl solution (200 g of 20 degree Be, 32%) over 1 hour period of time. While stirring the resulting mixture and maintaining the reaction temperature at a temperature <60� C. (140� F.), the reaction was continued for 3 hours. Following a positive solubility test, aqua ammonia (128 g, 29.4%, 1.05 moles) was added to the mixture (now a pale yellow), while maintaining the temperature below 60� C. (140� F.). The solution was diluted with DI (130 g, pH 9.4) to give 455 g of a product designated sample 5.
Sodium Chlorite & Hypochlorite Treatment
Generally, after adjusting solution pH to between 2-5, the resultant products were treated with sodium hypochlorite or chlorite in a ratio of 1/100 (w/w) for 30 min. After the treatment, free cyanide analyses were carried out as described herein. Products were either completely cyanide free or left with permissible trace levels of cyanide. For effective removal of cyanide in large scale, chlorite is added under basic condition (pH ˜8) and the cyanide free product can then be adjusted to a pH between 5 and 6.
Free Cyanide Test Procedure
This test was performed using HACH Cyanide test Kit (Produced by Hach Company, Loveland Colo., USA), Range 0-0.3 mg/L, Model CYN-3 and Cat. No. 2010-02.
The free cyanide test procedure starts by diluting a sample a 1000 times.
If the sample is turbid, the sample is filtered before testing as follow: Place a peace of folded filter paper in a funnel and set it on top of a square mixing bottle. Pour the diluted sample through the filter paper and allow enough to pass through the filter to fill the square bottle to the shoulder.
Use clippers to open one hexaVere™ powder pillow. Add the contents of the pillow to the mixing bottle and swirl to mix.
Add the content of one CyaniVer™ 3 cyanide reagent powder pillow to the mixing bottle, and swirl to mix and allow to stand undisturbed for 1 minute.
Add the content of one CyaniVer™ 4 cyanide reagent powder pillow to the mixing bottle and proceed immediately to the next step.
Add the content of one CyaniVer™ 5 cyanide reagent powder pillow to the bottle, and swirl to mix. If Cyanide is present, a pink color will develop and turn blue in a few minutes. Allow at least 20 minutes, but not more than 26 minutes for full color development.
Fill a color viewing tube to the 5 mL mark with untreated water sample. Place it in the left top opening of comparator.
Hold the comparator up to a light source such as the sky, a window or lamp and view through the openings in front. Rotate the disc to obtain a color match. Read the mg/L cyanide concentration (CN) through the scale window.
All references cited herein are incorporated by reference. Although the invention has been disclosed with reference to its preferred embodiments, from reading this description those of skill in the art may appreciate changes and modification that may be made which do not depart from the scope and spirit of the invention as described above and claimed hereafter.
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|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 20, 2011
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|Clearwater International, Llc
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 21, 2008
Owner name: CLEARWATER INTERNATIONAL, LLC,TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FALANA, OLUSEGUN M.;HIKEM, AZIZ;KAKADJIAN, SARKIS R.;ANDOTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021267/0707
Effective date: 20080718
Owner name: CLEARWATER INTERNATIONAL, LLC, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FALANA, OLUSEGUN M.;HIKEM, AZIZ;KAKADJIAN, SARKIS R.;ANDOTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021267/0707
Effective date: 20080718
|Nov 5, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 9, 2015
Owner name: LUBRIZOL OILFIELD SOLUTIONS, INC., OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CLEARWATER INTERNATIONAL, L.L.C.;REEL/FRAME:036822/0379
Effective date: 20150804


