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October 17, 1995
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New Braunfels, Texas
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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - October 17, 1995, New Braunfels, Texas |Herald-Zeitu^ Sports Day ■ To talk with Sports Editor Thomas Godley about Sports Day, call 625-9144. ext. 24.Sports Day "I wish I had an answer to that because I'm getting tired off answering that question." — Yogi Berra in response to a question about the '84 Yankees dismal record. In the news Soccer benefit kicks oft Oct 21 A local "Over and Out ll" soccer tournament benefiting the New Braunfels High School varsity soccer teams gets under way at 12:30 p.m. Saturday, Oct. 21 at the HEB Soccer Reids on Live Oak Street. The round robin tournament is for men and women ages 21 and older. Teams will be drawn randomly, and each game will last 30 minutes. Cost is $25 per person. For more information, call Ronnie Baker at 606-0874. NB Junior League Basketball Association to meet Oct. 25 The group's annual kickoff meeting is set for Wednesday, Oct. 25 at Insco Distributing, 1223B Industrial Drive. NBJL-BA members will be discussing and planning the upcoming season and signing up volunteers to fill vacant board and coaching positions for the 1995-96 season. Anyone interested in more information should attend the meeting or contact LeAnne Wehe at 629-0141. CIMA golf tournament to help local scholarship programs The Comal Independent Men's Association will host a golf tournament Nov. 4 at Northcliffe Country Club. Proceeds will benefit local high school scholarship for seniors.- * The tournament will be a two-man select-shot format. Cash prizes of $250, $150, and $100 will be awarded to the top three teams. For more information, contact Johnnie Rodriguez at 625-4920 or 629-2646. Smithson Valley sports boosters to host Ranger Funffest Oct. 28 The Smithson Valley High School "Ranger Funfest" — a country carnival and family picnic — will be on Saturday, Oct. 28 at Anhalt Hall, located west of U.S. 281 on U.S. 46. The festival is sponsored by the SVHS Ranger Athletic Booster Club with proceeds going to the school's athletic program. The Funfest will feature hayrides, game booths, a raffle, door prizes and more Picnic-style food service begins at 5 p.m. A dance featuring the Dana Wehrmann country and western band begins at 7 p.m. Games will include an old-fashioned dunking booth, with administrator and coaches from Smithson Valley High School. Fajitas, hot dogs and other foods will be served throughout the night. Admission and parking will be free. Tickets are available at SVHS home sports events. For every $10 in tickets purchased in advance, Funfest goers will receive an additional $2 in free tickets. The public is invited. Anyone interested in helping with the Funfest should call 980-7569 or 885-4434. AP prep football rankings DALLAS (AP) — Fcx the first time this season, there are no new teams in The Associated Press high school football poll In the ranking released Noonday, all previous !y ranked schools remained among the top 10 in their classes except Hico, which was tied for 10th in Class 1A and fell to 11th following a tie with higher-ranked Crawford. Other than that tie, there were only three losses by ranked teams: 6A's Converse Judson 35-21 to San Antonio Roosevelt, 4A'$ Sulphur Springs 24-3 to Mount Pleasant, and 2A's Riesel 14-7 to Mart Because each had been highly ranked, their tall wasn't too bad.Judson went from fourth to ninth, Sulphur Springs landed at No. 10 from No. 4 and Riesel dropped from No. 3 to No. 10 In another first of the season, the top two teams in each class didn't move AN five No. 1s have been in place since the preseason (except for Stephenville falling out of a tie for the top spot In 4A), but their clos est pursuers have varied. The most dominant team in any class is Thorndale, which took all first-place votes in 1A for the third straight week. The defending champions are playing even better than in their 16-0 season in 1994. Mon, Smith to add to Dallas already dominant defense IRVING, Texas (AP) — The Dallas Cowboys have roared to a 6-1 start and one of the NFL's best defenses with speedy, but undersized, Clayton Holmes starting at cornerback and Godfrey Myles upgraded to a starting linebacker. But when the Cowboys play Atlanta on Oct 29, those two will be back on the bench with Deion Sanders and Darrin Smith in the lineup Dallas obviously improves at both positions since Sanders and Smith are among the league's best in those roles. Plus, the Cowboys will have much more depth, Now, when coach Barry Switzer needs either Holmes or Myles, he knows he's getting a starting-caliber player No. 25 Toeh ready for Rico LUBBOCK, Texas (AP) — The last six Southwest Conference football teams to visit Jones Stadium left with losses. No. 25 Texas Tech wants to make Rice the record seventh on Saturday. The Red Raiders (3-2 overall, 1-1 SWC) go up against the Owls (1-4-1, 0-2) at 2 p.m. "We're not going in thinking that it's going to be an easy game," said Tech tailback Byron Hanspard. Red Raider coach Spike Dykes said his team isn't out to avenge its turnover-ridden bow to Rice last year. NBHS grad sets sights on Junior College Nationals By JOHN WELCH Special to the Herald-Zeitung Efrain Velazquez is moving a step closer each week to his ultimate goal — to compete in the Junior College National Cross Country Championships. Valazquez, 20, a New Braunfels High School graduate, is the top-ranked runner on the cross country team at Palo Alto Junior College in San Antonio. Since the first race of the season at the University of Texas at San Antonio, Velazquez has shown a competitive drive that few athletes with his experience can boast. The slender sophomore competed strongly and set the groundwork that would lead to no less than three individual victories in fall competition. Velazquez toed the line against runners from two other schools — Incarnate Word College and Trinity University — at the Palo Alto Triangular Meet on Sept. 23. After some initial jostling just beyond the starting line, Velazquez forged a lead that in the end stood 60 seconds ahead of the rest. With no one pushing him, he covered the mecadam route in 17 minutes, 13 seconds. Valazquez never ran cross country while a student at New Braunfels. In fact, he only ran track during his senior year, and then only competed in a mere four races. It was necessary for the Velazquez to help out in his father's business, the Donut Shop, and work after school and on weekends at two other jobs. The coaches at New Braunfels spotted his ability in his physical education classes and convinced him to give running a try. He took the advice, and the rest is history. Velazquez followed his first overall victory for the Palo Alto Palominos with two more wins, the first at the Oct. 7 Southwestern Invitational 8K rn 26:81, and more recently at the Schreiner College Invitational 8K on Oct. 14. in the latter, Velazquez covered the hilly macadam route in 27:24. and also helped Palo Alto to the runner-up spot behind Incarnate Word 30-37. Efrain really has established himslef as a number one runner," Palo Alto coach Jeff Middlebrook said. H's demonstrated a lot of confidence by confidence by working out with other college quality runners. And he's down some really fast times with little speed work. Now that we're doing more speed work his times are dropping even further." Based on what his time are for the nationally recognized junior college distance of eight kilometers it appears that Velazquez will have more than a good chance to gamer some top individual honors at the National Junior College Championships at Aired, New York on Nov. ll. "My goal is to run 23:30 at nationals," said Velazquez, the oldest of Reyes and Maria Velazquez' 11 children. "I want to win but I'll be happy to be in the top three. I know I can do it because I'm getting faster and faster as I do more meets." Middlebrook is confident Velazquez can finish in the top five at the Junior College Nationals. "We wouldn't be surprised if he finished in the top one or two," Middlebrook added. Velazquez credits his coaches and runners Chris Walker, Mike Steele and Jason Hubba*! for putting him within reach of his goals. 'They've helped me a lot in training to get to 25 .30," he said. Submitted photo Efrain Valazquez, the No. 1 runner on the Palo Alto cross country foam, is aiming for th# Junior Cohogs National Championships. UIL allows girls in baseball AUSTIN (AP) — The University Interscholastic League's Legislative Council has voted to allow girls to play baseball and approved the formation of a committee lo study whether to create a Class 6A super conference. Under current rules, girls are allowed to participate on boys' teams if a corresponding spoil is not offered for girls. The Legislative Council, which wrapped up two days of meetings in Austin Monday, determined that baseball and softball have unique differences and should be viewed as separate sports, not corresponding ones. lf the rule change is ratified by the State Board of Education, girls would be allowed to try out for baseball team beginning in the 1996-97 school year, even if their schools offer softball. "Girls should be given the opportunity to participate in the full range of UIL programs," said Charles Bre-ithaupt, UIL athletic director. "This change is positive in that it allows girls to try out for and, if selected, participate in every UIL activity." Participation on both the baseball and softball teams would be prohibited. UIL officials said they don't expect many girls to take advantage of the nile change if it's approved. But the UIL has steadily knocked down gender barriers in league activities, including football, because of successful legal challenges by girts wishing to play on traditionally allmale teams. In another move, the Legislative Council easily approved the Class 6A study committee, despite the UIL's rejection of past proposals to add a super conference for the state's largest high schools. Mackovic defends his call AUSTIN (AP) — Texas coach John Mackovic came away'; from a 24-24 tie against Oklahoma with more questions than those . about a failed fourth-down call late in the game. t His quarterback, James Brown, emerged with injuries to his left . I knee ara! his back to go with a nagging strain in his throwing I shoulder. Brown's availability for the Ibth-ranked Longhorns' game Saturday against No. 14 Virginia is up in the air. "We just have to wan and see. but I have to put him in the questionable category," Mackovic said Monday, "lf he feels all right (T uesday) and can naive around, we'll see how he practices." Mackovic said safety Tre Thomas (shoulder) was doubtful tor Saturday's game and that Thomas' backup, Robert Crenshaw, was questionable with an ankle injury. Despite the injuries, Mackovic said (here were encouraging developments in the Oklahoma game, which the Longhorns led 21 -0 in the first quarter. Mackovic praised his defense for shutouts in the first and fourth quarters and added that numerous blitzes and one-on-one tackles were the best he'd seen from his team all season. The fourth-year coach continued lo defend a decision to run an option play on fourth and I at the Oklahoma 11 with 9:17 left, rather than go fix a 28-yard field goal that would have given the Longhorns a 27-24 lead. Herald -Zeituna photo by MICHAEL DARNALL Sophomore setter Christy Bellmen end the Smitheon Valley Rangers take on Hays tonight at Ranger gym. The Rangers are back in the thick of the district title chase at one game behind New Braunfels. Rangers dive head-on into j district frenzy I By THOMAS GODLEY ; Sports Editor ......... -...... ■ ■ j Smithson Valley faced a crossroads following a tough loss to*_ New Braunfels two weeks ago. In that game, the Rangers botched i serves, missed hits and failed to attack the net. They were not the same \ team that had beaten Providence and moved into the area rankings. A change was needed, and coach Margaret Mitcham knew it. "We made a few switches to the lineup, and the girls got together and held a team meeting to talk about what they had to do in the second half of districL" Mitcham said. "I'm not sure what was said in that meeting but they've really pulled together. They knew they just about had to win the rest of their district games to get into the playoffs." The Rangers took a major step in that direction by upsetting Canyon 15-9,15-10 on Friday — a victory that threw the district race into final sprint between New Braunfels (6-1), Canyon (5-2) and J Smithson Valley (5-2). f J Against Canyon, the Rangers solved their serving woes and came_ J up strong at the net with Kara Warchol, Sasha Homer Jenny Huckle7 J combining for 15 kills. In the first game, Michelle Moore served IO J straight point, including three aces. J "We never doubted we could beat Canyon if we played up to our J potential," said Mitcham."Now it's a matter of winning our ; remaining games to get into the playoffs." J Another big test awaits the Rangers tonight at home against Hays. J Canyon faces Lockhart at Cougar Den. After racing to 19-1 record J — one of the best starts in school history — and taking a No. I J ranking in the area, the Cougarcttes have lost two of their last five J games. Though the team is still very much in the district playoff j hunt, coach Donna Boehle's troops now find themselves in a do-or- J die scenario heading into the final three games. The Cougarcttes have slipped to No. 4 in the rankings, but despite ! the setback, Boehle is confident the Cougarcttes will rebound down J the stretch and return to form in time to secure a playoff spot. "Even though we came in with experience and talent, there was no \ doubt in my mind that district was going to be tough," Boehle said. "We've stumped our toe, so to speak, but everyone stumbles now and J then. It's not a disaster. We're back and practicing very positively." j With three weeks remaining in the season, tlje New Braunfels i Unicorns are in control of their destiny. Three wins guarantees them ; a district championship regardless of what. The road (o the 28 4A title, j however, will be hard-fought.After hosting Bastrop tonighL the Unicorns-gear for two huge road games at Smithson Valley and Canyon. i j ;
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Battling Betty
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"Battling" Betty Madison is a professional lady wrestler at the Olympic Sports Auditorium. During a championship bout title, she replaced "Amazon" April Armitage at the last minute, and teamed with Esther Chambers, a.k.a., "The Mysterious Spider Lady". They lost the match to "Savage Sommers".

