text:
BMW i8
|BMW i8
|Also called
|BMW Vision Ergonomics Dynamics
|Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
|(Vision Ergonomics Dynamics)[1]
Benoit Jacob (production i8)[2]
Richard Kim (2011 i8 Concept)[3]
|Body and chassis
|Sports car / Grand tourer (S)
|Body style
|2-door coupé
|Transverse mid-engine , all-wheel-drive
|BMW i3
|B38A15T0 1.5L turbocharged I3 engine gasoline[4]
|Aisin F21-360 FT EOP
|7.1 kWh lithium-ion battery[5]
|500 km (310 mi) in Comfort mode (NEDC)[6]
600 km (370 mi) in Eco Pro mode (NEDC)[4]
530 km (330 mi) (EPA)[7]
|Electric range
|37 km (23 mi) (NEDC)[5]
24 km (15 mi) (EPA)[7]
|2,800 mm (110 in)[8]
|4,689 mm (184.6 in)[8]
|1,942 mm (76.5 in)[8]
|1,298 mm (51.1 in)[8]
|Curb weight
|3,394 lb (1,539 kg)[9]
The BMW i8, first introduced as the BMW Concept Vision Efficient Dynamics, is a plug-in hybrid sports car developed by BMW. The i8 is part of BMW's "Project i" and it is being marketed as a new brand, BMW i. The 2015 model year BMW i8 has a 7.1 kWh lithium-ion battery pack that delivers an all-electric range of 37 km (23 mi) under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). Under the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cycle, the range in EV mode is 24 km (15 mi) with a small amount of gasoline consumption. The design is heavily influenced by the BMW M1 Hommage Concept (which is itself, a retro concept of the original M1).
The BMW i8 can go from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 4.4 seconds and has an electronic limited top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). The BMW i8 has a fuel efficiency of 2.1 L/100 km (134.5 mpg‑imp; 112.0 mpg‑US) under the NEDC test with carbon emissions of 49 g/km. EPA rated the i8 combined fuel economy at 76 equivalent (MPG-equivalent) (3.1 L gasoline equivalent/100 km; 91 mpg-imp gasoline equivalent) and '29 miles per gallon' when running in pure gasoline mode (after the battery is drained empty).
The initial turbodiesel concept car was unveiled at the 2009 International Motor Show Germany. The production version of the BMW i8 was unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. The i8 was released in Germany in June 2014. Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. began in August 2014. Global sales since mid-2014 totaled more than 10,000 BMW i8s by early November 2016, making the i8 the world's top selling plug-in electrified sports car. The top selling markets are the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany.
- 1 History
- 2 Production version
- 3 Sales and markets
- 4 Awards and recognition
- 5 Marketing
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 External links
The i8 is part of BMW's "Project i" and it is being marketed as a new brand, BMW i, sold separately from BMW or Mini. The BMW i3, launched for retail customers in Europe in the fourth quarter of 2013, was the first model of the i brand available in the market, and it was followed by the i8, released in Germany in June 2014 as a 2015 model year. Other i models are expected to follow.[10][11][12]
The initial turbodiesel concept car was unveiled at the 2009 International Motor Show Germany,[13] In 2010, BMW announced the mass production of the Concept Vision Efficient Dynamics in Leipzig beginning in 2013 as the BMW i8.[14] The BMW i8 gasoline-powered concept car destined for production was unveiled at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show.[15] The production version of the BMW i8 was unveiled at the 2013 International Motor Show Germany.[16] The following are the concept and pre-production models developed by BMW that precedeed the production version.
BMW Vision Efficient Dynamics (2009)[edit]
BMW Vision Efficient Dynamics concept car is a plug-in hybrid with a three cylinder turbodiesel engine.[13] Additionally, there are two electric motors with 139 horsepower. It allows an acceleration to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 4.8 seconds and an electronically limited top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph).[14]
According to BMW, the average fuel consumption in the EU test cycle (KV01) is 3.76 liters/100 kilometers, (75.1 mpg imp), and has a carbon dioxide emission rating of 99 grams per kilometer (1,3 l/100 km and 33g CO2/kabelham ; EU-PHEV ECE-R101). The estimated all-electric range is 50 km (31 mi), and the 24-liter petrol tank extends the total vehicle range to up to 700 km (430 mi).[14] The lightweight chassis is made mainly from aluminum. The windshield, top, doors and fenders are made from polycarbonate glass, with the body having a drag coefficient of 0.26.[17]
The designers in charge of the BMW Vision Efficient Dynamics Concept were Mario Majdandzic, Exterior Design and Jochen Paesen, Interior Design.[18]
The vehicle was unveiled in 2009 International Motor Show Germany,[19][20] followed by Auto China 2010.[21]
BMW i8 Concept (2011)[edit]
BMW i8 Concept plug-in hybrid electric vehicle includes an electric motor located in the front axle powering the front wheels rated 96 kW (131 PS; 129 hp) and 250 N·m (184 lb·ft), a turbocharged 1.5-liter 3-cylinder gasoline engine driving rear wheels rated 164 kW (223 PS; 220 hp) and 300 N·m (221 lb·ft) of torque, with combined output of 260 kW (354 PS; 349 hp) and 550 N·m (406 lb·ft), a 7.2 kWh (26 MJ) lithium-ion battery pack that allows an all-electric range of 35 km (22 mi). All four wheels provide regenerative braking. The location of the battery pack in the energy tunnel gives the vehicle a low centre of gravity, enhancing its dynamics. Its top speed is electronically limited to 250 km/h (155 mph) and is expected to go from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 60 mph) in 4.6 seconds. Under normal driving conditions the i8 is expected to deliver 80 mpg‑US (2.9 L/100 km; 96 mpg‑imp) under the European cycle. A full charge of the battery will take less than 2 hours using 220V.[15][22] The positioning of the motor and engine over the axles results in optimum 50/50 weight distribution.[22][23][24]
The vehicle was unveiled at the 2011 International Motor Show Germany, followed by CENTER 548 in New York City,[25] 42nd Tokyo Motor Show 2011,[26] 82nd Geneva Motor Show 2012,[27] BMW i Born Electric Tour at the Palazzo delle Esposizioni at Via Nazionale 194 in Rome,[28] Auto Shanghai 2013.[29]
This concept car was featured in the film Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol.
BMW i8 Concept Spyder (2012)[edit]
The BMW i8 Concept Spyder included a slightly shorter wheelbase and overall length over the BMW i8 Concept, carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) Life module, drive modules made primarily from aluminium components, interlocking of surfaces and lines, 8.8-inch (22.4 cm) screen display, off-white outer layer, orange tone naturally tanned leather upholstery.[30]
The vehicle was unveiled in Auto China 2012 in Beijing[31] and won Concept Car of the Year,[32][33][34] followed by 83rd Geneva International Motor Show 2013.[35] The designer of the BMW i8 Concept Spyder was Richard Kim.[3][36]
BMW i8 coupe prototype (2013)[edit]
The design of the BMW i8 coupe prototype was based on the BMW i8 Concept. The BMW i8 prototype has an average fuel efficiency of less than 2.5 L/100 km (113.0 mpg‑imp; 94.1 mpg‑US) under the New European Driving Cycle with carbon emissions of less than 59 g/km. The i8 with its carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) passenger cell lightweight, aerodynamically optimized body, and BMW eDrive technology offers the dynamic performance of a sports car, with an expected 0–100 km (0–60 mi) sprint time of less than 4.5 seconds using both power sources. The plug-in hybrid system of the BMW i8 comprises a three-cylinder, 1.5-liter BMW TwinPower turbo gasoline engine combined with BMW eDrive technology used in the BMW i3 and develops maximum power of 170 kW (230 hp). The BMW i8 is the first BMW production model to be powered by a three-cylinder gasoline engine and the resulting specific output of 115 kW (154 hp) per liter of displacement is on a par with high-performance sports car engines and is the highest of any engine produced by the BMW Group.[4]
The BMW i8's second power source is a hybrid synchronous electric motor specially developed and produced by the BMW Group for BMW i. The electric motor develops maximum power of 131 hp (96 kW) and produces its maximum torque of around 320 N·m (240 lbf·ft) from standstill. Typical of an electric motor, responsive power is instantly available when starting and this continues into the higher load ranges. As well as providing a power boost to assist the gasoline engine during acceleration, the electric motor can also power the vehicle by itself. Top speed in electric mode is approximately 120 km/h (75 mph), with a maximum driving range of up to 35 km (22 mi). Linear acceleration is maintained even at higher speeds since the interplay between the two power sources efficiently absorbs any power flow interruptions when shifting gears. The model-specific version of the high-voltage 7.2 lithium-ion battery has a liquid cooling system and can be recharged at a conventional household power socket, at a BMW i Wallbox or at a public charging station. In the US a full recharge takes approximately 3.5 hours from a conventional 120V, 12 amp household circuit or approximately 1.5 hours from a 220V Level 2 charger.[4][37]
The driver can also select several driving modes: SPORT, COMFORT and ECO PRO. Using the gear selector, the driver can either select position D for automated gear selection or can switch to SPORT mode. SPORT mode offers manual gear selection and at the same time switches to very sporty drive and suspension settings. In SPORT mode, the engine and electric motor deliver extra performance, accelerator response is faster and the power boost from the electric motor is maximized. And to keep the battery topped up, SPORT mode also activates maximum energy recuperation during overrun and braking as the electric motor's generator function, which recharges the battery using kinetic energy, switches to a more powerful setting. The Driving Experience Control switch on the center console offers a choice of two settings. On starting, COMFORT mode is activated, which offers a balance between sporty performance and fuel efficiency, with unrestricted access to all convenience functions. Alternatively, the ECO PRO mode can be engaged, which, on the BMW i8 as on other models, supports an efficiency-optimized driving style. On this mode the powertrain controller coordinates the cooperation between the gasoline engine and the electric motor for maximum fuel economy. On deceleration, the intelligent energy management system automatically decides, in line with the driving situation and vehicle status, whether to recuperate braking energy or to coast with the powertrain disengaged. At the same time, ECO PRO mode also programs electrical convenience functions such as the air conditioning, seat heating and heated mirrors to operate at minimum power consumption, but without compromising safety. The maximum driving range of the BMW i8 on a full fuel tank and with a fully charged battery is more than 500 km (310 mi) in COMFORT mode, which can be increased by up to 20% in ECO PRO mode. The BMW i8's ECO PRO mode can also be used during all-electric operation. The vehicle is then powered solely by the electric motor. Only if the battery charge drops below a given level, or under sudden intense throttle application such as kickdown, is the internal combustion engine automatically activated.
The vehicle was unveiled in BMW Group's Miramas test track in France.[4][38]
Production version[edit]
The production BMW i8 was designed by Benoit Jacob.[2] The production version was unveiled at the 2013 International Motor Show Germany,[11] followed by 2013 Les Voiles de Saint-Tropez.[39] It features butterfly doors, head-up display, rear-view cameras and partially false engine noise.[40] Series production of customer vehicles began in April 2014.[5] The electric two-speed drivetrain is developed and produced by GKN.[41][42][43] It is the first production car with laser headlights, reaching further than LED lights.[44]
The i8 has a low vehicle weight of 1,485 kg (3,274 lb) (DIN kerb weight) and a low drag coefficient (Cd) of 0.26. In all-electric mode the BMW i8 has a top speed of 120 km/h (75 mph). In Sport mode the i8 delivers a mid-range acceleration from 80 to 120 km/h (50 to 75 mph) in 2.6 seconds. The electronically controlled top speed is 250 km/h (155 mph).[5]
Range and fuel economy[edit]
The production i8 has a 7.1 kWh lithium-ion battery pack with a usable capacity of 5.2 kWh and intelligent energy management that delivers an all-electric range of 37 km (23 mi) under the NEDC cycle. Under the EPA cycle, the range in EV mode is 15 mi (24 km), with a gasoline consumption of 0.1 gallons per 100 mi, and as a result, EPA's all-electric range is zero. The total range is 330 mi (530 km).[7]
The production version has a fuel efficiency of 2.1 L/100 km (134.5 mpg‑imp; 112.0 mpg‑US) under the NEDC test with carbon emissions of 49 g/km.[5] Under EPA cycle, the i8 combined fuel economy in EV mode was rated 76 equivalent (MPG-equivalent) (3.1 L gasoline equivalent/100 km; 91 mpg-imp gasoline equivalent), with an energy consumption of 43 kW-hrs/100 mi and gasoline consumption of 0.1 gal-US/100 mi. The combined fuel economy when running only with gasoline is 28 mpg‑US (8.4 L/100 km; 34 mpg‑imp), 28 mpg‑US (8.4 L/100 km; 34 mpg‑imp) for city driving, and 29 mpg‑US (8.1 L/100 km; 35 mpg‑imp) in highway.[7][45]
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2014 edition of the "Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends" introduced utility factors for plug-in hybrids to represent the percentage of miles that will be driven using electricity by an average driver, in electric only or blended modes. The BMW i8 has a utility factor in EV mode of 37%, compared with 83% for the BMW i3 REx, 66% for the Chevrolet Volt, 65% for the Cadillac ELR, 45% for the Ford Energi models, 43% for the McLaren P1, 39% for the Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid, and 29% for the Toyota Prius PHV.[46]
|Power, torque@rpm
|1,499 cc (91.5 cu in) I3 turbo B38A15T0
|231 PS (170 kW; 228 hp)@5800, 320 N·m (236 lb·ft)@3700
|hybrid synchronous motor
|131 PS (96 kW; 129 hp)@?, 250 N·m (184 lb·ft)@0rpm
Special edition[edit]
