text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 29, 1994
|Filing date
|Jun 25, 1992
|Priority date
|Jun 25, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Joseph A. Wysocki, Michael R. Vince, Stephen W. McCahon, John T. Kenna
|Original Assignee
|Hughes Aircraft Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (28), Classifications (14), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to optical fibers, and, more particularly, to the splicing of two lengths of optical fibers to form a single spliced optical fiber.
Optical fibers are strands of glass fiber processed so that light beams transmitted through the glass fiber are subject to total internal reflection. A large fraction of the incident intensity of light directed into the fiber is received at the other end of the fiber, even though the fiber may be hundreds or thousands of meters long. Optical fibers have shown great promise in communications applications, because a high density of information may be carried along the fiber. Also, the quality of the signal is less subject to external interferences of various types than are electrical signals carried on metallic wires. Moreover, the glass fibers are light in weight and made from highly plentiful substances, such as silicon dioxide.
Glass fibers are typically fabricated by preparing a cylindrical preform of glasses of two different optical indices of refraction, with a core of one glass inside a casing of a glass of slightly lower refractive index, and then processing the preform to a fiber by drawing or extruding. The optical fiber is coated with a polymer layer termed a buffer to protect the glass from scratching or other damage. The optical fibers and the buffers may be made with varying dimensions, depending upon their intended use and the manufacturer. As an example of the dimensions, in one configuration the diameter of the glass optical fiber is about 0.002-0.005 inches, and the diameter of the optical fiber plus the buffer layer is about twice the optical fiber diameter.
For some applications the optical fiber must be many kilometers long and must have a high degree of optical perfection and strength over that entire length. Preparation of an optical fiber of that length having no defects is difficult. It is therefore desirable to have the capability to splice two shorter lengths of optical fiber together to form a longer optical fiber. The need to splice optical fibers also arises when it is necessary to use a length longer than can be made from a single preform, when an existing length of fiber breaks, or when apparatus such as an amplifier is to be incorporated into a length of fiber.
The optical fiber splice must be accomplished so that there is no significant increase in loss of light in the vicinity of the splice. The spliced fiber must also have a sufficiently high strength to withstand handling in operations such as winding under tension onto a bobbin, or unwinding from the bobbin at high rates. Additionally, it must be possible to restore the buffer layer initially on the fibers being spliced.
A number of techniques for splicing optical fibers are known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,263,495 depicts the use of a laser to heat and fuse the ends of two opposed optical fibers. In this approach, the laser beam may be directed either perpendicular to the optical fibers, or parallel to the optical fibers and reflected to a focal point by a mirror. As such techniques were applied, they were observed to produce splices that were lacking in strength and reproducibility. As a response, automated optical fiber splicing control systems such as that of U.S. Pat. No. 5,016,971 were developed. The automated approach of U.S. Pat. No. 5,016,971 has significantly improved the ability to splice optical fibers in a reproducible manner. However, there remains the opportunity for improving the strength, optical characteristics, and reproducibility of optical fiber splices.
Therefore, there is a continuing need for an improved method for splicing optical fibers. The improved technique should produce spliced optical fibers of acceptable strength and optical performance, and have the ability to provide a continuous buffer coating over the spliced region. The splicing method should be amenable to accomplishing large numbers of splices in a reproducible manner. The present invention fulfills this need, and further provides related advantages.
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for grasping and splicing lengths of optical fiber together to form a single spliced length. High quality splices having little loss of light and little loss of strength due to the presence of the splice are produced. Equally importantly, the splicing method and apparatus are automatically controlled and yield highly reproducible results when applied in a setting where large numbers of splices must be made on a routine basis.
In accordance with the invention, an optical fiber fusion splicer comprises means for supporting two optical fibers with their ends in an aligned facing relation along an axis and means for heating the two optical fibers uniformly around their circumferences at their facing ends. The apparatus further includes means for controlling the power input to the means for heating so as to heat the optical fibers at their facing ends with the minimum power sufficient to fuse the facing ends. The combination of precisely positioning the ends of the optical fibers, circumferentially evenly heating the ends being spliced, and utilizing a minimum required power to fuse the optical fibers produces excellent quality and reproducibility of the optical fiber splices.
In one embodiment, the heating source is a laser power source that includes a laser, a shutter that controllably blocks and passes the laser beam, a parabolic mirror whose axis is parallel to the axis of the optical fibers, and an optical system that expands the diameter of the laser beam before it reaches the parabolic mirror. The laser is preferably a carbon dioxide laser whose output power is monitored and used for control purposes. There is also preferably a sensor that measures the power of the beam reaching the opticaL fiber ends being spliced, such as an optical detector that measures the change in luminescence at the optical fiber ends being spliced. A controller adjusts the beam power responsive to one or both of the sensors. The power level of the laser is determined in a series of calibration tests to be the minimum power required to accomplish the fusion splicing. Once this power level is determined, the same conditions are used in subsequent splices of similar optical fiber lengths.
The means for supporting the optical fibers preferably includes a first optical fiber clamp positioned between the laser and the parabolic mirror, as measured along the beam axis, and a second optical fiber clamp positioned further from the laser than the parabolic mirror, as measured along the laser beam axis. The parabolic mirror includes a bore therethrough coincident with the beam axis. Each of the optical fiber lengths whose ends are to be fused and spliced is supported in one of the optical fiber clamps, coincident with the laser beam axis. The first optical fiber clamp is mounted on a controllable 3-axis manipulator stage that permits the optical fiber end to be spliced to be positioned very precisely relative to the other end, which is held fixed in a location protruding through the bore of the parabolic mirror to the focus of the mirror.
The optical fibers are monitored and positioned responsively using the 3-axis manipulator stage. Two monitoring techniques are used. In one, a video image of the sides of the optical fibers is obtained with a video camera. The image may be viewed on a monitor and the manipulator stage moved responsively. Preferably, the image is processed with pattern recognition techniques to recognize the peripheries of the optical fibers. The stage is automatically moved responsively to align the peripheries prior to splicing. In a second technique, an optical time domain reflectometer is used to measure light reflected from defects and surfaces within the optical fibers. The stage is automatically moved responsively to minimize the reflected light, thus maximizing light transmission.
The present invention also provides a design for the optical fiber clamps that achieves secure clamping and holding of the optical fiber while not stressing the optical fiber. The clamp includes a support base having a slot therein radially dimensioned to conform to the outer buffer surface of the optical fiber, and a retainer that slides into the slot with a lower end dimensioned to conform to the outer buffer surface of the optical fiber. The optical fiber to be held is inserted into the slot, and the retainer is thereafter inserted into the slot to hold the optical fiber securely. The slot is precisely located to the outer surface of the clamp to permit the optical fiber to be positioned exactly and reproducibly. A cooperating clamp holder allows the optical fiber to be moved from place-to-place, and also from apparatus-to-apparatus, while retained within the clamp. Consequently, there is little likelihood that the optical fiber can be damaged while held and moved in the clamp.
After the splicing of the glass optical fibers is complete using the approach of the invention, the spliced optical fibers must be recoated with buffer material. The first important consideration in recoating the now-spliced optical fiber is to move the optical fiber from the laser fusion apparatus to a recoating unit. Experience has shown that the removal of the optical fiber from the clamps and movement to the recoating unit can result in damage to or breakage of the optical fiber in the splice region, inasmuch as it is not protected by a buffer layer at that time. The present invention therefore provides a clamp holder that grasps the two optical fiber clamps and allows them and the spliced optical fiber lengths to be moved as a rigid unit to the recoating apparatus. The result of using this clamp holder, which is also usable in other contexts for moving aligned and/or spliced optical fibers, is substantially improved reliability of the splicing and recoating operation.
The present invention provides an important advance in the art of optical fiber splicing technology. The approach is highly controllable and reproducible, because the pre-fusion alignment and laser fusion operations are controlled responsive to automated measurements of the apparatus. The controller, not an operator, determines the alignment and fusion conditions, and the coaxial design ensures circumferentially even heating of the optical fiber ends as they are fused. Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an optical fiber;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the optical fiber splicing apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the parabolic mirror with optical fiber lengths in position for splicing;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the optical fiber clamp holding an optical fiber;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the optical fiber clamp holder;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the recoating apparatus; and
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a split mold for recoating the optical fiber with buffer material, with interior features in phantom lines.
FIG. 1 depicts a generally cylindrical optical fiber 10, having a core 12 of a glass of a selected refractive index and a casing 14 of a glass having a slightly lower refractive index. The glass used in the core 12 and the casing 14 are of slightly different compositions, and are in most cases silicon dioxide-based glasses. A buffer coating 16 of a polymer material such as a UV curable acrylate surrounds the optical fiber 10. By way of illustration and not limitation, for a typical fiber the cylindrical diameter of the optical fiber 10 (that is, the outer diameter of the casing 14) is about 0.002-0.005 inches, and the cylindrical diameter of the buffer coating is about twice that of the optical fiber 10, or about 0.004-0.010 inches. The preferred embodiment of the present invention deals with splicing two of such optical fibers 10 in an end-to-end manner, and not the particular structure or materials of construction of the optical fibers and buffer coating, and is not so limited.
FIG. 2 depicts a laser fusion apparatus 20. A laser 22, preferably a carbon dioxide laser, produces a laser beam 24 directed along a beam axis 26. The laser beam 24 first passes through a controllable shutter 28 and then through a beam expander 30 that produces an output laser beam 32 coaxial with the beam axis 26 but of expanded diameter as compared with the laser beam 24.
