text:
This exhibit will most likely change the way we feel about those gloomy...
Huntsville Restaurant Week
August 11-20, 2017
Every August, eateries from Mobile and Dothan to Huntsville and the Shoals participate in Alabama Restaurant Week, a chance for residents and visitors to savor the local cuisine of the Yellowhammer state. During this 10-day event, participating restaurants offer specialized menu items at fixed prices for lunch and/or dinner, which are designed to showcase their best and encourage hungry folks to patronize locally-owned and operated restaurants.
Huntsville keeps adding restaurants to its Restaurant Week participants list every year, which makes this time of year an even better time to visit if you're interested in local cuisine and great deals! In years past, over 50 participating eateries have offered all sorts of fare, including farm-to-table Southern classics, wings and barbecue, Italian fine dining, steak house favorites, gourmet pizza, crepes and doughnuts, fresh brewed coffee, seafood, Greek fare, wine and cheese, Asian specialties, ice cream and gelato, Cajun cuisine and, of course, the kind of home-style German food that is unique to the Rocket City. These local food artisans include:
- White tablecloth bistros
- Family eateries
- Pubs
- Traveling food trucks
The initiative seems to be working, as the event grows more popular with Huntsville restaurant patrons ever year. Plus, the menus of the Rocket City have made the community a destination for foodies from all over the Southeast. If you love great eats, mark Huntsville Restaurant Week on your calendar and pull a chair up to our table. There's no better way to taste the wide variety of local options our restaurants have to offer!
The Garden is excited to exhibit nine museum-quality animatronic dinosaurs...
The latest exhibition in this long-standing showcase for outstanding...
The large, colorful watercolor florals of nationally recognized artist,...
This important exhibit will showcase the life and work of Huntsville artist...
- All Events
- Free
- Festivals
Concert Series
- Farmers Markets
- Restaurant Week
- Submit Events


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I could tell you my name, but I won't. You're smart. You'll find out soon enough.
I have tangled red hair that I keep pulled back with a gray piece of twine. That old string is probably worth less than dirt, but I'll never let it go. My eyes are icy, more gray than blue. I'm seventeen, but look older. I might look a bit creepy.
Anyway, I have my telescope.
"What's so funny?" I ask as I walk backwards through the park.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tag: Watch WWE Raw 19th September full
Watch WWE Raw 9/19/16
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Watch WWE Raw 9/19/16 - 19th September 16 - 9/19/2016 Online wwe Full Show Free NOTE: If Video Die, Please click REPORT VIDEO DIE on the upper or Comment below. We will fix immediately. Hope you have a happy ti...


text:
Atlanta, Georgia Personal Injury & Wrongful Death Law Firm
Childers, Schlueter & Smith, LLC
1932 North Druid Hills Road
Suite 100
Atlanta, Georgia 30319
Suite 100
Atlanta, Georgia 30319
(404) 419-9500 or(800) 641-0098
(404) 419-9501
Law Firm Overview
Childers, Schlueter & Smith, LLC was founded in 2001. Our trial lawyers have the skill and expertise needed to successfully represent those harmed in many different types of personal injury cases. We are a preeminent national law firm that is driven by years of experience and exceptional results.
Areas of Law
Motor Vehicles (continue)
Personal Injury (continue)


text:
Canada holidays
Select an image to see larger
Hotel rating: Superior
The Four Seasons Vancouver is just a short walk from many of Vancouver's attractions, shops and restaurants, with easy access to transport links, and the city centre Skytrain station just 100 metres away. Guestrooms are decorated in soothing colours such as tea green and amber with plush furnishings for a seriously relaxing and comfortable stay. The hotel's seafood restaurant features 300 wines by the glass.
Features: 372 rooms, seafood restaurant, bar, spa, 2 pools, fitness centre.
Room amenities: Television, down duvets, safe, iron, bathrobes.
Please call 020 7873 5000 for more information or to make a booking.
Alternatively, discover other hotels and what to do in Vancouver
ExceptionalTruly exclusive and exceptionally luxurious.
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Discover the highlights of western
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The Georgian Court Downtown Vancouver Hotel offers centrally located 4-star...


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Tuesday, January 13, 2015
Words to Live by for 2015
The year 2015 is already upon us. Many of us have made New Year resolutions that will only last the first week in January. I thought that it would be fun to list some interesting "Words of Wisdom" to live by for the new year instead of trying to maintain certain New Year's resolutions that most of us probably won't keep. I have always enjoyed reading thought-provoking quotes. With that in mind, I have put together a list of ten of my favorite quotes about love, life, faith, philosophy, and wisdom as powerful words to live by for 2015.
10. "A person who won't read has no advantage over one who can't read." (Mark Twain)
9. "Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle." (Socrates)
8. "Success is the result of perfection, hard work, learning from failure, loyalty, and persistence." (Colin Powell)
7. "Going to church doesn't make you a Christian any more than going to a garage makes you an automobile." (Billy Sunday)
6. "Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that." (Martin Luther King)
5. God has given us two hands—one to receive with and the other to give with. We are not cisterns made for hoarding; we are channels made for sharing." (Billy Graham)
4. "The day the power of love overrules the love of power, the world will know peace." (Mahatma Gandhi)
3. "Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none." (William Shakespeare)
2. "The will of God will not take us where the grace of God cannot sustain us." (Billy Graham)
1. Faith is not the denial of facts but the recognition of a greater truth. (Unknown)
If you enjoy reading quotes as much as I do, check out this interesting website and Happy New Year!
Andrei Jones
Five Points West Library
Posted by Tressa at 10:48 AM
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Meet Christopher Kleck
Dr. Christopher Kleck is a fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon in the Denver metro area. Dr. Kleck specializes in both surgical and non-surgical treatment options.
Dr. Kleck is committed to providing the highest quality professional and ethical care to all patients through integration of comprehensive education and exceptional musculoskeletal research.
Dr. Christopher Kleck is an Orthopedic Surgeon with University of Colorado Hospital Orthopedics.
Directions to our primary location in
How Christopher Kleck Can Help You
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Arthritis
- Fractures
- Spinal Injuries
- Sprains/Strains
- Fracture Care
- Non-Surgical Treatments
- Orthopaedic Surgery
Accolades for Christopher Kleck
Professional Distinctions
- Fellowship,Orthopaedic Surgery - University of Colorado
- Assistant Professor of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Professional Affiliations
- North American Spine Society
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon
Office Information for Christopher Kleck
Primary Location:
1635 Aurora Court
4th Floor
Aurora, CO 80045
Additional Locations
2150 Stadium Drive
Boulder, CO 80309
Driving directions
Profile last updated: September 1, 2016. This information was supplied by or on behalf of the provider.