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Network enrichment analysis: extension of gene-set enrichment analysis to gene networks
Sequence analysis (applications)
Gene-set enrichment analyses (GEA or GSEA) are commonly used for biological characterization of an experimental gene-set. This is done by finding known functional categories, such as pathways or Gene Ontology terms, that are over-represented in the experimental set; the assessment is based on an overlap statistic. Rich biological information in terms of gene interaction network is now widely available, but this topological information is not used by GEA, so there is a need for methods that exploit this type of information in high-throughput data analysis.
We developed a method of network enrichment analysis (NEA) that extends the overlap statistic in GEA to network links between genes in the experimental set and those in the functional categories. For the crucial step in statistical inference, we developed a fast network randomization algorithm in order to obtain the distribution of any network statistic under the null hypothesis of no association between an experimental gene-set and a functional category. We illustrate the NEA method using gene and protein expression data from a lung cancer study.
The results indicate that the NEA method is more powerful than the traditional GEA, primarily because the relationships between gene sets were more strongly captured by network connectivity rather than by simple overlaps.
Gene-set enrichment analyses (GEA or GSEA)
In parallel with the development of GEA and expression measurement technology, biological knowledge about gene and protein interaction is also growing rapidly. Gene networks readily connect well- and poorly annotated proteins, and combine various biological mechanisms. A few examples of current applications include: inference concerning the functions of previously unannotated genes
There are currently a number of network-based methods that characterize gene sets rather than individual genes. Similarly to GEA, some methods can be considered network enrichment analysis (NEA). Such approaches have revealed network patterns that are enriched compared to those expected by chance. For example, using an information-theoretic method, Huttenhower
The existing network-based methods have not fully integrated the topological information in the gene network and the functional information about biological processes. JActiveModules
In this paper we present a method of network enrichment analysis that systematically implements the network approach to describe novel gene sets with biologically meaningful functional categories. The method integrates two kinds of biological information: functional information (currently available for a minority of genes) and network connectivity of nearly all protein-coding genes. In contrast to traditional GEA, our NEA method quantifies the over/under-representation of the functional group members among the neighbors in the gene network rather than in the AGS itself. For statistical inference, we developed a fast network randomization algorithm in order to obtain the distribution of any network statistic under the null hypothesis of no association between an AGS and FGS. We demonstrate applications of NEA on high-throughput gene and protein expression datasets from a lung cancer study, and compare its performance and power with those of GEA. We provide an R package called 'nea', freely available at
Additional file 1
Has three sections. Section A has two figures: In Figure S1, we compared z-scores from GEA to those from MNEA and FNEA. In Figure S2, we compared the NEA scores of individual AGSs versus 264 FGSs for the two omics data. Section B contains the list of pathways used in our lung cancer study. Their meanings and references are also given. For pedagogic purposes, in Section C, we provide a fully worked-out example of analysis of lung cancer data from Bild
Click here for file
Data from a lung cancer study
For illustration we used expression data from a cohort of 123 lung cancer patients who underwent complete surgical resection at the Institut Mutualiste Montsouris (Paris, France) between 30 January 2002 and 26 June 2006. The recruitment of participants was carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration, and this study was approved by the ethics committee of the Institut Gustave Roussy (Paris). All involved patients gave a written informed consent. From each patient, snap-frozen tumor and corresponding normal tissues were collected. We assayed the samples for gene expression, performed using dual-color human array from Agilent containing 41,000 gene probes; a dye-swap was employed for each sample and the log-ratio value was combined by averaging. Scanned microarray images were analyzed by using Agilent Feature Extraction software version 10.5.1.1. A loess normalization was then performed using the normalizeWithinArrays function from R package limma
For a subset of 16 tumor samples we also obtained protein expression profiles. From each sample 160
Altered gene sets
AGSs are usually defined as genes that are differentially expressed (DE) between clinical groups. In our current application we defined the AGS as the DE genes in the within-person comparison of tumor vs normal tissues, so each sample (patient) had an associated AGS. The top-ranking genes are not interpreted statistically significant DE genes, but as potentially deregulated genes. To investigate the functional heterogeneity of individual tumors, we ranked the differences between individuals. To this end, we transformed the mRNA expression data to difference values that conveyed how uncommon is the differential expression of gene
where log(
The AGS from the protein expression data was defined similarly: for each sample we kept proteins whose expression exceeded the corresponding average across 16 samples. The number of proteins in the AGSs has a median of 424 (range 257 to 654).
NEA statistics and randomization
The immediate statistical question is whether an observed
In some simple cases, analytical calculations of the null distribution are possible, for example using the hyper-geometric distribution
A general approach in generating the null distribution of the network statistic is based on a network randomization that preserved the degree distribution. This approach was applied, for example, by
Step 0: Randomly select a pair of edges (A-B and C-D).
Step 1: 'Rewire' the two edges in such a way that A becomes connected to D, while B connects to C. In case one or both of these new links already exist in the network, this step is aborted and a new pair of edges is selected.
Repeated applications of the above steps lead to a randomized version of the original networks. However, for a large network it is not clear at what point a sufficient level of rewiring has been achieved, and the algorithm is also inefficient as it rejects too many rewired links that are generated earlier.
The key to a fast and transparent algorithm is to first represent the network in terms of a binary adjacency table, with each node represented by a row and a column, and the cell entry '1' represents connected nodes, and '0' otherwise. The table is symmetric, and its margin is equal to the degree distribution of the nodes. Thus our goal is to generate a randomized table with fixed margins, similar to the hypergeometric sampling model associated with the Fisher's exact test, but with the additional constraints of symmetry and binary entries. Adapting the hypergeometric sampling model to these constraints, the network randomization is achieved by the following sequential algorithm:
Step 0: Start with a list of nodes 1,…,
Step 1: Assign the
Step 2: Remove node 1, and reduce by 1 the degree of each node connected to node 1.
Step 3: Construct a new list of remaining nodes with positive degrees, then reorder and renumber them 1,…,
At first appearance the use of the weights (
1.Construct a random network: for
2.Test the network: compute the resulting degree distribution and accept the network if it has the required degree distribution, otherwise reject it.
Since a great majority of generated networks will not satisfy the given degree distribution, and will thus be rejected, this algorithm is highly inefficient. However, clearly the accepted/generated networks are uniformly distributed over all networks with the given degree distribution. Now, at Step 1 the probability that the second largest node has a link with the largest node is
Likewise, the probability that the node with degree
Denote by
Figure 1
The distribution of the p-values of the statistics computed from the randomized network
The distribution of the p-values of the statistics computed from the randomized network. If the randomization works well, then the distribution should be uniform.
For easy comparison with other methods we computed the maximum NEA (MNEA) score as
To assess a large number of AGS-FGS pairs, we transform the p-values into false discovery rates (FDR)
Comparative procedures: GEA and GSEA
For comparisons with NEA, the GEA score was computed from an AGS of size
where (
Similar to MNEA, the gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) avoids the dependence on
Gene network
We compiled a comprehensive network by merging 4 networks: (1) the data integration network of functional coupling
The final network contained 1,445,027 functional links between 16,299 distinct HUPO genes (some links were lost as we translated the ENSEMBL IDs to HUPO gene symbols). Note that no evidence from the lung cancer datasets was involved in the network construction. The network is available from
Functional gene sets
To characterize AGSs by involvement of known biological processes, we compiled a list of genes which are of importance in cancer:
All 235 pathways in the KEGG database (as of 21 Apr. 2010);
16 GO terms that could be related to hallmarks of cancer
7 cancer-related pathways and otherwise defined FGS from publications reporting on large-scale cancer genome projects;
EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (a pathway behind metastatic development, manual curation by S. Souchelnytskyi);
Acidic switch (a pathway behind tumor-specific pH-shift, i.e. tumor's ability to grow in hypoxic environment, manual curation by A. de Milito).
In total the list included 5,698 distinct HUPO gene symbols assigned to 264 FGSs (overlaps are allowed). The list of pathways with their meanings and references are given in Section B of the Additional file
Result and discussion
Simple illustration
The principle of the network enrichment analysis is shown in Figure
Figure 2
A schematic diagram of counting network links and a real example of network links
A schematic diagram of counting network links and a real example of network links.(A) A simple example of how links are counted between genes in AGS and FGS. The 'x' symbol indicates a fixed number
To assess the level of connectivity, we generated a series of randomized networks that preserved the degree distribution of all genes. The estimated number of links expected by chance was 51.6 and the FNEA
Performance on known gene-sets
To demonstrate the biological validity of NEA, we analyzed gene sets altered in our lung cancer dataset versus known gene groups relevant to this disease. For each sample, we set the AGS to be the top 100 genes DE between tumor and normal tissues, so we had a total of 123 AGSs. Ding