A parabolic mirror 34, depicted in greater detail in FIG. 3 and having a reflecting surface 36 which is a parabolic surface of revolution or paraboloid, is positioned so that its parabolic axis is coincident with the beam axis 26. The expanded laser beam 32 is also coincident with the beam axis 26, so that the laser beam 32 reflects from the parabolic reflecting surface 36 through a focal point 38 of the parabolic mirror 34. As depicted by the ray paths of FIG. 3. This arrangement, together with the coaxial alignment and positioning of the ends of the optical fibers during splicing, ensures circumferentially even heating of the ends of the optical fibers during the splicing operation.
A first length of optical fiber 40 to be spliced, from which the buffer layer 16 has been removed, is supported in a first clamp 42. The first clamp 42 positions the first length of optical fiber 40 between the laser 22 and the mirror 34 coincident with the beam axis 26. A second length of optical fiber 44 to be spliced, from which the buffer layer 16 has been removed, is supported in a second clamp 46. The second clamp 46 positions the second length of optical fiber 44 coincident with the beam axis 26 but further from the laser 22 than the mirror 34 along the beam axis 26. The mirror 34 has a bore 48 therethrough, coincident with the beam axis 26, of sufficient diameter so that the second length of optical fiber 44 can pass therethrough. The bore 48 preferably has two diameters, a smaller diameter near the parabolic surface through which the optical fiber 44 (with no buffer coating) slides, and a larger diameter which receives the second clamp 46, as shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively, the second clamp 46 may be supported independently of the mirror 34, as shown in FIG. 2. In the preferred embodiment, the parabolic mirror 34 is hinged along its centerline, to permit the mirror 34 to be assembled over the second length of optical fiber 44 held in the second clamp 46.
The clamps 42 and 46 are designed to firmly but gently grasp the buffer coating around a length of optical fiber in a manner such that the optical fiber can be readily positioned along the beam axis and also moved into the proper splicing position relative to the parabolic mirror. A preferred form of the clamps 42 and 46 is shown in FIG. 4. The clamp 42, 46 includes a elongated base 50 with a cylindrical outer surface 51 and a radial slot 52 extending along the cylindrical axis of the base 50. A lower end 54 of the slot 52 is concavely curved with a radius of curvature of about that of the radius of the buffer layer 16 of the optical fiber 40, 44, and preferably just slightly larger than that of the buffer layer 16 of the optical fiber 40, 44 to be grasped in the clamp. The lower end 54 is generally concentric with the outer surface 51, and is precisely positioned relative to the outer surface 51 of the clamp.
The clamp 42, 46 further includes a retainer 56 with a tongue 58 dimensioned to closely fit within the slot 52 when the retainer 56 is assembled to the base 50 by sliding the tongue 58 into the slot 52. A lower end 60 of the tongue 58 is concavely curved with a radius of curvature about that of the optical fiber 40, 44, and preferably just slightly larger than that of the buffer of the optical fiber 40, 44 to be grasped in the clamp 42, 46. When the clamp is assembled with an optical fiber captured between the lower end 54 of the slot 52 and the lower end 60 of the tongue 58, an outer surface 61 of the retainer 56 is flush with the outer surface 51 of the base 50, so that the outer surfaces 51 and 61 cooperate to form a continuous surface that can be readily grasped. In the preferred form, the outer surfaces 51 and 61 form a generally continuous cylindrical surface when the retainer 56 is assembled to the base 50, with an optical fiber captured between the lower end 54 of the slot 52 and the lower end 60 of the tongue 58.
To grasp an optical fiber 40, 44 in the clamp 42, 46, the retainer 56 is disassembled from the base 50. The optical fiber 40, 44 is placed into the slot 52. The retainer 56 is then assembled to the base 50 by sliding the tongue 58 into the slot 52. The tongue 58 slides downwardly until the lower end 60 of the tongue 58 contacts the buffer of the optical fiber 40, 44, forcing it downwardly to contact the lower end 54 of the slot 52. The optical fiber is thereby held firmly but gently so that it may be positioned as required, in this case along the beam axis. The cooperation between the lower ends 54 and 60 holds the optical fiber at a precisely known position relative to the outer surfaces 51 and 61, permitting the optical fiber to be precisely positioned relative to the outer surfaces 51 and 61. The clamping force may be controlled by adjusting the pressure against the surface 61 of the retainer 56.
The clamp of the present approach offers important advantages over prior clamping techniques for optical fibers such as grooved blocks and magnetic chucks. The optical fiber may be precisely positioned relative to an externally grasped surface. The clamp is compact, easy to use, and does not require external connections such as a vacuum line. The absence of an external support connection is important, because such hook-ups limit the ease of movement of vacuum-type clamps. In the present clamp, the optical fiber is grasped firmly, so that it cannot move either radially or axially in the clamp. This one clamp can therefore be used for a variety of applications and situations, with the optical fiber held securely within the clamp. The optical fiber is inserted into the clamp, and then the clamp is moved from place to place using a clamp holder to be discussed subsequently. There is little likelihood that the optical fiber will be damaged by bending, twisting, or scratching while held in the clamp.
By contrast, in prior approaches the optical fiber was typically held by different clamps at each stage of the process, each clamp being tailored for its particular stage of the process. While each of the clamps might be effective, there was a risk that the optical fiber could be damaged as it was moved from clamp to clamp between operations. This risk is avoided with the present approach, as the optical fiber is not removed from the clamps 42, 46 between splicing operations. Although these clamps 42, 46 were designed for use in the present splicing technique, they have broader use in any application where optical fibers must be grasped firmly but gently.
Returning to FIG. 3, the first length of optical fiber 40 has a first end 62 to be spliced to a second end 64 of the second length of optical fiber 44. These ends 62 and 64 lie coaxial with the beam axis 26, and are placed into a close, and preferably lightly touching, facing relationship at the focal point of the mirror 38.
To effect this positioning, the second end 64 is moved to the proper position at the focal point 38 by manually sliding it along the bore 50. The mirror 34 and the second optical fiber 44 are thereafter held stationary.
The first clamp 42 holding the first optical fiber 40 is mounted on a three-axis remotely programmable and controllable stage 66. The stage 66 permits precisely controllable movement of the first clamp 42 and thence the first end 62 of the first optical fiber 40 in the two dimensions perpendicular to the beam axis 26, so that the first optical fiber 40 can be positioned exactly coincident with the beam axis 26. The stage 66 also permits precisely controllable movement of the first clamp 42 and thence the first end 62 of the first optical fiber 40 toward the mirror 34 or away from the mirror 34 in the direction parallel to the beam axis 26, to bring the first end 62 to the focal point 38 of the mirror 34.
Two monitoring aids are used to precisely position the first end 62 relative to the second end 64. In the first, the region of the focal point 38, with the first end 62 on one side and the second end 64 on the other, is monitored by a TV camera 68. The image is viewed in a television monitor 70. The image is also provided to a microprocessor-based controller 72 operating the stage 66. Using the microprocessor in the controller 72, the image of the two ends 62 and 64 and the peripheries of the optical fibers 40 and 44 may be automatically analyzed using conventional pattern recognition techniques so that the peripheries of the optical fiber are identified. The controller 72 automatically aligns the peripheries so that the outer boundaries of the optical fibers 40 and 44 are precisely aligned along the beam axis 26.
In the second monitoring aid, light transmission through the core 12 of the optical fiber 10 is monitored using an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) 74. The OTDR transmits light through one of the optical fibers 40 or 44, and measures the intensity of light reflected from defects that may be present in the optical fiber. The OTDR preferably is used with the shorter of the optical fibers 40 or 44, to maximize the intensity of the reflected light for analysis, but may be used with the longer of the optical fibers or both optical fibers. Other optical monitoring aids may also be used in place of the OTDR, such as a power meter that measures the total light throughput of an optical fiber or a local light injection apparatus that measures the light transmission through a segment of the length of the optical fiber.
The use of the OTDR in characterizing and aligning the optical fibers has several important advantages. First, it permits identification, location, and characterization of the optical defects in the optical fiber, including those at the end to be spliced. Second, it permits the optical fiber cores 12 to be aligned for the splice, as distinct from the peripheries of the optical fibers. In some instances, the cores of optical fibers are not perfectly concentric with the outer peripheries of the casings 14. In those cases, if the visual alignment technique using a television image is used, the optical fiber peripheries will be aligned, but the light-transmitting cores will not be aligned.
The availability of both the visual and OTDR alignment procedures allows the user of the optical fiber considerable flexibility in selection of the result of the splicing operation. The two techniques are first used for screening the optical fibers. The controller determines the position of the stage 66 for the alignment by each of the two monitoring procedures. If the positions are different by more than some preselected amount, it may be concluded that the core is too non-concentric with the cladding. The optical fiber can then be used for some other, less demanding application.
After an acceptable optical fiber is found, one or the other of the alignment procedures is used. If the visual alignment procedure is used, the resulting spliced optical fiber will have maximum physical strength, but may not have maximum optical light transmission because the cores were not perfectly aligned. Conversely, if the OTDR procedure is used, the resulting spliced optical fiber will have maximum light transmission, but may not have maximum strength because the peripheries were not perfectly aligned. The choice of maximum strength, maximum light transmission, or unacceptability of one or both of the optical fibers is achieved automatically according to these procedures and the instructions of the operator.
Once the first end 62 and second end 64 of the optical fiber lengths are positioned in facing contact at the focal point 38 according to these principles, a pulse of laser energy from the laser 22 is directed to the focal point 38 by opening the shutter 28 for a predetermined period of time.
The pulse of laser energy is adjusted to have the minimum power required to successfully melt and fuse the ends 62 and 64 together. The use of a minimum power reduces distortion of the glass optical cores of the optical fibers, and avoids production of melt debris that can distort the optical properties of the optical fibers and also weaken them. In some prior art approaches, gas flame or electric arc heating was used to splice optical fibers. These heating techniques both are inherently difficult to control and also can introduce contaminants into the fused glass. The use of the laser to heat the optical fibers for splicing was an important advance, but too high a laser power level can cause the vaporization and ejection of silica from the optical fibers. These silica particles redeposit onto the optical fiber as flaws that can reduce the strength of the optical fiber. Minimization of the laser power minimizes such damage during splicing. The minimization cannot be reproducibly achieved without evenly heating the optical fibers around their circumference, and positioning the optical fiber ends in a reproducible manner, as provided by the present approach.
To determine the proper laser power required and also the laser power settings and shutter opening duration, calibration tests are performed to splice optical fibers similar to those that will be spliced in production. The power produced by the laser 22 is measured by a meter 80 operating through a port in the laser. Such measurement capability is routinely provided in commercial lasers. The power level measured by the meter 80 is provided to the controller 72.
