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2010 INDIANAPOLIS 500 PRESS CONFERENCE Tuesday, May 18, 2010 An interview with: Danica Patrick MODERATOR: We're going to go ahead get started. We're joined by Danica Patrick, driver of the No. 7 GoDaddy car for Andretti Autosport....
Tuesday, May 18, 2010
An interview with:
Danica Patrick
MODERATOR: We're going to go ahead get started. We're joined by Danica Patrick, driver of the No. 7 GoDaddy car for Andretti Autosport. This weekend Danica will be attempting to qualify for her sixth Indianapolis 500. She finished third at last year's race and has four top-10 finishes at this event.
Danica, obviously, this week the rain's been a factor. What have you been doing to kill time?
PATRICK: Signing stuff, signing stacks of hero cards and photos. You know, there's just not much you can do, really. I mean, you know, there's not been that much track activity, so there's not even that much to talk about when it comes to the car, either. So what did I do yesterday? Worked out. You can work out a little bit longer when there's nothing to do. I don't know, organize the bus, throw old stuff away, all those DIY stuff that you can do like what you would do at your own house.
But it's disappointing because, you know, this is kind of what I was hoping wouldn't happen with the month, is that rain wouldn't be a factor because it's much more impactful since there's lost track time. But I'm sure everybody will get up to speed and it will fast-forward the programs, and maybe some top speeds will be sacrificed and maybe some comfortable cars will be sacrificed to just extra downforce. But I'm sure we'll make it work.
Q: A lot of people talk about on a normal IndyCar race, you practice for an hour and a half, then you go out and qualify and then you run the race, but this isn't a normal IndyCar race. Do you think more thought probably should have gone -- this format only works in a perfect weather situation.
PATRICK: Yeah. Yeah, I don't know. I mean, I'm sure that there was some logical reasons to shorten up the month, like money. And, you know, I don't know, maybe -- I don't feel the tradeoff because I don't own a team, but maybe it is worth the tradeoff to the team owners. There are a lot of entries, so maybe that's why we have so many car entries as well, because it's -- I mean, well, think about it. In years past you'd see 90 percent, 95 percent of the field out there the first week, and then you'd see cars that planned on starting on the second week, probably for the money reason obviously. So maybe that's why we have so many entries to start with.
But, yeah, I just hope that it doesn't take away from the racing, because the longer we have to make the cars better for all situations, the closer we can run to each other out there on the track and inevitably the better the racing is. So hopefully it doesn't take away from that.
Q: Danica, Saturday trying to make that first nine, do you sort of sandbag early to not show your strength or do you go all out? Is it a different philosophy? @!PATRICK: I don't think anyone really knows exactly how it's going to shake out except we know when the track is the quickest due to humidity and ambient temperature and stuff. So as cool as it can be and as good for horsepower, which is important around here. So beginning and the end of the day are usually the best. So I imagine there will be no sandbagging whatsoever; it's the Indy 500. You never know what you're going to be up against on the next round.
So I actually view the first run to be probably one of the most important to getting into the top nine, just because it will be cooler out. If you have to make up time, I mean, you can lose a mile an hour at least just in conditions. So you can't -- shoot, you work your butt off to find a couple of tenths a mile an hour with setup and things like that. So I think that first run is going to be really important.
Q: Danica, I'm wondering what comes to mind when somebody asks you about Tony Kanaan, specifically how he's helped you or maybe a story you can share about your time with him.
PATRICK: My time with him, you make it sound like it's over or something like that or like he's gone, your memories. You know, I think of Tony and I think of someone who's a great driver and someone who has been very helpful. I mean, he's one of those guys that if I have a question, he'll give an answer. I think he's a great guy and great for the team. And he's funny, he's a good storyteller, he's always good for stories. Every time I hear the same ones, they get bigger and bigger every time, but I'm sure somebody's had that situation before. But that's the charm of Tony. He's a great storyteller, and he's very animated, which keeps it fun.
Q: Danica, ever since we saw the old video of you as a little kid talking about the Indy 500 but you've had a lot of different things going on in your life since then, a lot of different endeavors, but is the Indy 500 still that one thing, that ultimate goal? If so, how do you approach knowing it just comes around once a year despite everything you have going on?
PATRICK: I said on the way out of the track yesterday -- I had somewhere to go -- if only there was an Indianapolis series, we could race like tons of time here, but I guess then it would dilute it all. So that's the excitement is that you're only here the one time, and it is the biggest race of the year. It's the biggest race in the world to me. And it still is. As I said when I was 13 or 14, however old I was when that video came, when I said that the only thing, only trophy missing from this room is the Indianapolis 500 trophy, that's still true.
Q: Danica, we can remember times that you sat out there on qualifying day that you wanted to go back out again. I've talked to a couple of people this week that said they wished that that decision was still in their hands. Do you like it better this way having it not in your hands, having to go back out there again or --
PATRICK: You mean the top nine?
Q: Yeah.
PATRICK: I didn't see what was wrong with it before, so I don't know. I'm not going to criticize it until I've done it, but there was nothing wrong with it before. It was exciting. I mean, last year was the first year I ever re-qualified, and I had runs two times and I was in line and I think I would have been the last car to run, and where was I? Eighth or seventh, I can't even remember where I qualified. But I just remembered that I thought I had a shot at getting up into the top few positions and, you know, maybe a pole but, shoot, being in the front row is fantastic. So I just remember getting pulled out of line because it was, you know -- I don't know why. You have to ask somebody else why I got pulled out of line. (Laughter)
I was ready to go. So that was exciting. Disappointing for me, but exciting for the fans. Part of the game is that there are cars that shouldn't be in line that are in line. So you have to take into account those cars. You know, it's going to just be like normal qualifying shootout kind of stuff with the top nine. I don't know, I mean, you can go from 10th to the top five positions pretty easily at the end of the day if you fix your car up or if you didn't have a good run the first run. So, you know, I don't know. I don't know; I didn't see what was wrong with it before.
Q: Danica, Castroneves is going for his fourth Indy 500, and obviously as a competitor you don't want to see him get that. But the drivers in the garage, can you kind of empathize on how special it would be to be part of that, something that hasn't happened in this generation of drivers?
PATRICK: You want me to comment on how exciting it would be to be around Helio for his fourth win? (Laughter) @%Q: Just, I guess, the special importance of something that hasn't been done with this generation of drivers.
PATRICK: Rick Mears is around, and he did it four times. I don't know. If it's not you, it doesn't really matter. So, you know, everybody wants their own win. I was saying last night as I was driving by the billboard that said "Triple Triumph," I'm like, 'He's got three, some of us want just one, even,' you know, just one. I mean, that's great for him. It's a massive accomplishment, for sure, but it doesn't affect me.
Q: How important is a good spotter -- in the case of this track, two spotters? @!PATRICK: I think spotters can be overlooked, for sure. I think that their value, you know, comes with lap traffic and things like that, that's to me the biggest thing. Accidents happen and, to be honest, as long as they're within visual. The other day when Wheldon spun, I saw it in my rearview mirror. I saw the smoke, I saw the fire. I mean, I saw it. So there's a lot of stuff that we see as drivers, but one thing we can't really control is what the driver ahead of us knows, you know. So things like blocking or things like that, you know, a driver that's not doing what they're supposed to be doing, they need to be on it and on it with the official up top with the spotters and the other driver's spotter and lapped traffic comes, and I'll be like: 'Hey, let that car know that I'm coming. Let's be proactive.'
So I think spotters can be very useful. But, you know, at the end of the day, you're still driving the car. It can take away some risks if, you know, a spotter is working hard for you.
Q: In years past, you've kind of come in here and have been the big story. But this year it just kind of seems like with the way the season started and with some of the other story lines that are going on, you know, you're not as much in the spotlight as you were and also with the start of the season the way it's been with you. Is that something you kind of relish, kind of being a little bit off the center stage a little bit, or is it something you want to be back to being the big story?
PATRICK: No, I'd like to be the big story because it usually means I've done something good, usually. But I don't know, what is the big story? What's the big story this year? @%Q: Helio, the new format, fast nine.
PATRICK: Yeah, so we're talking more about racing. We're talking more about the activity and the racing. And Helio has been fastest both days, so he's well deserving of that media. So, yeah. No, I would love to be the lead story, but it will come when good things happen. If we get out there and I'm quickest today, it will be the story then.
Q: The other aspect of being the big story is the season hasn't started off very well, and that's probably something that you don't like to happen.
PATRICK: Yeah, but there's so much news and so much stuff going on that we all have short memories. I'm forgetting about how the season started myself because I'm in my favorite place. So it's, you know -- as everybody around me says, you know, you're just like one race away. You're just one race away from turning it around and having a good season. So what better place to do it than here?
Q: Danica, you've got a couple of new women added to the field this year. What advice, have you talked to them and advice -- you had a lot of experience, they don't have the experience here and on ovals that you had when you came.
PATRICK: I only raced two ovals before I came to the IndyCar Series.
Q: You were on as lot of racetracks around central --
PATRICK: I'm sure they have a lot of racing experience.
Q: Anyway, do you give them any advice or have you talked to them?
PATRICK: No. I've met Simona (De Silvestro) and Ana (Beatriz), and they both are really nice. They both have talent. If they ask me a question, I would answer it. But, you know, I don't even see them. It's funny how you can all be in the same area so often and even my teammates sometimes, you cross paths, and if we didn't have the communal engineering room where we are around each other all the time, I mean you'd -- you don't see very many people just because you head out to pit lane and you do your thing, and you come back in and you're in the garages and we're in garages with no windows. So it's amazing how little you see people. I probably see more people in the gym than I see out on the racetrack.