Additionally, we downloaded a list of genes somatically mutated in lung cancers from the COSMIC database
The results are summarized in Table
As for the COSMIC gene sets, even the set of multiple mutations had lower numbers of significant AGSs than the above results. Also, using FNEA, we could separate those genes that mutated once from those with more than 1 mutation, again potentially distinguishing the sets of passenger and driver mutations.
In general GEA detected only a few individuals with activated cancer pathways; see Table
Among the most activated pathways according to GEA, we saw benzoate degradation via hydroxylation, high-mannose type N-glycan biosynthesis, biotin metabolism, lysine biosynthesis and lipoic acid metabolism. However, according to the NEA scores, few individuals were activated in these pathways. Thus, many pathways not known to be activated in cancer were found to be significant in all individuals by GEA, but not by NEA. On the other hand, putative cancer-related pathways, such as response to hypoxia, pathways in cancer, angiogenesis and the MAPK signaling pathway, were activated in most individuals according to NEA, but not according to GEA.
The results indicated that NEA can detect transcriptomic activity of cancer drivers via functional relations in the network, whereas the mutated genes themselves are not known directly. The fact that both frequently mutated genes (26 genes) and rarely mutated genes (most of the other FGSs) scored high suggests that the NEA is potentially more powerful than the mutation frequency analysis
We further compared the procedures in terms of the false discovery rates (FDR): a better procedure should produce smaller FDR. Thus we analysed 123 individual AGSs with the 264 FGSs as described previously. Figure
Figure 3
Average of estimated FDRs versus the number of AGS-FGS pairs that are declared significant
Average of estimated FDRs versus the number of AGS-FGS pairs that are declared significant.(a) FNEA (solid) versus GEA (dashed) (b) MNEA (solid) and GSEA (dashed). The average values were calculated over 123 individuals.
We also compared z-score distributions from GEA to those from MNEA and FNEA (Additional file
Factor analysis
Once constructed, the NEA scores from each individual can be used for further analyses. For illustration we employed factor analysis
First the mean and variance of FGS scores are given in Figure S2 of the Additional file
Cancer-related pathways
We used 16 FGSs that are the known hallmarks of cancer
Signaling pathways
To reveal how cancer-related pathways interact with the normal signaling machinery, we studied factor structure of the combined cancer-related pathways and 55 signaling pathways from KEGG. The first factor (21.4% of total variance) combined apoptosis with Jak-STAT pathway and other immunity-related signaling (B-cell, T-cell, toll-like receptor, and other pathways). Factor 2 explained 16.2% of the total variance. Unlike the first analysis, ErbB was placed with pathways MAPK, WNT, VEGF, insulin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and calcium signaling. The third factor (10.0%) confirmed joint activity of PDGF, IGF, and TGF-beta signaling, angiogenesis, and EMT pathways. In addition, these were associated with tissue growth pathways: adherens junction (KEGG04520), focal adhesion (KEGG04510), regulation of actin cytoskeleton (KEGG04810), and tight junction (KEGG04530).
Thus, by combining the cancer-related processes with KEGG signaling pathways, we found that the former do contribute significantly to the factor structure of the signaling pathways. We could see how the core cancer processes cross-talk with their signaling counterparts in the tumor transcriptome level.
Metabolic pathways
We previously observed that the signaling and metabolic domains of the global gene interaction network are poorly connected with each other (unpublished data). In order to overview tumor functionality at the metabolic level, we did factor analysis for 119 metabolic KEGG pathways. Factor 1 (19.2% of total variance) was dominated by metabolism of retinol, steroid hormones, ascorbate/aldarate, fatty acids and several amino acids. Factor 2 (10.6%) incorporated various pathways of sugar metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, while factor 3 (7.4%) combined metabolism of purine, pyrimidine, phosphonate/phosphinate, seleno-aminoacids, cysteine and methionine.
Comparing the gene and protein expression data
Distinct AGSs from the transcriptomics and proteomics data allowed a systematic analysis of both similarities and differences between individual patients at molecular level. For this we compared the NEA scores of individual AGSs versus 264 FGSs for the two omics data; the plots are given in the Additional file
We have developed a network enrichment analysis that can be considered a natural extension of the gene enrichment analysis in the network context. NEA exploits the rich and growing information on the biological interaction between genes at different levels, including DNA, RNA and protein, and from different species. The statistical power of this approach is higher than GEA, because the number of potential connections between gene groups is expanded from listed genes to all their network neighbors. The analysis is robust if the gene network is sufficiently dense, so that only connections via several network links between gene groups are considered. We provided such a global gene network of functional coupling by integration of high-throughput and literature data of
Our NEA method by definition is not limited to any sub-networks or modules defined by the network structure. In comparison, NEA methods that analyze pre-defined network modules then perform GEA within each module separately, and ignore all non-module genes. Algorithmic solutions for identifying network modules are often controversial, and might produce multiple solutions, where each alternative is hard to validate. Furthermore, in our experience with JActiveModules many identified modules are either very small (fewer than 5 genes) or extremely large, likely representing the largest component of the network, thus creating an additional level of uncertainty in the analysis pipeline. This direction of research can be extended beyond existing gene networks, e.g. attempting to identify latent gene structures
Genes, the members of FGS used in our analyses, often overlap. This problem is common to all enrichment-based methods that employ ready, third-party defined FGS. Solutions can include either resolving ambiguity by rigorous weighted scoring
Obtaining the distribution of the network statistics under the null hypothesis, which is needed for inference, is challenging, and we believe that this has hindered network-based analyses so far. In this paper, we propose a sequential network randomization algorithm, using the hypergeometric sampling model to obtain a fast procedure for large biological networks. Chen
We have focused on the number of direct links with equal weights as the key statistic, but some extensions of this are worth pursuing. For example, one might consider other network statistics, such as the number of indirect links, or more generally, allow different weights for the links. In addition to analyzing an AGS in relation to known gene sets, the NEA has a unique feature: it can quantify the enrichment of single genes in the AGS. As such an analysis does not require any prior gene grouping, it can be applied to all genes found in the network. In this case the characterization of the AGS is based on any available knowledge on the enriched individual genes, such as gene description, presence of a certain protein domain, etc.
Finally, in generating the randomized networks we have constrained them only to have the have a specified degree distribution. Let network assortativity be defined as the correlation between the degrees of the two nodes connected by a link. In our randomized networks a large node is more likely to be connected another large node rather than to a small one. In other words the randomized networks tend to be assortative. The network that we use has an assortativity of
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors contributions
AA and WJL contributed equally; VL, JL and YP conceived of this project as principal investigators. VL, JG and PD carried out the microarray experiments; JL and MP carried out the protein experiments. AA, WJL and YP performed the statistical analysis. AA, WJL, MP, JL and YP wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This work is supported by a research grant from the European Union under the Chemores project, the Swedish Science Council, INHA UNIVERSITY Research Grant (INHA-44770-01) and the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No. PJ009019), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. The estimates of assortativity given in the Dicussion were based on a collaborative work with Ted McCormack.
Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles
Extensions to gene set enrichment
Comparative study of gene set enrichment methods
Prediction of protein function using protein-protein interaction data
How and when should interactome-derived clusters be used to predict functional modules and protein function?
Network-based identification of novel cancer genes
Genome-wide pathway analysis implicates intracellular transmembrane protein transport in Alzheimer disease
Exploring the human genome with functional maps
Network enrichment analysis in complex experiments
Discovering regulatory and signalling circuits in molecular interaction networks
Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks
Network-based analysis of affected biological processes in type 2 diabetes models
Early pregnancy peripheral blood gene expression and risk of preterm delivery: a nested case control study
Exon-level microarray analyses identify alternative splicing programs in breast cancer
Oncogenic pathway signatures in human cancers as a guide to targeted theraphies
Linear models and empirical bayes methods for assessing differential expression in microarray experiments
Dynamic zebrafish interactome reveals transcriptional mechanisms of dioxin toxicity
A global pathway crosstalk network
Random graphs with arbitrary degree distributions and their applications
Specificity and stability in topology of protein networks
Global networks of functional coupling in eukaryotes from comprehensive data integration
Automated network analysis identifies core pathways in glioblastoma
Sequential monte carlo methods for statistical analysis of tables
False discovery rate, sensitivity and sample size for microarray studies
Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation
Somantic mutations affect key pathways in lung adenocarcinoma
COSMIC (the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer): a resource to investigate acquired mutations in human cancer
GOing Bayesian: model-based gene set analysis of genome-scale data
Improved scoring of functional groups from gene expression data by decorrelating GO graph structure
The STRING database in 2011: functional interaction networks of proteins, globally integrated and scored
Assortative mixing in networks