The special-edition BMW i8 Protonic Red Edition model was unveiled at the 2016 Geneva International Motor Show.[47] The Protonic Red Edition will be produced at BMW Plant Leipzig from July 2016. This special edition car sports a Protonic Red paint finish with accents in Frozen Grey metallic. The colour scheme is complemented by BMW W-spoke 470 light-alloy wheels painted in Orbit Grey metallic with hubs painted in Aluminium matt and mixed-size tires (front: 215/45 R20, rear: 245/40 R20). Inside the car features red double-stitching and applications in high-grade carbon fibre and ceramic trim.[48]
The BMW i8 Spyder concept was unveiled at the 2012 Beijing Auto Show. In October 2016, BMW announced that the roadster variant would be added to the BMW i lineup in 2018. The i8 Spyder is expected to get a longer-range battery.[49]
Sales and markets[edit]
BMW originally planned to sell the i8 in about 50 countries, with the U.S. expected to be the largest sales market. In Europe, BMW expected the UK, Germany and France to be the top markets.[50] On November 14, 2013, BMW announced they are taking orders for the i8 in Japan. Pricing starts at ¥19,170,000 (US$191,500) which includes the 8% consumption tax.[51]
Global deliveries to retail customers totaled 1,741 units in 2014,[52] and 5,456 in 2015,[53] totaling cumulative sales of 7,197 units worldwide through December 2015.[52][53] In 2015 global sales of the BMW i8 exceeded the combined figure of all other hybrid sports cars produced by other manufacturers.[48] The United States is the leading market with 4,108 units delivered through October 2016,[54][55][56] followed by the UK with about 1,700 units sold through October 2016,[57] and Germany with 986 i8s registered through September 2016.[58][59][60] Since mid-2014 more than 10,000 BMW i8s have been sold worldwide by early November 2016, representing 10% of BMW global electrified model sales, and making the i8 the world's top selling plug-in electrified sports car.[61]
|This section needs to be updated. (January 2017)
|Units sold
Deliveries in Australia for the i8 commenced in March 2015 priced at $299,000 AUD.[62] 50 local examples of the i8 are allocated for Australia, with 15 of those already accounted for.[63] Unlike international sales process where the i3 and i8 are sold at dedicated BMW i Stores, Australia has six dedicated dealers across the country that will be authorised to sell the i8. Dealerships include BMW Melbourne (Southbank), BMW Sydney (Rushcutters Bay), Brisbane BMW (Fortitude Valley), Perth Auto Classic (Victoria Park), Adelaide BMW (South Australian Capital) and Rolfe Classic (Phillip).[63]
Service and repair facilities for the BMW i8 will be available at 11 authorised BMW dealers around Australia.
Pricing in China starts at CN¥1.988 million (~US$323,000).[64] Initially, sales of the BMW i brand vehicles are limited to seven dealerships in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Shenyang. BMW expects combined sales of around 1,000 units for its i3 and i8 models through December 2014.[65]
BMW introduced four variants of i8 in the Indian market in February 2015. This was the costliest offering from BMW in the country at a price of INR 2.29 Crore (Ex-Showroom) The car is sold through exclusive BMW i dealerships established in the cities of Chennai, Delhi, and Mumbai. [66][67]
A total of 61 units were delivered in Europe in June 2014, its first month in the market.[68] IHS Automotive predicts that just over 1,700 BMW i8s will be sold in Europe in 2015.[69]
- Spain
The i8 is available in Madrid since 2016.[citation needed]
- Germany
The i8 was released in Germany in June 2014,[10] with pricing starting at €126,000 (~US$169,000).[70] As of September 2016[update], registrations totaled 986 units.[58][59][60]
- Switzerland
Deliveries began in June 2014, and a total of 64 units were registered in 2014. Cumulative sales reached 117 units through June 2015.[71]
- United Kingdom
Deliveries started in the UK in July 2014, with pricing starting at GB£99,845.[72] The BMW i8 qualifies for exemption from the London congestion charge, which is one of the factors driving its demand.[69] The BMW i8 was eligible for the government's GB£5,000 Plug-in Car Grant until February 2016.[73] Despite being classified as category 2 vehicle, due to its purchase price the BMW i8 is no longer eligible for a grant. As part of changes implemented by the government to the grant scheme, from March 2016 plug-in vehicles with a retail price over GB£60,000 are ineligible for a grant.[74]
Two weeks after deliveries began, the i8 was sold out in the UK, and, by August 2014, there was a 10-month waiting list.[69] By the end of February 2015 there was a 9-month waiting list.[75] A total of 1,307 units were registered by the end of June 2016.[76] As of October 2016[update], about 1,700 i8s have been sold in the UK since mid-2014, making the British market the largest in Europe.[57]
United States[edit]
Pricing for the BMW i8 destined for the U.S. market starts at US$135,925 including destination and handling fees and before any applicable government incentives.[6] First deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. took place at the 2014 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance on August 15.[77] In order to commemorate the i8's American launch, a 2014 BMW i8 Concours d'Elegance Edition was auctioned during Gooding & Company's annual Pebble Beach Auctions. This special edition car features BMW Individual Frozen Grey Metallic exterior paint, a Dalbergia Brown leather upholstery, trim accents in BMW i Blue, and other unique features. The car was sold for US$825,000 (€616,000 or GB£495,000) on August 16, 2014, six times the retail price of the i8. The proceedings go to the Pebble Beach Company Foundation.[78]
Sales in 2015 reached 2,265 units, up 308.1% from 2014.[55] A total of 1,288 units were sold between January and October 2016.[56] Cumulative sales totaled 4,108 units through October 2016.[54][55][56]
Awards and recognition[edit]
In July 2012 the BMW i8 won the 2012 North American Concept Vehicle of the Year.[79] The BMW i8 Spyder won the 2013 Best Production Preview Vehicle award.[80] The i8 won AutoGuide's 2015 Reader's Choice Green Car of the Year.[81] BMW's i8 has been the winner of the coveted title 'World Green car of the Year' at Fame India Eco Drive 2015[82] It also was selected as Autoblog's 2014 Technology of the Year.[83] Top Gear Magazine awarded the i8 with their coveted Car of the Year award for 2014.[84] Green Car Journal awarded the BMW i8 with its 2015 Luxury Green Car of the Year.[85] The i8 won the UK Car of the Year 2015 and also UK Performance Car of the Year 2015.[75] The World Car of the Year organization declared the i8 as the winner of the 2015 World Green Car Award.[86]
Louis Vuitton produced a series of carbon-black luggage for BMW i8, which included Weekender GM i8, Garment Bag i8, Business Case i8, Weekender PM i8. The luggage series went on sale in a selection of Louis Vuitton stores worldwide (Munich, Milan, London, Paris, Moscow, Dubai, New York, Los Angeles) starting April 1, 2014.[87]
See also[edit]
- BMW ActiveE
- BMW i
- BMW i3 (BMW Mega City Vehicle)
- Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles
- List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles
- Mini E
- Plug-in electric vehicle
- Plug-in hybrid
- Lexus LC
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- ^ a b c "BMW Group sells more than 2 million vehicles in 2014" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group PressClub Global. 2015-01-09. Retrieved 2015-01-10. A total of 16,052 i3s and 1,741 i8s were sold in 2014.
- ^ a b c "BMW Group achieves fifth consecutive record sales year" (Press release). Detroit/Munich: BMW Group. 2016-01-11. Retrieved 2016-01-17. A total of 29,513 BMW i brand units were delivered to customers worldwide in 2015, up 65.9% from 2014, consisting of 24,057 BMW i3s and 5,456 BMW i8s.
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- ^ a b c Jeff Cobb (2016-01-06). "December 2015 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2016-01-17. See section "U.S. Plug-in Hybrid sales for December 2015" – A total of 2,265 BMW i8s were sold in 2015.
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- ^ a b Kraftfahrt-Bundesamtes (KBA) (January 2015). "Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Segmenten und Modellreihen im Dezember 2014" [New registrations of passenger cars in December 2014 by segment and model] (PDF) (in German). KBA. Retrieved 2015-01-27. A total of 400 units were registered in Germany in 2014.
- ^ a b Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) (January 2016). "Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Segmenten und Modellreihen im Dezember 2015" [New registrations of passenger cars by segments and models in December 2015] (PDF) (in German). KBA. Retrieved 2016-01-17. A total of 2,271 i3s and 393 i8s were registered in Germany in 2015.
- ^ a b Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) (October 2016). "Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen im September 2016 nach Segmenten und Modellreihen" [New registrations of passenger cars by segments and models in September 2016] (PDF) (in German). KBA. Retrieved 2016-11-04. A total of 1,748 i3s and 193 i8s were registered in Germany between January and October 2016.
- ^ "Three years since the market launch of BMW i. 100,000 electrified BMW on the road" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group Press Club Global. 2016-11-03. Retrieved 2016-11-03. Three year after the market launch of the BMW i3, the BMW Group has delivered more than 100,000 purely electric-powered cars and plug-in hybrids to customers worldwide. The BMW i3 alone has reached more than 60,000 units, making it the most successful electric vehicle in the premium compact segment. The BMW i8 ranks first among electrified sports cars, with more than 10,000 delivered since the middle of 2014. Additionally, there are the approximately 30,000 iPerformance plug-in hybrids sold.
- ^ "BMW i8 priced at $299,000, here in March 2015 | CarAdvice". Retrieved 2015-07-29.
- ^ a b "Official: BMW i8 to cost $300K – motoring.com.au". www.motoring.com.au. Retrieved 2015-07-29.
- ^ "BMW i8 Priced in China". GTSpirit.com. 2014-09-23. Retrieved 2014-09-23.
- ^ "BMW Takes Aim at Chinese Consumers with High-End Electric Car". Wall Street Journal. Associated Press. 2014-09-22. Retrieved 2014-09-23.
- ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/auto-travel/cars/bmw-i8-hybrid-sportscar-launched-at-rs-2-29-crore-in-india/
- ^ http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/automobiles/bmw-group-launches-bmw-i8-in-india-priced-at-rs-22900000/44471/
- ^ Jose Pontes (2014-07-28). "Europe June 2014 (Updated)". EVSales.com. Retrieved 2014-08-01.
- ^ a b c Nick Gibbs (2014-08-07). "Hip to be hybrid: BMW i8 supercar sells out". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2014-08-10.
- ^ BMWBlog (2014-08-04). "Autocar Drives BMW i8 – Video". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
- ^ Vereinigung Schweizer Automobil-Importeure. "Autoverkäufe nach Modellen – Modellstatistik" [Passenger cars by model – Statistics by model] (in German). Auto Schweiz Suisse. Retrieved 2015-07-11. Under "Modellstatistik Januar – Juni 2015" download the xls file "ModellePW2015" for CYTD 2015 sales, and under "Modellstatistiken 2008–2014" click "2014 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2014" with sales by model for 2014 – A total of 64 units were sold in 2014 and 53 during the first half of 2015.
- ^ Faye Sunderland (2014-07-17). "BMW i8 plug-in hybrid arrives in the UK". The Green Car Website. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
- ^ UK Government (2014-08-15). "Plug-in car and van grants – 3. Eligibility". UK Government. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
- ^ UK Government (2016-05-19). "Plug-in car and van grants – Eligible vehicles by category". UK Government. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
- ^ a b "he BMW i8 crowned UK Car Of The Year" (Press release). UK: BMW Group. 2015-02-27. Retrieved 2015-02-16. Download the press release attachment file (173.41 KB) for details.
- ^ RAC Foundation (September 2016). "Plug-in grant eligible vehicles licensed (at the end of Q2 2016)". UK: RAC Foundation. Retrieved 2016-09-10. A total of 1,307 i8s and 4,457 BMW i3s were registered in the UK at the end of June 2016, of which 3,131 were range extended models.
- ^ Eric Loveday (2014-08-16). "BMW Delivers First US i8". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
- ^ Staff (2014-08-17). "BMW i8 Concours d'Elegance Edition Sells For $825,000 At Auction". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
- ^ Philippe Crowe (2012-07-13). "BMW i8 Crowned 2012 Concept Vehicle of the Year". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
- ^ Zachary Shahan (2013-07-08). "BMW i8 Roadster (aka Spyder) Wins "Best Production Preview Vehicle" Award". EV Obsession. Retrieved 2014-11-15.
- ^ Staff (2014-11-13). "BMW i8 Wins 2015 AutoGuide.com Reader's Choice Green Car of the Year Award". AutoGuide.com. Retrieved 2014-11-15.
- ^ Staff (2015-07-01). "BMW i8 marks attendance at Fame India Eco Drive 2015". cartrade.com.
- ^ Sharon Silke Carty (2014-11-19). "BMW i8 named Autoblog's 2014 Technology of the Year [w/video]". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2014-11-21.
- ^ Staff (2014-12-03). "What's Top Gear's Car of 2014". Top Gear (magazine). Retrieved 2014-12-06.
- ^ Eric Loveday (2015-01-22). "Green Car Journal Award Winners Include BMW i8, Big Gas Truck, Diesel Jeep". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 2015-01-22.
- ^ "BMW i8 Wins 2015 World Green Car Award" (Press release). New York: World Car of the Year. 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ "Louis Vuitton creates tailor-made luggage for the BMW i8. Forward-looking travel bags for progressive driving made from carbon fibre." (Press release). BMW. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-09.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to BMW i8.
- BMW i8 official website
- Press kit: The BMW i8.
- 2011 BMW i8 Concept
- 2013 BMW i8 Spyder Concept
- 2015 BMW i8
- BMWi NY window into near future
- Official final production version specifications
- Virtual tour BMW i8 interior
- BMW i8 Rescue Guideline