text:
After a rural childhood in Somerset, Harry left school in 1913 to become a plumber. Three years later, he was fighting in the mud and trenches during the Battle of Passchendaele. He saw a great many of his comrades die, and in one dreadful moment the shell that wounded him killed his three closest friends.
Harry vividly describes the terror and intensity of daily life in the trenches. The Second World War saw him in action on the home front as a fire-fighter during the bombing of Bath. Late in life, Harry achieved fame, meeting the Queen and taking part in the BBC documentary The Last Tommy, finally shaking hands with a German veteran of the artillery, and speaking out frankly to Prime Minister Tony Blair about the soldiers shot for cowardice in the First World War.
This is the story of an ordinary man's extraordinary life.
©2007 Richard van Emden; (P)2008 Hachette Audio
"[An]extraordinary autobiography... a moving, non-sentimental account by the very last witness of a devastating four years in Britain's history." (Daily Mail)
There are no reviews for this title yet.
"Haunting & Inspiring"
A fantastic story from a truly fantastic man, highly recommended.
"Harry Patch"
This is a nice book, but please do not think it is about the First World War, this is a book about Harry Patch, a great man, but it is not a soldiers story
"lovely book"
this book made me think of the sacrifices the men of the wars made for us, really funny in places too !
"History in your own lifetime."
Made you appreciate what these young men went through not so very long ago.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
GATE 2016 Admit Card, GATE Hall Ticket GOAPS Login – Candidates who applied for GATE 2016 can download Now GATE 2016 Admit Card Online through GOAPS logging by enters your email id or Enrolment ID and Password. The admit card is very important to carry in examination hall without admit card candidates never be able to take examination.
GATE 2016 Hall Ticket
- GATE 2016 Admit Card is available to download from 28 December 2015.
- Candidates must brings their admit card print to appear for exam
- Candidates must note that printout must be on A4 Sheet with colour printer
- Candidates must check all detail before exam on admit card and their photograph must be clear.
- photo must be same as in application form
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- GATE 2016 Result, GATE Topper List gate.iisc.ernet.in
GATE 2016 Official Question Paper and Answer Key
GATE 2016 Admit Card, GATE Hall Ticket GOAPS Login
The admit card of GATE 2016 will having following information as
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it is necessary to carry the Original photo id with them in examination hall
- Driving License
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- PAN Card
- Voter ID
- Aadhaar UID
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|GATE 2016 Session Code
|GATE 2016 Paper Code
|January 30, 2016
|ME and EC
|ME, BT, CH, GG, MN and PH
|January 31, 2016
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How to download GATE 2016 Admit Card
to download GATE 2016 Hall Ticket candidates need to follow some step –
- Candidates must need to login to GOAPS to download GATE 2016 Admit Card by using enrolment number/ email id and pass word.
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- Download GATE 2016 Hall Ticket
|Recruitment Form
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text: ATLANTA, Oct. 23, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- The Edison Electric Institute (EEI) today announced that Southern Company's national accounts team is among the nation's best at consistently delivering outstanding customer service to leading chain and multi-site businesses. The company was honored for Sustained Excellence in EEI's 2012 National Key Accounts Customer Service Awards program, receiving recognition for sustained efforts over the years to deliver excellent customer service. This is the 10th year Southern Company has been recognized. "This award represents not only the 'whats' of our business – making, moving and selling electricity – but also the 'hows,' making our communities better because we're there, keeping customers at the center of all that we do," Southern Company Chairman, President and CEO Thomas A. Fanning said. "It's not enough to deliver clean, safe, reliable and affordable power. We want to be the best at how we do it, to be bigger than our bottom line." In addition to the company recognition, regional account managers Janet Booker and Chris Smith received individual awards. Booker was one of three industry-wide recipients of an individual Sustained Excellence Award, and Smith was one of six national recipients of an individual Outstanding Customer Service Award. Booker has worked with national brands in the hospitality, home improvement, office supply and discount sectors. Smith's accounts have included major national restaurant chains, department stores and grocers. Southern Company's national accounts organization serves more than 125 large, multi-site customers that represent approximately 25,000 accounts within Southern Company's service territory, with a focus on building strong relationships and delivering value. Since its inception in 1988, EEI's National Key Accounts Program has addressed the unique and growing needs of those commercial customers with multiple sites or outlets, including chains and franchise operations. Through the National Key Accounts network of electric utilities, these businesses gain a single point of contact at each utility. A national accounts manager offers a variety of valuable services, including expediting new service connections, providing information about rates and suggesting ways to improve energy efficiency.


text:
Tournament Home
Welcome to the 5th Annual Cleared to Land on the Green, charity golf tournament, benefiting Fisher House Foundation and Folds of Honor! Business Jet Center, Dallas Love Field, is proud to host this exciting event at the elite Cowboys Golf Club. There will be multiple contest, music, food, drinks and more fun than you can imagine, packed into this November day! Gather your friends and sign up fast, registration is limited!
Fisher House Foundation
Folds of Honor


text:
Snorg Tees, you see their ads sprawled across the web, always with some rather attractive person either emulating an expression of their shirt or just all around looking good in them. I knew of Snorg Tees prior to this review but had up until recently never paid much attention. After a a few beers and a lot of ego boosting, I finally agreed to write a review and post a picture of myself wearing a shirt of my choice.
Upon entering their site I was pleasantly surprised at the astounding selection and breadth of genres the product line encompasses. There really is something for everyone, force wielders to sport fanatics, you'll find something that makes you smile. Their website is to the point and they have specific sections for Men, Women, Hoodies and kids. Being extremely proud of my ability to surprise people from high places and vanish when they least expect it, my choice was obvious.
Delivery times were spot on, it took less then a week after placing the order for the t-shirt to make its way over my enlarged head and onto its home for the next couple of days. A note to anyone larger then Robert Pattison (Edward from Twilight for those of us not into teen dramas) order a size larger then you normally do. I'm a medium, what I don't tell people is that I'm really a large but in some rare cases I can squeeze into a medium depending on the cut of the shirt. Obviously when ordering online trying on the merchandise and testing how it fits doesn't really work, so I was cautious and ordered a large. The shirt fit…. for the most part, however it did remind me that a couple of sit-ups a day never hurt anyone.
My hang ups aside the quality is what I would expect from any shirt….that it doesn't tear when I put it on. Really though its 100% cotton and doesn't chafe. You can always return an unworn/unwashed t-shirt within 60 days of purchase, try it on just don't start doing yoga in it. Also anyone that submits a new caption may receive $150 and a free t-shirt if their idea gets published, so start sending in your funny one liners.
I'm very happy with the shirt and will be ordering more, if nothing else pay a visit to their site and take notes, I can't wait to start whipping some of them out during my next social Endeavour.
Snorg Tees are interesting with their cute and funny graphics. There is definitely a Snorg Tee for everyone in your family.
Here is the news about the giveaway:
Thanks to the wonderful generosity of Snorg Tees, 1 winner will receive their own t-shirt from Snorg Tees.
To Enter:
Leave a comment with your e-mail in your profile.
Review/Giveaway Rules:
- Giveaway ends June 12, 2010 @ midnight (Pacific Time).
- Leave your email address or use Facebook to comment.
- We will be using Random.org to choose the winner.
- US and Canadian addresses.
Receive extra entries in the giveaway and increase your chances to win (Leave an additional comment for each):
- Post our coupon widget on your website (http://www.groceryalerts.ca/coupon-ticker-on-your-website) on your website. (3 extra entries)
- Become an RSS feed subscriber (3 extra entries)
- Become a fan of Grocery Alerts Canada on Facebook.
- Follow @groceryalerts on Twitter
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- Blog about this giveaway on your personal website
Grocery Alerts Canada has not been compensated for this review. Grocery Alerts was given the product to review by the company.
Congratulations to winner #53,