The power reaching the focal point 38 during the splicing operation is also measured. This measurement is more difficult to obtain. A light intensity sensor 82 is positioned to view the ends 62 and 64 at the focal point 38 during the splicing event. The intensity of the light is detected by the sensor 82, and the output of the sensor 82 is amplified by an amplifier 84 and provided to the controller 72. It will be appreciated that the light intensity is not a direct measure of power, but is a power-dependent parameter that can serve as the basis for the control of the laser source power settings. Thus, during the calibration testing the relative positioning of the optical fiber ends 62 and 64 is determined from the visual image on the monitor 70 and correlated with the position of the stage 66 using the image processing capability of the controller 72. The laser power applied to the ends during splicing is measured both as laser output power and as the emitted light from the region of the splice.
The optical fibers spliced together during calibration are evaluated as to their mechanical and optical properties, and from the correlation with the measured splicing parameters an optimal set of splicing parameters is selected. The splicing parameters include both the positioning and the power information measured during splicing. With the reproducibility afforded by the use of the microcomputer-based controller 72, these conditions can be reproduced by controlling the positioning of the stage 66 and the power applied to the laser 22 through a laser amplifier 86, both of which are established by the controller 72.
After the ends of the optical fibers 40 and 44 are spliced, the bare length of spliced glass must be recoated with buffer material and cured. In the past, it has been common practice to remove the spliced length from the splicing apparatus (of different type than that of the present invention) and to gently move it to a coating apparatus. It has now been found that, no matter how gently this movement is accomplished, the bend or twist stressing of the optical fiber along the bare, uncoated length can lead to imperfections and possible premature later failure in some instances.
To avoid this bending or twisting of the spliced optical fiber during movement from the laser splicing apparatus to the recoating apparatus, a clamp holder 90, shown in FIG. 5, has been designed. The clamp holder 90 includes two grasping arms 92 and 94. These arms 92 and 94 are spaced apart the proper distance to grasp the two clamps 42 and 46, respectively, in their normal position in the apparatus 20. The clamps 42 and 46, with the now-spliced optical fibers 40 and 42 in place within the clamps, are grasped by the arms 92 and 94 and moved as a unit to the recoating apparatus.
Each of the arms 92 and 94 includes a respective facing pair of grasping blocks 96 and 98 that are pivotably mounted to a grasping block base 100. A spring (not shown) biases the two blocks 96 and 98 of each pair toward each other. The grasping blocks 96 and 98 are dimensioned to firmly grasp the sides of the clamps 42 and 44. Respective downwardly extending locating pins 102 and 104 are also mounted from each of the bases 100. The purpose of these locating pins will be discussed subsequently.
The arms 92 and 94 are supported from a handle 106. A movable handle grip 108 operates a linkage extending inside each arm to the grasping blocks 96 and 98. When the handle grip 108 is operated, the grasping blocks 96 and 98 are pivoted apart against the spring biasing force so that the arms can be lowered over the clamps 42 and 46. When the handle grip 108 is released, the grasping blocks again pivot closed, capturing the clamps 42 and 46. The clamps 42 and 46, together with the spliced optical fiber lengths 40 and 44, are then moved as a single rigid unit that does not bend or twist the optical fiber lengths 40 and 44 during transport. On the other hand, in some cases it may be desirable to prestress the optical fibers 40 and 44 in tension during recoating, and the clamps 42 and 46 and clamp holder 90 permit the application of a controllable pretensioning. The clamps 42 and 46 are released by the inverse operation of the handle grip. The clamp holder 90 was developed specifically for use in the splicing operation discussed herein, but can also be used for other operations involving movement of precisely positioned and/or aligned optical fibers and optical fiber devices.
Recoating of the optical fiber is accomplished with an apparatus 112 illustrated in FIG. 6. The clamps 42, 46 rest in cradles 114 and 116, respectively. Positioning of the clamps into the cradles is aided by locating the pins 102 and 104 of the clamp holder 90 into locating slots 118 and 120 of the apparatus 112.
Once the clamps 42 and 46, and thence the optical fiber lengths are positioned, the optical fiber is recoated with a buffer layer in the regions between the previously unstripped coating material, so that the region of the splice is fully protected against scratching. A split mold 130 suitable for casting a flowable polymer around the optical fibers 40, 44 is illustrated in FIG. 7. The mold 130, when assembled around the optical fibers 40, 44, rests on a second set of cradles 122 and 124 around the uncoated portion of the optical fiber.
The mold 130 includes a bottom 132 and a mating top 134, both made of a material transparent to ultraviolet light, such as plexiglass. The bottom 132 and top 134 have semicircular recesses therein along the facing surfaces so that, when the bottom 132 and top 134 are assembled together, a cylindrical central cavity 136 is formed. The bottom 132 and top 134 are assembled over the optical fibers 40, 44 so that the portion of the optical fibers from which the buffer layer 16 has not been removed is positioned at the ends of the mold 130 as seals. The central portion 138, from which the buffer layer 16 has been removed for the laser splicing operation, lies within the interior of the cavity 136. External access to the interior of the cavity 136 is provided through a port 140.
To perform the buffer recoating, a layer of a release agent such as polytetrafluoroethylene (teflon) may be sprayed on the matching faces of the bottom 132 and top 134. The bottom 132 of the mold 130 is placed onto its cradle 122 or 124. The clamps 42 and 46 are placed into their cradles 114 and 116, respectively, so that the central portion 138 lies within the cavity 136 of the as-yet open mold. The remainder of the cavity 136 is filled by injection through a side port 140 with the flowable, ultraviolet curable polymer that polymerizes to become the buffer coating, in this case a UV curable acrylate. The polymer is cured by directing ultraviolet light of wavelength appropriate to the polymer into the previously uncured polymer, through the transparent walls of the plexiglass mold. The preferred ultraviolet light source is a mercury lamp with a strong UV output at about 350 nanometers wavelength, and curing is accomplished in a total of about 10 seconds.
The spliced and recoated optical fiber is removed from the recoating apparatus 112 and the clamps 42 and 46 and inspected. In a typical instance, the spliced region will be indistinguishable from the remainder of the length of the optical fiber, except possible for a slight color difference in the buffer material.
A number of optical fibers have been spliced by this approach and measured both as to optical performance and mechanical strength, after splicing.
In a first series of tests, 12 splices of optical fiber were made. (A thirteenth splice was prepared, but it was found through use of the OTDR that the optical fiber had a serious defect well spaced from the region of the splice, and it was dropped from the study.) The 12 splices were measured to have an optical attenuation to 1.3 micrometer wavelength radiation of 0.089+/-0.089 dB.
In a second series of test, 5 splices of optical fibers were prepared. No attenuation due to the splice was measured at 1.3 micrometer wavelength.
Mechanical data for about 100 spliced optical fibers was taken by loading the spliced optical fibers to tensile failure in an Instron testing machine. The failure strengths were measured in excess of 330,000 pounds per square inch (psi), and many were in excess of 400,000 psi.
In a production test of the approach of the invention, 5 splices were made in a fully automated manner with no operator intervention. The measured attenuations at 1.3 micrometer wavelength were less than 0.3 dB for each splice, and the strengths were in excess of 300,000 psi in each case.
The present invention provides an important advance in the art of splicing optical fibers. It permits good splices to be prepared in an automated, reproducible manner that is well suited for commercial operations that are not dependent upon operator skill and patience. Although particular embodiments of the invention have been described in detail for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited except as by the appended claims.
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|Dec 6, 2011
|Oct 25, 2016
|Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc
|Large diameter optical waveguide splice
|Jan 12, 2004
|Aug 26, 2004
|Fernald Mark R.
|Large diameter optical waveguide splice
|Oct 14, 2003
|Aug 18, 2005
|Sagitta Engineering Solutions Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for planar lightwave circuits pigtailing
|Aug 5, 2005
|Feb 8, 2007
|Wiley Robert G
|Method of cleaning and stripping an optical fiber using an electrical arc, and associated apparatus
|Mar 12, 2007
|Jul 26, 2007
|Logitech Europe S.A.
|Facial feature-localized and global real-time video morphing
|Apr 4, 2006
|Oct 4, 2007
|Logitech Europe S.A.
|Real-time automatic facial feature replacement
|Sep 10, 2009
|Feb 25, 2010
|Kevin Riddett
|Process and apparatus for manufacturing an optical cable
|Mar 28, 2008
|Apr 29, 2010
|Francois Gonthier
|Method of fusing optical fibers within a splice package
|Feb 26, 2010
|Dec 22, 2011
|Dirk Haussmann
|Method and apparatus for welding wires
|Jun 27, 2013
|Dec 31, 2015
|Afl Telecommunications Llc
|Feedback system for improving the stability of a co2 laser based splicing and tapering apparatus
|Jul 1, 1999
|Jan 27, 2000
|Lightpath Technologies Inc.
|Use of a laser to fusion-splice optical components of substantially different cross-sectional areas
|Oct 31, 2000
|May 10, 2001
|Mukkamala Kameshwar Rao
|Method and apparatus for laser splicing of optical fibers
|U.S. Classification
|385/96, 65/501
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 25, 1992
Owner name: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY, CALIFORNIA
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|Sep 26, 1997
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Owner name: HUGHES ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
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Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Make no mistake, you bought your Murano because you understood you would be getting Japanese engineering and driver satisfaction both impeccably combined into one automobile. While it may not be difficult to buy replacement parts for Nissan vehicles, these days the necessity for nothing but the absolute best are required to maintain your automobile. Nissan automobile owners have grown accustomed to a certain level of best-in-class value when driving their Murano around town. You bought your Murano because its fuel efficiency and economical pricing struck a chord inside you; so why would you settle for second rate when it comes to the highest quality auto parts?
If none of our cars or trucks had steering systems, then we'd all drive in a straight line. That would be very dull for Nissan Murano owners, and it would also mean that tie rods weren't necessary. The tie rod ends on your vehicle join your steering knuckles to the rack and pinion or center link, allowing the wheels to pivot and turn. A broken Nissan Murano tie rod means your vehicle would lack the capabilities to maneuver in an emergency.
When your Nissan needs a top quality replacement Tie Rod, there's no need to waste time looking anywhere other than the authority, Car Parts Discount. Given all the hassles associated with performing maintenance on your car or truck, let www.carpartsdiscount.com be the most authoritative website you go to make purchasing it easy. Procuring new Nissan parts from www.carpartsdiscount.com means you are paying the lowest prices for the absolute greatest original and aftermarket replacement Murano parts on the internet. Just choose your year from the list below to find the right Nissan Murano Tie Rod for your 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003 model.