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Physics: Class IX - Motion, Force and Laws of Motion, Work and Energy, Gravitation (Including Floatation), Class X - Electric Current and its Effects, Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Chemistry:Class IX - Structure of the Atom, Atoms and Molecules, Class X - Acids, Bases and Salts, Metals and Non-Metals, Chemical Reactions and Equations
Biology: Class X - Life Processes - Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion, Control and Coordination in Animals and Plants
Mathematics: Class IX & X - Real Numbers, Polynomials, Triangles, Class IX - Mensuration, Circles, Quadrilaterals, Class X - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables, Trigonometric Ratios and Identities
Mental Ability: Verbal & Non-Verbal Reasoning - Series, Analogy, Classification, Coding-Decoding, General Logical & Analytical Reasoning, Problems based on Figures, Data Interpretation
Total No. of Questions: 90
Duration: 2 Hours
Total Marks: 360
No Negative Marking
Mental Ability : 20
Mathematics: 25
Science: Physics (15), Chemistry (15) & Biology (15)
Total: 90 MCQs
Physics: Motion and Time, Electric Current and its Effects, Heat
Chemistry: Physical and Chemical Changes, Acids, Bases and Salts
Biology: Nutrition in Plants, Nutrition in Animals, Weather-Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate, Respiration in Organisms
Mathematics: Integers, Simple Equations, Data Handling, Fractions & Decimals, Percentage, Lines & Angles, Triangles & its Properties
Mental Ability: Series, Direction Test, Mathematical Operations, Missing Character, Puzzles, Mirror & Water Image
Physics: Force and Pressure, Friction, Sound, Chemical Effects of Electric Current
Chemistry: Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Materials: Metals and Non-Metals
Biology: Food Production and Management, Micro Organisms: Friend and Foe, Conservation of Plants and Animals, Cell - Structure and Functions
Mathematics: Squares & Square Roots, Exponents, Quadrilaterals, Percentage, Linear Equations in One Variable, Cubes & Cube Roots, Data Handling
Mental Ability: Verbal & Non Verbal Reasoning: Number and Alphabet Test, Series, Classification, Analogy, Direction Test, Coding & Decoding, Problems based on Figures
Physics: Motion, Force and Laws of Motion, Gravitation (Excluding Floatation)
Chemistry: Matter in Our Surroundings, Is Matter Around us Pure?
Biology: Cell: The Fundamental Unit of Life, Tissues
Mathematics: Number Systems, Factorization, Lines & Angles, Congruency of Triangles, Heron's Formula
Mental Ability: General Logical Reasoning, Analytical Reasoning, Figure Matrix, Problems Related to Figures
Total No. of Questions: 80
Duration: 2 Hours
Total Marks: 320
No Negative Marking
Mental Ability : 20
Mathematics: 24
Science: Physics (12), Chemistry (12) & Biology (12)
Total:80 MCQs
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Other than the fact this race is normally 4 laps doe's anyone know if it is exactly 10k? some previos runners feel it is a bit short??
. . . yes, its 10k so long as runners don't cut the corner by the grass stretch at 1.5k (and 4k, 6.5k, 9k) point! I've seen them do it and ignore marshalls trying to help. They usually have cones/markers down too so no excuse for cutting a corner.