text:
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- DIY a Donut Hole Tower and Donut Kebobs (and a Donut Giveaway!) craftsncoffee.com/2017/05/26/diy… via @CraftsnCoffee 8 hours ago
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Category Archives: Christmas Wreaths
DIY a glamorous, Valentine's Day Ornament Wreath
I've always loved Christmas Ornament Wreaths, and when I saw this collection of magenta, silver and black ornaments, I decided to DIY a Valentine's Day Ornament Wreath. It's not weird to make an Ornament Wreath for Valentine's Day, is it? … Continue reading
Say hello to Rudolph, everyone's favorite reindeer wreath!
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Posted in Christmas Wreaths, Fabric Craft, Wreaths Tagged Christmas wreath, diy, felt, pine wreath, reindeer wreath, Rudolph wreath, shaggy felt, Styrofoam, Styrofoam cone 6 Comments
How to make an Ornament Wreath (and don't forget the giveaway!)
Nothing says "Merry Christmas" like a pretty Christmas Ornament Wreath, and I'm excited to have Patty Schaffer share her DIY Ornament Wreath with us today. If you've always wanted to make an Ornament Wreath, take a peek at Patty's tutorial … Continue reading
Posted in Christmas Crafts, Christmas Wreaths, Craft Tutorial, Wreaths Tagged Christmas ornament wreath, diy, easy, ornament wreath, Styrofoam wreath 16 Comments
How to DIY a super-cozy, candle-lit, Plaid Flannel Wreath
I've made a lot of wreaths, and shared even more, but I've never seen a Christmas wreath like the one Debi Schmitz shares with us today. After wrapping her Cozy, Plaid Christmas Wreath in a warm & welcoming plaid flannel, … Continue reading
Repurpose silk ties and DIY a gorgeous, Silk Tie Wreath
As promised, today I have the DIY on how to repurpose old neckties and make a Silk Tie Wreath. I recommend you scout second-hand stores for ties, and when you do, be sure to pick up extras so you can … Continue reading
Another use for old silk ties: DIY Silk Tie Deco Spheres
Today I have another elegant yet easy DIY project to add a little spark to your winter decor – Silk Tie Deco Spheres. If raiding your closets doesn't turn up any old ties, you'll find them in second-hand store. These … Continue reading
Make a Sparkling, Winter Snowflake Wreath with dollar store snowflakes
After a weather delay in Chicago last night, I am happy to be home from the CHA Show. It's been a mild winter around here and it's easy to forget the hazards of wintertime travel. We've had too few of … Continue reading
Posted in Christmas Wreaths, Craft Tutorial, Wintertime Crafts, Wreaths Tagged diy, Dollar Store crafts, easy, snowflake wreath, Styrofoam wreath, wreath ideas 12 Comments
A sweet, Glittered Gumdrop & Sugarplum Christmas Wreath
I hope you enjoyed your Thanksgiving Day, and that you're still snacking on leftovers. Mmmm . . . Patty Schaffer is back today with another sweet Christmas craft – she made more Glittered Gumdrops, this time in a smaller size, … Continue reading
You'll love this Frosty, Blue Christmas Snowball and Ribbon Wreath
With frosty blue ribbons in luscious textures and finishes, I could call this the Frozen Christmas Wreath, after the popular Disney movie Frozen. However, I think I'll call it the Christmas Snowball Wreath, or maybe the Blue Christmas, Snowball & … Continue reading
Tinsel Tuesdays: DIY a Recycled Tie Wreath for Christmas (or year-round)
I have lots of photos today because I am showing off two dazzling and elegant Recycled Tie Wreaths made by Kathleen George. Kathleen's first wreath is in rich shades of reds, perfect for Christmas. She shares a second Recycled Tie … Continue reading


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Midweek craziness make you want to reach for the takeout menu? Stop! Make this healthy, easy pasta that's loaded with nutritious greens instead.
Swiss Chard Pasta
*Gluten-Free, Dairy-Free, and Vegan
Serves 4*
¾ lb. gluten-free pasta such as TruRoots brand (or whole grain pasta)
1 bunch Swiss chard, cut into ½-inch pieces
2 Tbsp. coconut oil
¾ cup kalamata olives
10 oz. cups mixed salad greens
½ tsp. lemon zest
2 Tbsp. finely chopped fresh cilantro
2 scallions, thinly sliced
¼ tsp. sea salt
¼ tsp. freshly ground pepper
Pinch of red pepper flakes