subset: commoncrawl


text: The holiday season is in full swing at Bethesda's Westfield Montgomery Mall! Santa has arrived and is waiting to hear whether your little one has been naughty or nice. Bring the kids by with their Wish List for a visit with Santa now through December 24th. Photos with Santa are also available. Skip the lines with the Fast Pass by pre-ordering your photo packages and making your reservation online.


text:
City: GBP/USD to decline to $1.6800-$1.6750
Currency strategists at CitiFX note that the GBP/USD upside remains limited by the $1.7130/80 resistance. The recent cable's upside was too rapid and is not anymore supported by surprisingly strong economic data.
In their view, we'll see a bearish correction into the $1.6800-$1.6750 area in the nearest future. Break below there could provoke a decline to $1.6300 (55-week EMA and the 2012 highs).
CityFX analysts point that the current GBP/USD trend is very similar to the one we've seen in the year 1992, when the pound retraced up for 68 months after a sharp drop. These days GBP/USD has already been recovering for 66 months.
According to analysts, only a close above $1.7180 could open the way for further GBP/USD growth.
Chart. Monthly GBP/USD


text:
Adium .88 was released on Tuesday, adding Universal Binary support to the instant messaging application. Adium supports instant messaging through AIM, ICQ, Jabber, MSN, Yahoo!, Google Talk, Yahoo! Japan, Bonjour, Gadu-Gadu, Novell Groupwise, and Lotus Sametime. The updated version, in addition to running natively on PowerPC and Intel-based Macs, includes several bug fixes. Adium .88 is free, and can be downloaded at the AdiumX Web site.
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text:
Download PC games new latest full
|ArcadeDelicious 2 Read reviews, rate games, download free trials/versions.
Delicious 2
Reviewed by Yuri Storchak
Genre and what to do:Arcade. Meet a lovely girl, named Emily, again, as she tries to help her uncle Antonio save family's reputation and finances. Be ready to work hard in five family's restaurants serving customers and earning money. Your task is to prepare food or soft drinks for customers, deliver orders, settle with clients and clean the tables. You should do everything quickly because the more satisfied your customers the more tips they give thus the quicker you meet the daily goal. The other way to make your clients happier is to entertain them; you can do this by hiring a guitarist to your restaurant. As you proceed through the game you earn decoration money that may be spend in a shop on buying decorations for the restaurant. If you play well you are awarded with unique trophies that are displayed in a special room.
Style and atmosphere inside the game:Delicious 2 is a new twist of classic Diner Dash games that features bright detailed graphics, diverse sound effects and relaxing instrumental music. Graphics is really well done; restaurants look appealing; as for the characters, they are various and humorous that brings you tons of fun during game play. One of highlights is a story, which is represented as the animated comics strip and develops as you advance through the game. The storyline is quite amusing and let you meet numerous characters ( protagonists and antagonists ). All in all, in spite of unoriginal concept, Delicious 2 is the highly polished game with multiple game modes, superb storyline, trophy room, and numerous upgrades that make it to be one of the best games of this genre nowadays.
player'S REVIEW
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|© TerraGame Group 2014


text:
Take your game to the next level and pick up new Airsoft Gear from Big Mountain Elite Gear. We carry Airsoft Guns from the top manufacturers and pass the savings on to our customers!
Airsoft Guns shown on our site are only a small sample of what is available tp you. We are always updating our products. please consider that we have the ability
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text:
Trump's Protestors Are Arguably One Of His Strongest Assets
Talk to any Trump supporter (literally, like, any one of them) and they'll probably tell you that the reason they love Trump so much is because he's not afraid to speak his mind at the cost of offending someone. He's not really into all that "politically correct" nonsense. Because of his offensive and abrasive stands on many issues, especially when it comes to immigration, Trump's rallies attract a much higher-than-average rate of protestors trying to throw a wrench in his game.
The problem, though, is that the protestors are really part of Trump's game. The opportunity to publicly shame protestors and have them removed from his events only serves as entertainment to reinforce his supporter's favorite thing about him.
The remains of a tomato lobbed at Donald Trump, and other images from Iowa https://t.co/Y5qKoWEpmO pic.twitter.com/SzETN46RwO
— Bloomberg Politics (@bpolitics) January 27, 2016
Normally, Trump's protesters don't go too far beyond chanting, holding signs, trying to disrupt Trump's flow, before he says "Look at these losers! Get em outta here." However, things got a little more interesting when one protestor threw a tomato at Trump in an Iowa rally while he was on a rant about communists.
Keep reading to see the famous tomato incident and the completely unexpected aftermath!


text: BOSTON, July 10, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- NestWise LLC (formerly known as LPL New Venture LLC )("NestWise"), a recently formed subsidiary of LPL Financial Holdings Inc. designed to provide the mass market with access to high-quality and affordable personal financial advice, today announced its intent to acquire Veritat Advisors, Inc. ("Veritat"). Veritat is a full-service registered investment advisory firm that leverages a proprietary online financial planning platform designed to support advisors who serve the mass market. The company combines advanced technology systems with sensible, practical and customer-driven financial advice. Kent Smetters, PhD, a professor at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and a leading authority on financial planning, co-founded the company in 2008. NestWise LLC was also announced as the new name for LPL New Venture LLC, reflecting the company's focus on the recruitment and development of new-to-the-industry financial advisors committed to providing high-quality and affordable personal financial advice for the mass market. Esther Stearns, CEO of NestWise, said, "NestWise and Veritat are a perfect fit and share a common vision and philosophy. This strategic acquisition will significantly enhance the technology capabilities of NestWise as we look to serve the mass market. NestWise, which will operate as a registered investment advisory firm, will leverage both Veritat's robust technology base and LPL Financial's industry-recognized advisory platform and deep expertise in supporting independent advisors." Dr. Smetters said, "Veritat's mission has been to deliver full-service and objective financial advice, and this makes our company a particularly strong fit with NestWise. Our software solution offers the flexibility to support the unique needs and financial goals of the mass market, while driving efficiency and scale." While Dr. Smetters plans to resume his career at Wharton full-time following the completion of the transaction, he has agreed to continue his support of Veritat by serving as a consultant to NestWise. The transaction is expected to close during the third quarter of 2012. Financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed.