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1. Re: Cannot access APEX on Oracle 11g XE Beta on Windows 7clcarter Jul 18, 2011 3:54 PM (in response to mhathi)Check your listener status output (in a command/dos box) , it should have the http endpoint port number and host bits for the apex URL. It should not be port 80 which is what you get when the port is not specified.
Given that output, apex URL would be http://<your hostname>:8080/apex
$ lsnrctl status ... ... Listeneing Endpoints... ... PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=<your hostname>)(PORT=8080))(Presentation=HTTP) ...
2. Re: Cannot access APEX on Oracle 11g XE Beta on Windows 7mhathi Jul 19, 2011 3:00 PM (in response to clcarter)Should have done some RTFM. Actually I had missed post-install step as per the Database Install Guide Page 4-5. But even that does not take us across the finish line. I had to run the script provided in this thread (Always asking password for XDB user for Apex to be fully functional.


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My Copy Of 'Lost Horizon' Is Starting To Show Signs Of Wear And Tear
Right in the middle of walking to meet a friend for coffee a book title popped into my head. James Hilton's Lost Horizon.
I first read Lost Horizon back in grade school. Don't make me tell you how long ago that was. In those days, we were given a required reading list at the very beginning of the school year. And each time we finished a book we had to hand in a review. All the books were available at the school library.
The required reading list was the best part of school for me. It was supposed to take you the entire school year to complete, but I'd usually motored through it well before Christmas break and always went and asked the teacher for more. She didn't always have "appropriate books" for my age and I'd get really frustrated.
That's when I'd rummage through my parents' bookcase and also my aunt's, who was a voracious reader like I was. It was thanks to her I read Lady Chatterly's Lover when I was about 11 years old, not that she knew I'd found it, not that she would necessarily have stopped me if she had. She and I used to have wonderful conversations about the books we'd read. Little did we know that groups of readers would, one day, regularly get together to do exactly what we were doing.
Back to Lost Horizon
I don't know what it was about this book that so resonated with me. I fell instantly in love with it, and couldn't put it down until I'd finished it. I know I drove my mother insane because I'd pick it up the minute I got home from school, I'd bring it to meals with me and I stayed up far too late at night reading.
I thought because my door was closed I was getting away with it. Not. She could see the light through the crack at the bottom of the door and would knock every 15 minutes, insisting I go to sleep.
Over the years I figure I've re-read that book maybe 20, 30 times. Which in itself is more than a little strange, although having said that, I re-read books all the time; and re-watch movies too. But this one I know so well I could probably recite it from memory.
Then again, who wouldn't want to find inner peace, love and the secret to eternal life?
Among other things, this is a story about finding inner peace, love, a sense of purpose and, the secret to living for hundreds of years. Where? In a magical, mystical paradise high in the mountains of Tibet. Shangri-La, a fictional location but, according to Wikipedia, one that was "inspired in part by the Tibetan borderlands."
I'm a dreamer, always have been. I love everything about Shangri-La and I think in some ways I've been searching for it my whole life. Before you tell me that "Shangri-La is not a place, it's a state of mind, of being and it lives in all of us" scroll up and look at the photo. That's a real monastery. Tell me you wouldn't want to be there, right now. Maybe it's time for me to plan a trip.
What a respite it would be from this angry, turbulent, ugly, unhappy, tortured, stressed-out world we seem to find ourselves in right now. Maybe that's why the book popped into my head the other day. I'm unconsciously looking for an escape from it all.
So I've decided to give myself permission to take a couple of days off from writing my own book to re-read Lost Horizon for the umpteenth time.
Did you know, by the way, that there are two film versions, one made by Frank Capra in 1937 and another by Charles Jarrot, in 1973? I've haven't seen either, and don't particularly want to. I'd much rather be transported to Shangri-La through the pictures James Hilton created with words, and my own imagination.
Are there any books you've loved so much you read them over and over again?
If you enjoyed this story click on "become a fan" at the top of the article, right next to my name. You'll be notified every time I post.
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Matilda, by Roald Dahl Matilda is a star pupil at school who is popular with her classmates but life looks a lot different when she's at home or dealing with the school principal. Fortunately, Matilda is a resourceful, smart girl, and has a few tricks up her sleeves to deal with life's annoyances.
The Handmade's Tale, by Margaret Atwood In a dystopian future, Offred, a handmaid in the Republic of Gilead, is desperate to escape her prison — a home where she and other handmaids only exist to give birth. As she remembers her life before imprisonment — a life with her husband and daughter — she thinks about whether she can make one of the most important decisions that could have fatal consequences.
Watchmen, by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons A group of super heroes have fallen from grace. Meanwhile, a silent assassin is stalking the group, picking them off one-by-one as the U.S. and Russia prepare to start a nuclear war. Alan Moore's incredible graphic novel inspired thousands of fans and a movie.
The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan Four Chinese women meet up regularly in San Francisco to eat dim sum, play mahjong and talk — they call themselves The Joy Luck Club. Forty years later, their stories continue, and the connection between mother and daughter is shown in all its complexities.
Love in the Time of Cholera, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez Florentino Ariza and Fermina Daza fall in love, but then Fermina marries a wealthy doctor. Heartbroken, Florentino engages in many affairs, but always pines for her first, true love. Then, the doctor dies, and Florentino attends the funeral. More than 50 years later, he attempts to win back Fermina.
It, by Stephen King The children felt IT; the adults didn't have a clue. Even after they moved away and grew up, the children couldn't escape IT and the terror IT wreaked on the town of Derry, Maine.
The Alchemist, by Paulo Coelho A shepherd boy named Santiago travels from his home in Spain to the Egyptian desert in search of treasure buried in the Pyramids. During his journey, Santiago encounters a Gypsy woman, a man who calls himself king and an alchemist — each of whom point him in the direction of his quest. Along the way, he discovers that he maybe shouldn't try to find the physical treasure after all, but the treasure within.
The Polar Express, by Chris Van Allsburg This classic holiday book was awarded the Caldecott Medal in 1986 and continues to delight fans both young and old.
Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark, retold by Alvin Schwartz, illustrated by Stephen Gammell One of the scariest books of our childhood, Scary Stories is now a classic — albeit one that will keep you up all night with the light on.
Maus Book 1: A Survivor's Tale: My Father Bleeds History, by Art Spiegelman A cartoonist attempts to tell his father's story of what life was like as a Jewish prisoner during the Holocaust, and afterwards, as a survivor. The author ends up telling his story too, a difficult task when the father and son don't have a great relationship and the son is dealing with survivor's guilt.
A Light in the Attic, by Shel Silverstein This classic book combines whimsical poetry and illustrations that both children and adults can enjoy.
The Vampire Lestat, by Anne Rice The second volume in Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles, Lestat follows a former aristocrat who grew up in pre-revolutionary France. Now, he's a rock star in the 1980s and is searching for others just like him.
Ender's Game, by Orson Scott Card Andrew "Ender" Wiggin is a legend at Battle School, where young children are taught to play war games. But what he doesn't realize is that the games are real — an attempt to save Earth from "the buggers" — and only Ender can save them.
Number the Stars, by Lois Lowry It's 1943, in occupied Copenhagen. Annemarie Johansen and her best friend Ellen Rosen, both 10-years-old, reminisce about life before the war, as they watch Nazi soldiers march through the streets. Ellen moves in with the Johansens after the Jews of Denmark are "relocated" and Annemarie is asked to go on a dangerous mission to save her friend's life.
Lilith's Brood, by Octavia E. Butler Lilith Iyapo is resurrected by powerful beings — the Oankali — centuries after war destroys Earth. The Oankali attempt to rescue Earth by merging genetically with humans, but now, Lilith and all of humanity must share the world with aliens: their children.
Love You Forever, by Robert Munsch A beautiful story about a parent's love for their child, Love You Forever captures a universal sentiment about the bond between parents and their offspring.
The Color Purple, by Alice Walker The Pulitzer Prize winning novel follows the lives of women of colour in the southern U.S. in the 1930s. The story focuses on Cellie, a woman who grows up dealing with the rape and abuse by her father. Cellie only wants to protect her sister, Nettie, who ends up escaping to Africa. After being sold as a child bride to an older man, Cellie faces a long life of abuse and hardship.
Batman: The Dark Knight Rises, by Frank Miller This instant classic shows a new, rougher Gotham City, ten years after Batman's retirement.
The Witches, by Roald Dahl Real witches are in town and they have a terrible plan to get rid of the people they hate the most: children.
The Lord God Made Them All, by James Herriot If you're an animal lover, it might be because you read James Herriot's classic book.The Yorkshire veterinarian tells heartwarming stories about animals and pets, both big and small.
Tracks, by Louise Erdrich A story about deep unrest as Indian tribes struggle to keep what little remains of their land.
The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 3/4, by Sue Townsend It's a tough life for Adrian Mole. His first love, Pandora, has left him; a neighbour seems to be seducing his mom and the BBC refuses to publish his poetry. WTF?
Follow Fransi Weinstein on Twitter: www.twitter.com/3catsmeow


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Bong Snake
Dean's follow up board to his debut "Baked as a Snake" pro board, the "Bong Snake" is available now. Go to clowdist.com for more.
Filmed and Edited by Andy Walker. Additional filming Adam Tabone, Jarrod Knoblauch & Brandon Caldwell.
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Skateboard Shop
- $ 109.95
- $ 129.95
- $ 69.95
- $ 109.95
Price is reich
People saying the vert is nice?Rubbish! There is potential but being a prefabbed ramp the gaps between the slabs are large and siliconed. Your wheels can get jammed easily and it can be dangerous. The park has a caretaker and you can't ride beyond 6pm! How lame!
Best thing about this park is shade cloth. Makes Day skating in Darwin area do able to some extent.
Must have largely been built by Greek concrete guys. Not skatecon or convic.
Good if you are in the area for a bit of fun but not great. The curved ledges have tubular coping and badly thought out.
A bit of fun , better than nothing.
my favourite skatepark for scooting
Kieran Woolley
Sick Park, we loved it! https://www.youtube.com/wat...
Good skatepark but the banks have a weird roll in, almost face planted. Other than that good park
Martin Bommeli
ParkView Video: https://youtu.be/D7BtP1R8Esk
Mat Walker
Great example of what you get if a non-skater tries to design a skatepark. Ramp tops too narrow. Ramps to ground too sharp so your board nose digs in. Weird and useless S shaped thing in centre so you cant take a good run at or from ramps.
Doesn't seem to be used anymore and not suprised.