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Rob: From One Fight to Another
Finally my banishment ended!
I spent a year in that alternate Universe. Of course once they'd started, the aliens had continued to take the people of Heliopolis on. Suffice to say they failed miserably. The Dimension Stalkers had annhialted most of their ranks and vehicles, some of the police were dead but not many, yet despite how inferior the police were in firepower, they began to push the aliens back. Then the American Army got involved. It was pretty amazing to see.
Their jets were silver in color and their engines were as blue as lapis lazuli. They were shaped to a fine point and had energy guns. Though they weren't as advanced as the aliens, it was enough to put a stop to them. The infantry also carried a primitive energy weapon and their vehicles were more armored and blasted heavy radiation. I was curious about where they had gotten this tech. After consulting Fluke, he explained that Heliopolis was very involved in intergalactic affairs. Although America, to a point, feared them for their proximity and lack of worry, the people of Heliopolis were becoming fast attuned to seeing the odd strange looking person walking the streets every now and then, even if they were surrounded by an armed escort.
More interestingly, it seemed that the president had authorised Earth to be part of a benign Galactic Authority known weirdly as the USA, or United Species Alliance. This Alliance consisted of millions of planets around the Universe that traded with each other and looked out for each other. Although there were pirated and outside Alliance threats such as the Valverines, it was relatively safe.
Yet the fight was annoyin and I was thoroughly tired of it, glad when it finished and the wounded warriors left. Eventually, I learned toughly how to approach the veil but just wasn't yet strong enough to push through. Thankfully, they were developing the technology to move between dimension (looted from the aliens of course) and with a little push, I returned to America.
I emerged at my alternate parents house, they were surprised to see me. Apparently in the year 2012, their son had died. My alternate father had become terminally ill and I spent a further month with my alternate mother looking after him, telling him my story and what I planned to do. He said he had a company, a large one known as Walker Inc that designed products. He said I could have it but to do so, I would have to be adopted by him. So he signed the papers. On his deathbed I cried, for it brought back memories of my own fathers death in the year 2012. My alternate mother shared my tears and I comforted her. I spent the final month sorting out the funeral, getting to know the company and publically outing myself as the new Head of Walker Inc. Then finally, I had to begin overseeing the construction of the new Oceanus chain.
My alternate mother had decided to fully take me under her wing and using all the contacts she had from her days as a US Senator, claimed that I had been adopted many years ago. She did this so I could become the person I was meant to be.
"So you stand for the rights of the Superhumans then, Mr.Walker?"
"Indeed I do, they are valid citizens of the US and as a fellow human, I feel obliged to accept them into our nation. Only a select few commit these crimes, but for every negative act, there is an equal and opposite positive act, and you, Mr Simpson... fail to recognize that!" I raised my arm in the air and bits of the crowd cheered.
"Oh yes, America is a free country and all... then why, if we are free people as you say, do we walk down the streets with our minds opened up for you Superhumans to read as if the nation were a public library?" he called in outrage. The majority of the crowd jeered and chanted.
"PEOPLE, PEOPLE!" I tried to calm them down, "again, those are a select few, most of whom are decent and honest people who would not use said-powers in such a vulgar way-"
"-you speak, Mr Walker, as if you know them... do you consort with their kind? are you their spokesperson? are you even a Superhuman in disguise?" he looked out victoriously as the crowds eyes looked at me with distrust.
He was twisting my words... the press had wanted my opinion and I knew I had to answer their call or else face suspicion, yet I was fighting this battle on my own. Everybody else had withdrawn when the light had been cast on us and now the press and the public were looking for targets. I may well have become one.
"Mr Simpson, you misunderstand me. Why would I voice my opinions publically if it would destroy my reputation? Yet there you stand, high on your pedestal of hate and fear and judge those that have slightly different view than you. I will not attack your personage, nor will I condemn you, but I will not stand to be insulted, and nor will I stand to let innocent people suffer your persuction!" With that I stormed away, head held high. There was catcalling and booing, but also cheering which I appreciated. So not everybody was a lost cause.
"So the loser walks away, how sore," oh how I wanted to turn around and throw his figure into the mouth of a Stalker. With as much restraint as I could muster, I held off.
It was clear, however, why they litstened to him. He was tall, he was strong, he was an American hero dammit and nobody knew who I was. I would show them all soon though, and then I would be the powerful one who could sway the nation with but a few swathe words.


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Washington, September 12 : An astronomer of Indian origin, along with his colleagues, has found that ultra-massive black holes, which lurk in the centers of huge galaxy clusters like the one above, seem to have an upper mass limit of 10 billion times that of the Sun.
The astronomer in question is Priyamvada Natarajan, an associate professor of astronomy and physics at Yale University and a fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, who made the discovery along with Ezequiel Treister, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Hawaii.
Once considered rare and exotic objects, black holes are now known to exist throughout the universe, with the largest and most massive found at the centers of the largest galaxies.
These "ultra-massive" black holes have been shown to have masses upwards of one billion times that of our own Sun.
Now, Natarajan and Treister have shown that even the biggest of these gravitational monsters can't keep growing forever. Instead, they appear to curb their own growth - once they accumulate about 10 billion times the mass of the Sun.
These ultra-massive black holes, found at the centers of giant elliptical galaxies in huge galaxy clusters, are the biggest in the known universe. Even the large black hole at the center of our own Milky Way galaxy is thousands of times less massive than these behemoths.
But these gigantic black holes, which accumulate mass by sucking in matter from neighboring gas, dust and stars, seem unable to grow beyond this limit regardless of where - and when - they appear in the universe.
"It's not just happening today. They shut off at every epoch in the universe," said Natarajan.
The study represents the first time an upper mass limit has been derived for black holes.
Natarajan and Treister used existing optical and X-ray data of these ultra-massive black holes to show that, in order for those various observations to be consistent, the black holes must essentially shut off at some point in their evolution.
One possible explanation put forth by Natarajan is that the black holes eventually reach the point when they radiate so much energy as they consume their surroundings that they end up interfering with the very gas supply that feeds them, which may interrupt nearby star formation.
The new findings have implications for the future study of galaxy formation, since many of the largest galaxies in the universe appear to co-evolve along with the black holes at their centers.
"Evidence has been mounting for the key role that black holes play in the process of galaxy formation," said Natarajan. "But, it now appears that they are likely the prima donnas of this space opera," she added.