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Police: Body found in Kansas City well identified
Was discovered in a 25-foot well near the Missouri River on Feb. 19.
Was discovered in a 25-foot well near the Missouri River on Feb. 19.
The House passed the compromise bill 109-14 Thursday.
The one day event will feature original films, panel discussions, rare public domain films, Table Top and Video Gaming.
The Senate Judiciary Committee has approved Loretta Lynch's nomination to be attorney general, sending it to the full Senate.
Officials say a United Airlines flight has landed safely after being diverted to a Wichita airport because of landing gear issues.
The University of Missouri-Kansas has set a new faculty and staff fundraising goal after surpassing the old one.
The Senate's vote Wednesday was 26-14.
Kansas lawmakers are expecting a long day of debating bills on topics that include changing local elections because a key deadline is loomin…
A bill to prohibit candidates from withdrawing from an election unless they die received first-round approval in the Kansas House.
Has spawned strong rural backlash and nagging fears that pieces of it will pop up in legislation to close a state budget shortfall.
A big predicament for a little duck in Henrico.
They thought they had found someone to love.
Commissioners vote to lower weight limit to 9 tons
Orders to U.S. factories for long-lasting manufactured goods rebounded in January as a key category that signals business investment plans s…
A 911 dispatcher who told a 13-year-old girl to "stop whining" as her father lay dying in a hit-and-run crash on a Maryland highway is out o…
Fiat Chrysler is recalling nearly 26,000 midsize cars in North America to fix automatic transmissions that might not shift into park.
Was charged Tuesday with endangering the welfare of a child.
More Americans sought unemployment aid last week, though the number of applications was still consistent with steady hiring.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
News About 2011 Hollindale Stakes
Hollindale Confirms Class Of The Kingdom Of Fife
The incredible 2011 of Chris Waller has continued with the find of the year recording his third successive victory.
My Kingdom Of Fife was unbeaten in Australia going into the Hollindale Stakes and after the race he had taken that record to three from three.
If you're yet to hear the story of My Kingdom Of Fife it really is ...
Kingdom Overrun In Hollindale Stakes Betting
There has been big movement in the betting markets overnight for the 2011 Hollindale Stakes at Gold Coast Racecourse with changes at the very top of the list.
My Kingdom Of Fife has lost the support he found early on and has been shuffled back to equal second favourite.
The horse taking over the mantle is Mick Price's Heart Of ...