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16:30 27th February 2016
Royals triumph in seven-goal thriller
Reading won a seven-goal thriller at The Valley this afternoon thanks to a brace from Yann Kermorgant, a first half finish from Ola John and an injury time winner from substitute Deniss Rakels.
Two first half goals from former Addicks striker Kermorgant gave Reading a commanding lead at the break - the first a far post header, the second an elegant right-footed finish into the top corner. Yaya Sanogo had scored a fierce effort of his own but Ola John sent the Royals into the dressing room with a 3-1 lead thanks to a cool finish towards the end of the half.
Quinn and Robson-Kanu both hit the crossbar, but Jose Riga's side showed real spirit to fight their way back into the game and Sanogo pulled one back early in the second half before levelling with a poacher's finish after Al Habsi had kept out Gudmundsson's powerful drive. But in injury time, Deniss Rakels made it 4-3 with a far post sidefooted finish from Obita's deep free kick - his first goal as a Royal sending more than 3,000 away fans wild.
Royals boss Brian McDermott named an unchanged side to start against Charlton at The Valley, Danny Williams the only change to the squad as our US international returned from injury to take a place on the bench.
The first chance fell for the Royals when good footwork from Ola John set up Stephen Quinn to drive left-footed from 15 yards out. Addicks skipper Stephen Henderson got a hand to it and tipped the ball against his crossbar and over.
Less than two minutes later though, Reading had the lead. John again the architect down the left, twisting and turning before dinking a cross to the far post where former Athletic striker
Yann Kermorgant
headed home unmarked for his first goal in Reading colours.
However, Charlton levelled moments later. Arsenal loanee
Yaya Sanogo
weaved his way past Cooper and rifled a powerful effort past Al Habsi to make it 1-1 after less than 7 minutes.
Norwood lined up a volley that almost found its way into the feet of Robson-Kanu, but Henderson was out to gather it before the Royals man could get a shot away.
Kermorgant almost gave the visitors the lead with an audacious effort from fully 40 yards that looped over Henderson and in...but the whistle had gone for a handball from the Frenchman in the build-up.
Johann Gudmundsson wriggled his way past Hector on the right and fizzed a low ball into Sanogo whose first time effort was well saved by a diving Al Habsi.
Midway through the half, Kermorgant got his head to a Norwood corner and it took a chested goalline interception from Simon Makienok to deny Reading the lead. Then at the other end, the lively Gudmundsson shot on the turn to force a relatively routine save from Al Habsi.
Yun Suk-Young delivered a tasty ball into the box from the left that Makienok nearly got an outstretched leg to in the six yard box, but it skidded behind for a goalkick.
In an open affair, Norwood was next to have a go - Kermorgant passing it into the midfielder's path and Norwood running into yards in front of him before pulling the trigger, and Henderson doing well to parry a swerving shot.
was back to haunt his former employers with a beautifully taken second with ten minutes of the first half remaining. Robson-Kanu threaded the ball into him, he turned back onto his right foot and then elegantly arced an effort inside the top corner of the Charlton goal for 2-1.
McShane had a glorious chance to make int 3-1 when he got his head to Norwood's free kick and glanced it wide when unmarked in the middle.
Before half-time, it was 3-1. Kermorgant threaded a lovely pass into
in behind the Addicks' back line and the winger coolly slid the ball past the onrushing Henderson to score his second goal in a Royals shirt.
Half-time: Charlton 1 Reading 3
Ola John was proving a constant threat and within two minutes of the second half he had clipped the crossbar with a powerful drive that had Henderson well beaten.
John then marauded down the left and crossed into the middle for Robson-Kanu to hook a first time effort inches over.
But Charlton got themselves back into it when
headed home from close range a few minutes later, reducing the deficit to one goal as Al Habsi failed to keep it out from point blank range.
A stunning fingertip save from Henderson pushed a wonderful Robson-Kanu drive over the crossbar and into the thousands of travelling fans.
But the game was throwing up chance after chance and Sanogo got in behind to glimpse a chance of a hat-trick, stabbing a bouncing ball wide of the onrushing Al Habsi only to see McShane recover sufficiently to hack the ball away as it bobbled towards a gaping net.
Miscommunication at the back gave substitute Zakarya Bergdich a golden opportunity to equalise, but Al Habsi did well to make himself big and save with his body.
And Sanogo crept in behind McShane to fire low at goal from a narrow angle, this time Al Habsi was down quickly at his near post to stop it in its path and gather up the loose ball before Makienok could pounce.
Charlton were certainly not giving the game up and
completed his hat-trick when Al Habsi could only shovel Gudmundsson's powerful drive into the striker's path and the Arsenal loanee converted to make it 3-3 with seven minutes remaining.
Both teams looked for a winner as five minutes of injury time were signalled. And Reading got it. A deep Obita free kick wasn't cleared by the home side and late substitute
Deniss Rakels
ghosted in at the far post to brilliantly pass the ball into the goal from a narrow angle and send the visiting support into raptures.
And that was enough to see Charlton's threat off and secure three points for the Royals!
Full-time: Charlton 3 Reading 4
Charlton: Henderson (c), Fanni, Teixeira, Johnson, Motta (Harriott 77), Ba (Bergdich HT), Diarra, Suk-Young, Gudmundsson, Makienok, Sanogo (Ghoochannejhad 88).
Subs: Pope, Fox, Lookman, Poyet.
Yellow: Gudmundsson
Reading: Al Habsi, Gunter, Obita, McShane (c), Cooper, Hector, Norwood (Williams 65), Quinn (Rakels 84), John (McCleary 70), Robson-Kanu, Kermorgant.
Subs: Bond, Ferdinand, Piazon, Cox.
Yellow: Williams
Referee: Mr N Miller
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text:
Hevi Shot Hevi-13 Turkey 10 Gauge Shotgun Ammunition. Hevi-Shot Turkey 10 Gauge holds the world record in performance. With World Record performance this load offers 40% more knock down power than lead and 40% more effective range than lead. How does it get better than this?? Hevi-Shot still remains the shot of choice. Buffered and moly coated pellets for denser patterns and increases your accuracy, distance and more pellets on target. Nine years on the firing line and still holding all the titles. It's the choice of every champion at the NWTF World Still Target Championships.
Mack's Prairie Wings is not responsible for typographical errors in pricing or product specification inaccuracies in our web site. Prices are subject to change without notice.
Copyright © 2017 - Mack's Sport Shop LLLP - All rights reserved. Site Developed and Maintained by Ability Commerce
Copyright © 2004-2017 - Mack's Prairie Wings, Inc. - All rights reserved. Site Developed and Maintained by Ability Commerce


text:
In April, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission issued new guidance for employers on avoiding Family Responsibility Discrimination. FRD is defined as discrimination in which male or female workers are fired, demoted, not promoted, denied employment benefits, or harassed because of their caregiving responsibilities for a child, partner, or elderly relative. The EEOC recommends work-life balance programs, flexible work arrangements, flexible sick leave policies, and part-time job opportunities to prevent discrimination lawsuits from caregiver employees.
Adria B. Martinelli and Molly DiBianca, Esq. will present an important audio conference on this subject on August 4, in which we'll teach employers how to use work-life balance programs to prevent costly litigation and how to create a workplace free from caregiver discrimination by participating in the all-new HR Hero audio conference, When Employees Are Also Caregivers: Legal Advice and EEOC Guidance for Employers.
In just 90 minutes, you'll learn:
- How flextime schedules, flexible week opportunities, telecommuting, and other programs can protect your organization against caregiver discrimination claims — and actually boost productivity and the bottom line
- The EEOC's best practice advice for launching and managing flexible work arrangements
- Your legal obligations regarding employees with caregiving responsibilities under the EEOC guidance, arising from Title VII, the FMLA, and ADA, among others
- EEOC guidance on training your managers to recognize caregiver discrimination at work
- The types of workplace conduct that could invite caregiver discrimination claims
- Hands-on advice for structuring policies that can protect your organization from caregiver discrimination
- An overview the responsibilities faced by an employee who is also a caregiver, and how employers can accommodate these needs while eliminating legal risks
To register for the audio conference,visit the registration page on HR.Hero.com


text:
Hancock to distribute capital gains early
November 2, 1998
John Hancock Funds will distribute capital gains from nine of its equity funds in November instead of December in order to help shareholders minimize their taxes.
Anne Hodsdon, president and chief operating officer of John Hancock Advisers, said in a statement that the early distribution would allow shareholders to make portfolio changes to alleviate their tax burdens. "Paying these gains early gives shareholders the upper hand when it comes to their year-end tax planning," she said.