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Shoegaze and Western
I know its hot outside, so what are you gonna do? You could sit under a cold shower and catch pneumonia or you could listen to the ice-cold sounds of Margo Timmins and the Cowboy Junkies, who'll keep you and your baby nice and cool on Thursday. Seriously. If I had to describe the Cowboy Junkies sound, I would say something along the lines of "Canadian alt-country lounge in space." But I won't, because you'd much rather find out yourself in person. The band performs their own songs along with hardly recognizable covers, as they usually transform the originals into something much slower and dreamier. If you haven't heard their version of "Sweet Jane" you probably haven't heard them at all, and you have a treat ahead of you. Lou Reed called it the best version he'd heard, and who are you to question Lou Reed anyway?! On top of all this, their set will be played in the gorgeous Lakewood Theater. There might be candles. There will definitely be flowers. Tickets are $37.50 for balcony and auditorium seating and $45 for the front row. Doors open at 7 p.m. Visit lakewoodtheater.com.
Thu., June 17, 7 p.m., 2010
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Soleil Plage Campsite
Vitrac, DordogneSite code: DR018
Parc Summary
- Take to the water and explore the lovely Dordogne by canoe
- The medieval town of Sarlat is a short drive away
- The kids will love the pool complex here
What our customers say
Start your holiday...
A meandering river and medieval Sarlat
How will you explore your little corner of the Dordogne? Perhaps hopping in a canoe or wild swimming in the river that can be directly accessed from the parc?
Lying on the banks of the gently flowing Dordogne, Soleil Plage is the perfect place for exploring nature thanks to two small river beaches, or maybe you'll want to stay on parc to enjoy the heated pool complex, with waterslides for the kids, three pools and a Jacuzzi? The parc's lovingly converted Périgordian farm buildings are also waiting to be discovered when night arrives. They're strung with fairy lights that form the backdrop for wonderful evenings in the parc's bar and restaurant.
Extras with Eurocamp
- Linen Hire
- Eurocamp Couriers on site
- Charcoal BBQ provided free of charge
- Welcome pack
- Games
General Information
Parc size
Small - 257 Pitches:
Opening Dates:
06/05/2017 - 16/09/2017
04/05/2018 - 15/09/2018
Nearest Airport:
Bergerac (EGC) - 76km
Recommended Port:
Caen - 646km
Direct Access to River:
Dordogne - Direct Access
Nearest Town:
Sarlat - 8km
Pricing for Soleil Plage Campsite
If you like this Parc you may also like...
St. Avit Loisirs CampsiteLe Bugue , Dordogne
Weave through French countryside, past medieval villages and you will find St Avit Loisirs, one of the country's premier campsites.Read more about this parc ›
Le Val de Bonnal CampsiteRougemont , Jura
How do you fancy a spot of wild swimming in beautiful countryside? Then get yourself to the heart of the Jura and stay at Le Val de Bonnal.Read more about this parc ›
Jungfrau CampsiteLauterbrunnen , Switzerland
We're pretty sure you won't have seen anything quite like Camping Jungfrau before.Read more about this parc ›


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Affiliations: Winston-Salem, NC
Dr. Rubin is Professor and Chair of the Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Correspondence to: Bruce K. Rubin MD, FCCP, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1081; e-mail: brubin@wfubmc
We pediatricians like to remind anybody who will listen that children are not just small adults. The diseases of childhood are those of growth and development, and response of the growing child to the external environment. Genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia are usually first diagnosed in the young child, and significant congenital abnormalities of the airways, thorax, and lung are diagnosed and treated initially in the first years of life. Therapy is directed at maximizing growth potential of the child, with the recognition by pediatricians that interventions early in life can benefit the growing child and the adult; the child is clearly the father to the man.
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ICI's Stevens Moves Beyond 'Collaborative Exploration'
July 20, 2012
Paul Schott Stevens has been president and chief executive of the Investment Company Institute since 2004. He prides himself and his organization on working collegially with regulators, particularly the Securities and Exchange Commission, which oversees adherence to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and other fund industry rules.
In the past two years, however, the former lawyer has championed an industry-wide call for Chairman Mary Schapiro to not fix what isn't broken in a key segment of the industry: the $2.6 trillion money market mutual fund business. Money Management Executive spoke with Stevens about the outspoken stances on money market reforms he has taken ICI and its members on since the start of the year and what has driven him, from when he first took on his role, to be the voice for the fund industry, particularly in an ever-intensifying regulatory environment.
So what are some of the changes and challenges you're seeing from both within the ICI and in the asset management space?
Within the organization my objective was to assemble a really high-quality team and to make sure that they were working very effectively together. I saw as one of my principal challenges a need for us to bring all of the various disciplines represented on the staff to bear as we were dealing with public policy issues. That means getting lawyers, economists, lobbyists, communications and operations and other professionals working together on projects. We've done that now to a high degree of excellence and it's our standard of operating. This has made us more effective in every aspect of our work.
The challenges before us have grown apace. We had the challenge of recovering from the blow to our reputation, when I first came to the Institute, represented by the late trading and market timing scandal. I said at the time that the misdeeds of a few put the reputation of all at risk, and we had to work very hard to recover from that experience.
And no sooner were we were out of the woods than the financial crisis was upon us in 2007. That continues to be a focus of our efforts now almost five years later. I don't think there has ever been a time since I've been president when we weren't facing some kind of crisis.
In October 2011 we established a new arm of the ICI, called ICI Global, through which we have admitted to membership a class of funds offered outside of the U.S.
One aspect of my tenure here is that you can't look at the world any longer as simply the domestic U.S. market.
There are pressing issues for fund managers that are global in nature, and that's certainly a major new challenge for us. It will require us to find ways to add value for a broader and more complex membership over time.
How would you characterize your management style?
There are some issues that I have to be hands on about, but I'd like to see if we can't put the authority and responsibility at the lowest level in the organization where people can effectively handle it. I've taken the opportunity to speak formally about a whole range of issues and seek out opportunities well outside of industry conferences-in major speaking venues around the country. And these issues-including the future of the 401(k) system and retirement preparedness-are some of the most important we deal with.