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1 Special Needs Job Found
M-F, around 7-4:30
Posted by Telana P. on 5/1/2017
- Start date:
- Flexible
- 20 miles away (Strongsville, OH)
- $10–15/hr
- 1 child
In need of babysitting services for my 4 year old (5 in August). She has some behavior issues, so she cannot attend daycare. I would like to find someone who specializes in behavioral and emotional issues. She's super smart and has an above average IQ, but is in desperate need of someone who can... More


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Tomb Raider
this wiki
Tomb Raider (stylized as Lara Croft: Tomb Raider from 2001-2007) is a video game franchise that follows the adventures and exploits of Lara Croft, a world-renowned archaeologist adventuress and the series' main protagonist.
The series began in 1996 with Tomb Raider. The game was an unexpected critical and commercial success, spawning numerous games (sequels and reboots), comic books, spin-offs, movie adaptations and Lara herself as a sponsor for many companies and products.
The series was noted for being a pioneer in gaming, not only for being one of the earliest examples of 3D platforming in gaming, but proved that female protagonists in media could be strong role models.
Lara Croft Edit
Main Article: Lara Croft
The series' success has also been largely attributed to the title character. Lara Croft swiftly became an icon of not only gaming, but pop culture in general. Lara was praised for her take no prisoners' attitude, and even garnered status as a sex symbol. Lara was used in advertising of Lucozade, Seat cars, and even a line of chocolate bars.
Media Edit
Tomb Raider may also refer to:
- Tomb Raider (1996 Game) - The first ever game in history starring adventurer Lara Croft.
- Tomb Raider (2013 Game) - Reboot of Tomb Raider franchise in 2013.
- Tomb Raider (Game Boy Color) - First Handheld Console version of Tomb Raider games.
- Tomb Raider (Top Cow Comics) - A comic series by Top Cow. Exist in their own Universe.
- Tomb Raider (Dark Horse Comics) - A comic series by Dark Horse, set in 2013 reboot timeline.
- Tomb Raider (Slots) - An online gambling game by Microgaming.


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|Reviews for Secrets, Disguises and Forgotten Desires
| NightGal chapter 1 . 9/19/2008
Ooh la la~
This story look GREAT!
Please Update Soon! xD
| Setsuna chapter 1 . 9/13/2008
You've certainly made me curious. I can't wait for the next update :D
| laravine chapter 1 . 9/12/2008
1-I love the idea of the story
2-This chapter was great
3-I cant wait to read your story
| Hana Natsumi Hime chapter 1 . 9/12/2008
so intersting hope u update soon
| xHarryPotterANDTwilight4EVERx chapter 1 . 9/12/2008
great work! this is a Itachi ans Sakura fanfic right? lol! im so stupid! stupid questionz!so0 are sasuke and itachi going to acted brotherly? lol! updated quickly!


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What types of injuries can I file personal injury claims for?
- Car accident injuries
- Dog bites
- Defective drugs and/or products
- Slip and fall injuries
- Work injuries/workers' compensation
How do I know what my personal injury case is worth?Many factors go into determining the settlement of your personal injury case. Different states have different laws in regards to who can receive compensation for what and from whom. Even if your state laws are in your favor, you will have to be able to prove how you were injured and how badly you were injured. A personal injury attorney can give you a better idea of how strong your case is. If your case is strong, it is possible to receive compensation for the following:
- Emotional suffering
- Expenses for injury-related travel (to and from hospital/doctor)
- Loss of job or revenue
- Medical bills
- Other incurred expenses
- Physical pain and suffering
- Property damage


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Prompt: Never again
Fandom: Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Characters: Buffy Summers, Spike
Pairing: Buffy Summers/Spike
Summary: Every time she tells herself never again.
Every time she dresses quickly, pats down her hair, and slinks out of his crypt she promises herself that it'll never happen again. She goes home and stands under a scalding shower. She tries to wash off his scent, she tries to forget about the way he makes her feel, she tries to feel again, but it never works. She'll always go back for more, and she'll always need him to make her feel.


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Series: California World History Library
161 pages, 7 b/w maps, 4 tables
University of California Press
Presented here is the final and most coherent section of a sweeping classic work in environmental history, The Unending Frontier. The World Hunt focuses on the commercial hunting of wildlife and its profound global impact on the environment and the early modern world economy. Tracing the massive expansion of the European quest for animal products, The World Hunt explores the fur trade in North America and Russia, cod fishing in the North Atlantic, and whaling and sealing on the world's oceans and coastlands.
List of Maps and Tables
Foreword by Edmund Burke
Introduction by J. R. McNeill
1. Furs and Deerskins in Eastern North America
2. The Hunt for Furs in Siberia
3. Cod and the New World Fisheries
4. Whales and Walruses in the Northern Oceans
There are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first to review this product!
John Richards was Professor of History at Duke University and editor of Land, Property and the Environment (2001). He was also coeditor of World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (1988) and Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (1983). He died in 2007.
John McNeill is professor of history at Georgetown University and author of several books on world and environmental history, most recently Mosquito Empires: Ecology and War in the Greater Caribbean, 1640-1914 (2010).


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BodySpace 2007 Transformation Contest: Who Should Win?
Eight competitors, each fighting for $1,000 in cash & USPlabs supplements. 8 contestants, each transforming their bodies. 8 people like you and me, each shedding bodyfat & gaining muscle. Who has made the most progress in 90 days? Vote now!
The Final Week: Who Should Win?
As we enter the final week of the official 2007 BodySpace Transformation Group Blog Contest, it's finally down to crunch time. As of March 31, 2007, the 3-month long transformation contest will be over, and Bodybuilding.com staff members get ready to engage in the very tough task of choosing a winner for the contest.
Eight contestants competed, but only one will
walk away with $1,000 in cash and supplements!
The winner of the 3-month contest will have earned themselves not only a transformed, healthier body (the real prize!), but also a check for $500.00 USD, and $500 worth of USPlabs supplements.
Of course, all 8 of our players have earned themselves not only healthier bodies, but our utmost respect as well - and as such, they are all winners. But the cash and prizes are still up for grabs, so...
To Visit The Contest Blog, Click Here.
To Read More About This Contest, Click Here.
To Jump Straight To The Voting, Click Here.
Poll: Vote For The Best Transformation!
Before you jump right in and vote, please review each of their individual "Progress To Date" photos here (in no particular order):
- Progress To Date: Nitaant
- Progress To Date: Raquelle
- Progress To Date: Ben
- Progress To Date: Vanessa
- Progress To Date: George
- Progress To Date: Matthew
- Progress To Date: Philip
- Progress To Date: Chuck
There are actually two places to vote:
- Here on this page (just above).
- In the accompanying forum thread.
...so go ahead, cast your vote and tell us why you think your pick should win!
About The Contest
The official start date for the contest was January 1, 2007. The official end date is March 31, 2007, which makes 90 full days or 3 full months. The contestants are expected to have taken "Before photos" on or before the first day of the contest with a newspaper proving the date of the photo.
Each week, they are also required to take and post current Progress photos, too. At the end of the contest, they will be required to post "After photos," also with newspapers. Other requirements are that each contestant posts on the blog frequently (at least every other day, except in exceptional circumstances) and informs us, the readers, as well as each other how they're doing, what supplements they're using, what exercises and diet plans they're following.
Some contestants expressed an interest in also posting video clips of workouts, etc., and although not required, can be quite amusing. Check them out here.
There are lots of prizes up to grabs in this contest, including a $500 USD cash prize for the winner of the contest, plus $500 worth of free USPlabs supplements. Additional smaller supplement prizes have been procured for some of the runners-up, including free supps from SciVation, Controlled Labs, ALRI, Higher Power, etc. Click here to read all about the prize structure details, supplement company sponsors, and dollar amounts up for grabs.
Editor's Note
Note: This poll is strictly for entertainment purposes only, and will not affect the results. This is only to gauge popular opinion. The poll announcement was originally posted here.
Many thanks go out again to our sponsors for this contest:
Please remember these sponsors and their support for BodySpace and this transformation contest when it comes time to place your next order. They really do support all of our efforts to lead healthier, happier, and stronger lives!
If you are still a little unclear about the contestants and their stories, click on Part 1 to get a little more acquanted with them - then come back and vote!