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Cain Velasquez vs Daniel Cormier Full Fight Video Prediction by Paulie G watch video >>
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Grades K-5 - 8:30 a.m. - 3:05 p.m.
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Students may enter the building and proceed to their classrooms when the first bus arrives - approximately 8:25 a.m.
Students who do not ride a bus should not arrive at school prior to 8:15 a.m. as we do not provide supervision. Students may not enter the building (unless they are in KIDS Club) until 8:15 a.m.
To avoid the end-of-the-day rush, students in kindergarten and first grade are escorted out of the building by their teachers three minutes early.
All unsupervised students must leave the building by 3:30 p.m.
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Students who arrive late for any reason (except a late bus or safety patrol duty) must sign in and obtain an admission slip from the school office before going to class.
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Opposition Accuses Liberals Of Seeking 'Unprecedented' Control Of Parliament
New Democrats and Conservatives are alleging that a government motion to change how they do their work in the House of Commons is retribution after an embarrassing Liberal fumble this week.
And while both parties say the move is unlike anything seen before, the Liberals maintain they are just trying to get things done.
UPDATE: Liberals pulled the controversial motion a day after a skirmish in the House of Commons.
Late Tuesday, Government House Leader Dominic LeBlanc filed notice of a motion that, if adopted, would let Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's cabinet extend sitting hours in the House until a minister or parliamentary secretary decides to adjourn proceedings — something that would be "deemed adopted without debate or amendment."
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau congratulates Dominic LeBlanc as he is sworn in as the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons during a ceremony at Rideau Hall in Ottawa on Wednesday, November 4, 2015. (Photo: Sean Kilpatrick/CP)
The motion proposes extending the House sitting to June 23, and would also give a minister or parliamentary secretary the power to adjourn the House until September — on the spot and with no warning to other parties.
The proposal includes strict time limits on opposition motions and would make it difficult for the opposition to call a snap vote. The powers are temporary, though, and will lapse when Parliament returns from summer break.
Earlier this week, Liberals were caught napping after opposition parties forced a snap vote on Bill C-10, the Air Canada Public Participation Act. Though Liberals boast a majority, many government MPs weren't in the House at the time. House Speaker Geoff Regan averted disaster for the government by breaking a 139-139 tie.
Now, New Democrats and Tories believe it is payback time.
"What we're seeing today is the total betrayal of Justin Trudeau's promise to be more respectful or open to Parliament."
— NDP Leader Thomas Mulcair
NDP Leader Thomas Mulcair told reporters Wednesday that the Liberals' gambit was "unprecedented in the history of Canadian Parliament."
"What we're seeing today is the total betrayal of Justin Trudeau's promise to be more respectful or open to Parliament," Mulcair said.
He dismissed the motion as "childish petulance" from Liberals who nearly lost a vote this week and now want to put a "straitjacket" on Parliament.
NDP House Leader Peter Julian said that "even the Conservatives never went this draconian" in terms of trying to control the debate in the House. He said the motion will take away tools from opposition to debate and express dissatisfaction with the government. It would also prevent the kind of negotiations between parties that Canadians want, he said.
"We're living in a democracy not a dictatorship," Julian said in French.
"This is changing it from having a government and opposition to a government and an audience."
— Tory House Leader Andrew Scheer
That was much the same message Conservative House Leader Andrew Scheer delivered to reporters. He blasted the motion as "vindictive," and the result of the bruised egos of Liberals.
Scheer, a former House Speaker, also called it "unprecedented."
"What's really interesting here is that nothing up to this point has warranted any kind of response about taking away opposition tools," he said, noting that Tories and New Democrats haven't unduly delayed any piece of legislation.
He accused the Liberal majority of "unilaterally disarming" MPs across the aisle.
"This is changing it from having a government and opposition to a government and an audience," Scheer said.
Opposition exaggerating things: LeBlanc
LeBlanc told reporters that the situation was being exaggerated. The motion, he said, would allow for more debate beyond normal sitting hours — something opposition MPs want.
Later, in question period, LeBlanc tried to beat back a claim from Scheer that the prime minister was showing "disdain" for Parliament.
"My friend across the aisle knows very well that what we are seeking to do, in fact, is allow more members of Parliament to speak to ensure that important government legislation can have a full and complete debate in the House," he said.
LeBlanc suggested Scheer was upset he won't be able to "get up in the middle of the day" and try to adjourn the House.
"In no other workplace is it acceptable to arrive at work, pull the fire alarm, and make all of one's colleagues cancel their meetings in committees," LeBlanc said.
Previous Tory track record
Interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose also accused Trudeau of disrespecting Parliament, treating the opposition as an "audience," and abandoning a campaign pledge not to resort to "legislative tricks."
The prime minister said Liberals seek to extend hours to allow MPs to "contribute thoughtful, responsible interjections on a broad range of topics."
"We knew that the prime minister admired (the) basic Chinese dictatorship but we did not think he would actually emulate it," she said, resurfacing an old gaffe.
Of course, some have already argued Conservative MPs aren't in a place to complain considering the previous government's track record with prorogation – including shutting down Parliament to avoid a non-confidence vote in 2009.
Tory MP Michelle Rempel said on Twitter that "even we didn't go this far."
Tbh, even we didn't go this far. This is a govt house leader using draconian methods to be lazy / keep his job. https://t.co/fYKGcFjv4k
— Michelle Rempel, MP (@MichelleRempel) May 18, 2016
Rempel also suggested that the move was more about LeBlanc seeking to keep his gig after the close call earlier this week.
"I know I almost made us lose that vote the other day. Can I please keep my job?" https://t.co/zN1JB7Rk0z pic.twitter.com/0awGb02sID
— Michelle Rempel, MP (@MichelleRempel) May 18, 2016
The new Liberal government has also come under fire in recent weeks for using time allocation motions to shut down debate on government bills.
With files from The Canadian Press
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NEXT: Current MPs With Military Experience
Party: Liberal Riding: Aurora--Oak Ridges--Richmond Hill, Ontario Military Organization and Title: Logistics Officer, Canadian Forces (Air Force), retiring with the rank of Captain
Party: Liberal Riding: Orléans, Ontario Military Organization and Title: Chief of Transformation, Canadian Forces; Chief of Staff, Canadian Forces (Army); Deputy Commander, International Security Assistance Force in Kabul, Afghanistan; Commander, Land Force Doctrine and Training System; Commander, Land Force Command; Director of Command, Control, Communications and Computer Systems, Canadian Forces; Commander, 1st Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group; Colonel, Canadian Forces (Army); Member, 1st Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery; Member, 30th Field Artillery Regiment
Party: NDP Riding: Abitibi--Témiscamingue, Quebec Military Organization and Title: Officer Cadet, Canadian Forces (Army), and Corporal, 52nd Field Ambulance
Party: Conservative Riding: Durham, Ontario Military Organization and Title: Member, Canadian Forces; Officer, Royal Canadian Air Force; Officer, Royal Canadian Air Force 8 Wing (Trenton, Ontario); Air Navigator, Royal Canadian Air Force 17 Wing (Winnipeg, Manitoba); Captain, Royal Canadian Air Force 423 Squadron (Shearwater, Nova Scotia); Training Officer, Royal Canadian Air Force 406 Squadron (Reserve)
Party: Liberal Riding: Vancouver South, British Columbia Military Organization and Title: Commandant, British Columbia Regiment; Lieutenant-Colonel, Canadian Forces; Aide de Camp, Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia
Party: Conservative Riding: Beauport--Limoilou, Quebec Military Organization and Title: Master Bombardier, 6th Field Artillery Brigade
Party: Bloc Quebecois Riding: Terrebonne, Quebec Military Organization and Title: Infantry Officer, Royal 22e Régiment
Party: Conservative Riding: Charlesbourg--Haute-Saint-Charles, Quebec Military Organization and Title: Commandant, Regiment de la Chaudière, and Officer, Canadian Forces (Reserve)
Party: Liberal Riding: Kelowna--Lake Country, British Columbia Military Organization and Title: Flight Commander, Canadian Forces Instrument Check Pilot School; Officer, 2nd Canadian Forces Flight Training School; Major, 1st Canadian Air Division; Flight instructor, Canadian Forces (Air Force)
Party: Liberal Riding: Westmount--Ville-Marie, Quebec Military Organization and Title: Captain, Canadian Forces (Navy) and Combat Systems Engineer, Canadian Forces (Navy)
Party: Liberal Riding: Winnipeg Centre, Manitoba Military Organization and Title: Petty Officer 2nd class, Royal Canadian Navy; Sergeant-at-Arms, 5th Valcartier Field Ambulance, Member, Canadian Forces (Navy Reserve)
Party: Liberal Riding: Winnipeg North, Manitoba Military Organization and Title: Air Traffic Controller, Canadian Forces (Air Force)
Party: Liberal Riding: Kanata--Carleton, Ontario Military Organization and Title: Lieutenant-Colonel, 429 Transport Squadron; Air Navigator, Canadian Forces (Air Force); Member, Windsor Regiment (RCAC) and Royal Canadian Army Cadets
Party: Liberal Riding: Pitt Meadows--Maple Ridge, British Columbia Military Organization and Title: Member, Canadian Army Reserve Force
Party: Liberal Riding: Ville-Marie--Le Sud-Ouest--Île-des-Soeurs, Quebec Military Organization and Title: Commander, Canadian Infantry
Party: Liberal Riding: Mississauga--Lakeshore, Ontario Military Organization and Title: Cadet, Royal Canadian Air Cadets (845 Squadron)
Party: Liberal Riding: Brampton Centre, Ontario Military Organization and Title: Member, Indian Air Force