Q: Danica, the other aspect of the new format that has not really been addressed is the importance of the points. How do you feel about the vast amount of points being issued for the top qualifying positions?
PATRICK: I didn't know this. What is this situation?
Q: Pole is 15 points. Front row is 13 and 12, and it goes progressively back from there.
PATRICK: Interesting. (Laughter) Well, I might be making more than one run then. All of a sudden now if you're eighth or ninth, there's a reason to go back out again. I mean, that's kind of one of the other things I was thinking is that, you know, if you're eighth or seventh or something, you know, you're inside of the third row, that's not too bad. Is it really worth risking going out there and either going slower or doing something even worse? Not really. I mean, is it? I don't know, unless you think you can get the front row for sure.
Yeah, there will be more reason to. So I guess it's good they put some infrastructure in to make that happen. But, cool, I guess. I guess, to be honest, I would think that those would have been made more sense previously when we had an entire week to warm up for this, but now it's like a little here, a little there. It's not really dedicated, it's not dedicated on any level to qualifying. It's both qualifying and race. So it would have made more sense in the past when we had an entire week to do this. It was almost like qualifying was a race, you know. Now it's a little diluted. @%Q: I'm wondering as you learn more and more each time you race and you get older and wiser, how much easier is it to get over when someone takes you out in a crash? Is there such a thing as people holding grudges still, because I know some drivers have long memories. But do you get past that and --
PATRICK: Depends on how dumb it was. @%Q: Really? Some you hold on to?
PATRICK: It depends on how dumb it was. I mean if it was a completely bonehead move, then you're going to be mad. If it was a racing accident where it was, 'Oh, well, I did a little of this; they did a little of that,' then what are you going to do? It was just something that happened, and you took a risk, probably. So, you know, I would have to say that you still get just as mad no matter what, no matter what point in your career you're at. @%Q: I've heard some older drivers even back in the day, they hold that grudge as long as they're in the car. I'll never forget that guy or I'll never forget that person or whatever.
PATRICK: Well, I guess you can forgive but you never forget, right? That's how it goes on in every aspect, isn't it?
MODERATOR: Any other questions? Bruce.
Q: Kind of going back a little bit, you're saying that you haven't really had a chance to talk to the other four female drivers. Do you think that in some ways they maybe may be a little intimidated of coming up and asking you for advice?
PATRICK: I don't know. I guess it wouldn't be normal necessarily for any driver to go to another driver that's not in the team and ask for advice. So that's probably the situation. I'm sure that all these drivers, guys and girls, they all have people that they can ask within their team questions. So that's probably the biggest reason, really. I don't know. I mean, yeah, I would have to say it's really just because if you're not on the same team, it's not convenient or normal.
MODERATOR: We'll go ahead and take our last question.
Q: Danica, this question is kind of from left field, but the Navy's finally -- not finally but going to put women in submarines for the first time. Would you -- how do you feel about that, you know, breaking another all male --
PATRICK: This isn't even a field; this is deep in the ocean. This isn't left or right. (Laughter)
Q: In the Navy, would you like be in a submarine? (Laughter)
PATRICK: No, I'm scared of water. So then put me 2,000 leagues under the sea, and I'm not going to be happy. I don't even snorkel. I can go on vacation in a beautiful French Polynesian island, and I don't even put my feet in the water. So I can be in an overwater bungalow over the ocean, and I don't even put my feet in the water. So no, I would not go in a submarine.
Q: That's not true. Barbara Eden was in "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea."
PATRICK: I didn't even know that was happening, but I guess that's good. Like I have always said, there's lots of men and women crossing over into the stereotypical gender areas all over the place, and that's just another one.
MODERATOR: Thanks, Danica, for your time today, and hopefully we'll see you on the track this afternoon.
PATRICK: Thank you.
-source: ims


text:
The Asia-Pacific region will increasingly hold the biggest opportunities for global insurers and reinsurers, according to Munich Re, which has tried to quantify forecast insurance growth in the region in a new report. But it will remain vulnerable and underinsured against natural catastrophes.
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subset: commoncrawl


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photograph... Photographer
KEL WARRINModel Female Dallas, Texas, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/kelwarrin
Mayhem # 2341178
About MeHello!! Thank you for checking out my profile! My goal for being on this site is to obtain more pictures for my book and the added experience is a plus. I am very easy to work with and I take direction well. :) If I tell you I will show up, I will and I will be on time...or early. :) The best way to contact me is by e-mail or by my cell. I can't wait to work with you!!
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Andrew - CCM Photographer
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Event: Model turned actress Lisa Haydon walked the ramp for Payal Singhal show at Lakme Fashion Week 2013 Day 1.
Guest List: Lisa Haydon
Bollywood babes Shraddha Kapoor, Sona Mohapatra, Shamita Shetty, Karishma Tanna, Adaa Khan, Mouni Roy among others were snapped at the success bash of HALF GIRLFRIEND.
Bollywood celebs Arjun Kapoor, Shraddha Kapoor, Mukesh Bhatt, Mahesh Bhatt, Mohit Suri, Chetan Bhagat, Udita Goswami, Ronit Roy, Tusshar Kapoor, Karan Johar, Rajkummar Rao, Upen Patel, Sushant Singh R...
Bollywood actress Huma Qureshi was spotted at Khar.
Bollywood actor Ranveer Singh was spotted at the airport.
Bollywood actor Shahid Kapoor was snapped at the airport.


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Billionaire Alwaleed's CFO Said to Quit Kingdom HoldingDeema Almashabi
Shadi Sadeek Sanbar, chief financial officer at Saudi billionaire Prince Alwaleed bin Talal's Kingdom Holding Co., is planning to leave the company this month, according to four people with knowledge of the matter.
Sanbar is stepping down after more than eight years with Riyadh-based Kingdom to move with his family to the U.S., the people said, asking not to be identified as the departure hasn't been announced. He'll remain on the board, they said.
Alwaleed, who owns 95 percent of Kingdom, has built a fortune of $30 billion amassing stakes in Citigroup Inc., News Corp. and Apple Inc., according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. Twitter Inc., the microblogging service, received a $300 million investment from Kingdom in 2011. The shares jumped 73 percent in the company's trading debut on Nov. 7.
Sanbar's departure comes five months after the company's director for private equity, Ahmed Halawani, resigned after 17 years with Kingdom, citing personal reasons, according to a company statement in June.
Sanbar was appointed as CFO in April 2007 and was special advisor to the company since 2005. He worked for Arthur Andersen prior to joining Alwaleed's Kingdom, starting in 1973 at the company's Los Angeles office. He moved to the Riyadh office and was appointed managing partner for the assurance and business advisory practice of Arthur Andersen, according to Kingdom's website. A telephone call to Kingdom Holding outside regular office hours wasn't immediately returned.
Jeddah Skyscraper
Kingdom Holding is planning to build a kilometer-high (0.62 mile-high) skyscraper in the Red Sea port city of Jeddah, seeking to surpass the Burj Khalifa in Dubai as the world's tallest tower. The company received shareholders' approval in March 2012 to sell as much as 3.75 billion riyals ($1 billion) of bonds inside Saudi Arabia or abroad.
Alwaleed, who took a 95 percent stake in the Four Seasons hotel chain with Bill Gates and also owns a stake in Fairmont Hotels and Resorts Inc., is weighing options for the businesses including an initial public offering or merger, he said in a Nov. 20 interview with Bloomberg TV's Erik Schatzker in Chicago.