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Hotel Klausnerhof is a hotel in the Ziller Valley with Traditional Flair. For four generations, now, the hotel has been providing the guests with the utmost in hospitality.
The hotel provides 31 new and exclusive Rooms and Suites, an unparalleled Wellness Area, traditional Tyrole...
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text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Overstockdealz.com Consumer Depot Martin FikeNashiville, Tennessee U.S.A.
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 05/12/2008 07:36 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/overstockdealzcom-consumer-depot-martin-fike/nashiville-tennessee/overstockdealzcom-consumer-depot-martin-fike-bought-guitar-hero-bundle-that-did-not-work-332093. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
This event is added by Kodoom Robot, We're waiting for final details from the organizer.
13 sizdah bedar party PastThursday, Apr 2, 2015 ,
10:00 AM - 10:00 PM- Wiesbaden, Germany
Contact the organizer for latest event info. Kodoom.com is not responsible for any changes made in the above information. Report or Flag this event


text:
Eric E. Sumner
Eric Eden Sumner (December 17, 1923 – January 19, 1993) was an Austrian engineer and scientist, well known for his contributions to the early developments of switching systems.[1][2]
Born in Vienna, he moved to New York City where he went to Brooklyn Technical High School, earned a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Cooper Union (1948), and M.A. degrees in physics (1953) and electrical engineering (1960) from Columbia University . Sumner joined Bell Labs (1948) where he became leader of the group that developed the pulse code modulation transmission system (1955), and later director of transmission systems (1960) that developed the T1 carrier system (1962). Following this, he led the underwater transmission laboratory projects on submarine surveillance systems (1962–67), the transmission media division in Atlanta, Georgia (1967–71) and the loop division (1971-) where he oversaw development of computerized network management systems. After retiring (1989) he served as president of the IEEE (1991) and was chairman of New Jersey Inventor's Hall of Fame. Sumner died of heart failure.[3]
He held eleven patents, and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering (1988). Sumner was an IEEE Fellow and received the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal jointly with M. Robert Aaron and John S. Mayo (1978). The IEEE Eric E. Sumner award includes a bronze medal and was instituted in his name (1995).[4]
- ^ "Eric E. Sumner". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ Memorial tribute
- ^ Eric R. Sumner, 68, an engineer is dead from New York Times
- ^ IEEE Eric E. Sumner Award
|Preceded by
Eberhardt Rechtin
|IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal
|Succeeded by
Christian Jacobaeus