text:
trip to Thailand is quite convenient and extremely secure with the world's best Airlines flights serving Thailand. As the largest country, it is not so easy to travel around the country by bus, which is why many domestic flights also operate in Thailand to take passengers from one place to another.
Thailand is home to many wonderful cities and islands. Bangkok, Phuket, Chiang Mai, Ko Phi Phi, Ko Chang, Ko Samet, Kanchanaburi, Pattaya and Ayutthaya are prominent cities and islands of the country. All cities have their own unique identity. Thailand major cities which are flight to Thailand at the airport, Bangkok, Phuket and Chiang Mai. Two airports serving Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi Airport and Don Mueang airport. Phuket International Airport serves Phuket and Chiang Mai International Airport serving Chiang Mai city.
Many well-known airlines operate here at the famous airports in Thailand to take cheap flights to Thailand. The major airlines serving Thailand including Thai Airways, Air Asia, Bangkok Airways, Nok Air and PB Air. Many small airlines have their ontract with Thai Airways, as a minimum for the roads they took over from the nationalized airline.]]>
Thai Airways is the national carrier of Thailand. Among many airlines are the most reliable, regular and comfortable airlines. It works Thailand flights to nearly all famous places in Thailand that is admired by tourists. Thanks to its world-class services, it is a bit expensive compared to other airlines. The best way to get cheap flights to Thailand with Thai Airways is to book it with a little travel companion.
The regional air carrier in Bangkok is Bangkok Airways, which not only operate domestic flights but also offers international flights to Thailand. Bangkok Suvarnabhumi International Airport is its main hub. This airline has also received fame as "Asia's Boutique Airline" because of its elegance and style. There is also a bit expensive carriers.
Nok Air is quite a budget airline that has its hub at Don Muang Airport. It also works for Thai Airways. All domestic flights operated by Nok Air flights from Don Muand airport and international flights from Suvarnabhumi International Airport. Air Asia is also a low cost carrier is the first airline in the district to implement the full ticket less travel and unallocated sites. It operates domestic and international flights from Thailand Suvarnabhumi International Airport.
Read original item -
August 9, 2011 Translated text about Thailand
© Thailand Travel. All rights reserved. Thailand Travel in collaboration with Jade Travel - Travel with care and Asian travel guides and holiday packages .


text:
Style: 35648625 Color Code:
POP Color by Rita Hazan is the perfect way to add some customized color to your locks without using tints, bleaches or peroxide. Streaks, tips or all-over color, this temporary color spray can do it all! Just wash it out and try a new look.
*By Rita Hazan


text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
State Senator Tom PattonSenate Building,1 Capitol Square, 1st Floor Columbus, Ohio United States of America
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 02/14/2013 04:34 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/state-senator-tom-patton/columbus-ohio-43215/state-senator-tom-patton-representative-marlene-anielski-are-sitting-on-a-stack-of-false-p-1014034. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report. READ: Foreign websites steal our content
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text:
February 12-14 starts us off at the World of Wheels show near our headquarters in Kansas City, Missouri. The self-proclaimed, "America's Premier Custom Car Show Series" carries a large following and for good reason, with celebrities signing autographs and Danny "the Count" Koker, from the History Channel's Counting Cars and his band "Counts 77." Did we mention some of the coolest cars in the area will be lined up and on display for your viewing pleasure. If you can make it, be sure to schedule a solid day to check it all out. Learn more
February 20-21 is the Race and Performance Expo in Chicago, Illinois where you can see over 100,000 square feet of high performance products on display. There are also seminars on everything you need to know about building your hot rod and information that is great for home garage-based mechanics. The other part of this show, that we love to check out is the Builders Showcase where you can see all the latest trends in building impressive cars and high-powered engines. Learn More
March 7th you should set your GPS to head on over to Titan Motorsports in Orlando Florida for our annual Open House to help raise money for local charities. Last year with your help we raised over 14K for the Just in Queso foundation and this year we're hoping to raise even more. This event will take place from 10AM-4PM and is open to all ages, it will feature vendor and race car displays, a dyno shootout, car show, bikini contest and more. So much fun from this great shop helping the area they are based out of – Don't miss it! Learn more
Texas 2K is getting fired up for the March 17th event where all of your high horsepower friends will be for the weekend. The airstrip sets the stage for 1/2 mile races involving everything from 2 cycle motorbikes to high-end luxury performance machines. If thats not really your style, no problem, the Roll racing and drag racing events are held nearby. The event sells out quick, so it is sure to be a great show. Learn more
Atlanta Motor Speedway in Atlanta, Georgia on March 19-20th will be the home for the Import Alliance Spring Meet. This year will be bigger than ever! Last year's Spring Meet was the largest ImportAlliance event ever. They had over 8000 cars and thousands more people in attendance. This year is their 11th anniversary and of course they have to do their best to make it even better than last year, so they are adding to the programming and expecting record setting cars and people. They will have the ImportAlliance Showcase, the ImportAlliance Drift-O-Rama, and much more. Plan on joining us for the largest all import car meet in the United States. We guarantee you don't want to miss it. Learn more
Grab your gear and your walking shoes – come on by and say hi when you are at one of these events!


text:
BBC Worldwide's Topgear.com took the top prize for best consumer web site of the year and Associated Northcliffe Digital scooped best consumer publisher at the 5th annual AOP awards.
Topgear.com, which has seen strong traffic and revenue growth over the last year, was described by the judges as "perfectly targeting an audience that is expanding at an incredible rate".
Associated received the top honour for the development and running of its network of 85 websites that include thisislondon.co.uk and Dailymail.co.uk.
The Guardian picked up two awards. One for online advertising sales team, and the other for consumer editorial team for the commentisfree blog initiative.
Business web site of the year went to Reed Business Information's online travel agency resource gazetteers.com.
Independent digital publisher e-consultancy was the surprise winner of two awards in the fiercely competitive categories of business editorial team and online publisher in the business category for e-consultancy.com.
Simon Waldman, the new AOP chairman and group director of digital strategy and development at Guardian Media Group, singled out NME.com for special commendation and winner of the Chairman's Award.
The Sun Online won the AOP award for commercial partnership for its launch of SunBingo.co.uk with Tombola. The judges described it as "simple, sustainable, enjoyable and hugely profitable".
The BBC and Channel 4 both picked up awards for extensions of TV programming online.
Channel4 triumphed with its LostUntold microsite winning the award for design, and the BBC's Chelsea Flower Show microsite, BBC.co.uk/Chelsea, won cross-media project 2006.
The award for online advertising campaign went to media planning and buying agency i-level and full service firm Profero for the Smart Online campaign to promote child safety on the internet.
And Nature Publishing's adaption of Google Earth technology to highlight the spread of avian flu virus earned it the award for best use of new digital platform.
Finally, the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music scooped two awards - for launch and for Innovation - for educational music web site SoundJunction.org.


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Kingbrend brauchte ein neues Logo Design und hat einen Wettbewerb auf 99designs gestartet.
Aus 87 Designs von 20 Designern wurde eine Gewinner gewählt.
It started as a personal blog, then it became an internet marketing blog and now we're focused on helping people get back on eBay and Amazon after being suspended. We have the largest support forums for eBay and Amazon suspensions.
Please don't focus on eBay or Amazon. It's primarily what the business is focused on but it doesn't belong in the logo. Stick to Aspkin, some design elements, maybe a small message. This logo will be placed on several websites, so it has to be general. The audience is mostly adults, worldwide. They are interested in business, making money, learning, etc.