One of the things I take greatest satisfaction in is that we are so much more effective than we have been in the past in our public communications work.
It's not only dealing with the media-it's articulating the issues we're addressing, the consequences for investors, and really tackling some tough subjects in a bold and public way.
For example, we published a letter in the New York Times at the time that the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction was finishing up its work urging Congress to address the U.S. deficit problem. That appeal went unheeded, but that's an example of us stepping up and raising our voice.
Who do you turn to for inspiration and advice?
ICI's board consists of chairmen and CEOs of fund firms as well as fund directors across the industry. Many of these men and women are involved in managing organizations much larger than this, and I've learned a lot through my interactions with them.
It seems that the ICI has taken a more aggressive stance with the SEC on money fund reforms over the past year or so.
I don't think of this as becoming "more aggressive." I think it is a reflection of a lot of thought and consideration.


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Olive Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)
Listing Status: and
General Information
The olive ridley was named for the olive color of its heart-shaped shell and is one of the smallest of the sea turtles, with adults reaching 2 to 2.5 feet in length and weighing 80 to 110 pounds. The species may be identified by the uniquely high and variable numbers of vertebral and costal scutes. Although some individuals have only five pairs of costals, in nearly all cases some division of costal scutes occurs, so that as many as six to nine pairs may be present. In addition, the vertebral scutes also show frequent division, as do the scales on the dorsal surface of the head. The prefrontal scales, however, typically number two pairs. Existing reports suggest that the olive ridley's diet includes crabs, shrimp, rock lobsters, jellyfish, and tunicates. In some parts of the world, algae has been reported as its principal food.
Population detail
The FWS is currently monitoring the following populations of the Olive Ridley sea turtle
Population location: Breeding colony populations on Pacific coast of Mexico
Listing status: Endangered
- Countries in which the this population is known to occur: Mexico
- Additional species information
Population location: Wherever found, except when listed as endangered under 50 CFR 224.101
Listing status: Threatened
- States/US Territories in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: California , Hawaii , Oregon
- US Counties in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: View All
- USFWS Refuges in which this population is known to occur:
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument
- Countries in which the this population is known to occur: Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Federated States of Micronesia, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Martinique, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (Burma), Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen
|Date Listed
|Lead Region
|Where Listed
|Foreign (Headquarters)
|Breeding colony populations on Pacific coast of Mexico
|Southeast Region (Region 4)
|Wherever found, except when listed as endangered under 50 CFR 224.101
» Federal Register Documents
|Citation Page
|1999-03-23 00:00:00.0
|(NOAA/NMFS) Endangered and Threatened Species; Regulations Consolidation; Final Rule
|1987-06-29 00:00:00.0
|NOAA--Sea Turtle Conservation; Shrimp Trawling Requirements; 52 FR 24244- 24262
|1978-07-28 00:00:00.0
|Listing and Protecting Loggerhead Sea Turtles as "Threatened Species" and Populations of Green and Olive Ridley Sea Turtles as Threatened Species or "Endangered Species"
|1980-05-01 00:00:00.0
|Threatened Fish and Wildlife; Green, Loggerhead, and Olive Ridley Sea Turtles
» Recovery
|Plan Action Status
|Plan Status
|Recovery Plan for U.S. Pacific Populations of the Olive Ridley Turtle
|View Implementation Progress
|Final Revision 1
|Recovery Plan for U.S. Pacific Populations of the Olive Ridley Turtle
|View Implementation Progress
|Final Revision 1
|Olive ridley 5-yr review
|Olive ridley 5-yr review
» Critical Habitat
No critical habitat rules have been published for the Olive Ridley sea turtle.
» Conservation Plans
No conservation plans have been created for Olive Ridley sea turtle.
» Petitions
» Life History
No Life History information has been entered into this system for this species.
» Other Resources
NatureServe Explorer Species Reports -- NatureServe Explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50,000 plants, animals and ecological communtities of the U.S and Canada. NatureServe Explorer provides in-depth information on rare and endangered species, but includes common plants and animals too. NatureServe Explorer is a product of NatureServe in collaboration with the Natural Heritage Network.
ITIS Reports -- ITIS (the Integrated Taxonomic Information System) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.
FWS Digital Media Library -- The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library is a searchable collection of selected images, historical artifacts, audio clips, publications, and video.


text:
Is there a way to make Spiceworks automatically add attachments from emails to tickets?
7 Replies
Jul 21, 2009 at 11:12 UTC
It should do this automatically
Jul 21, 2009 at 11:33 UTC
Is there any setting I could have that would prohibit this from happening? Its not adding attachments from emails to tickets.
Aug 4, 2009 at 12:19 UTC
There have been issues in the past with multiple attachments - how many times have you tested this, and with how many attachments?
Aug 5, 2009 at 1:02 UTC
It only happened once, and with only one attachment. I don't know of any other attachments being sent since then.
Aug 5, 2009 at 2:02 UTC
Spiceworks should have no problem pulling in multiple attachments.
I just confirmed this works without a hitch with Exchange 2003.
If you can reproduce this it would be helpful. Are you setup to check emails via Exchange or POP/IMAP?
Aug 7, 2009 at 2:22 UTC
Just tested again with a very small JPG (I've never even tried with multiple attachments, but it certainly doesn't like receiving just one). It didn't work. I'm using Exchange 2007.
Aug 7, 2009 at 2:28 UTC
There is a problem with Exchange and in-line attachments (discovered this yesterday myself) that will be patched in 4.1, which is due to be released very soon.
Are you attaching these pictures, or dropping them into the email as an in-line attachment?


text:
Honey and Vinegar
Marge couldn't help choking as she breathed in the vinegar. Her eyes were watering, yet she continued to slice the onions.
"How many years have I been telling you," came a weathered voice from the living room, "you can buy that stuff at the shops."
"It doesn't taste the same," said Marge as she reached for a chilli to add to the mixture. "Henry's dead and Henry loved my pickles."
Bert appeared in the doorway now, an old man with silver hair that didn't quite match his wife's volume.
"Do we have to go to the funeral? I never liked that man. And he's not exactly going to climb out of the coffin to eat your pickles."
Marge wiped a tear with the edge of her apron. "These damn onions," she said.