text: 000 FXUS63 KMQT 201743 AFDMQT Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Marquette MI 143 PM EDT Sat May 20 2017 .SHORT TERM...(Today and tonight) Issued at 509 AM EDT SAT MAY 20 2017 Latest water vapor imagery shows a developing closed low and well- defined shortwave over the KS/NE border lifting slowly northward through the Central Plains. Deepening moisture and lift out ahead of the closed low/shortwave was supporting showers early this morning from MO into central IA and southern MN, but very dry low-level air mass in place was breaking apart the leading edge of showers into northern IL and southern WI. Latest regional radar trends and very dry airmass in place across much of the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region as depicted by the 00z GRB and APX soundings support 00z models slower progression of pcpn into Upper Mi today. Thus, only have low chc pops for rain just reaching into the the Wi border counties by 18z. With increasing upper diffluence ahead of shortwave and increasing 295-300k isentropic ascent ahead of occluded front, especially from 21-03z, expect very dry low-levels to finally moisten and allow rain to spread northeastward across the rest of west and central Upper Mi. Despite increasing q-vector convergence and upper diffluence ahead of the approaching shortwave trough late evening into the overnight, mid-level dry slotting and a transition to isentropic descent as depicted by models will cause a general diminishing trend to showers from late evening into the overnight hours. With more sunshine expected in the morning hours, bumped up high temps today into the mid to upper 50s across much of the cwa, except around 50f over the Keweenaw in strengthening onshore easterly flow. Followed CONSAll guidance tonight under expected clouds and steady ese winds with min temps in the lower to mid 40s. .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Friday) Issued at 320 AM EDT SAT MAY 20 2017 An upr trof centered over the Great Lks wl dominate the upper air pattern for at least the first half of the coming week. Although no heavy pcpn appears likely during this time, a general cyc llvl flow over the area should result in a good deal of cld cover and a chc of some showers at times. Blo normal temps wl also prevail, especially the daytime hi temps with the cld cover. After the deep upr trof exits to the e at mid week, a passing sfc hi pres wl bring at least a brief period of dry wx. There remains much uncertainly on the track/timing of a rather strong disturbance that wl follow and bring a return of shower chcs sometime later in the week. Sun...Lingering rain on Sun mrng ahead of lo pres lifting nwd toward the wrn cwa and its attendant occluded fnt to triple pt lo pres moving thru Lower MI wl diminish to perhaps some drizzle with vigorous dry slotting under jet surge region on the ern flank of supporting shrtwv moving n thru MN. As the lo pres continues into wrn Lk Sup/Ontario during the aftn and the occluded fnt shifts to the n, a dvlpg wsw flow on the srn flank of the lo wl end any pcpn over the scntrl with downsloping wind component. But upslope wind component wl keep pcpn chcs going over at least the hier terrain of the nw cwa. Although there could be some breaks in the cld cover over the scentrl later in the day with the downsloping wind, more lingering clds overthe rest of the cwa within the llvl cyc flow wl hold max temps blo normal, especially over the wrn cwa. Sun ngt into Mon ngt...Slow moving, closed lo is fcst to exit only slowly to the ne, resulting in just a gradual weakening of the llvl cyc wly flow over Upr MI. Although the absence of any large scale forcing wl restrict pcpn chcs, the lingering moist cyc flow wl bring a continued chc of mainly light showers to most of the cwa, especially away fm the scentral, where the downsloping wind component wl be a greater negative for pops. H85 temps falling into the 2-4C range and the clds wl result in blo normal temps, especially Mon daytime maxes with the cld cover. Tue/Tue ngt...A shrtwv digging sewd thru the nrn Plains on Mon is progged to move near Iowa by 12Z Tue and then Chicago by 12Z Wed, resulting in a deepening upr trof centered over the Great Lks. Many of the medium range models show a slowly deepening sfc lo pres associated with this shrtwv moving toward Lower MI. Although the sharper forcing/heavier pcpn accompanying the shrtwv are progged to remain to the s of Upr MI, rather deep cyc flow and lingering mstr over the cwa wl still result in plenty of clds and probably at least some sct showers, with the hier pops over the se closer to the sharper dpva/deep lyr qvector cnvgc. Since h85 temps wl remain arnd 2C, cool wx wl persist, especially the daytime hi temps on Tue under the clds. Wed thru Fri...As the deep upr trof axis/sfc lo pres drift slowly to the e on Wed, trailing hi pres/acyc flow and axis of much drier air wl bring clrg during the day. With h85 temps rising to within a couple degrees of 6C, expect max temps to rebound aoa 60 over the scentral farther fm Lk Sup moderation. Depending on how quickly the sfc hi pres shifts to the e on Wed ngt, Thu mrng could be chilly with lgt winds before a strengthening sly flow ahead of the next shrtwv sliding e thru the Plains near the Cndn border brings a return of moister, more seasonably warm air and shower chcs late in the week. The longer range models show a great deal of uncertainty on the timing/track of this disturbance, so the fcst wl show only lo chc pops for Thu/Fri. && .AVIATION...(For the 18Z TAFS through 18Z Sunday afternoon) Issued at 139 PM EDT SAT MAY 20 2017 VFR conditions will prevail through this afternoon. Rain showers will begin to lift north across the area as low pressure lifts north towards the area. Conditions will fall to MVFR at all sites this evening as the rain becomes more widespread, and as rain begins to taper off overnight tonight conditions will lower to IFR. There may even be a period of LIFR conditions at KSAW late tonight in a moist upslope ese flow. A period of tsra may also be possible btwn 09z- 15z, as a disturbance lifts through the area. However, confidence was not high enough to include mention in the TAF at this time. && .MARINE...(For the 4 AM Lake Superior forecast issuance) Issued at 320 AM EDT SAT MAY 20 2017 Ene winds 10 to 20 kts this morning will increase up to 25 to 30 kts over the w half of Lake Superior this afternoon as the pres gradient ahead of lo pres approaching from the sw tightens sharply over that area and where terrain influences will accentuate the ne flow. The sharper pres gradient and strong winds up to 30 kts will overspread the rest of the lake tonight. Not out of the question there could be some gales over the far w where the funneling of the ene flow will continue. As the lo pres passes into Ontario on Sun and drags a trough across Lake Superior, expect the winds to diminish and shift to the w-sw by Sun night. Winds under 20 kts should then be the rule on Mon into Wed as a relatively flat pres gradient dominates the Upper Lakes. && .MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Upper Michigan... None. Lake Superior... None. Lake Michigan... None. && $$ SHORT TERM...Voss LONG TERM...KC AVIATION...JLB MARINE...KC


text:
oco necessitava di un nuovo design di logo e ha lanciato un contest su 99designs.
È stato scelto un vincitore tra 63 design presentati da 26 designer.
In need of logo for a corporate with business in different industries like IT, F&B, etc
O Corporation Ltd
Desired Style: Creative, Modern and Clean
Logo should be timeless. It must be creative and modern.
The colour choice can be a combination of burgundy colour and gold or other choices that fits a corporate logo. Word "O Corporation Ltd" should be included and designer can play around with the "O".
Ownership of winning entry must be transferred via written contract. Must be original work and must be free of any potential trademark / use conflicts.
Accepted File Formats: Standard Web Formats (.jpg) and Vector Formats (ai)
- Item 1...
- Item 1...


text: Overview Discussion topics Read Activity Members 1–2 of 2 comments Read my story?! Posted by Carlyn on November 18, 2009 Add reply Share Send to a fan or friend Short link: Carlyn posted November 18, 2009 Hey! It would be greatly appreciated if you red my story Ruby Red! I would love feedback and whatnot! http://www.protagonize.com/story/ruby-red Diomedes posted November 18, 2009 Hahhaa, sure thing.(:(Check out my stuff, too :D http://www.protagonize.com/story/scribbles-of-a-lost-man is my poetry) Back to top


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Is it Easter Season yet? -- last I heard this was still coming Easter season 2014, but it's been in the process of coming now for several years (since at least 2010). I haven't heard anything new about it being still on the way, but since things are kind of slow here right now I'm bumping this post up again to remind people not to panic if someone tries to make hay out of this along with the (so-called) "Gospel of Jesus' Wife", which was pre-marketed the previous autumn (2012) but referring to a much different text (one likely a modern forgery unlike this text).
In fact it was a bit of recent news about the 2012GJW which inspired me to wonder whether the 2013GJW was also still coming this Easter: the Smithsonian had made a documentary on the 2012GJW that somehow didn't get released in the USA after a strong scholarly case was made about the text's forgery. A reader at Mark Goodacre's blog happened to find a French version of the documentary on Youtube, however, which Mark (and the Smithsonian originally I guess) posted about yesterday. The 45 minute doc can be watched here, by anyone reasonably fluent in French (though I am not): http://ntweblog.blogspot.com/2014/01/gospel-of-jesus-wife-smithsonian.html
Mark thought it was a pretty balanced work overall, and noticed very quick additions about the question of forgery that, naturally, go unanswered in the doc because the interviews were made before that became an issue.
To be fair, the scholars involved in promoting the 2012GJW seem to be subsequently cautious about trying to capitalize on it further; but if this other text being pre-marketed last year actually shows up this Easter season, I wouldn't be at all surprised if 2012's GJW managed to ride the brief gravy train somehow while the gravy was good. {wry g}
A collection of Mark's articles following 2012's brewing GJW media circus (not to be confused with 2013's brewing tempest in a teacup, concerning a completely different text, reported about below), can be found here.
************originally posted Oct 26, 2013************
Whilst poking around elsewhere on other business, I happened to run across New Testament historian Mark Goodacre's blog (now added to the blogroll over on the right), where he and Richard Bauckham (whom I am also a bit of a fan of) have managed, a few weeks ago, to conspire together to explode next Easter's scheduled marketing sceptical conspiracy foofaraw ahead of time.
Unfortunately for Simcha Jacobovici and Barrie Wilson, the project they've been trying to whip up into a froth for the past few years, supposedly a lost gospel kept secret in England for over 200 years and feasibly dating back to the 1st century (from a 6th century copy of a 5th century text), is being outed ahead of time as nothing other or more than a Syriac copy of the well-known 1st century Jewish poetic romance of Joseph and Aseneth -- a text Mark Goodacre happens to be very familiar with.
Now, it is certainly true that some ancient Christians who (like a lot of people back then, and still today who know about it) enjoyed and appreciated this text, also liked to draw parallels between Joseph and Jesus, somewhat on the line of their application of the Song of Songs to Jesus; and since Aseneth (or Asayath in the Syriac) is obviously a major character in the romance, she would naturally be compared to the Church -- and not only the Gentile Church but the Jewish Church, just as non-Christian Jews compared her to God calling the Jews out of paganism, and perhaps still calling pagans into Judaism today, with prophesies in the Jewish scriptures, which we call the Old Testament, that God will one day be totally successful in reconciling Jews and Gentiles together. (Prophesies picked up by early Jewish Christians like Paul of Tarsus in helping build and lead the Christian Church in evangelism across the Roman empire.)
This is all fairly plain sailing, but add some "decoding" and, hey presto, this well known text (which probably predates the ministry of Jesus) isn't about Joseph and Aseneth at all, or Gentiles converting to Judaism at all (in the dicey but opportunistic situation of early 1st century Palestine under early Roman occupation), but about Jesus of Nazareth and Mary Magdalene the Gentile priestess! Which the Church doesn't want you to know about BECAUSE IT'S A CONSPIRACY OoooooOOOOOOOOOOooooo! {ka-ching}
Uh, no. That Syriac text has been translated into English twice, except for the Joseph and Aseneth part which wasn't translated because we already have plenty of those from much better and older sources, though this particular copy (from a previous Greek text) has probably already been factored by textual critics into critical translations.