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The Department of Mathematical Sciences offers three graduate degree programs:
We also offer a graduate certificate program in applied statistics.
Each M.S. program has flexibility, so you can tailor it to your needs while meeting the requirements. Neither requires a thesis nor knowledge of a foreign language.
The programs are structured so they can be completed by part-time students who attend classes only in the evening. These part-time students normally complete a degree program in three to five years. Full-time students with good preparation normally complete a master's degree in two years. All of the courses are offered starting 4:30 p.m. or later, two days a week.
Classes are small, allowing for greater opportunities for student-faculty interaction. Even if you are not interested in a degree or certificate program, you may take graduate courses offered by the department.
Interested? We invite prospective students to visit with faculty and current graduate students to see what IPFW has to offer. Contact Director of Graduate Program Doug Weakley at weakley (at) ipfw.edu. The director of the MAT program is Prof. Sue Mau, maus (at) ipfw.edu.
You can get information on comparing programs, how to apply for admission, create a plan of study, seek a teaching assistantship, and other helpful links
Graduate Certificate
in Applied Statistics
IPFW Office of Graduate Studies


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The Milwaukee Brewers have decided to hold off on installing a new scoreboard and sound system at Miller Park for the 2010 season.
Rick Schlesinger, the team's executive vice president for business relations, said the recession and significant investments in other areas of the ballpark compelled the franchise to hold off on a plan for a new scoreboard for the 2010 season.
As originally envisioned, the Brewers wanted to put in a new sound and scoreboard system for 2010. Now that has been pushed back at least until 2011.
"It could even be 2012," Schlesinger said.
New scoreboards with high-definition capabilities can run anywhere from $9 million to $12 million. The Brewers had planned to pay for most of the project, but also planned to tap into at least $5.25 million that is in the Miller Park stadium district's segregated reserve fund.
That fund is funded jointly by the Brewers and by taxpayers in the five-county area through the 0.1% sales tax.
Schlesinger said that, by waiting, the pricing of a new scoreboard should be more manageable. In addition, the Brewers will be able to take advantage of new technology.
During the off-season, workers have been busy renovating the club-level suites at the ballpark, in addition to renovations at a stadium retail store and construction of the new Harley-Davidson deck in the center-field area.


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FILE - In this Tuesday, Jan. 14, 2014, file photo, Trader Richard Newman works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Stock markets rose Wednesday Jan. 15, 2014 as an upbeat World Bank assessment of the global economic outlook underpinned buying spurred by stronger U.S. retail sales. (AP Photo/Richard Drew, File)
NEW YORK — It was a squeaker, but the Standard & Poor's 500 index closed at its first all-time high of 2014.
The S&P 500 closed up nine points today, or 0.5 percent, at 1,848.38. That's just two-hundredths of a point above its previous high set on Dec. 31, 2013.
Other indexes also rose.
The Dow Jones industrial average climbed 108 points, or 0.7 percent, to 16,481. That's 94 points short of the Dow's own record high, also from Dec. 31.
The Nasdaq rose 31 points, or 0.8 percent, to 4,214.
Bank of America led other bank stocks higher with a 2 percent gain. It reported a surge in profit in the fourth quarter.
Technology stocks also rose sharply. Microsoft rose 2.7 percent and Apple gained 2 percent.


text: Divxturka.net is using Redbunker! Because Redbunker is better than Hotfile, Netload and Rapidshare ! Click here and buy REDBUNKER premium account! Plot: Lil (Naomi Watts) and Roz ('Robin Wright' ) are two lifelong friends, having grown up together as neighbors in an idyllic beach town. As adults, their sons have developed a friendship as strong as that which binds their mothers. One summer, all four are confronted by simmering emotions that have been mounting between them, and each find unexpected happiness in relationships that cross the bounds of convention. Genre: Drama IMDB Rating: 6.3/10 from 798 users Directed by: Anne Fontaine Starring: Robin Wright, Naomi Watts, Xavier Samuel Release Name: Adore.2013.BDRip.x264-NODLABS Size: 669 MB Video: MKV | 720×302 Audio: English | AAC Runtime: 01h 51mn 15s Information: Code: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2103267/ Adore 2013 BDRip x264-NODLABS Code: Single Link No Extraction http://www.redbunker.net/t6e6xot78psh/adore.2013.bdrip.x264-nodlabs.mkv.html Screens:


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8 July 1905
I found this notebook- empty but for an old note to Queen Victoria. I can't even remember writing it. I must have really had nothing to do. However I couldn't help but smile a little when I mentioned the business involving the vote. For the last seven years my mother has said how much I deserve it and I would never know what she meant.
Well today my mother was arrested.
I was there. Its all very new to most people- these suffragists. Anyone who isn't a woman (at least not a woman with sense, my mother says) excluding my father is against it. It was just a quiet protest and then there were police everywhere. Mother looked at me and I know what that meant- go home. Now.
I was about to go but I couldn't. This police man was asking my mother what she was doing and seemed to be very rude, though I couldn't hear what he was saying to her. In my opinion he just wasn't born a good person. He was trying to cause an arguement, it seemed. But he wouldn't arrest her.
But he could when she hit him.
I hate writing about it. Suffragists aren't meant to do that sort of violence. And my mother is normally very calm. But anyone would have done the same in her place. Wait...
I think I remember what he said to her now. Know your place.
I wish I was a boy sometimes. We don't have a lot of money and I'm sixteen, not in school any more, and I could work if I wasn't a girl. Or maybe a girl could- no.
But you clearly don't have a say in some things, no matter how much you try.