Bert shrugged. "They say it's the eyes. That if you cover them, the whiff won't be able to make you cry."
"A fine help I'd be to anyone if I covered my eyes," she spat.
Marge went quiet. There was only so long you could try not to see things, try not to cry, she thought to herself.
As Bert walked across the kitchen, scratching his chest and snorting in that way that seemed to cut right through her, she sat heavily on the three-legged wooden stool behind her.
Marge thought back to the first time she had sat on that stool. She was a young girl then, pretty they told her. It was 1938 and she opened the large brown envelope anxiously. There it was, in black and white. Nursing Diploma. Margery Whitestone.
Her father stepped into the kitchen.
"Daddy I did it! I passed."
He shrugged. "Still don't know what the point is. You'll marry a good man and look after him. Not some stranger in a hospital bed."
Marge gulped. But she put the paper back in the envelope, swallowed her feelings and smiled.
"There's the big dance tonight. Mum would have wanted me to go."
"Yes," she would he said.
That night would be the first time she met Henry.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 20, 2007
|Filing date
|Jul 1, 2003
|Priority date
|Jul 1, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Burke Barrett, Ramish K. Reddy, Mitchell S. Roslin
|Original Assignee
|Cyberonics, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (82), Non-Patent Citations (28), Referenced by (69), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/346,396, filed Jul. 1, 1999, assigned to the same assignee as the present application, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,587,719, issued Jul. 1, 2003.
The present invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for treating eating disorders by application of modulating electrical signals to a selected cranial nerve, nerve branch or nerve bundle, and more particularly to techniques for treating patients with overeating disorders, and especially obese patients by application of such signals bilaterally to the patient's vagus nerve with one or more neurostimulating devices.
Increasing prevalence of obesity is one of the most serious and widespread health problems facing the world community. It is estimated that currently in American 55% of adults are obese and 20% of teenagers are either obese or significantly overweight. Additionally, 6% of the total population of the United States is morbidly obese. Morbid obesity is defined as having a body mass index of more than forty, or, as is more commonly understood, being more than one hundred pounds overweight for a person of average height. This data is alarming for numerous reasons, not the least of which is it indicates an obesity epidemic. Many health experts believe that obesity is the first or second leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States, with cigarette smoking either just lagging or leading. A recent study from the Kaiser HMO system has demonstrated that morbid obesity drastically increases health care costs (Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)).
It is the consequences of being overweight that are most alarming. Obesity is asserted to be the cause of approximately eighty percent of adult onset diabetes in the United States, and of ninety percent of sleep apnea cases. Obesity is also a substantial risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, chronic venous abnormalities, numerous orthopedic problems and esophageal reflux disease. More recently, researchers have documented a link between obesity, infertility and miscarriages, as well as post menopausal breast cancer.
Despite these statistics, treatment options for obese people are limited. Classical models combining nutritional counselling with exercise and education have not led to long term success for very many patients. Use of liquid diets and pharmaceutical agents may result in weight loss which, however, is only rarely sustained. Surgical procedures that cause either gastric restriction or malabsorption have been, collectively, the most successful long-term remedy for severe obesity. However, this type of surgery involves a major operation, can lead to emotional problems, and cannot be modified readily as patient needs demand or change. Additionally, even this attempted remedy can sometimes fail (see, e.g., Kriwanek, "Therapeutic failures after gastric bypass operations for morbid obesity," Langenbecks Archiv. Fur Chirurgie, 38(2): 70-74, 1995).
It is difficult to document many cases of long term success with dietary counselling, exercise therapy and behavioral modification. The introduction of pharmacologic therapy may help improve these results; however, to date pharmacologic remedies have not been able to document long term success. In addition, the chronic use of these drugs can lead to tolerance, as well as side effects from their long term administration. And, when the drug is discontinued, weight returns.
To date, surgical procedures such as gastric bypass or vertical banded gastroplasty have demonstrated the best long term success in treating people with morbid obesity. However, these operations are highly invasive and carry risks of both short and long term complications. Additionally, such operations are difficult to modify, and cannot be regulated up or down if the clinical situation changes.
As a result, a pressing need currently exists for better treatment options for obesity. The long-term failure of liquids and pharmaceuticals aptly demonstrates a need for a life-long control mechanism. A perfect treatment would be adjustable and could be regulated as needed. It would need to be with the patient at all times. The applicants herein are convinced that vagal nerve stimulation has the potential to meet those requirements as a safe and effective treatment for obesity, through an extension of the vagal stimulation technique disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,263,480 to J. Wernicke et al., assigned to the same assignee as the present application. The '480 patent discloses that treatment for eating disorders in general, and obesity and compulsive overeating disorder in particular, may be carried out by selectively applying specially adapted modulating electrical signals to the patient's vagus nerve by a neurostimulator which is preferably totally implanted in the patient, but may alternatively be employed external to the body or even percutaneously. The modulating signals themselves may be stimulating or inhibiting with respect to the electrical activity of the vagus nerve, but for purposes of that patent, both cases were sometimes included within the term "stimulating". In essence, stimulation of vagal activity could cause more neural impulses to move up the nerve whereas inhibition of vagal activity could block neural impulses from moving up the nerve. The modulating signals can be used to produce excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter release.
According to the '480 patent, strategies for vagal modulation, including adjusting the parameters for electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve, nerve fibers or nerve bundle, depend on a number of factors. Among these are considerations of which part(s) of the nerve or the nerve fibers are to be subjected to the modulating signals; whether the patient experiences a "feeling" or sensation at the onset of the disorder or a symptom of the disorder which can be used to activate the neurostimulation generator or, alternatively, a physiologic signal is generated which can be detected and employed to trigger the modulation; and/or whether a "carryover" or refractory period occurs after modulation in which the benefit of the modulation is maintained. Further, for example, appropriate setting of pulse width and amplitude of the stimulating (modulating) signal at the output of the neurostimulator, applied via electrode(s) to the vagus nerve, might allow particular fibers of the nerve to be selectively stimulated. Also, the precise signal pattern to be used, such as the length of the time intervals in which the signal is on and off, might be adjusted to the individual patient and the particular eating disorder being treated.
In treatment of obesity, the '480 patent hypothesized that vagal stimulation could be used to produce appetite suppression by causing the patient to experience satiety, a sensation of "fullness," which would naturally result in decreased intake of food and consequent weight reduction. In effect, the brain perceives the stomach to be full as a result of the treatment.