Which might explain why the duo have had such problems getting the work off the ground to begin with over the past few years: it's going to be reaaaaaaaalllyyy easy for scholars absolutely everywhere (regardless of their faith or lack of) to go, "Guys, it's just Joseph and Aseneth, which is a very nifty text, but nothing being held secret by anyone or even untranslated before now."
Having had their Jesus Tomb theories repeatedly thrashed by scholars on every side of the aisle for clumsy opportunism, probably didn't help their chances of getting this going either.
Still, as Mark says (who has been extremely charitable toward the project since he ran across it himself), "The key thing will be to read Jacobovici's and Wilson's book when it comes out, and to assess its claims with a fair mind. After all, we too might be surprised!"
For more on the pre-breaking story (so to speak), the relevant entries so far at Mark's blog (which I highly recommend anyway) can be found here:
and the followup by Richard Baukham
And since Mark is a big fan of the Aseneth poem, he's been taking the opportunity to update his page on it (adding and fixing links etc.), so anyone who wants to read the poem in various languages and versions can find a lot of info here:
If it turns out, as seems highly probable now, that this is only going to be a report about the Syriac Joseph and Aseneth poem translated from Greek by the friend of an anonymous monk while translating Zachariah Rhetor's Ecclesiastic History (and a handful of some other things he thought were cool) into Syriac, then we can all just tamp down on any speculative panic-mongering when it arrives next year, and then take the opportunity to indulge in a bit of well-deserved appreciation for a text with a rich Christian (and Jewish) literary history.
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(Redated and updated): Mark Goodacre and Richard Bauckham: Exploding Sceptical Piffle Before It Explodes!
Is it Easter Season yet? -- last I heard this was still coming Easter season 2014, but it's been in the process of coming now for several years (since at least 2010). I haven't heard anything new about it being still on the way, but since things are kind of slow here right now I'm bumping this post up again to remind people not to panic if someone tries to make hay out of this along with the (so-called) "Gospel of Jesus' Wife", which was pre-marketed the previous autumn (2012) but referring to a much different text (one likely a modern forgery unlike this text).
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Wednesday was a day full of Adam Lambert sightings and events for Carol & Lila, admins of the Adam Lambert Official Unofficial Fan Club, and a few others of us who were lucky enough to join them. We were high on excitement, anticipating seeing Adam live twice on Wednesday, February 9, 2011, as members of the audience on television's "The Talk" and "Extra".
I hadn't attended an audience taping since I was a child, so the whole process interested me. We drove to the CBS lot at 9 a.m., parked, and walked to where they were checking ID's, searching our purses for contraband, and walking everyone through a metal detector. Then we walked some more to a "holding room" – simply a room filled with benches and chairs – and lots of Adam Lambert fans.
The holding room already had a party atmosphere. Everyone was chatting, laughing, and taking pictures. No pictures, cameras, or visible cell phones were allowed on the set, so now was the time to take photos of each other. I saw some familiar faces from Adam's concerts, and chatted with various people. People had flown in from all over just to see Adam Lambert on "The Talk". Chicago, Mexico City, New York – no distance was too far for fans to go to see Adam even for just a few fleeting minutes.
A few CBS "nannies" dressed in red jackets and black pants babysat and entertained us with antics while we sat there… and sat there… and sat there. Finally, a more official, very funny guy showed up from "The Talk" itself. His job was to organize us, explain things to us about the show, and choose a few audience members to ask Adam questions and participate in the show.
All he would tell us about the latter was that the chosen few needed to be able to sing, should know Adam's lyrics, and couldn't have met Adam before. All kinds of things ran through my head when they announced that. Was an audience member going to sing a duet with Adam? I tried to imagine what was going to happen.
Finally, after what seemed like forever (time magnified by Adam-nerves), "The Talk" show funny guy escort led us through the streets of CBS studios past cottages and trailers reserved for the stars. We walked this way and that through a maze of cottages, trailers, and sound stages… and walked… and walked… and walked.
Finally, we stopped. My heart beat a little faster as I realized we were at the sound stage for "The Talk". Adam was just on the other side of that wall! I got more excited, more full of nervous energy every moment.
Let me pause for a side note. I know all of this sounds a bit silly – nervousness, heart palpitations, and anticipation running wild – something a 14-year old might go through over her crush on Justin Bieber. Trust me, I am far, far away from 14 years of age. Why these feelings over a singer – any singer – I can't fully explain. No singer, no celebrity has ever affected me this way. Except Adam Lambert.
Yet here I was, in a crowd of women (and a few men) who completely understood how I was feeling about this singer called Adam Lambert. People in my daily life didn't understand. But here, somehow I felt at home with my "Glamily" – fans who totally understood how I felt because they felt the same way.
Outside the sound stage our funny guy escort from "The Talk" pumped us up, got us excited by having us clap and whoop (as if we needed him to get us any more excited than we already were), and finally led us in to the studio, where we were all seated.
More getting us pumped up, more clapping and whooping followed – I guess to get us animated enough for it to come across on camera. On camera, it was explained to us, everything needed to be magnified – bigger gestures, louder clapping, and so on. Here I thought that those bigger, broader actions were reserved for the stage, not for the watchful eye of the camera that saw virtually every nuance in gestures and facial expressions. Nevertheless, we performed like a good audience should.
"The Talk" hosts – Sharon Osbourne, Julie Chen, Sara Gilbert, Holly Robinson Peete, and Leah Remini – finally came out on stage. The stage was set up almost like someone's living room or den – a book case and staircase stage left, couches and overstuffed chairs in the background. They chatted on about men doing "manly" things like breaking down doors, changing a car battery, and so on. We politely clapped and laughed.
One of the hosts (Sharon Osbourne I think) at last said, "And coming up after the break – Adam Lambert!" The audience virtually exploded with cheers and clapping. The ladies of "The Talk" panel just looked at us, the audience, a bit surprised and chuckled at how passionately we reacted to that announcement.
A panel member said something about never having had an audience quite like us – we were "the most enthusiastic crowd" they'd ever had. Well, duh! They had never had a guest quite like Adam Lambert, either! The commercial break ended, and finally the reason for all the anticipation, all the nervous excitement walked through the doors onto the stage.
Adam Lambert entered, a broad white smile gleaming and blue eyes sparkling, the audience showering him with a roar of clapping – no, a standing ovation! Whoops and cheers and fervent clapping rose in crescendo and threatened to never end. We waved the various posters we had – which, by the way, they had given to us. I want to clarify that, because I've seen far better posters in concerts than we had on "The Talk". I know the Glamberts are capable of much more. But unfortunately, we were not allowed to create and bring our own.
Adam smiled ear to ear as we continued clapping; then after acknowledging all the applause, he finally sat down. The loud applause continued along with the cheers. But we could see he was about to talk. Immediately we grew so quiet you could hear our hearts beat.
No behind-the-camera prompting was necessary for us to quiet down. The audience monitor who told us when to clap and when to be quiet eventually gave up trying to direct us. We were doing everything perfectly – in fact, probably better and more than they ever expected.
Adam talked about being nominated for a Grammy, and the audience again burst into applause. He talked with the panel members about what kinds of "manly" things he could do, and we learned he could break down doors, change a car battery, and do all sorts of things. Asked if he could do a fireman's carry, he didn't just say "yes" – he picked up Sara Gilbert and demonstrated it for us!
Then Adam talked about his charitable contributions. For Adam Lambert's 29th birthday on January 29th, he asked fans to donate to Charity:water instead of sending him gifts. In the first few hours his fans met the original goal of $29,000. On his birthday itself his fans raised $115,000 – in just one day! Finally, shortly after his birthday, Adam's fans reached the new goal he had challenged us with – $290,000.
A few members of the audience asked Adam some insightful questions, then later on during "The Talk", three women participated in a game called "Silence of the Lambert". They were shown an Adam Lambert video, and then it was stopped after a minute or so.
The audience member then had to sing the lyrics that came after that point for a few bars. It was funny, fun, and Adam was gracious and smiling, as usual. Kudos to the brave women who got up there to sing Adam's lyrics. I would have been so nervous just being that close to Adam I doubt I could speak, much less sing!
Regardless of what was going on during the show, I sat in rapt attention, watching every move Adam made, listening to every word he spoke. Before I knew it, the show was over. The time went by in a flash. It was way too short.
I had never sat in an audience where Adam was just talking – live. Before, the only times I had seen Adam was in concerts. But at "The Talk" I could have sat there for hours, just listening to Adam talk. Heck, he could have simply read the telephone book, and I would have been happy. But all good things must come to an end, and all too soon the show ended.
After the show was over, Carol, Lila, some friends, and I walked back to our cars and then drove across Los Angeles, straight for The Grove – an outdoor mall near Farmer's Market where "Extra!" was being shot that day.
We had a long wait before Adam came out to be interviewed – but none of us minded one bit. Adam Lambert's fans will literally wait for days to see him. When I attended the Music Box concert on December 15, 2010, I met some fans who had literally waited for over 24 hours to get into this general admission concert. And they waited with laughter, camaraderie, and eager anticipation, sharing stories about Adam.
That's one thing that is so very special about being an Adam Lambert fan – spending time with other fans that can totally relate to how you feel about Adam. For minutes, hours, or days I feel totally at home with complete strangers – the Glamily – when I go to Adam's events.
Adam finally walked toward the "Extra!" cameras at about 2 p.m., where in an interview he talked about his nomination for a Grammy and about how excited he was to go to the Grammies. He answered questions about how he felt about American Idol's new judges, and continued to answer other questions posed to him.
We fans hung on Adam's every word. If you look at the video of "Extra", just notice some of the faces in the crowd. It isn't hard to tell who is thoroughly smitten with Adam.