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Three Palestinian women from Lebanon attending the Peking women's conference flew home to Beirut only to be put aboard a flight to Larnaca.
So was a Palestinian woman returning from Switzerland, where she had received medical treatment for war wounds. A Palestinian businessman flew into Beirut and was flown to Larnaca, then to Amman, from there back to Beirut and on to Dubai. None of them, it seems, had ever been to Libya.
Their sin was to have been outside Lebanon when Colonel Muammar Gaddafi decided to expel 25,000 Palestinians from Libya, only about 7,000 of whom held Lebanese residence papers. The Lebanese allowed 350 into the country by boat but then blocked the sea route and banned all Palestinians with Lebanese residence who were outside Lebanon - around 100,000, according to Palestinian sources - from returning without special visas.
In the course of only two days, the Beirut authorities reduced the Palestinian refugee population here by almost a third, courtesy of Colonel Gaddafi.
In a country where contempt for the 350,000 Palestinians - half of whom live in 12 refugee camps across Lebanon - unites Muslims and Christians, the Lebanese response to Colonel Gaddafi's expulsion of foreign workers has brought both despair and anger. Thousands of Palestinians studying or working abroad, most of whom would never dream of visiting Libya, have found themselves stranded in foreign lands. The Lebanese documents they relied upon to bring them back to Lebanon are no longer valid without the special permission of the Lebanese embassies.
There is, of course, another side to the story. For years, Yasser Arafat's PLO, whose latest agreement with Israel leaves the refugees registered here largely abandoned to their fate, ran a state within a state in the refugee camps of Lebanon, participating in the country's civil war in which 150,000 men and women died; in the Christian village of Damour, south of Beirut, Palestinian gunmen massacred most of the remaining Catholic Maronites in one of the war's first acts of "ethnic cleansing". Christians massacred Palestinians in far greater numbers at Tel el-Zaatar in 1976 and at Sabra and Chatila, as the Israelis surrounded the camps, in 1982. The hatreds engendered by that war have never been appeased.
Few were surprised, therefore when the Minister of Tourism, Nikola Fatouch, called the refugees "human garbage". At least one member of parliament, Naja Wakim, condemned Mr Fatouch's remark and the government subsequently revoked the visa requirements for all Palestinian residents who had left Beirut since June.
But a new government communique, number 478, issued by the Minister of the Interior, Michel Murr, at the weekend, states that all other 1948 refugees, which means almost all the Palestinians in Lebanon, must in future have exit visas before leaving the country and re- entry visas before returning.
Palestinian sources say that it may take months for the thousands of refugee residents outside Lebanon to obtain permission to return.
"Lebanon wants to get rid of the maximum number of Palestinians it can," a former PLO official said in Beirut. "But instead of the 7,000 Palestinians from Lebanon who were in Libya, it's all 100,000 Palestinians outside the country who are stranded. It's even shown Arafat up in a good light. Now he can say: `Look what I'm doing for you, and look how Gaddafi and the other Arabs treat you.' "
Damascus has allowed Palestinian residents to go back to Syria and have accepted those with homes in Lebanon, for the present. Most of the 200 Palestinians left on the Libyan-Egyptian border have been allowed to continue to Amman and Gaza. But Lebanon's new rules seem set to stay.
The Lebanese authorities have long taken the view that Lebanon paid a disproportionate price for the 1948 exodus of refugees and cannot give them citizenship without changing the demographic balance: most Palestinians here are Sunni Muslims and citizenship might make the Sunni community the most powerful in Lebanon.
A few Palestinians have obtained Lebanese citizenship since 1948 - 30,000, according to a 1987 UN estimate. Others have set up wealthy businesses in Beirut or married Lebanese. The wives of both President Hrawi and the Prime Minister, Rafiq Hariri, are Palestinian. Almost all are survivors, or children of survivors, of the 1948 war, and thus come from the part of Palestine that became Israel.
Many Christian Lebanese who allied themselves to Israel during the war demanded that all Palestinians should be expelled from the country, without once mentioning that if the Palestinians are to go "home", they will have to return to the one country which assuredly will not have them: Israel itself.
- More about:
- Libya
- Middle East
- Muammar Al-Gaddafi


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It began with DJ Nick Grimshaw interrupting his Radio 1 morning show to say, "News just in: I've swallowed something weird in my drink. So now I have to go make sure I'm OK at the hospital."
It was not as louche a declaration as it sounded. What Grimshaw had swallowed was, in fact, a bit of broken glass that turned up in his mug.
But Grimshaw's handling of the incident was a textbook example of grace under pressure, on air. He made his announcement, calmly handed over the microphone to Fearne Cotton – who finished the show – and excused himself. A little while later he tweeted: "Went to hospy, had x-rays, coughed it up, all fine now."
His approach stands in marked contrast to the reaction of 5 Live presenter Shelagh Fogarty when a mouse ran across the studio during an interview last year. She screamed and climbed up on a chair. When the mouse ran across her hand, she moved studios in mid-programme. All of which was captured on a webcam.
Reading this on mobile? Click here to view
The thing you have to admire most of all is Grimshaw's decision not to tough it out for the last 45 minutes of his show. Countless unwell presenters have tried to push past an upset tummy out of a sense of duty – if you type "newscaster barfs" into Google you'll get an idea of the consequences.
Radio is a more forgiving medium than live TV – a lot of things can go wrong without the listener knowing – and if he wanted Grimshaw could have done all his freaking out while a record was on. But I know enough about how I respond to a crisis to know that if I ate some glass, I'd be too worried about stabbing myself from the inside to care what 6.29m listeners thought about my high-pitched shrieking.
The only unclear thing about the incident is how the glass got into Grimshaw's mug in the first place. Apparently the BBC are investigating, but no one is suggesting that Fearne Cotton put it in there on purpose. No one is saying that at all.