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Argus A2F
5,987pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
| Argus A2F
Picture by David Broglin. (Image rights)
Like the Argus A2B but with a helical focusing lens. Produced from 1939 thru 1941 originally costing $15.00.
- Argus camera timeline
- Argus A2F at www.collection-appareils.fr by Sylvain Halgand
- Argus patents


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Elite Resort & Spa
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Suites
- Airport Transportation
- Spa
- Restaurant
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Continental Breakfast
Photos of Elite Resort & Spa
Travelers also looked at:
- Spa
- Restaurant
- Swimming pool
- Bar/lounge
- Fitness/Health center
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Wheelchair accessibility
- Kitchenette
- Free parking
- Beverage Selection
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- Airport Transportation
- Continental Breakfast
- Room service
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TripAdvisor Reviews Elite Resort & Spa Manama
Travel Blogs from Manama
A different sort of cycle trip
... in and jandals to wander to the pool in! No, I have not convinced Rodney to tow a trailer on his bike (although it would slow him down to my speed, a possibility for another year ;) ). We are going on a self guided tour organised by a cycle holiday company. The upside is that our luggage will be transported each day and we have not had to make ...
One year anniversary
I have been in Saudi Arabia for 12 nearly months, my second Ramadam has just started and I am reflecting on the experience.
I have achieved what I came to Saudi Arabia to do, a nice big chuck of dosh has disappeared from my morgage. I am a bit disappointed that I haven't been able to explore more of the country but I ...
Call to Prayer and Card Games
... hear it in our rooms. It's so beautiful and haunting sounding. I cannot wait to go to the mosque. I've never been to one before, and I just want to absorb everything about it.
It's only noon here, so I'm sure I'll do a lot more with my day!
Fun Fact: most of the television channels we have in the hotel are Indian and it's a lot of hysterical and awesome Bollywood music videos. I really hope that the Benny Lava song comes on....
Capturing a Calling
... and then added "Islam and Christianity" saying that should be more than enough.
My guide showed up and off we went. We removed out shoes, put them in a cubby, and walked out to an interior courtyard where he said I could take as many photos as I want and to come over when I'm done and he'll start telling me about the mosque. The last time I had been in something this magnificent was when I visiting the Alhambra in Granada. I hope my pictures do it ...
Manama, Bahrain
... though a few new ones have recently been born. We were able to walk around the area with the camels and take pictures. We certainly have never seen that many camels all together before!
All in all, we enjoyed our time in Bahrain. The city was extremely clean and modern, especially compared to what we have recently seen. The people were friendly and certainly made you feel welcome in their ...


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You can't judge a book by its cover.
Read Our Full Review & Parent Discussion Questions Here
Rating & Content Info
Why is Goosebumps rated PG? Goosebumps is rated PG by the MPAA for scary and intense creature action and images, and for some rude humor
Violence: An over-protective parent shouts at his daughter and verbally threatens her friends. Inept police officers make threats about using force and arresting people. Teens trespass on private property, climb on rickety equipment, break-and-enter and impersonate law enforcement personnel. Characters face continuous perilous situations. Monsters, zombies, humongous bugs and other frightening creatures attack people – although both parties have murderous intents, no real deaths are implied. Characters are injured, knocked out and frozen (with an alien gun). Property damage, weapon use and explosions occur frequently – these depictions are usually non-graphic. Some scary and gruesome transformations are shown.
Sexual Content: Several characters hug and kiss, including teenaged couples. An adult who is trying to appear in touch with youth trends makes a reference to a sexual dance style. Girls wear strapless prom gowns. Brief potty humor and infrequent mild slang terms for body parts are used. A teen boy flirts with girls.
Language: The script includes frequent terms of deity used as expletives, along with infrequent mild profanity, name-calling and slurs.
Alcohol / Drug Use: None noted.
Page last updated May 12, 2016
|Rating Descriptor
|British Columbia
|Frightening Scenes.
|Frightening Scenes.
|Not Recommeded for Young Children, Frightening Scenes
|Violence, Not Recommended For Young Children, Some Scary Scenes.
|Not Recommended for Young Children.
|Canadian Home Video
NEW: Listen to our Parent Previews Podcast and take control of media and technology in your family!
News About "Goosebumps"
Cast and Crew
Goosebumps is directed by Rob Letterman and stars Odeya Rush, Jack Black, Halston Sage, Amy Ryan.
Home Video
The most recent home video release of Goosebumps movie is January 26, 2016. Here are some details…
Home Video Notes: Goosebumps
Release Date: 26 January 2016 (Digital: 12 January 2016)
Goosebumps releases to home video (Blu-ray 3D Combo Pack or Blu-ray Combo Pack & DVD) - Beginners Guide to Surviving a Goosebumps Creature
- Strange Things are Happening…On-Set
- Alternate Opening
- Alternate Ending
- Deleted Scenes
- Cast Blooper Reel
- All About Slappy
- Creaturefied!
- Casting Gallery
Related home video titles:
A board game comes to life setting numerous scary creatures loose on an unsuspecting town in Jumanji. In Inkheart other storybook characters are sent into the real world. A wannabe reporter gets more fright than he bargains on when he spends a night in a haunted house in The Ghost and Mr. Chicken.


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The Vault - Framed Out #1 Mini Stamp Set
Price: $10.00
Product ID : 2474
Framed Out #1 Tip Sheet :
1. Stamp the smaller frame onto your cardstock and then layer the larger die cut frame
over it. Use foam tape for dimension.
2. The frames are designed to work together or by themselves.
3. The frames are not just made for sentiments, play around with other images in your
collection as well.
4. The larger frame die cut will work perfectly for making shaker cards.
5. The larger frame will fit into a 1 3/4" square if you want a cut out without a center
6. The smaller frame will fit into a 1 1/4" square punch.
7. All of the sentiments will fit into a 1" square punch.
8. Die cut the frame from masking tape or paper. Use the die cut masks along with the
stamped frames to create unique effects.
9. The frames will work perfectly for a monogram project.
10. Stamp the frame in lighter colors to subtly frame your sentiments and/or images.
Framed Out #1 is the first in a series of fun and easy to use frame images that coordinates with the Framed Out #1 Die. Use the frame images by themselves or combine them with the sentiments to add just the right detail to your paper crafting projects. Build your collection and build the possibilities!
*This stamp set does not include a CD case.
This set comes on a single 3x4 acetate sheet. The larger frame image measures 1 5/8" square. The smaller frame image measures just under 1 1/4" square. The birthday sentiment measures 7/8" wide and is just under 3/4" in height.
Coordinating Products
Papertrey Ink - Framed Out #1 Die
Price: $3.00
Index Label - Framed Out #1
Price: $1.00
Related Products
The Vault - Get to the Point Stamp Set
Price: $48.00
Tag-its #10 Mini Stamp Set
Price: $5.00
Year of Psalms: May Mini Stamp Set
Price: $5.00
Sprinkles on Top Stamp Set
Price: $18.00


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I would like to introduce you to a new blogging friend today! Alley is a fourth grade teacher in Utah, and she is currently working toward earning her Master's Degree in Gifted and Talented Education. She is finishing up her third year of teaching this week. Alley teaches all subjects, but she says her favorite subject to teach is reading. She has a 1:1 Chromebook classroom, so she intends to write several blog posts related to how she integrates technology into her classroom lessons. Some of her favorite things about teaching include coming up with hands-on ways to learn, incorporating movement and music into her classroom, and helping her fourth graders develop a love of reading!
Alley is brand-new on the blogging scene, and I am so honored that she chose to write her first blog post about using some of my main idea resources in her classroom! (Click HERE to read her post!) I especially like how she used the main idea task cards as a formative assessment that guided her in placing students in groups for additional small group instruction based on the skill they were struggling with! I hadn't thought of that possibility before!
I am giving away my Main Idea MEGA-BUNDLE of activities as a way to encourage Alley as she begins her blogging journey! Please take a moment to check out her blog and then hop around and view her other sites. Then, enter the Rafflecopter at the bottom of this post for your chance to win!
I am really looking forward to reading Alley's blog posts in the future and finding out what is going on in her classroom!