Even though I was too far to hear what Adam was saying, I still sent adoring looks toward him as did all of his fans there. Just having a whole day that was all about Adam Lambert was such a treat. Carol, Lila, some friends and I had started "Adamizing" our lives at dinner the night before we went to "The Talk" and "Extra!" Then the day of the shoots we continued talking about Adam, watching him, listening to him, and trying to thoroughly absorb every single Adam-minute we could.
For a few glorious moments we could forget about the Adam-withdrawal we had been going through since the Glam Nation Tour. That dose of Adam we got on February 9, 2011, should sustain us for awhile – until once again we grow hungry for more of Adam Lambert.
– Sandra Essary
To watch Adam Lambert on "The Talk", click here.


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Fashion Sunglasses
Spring is in full swing, and with a onset of sunny hours is becoming more and more significant question of choosing sunglasses. They must be good protect a eyes with sunlight, be comfortable, and of course, fashion! Lovely ladies, currently we will talk about fashion trends of the upcoming summer 2012 season on sunglasses.
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Summer 2012
Spring is in full swing, and with a onset of sunny hours is becoming more and more important issue of choosing sunglasses. You need be good defend the eyes from sunlight, be comfortable, and of course, fashion! Lovely ladies, today we will talk size fashion trends of a upcoming summer 2012 season on sunglasses.
Highlights and coloring
These options will suit those ladies who can not decide the color of a thin hair. In a source of 2013 are relevant shine transitions within the tones of a like color hair. No need to hurry up to extremes and paint a head in contrasting shades! Remember - the naturalness? However, this slogan does not contradict a desire to stand out. To attain this, simply pick the trendy graduation - when a color darkens or lightens thin hair, from roots and finishing tips.
Fashion short summer dresses
Summer mini sundresses - this is the garments that emphasizes youth and beautiful! For young girls with a helf figure is short sarafan - main resolution for a hot summer. Excellent look more open model with narrow straps or clear, bright colors, with a balloon skirt, bell or the sun.
Black and Whiteness: New Year's Clothing 2013
Whiteness and black, together and separately, are extremely relevant in this period. Opt with sable mini bright satin or white maxi air of chiffon. Vogue hit - a dark-and-white models: flowers, stripes, geometry and abstraction.Ingenious look and leopard print in sable and white. Note that beastly theme - the trend of the period. Sable gloves, sable studs and black boa will be useful to you when you create an image of the New Year. This is a win-win item.¬†¬†Similar articles: Skin belts, handbags, sunglasses, colored bracelets Fashionable coat for a offseason rate. –ß–ł—ā–į—ā—Ć –Ņ–ĺ–Ľ–Ĺ–ĺ—Ā—ā—Ć—é -->
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Meet Amazon's new tablet: Kindle Fire
Amazon today revealed a new color tablet called the Kindle Fire.
It has a 7-inch touchscreen, weighs 14.6 ounces, runs Android and costs $200, Amazon says.
If the mad scrambling over the defunct-ish, discounted HP TouchPad shows anything, it's that people are really interested in an el-cheapo tablet, and Amazon's offering is looking promising. I can't wait to try it out.
More details about the Fire -- kind of a silly name, in my opinion -- at the NY Times.
Latest Gear, Games and Life Online Posts
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More Tech Coverage
Latest personal technology stories from the Journal Sentinel


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text: Establishing the Case For Miracles and the Bible Sessions 15-17 (of 19) www.meeknessandtruth.org 12 Points in Establishing the Case for Christianity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Truth about reality is knowable. The opposite of true is false. It is true that the theistic God exists. If God exists then miracles are possible. Miracles can be used to confirm a message from God. The New Testament is historically reliable. The New Testament says Jesus claimed to be God. Jesus' claim to be God was miraculously confirmed by: a. His fulfillment of many prophecies about Himself; b. His sinless and miraculous life; c. His prediction and accomplishment of His resurrection 9. Therefore, Jesus is God. 10. Whatever Jesus (who is God) teaches is true. 11. Jesus taught that the Bible is the Word of God. 12. Therefore, it is true that the Bible is the Word of God (and anything opposed to it is false). Where Do We Take It From Here? Proving God exists does not prove Jesus was from God! Additionally we must show: I. If God exists, then miracles are possible * If God exists He can act! Where Do We Take It From Here? Proving God exists does not prove Jesus was from God! Additionally we must show: I. II. III. IV. If God exists, then miracles are possible N.T. documents are historically reliable N.T. claims of Jesus as God Jesus proved to be God by an unprecedented convergence of miracles Anthony Flew's Summary Of David Hume's Argument That Miracles Are Not Credible • • • • Miracles are by nature particular and unrepeatable. Natural events are by nature general and repeatable Now, in practice, the evidence for the general and repeatable is always greater than that for the particular and unrepeatable. Therefore, in practice the evidence against miracles will always be greater than the evidence for them. In Hume's Own Words… There must "be a uniform experience against every miraculous event, otherwise the event would not merit that appellation. And as uniform experience amounts to a proof, there is here a direct and full proof, from the nature of the fact, against the existence of any miracle, nor can such a proof be destroyed or the miracle rendered credible but by an opposite proof which is superior."[1] [1] David Hume An inquiry concerning human understanding. Ed. Charles W. Hendel. New York: Bobbs-Merrill. (1748) 1955 p. 122123 General Response To Objection To Miracles • Will it always be "wiser" to believe against miracles in practice? • Does this not assume what one needs to prove to be true? • Furthermore to define a miracle as overriding in some sense natural laws is this not imposing prior limits on possible divine action? If God exists, then certainly miracles are possible. For there cannot be an act of God unless there is a God who can act. Conversely, if there is a God who can act, then there can be acts of God. So the only way to show miracles are impossible is to disprove the existence of God. Something that lies beyond the bounds of "Scientific inquiry." Specific Response To Objection To Miracles It is not true that in practice, that the evidence for the general and repeatable is always greater than that for the particular and unrepeatable. Examples from Science: 1. 2. The Big Bang Theory is not based on regular events. The origin of life on earth does not occur regularly. Is the Bible Reliable? Why don't you believe the Bible is as reliable as some of the ancient books written around the same time period from authors like Josephus or Tacitus, or Homer's Illaid? Radical Disbelief Thomas Paine said, "There is no history written at the time Jesus Christ is said to have lived that speaks of the existence of such a person, even as a man." Thomas Pain, Age of Reason, p. 234 Moderate Disbelief Bertrand Russell said, "Historically it is quite doubtful whether Christ ever existed at all, and if he did we do not know anything about him." Bertrand Russell, Why I am not a Christian, p.16 Many Are Questioning The Biblical Story of Jesus The Da Vinci Code The Lost Gospel of Judas The Lost Tomb of Christ Criticism Leveled Against Christians "You say you believe in the Bible because of Jesus, but then you say you believe in Jesus because of the Bible." "Isn't this circular reasoning?" Why Are We Not Arguing In a Circle? I. If God exists, then miracles are possible II.The N.T. documents are historically reliable III.In the NT Jesus claimed to be God IV.Jesus proved to be God by an unprecedented convergence of miracles A. The miracle of fulfilled prophecy B. The miracle of the Resurrection V.Therefore, Jesus was God in human flesh VI.What Jesus (who is God) teaches is true VII.Jesus taught the Bible is the Word of God VIII.Therefore the Bible is the Word of God See Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics by Dr. Norman Geisler for more details, which can be ordered at: www.normgeisler.com Is the Bible Reliable? Possible Questions Behind the Question? 1. How do you know the Bible has been accurately translated from the original? 2. Couldn't they have accurately recorded a bunch of lies? 3. How do we know that the Bible is not just a myth that developed over time? To Discover Whether the Bible is Reliable, You Need M.A.P.S.! (M.A.P.S. was developed by Hank Hanegraaff) • Manuscripts • Archaeology • Prophecy • Statistical Probability Establishing The Case For The Reliability Of The New Testament 1. Are the New Testament Documents a Reliable Record of the Things Jesus Said and Did? Manuscript Evidence Three Tests: Bibliographical External evidence Internal evidence Bibliographical Test It examines the textual transmission by which documents reach us. 1. The number of copies 2. The time interval between the original and the existing copies 3. The degree of accuracy of the copies The Number of Copies Book (X) Copies Gallic Wars 1000 yrs 10 c. 1300 yrs 7 Annals c. 1000 yrs 20 Natural History c. 750 yrs 7 Thucydidies History c. 1300 yrs 8 Herodotus History c. 1350 yrs 8 Iliad c. 400 yrs 643 Author Caesar Plato Tacitus Pliny Homer New Testament 50 yrs 100 yrs 150 yrs 225 yrs 5,686 The Number of Copies There are: • 5,686 hand written Greek N.T. manuscripts • 10,000 Latin Vulgate • 9300 Old Latin, Slavic, Arabic, Anglo Saxon, etc. Other Languages – A total of 24,970 [i] manuscript copies of portions of the New Testament exist today [i] McDowell, The New Evidence That Demands A Verdict P. 34 The Amount of Time Earliest Manuscript Copy Autograph (No longer extant) Modern version X Question: is it better for X to be longer or shorter? The Amount of Time Answer: the SHORTER the time difference (X) between the earliest manuscript copy (EMC) and the original copies (I.e. autographs) the less likely for the earliest manuscript copy to have undergone "additions" and therefore less scribal error. Autograph = 60 AD EMC = 135 AD X = 75 years! Modern version The TimeBook Test Author Caesar Gallic Wars Plato Written Earliest Copy (X) 100 – 44 BC c. 900 AD 1000 yrs 400 BC c. 900 AD c. 1300 yrs c. 1000 yrs c. 750 yrs Tacitus Annals 100 AD c. 1100 AD Pliny Natural History History 61 – 133 AD c. 850 AD 460 – 400 