In a then-preferred embodiment of the invention disclosed in the '480 patent for treating patients with compulsive overeating/obesity disorders, an implantable neurostimulator included a signal generator or electronics package adapted to generate an electrical output signal in the form of a sequence of pulses, with parameter values programmable by the attending physician within predetermined ranges for treating the disorder, and a lead/electrode system for applying the programmed output signal to the patient's vagus nerve. Calibration of the overall treatment system for a particular patient was to be performed by telemetry by means of an external programmer to and from the implant. The implanted electronics package might be externally programmed for activation upon occurrence of a predetermined detectable event, or, instead might be periodically or continuously activated, to generate the desired output signal with parameter values programmed to treat obesity by modulating vagal activity so as to produce a sensation of satiety.
In alternative embodiments of the invention disclosed in the '480 patent, the stimulus generator or electronics package might be located external to the patient, with only an RF coil, rectifier and the lead/nerve electrode assembly implanted; or with the lead implanted percutaneously through the skin and to the nerve electrode. The latter technique was least preferred because special precautions would be needed to avoid possible infection via the path from outside the body to the nerve along the lead.
In a preferred method of use according to the '480 patent, the stimulus generator of the neurostimulator is implanted in a convenient location in the patient's body, such as in the abdomen in relatively close proximity to the stimulating electrode system and, if applicable, to the detecting system. For treating compulsive overeating and obesity, it might be desirable to ascertain the patient's food intake, i.e., the quantity of food consumed, for example by means of implanted sensing electrodes in or at the esophagus to detect passage of food as the patient swallowed. The swallows could be summed over a preselected time interval to provide an indication or estimate of the amount of food consumed in the selected interval. Modulation of vagal activity would then be initiated if the summation exceeded a predetermined threshold level. In the preferred embodiment of the '480 patent, the stimulating electrode (nerve electrode, e.g., a cuff) would be implanted about the vagus nerve or a branch thereof in the esophageal region slightly above the stomach, and the vagal stimulation applied to produce or induce satiety. As a result, the patient would experience a satisfied feeling of fullness at a level of consumption sufficient to maintain physiologic needs but supportive of weight reduction.
In another method according to the '480 patent, the appropriately programmed output signal of the neurostimulator is applied periodically to modulate the patient's vagus nerve activity, without regard to consumption of a particular quantity of food, except perhaps at prescribed mealtimes during normal waking hours according to the patient's circadian cycle. The intent of such treatment was to suppress the patient's appetite by producing the sensation of satiety between normal mealtimes.
Alternatively, or in addition to either or both of automatic detection of the event and activation of the signal generation in response thereto, or intermittent or sustained activation according to the circadian cycle, the neurostimulator electronics package could be implemented for manual activation of the output signal by the patient, as by placement of an external magnet over the implanted device (to close a switch), or by tapping the region over the device (to cause it to respond to the sound or vibration), or by use of an RF transmitter, for example. Manual activation would be useful in situations where the patient has an earnest desire to control his or her eating behavior, but requires supportive measures because of a lack of sufficient will power or self-control to refrain from the compulsive behavior, such as binge eating or simply overeating, in the absence of the neurostimulation device.
The vagus nerve is the dominant nerve of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (see, e.g., Berthoud et al., "Morphology and distribution of vagal afferent innervation of rat gastrointestinal tract," Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 17(2), 1365, 1991). A right and a left vagus connect the GI tract to the brain. After leaving the spinal cord, the vagal afferents transport information regarding the GI tract to the brain. In the lower part of the chest, the left vagus rotates, becomes the anterior vagus, and innervates the stomach. The right vagus rotates to become the posterior vagus, which branches into the celiac division and innervates the duodenum and proximal intestinal tract. While the vagus is often though of as a motor nerve which also carries secretory signals, 80% of the nerve is sensory consisting of afferent fibers (see, e.g., Grundy et al., "Sensory afferents from the gastrointestinal tract," Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 6, S. G., Ed., American Physiology Society, Bethesda, Maryland, 1989, Chapter 10).
While the exact mechanisms that make us feel full are still being determined, much information has been accumulated. Satiety signals include the stretch of mechanoreceptors, and the stimulation of certain chemosensors ("A Protective Role for Vagal Afferents: An Hypothesis." Neuroanatomy and Physiology of Abdominal Vagal Afferents, Chapter 12, CRC Press, 1992). These signals are transported to the brain by the nervous system or endocrine factors such as gut peptides ("External Sensory Events and the Control of the Gastrointestinal Tract: An Introduction. " Neuroanatomy and Physiology of Abdominal Vagal Afferents, Chapter 5, CRC Press, 1992). The role of vagal afferents in the transmission these signals has been demonstrated by numerous studies. Ritter et al. has demonstrated that direct infusion of maltose and oleic acid into the duodenum of rats leads to a reduction in oral intake. This response is ablated by vagotomy or injection of capsaicin, which destroys vagal afferents. Similarly, systemic cholecystokinin has been demonstrated to reduce intake in rats. This response is also ablated by destruction of vagal afferents. A plethora of literature makes it clear that vagal afferent fibers are an important source of information to the brain regarding the quantity and quality of the ingests.
The present invention is based on the applicants' study of particular methods and techniques of vagus nerve stimulation after numerous studies that have indicated the vagus to be an important nerve transporting satiety signals from the gut to the brain. Studies in rat models have demonstrated that the vagus nerve is the "information superhighway" for conducting signals from agents such as cholecystokinin and enterostatin. It remains to be determined whether and how such signals could be mimicked by using vagal nerve stimulation. Greater attention to use of vagal stimulation in treating obesity is also prompted in part by the knowledge that vagal nerve stimulation has been shown to be safe and effective when used long-term to treat epilepsy. That is to say, the regimen in studies involving use of vagal stimulation techniques to treat obesity would not involve the extreme measures or short- and long-term side effects on the patient that have characterized treatment methods of the type described above in the background section.
According to the present invention, a method of treating patients for obesity includes performing bilateral stimulation of the patient's vagus nerve by applying a stimulating electrical signal to the right and left vagi, wherein the parameters of the signal are predetermined to produce a sensation of satiety in the patient. The signal could be applied synchronously to the right and left vagi or asynchronously. The stimulating electrical signal is preferably a pulse signal which is applied intermittently to the right and left vagi according to the duty cycle of the signal (i.e., its on and off times). Also, the intermittent application of the stimulating electrical signal is preferably chronic, rather than acute. Nevertheless, it is possible that the bilateral stimulation could be delivered continuously to the right and left vagi to achieve some success in the treatment, and/or that acute application might suffice in some circumstances.