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McIlroy in cruise control at Honda Classic
(Reuters) - Rory McIlroy recovered from a poor start to record six birdies and surge to a three-shot lead after his second round at the $6 million Honda Classic in Florida on Friday.
The Northern Irishman remained mentally upbeat despite two early bogeys and his positive attitude was rewarded with a four-under-par 66 at Palm Beach National in Palm Beach Gardens.
"It's just another 36-hole lead," a relaxed McIlroy told reporters after posting an 11-under 129, a tournament record low halfway total.
American Russell Henley (68) was in second place on eight-under with half the field back in the clubhouse, with Britons Lee Westwood (65) and Russell Knox (63) on seven-under.
Masters champion Adam Scott (69) played with McIlroy, but could not keep pace, slipping eight strokes behind but at least the Australian made the cut.
Phil Mickelson, on the other hand, likely was destined to have the weekend off after carding a 71 for one-over 141.
McIlroy, 24, has rediscovered his form in the past few months and he says he is back at the comfort level he enjoyed in late 2012, when he was riding high atop the world rankings.
He changed driver and ball last autumn and sounds eminently satisfied with the results, saying he can hit a variety of shots with the new combination.
"I'm much more comfortable with everything and I think it shows in the way I'm playing," he said. Continued...


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The Planning and Zoning Department is located in the City's Municipal Building 150 N Pine St, Globe Arizona
Director of Planning and Zoning/Building InspectorChris Collopy(928) 425-7146 Ext. 22Cell: (928) 812-2194Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
The Planning and Zoning Department's mission is to aid in planning and technical services to guide the orderly development of a healthy, balanced and livable community. This department issues construction permits and enforces codes and ordinances in the interest of ensuring safe and attractive neighborhoods as well as a healthy environment. For further information on building ordinances please see Chapter 14 of the City Code.
Call for permit pricing.
Who Needs a Building Permit in the City of Globe?
If you are planning on doing any of the listed things on your home or business you will need a building permit.
Other permits may be necessary that are not listed, but these are the most common infractions of homeowners needing building permits.
If you have started a project and now think you should have taken out a building permit, or you are considering a construction project at your home, you may call the City of Globe Planning and Zoning office at (928) 425-7146 ext. 22 with any questions.
Failure to obtain the necessary permits could result in fines and or the removal of the unauthorized building project.
Michelle Yerkovich, Code Enforcement Specialist(928) 200-1552Email: email@example.com
The Code Enforcement Department is committed to protecting the public's health and comfort and to promote and maintain a safe, clean and enjoyable neighborhood. The responsibility of the Code Enforcement Division is to enforce the regulations outlined in the Globe City Code, Article 10-4, Property Maintenance and Public Nuisances. Violations include, but are not limited to, junk vehicles, accumulation of trash, rubbish, debris, weeds, outdoor storage, dilapidated structures and anything else that may affect the quality of life within the boundaries of the city.
Complaints may be taken by written complaint, phone, e-mail or in person. Several questions will need to be researched first such as:
An initial site inspection is conducted on each complaint, which validates the violation(s). Photographs will be taken for the file and possibly the courts.
If an inspection reveals that a violation exists, the (officer) will mail out a fifteen (15) or thirty-day letter, depending on the violation, to the property owner with specific instructions to bring the property into compliance. Another inspection will be performed after the 30 days and if the violation still exists, the City may pursue enforcement by issuance of a complaint or summons from the Magistrate Court. Failure to take the required actions in a timely manner could result in a possible fine in the amount of $2500 per day for each citation of code violation.
If you are concerned about an existing condition in your neighborhood please contact us.
Sign up to receive alerts about floods, fires & other city emergencies and information.
City Hall 150 North Pine Street Globe, AZ 85501
Copyright © 2011 City of Globe, Arizona. All Rights Reserved.
Website design by BCT Consulting, Inc. A Fresno website design company.


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Urinating sensation
I have been up since 6:30 am today coz I was having an urge to urinate again n again but only few drops are coming. I have already been to the washroom more than 10 times. It's really uncomfortable. I m having Ferium XT and Aldactone 50 post dinner for the past 10 days. Does these medicines have any such side effects? N I also have a loss of appetite for the past 3 -4 days.
Answers (1)
Like the answers? Chat privately for 24 hours with the doctor of your choice
Hello, I went through your query, ferium xt has iron and folic acid in it, which is know to cause gastritis which may cause discreased appetite. But it is not clear why you are taking tab. Aldactone, which is actually a diuretic, used to increase urine flow in fluid overload cases (there are many causes for fluid overload). Please get back with details or please consult your doctor.
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one of my fave when i was young then,..and till now still my fave…..i will try your recipe.i think its much better than other…..
November 20, 2008
1 cup butter, softened
1 cup white sugar
3 eggs
4 cups cornstarch
1 tsp. cream of tartar
1 tsp. baking powder
1. Preheat oven to 375degrees F.
2. Grease the cookie sheets.
3. In a bowl, cream the butter and the sugar until well-blended and smooth.
4. Beat the eggs. One egg at a time.
5. Stir in a cornstarch, cream of tartar and baking powder until well-blended.
6. Roll the dough into 1-inch balls and place on the cookie sheet.
7. Bake in the preheated oven for 12 minutes until the puto seco becomes lights brown.
8. Allow to cool before serving.
Related Recipes


text:
28 september 2016
KBM completed state trials of an upgraded, extended performance Khrizantema-S ATGW combat vehicle
14 september 2016
The Army-2016 assembly enabled the foreign military to know farther KBM products
14 september 2016
During the exercise a missile brigade of the SMD combined arms forces to carry out simulated launches of Iskander-M missiles.
6 september 2016
GIbka-S and Verba on display by KBM at Army-2016
2 september 2016
KBM in preparation for its 75-year anniversary
28 july 2016
An Iskander-M SRBM brigade of the Western military district started with scheduled field exercises on a dedicated test range.
28 july 2016
The Serene Sky international competition is going to see live firings of Igla MANPADS.
29 june 2016
A memorial plaque from KBM inaugurated on a building in the city of Znamensk where Sergei P. Nepobedimy had lived and worked
28 june 2016
KBM handed over one more Iskander-M SRBM system to the Russian Army
8 june 2016
A Russia's defence and industrial sector compendium is issued that includes biographies of outstanding KBM designers
2 june 2016
KBM visited by Col. Gen. Oleg Salyukov, commander-in-chief of Russian Army
20 may 2016
Valery M. Kashin made an honorary citizen of the city of Kolomna
27 april 2016
KBM personnel commended by Russia's President
19 april 2016
An Iskanedr-M missile was launched at a Russian MoD exercise
12 april 2016
A monument to Sergei Pavlovich Nepobedimy unveiled in the Federal military cemetery.
29 march 2016
N. V. Gorokhov and S. Yu. Lutsenko were jugded the KBM best young specialists.
25 march 2016
Rosoboronexport is starting to promote Verba, the latest KBM-designed MANPADS, on the international market
1 march 2016
KBM personnel conferred the medal of the Order for the Service to Homeland of 2nd degree for development of new materiel
Tactical Ballistic Missile Systems
The short-range ballistic missile system (sometimes referred to as theatre ballistic missile system) is a type of missile weapon system intended to destroy enemy targets within the operational depth behind the front line.
Man-portable air-defence systems
The man-portable air-defence system (MANPADS) is an anti-aircraft missile system intended for transportation and firing by one person. Small size of the MANPADS makes that weapon stealthy and mobile.
Antitank guided weapon systems
The antitank missile is a guided weapon intended for engagement of main battle tanks and other armoured targets.
Active protection systems
Launch modules for special-purpose protective rounds combined with a stand-alone radar are arranged around the tank.
The joint stock company «Research-and-production corporation «Konstruktorskoye byuro mashynostroyeniya» (JSC «RPC «KBM») is a major design, research and production centre engaged in development, manufacture, tests, and other activities of end-to-end creation of armament and military hardware of various types.


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Free YouTube to MP3 Converter
Version 18.104.22.1686
Whether it's a single track or a whole playlist, Free YouTube to MP3 converter lets you save it to your PC for offline listening later
68, 718, 926 Downloads
- High-speed download
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Free YouTube to MP3 Converter rips the audio from any YouTube video and saves it as an MP3 file.
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