BC 480 – 425 BC 800 BC c. 900 BC c. 400 BC c. 1300 yrs c. 1350 yrs c. 400 yrs 50 – 100 AD c. 114 fragments c. 200 books c. 250 most of NT c. 325 completeNT 25-50 yrs 100 yrs 150 yrs 225 yrs Thucydidie s Herodotus Homer New Testament History Iliad c. 900 AD The Time Interval The N.T. has earlier manuscripts closer to the time of original composition. For example: John Ryland fragment (117-138 A.D.) - one generation Bodmer Papyrus (150-200 A.D. ) - whole books Chester Beatty Papyri (250 A.D.) - most of the N.T. Codex Vaticanus (325-350 A.D.) - nearly all the Bible John Rylands fragment John 18:31-33 - A.D. 117138 – One generation from original • It was carbon-14 dated what some say is 110-150 A.D. • It contains a few verses of the Gospel of John, John 18:31-33 and a second piece, John 18:37-38. • Since it was found in Egypt, which is some distance from the traditional composition in Asia Minor, we can confirm that the gospel of John was written before the end of the first century. The Bodmer Papryus P66, 72, 75. Contains whole books – About 150-200 A.D. pictured here John 1:1 – 14 • P66 contains 104 leaves of John 1:1-6:11; 6:35b-14:26; and fragments of 40 other pages, John 14-21. • P72 is the earliest known copy of Jude, I Pet. and 2 Pet. • P75 contains most of Luke and John. Dated between 175-225 BC. It contains the earliest know copy of Luke. (See Gen Intro. P390) Chester Beatty Papyri (P45, 46, & 47 ) Contains most of the New Testament – A.D. 250 • P45 alone contains all 4 gospels and Acts. • It is located in the Beatty Museum near Dublin. Codex Sinaiticus, 340 AD Contains half of the Old Testament books and all the N.T. except a few verses such as Mark 16:9-20 and Jn. 7:53-8:11. Codex Vaticanus Contains almost the entire Bible old and new - A.D. 325-350 It includes most of the LXX version of the Old Testament and most of the New Testament in Greek. Missing are I Tim. through Philemon, Heb. 9:14 to the end of the N.T. and the General Epistles. Comparing Ancient Manuscripts Author Book Date Written Earliest Copy Gap (yrs.) No. of copies Homer Herodotus Thucydides Plato Demosthenes Caesar Livy Iliad History History 800 B.C. 480-425 B.C. 460-400 B.C. 400 B.C. 300 B.C. 100-44 B.C. 59 B.C.-17AD 400 1,350 1,300 1,300 1,400 1,000 400 1,000 1,000 750 50+ 100 150 225 Gallic Wars Hist. Rome Tacitus Annals 100 A.D. Pliny Secundus Natural History 61-113 A.D. New Testament 50-100 A.D. 400 B.C. 900 A.D. 900 A.D. 900 A.D. 1100 AD. 900 A.D. 4th cent.(partial) 10th Cent. (mostly) 1100 A.D. 850 A.D. 130 A.D. fragment 200 (books) 250 (most of N.T.) 325 (Complete N.T.) 643 8 8 7 200 10 1 partial 19 20 7 5,686 Taken from Josh McDowell,The New Evidence That Demands a Verdict, p. 38 Degree of Accuracy Even with 25 thousand NT manuscripts, they are so close that we are virtually certain of 97% - 98% of the New Testament. Almost ½ are 1 and 2 word variants for spelling, adding "the", etc. None of these affect doctrine. For details: www.Bible Query.org Why does the percentage of variant (97.3%) differ from Metzger's 99.5% "Bruce Metzger was a contributor to Aland et al's Greek Translation of the New Testament. This Greek translation, gives an estimate of the certainty of the translation. In the 4th edition p.3, the letters mean: A - "indicates that the text is certain" B - "indicates that the text is almost certain" C - "indicates that the Committee had difficulty in deciding which variant to place in the text." D - "which occurs only rarely, indicates that the Committee had great difficulty in arriving at a decision." Note that the 3rd edition on p.xii-xiii, has slightly different meanings. A - "virtually certain" B - "some degree of doubt" C - "considerable degree of doubt" D - "very high degree of doubt" The Difference Explained "You arrive at close to the 97.3% figure by including all categories, and the 99.5% figure by only including the C and D categories. The 99.5% figure does not include, for example, many Greek textual variants that were the primary choices the Biblical scholars who translated the NKJV, including the longer ending of Mark, and the pericope of the adulteress in John. Rather than try to say who is right, I simply want to report where trustworthy scholars are not certain or disagree. That is why the 97.3% number all variants except those with extremely obvious conclusions." Steve Morrison, Apologetic Specialist, Meekness and Truth Ministries Almost all agree - at least 95% accurate… The well-known New Testament scholar Bruce Metzger estimated that the Mahabharata of Hinduism is copied with only about 90 percent accuracy and Homer's Iliad with about 95 percent.[1] By comparison there is only 5% of the New Testament that most Biblical scholars disagree on whether liberal or conservative.[2] With the work of textual criticism it is fair to say that we can be certain of between 97% and 98% of the New Testament words. However, this does not give the full picture because almost one half of the errors consist of one and two word variants in spelling, [1]See F. F. . Bruce, The New Testament Documents: Are they reliable as cited by N. Geisler, B.E.C.A., 533. [2]Keith Elliot and Ian Moir in Manuscripts and the Text of the New Testament: An Introduction for English Readers. (Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1995), page 8 says "Most modern textual critics can agree on the bulk of the text (some 95 per cent of it, perhaps). It is the remaining 5 per cent or so where disputes occur and differing conclusions may be found." Degree of Accuracy "If Comparative trivialities such as changes of order, the insertion or omission of the the article with proper names, and the like are set aside, the words in our opinion still subject to doubt can hardly amount to more than a thousandth part of the New Testament." B.F. Westcott and F.J.A. Hort, The New Testament in the Original Greek, Vol. 1, p.2 Degree of Accuracy A. T. Robertson suggests that the real concern of textual criticism is of a "thousandth part of the entire text." A. T. Robertons, An Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament, 1925, p. 22 Understanding the Issue or Errors "Of course with many manuscripts come variations, especially when numerous church fathers paraphrased or attempted to recall a verse from memory. These variations fall into four categories. The first category includes spelling and nonsense readings probably due to circumstances such as a tired scribe writing by candlelight. Seventy percent or more of all manuscript variations fall in this category. The second largest category includes synonyms but where the meaning is unchanged. For example, "Jesus Christ" appears in the text instead of "Christ Jesus." The third category includes variations in the text that affect meaning but are not found in manuscripts that carry much weight. The fourth category, and by far the smallest, includes variations that affect meaning and are found in decent manuscripts. This fourth category is at best only one percent and it does not impact any major Christian doctrine." Mike Licona FIRST-PERSON: Is our Bible what originally was written? http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?ID=23278 Understanding the Issue or Errors "However, scholars are still usually able to weigh that manuscript against other manuscripts that may be better. Other guidelines are likewise employed in order to arrive at what probably was written in the original. In some cases confidence is not very high. But remember that these instances are rare and they do not change major Christian doctrines. In the end, even many of today's skeptical scholars would agree that the text of the New Testament we have today is at least 99 percent exact to what originally was written. Only one percent remains in question and no major Christian doctrine is affected. Therefore, today's Christian can have absolute confidence that the New Testament they read and revere can be relied on as much today as it was in the first century." --30– Mike Licona FIRST-PERSON: Is our Bible what originally was written? http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?ID=23278 How do we know what the original said? (Rom. 3:26) ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT COPY 1 COPY 2 COPY 3 COPY 4 Copy 1: God is #ust and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Copy 2: God is j#st and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Copy 3: God is ju#t and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Copy 4: God is jus# and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Original: God is just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Note: The NT Documents have far fewer variations than this example. And if you received this message, you would have no doubt! "Y#U HAVE WON TEN MILLION DOLLARS" "YO# HAVE WON TEN MILLION DOLLARS" "YOU #AVE WON TEN MILLION DOLLARS" Note: 1. Even with mistakes, 100% of the message comes through. 2. Even though there are different kinds of errors, we still can be sure of the overall message. 3. The Bible has many less errors in copies than this. "The works of several ancient authors are preserved to us by the thinnest possible thread of transmission …in contrast …the textual critic of the New Testament is embarrassed by the wealth of his material." Bruce Metzger "To be skeptical of the resultant text of the New Testament books is to allow all of classical antiquity to slip into obscurity, for no document of the ancient period are as well attested bibliographically as the New Testament." John Warwick Montgomery External Evidence Test • It determines whether other Historical material confirms or denies the internal testimony of the document • The test asks: what sources are there, apart from the documents under analysis, that substantiate its accuracy, reliability and authenticity Extra-Biblical Christian Sources Quotations from early Church Fathers concerning the New Testament Writer Justin Martyr Irenaeus Clement (Alex) Origen Tertullian Hippolytus Eusebius Grand Totals Gospels Acts Pauline General Revelation Totals 268 10 43 6 3 330 1,038 194 499 23 65 1,819 1,107 44 1,127 207 11 2,406 9,231 349 7,778 399 165 17,992 3,822 502 2,609 120 205 7,258 734 42 387 27 188 1,378 3,258 211 1,592 88 27 5,176 19,368 1,352 14,035 870 664 36,289 Taken from Josh McDowell,The New Evidence That Demands a Verdict, p. 43 External Evidence Test "Indeed so extensive are these citations that if all other sources for our knowledge of the text of the New Testament were destroyed, they would be sufficient alone for the reconstruction of practically the entire New Testament." Bruce Metzger, The Text of the New Testament, p. 86 Extra-Biblical Secular Sources Writer Cornellius Tacitus Lucian Flavius Suetonius Date 112 Subject Death of Jesus at the hands of Pilate 2nd cent. 66 120 Pliny Thallus 112 52 Philegon Mara BarSerapion 1st cent. 73 The new cult of Christianity Life/Death