Also, it is conceivable that the stimulating electrical signal applied acutely to the right and left vagi during a customary mealtime, or from a short time preceding and/or following the mealtime, according to the patient's circadian cycle, could be somewhat effective in certain cases. Although an automatic delivery of bilateral intermittent stimulation is preferred, it is also possible that application of the stimulating electrical signal to the right and left vagi might be controlled by an external commencement signal administered by the patient, as by use of an external magnet brought into proximity with the implanted device.
In general, the same stimulating electrical signal is applied to both the right and left vagi, but it may also be possible to apply a different stimulating electrical signal to the right vagus from the stimulating electrical signal applied to the left vagus. Further, although two separate nerve stimulator generators may be implanted for stimulating the left and right vagi, a single nerve stimulator generator may be implanted for bilateral stimulation if the same signal is to be applied to both the left and right branches of the vagus, whether delivered synchronously or asynchronously to the vagi.
Preferably, the stimulating electrical signal is applied at the supradiaphragmatic position of the left and right vagi. Also, the stimulating signal is characterized by a current magnitude below a predetermined physiological response to stimulation called the retching level of stimulation of the patient. This is to assure that the patient will not suffer from nausea during the periods of vagus nerve stimulation.
In summary, then, the most preferred method of treating patients for obesity, includes stimulating the left and right branches of the patient's vagus nerve simultaneously with electrical pulses in a predetermined sequence of a first period in which pulses are applied continuously, alternating with a second period in which no pulses are applied, and in which the electrical pulses are applied to the vagus nerve at a supradiaphragmatic location. The pulses preferably have an electrical current magnitude not exceeding about 6 ma, but in any event, the magnitude is preselected to be less than the level that would induce retching in the patient as determined at the time of the initial implant(s). The pulse width is adjusted to a value not exceeding about 500 ms, and the pulse repetition frequency is set at about 20-30 Hz. The second period is preferably about 1.8 times as long as the first period in the alternation of application of the stimulating pulses (i.e., the on/off duty cycle is at a ratio of 1:1.8). The pulse parameters including on time and off time are programmable by the implanting physician, using an external programmer.
Apparatus according to the invention for treating patients suffering from obesity eating disorder includes implantable neurostimulator device means for simultaneously stimulating left and right branches of the patient's vagus nerve with electrical pulses in a predetermined sequence of a first period in which pulses are applied continuously, alternating with a second period in which no pulses are applied; and electrode means for implantation on the right and left branches in a supradiaphragmatic position.
Accordingly, it is a principal objective of the present invention to provide improvements in methods and apparatus for treating and controlling overeating disorder, especially in obese patients.
It is a more specific aim of the invention to provide methods of treating and controlling compulsive overeating and obesity by bilateral intermittent pulse stimulation of the right and left vagi at a supradiaphragmatic position in the patient.
Certain embodiments of the invention provide a method of treating patients for obesity, which comprises performing bilateral stimulation of the patient's vagus nerve by applying a stimulating electrical signal to the right and left vagi, wherein the parameters of said signal are predetermined to produce a sensation of satiety in the patient, wherein said electrical signal is applied to the right and left vagi indirectly by stimulating the stomach or other visceral organ.
The above and still further aims, objectives, aspects, features and attendant advantages of the present invention will be better understood from a consideration of the following detailed description of presently preferred best mode of practicing the invention, as encompassed by certain exemplary methods and embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
The sole Figure is a simplified fragmentary illustration of the stimulus generator implanted in the abdomen of a human subject and electrodes implanted on the left and right vagus nerves above the diaphragm, with leads connecting the generator to the electrodes.
A generally suitable form of neurostimulator for use in the apparatus and method of the present invention is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/434,895, filed Nov. 10, 1989 in the names of Reese S. Terry, Jr., et al. (referred to herein as "the '895 application"), assigned to the same assignee as the instant application. The specification of the '895 application is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
According to the present invention, the patient is treated with bilateral stimulation of the right and left vagi branches at the supradiaphragmatic position of the vagus nerve, using neurostimulators (e.g., the NCP� generator available from Cyberonics, Inc. of Houston, Tex. (Cyberonics)) placed, for example, via a left anterior thoracic incision. A standard Cyberonics Bipolar Lead nerve electrode, for example, is attached to the nerve generator after the patient's eating behavior is standardized and a stable dietary pattern is observed.
In dog tests conducted by the applicants herein, the dietary pattern included twice-a-day feedings of approximately 400 grams of solid food with one scoop of soft meat product added to make the food more edible. During the surgical procedure, a threshold referred to herein as the retching threshold was documented while the animal was under anesthesia, based on the threshold value of the stimulus output current of the device at which the animal exhibited a retching or emetic response. The amount of current was adjusted to determine this threshold. Other parameters were left fixed at a frequency of 30 Hertz (Hz), a pulse width of 500 milliseconds (ms), and an on/off cycle of one minute on and 1.8 minutes off.
Following the implant of the bilateral nerve stimulators, the animals were allowed to stabilize. Once eating behavior returned to preoperative levels the vagal nerve stimulators were turned on in two canines. These two were given chronic intermittent bilateral nerve stimulation over a twenty-four hour period. Initial amplitude was set at approximately 1.0 to 1.5 milliamperes (mA) below the retching threshold, and adjusted thereafter. The retching thresholds in mA increased over a period of days.
Both chronic dogs behaved in the same manner. Initially there was no change in the eating behavior. Approximately seven to ten days later, while still being subjected to chronic intermittent bilateral nerve stimulation, eating behavior changed in both dogs. They demonstrated a lack of enthusiasm for their food, while maintaining normal behavior for all other aspects of laboratory life. Instead of consuming their meal in approximately five minutes, as had been their customary preoperative behavior, their meal consumption took between fifteen and thirty minutes. More striking was the observed manner in which they consumed the food; each of the two would eat a small portion, leave the food dish, walk around, and ultimately return to the food from what appeared to be more a case of instinct than desire.