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In a recent article I wrote here, I argued some major points that were problematic for skeptics in regards to the Problem of Evil. The article was written merely to give a synopsis of how the Problem of Evil is far more problematic for Atheists than it is for Theists. After leaving that article to be critiqued by the readers, I reminded myself that a true intellectual goes back and reviews his work; by this I mean he turns the argument on himself. I have always thought that the best way to evaluate whether or not an argument is a good one, is if you are the first on stage to play Devil's Advocate. Fortunately, I remembered this and went back and did some deeper thinking on the matter. Before going on, here is the portion of the article that has come into question:
First, it needs to be understood what "evil" actually is. Many people tend to give different answers to what they understand to be "evil"; however, most people tend to agree on what constitutes evil; Needless death, suffering, and pain tend to all be the first things mentioned when describing evil. While I may be partial to describing evil as those things that are opposed to God's Will, this is not the universal definition accepted by all person's, even if it includes the former things mentioned. For the sake of the argument, whenever I state the word "evil", I only mean the three things mentioned earlier: Needless death, suffering, and pain. It should also go without saying that anyone who creates any of the following is performing an evil action.
So when a skeptic states that there is evil in this world or that there is too much evil in this world, and presents that as a case against a personal Deity (or any for that matter), how do they know evil exists? Does one need to be a rocket scientist to understand that there is evil in this world? Of course not, but the difficulty that I am about to present for the skeptic has nothing to do with intelligence, rather it has to do with opposites and a matter of realization and appreciation. How does a person know or appreciate an object without knowing the properties that exist opposed to it? For instance, how could I know what heat was if I didn't know cold? A skeptic might scoff at this idea and say, "Of course you can know what cold or heat was without experiencing the other!", but to that I would disagree. Let us draw out a hypothetical scenario. Let's say, that our planet only experienced a temperature of 72 degrees Fahrenheit and that we humans never knew any other temperature below or above said degrees, would we then really believe there were such things as "cold" or "heat"? There would be no possible distinction; neither would there be any need to mention the degree of temperature at all, because there is nothing else to compare it to. Of course, this analogy can be challenged by merely stating that there are in fact differences in degrees on all parts of the planet, but as I stated earlier, this is purely a hypothetical situation and not reflective of reality. There are in fact distinctions in degrees, which allow us to measure and to also think things to either be cold or hot.
Now, let us change the analogy and mention God and creation. Let's imagine for once that God created a world without any possibility of evil and that we humans never experienced or even knew what evil truly was. Would we then know what good was? Without an opposite, there would be no realization that what we are experiencing, in any way, good,. We would have no realization of good, all it would be would be a feeling that we have inherent within us just like the beating of our hearts or our intake of oxygen; completely and utterly ignored. Though it is a stretch to say that the beating of our hearts or oxygen intake are ignored, because often times they are not , in fear that it is beating too much or too little or that we are in-taking too much or too little, but this merely solidifies my point: even the slightest differences help to provide us with realization and appreciation of what we know.
The skeptic, hopefully not denying this obvious truth, may go on to say that distinctions are necessary, but that there is in fact too much evil in this world. While I can sympathize emotionally with this claim, I cannot take it very seriously because it is a rather empty statement. How do we truly know there is too much evil in this world or even just a little more than good? How do we measure that? Maybe there is too much evil in this world, but even then, how is that an argument against God? We have already concluded that evil is necessary epistemologically, so the claim that there is even a fraction of evil in this world, which disproves a Deity, falls flat on it's face. For the irony is, in order to percieve and wish for good (a matter of appreciation), one must be able to perceive evil. So those that wish for a "perfect" world, would not recognize that it is perfect without first having experienced a world that is not perfect.
In this article, I hope to elaborate on some points I made in that article and present a much more thorough defense of the first point. Perhaps, later, I will go on to critique the other points of that article, but as of right now I think this will be a task worth putting time into.
In the first portion of my article I bring about a problem for the skeptics by asking, "How does a person know or appreciate an object without knowing the properties that exist opposed to it?". Now, I still feel this to be a very valid question in regards to how we are able to know things, especially when it comes to good and evil. Now, this is a problem for the skeptic because there seems to be a great irony here; that in order for a person to know good, they must also know evil, so for good to even be recognizable, it is epistemologically necessary for evil to exist. What this leaves the skeptic is a world where evil must exist, where then there is no longer a "problem" of evil, but a necessity. But as I pointed out before, this is not to confuse the ontological necessity of evil with that of the epistemological, however it does seem even ontologically necessary for evil to exist in order for us to know it. Something cannot be knowable if it doesn't exist. In some sense then, this invalidates the stigma that God creating evil or the possibility of evil (this distinction may be trivial or not) is actually not an evil in and of itself, but rather—I daresay—good. For the purpose of structuring these issues in their proper order we will have to get to this particular claim later in the article.
The first issue I want to touch up on is in regards to how this small claim ultimately reflects on God's quality of omniscience. As I was thinking of how we as humans obtain knowledge, it dawned on me that this creates a perplexing dilemma for the Theist. One such argument proposed by skeptics makes this problem clear:
(1) There are two general forms of knowledge; that of Conceptual Knowledge (knowledge of true propositions: 2+2= 4) and Experiential Knowledge (knowledge of how something feels physically or emotionally).
(2) In order for God to be omniscient, He must know both these forms of knowledge.
(3) God, being incorporeal, cannot know what something feels like physically or emotionally.
(4) The incarnation, while it may seem to remedy this problem, is an event that happens within Time and is a new experience to God.
(5) Being a new experience, this would mean that God learns something, which cannot be if He is omniscient.
(6) Seeing as God either cannot or did not at some point possess the knowledge of how something feels physically, this means that God was never or is not omniscient.
Note that it appears not to tie into the primary claims of my argument; however, this problem and its solution are essential to the argument as a whole. The skeptic is arguing that because God cannot feel physical or emotional experiences due to His incorporeal nature that this therefore leaves God without that knowledge. Two ways to possibly get around this problem are by asserting a concept by Aquinas called "discursiveness" (though it seems that this causes problems for the general concept of time as well as God's sovereignty and the issue of Free Will) so as to place the incarnation well within an eternal present state and therefore remedying the issue of physical experience, and by asserting that emotional experience is merely conceptual and a part of our general thoughts. While I will not dismiss these solutions, I will attempt to propose a much easier route.
Some skeptics differentiate between two forms of knowledge: that of Conceptual Knowledge and Experiential Knowledge, however, within the field of Epistemology, there are actually three types of knowledge that could fit into either of these two categories. So what is knowledge? The three forms claimed within formal philosophical circles today are: (1) Knowledge By Acquaintance, (2) Know-How Knowledge, and (3) Propositional Knowledge. The first type of knowledge, Knowledge by Acquaintance, is that which is experienced by the senses. For instance, I see a red ball in my front yard, so I know what a ball and the color red are. Similarly, this form of knowledge is also associated with knowledge of how we determine 2 + 2 = 4. To be able to think in ways like "A therefore B", is also considered a type of "seeing". The second type of knowledge, the knowledge of "Know-How" is that concerning things I can or cannot do. For instance, I can play baseball; I know how to swing a bat to hit the ball and I also know how to catch it. Finally, the third type of knowledge, Propositional Knowledge, is a type of knowledge where a person knows P where P is a proposition (the content of a sentence or statement).
It would appear that among the three forms all of them would qualify as Conceptual and Experiential knowledge; Conceptual in that all experiences of learning are retained as concepts and Experiential in that all experiences of learning are brought about by the senses (I have to see, hear, etc. in order to learn). Where I would disagree with those skeptics that assert the two types of knowledge, is that I only believe there to be one, which is Conceptual Knowledge; in that I believe experience merely leads one to obtain knowledge and is not knowledge in and of itself. For instance, when I experience a burn from touching an open flame I've learned that the flame hurts me and I retain the memory of that pain, but the memory itself is only retained as a concept and not as an actualization of the experience itself. Whenever I conjure up this memory the experience of that flame does not happen again. This is to say, that my knowledge of pain exists independent of the experience, though in order to be learned it is dependent on me experiencing it. Though many Philosophers argue over what constitutes "true" knowledge these days one feature that is not argued over is that in order for something to be known it must be retained. What I argue is that the experience itself is not retainable.
A possible objection is that I can know what something feels like, which is distinct from my concept of it. To this I would say that this is impossible, because knowledge is not independent from the ability to store it. You do not know what you cannot store in your memory and knowledge in and of itself has no ontological status; perhaps memory does, but this is different. Going back to the burn analogy, I retain only a concept of what something feels like. I know I don't like it. I know it's harmful. What I don't know is what it feels like. Someone could say that they do in fact know what it feels like; a sensation like horrid bee stings covering every single inch of flesh converging with an icy chill that numbs the body. But this is merely a concept. The experience itself is no longer retained. I cannot retain the sensation no more than I can retain a drunken state. If people could retain a drunken state then there would be no need to get drunk again.
But even if we postulated that someone could retain a state of experience does this mean that their knowledge of it is similar to that experience? It would seem not. The mere fact that people can seemingly become conditioned to certain experiences seems to indicate that their concept of that experience differs from the experience itself. Someone may state that the body is what is adjusting to the experience, but it seems odd to disregard the mind from this. One only need remind the skeptic that the concept can exist independent of the experience itself, as stated earlier. I may know that something hurts in general or that something hurts more than something else, but this doesn't mean I am retaining the actualized experience within my mind. It seems then that experience only helps to provide knowledge rather than be knowledge.
If the skeptic accepts this reasoning then a further objection could be raised: "If in fact, actualized experiences cannot be retained and therefore are not a form of knowledge, this only means that actualized experiences cannot be known in and of themselves. But, actualized experiences exist and anything that exists can be known. If God knows everything, then He must know actualized experiences."
It could be argued that actualized experiences do not really exist, but then it would seem that they are merely illusions. If this were the case, then we truly do not know them in concept either. So it seems that actualized experiences do in fact exist. And this is where it begins to get interesting.
Previously I argued that in order for people to know something, such as good, they must experience and know the anti-thesis (or something distinct but relational to) of that object. In doing so, I realized this created a conundrum that I have already attempted to solve: If God knows everything, He must know that which we do not know (actualized experiences) and He must know Good and Evil before they were ever actualized among mankind. This problem suggests that God must therefore, be able to experience both these things in absence of everything else, but Himself. But if God is all that existed before Creation and he was omniscient then this implies that these experiences are a part of God. But wait, actualized experiences and evil as a part of God? Blasphemy!
Blasphemy may be correct, but let's first determine how these experiences, such as actualized physical experiences, can be known by God and are a part of God. First, it must be stated that in determining what knowledge actually is, I do not distinguish this from how God knows. At first, this may appear to be appealing to the last objection of the skeptic, but this is only if the actualized and the conceptual are different within the mind of God. I would argue that they are not. God can only know things by concept. But if God only knows things by concept, then what does that make of our actualized experiences and us? What it means is that you, our actualized experiences, and I are, in reality, the actualized concepts of God; we are God's Matrix. In other words—quoting a line from the famous movie—"It means fasten your seat belt Dorothy, 'cause Kansas is going bye-bye".
But how? That is a question that has haunted those that attempt metaphysics for thousands of years. I cannot, in all honestly give you the exact method by which this occurs. And to be blunt, this is somewhere that all thinking beings must admit mystery to, but God alone. Of course, a skeptic could try and chastise me for not giving an "appropriate" answer to the workings of Divine concepts becoming actualized, but I would merely remark that I do not have time to indulge in insanity; for it seems that only a mind that is completely lost could ever attempt such a task. What should be known is that the propositions that I have offered do appear to be conclusively valid.
The other problem this seems to raise is that God must have these concepts inherent within Himself in order to know and experience them. This would include evil. Immediately, it could be claimed then that God not only created evil or the possibility of evil, but that such things were a part of Him to begin with, therefore making God evil. This would appear to be the case at first, but I would argue otherwise. The dilemma that we seem to have here can be solved by giving, what I consider, a proper definition of evil as well as incorporating the concept of the Trinity. Many Theists, especially within the Christian camp, tend to define evil as the "absence of good", but this seems like a false conclusion. It doesn't seem like we can know what an absence of something is unless that something is not merely an absence, but something that exists. I think it would be better to suggest that evil is the incomplete state of good. Though analogies are never direct representations of what is being argued, I do think it necessary in this instance. Say, for example, that I try to explain the concept of love. Now, would it seem contrary to the concept of love if the concept did not include things like mercy, justice, compassion, etc.? Clearly, love would no longer be what it is, but something completely different. While whatever this is may retain some elements of love, it would not be love.
In the same way, I argue that good, when made incomplete or lacking in particular virtues, is not good at all, but evil. A person claiming to be just, but lacking in mercy and/or compassion, is not just at all; it is, by nature an oxymoron. So then, how does this all apply to God and His nature? As stated before, the Trinitarian concept of God seems to resolve this issue rather easily. First, the Trinitarian view states that God is three distinct persons in one (or as one combined substance). These three distinct persons are only independent in that they are all distinct, personal identities with seemingly different roles, but they are all dependant on one another and cannot exists independently of one another to be God. Just as love cannot exclude justice, mercy, compassion, etc, the Father cannot be God without the Son and the Holy Spirit. This is to say that the Father doesn't just decide to take a vacation to Hawaii one day and leaves the Divine Business to His Son and Spirit. It doesn't work that way. But, while God knows Himself as One entity, He also knows Himself as three distinct persons. This is not saying that God is schizophrenic or arbitrary, just that the three persons, while distinct also must co-exists necessarily for Him to be God. It could not be otherwise. So what is being argued here? What is being argued is that God knows the possibility or the existence of evil in that He knows what it would be like for Him to not be as a Trinity. In knowing each person independently from the whole as well as the whole itself, God knows what it is not to be a complete version of Himself. But does this suggest that the individual members of the Trinity are evil? Quite the contrary, because while it can be known what it is like to not be as a whole, this does not suggests that the persons of God exists independently of that whole. So, because God's three persons are intimately tied to one another, they are all good. Therefore, God can and does experience evil, though it is not actualized within His own Being. Therefore, God is not evil. Though the exact dimensions of character I have yet to determine for each of the three persons (which may require a separate paper in the future), this idea seems entirely consistent with itself. The idea would also lead credence to the Fall of Satan and Man, in that trying to be like God, they only desired to be partly like Him, which led them to an evil nature.
What I have argued, all together then, is that evil is epistemologically and ontologically necessary. Without the anti-thesis of good coexisting with it, it would not be known or realized. So is there a problem of evil? The answer is ultimately, no; there is only a necessity. Does this create a problem for the Theists in relation to God's omniscience and how knowledge is obtained? Yes, it does, but under careful reasoning and only, by what it seems, under a Trinitarian concept of God (inherently Christian) does it seem that this dilemma can be resolved.
Of course there is one more problem left that I have yet to address in this article: that of the reasoning behind why man was created the way he was to experience evil. This will require a separate paper that I may write in the future. For now, I only wish that my recent thoughts be examined. While I know I do not hold any sufficient credibility within academia (I've almost received my Bachelors), I do hope that my arguments are taken seriously and that they are openly criticized. I welcome objections and any possible revisions so that I can either revise the argument or scrap it all together.
Thank you for reading,
In the Pursuit of Faith, Mind, and the Spirit of Truth,