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A+ Tutoring Registration During Summer School is Now Closed
A+ Tutoring Registration for Summer 2017 has now closed.
If you submitted a request for tutoring placement over the summer, you will be receiving an email from Mrs. Ward on or before Monday, May 22nd.
*If you are interested in tutoring during summer school and already have a CONFIRMED tutoring placement, please email Mrs. Ward at firstname.lastname@example.com to notify her of your placement.
A+ Certification Map
Below is a step-by-step map to A+ Certification. Click each icon to complete each step of the A+ process.
If you cannot see the map below, please refresh your browser or try a different browser (Firefox, Chrome, Safari, etc.). If you still cannot see the map, you may use the A+ Certification Quick Steps on the bottom left.
District A+ Tutoring Opportunities
There are many options for students to obtain tutoring hours. One way is through District A+ Tutoring Opportunities. The LHS A+ Program works in conjunction with other LPS schools to help students obtain the tutoring they need. Click the A+ icon below to see all of the District A+ Tutoring Opportunities that are available.
Please contact Mrs. Ward (firstname.lastname@example.com) for more information or if you are interested in any of the opportunities.
A+ Questions or Comments?
Jenny Ward- Liberty High School A+ Program Contact (816) 736-5349
Do you want to leave a comment for the A+ Program Contact? Click Here!


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Apple would have had to stop importing and selling the iPad 1 and 2 for AT&T and the iPhone 4 for AT&T and T-Mobile, among other products, if U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman hadn't stepped in today to veto a U.S. International Trade Commission ban on them. The ITC ruled on June 4 that Apple had infringed on Samsung patents dealing with 3G transmissions. It would have taken effect after a 60-day waiting period if the Obama administration didn't overturn it. Froman did so, he said, based on the order's impact on "competitive conditions in the U.S. economy and the effect on U.S. consumers." He added, though, that the veto "is not an endorsement or a criticism" of the ITC. It also leaves open the opportunity for Samsung to "continue to pursue its rights through the courts." This is one of several patent infringement charges that Apple and Samsung have flung at each other. Apple had argued that the patents in this case governed essential services, which would require Samsung to license them on generous terms. Apple praised the administration for "standing up for innovation in this landmark case," CNBC reports. Samsung says it was disappointed with the decision adding that it "has been negotiating in good faith and that Apple remains unwilling to take a license."
Apple Wins Last-Minute Reprieve To Sell Older iPhones And iPads
4 Comments
Obama abusing his power
Care to illustrate, first, what Obama had to do with it. Then let the rest of us know what your problem with Obama actually is, since you clearly have less a problem with this decision by the U.S. Trade Representative (who actually made it) than that African-American guy who happens to hold the Presidency.
Just a year ago, in June 2012, Apple got U.S. District Judge Lucy Koh to issue preliminary injunctions against Samsung, which would have blocked the sale of all Galaxy Tab 10.1 and Galaxy Nexus devices in the United States. Apple stated that Samsung infringed on Apple patents. One year later, now that Samsung has a solid case that Apple violated Samsung patents, Apple bypasses the courts by going straight to the Little King himself to get help. For Apple, it is not what you know, it is who you know.
Al Gore is on the board of directors at Apple. Go figure.


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Tazo Teas, Sweet Cinnamon Spice, Caffeine-Free, Herbal Tea, 20 Filterbags, 1.5 oz (45 g)
Tazo Teas, Sweet Cinnamon Spice, Caffeine-Free, Herbal Tea, 20 Filterbags, 1.5 oz (45 g)
- You earn loyalty credit for every order you place at iHerb!
- Loyalty credit is equal to 5% of the value of your order, excluding shipping charges.
- Your loyalty credit will be applied towards your next order as soon as your current order has shipped.
- Your loyalty credits are valid for up to 60 days from the date of your last purchase.
Expiration Date:?Aug 2018Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items (such as flax oils or certain probiotics) generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage (freezer or refrigeration unit) for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
Shipping Weight:?0.15 kgSwitch to Imperial units
- Product Code: TAZ-20056
- UPC Code: 794522200566
- Package Quantity: 20 Filterbags, 1.5 oz (45 g)
13.2 x 8.6 x 6.9 cm , 0.09 kgSwitch to Imperial units
|Combo Discount:
- So You Can Sip Blissfully, We Source Naturally
- Kosher
- Non GMO Project Verified
An herbal infusion swirling with warm, sweet cinnamon & spicy star anise.
Steep and begin a journey that spans continents and centuries on speed-of-sound steam trains.
Sip the sun, rain and fog of the morning these delicate botanicals were picked.
Explore lemongrass lawns, carpets of chamomile and the living history of your ancestors.
Taste with all your senses, but most of all with your imagination.
Each cup is a story, unfolding with every sip.
Sweet Cinnamon Spice
Snappily dressed cinnamon sticks sport scarves of orange peel that wrap infinitely around their slender forms. Huddled by a crackling fire, they emanate a sweet incense as the sky fills with twinkles of spicy star anise.
Suggested Use
For Best Brewing
212ºF - Bring fresh, filtered water to a boil.
8 fl oz - Pour water over the filterbag in your cup.
5 min - Let it steep. Wait patiently for perfection.
Other Ingredients
Cinnamon, licorice root, orange peel, Indian sarsaparilla, chicory root, rooibos, natural flavors, star anise, almond extract.
Verified Purchase
I like everything with cinnamon. The typical Tazo licorice flavour is also present.
Bad taste
Posted by 4753588605312391547 on Jul 07, 2016 | Verified Purchase
I did not enjoy this tea.
Posted by 5007602912372114819 on Jun 10, 2016 | Verified Purchase
I like everything with cinnamon. The typical Tazo licorice flavour is also present.
Posted by AngieS on Oct 08, 2015 | Verified Purchase
Love the sweetness, love the strong flavours... will buy again
too strong cinnamon
Posted by 4830767391268982508 on Feb 16, 2015 | Verified Purchase
didn't like the flavour( i love cinnamon, but it feels like something's missing there, and the cinnamon flavour is waaay too strong for me.
Posted by 4937154179192969302 on Jan 04, 2015 | Verified Purchase
A mi no me ha gustado mucho porque no me sienta bien. Se supone que ha de ser digestivo y el anis estrellado facilita la digestión y la eliminación de gases. A mi me las produce más. no creo que vuelva a comprarlo porque además no es barato