To make certain a real effect attributable to the bilateral stimulation was being observed, after a six week period in which the intermittent stimulation was maintained, and consistent, altered eating behavior of the dogs continued, the stimulation was turned off. A remarkable change in eating behavior was observed in each dog in one week after stimulation was discontinued, each dog exhibiting a return to its normal eating pattern after a few to several days in which it enthusiastically consumed its entire meal. Then, both stimulators were turned back on to provide the chronic intermittent bilateral stimulation in each animal, and the eating pattern of the animal slowed once again after approximately 10 to 15 days to what had been observed in the postoperative period following such stimulation.
Further study was performed to determine whether unilateral stimulation would suffice, and whether a difference could be discerned between stimulation of the right vagus versus the left vagus. With only the left nerve stimulator turned for intermittent stimulation over a period of several days, no slowing in the animal's eating behavior was observed. The left stimulator was then turned off, and the latter testing was duplicated, this time using only right vagus nerve stimulation. Once again, after a period of several days of unilateral intermittent stimulation, no slowing of the animal's eating behavior was observed.
Finally, both nerve stimulator generators were turned back on and, after a period of several days of the bilateral stimulation, each of the animal's eating behavior reverted to the slowed pace that had been observed in the postoperative period following such stimulation. The applicants postulate that these tests demonstrate that bilateral chronic intermittent stimulation is effective to change eating behavior in animals, and this same treatment is expected to be effective in changing eating behavior in obese human patients and in human patients suffering from compulsive overeating disorder, whether or not the patient is obese in the more strict sense of that term.
Moreover, the testing further demonstrated by use of acute as well as chronic stimulation that a positive response of satiety was the cause of the lack of interest of the animals in food, rather than a negative response of nausea or sick stomach. In the acute testing protocol the animals were not subjected to bilateral stimulation of the vagi until fifteen minutes to one half hour before feeding time, and throughout the meal. Such acute bilateral stimulation failed to change the eating behavior of the animals from normal baseline eating pattern to a demonstrably slowed eating pattern—change that would have been expected to occur if the stimulation had the effect of producing nausea. These tests tend to show that the slowed eating and apparent disinterest in food consumption is centrally mediated and the result of producing a sensation of satiety mimicking that which would occur after consumption of a full meal.
The characterization of the bilateral stimulation as being "intermittent" is made in the sense that the stimulation was performed following a prescribed duty cycle of application of the signal. The latter is a pulse signal, and is applied with a prescribed or preset or predetermined on-time of the pulses, followed by a prescribed or preset or predetermined off-time of the pulses, which could be the same as but in general is different from the on-time. It is possible, however, depending upon other parameters of the electrical pulse signal, that a continuous signal might be effective to produce the slowed eating behavior. It is also possible to use a single implanted nerve stimulator (pulse generator) with appropriate duty cycle to provide the bilateral stimulation of both vagal branches, right and left. Or the stimulation may be different for each branch and use different implanted stimulators. And although implanted stimulators are preferred, it is also possible to treat patients receiving clinical or in-hospital treatment by means of external devices that provide vagal stimulation via leads and electrodes implanted in the patient. Wholly implanted devices are preferred, however, because they allow patients to be completely ambulatory, and without interfering with routine daily activities.
Two other dogs with bilateral stimulators were studied in a different fashion. Initially their stimulators were left off (inactive), and were only turned on just prior to challenging the animal with food, that is, a few minutes before the meal, and during the meal. No effect on eating behavior was observed in response to such acute bilateral vagus nerve stimulation. That is, each dog followed its normal or baseline preoperative eating behavior without noticeable or perceptible slowing.
Some differences from stimulator to stimulator in magnitude of current in the pulses of the electrical stimulation signal may be observed, and may be attributable to things such as patient impedance, variation of the vagus nerve from right to left or between patients, and variation in contact between the vagus and the electrode implanted thereon from implant to implant.
Although certain preferred embodiments and methods of treating and controlling eating disorders through vagal modulation according to the invention have been described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the field from a consideration of the foregoing description that variations and modifications of such embodiments, methods and techniques may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention shall be limited only to the extent required by the appended claims and the rules and principles of applicable law.
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Year of fee payment: 4
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Year of fee payment: 8


text: Posted April 29, 2012 Here's all the pics in one place, with brief description of each- 1 Boston College Luke Kuechy LB 2 Midwest St. Amini Silatolu OG 4 Oklahoma defensive end Frank Alexander 4 Arkansas wide receiver Joe Adams 5 Coastal Carolina cornerback, Josh Norman 6 Wisconsin Brad Nortman Punter 7 California safety D.J. Campbell Kuechy- Read & React: Intelligent player who knows his keys and "feels" his way to the ball. Aggressiveness allows him to be fooled by those keys, like pulling guards, on misdirection and takes a false step forward on play action, but also recovers well and regularly sniffs out reverses and other trick plays to prevent big gains. Run defense: Constantly around the ball, fights traffic easily and steps into gaps instead of waiting for the ballcarriers. Tracks the ball to either sideline but needs perfect angles to beat NFL tailbacks to perimeter. Anchors and can stick bigger backs with lowered pads. Doesn't have elite size to stand up to NFL-caliber linemen, but regularly rips off blocks with strong hands and can make plays even if initially knocked backward Summary: Luke Kuechly has been one of the most productive players in college football, at any position, over the past two seasons. He set ACC and school records for career tackle totals with 532 stops. Even without a bowl game in 2011, he made 191 tackles with 12 tackles for a loss, three passes broken up and three interceptions. In 2010, Kuechly had 183 tackles (110 solo) with 10.5 tackles for a loss, 1.5 sacks, two forced fumbles and three interceptions. Kuechly admittedly lacks special foot speed, but he makes up for it in instincts and intelligence. There is no doubt that he is a fabulous run defender who produces good down-and-distance situations for his defense. His read and reaction skills are top-notch. That allows him to get in position to make tackles near the line of scrimmage. Routinely, one would see Kuechly shed a block and make a tackle for a short gain. Kuechly is extremely sound in pass defense. He