of Jesus Josephus Christ-The reason for Jews expulsion from Rome Christians bound not to sin - Jesus Histories-Darkness at Christ's death (eclipse) Darkness=Eclipse Calamities brought by deaths. Socrates, Pythagorus, and Jesus Flavius Josephus Jewish historian AD 37-101 Roman Source: Josephus Josephus says, "At this time there was a wise man who was called Jesus. And his conduct was good and (he) was known to be virtuous. And many people from among the Jews and other nations became his disciples. Pilate condemned him to be crucified and to die. And those who had become his disciples did not abandon his discipleship. They reported that he had appeared to them three days after his crucifixion and that he was alive; accordingly He was perhaps the Messiah concerning whom the prophets have recounted wonders." As cited in Josh McDowell, Evidence that Demands a Verdict, p. 85 (Arabic text, 10th Cent.) The Significance of Josephus The significance of this passage by Josephus: • Makes reference to Jesus' claim to be the Christ • Speak of His miracles • Points out that people perceived Jesus' teachings as the truth • Indicates the historicity of Pilate and the event of the cross • Records the claim by His disciples that Jesus was resurrected • Documents that Jesus had many converts The Talmud Jewish reference Jewish Source: The Talmud "On the eve of Passover Yeshua was hanged. For forty days before the execution took place, a herald went forth and cried, 'he is going to be stoned because he has practiced sorcery and enticed Israel to apostasy. Any one who can say anything in his favor, let him come forward and plead on his behalf.' But since nothing was brought forward in his favor he was hanged on the eve of the Passover." The Talmud, Sanhedrin, 43a (cf. John 11:8, 16) The Significance of the Talmud The significance of Jewish writings about Jesus: • Confirms the historicity of Jesus' life. • Confirms His death by the method of crucifixion (The Jewish method of execution would have been stoning) • Indicates that Jesus did do miraculous things but attributed his power to the devil (similar to Mark 3:22; Matt. 9:34; 12:24) • Indicated that Jesus gathered many converts from the Jewish community Story of Jesus from secular writers "Jesus lived during the time of Tiberius Caesar. He lived a virtuous life. He was a wonder worker. He had a brother named James. He claimed to be the Messiah. He was crucified under Pontius Pilate. An eclipse and an earthquake occurred when he died. He was crucified on the eve of the Jewish Passover. His disciples believed that he rose from the dead. His disciples were willing to die for their belief. Christianity spread rapidly as far as Rome. His disciples denied the Roman gods and worshiped Jesus as God." Taken from Dr. Norman Geisler's PowerPoint lecture "Twelve Points that Prove Christianity is True" (Order the CD at www.normgeisler.com) Accuracy Established Conclusion from bibliographical and external evidence test "The interval then between the dates of the original composition and the earliest extant evidence becomes so small as to be in fact negligible, and the last foundation for any doubt that the Scriptures have come down to us substantially as they were written has now now been removed. Both the authenticity and the general integrity of the books of the New Testament may be regarded as finally established." Sir Frederic Kenyon, The Bible and Archaeology, p. 288 So, the New Testament Documents Have Been Reliably Copied! 2. How do we know that we don't have a bunch of accurately copied documents by a bunch of liars? Manuscript Evidence Three Tests: Bibliographical External evidence Internal evidence Internal Evidence Test • Determines whether the written record is credible or to what extent • Attempts to gauge the authors ability to tell the truth Criteria for Establishing Credibility Internal Evidence Test David Hume's criteria for testing the credibility of witnesses: 1. Do the witnesses contradict each other? 2. Are there a sufficient number of witnesses? 3. Were the witnesses truthful? 4. Were they non-prejudicial? David Hume, Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, p. 120 Internal Evidence Test 1 1. The witnesses did not contradict each other. To be sure, there are minor discrepancies: • One account (Matt. 28:5) mentions only one angel at the tomb. • John says there were two angels at the tomb (John 20:12). • Minor discrepancies in testimony can actually demonstrate the credibility of the witnesses. What do we do with discrepancies? Matthew (27:5): Judas "hanged himself." Acts (1:18): "... falling headlong, he burst open in the middle and all his entrails gushed out." Resolution: "Sometime after hanging himself, his body was discovered, the rope cut, and the body fell on sharp rocks and burst open." Dr. Norman Geisler Internal Evidence Test 2 2. There was a sufficient number of witnesses. • There are nine different people who wrote the N.T., all of whom were eye witnesses or contemporary to the events they recorded. Six of them are most important to establishing Jesus' claim of miracles (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, and 1 Corinthians). • All of these books bear witness to the miracle of the Resurrection. • In 1 Cor. 15, Paul mentions there were 500 people who saw Jesus after the Resurrection. Internal Evidence Test 3 3. The witnesses were truthful. • Most of them even died for what they taught about Christ (2 Timothy 4:6-8; 2 Peter 1:14). Internal Evidence Test 4 4. The witnesses were non-prejudicial? Jesus not only appeared to believers; He also appeared to unbelievers like James. (John 7:5;1 Cor. 15:7) He appeared to the greatest unbeliever of the day—a Jewish Pharisee named Saul of Tarsus. (Acts 9:5) Internal Evidence Test 4 (cont.) • The witnesses to the resurrection had nothing to gain personally. – They were persecuted and threatened with death for their stand. (cf. Acts 4, 5, 8) • The witnesses wrote things that didn't necessary reflect favorable on them or their cause. – Disciples arguing about positions of honor in heaven; who would have a seat at Jesus right hand (Mt. 20: 21) – Peter not eating with those who were uncircumcised (Gal. 2:11-12) – Women found the tomb empty first (Mt. 28:7-8; Mark 16:5-6; Luke 24:3; Jn. 20:1-2) – Jesus calling Peter Satan (Mt. 16:23) Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth Taken from "I Don't Have Enough Faith To Be An Atheist, by N. Geisler & F. Turek pp. 275-297 1. Left in embarrassing details about themselves. – Multiple times there was no understanding in what Jesus taught (Mark 9:23, Luke 18:34, John 12:16). – They are rebuked – Peter was called Satan by Jesus Himself (Mark 8:33), and Paul rebuked Peter for being incorrect on doctrinal issues (Galatians 2:11). – They were doubters – some even doubted after seeing the resurrected Christ (Mathew 28:17). – People that are trying to pass off a story would not diminish their character while building their case. Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth 2. Included embarrassing and difficult sayings about Jesus: – Considered "out of His mind" by His mother and brother (Mark 3:21). – Is called a "drunkard" (Mathew 11:19). – Is called "demon possessed" (Mark 3:22). – Is called a "madman" (John 10:20). Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth 3. Left in demanding sayings of Jesus. – Matthew 5:28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart. – Matthew 5:48 Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect. – Matthew 5:44. 45 You have heard that it was said, 'Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' But I tell you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth 4. Carefully distinguished Jesus words from their own. – Points to the fact Jesus said what was recorded since the New Testament writers could have easily avoided difficult theological issues. • For example, Paul explicitly distinguished his own words from Jesus' words (1 Cor. 7:10-12) • They writers of the N.T. did not put into the mouth of Jesus answers to controversial issues like, circumcision, speaking in tongues, women in the church and etc.. Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth 5. Described multiple events about the resurrection that they would not have included if they were trying to pass off a lie. – Joseph of Arimathea buried Jesus who was a member of the Sanhedrin, which was the Jewish ruling counsel that had sentenced Jesus to die for blasphemy. If Joseph did not bury Jesus the story would have been easily exposed by the Jews that opposed Christianity. – The eyewitnesses to the empty tomb were women. Women were not considered reliable witnesses and their testimony of events carried no weight in a court of law. Including women as the first witnesses to the resurrected Christ would only have hurt their case if they were trying to pass off a lie. Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth – Mathew recorded the Jews fabrication of the resurrection • – Matthew 28:11-15 While the women were on their way, some of the guards went into the city and reported to the chief priests everything that had happened. When the chief priests had met with the elders and devised a plan, they gave the soldiers a large sum of money, telling them, "You are to say, 'His disciples came during the night and stole him away while we were asleep.' If this report gets to the governor, we will satisfy him and keep you out of trouble." So the soldiers took the money and did as they were instructed. And this story has been widely circulated among the Jews to this very day. The Jews would have easily known if this recording was the truth or a lie and the recording could have been easily contested. If Matthew had made up the empty tomb story why would he have given his readers such an easy way to expose a lie? The only possible explanation is that the tomb was empty and Jesus resurrected. Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth 6. Over 30 historically confirmed people were referenced. • Several things were recorded of people that were in great power (Pilate, Caiaphas, Festus, Felix, and etc.) • There is no way possible that the New Testament writers could have gotten away with writing blatant lies about Pilate, Caiaphas, Festus, Felix and the entire Herodian blood line. Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth 7. Included divergent details – Divergent details show that the New Testament writers did not get together and try to smooth out their testimonies. • Matthew 27:44 - Did both robbers insult Christ, or did only one do this? • Problem: Matthew says here, "the robbers who were crucified with Him also heaped insults on Him." However, according to Luke, only one insulted Him (Luke 23:39) while the other one believed in Him, asking, "Lord, remember me when You come into Your kingdom" (Luke 23:42). Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth 7. Included divergent details – Solution: This difficulty is easily resolved on the supposition that at first both insulted the Lord, but that later one repented. Perhaps, he was so impressed hearing Jesus forgive those who crucified Him (Luke 23:34) that he was convinced that Jesus was the Savior and asked to be part of His coming kingdom (v. 42).[i] [i]Geisler, N. L., & T. A. Howe. When Critics Ask : A Popular Handbook on Bible Difficulties. Wheaton, Ill.: Victor Books, 1992. Page 362. – There are multiple complementary recordings. Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth 8. Appealed to verifiable facts, even facts on miracles. – 2 Corinthians 12:12 The things that mark an apostle—signs, wonders and miracles—were done among you with great perseverance. – Miracles were done among the people showing and proving eye witness accounts. – 1 Corinthians 15:6 After that, he appeared to more than five hundred of the brothers at the same time, most of whom are still living, though some have fallen asleep. – People who were still alive at this time could have easily dismantled this if it were untrue. Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth 9. Described miracles like other historical events, with simple unembellished accounts. /Example of embellishment - Apocryphal forgery known as the Gospel of Peter Early in the morning, as the Sabbath dawned, there came a large crowd from Jerusalem and the surrounding areas to see the sealed tomb. But during the night before the Lord's day dawned, as the soldiers were keeping guard two by two in every watch, there came a great sound in the sky, and they saw the heavens opened and two men descend shining with a great light, and they drew near to the tomb. The stone which had been set on the door rolled away by itself and moved to one side, and the tomb was opened and both of the young men went in. Example of embellishment - Apocryphal forgery known as the Gospel of Peter "Now when these soldiers saw that, they woke up the centurion and the elders (for they also were there keeping watch). While they were yet telling them the things which they had seen, they saw there men come out of the tomb, two of them sustaining the other one, and a cross following after them. The head of the two they saw had heads that reached up to heaven. And they heard a voice out of the heavens saying 'Have you preached unto them that sleep?' The answer that was heard from the cross was, 'Yes!'" Ten reasons that the New Testament writers told the truth 10. Abandoned their long-held sacred beliefs and practices, adapted new ones, and did not deny their testimony under persecution or facing death. – – – – Animal sacrifice was replaced by Christ the perfect sacrifice. The Sabbath was replaced by Sunday worship. Circumcision was replaced by baptism and communion. After the disciples had witnessed the resurrected Christ they came out of their hiding and preached the gospel and most died martyr's death. Did the Writers Use Primary Sources? Luke 1:1-4 says, "In as much as many have undertaken to compile an account of the things accomplished among us, just as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word have handed down to us, it seemed fitting for me as well, having investigated everything carefully from the beginning, to write [it] out for you in consecutive order, most excellent Theophilus; so that you might know the exact truth about the things you have been taught." Did the Writers Use Primary Sources? • 2 Pet. 1:16 says, "For we did not follow cleverly devised tales when we make known to you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eyewitnesses of His Majesty." • I John 1:3 says, "What we have seen and heard we proclaim to you also, that you also may have fellowship with us; and indeed our fellowship is with the Father, and with His Son Jesus Christ." Did the Writers Use Primary Sources? • John 19: 35 says, "And he who has seen has borne witness, and his witness is true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also may believe." Archaeology The Testimony of the Stones 1. 2. No archaeological evidence has ever refuted the Bible. Thousands of archaeological finds support the Bible. • Sir William Ramsey in the late 19th set out to prove that the Bible was a fairy tale. • After 30 years of in-depth archaeology in Asia Minor and the Middle East, he came to the exact opposite. • The academic world was shocked! Expecting historical proof against the Bible, it was confronted with strong confirmation of the Bible's accuracy! • Sir William Ramsey called Luke a historian of the first rank and converted to Christianity based on his findings. "I began with a mind unfavorable to it (Acts), for the ingenuity and apparent completeness of the tubingen theory had at one time quite convince me. It did not lie then in my line of life to investigate the subject minutely; but more recently I found myself often brought in contact with the book of Acts as an authority for the topography, antiquities, and society of Asia Minor. It was gradually borne in upon me that in various details the narrative showed marvelous truth." Sir Wm. Ramsay, St. Paul the Traveler and the Roman Citizen, p. 8 The Pool of Bethesda In John 5:1-15 Jesus healed a man at the Pool of Bethesda In John 5:1-15 Jesus heals a ma at the Pool of Bethesda. Five porticoes were discovered Forty feet underground, archaeologists discovered pools matches John's description. [i] [i]Youngblood, R. F., F. F. Bruce, R. K. Harrison, & Thomas Nelson Publishers. Nelson's New Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Nashville: T. Nelson, 1995. The Pool of Siloam In 9:7 John mentions another long disputed site, the Pool of Siloam. However, this pool was also discovered in 1897, upholding the accuracy of John. Ossuary of Joseph Caiaphas: High Priest 18-36 A.D. (Discovered 1990) Archaeological Evidence • 1993 - Egyptologists found inscriptions on a monolith that had "House of David" and "King of Israel" written on it. • Until 1993 there was no proof of the existence of King David or even of Israel as a nation prior to Solomon outside of the Bible. "Pontius Pilate Prefect of Judea" 26-37 A.D. (Discovered 1961) What Are The Dead Sea Scrolls and Why are They Important? • In 1947 – A bedouin shepherd boy discovered scrolls in cave at Qumran (about eight miles south of Jericho) • The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls affirms the historical reliability of the Old Testament. • They represent 1100 ancient manuscripts and more than 100,000 fragments • They were written primarily in Hebrew and Aramaic, written by the Essences. The Dead Sea Scrolls • The Dead Sea Scrolls demonstrated the meticulous care in recording the manuscripts for Jews. • The Dead Sea scrolls attest to textual accuracy The Significance of the Dead Sea Scroll discoveries? The earliest manuscripts up until the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls was the Cairo codex dated about A.D. 895 containing both the latter and former prophets. The Dead Sea Scrolls date from the third century B.C. to the first century A.D. Isaiah 53 in the Great Isaiah Scroll (A Dead Sea Scroll from 100 B.C.) The Significance of the Dead Sea Scroll discoveries? Massoretic Text of Isaiah 916 A.D. Dead Sea Scrolls text of Isaiah 125 B.C Isaiah 53 has 166 words words in question=1 Total variation= < 5% I A Survey of Old Testament Introduction, p.19 Gleason Archer, Jr. Significance of the Dead Sea Scrolls? Most complete OT Manuscript DSS ~ 1000 years! BC 125 AD 900 The Significance of the Dead Sea Scroll discoveries? The two copies of Isaiah found in the Qumran caves, "proved to be word for word identical with our standard Hebrew Bible in more than 95% of the text. The 5% of variation consisted chiefly of obvious slips of the pen and variations in spelling." A Survey of Old Testament Introduction, p.19 Gleason Archer, Jr. A Reporters Conclusion Archaeology (N.T.) "In extraordinary ways, modern archeology has affirmed the historical core of the Old and New Testaments--corroborating key portions of the stories of Israel's patriarchs, the Exodus, the Davidic monarchy, the life and times of Jesus." Jeffrey Shelter, Is the Bible True?, US News and World Report, Oct. 25, 1999, p. 52 Conclusions of a Respected Archaeologist (cont.) "We can say emphatically that there is no longer any solid basis for dating any book of the New Testament after about A.D. 80, two full generations before the date between 130-150 given by the more radical New Testament critics of today." Albright, Recent Discoveries in the Bible Lands, p. 136 Archaeology O.T. "The geography of Bible lands and visible remains of antiquity were gradually recorded until today more than 25,000 sites within this region and dating to Old Testament times, in their broadest sense, have been located…" Wiseman, "Archaeological Confirmation of the Old Testament" in C.F. Henry, Revelation and the Bible, 301-302 As the famous archaeologist, Nelson Glueck, once said, "it may be stated categorically that no archaeological discovery has ever controverted a biblical reference. Scores of archaeological findings have been made which confirm in clear outline or exact detail historical statements in the Bible." (Rivers in the Desert, pg. 31, 1959) 3. How do we know that the Bible is not just a myth that developed over time? NT Timeline C r o s s 30 C r e e d 1 C o r. 40 50 Mark A c t s J a m e s P a u l 60 Luke Rom, 2 Cor, Gal Most or all NT Age of Eyewitnesses T e m p l e 70 Conclusions of a Respected Archaeologist Couldn't the stories about Jesus be a myth that was invented over a period of time? "Rephrasing the question, I would answer that, in my opinion, every book of the New Testament was written by a baptized Jew between the forties and the eighties of the first century A.D. (very probably sometime between about 50 and 75 A.D." Wm. F. Albright, Toward a More Conservative View, Christianity Today, Jan., 1963, p. 359 Liberal Dating Couldn't the stories about Jesus be a myth that was invented over a period of time? • • • • • • • I Corinthians Mark Matthew Luke Jude Acts John Spring 55 45-60 AD 40-60 AD 57-60 AD 61-62 AD 57-62 AD 40-65 AD John A. T. Robinson, Redating the New Testament, p. 352 An Historian Weighs In • Roman Historian, A.N. Sherwin-White says, "For Acts the confirmation of historicity is overwhelming… Any attempt to reject its basic historicity must now appear absurd. Roman historians have long taken it for granted." A. N. Sherwin-White, Roman Society and Roman Law in the New Testament, p. 189 A Scholar's Observation • Williams Lane Craig says, "The tests show that even two generations is too short to allow legendary tendencies to wipe out the hard core of historical facts." William Lane Craig, The Son Rises, p. 101 Establishing the Case For Miracles and the Bible Sessions 15-17 (of 19) www.meeknessandtruth.org