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You are viewing a fine quality 14K white gold Retro era ring made in the 1960's. The ring measures 12 mm or 1/2" long up the finger by 19 mm or 3/4" across.The ring domes up with a ribbed design with a channel of fine quality round Diamonds on top weighing 0.42 points in total. The ring is marked: 14K. It is a size 6 1/4 and can be re-sized. The ring weighs 5.8 grams.
3 other shoppers have this item in their Cart or Wish List .
Quality, Service and Integrity for over 46 years!
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How to meet Art. 680 requirements for wiring fountains, pools, and spas per the National Electrical Code (NEC)
Discuss this Article 6
Can I run a service entrance cable from main service panel to a sub panel,then from there install a breaker for Spa to a disc. with a GFCI breaker in it with in site of spa 15ft away.I beleave the code says I need an Insulated ground from service to spa that is located outside. Question is can the Ground from Main service to Sub panel be uninsulated ground?
Make a hot tub permanent versus temporary (storable)? I've just placed a hot tub onto a concrete slab and the Building Inspector is labeling as permanent, which opens up the need for additional bonding such as equipotential grids. As stated in one example, one can drain and move the hot tub around (making it non-permanent in my opinion), but it order to be in code the equipotential grid would need to be relocated as well. I think the NEC codebook needs to clearly define that a stand alone hot tub really is a non-permanent structure and therefore does not require this equipotential grid as in-ground pools do.
@B.Tillett -
I believe you may have a case where (based on the date of your submission) the inspector is not aware of an existing TIA that would cover this issue. Jump forward to the 2014 NEC and you will find Section 680.42(B), which states that compliance to Section 680.26(B)(2) shall not be required where ALL of the following conditions are met. (1) The spa or hot tub shall be listed as a self-contained spa for above ground use, (2) The spa or hot tub shall not be identified as suitable only for indoor use, (3) The installation was done in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and shall be located on or above grade and (4) The top rim of the spa or hot tub shall be at least 28 in. above all perimeter surfaces that are within 30 in. measured horizontally from the spa or hot tub.
It sounds to be like you would have met those items and prior to being included in the 2014 NEC, the inspector should have been directed to the existing TIA under the 2011 NEC which similarly addressed this issue.
Being that your post was over a year ago...i hope you got it all worked out but figured I would respond so that others can learn from the same issue.
What parts of a hydromassage bathtub have to be bonded to the motor of the tub if it is not double insulated? Do the water values in a wall beside the tube and not part of the tub have to be bonded if they are feed by PVC water lines?
@BBell -
First, in order to help you follow along I would say crack open your 2014 NEC to Article 680, Part VII.
As 680.70 says, a Hydromassage bathtub (making sure it is honestly a bathtub that you drain after every use) is only subject to the requirements in Part VII of Article 680. So we will assume you have a real hydromassage bathtub in question.
Let's assume that you do not have a double insulated cord pump on this hydro. If any of the metal piping system or grounded metal parts are in contact with the circulating water then you would have a bonding lug on your pump and you would connect a solid copper bonding jumper (at least size 8 AWG) to the metal piping that contains the circulating water.
it should be noted that if your circulated water system is PVC and the dwellings plumbing is PVC it is not metallic or grounded.....so the above would not apply.
Now if you have a metal piping system and thus grounded metal parts but choose to use a double insulated circulating pump then you must still install the bonding jumper from the metal piping system and grounded parts but the bonding jumper has to be terminated to the equipment grounding conductor on the individual branch circuit that supplied the circulating pump....just in case a non-double insulated circulating pump is purchased later as a replacement.......
So again...if nothing in the circulating system, or to be honest if the water circulating system is PVC or PEX then also none of the metal parts would be grounded so you would do nothing.
Hope this helps clear it up for you.....
I'm installing a hot tub and have a question about the location of the GFCI. Is the GFCI also the maintenance disconnect?
The Code says the disconnect must be:
"readily accessible and within sight" and "at least 5 ft away" and "unless separated from the open water by a permanently installed barrier that provides a 5-ft reach path or greater".
Here is my question. My hot tub will be fenced in by a decorative aluminum fence, which will attach to the back of my house. I have the option of installing the GFCI inside or outside the fence. The difference is only 2 feet. Is it permissible to install the GFCI outside the fence and still be considered "readily accessible and within sight?" The GFCI will be clearly visible from inside the fence.


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