does very well in zone coverage and is adept at reading quarterbacks' eyes. Kuechly has enough speed to get deep in his drops and cover more ground than one might think. While he was rarely called on to blitz, he showed some quality blitzing skills in limited opportunities. Kuechly looks like one of the safest picks in the 2012 NFL Draft. He should be able to play immediately in the NFL, and before long, he could be one of the better run-defending linebackers in the NFL. Kuechly has the ability to play in a 4-3 or a 3-4 defense. Adding weight to help him fight off NFL blockers would be a good idea, especially if he were in a 3-4. Silatolu- Silatolu has generated a buzz in the scouting community and is one of the highest-ranked small-school prospects. He had a nice showing at the Combine to help his stock. Silatolu was beaten by Wayne State's Joe Long (younger brother of Jake Long) as the Gene Upshaw Division II Lineman of the Year. In the NFL, Silatolu should be a guard or right tackle. There were some thoughts that he could be a left tackle, but sources have stated that Silatolu should be at guard or right tackle. Some rank Silatolu as a potential first-rounder, but the consensus ranking has him in the second round. Alexander- Positives: Has vines for arms to fend off blockers. Active hands as a pass rusher. Generally locates the ball. Pursues hard and shows good closing speed. Good effort production. Solid personal and football character. Negatives: Has tweener traits. Athletic ability, speed and suddenness are just adequate. Needs to develop wider variety of counters. Does not bend naturally and shows some stiffness in his lower body — limited flexibility affects his finishing ability. Does not play with strength or leverage at the point of attack. Not explosive or powerful. Limited upside. Summary: Competitive, productive, high-motor college defensive end lacking hand-in the-dirt anchor strength and stand-up fluidity. Long arms and effort-based production give him a chance to be a backup. Adams -- Strengths: Fluid athlete with explosive burst and speed to stretch the field and breeze past defenders. Has a quick first step and gets to top-speed in a hurry. Has rare suddenness with lightning footwork to create in tight areas with elusive shiftiness and change of direction skills -- tough to contain in space with make-you-miss ability. Has top-shelf balance and with lower body strength to power through arm tackles. Has very good vision to set up his moves with impressive run-after-the-catch ability -- makes something out of nothing. Has a flexible frame with good body control. Plays fast and has an eye for the big play. An impact return man with a 15.8 career average and 5 career punt returns for scores -- named SEC Special Teams Player of the Year in 2011 with 4 returns for touchdowns. Confident player and disciplined athlete, eating the right things and taking care of his body. Dangerous weapon with some offensive versatility -- experience lining up in the backfield and taking hand-offs (2 rush touchdowns, 1 pass score in his career). Weaknesses: Undersized with average height and a very lean frame -- marginal bulk and poor strength on his body. Smaller target with streaky concentration and ballskills -- only average hands and battles drops. Inconsistent on passes away from his frame and has too many body catches. Searches too much for the home run and doesn't simply take what's there -- routinely dances and goes side-to-side and backwards, resulting in negative yardage. Needs to refine his routes and become a better all-around receiver -- lacks polish. Has some ball security concerns and needs to hold onto the ball through contact. Talks too much on the field and has had to be restrained by teammates in the past. H as some durability concerns because of his size and suffered a mild stroke in 2009, something that needs to be monitored. NFL Comparison: Jerel Jernigan, New York Giants -- Dane Brugler Norman - CB Coastal Carolina Strengths: Long-armed press corner with size, athleticism and ball skills. Gets an effective jab on the receiver and has loose enough hips to turn and run. Good agility and balance when shadowing his target. Competitive player. Plays the ball as if it was thrown for him, showing burst back to the ball as well as good timing for the jump ball. Good hand-eye coordination. Rips the ball out of the hands of receivers as they grasp at it (35 career PBUs) and shows good hands to make the interception (13 career INTs). Possesses long arms (32.5) and can extend and ****** the ball as well as track the ball over his shoulder. Cagey. Will bait quarterbacks to throw in his direction and shows a surprising burst downhill. Alert run defender willing to take on and discard receiver blockers to get to the action. Enjoyed a strong week of practice at the East-West Shrine Game and and a late call-up to the Senior as an injury replacement, impressive in both environments... Big play artist on special teams, registering a school-record four blocked kicks... Weaknesses: At his best in press-man coverage as he has a high backpedal and loses a step turning without a cushion. Plays with adequate speed but there are concerns about his ability to handle the truly explosive speedsters of the NFL. Makes himself vulnerable to big plays on occassion by attempting to bait the quarterback. Was arrested in October 2009 for driving with a suspended license. Nortman - Notes: Was an all-state punter as a Wisconsin prep, and also played linebacker and tight end. Punted in all 13 games in 2008, booting 66 punts for an average of 41.8 yards with a long of 64 and 19 punts inside the 20-yard line. Totaled 49-42.0-L61-17 in '09 and 38-42.7-L76-14 in '10. Booted 46-42.2-L74-19 during his fourth and final season as the Badgers punter in '11. Positives: Good leg strength and hang time. Has a feel for directional and pooch punting. Four-year starter. Experience kicking in cold, wind and rain. Held for place kicks. Negatives: Inconsistent get-off quickness. At times, hurries himself and boots some duds. Punts die in windy conditions. Average athlete — not fleet of foot on fakes. Summary: Experienced, smart, right-footed punter who takes pride in his craft. Will have to improve delivery quickness to have a shot. Campbell - CHARLOTTE, N.C. (AP) The Panthers have selected safety D.J. Campbell from Cal with the 216th overall pick in the seventh round, their final selection in the NFL draft. The 6-0, 205-pound Campbell played in 46 games with 14 starts - 13 of those as a senior - during his career and had 110 tackles, two sacks and two interceptions. Campbell adds depth at an already crowded safety position. Along with last year's starters Charles Godfrey and Sherrod Martin and top reserve Jordan Pugh, the team also signed unrestricted free agents Haruki Nakamura and Reggie Smith to come in and compete. Coach Ron Rivera, who also played at Cal, says ''D.J. is one of these guys who is going to come in and give you something as far as the special teams is concerned.'' CHARLOTTE, N.C. (AP) The Panthers have selected safety D.J. Campbell from Cal with the 216th overall pick in the seventh round, their final selection in the NFL draft. The 6-0, 205-pound Campbell played in 46 games with 14 starts - 13 of those as a senior - during his career and had 110 tackles, two sacks and two interceptions. Campbell adds depth at an already crowded safety position. Along with last year's starters Charles Godfrey and Sherrod Martin and top reserve Jordan Pugh, the team also signed unrestricted free agents Haruki Nakamura and Reggie Smith to come in and compete. Coach Ron Rivera, who also played at Cal, says ''D.J. is one of these guys who is going to come in and give you something as far as the special teams is concerned.'' Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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