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
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Utilise our website's sophisticated search to find members who fulfill your requirements. Or just look through listings and find members that you find attractive.
Discovered someone who could be a good match? Send a note to them or just a wink and see if they're interested. With a little luck you'll be on your way to discovering your suitable match.
It's quick and simple


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27th November 2016 Government Exams List Names HSCC Clerk Exam, IIFT MBA selection exam, IBPS Bank Clerical Cadre (Pre.) Exam. (CWE-VI) and APS Combined Selection Exam, (for PGT, TGT and PRT).
List of Exam to be Held on 27 November 2016
So guys the here we bring you the list of the competitive exams that will be on 27 November 2016 only in (bollyhollynews.com). Every sunday many written competitive exams are held to choose the eligible candidates for the particular job that is announced by that board earlier. Here we present the whole details about the exams like the exam venue, schedule, time , the organisation that is conducting the exam and alll other important details.
27th November Exams Names & List
Here is the list of the exams that will be conducted on 27 November 2016. You can check the list of exams below.
|27th November 2016
|Organisation Name
|HSCC Clerk Exam
|IIFT MBA selection exam
|IBPS Bank Clerical Cadre (Pre.) Exam. (CWE-VI)
|APS Combined Selection Exam, (for PGT, TGT and PRT)
HSSC Clerk exam
Haryana Staff Selection Commission (HSSC) is going to conduct Written Exam. The process is the first exam is Held on 13th November 2016 (Sunday) and the upcoming exams are to be held on 20 and 27 November respectively.
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT)
The entrance exam scheduled to be held on November 27, 2016, have been sent through post by the Institute. You cn download the admit cards from the official website www.iift.edu.
IBPS Bank Clerical Cadre (Pre.) Exam. (CWE-VI)
- Name of the department: Institute of Banking Personnel Selection
- Name of the Post: Clerk (CWE Clerks – VI)
- IBPS Clerk 2016 Preliminary Exam Date: 26 Nov 2016, 27 Nov 2016, 3 Dec 2016, 4 Dec 2016
- IBPS Clerk 2016 Main Exam Date: 31 Nov 2016 & 1 Jan 2017
- Qualification: Graduation
- Age limit: 20 to 30 years
- Selection process: Online Written Test and Interview
So guys above we provided the list of the exams that are going to be held on 27 November 2016. You can get all the details of the upcoming exams on our site.


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OT: NBA Sacramento sale moves along
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Registered User
Join Date: Jan 2012
Posts: 6,861
vCash: 500
Originally Posted by
One, it's not necessarily their choice to turn it down. Two, the NBA will always give priority to the team's local market because that's their customer base right now. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. Three, when Stern asked for the city to step up, they did. Stern also probably realizes that he doesn't want to make the same mistake twice to finish his tenure as commissioner. Four, the people involved that could purchase the team every bit as capable of making an equal offer to the Maloofs for their interest, if not more. If the courts hold up the right to match that the minority owners have in their contracts, there isn't anything that the NBA, Hansen, or the Maloofs can do about it.
The NBA may not and that's up for debate if you talk to them. However, the courts may decide that they can since there is a clause in the minority owner's contracts for a right to match when it comes to the majority shares being sold.
You act as if the right to match the offer isn't a big issue. The courts may disagree with you. It may not be up to the NBA at that point but the NBA has given Sacramento the opportunity to do so anyway. If they thought Seattle was so much better, why even bother doing that? You also think that they wouldn't sell it this soon if it was and my answer to that is it is likely they didn't know or care about it because it was a quick deal that came from it so what makes you think they looked over every detail of every minority ownership's contract? And your thought that if they sued to try to keep the team meaning the NBA would burn their bridges with the market is absolutely laughable. Seattle did a lot of the same things when the Sonics originally left.
Stern has zero control over what the BOG does and he wants seattle to have a team back before he retires.
contract agreements everything has to be clearly written. If the ROFR is written so vague it won't stand up in court and if this goes to litigation Sacramento will lose their team. You have no idea how much the NBA hates being told what to do. It is essentially guarantee they will not approve local ownership and a guarantee that Sacramento will never get a team again.
NBA has the right to decide who ends up being owners or not.
Tick off the NBA and they will vote against you no matter what if you try claiming RORF to match the offer or not.
If Sacramento has any shot at keeping their team litigation isn't the solution.
They have 3 months to get a ownership group going and an arena plan unless the BOG decides to vote on it next month.
This wasn't a quick deal. This has been going on for at least a couple months. It was only just reported that there was a deal working on that the maloofs are going to sell the team to Hansen's group a couple weeks ago. Hansen and his lawyers are aware of the ROFR and so were the NBA lawyers if it was such a huge issue the agreement would not been announced last Monday.
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3 English Pool tables
2 American pool tables
Formally known as The Sports Cafe, and based in the heart of London's theatre land, Rileys Sports Bar Haymarket is packed full to the brim with fantastic entertainment for all.
With 34 screens showing more than 70 sports channels, pool & ping pong tables, 4 bars – including a special VIP bar, DJ nights, a restaurant and room for almost 600 people, there's something for everyone to enjoy.
We have a great American style menu, including great Burgers, Dogs and Wings. Click below to download our menus.
Unlike our other clubs across the country, Rileys Sports Bar Haymarket is not a members club, so no need to join. Just turn up and have fun.


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Oceanfront Luxury - Steps to the Beach, Fabulous Ocean Views! Wifi, Hdtv, New Ac(39 Reviews)
The owner has been emailed.
To book this property, you need to complete your booking through checkout on the VRBO website. We can't protect your payment if we don't know you've booked through us. Learn more
- Minimum stay:3-4 nights
- Sleeps:4
- Bedrooms:1
- Bathrooms:1
- Property type:Condo
- Internet:Yes
- Pets considered:No
- Wheel chair accessible:N/A
About the Property
fully remodeled 1 BR king bed, 1 full bath, queen sleeper sofa, in-unit laundry
Hawaii Licensed: TA/GE-201-147-5968-01
Picturesque views of the Pacific are yours the moment you enter Milowai 105. The unique oceanfront setting, just steps away from the beach, offers unsurpassed views of the bay, the islands of Molokini and Kaho'olawe, and the gently sloping silhouette of Haleakala Volcano. Enjoy superb whale watching in the winter months and sea turtle viewing year-round.
This condo's convenient location affords you easy access to the airport, shopping in Kahului, Lahaina, and Kihei and is walking distance to major attractions such as the Maui Ocean Center and Aquarium, whale-watching and snorkel tours, or sunset dinner cruises from Ma'alaea Boat Harbor. Walk for miles along the white sands of Sugar Beach, arguably the best beach in Hawaii.
No expense has been spared to make your Hawaiian retreat comfortable, relaxing, and enjoyable. From the carefully chosen artwork, area rugs and granite counters to the hotel quality linens, a true escape from the everyday has been created just for you.
When you're ready to book, here are some tips to keep in mind.
Paying with a credit card on VRBO protects your payment for up to $10,000 against listing fraud. We recommend completing your booking on VRBO.Learn more
Member since: 2011
Property Type
- Condo
- On floor 1
- 556 sq. ft.
House Rules
- Children Welcome
- Non Smoking Only
- Pets Not Allowed
Accommodation Type
- Vacation Rental
- Guests Provide Their Own Meals
- Long-Term Renters Welcome
- Low Allergen Environment
- Limited Accessibility
- Suitable For Elderly Or Infirm
Bedrooms: 1 Bedroom, Sleeps 4
Bathrooms: 1 Bathroom
Other Amenities
- Spectacular ocean views in every direction from the living area, air conditioning and ceiling fans, sizable lanai for dining, large refrigerator with automatic ice-maker, fully equipped modern kitchen including hard-anodized cookware, indoor dining table seating plus counter bar stool seating as well as lanai dining for 6. iPad/iPod dock and speaker system. High def TV with DVD and DVR. Built-in drinking water filtration system....moreless
- DVD Player
- Games
- Away From It All
- Romantic
- Marina
- Reefs
- Restaurants
- Volcano
- Waterfalls
- Winery Tours
Leisure Activities
- Beachcombing
- Bird Watching
- Boating
- Luaus
- Miniature Golf
- Scenic Drives
- Shelling
- Shopping
- Sight Seeing
- Walking
- Whale Watching
- Wildlife Viewing
Location Type
Small private sand beach accessible from the lawn area at our Milowai Resort - perfect for sunning or sand castle building....moreless
Small private beach on property - perfect for launching stand up paddle boards, kayaks, swimming, or building sand castles....moreless
Sports & Adventure Activities
- Cycling
- Deepsea Fishing
- Fishing
- Golf
- Hiking
- Kayaking
- Parasailing
- Sailing
- Scuba Diving Or Snorkeling
- Snorkeling
- Snorkeling/Diving
- Sound/Bay Fishing
- Surf Fishing
- Surfing
- Swimming
- Wind-Surfing
- Activities Guide
- Air Conditioning:
- Alarm Clock
- Basic Soaps
- Broadband Access:
- Ceiling Fans
- Clothes Dryer:
- Elevator
- Filtered Water
- Hair Dryer
- Internet:
- Iron & Board
- Laundry Soap
- Linens Provided
- Living Room:
- Paper Towels
- Blender
- Coffee Grinder
- Coffee Maker
- Cooking Utensils
Dishes & Utensils:
12 place settings, serving bowls and plates, Reed & Barton flatware...moreless
- Dishwasher:
- Freezer
- Grill
- Ice Maker
A true chef's kitchen - stainless appliances, granite counters, deep double sink, oversize refrigerator and freezer. Tons of storage....moreless
- Beach Chairs
- Beach Towels
- Binoculars
- Deck / Patio
Pool / Spa
- Communal Pool
- Outdoor Pool
- Private Pool
RatesCurrency Conversion
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
Off Peak 2017-$129/nt-7 nts
Apr 17 - Dec 3, 2017
3 night min stay
2017-18 Peak Season
Dec 4 - Apr 15, 2018
4 night min stay
My Standard Rate
3 night min stay
Additional information about rental rates
- Cleaning $125 + tax
- Tax Rate 13.42%
Until confirmed, rates are subject to change without notice.
• A $300 deposit required to secure reservation; balance due 60 days prior to arrival.
• Refunds for cancellations made 90 days or more in advance of your arrival date are subject to a $50 cancellation fee.
• Refunds for cancellations less than 90 days in advance of your arrival date are dependent upon rebooking.
Owner's cancellation policy:
100% refund for cancellations more than 60 days before check-in date.
Don't forget your vacation protection! Get protected now
Adding our Vacation Protection services can make sure your getaway goes smoothly, no matter what. We offer Cancellation Protection and Damage Protection so you can truly relax.
Car: Recommended
Conveniently located central location allows easy access to the airport, dining, shopping, and major attractions. This condo, Milowai 105, on Maalaea Bay is walking distance from the Maui Ocean Center and Aquarium, snorkel and whale-watching tours that depart from the Maalaea Boat Harbor, and only a few minutes walk to Maui's longest beach, Sugar Beach, between Maalaea and Kihei - 5 miles of uninterrupted sand. The award-winning Waterfront Restaurant is a short walk away.
Other Activities: Whale & sea turtle watching, kayaking, snorkeling, sunset dinner cruises, biking Haleakala crater, take a walk on quiet Sugar Beach - 5 mi. of uninterrupted sand.
Owner info
Year Purchased: 2011
About the owner: John and Nancy Norman live in Juneau, Alaska. John, a retired secondary school principal with over 40 years of experience, has also worked as adjunct faculty at the University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, mentoring and coaching graduate students of education. Nancy is an education consultant and former classroom teacher. They enjoy meeting new people and sharing their experiences in both Alaska and Hawaii. John and Nancy have been Alaskans since 1975 and have 3 children and 7 grandchildren.
Why the Owner Chose Maalaea, HI, USA:
John and Nancy have vacationed on Kauai, Big Island, Oahu, and Maui, but they love Maui best, and particularly Maalaea Bay. They keep choosing Maalaea Bay as a place to vacation because it is quiet, serene, romantic, and relaxed. They purchased Milowai 105 in 2011 and have completely renovated it. They are active owners who are constantly upgrading their unit to make it a special vacation experience for their guests.
Contact us
Send email
- Secondary: 612-618-9999 Mobile
Links to more information:
- Click Here to see All My Rental Listings
Enjoy amazing view of the ocean and the Haleakala volcano while you dine.
Spacious open-concept living area with queen sleeper sofa.
Watch the waves from your living room or lanai.
Immaculate, fully equipped kitchen with granite counters and eating area.
Completely updated bathroom with granite vanity and floors.
Convenient high efficiency full size washer and dryer right in your own condo.
Unwind at the end of your day by relaxing in the privacy of your lanai.
Panoramic views of Haleakala & Maalaea Bay from the propane BBQ grill.
Enjoy serenity and gorgeous scenery poolside or on the lawn.
Enjoy quiet solitude on the small sand beach directly in front of the Milowai.
Whales right outside your door, December through April.
Sugar Beach - miles of white sand only a few minutes walk away.
Views of Haleakala & the ocean right from your lanai and living room
Watch whales and the surf right from our pool.
42-in. LCD cable HD TV with DVR & BluRay DVD player.
Pillow-top king bed with hotel quality linens; plenty of closet & storage space.
Spa-like bath: soaking tub, rain shower, granite floors & tub surround.
Have meals on your large lanai with ample seating for 4.
Your ground-floor condo is perfectly located just steps from the pool & ocean.
Watch sea turtles from your lawn.
Milowai's professional landscaping and immaculate grounds are lovely.
Take pleasure in the privacy of our beach at the Milowai.
Milowai's convenient central location affords easy access to many attractions.
Every day at Milowai 105 is another day in paradise!
This listing was first published here in 2011.
Date last modified - Saturday, May 27, 2017
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Getting down to the nitty gritty shows that while women have become increasingly likely to get an education and a job, censuses continue to prove that the number of men is disproportionately higher than that of women in the fields of s Read More »
If you need some motivation to get up and moving, consider this is: girls are literally running the world. And by literally, we mean literally. Read More »
Eighth-grade girls beat their male peers in the first national test measuring technology and engineering abilities, according to results made public Tuesday. Read More »
By Jillian Kramer Read More »
For the past five years, the diversity problem in Silicon Valley has been the hot button issue. Read More »
Popular card game Cards Against Humanity is setting the deck high for giving back. Read More »
By Isabelle Chapman Last month, a hashtag spread across social media about women in tech: #thisiswhatanengineerlookslike. Read More »
The future of transforming gender disparity in the tech world lies in the hands of coding bootcamp, reports Read More »
Abby Harrison's dreams are big — so big that they're out of this world, literally. Read More »
How many of your neighbors do you know? Read More »