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This single-feed surface transformer converts standard 120 line-voltage to 12 volts to provide the necessary voltage for powering a Two-Circuit Monorail low-voltage lighting system. It can power lamps totaling up to 500 watts with 250 watts maximum on each circuit. The transformer is concealed inside a decorative housing with a fast acting secondary circuit breaker that will safely turn the system off should a short occur. Once the short has been removed the breaker can be reset.INSTALLATIONThis product can mount to either a 4" square electrical box with round plaster ring or an octagon electrical box (not included).OTHERBlack and white finish have satin nickel feeds. The shortest rigid standoff that can be used with this surface transformer is the 6" rigid standoff (sold separately). If dropping the rail more than 6" below the ceiling, order the desired rigid standoff length and one compatible power extender (sold separately). This surface transformer may be plugged in with the addition of two Plug Options, a 16' cord with plug (sold separately). 12 volt transformers require the use of 12 volt lamps.
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Westland's Aftercut Even Flo Patch Fix Refill is just what you need to patch up those worn or damaged areas on your lawn. With a unique blend of grass seed, feed and seedling oil, your lawn should be fixed and looking great again in no time with this Aftercut Patch Fix from Westland. This Aftercut refill pack is designed to be used with the Re-Usable spreader, by transferring the spreader handle from your empty container to this new one following the instructions on the packet.
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The vision of the Career Preparation Center is to ensure that all students have the academic background and technical skills essential to lead productive and successful lives as they enter the workforce, continue their education, and assume the civic responsibilities of adulthood.
CPC Students Clean up at BPA Regionals
1st Place Computer Animation Team
Felix Corey, Corey Crosse, Ron Green, Jacob Kunnath
2nd Place Computer Animation Team
Brandon Lewis, Alek Mullins, Anthony Salem, Justin Schwemle
2nd Place Information Technology Concepts
Nathan Namiotka
2nd Place Network Administration Using Microsoft
Nathan Namiotka
3rd Place Graphic Design Promotion
Michael Crafard
Top 10 Winners
Mickia Simmons - Financial Math & Analysis
Nathan Namiotka - PC Servicing & Troubleshooting
Mickia Simmons - Computer Programming
Emma Kenny - Graphic Design Promotion
Lauren Capodacqua - Business Meeting Management Concepts
Erin Harvey - Business Spelling
Corey Crosse - Computer Network Technology
John Pagulayan - Fundamental Web Design
Congratulations to Chapelle Williams - Most Creative Poster - Detroit NAIAS Poster Contest
Chapelle is a CPC and Cousino student. She was one of 16 winners out of 890 entries! She won 250 and tickets to the Auto Show. Congratulations Chapelle!
League of Legends Tournament
Congratulations to the winning team in the first ever League of Legends Tournament at CPC. The players that will advance to Lawrence Tech are:
The A Team
Justin Tassie, Phong Van, Kevin Tu, Kevin Ho, and Moises Flores
These individuals will compete with other schools for a chance at a 4 year scholarship to LTU. Good luck in March 2017 A Team!
CPC Culinary Dessert Competition
We would like to recognize the Culinary Arts Program and its Chef instructors Cindy Bushe and Jennifer Dulecki for guiding their students in placing first in the Macomb Schools Government Credit Union Dessert Competition on December 7, 2016. The participating students Kelsey Batarseh, Antoinette Jordan, Amanda Ma, Brianna McBride, Alexis Nye, Rikayla Seatts and Lidia Smith worked together as a team to provide "The Salted Caramel S'more, a petit dessert featuring a fine graham cracker bottom layered with a creamy dark chocolate cremoso, salted caramel and topped with toasted marshmallow fluff. Quoting the teachers. "As instructors we could not be more proud of the time and countless efforts the students put in to making this dessert. Many trials, errors and meeting of the minds happened to come up with the decadent dessert."
CPC Grill Instructor Jennifer Dulecki and chef-in-training Emiliano Qoli featured on FOX 2 Cooking School.
Veterans Honored at CPC
CPC Pushes Up Awareness of Veteran Suicide with #Mission 22
"According to a VA study each day over 20 veterans take their own lives. That makes the war at home more dangerous than all the combat missions around the world." (#Mission22)
NTHS and CPC students have joined #Mission22 and have committed to doing 22 push-ups per day to bring about awareness of veteran suicide. #Mission22 runs from October 6 – November 11. For more information or to make a donation, please call 586-825-2800. #Mission22


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What is school psychology?
School psychology refers to the study of children and adolescents and the psychological topics relevant to their lives. These topics include counseling, psychological disorders, learning and develo...
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The Difference Between School Psychology & Educational Psychology?
School plays a large role in a child's life and children have to be provided with an atmosphere that is conducive to learning. The school and the educational system need to understand how children ...
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What is the school of psychology?
The school of psychology is the total of all the theories of psychology, which endeavour to understand the human psyche. Each classic psychologist has provided different influences, but most hold d...
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What is pediatric school psychology?
In general, psychology is the study of the human mind and behavior. Pediatric school psychology is a specialty within the field and deals with providing services to children under 18 years of age i...
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What Classes Do I Have to Take in High School if I Want to Do Psychology in College?
Psychologists devote themselves to study of the human mind and its function. A good psychologist must adhere to the rigor of science, yet stay open to the subjectivity found in social sciences lik...
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(Ventilation Accessories - Caps/Louvers and Collars)
Zephyr wall cap with a built-in bird screen for 7" round duct.Ask an Expert
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~ The Catch ~ pg 4
It was the girl who responded, though. "Oh, Civyl!" She said his name and it rang true. One piece of information. One crumb of truth. "Are you all right?" she continued. "Your leg, are you hurt?" Her concern was a comfort, but an unwelcome one. He should not care if she be concerned.
She reached for him, fingers brushing his arm with pinpricks of electricity. Civyl snatched his arm away. "Don't touch me!" he growled with a rumbling voice he did not recognize. Frightened, she dropped her hand and backed away. Her eyes held wariness as the man stepped up behind her protectively. He placed his hands on her shoulders keeping a carefully neutral face. Ignoring the girl, Civyl stared at the man. "I want answers! Who are you? Who is this sorcerer I hear you talking of? And why did I jump off this Wisdom forsaken cliff?!"
"Civyl, please," the girl started again. "Be calm. I promise I will explain everything, but it will take time."
His stomach churned at his name on her lips. He wished she would stop talking. "I don't want answers from you, girl," he sneered both satisfied at the way her face fell and angry that his gut twisted more from it. "Answer me!" he demanded of the man, whose neutral face fell to a frown as his hands tightened on the girl's shoulders.
"I have no answers for you, Civyl," he responded with cold calm. "Either you will hear your answers from Fiora or you will have no answers at all."
Civyl blinked. Fiora… Yes, that was her name. It bounced around inside his head both familiar and foreign. It made him incredibly sad. How could he have forgotten her name? Civyl took in a sharp breath and nodded his head in deferment. He just wanted answers at this point. Any answers.
He crossed his arms as he waited for her to start but she looked up instead. His gaze followed hers. The plateau was impossibly far above them. "Alex, I have to tell the others," she stated. The man, Alex she called him, nodded, but Civyl was indignant. What did she mean tell the others? They were a suntick's travel above them now! But before he could protest, Fiora's head snapped back and a gust of wind whooshed straight up the cliff side. Her eyes turned a cloudy white as she stood there. Frozen.


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The launch of Waterstone's spanking new flagship (on five floors, with 350,000 volumes and two cafes) stirred many smug thoughts about how bookselling - and Glasgow - have changed. The stacks beckoned with their come-hither classifications such as "Nudes" or "Drink" until "Walking and Climbing" reminded you of a sterner local tradition.
Then, like Jacob Marley's clanking ghost, a spectre from the city's past arose in the shape of Lord Provost Pat Lally, decked out in his chains of office. Now suspended from the Labour group for his alleged part in Glasgow's votes-for-jaunts scandal, the uncrushable Lally prompts some colourful comparisons in the West of Scotland. Admirers speak of Houdini; detractors mention Dracula.
So what has Britain's most granitic municipal capo got to do with upmarket book retailing? The answer turns on the shifting boundary between the public and private realms. From the late 1980s, Lally and his crew made Glasgow seductive to incomers at the cost (so critics say) of downgrading local services. And what Waterstone's de luxe emporium brings to mind is nothing so much as some postwar Fabian planner's dream of the perfect public library.
For what the welfare state once gave, we now turn to benevolent businesses. Not very coincidentally, the Audit Commission has just confirmed in a new report that actual libraries have seen sharp falls in book issues, staff numbers and opening hours. Year after year of vicious cuts - imposed by all parties - have plunged the sector into a cycle of decline. Yet when councils do decide to fund them adequately, the results - with sleek modern complexes on prime sites in urban centres such as Croydon and Birmingham - can match the grandest chain stores for style and service.
But the broad picture reveals a slow descent into shabbiness and marginality. Retail culture gleams and smiles; its ugly tax-funded sister peels and scowls. History shows that state provision decays into a slummy backwater when people who have a choice forsake it for a slicker private space. In many areas, libraries have all but reached that stage. For proof of what happens after that, spend some time in any US public hospital (although not even Glasgow Labour Party would wish that fate on their worst enemies).Reuse content