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Thanks Kiran for the heads up. Yes I am very interested in what you're trying to achieve. More inline ...
Watch out for a mail from him.
On Fri, Mar 7, 2008 at 3:19 AM, Erik Bengtson <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote:Dear,
We, JPOX a data access project, are working on an interface for LDAP via JDO
and JPA APIs.
Usage e.g. SELECT FROM Person where firstName == 'Ana'
Person.class is linked to "ou=Users,dc=example,dc=com" while attributes
mapped to fields.
We currently support 1-1 and 1-N relationships and will soon have a first
We currently use Apache Directory for running our tests. If you see any
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text:
CANADA STOCKS-TSX falls more than 1 percent in early trade
TORONTO, Aug 10 (Reuters) - Toronto's main stock market index fell more than 1 percent shortly after the open on Wednesday, as bank and oil shares gave back some of Tuesday's gains and a sharp drop in U.S. stocks weighed on investor sentiment.
The Toronto Stock Exchange's S&P/TSX composite index .GSPTSE fell 125.40 points, or 1.04 percent, to 11,983.86. Nine of 10 main groups were lower, with utilities clinging to positive territory. (Reporting by Andrea Hopkins; Editing by Jeffrey Hodgson)
© Thomson Reuters 2017 All rights reserved.


text:
The Cosmos will host Rayo OKC this weekend, and many names from last week's roster will be unavailable due to call-up, injury or recall. But Cosmos Head Coach and Sporting Director Giovanni Savarese is confident his club can deliver a result this weekend against a line-up that features players like Georgios Samaras, Derek Boateng, and NASL leading scorer Michel.
"It's correct, reports of Yasmani going back to the national team. He's actually right now in the airport so he won't be available for tomorrow," said the coach when asked about Yasmani Duk's availability for tomorrow's match.
"Hes going to be out, pretty much four to six weeks," said Savarese of Croatian midfielder Niko Kranjčar, noting that the injury was an upper quad and could not be taken lightly. "Most likely he will have to do a little therapy here and a little bit of therapy away from us and he has some specialists that he knows very well and hopefully he can go through the proper treatment in order to be able to come back as soon as possible."
Gio noted that Gabriel Farfán, who recently underwent surgery, would be out for about the same time period. He was not the only one who would remain sidelined.
"[Eric] Calvillo isn't clear yet, [Alexis] Velela isn't clear yet, and [Adam] Moffat is very close. And that, for you, is the menu of the injuries we have."
Add the loss of Michael Lahoud to Miami FC, and one can understand why the depth chart feels a little shallower these days.
But according to Gio, it doesn't matter.
"We have a strong group. Because I think the stronger part of our group is two things, the unity and mental strength. This is a team that is able to focus on the targets that we have on hand in front of us. We know it's going to be a difficult two weeks; we spoke about it because we don't have as much depth as we had a few weeks ago. But, nevertheless, I feel that in difficult moments, there are opportunities. Opportunity shows the depth of our team and shows a lot of character."
"The guys are ready for tomorrow. They all are excited about playing tomorrow and then once we finish tomorrow, they'll be ready for Wednesday as well."
Roversio came up as a topic, as well, with his absence from the spring season. He did play in the friendly against Eibar on Wednesday night. Savarese noted that Roversio's recovery was ahead of schedule.
"We see Roversio is getting closer to the time to be reinstated. He had a good match against Eibar, and we feel that he's getting closer and closer to the level that we're looking for from him," said the coach. "I think sooner or later, he's going to start being useful for us."
"Of course he's a player we would like to see 100%, but he's getting there little by little. So seeing him back was a good thing, and that's why he was also the captain. You know, he's worked very hard to get back. He's a leader on our team and an example and that's why we gave him the captain's banner, besides the fact that he also played for the coach that is coaching Eibar and we felt out of respect that he should be the leader of that game."


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It takes just one look understand that no pencil nor brush could draw such beauty – only Mother Nature could have reach such heights. We simply added the love for cooking, courtesy, our professional skills and the joy to share all of this splendour with you.
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text: Of course this nice floorstand is well known for you from shop with video and DVD but without your majore notice. That is because your eyes are always catched by content and pictures of starring faces of celebrities. However for distributors can be interesting, that the tray can be filled before sending to shop, comfortably inserted into a box, including base, topper and side decorations if they are used.