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Bubbles Bubbles
Poem by: BITSxOFxKINKY
Status: Finished
Genre: Poetry
© Copyright 2017 BITSxOFxKINKY. All rights reserved.
Add Your Comments:
I really like it. It is really cute. Excellent job. :)
Nice :)
amazing. Awesome Job
I have never seen the likes of this. I was getting vertigo reading the poem. My mind kept switching between the text and the bubbles in the background. Interesting phenomenon.
Aside from making me (google eyed) I liked the concept.
That is a very nice poem there lol
I really liked it,and you know what, my dad's nic name is Bubbles lol.
Good job Kinky ^_^
I liked it. Creative. Enjoyable read. Nice style. Mike
Another dash of creativity which keeps floating like bubbles in you my friend, how you do it? Like all your other writes, this one also is a definite like :)
wow...i didn't know you could do visuals like that....cute poem....bubbles rock
Yes this is a winner and a most enjoyable read.
I never knew there were so many ways to describe a bubble; excellent!
Just dont let me pop your bubble. ~wink~
Hi, this was a splendid piece! I loved it, so light and airy. It also spoke to a person's need to just be free from it all, like the "bubbles", just floating. Nicely done...
I like it, very good.
Its a great poem. Ive never seen a poem bout bubbles before. i like this one though
I have had many hours of magical fun with my children and blowing bubbles....A very clever poem and I like how you have set it out you are much cleverer then me :-)
I loved the end. Going from sad to happy that quick. XD
Thanks for this.
An Opus to bubbles I love the line orbs of pleasure because at any age a bubble will make you smile as you remember a time past
very cute, great bubbles story, WONDERFULLY TOLD!
Other Content by BITSxOFxKINKY
Poem / Poetry
Short Story / Non-Fiction
Poem / Poetry
Short Story / Mystery and Crime
Book / Thrillers
Short Story / Young Adult


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Telescopic ladder support Narex JC-032 is designed for the installation, repair or maintenance work. Textile cover with a shoulder strap for comfortable carrying.
Supporting telescopic ladder can be used for the installation, repair or maintenance work. The ladder is made ??of high quality anodized aluminum wall thickness of 1.5 mm and highly resistant thermoplastic. Internal extension overlaps individual aluminum struts provides stability even when extended ladder to a maximum length of 3.2 meters. The height of the ladder can be easily changed in 30 cm increments automatically locking each stage.When folded telescopic ladder only 80 cm in height and 46 cm in width. Also included is a practical textile cover with a shoulder strap for comfortable carrying. With its patented technology and top-quality construction materials from stable ladder meets the stringent requirements of European safety standards.
Specifications can be changed without notice. Images are for illustrative purposes only. Retail Price (MSRP) means the manufacturer's/supplier's suggested retail price.
Link to Manufacturer's Website: Enter link to the external review


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Definition from macmillandictionary.com
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We haven't had such fun for years.
We had great fun comparing our baby photographs.
The kids had a lot of fun with that old tent.
It was just a bit of harmless fun.
Spending money is fun!
That was fun, wasn't it?
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Do come, it'll be good fun.
You'll love Jamal – he's great fun.


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The RSPCA is warning the public not to approach the rhea - an ostrich-like bird - because it has six-inch claws and could deliver a fatal blow.
The three-year-old rhea and two others escaped from their home near Benenden on Monday after being startled by a pig.
Owner Sue Savage said: "I bought some pigs and introduced them to the rheas, but the birds didn't like the look of them, leapt the fence and took off."
One bird returned home of its own accord and the other - measuring six feet tall - was captured by RSPCA officers in a suburban cul-de-sac.
RSPCA animal collection officer Roy Jezard warned members of the public: "They look nice and people want to pat them, but I really don't recommend it.
"They're so strong it's unbelievable. They're not listed as a dangerous animal but they can kill you with one strike of their feet because their claws are six inches long.
"They will also go for your eyes with their beak, so if you see it, report it to the RSPCA or the police."
Rheas are flightless birds from South America. They are smaller than ostriches.
The RSPCA can be contacted on 0870 55 55 999.
- More about:
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Kelly lands Endeavour for final time
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. In the dark hours of Wednesday morning, Commander Mark Kelly guided the space shuttle Endeavour to touchdown on Earth for the last time, ending a 16-day mission and Endeavour's 19-year run spent transporting astronauts, science, and knowledge back and forth through the planet's atmosphere.
A small crowd of media and VIPs gathered in the balmy, breezy night to greet the returning shuttle at Kennedy Space Center, taking a peek at the rollout of shuttle Atlantis also happening nearby. A window-rattling twin sonic boom announced Endeavour's approach 3 minutes to touchdown, and then, at 2:35 a.m. ET, there she was. The shuttle emerged from the shadows over Runway 15, Kelly at the helm.
The orbiter came back to Earth like a glider, without engines and even exterior lights. The landing was quiet but as difficult as ever: Once the shuttle enters the Earth's atmosphere, it has nowhere to go but down. Re-entry is the commander's big day: putting the orbiter on the ground is his job, and he has only one try to get it right.
The shuttle has spent 16 days traveling around the Earth at 17,000 miles an hour, and he's got to make the thing stop. In one hour, he slows the craft from 17,000 mph to 0.
STORY:Astronauts bask in mission success
PHOTOS:Shuttle over the years
Kelly tells friends that "it's like landing a school bus."
The shuttle flew in from the southwest, crossing over the Yucatan Peninsula and Florida, then flying out over the Atlantic Ocean and performing a 245-degree loop before coming down on the runway.
As Endeavour landed, the crowd cheered and clapped, and the tires sent up a cloud of smoke that caught the runway lights and punctuated the landing. And as the orbiter glided down the runway, a 40-foot drag parachute billowed out behind it, slowing it down.
As Kelly taxied in, only the 25th time NASA has brought a shuttle back at night, he said, landing the space shuttle is "really an incredible trip."
The touchdown was made more meaningful because this was Endeavor's last.
"It's sad to see her land for the last time, but she really has a great legacy," Kelly said.
Kelly's wounded wife, Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, D-Ariz., watched the shuttle launch but did not attend the landing because she recently had surgery to replace a piece of her skull and is still in the 14-day timeframe when the risk of infection is highest, said Pia Carusone, her chief of staff.
"The doctors weren't totally comfortable with it," Carusone said and though Giffords would have loved to be there, "she understood."
Giffords was shot through the head in a mass shooting at a Jan. 8 event in Tucson, Ariz., and is recovering at a rehabilitation hospital in Houston, where she will be reunited with her husband Thursday.
In space, many of the shuttle crew members wore blue rubber bracelets in honor of Giffords: "Peace, Love, Gabby," they say.
Carusone watched the shuttle landing from the top tier of the bleachers with tears in her eyes.
Sam Ting, the lead scientist of Endeavour's payload, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2, was there, too.
The AMS-2 is a $1.5 billion cosmic-particle detector that scientists believe may able to prove or disprove the Big Bang Theory.
Ting said he was "very, very happy. They carried the experiment that I worked on for 17 years" into space and "they did an excellent job."
Five hours after they put it on, we had data." Ting says 100 million cosmic rays have been collected since the spectrometer was installed May 19.
Upon landing, a physician examined the astronauts, and spouses greeted most of them in the crew quarters, away from the public.
At about 4:15 a.m. ET, Kelly led his crew, still wearing their blue flight suits, back out onto the tarmac where they shook hands with VIPs and took a final walk around the orbiter that brought them home.
The shuttle is in "great shape," Kelly said at a post-flight press conference. "It looks like it's ready to go do another mission." Instead, it will be retired to the California Science Center, a museum in Los Angeles.
During the astronauts' 16-day mission to the International Space Station, they performed the last set of planned American space walks and orbited the Earth 248 times. They took calls from the pope; from their families; and from the classmates of 9-year-old Christina-Taylor Green, who was killed in the Tucson shootings. On Sunday, they even woke to a song by Tucson band Calexico, in honor of Kelly and his wife. And they installed the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, which could help explain the origins of the universe.
And now, finally, they are home.
It is a wistful return.
After 25 total missions, almost 123 million miles traveled and 299 days spent in space, this mission was Endeavour's final task. The shuttle program is being retired after 30 years. The shuttle Atlantis will fly the last mission July 8 and was wheeled out to the launch pad here Tuesday night.
The astronauts themselves have uncertain futures. In April, Kelly said he's not sure what's next.
For now, Carusone says he plans to be "with Gabby."
But always, NASA explorers hope for more.
In an interview with CBS Sunday Morning this week, Charles Bolden, NASA chief and former astronaut, pushed tears from his eyes when he talked about what's to come.
"I want my kids to see what I saw — I'll cry — in 1969 when humans walked on the moon," Bolden said. "I want my granddaughters to see another human go to another heavenly body."
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