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MILWAUKEE -- It isn't often a pitcher gives up a career high in hits and still cruises to an easy victory.
That is what happened to Cincinnati's Aaron Harang on Wednesday night as he allowed 14 hits in the Reds' 11-4 win over the Milwaukee Brewers.
Harang (11-13) gave up four runs in 7 1/3 innings. His previous high for hits allowed was 11 in his last start, against Philadelphia on Sept. 23. He was helped by three double plays and the Brewers stranded eight baserunners, five in scoring position.
"They were not afraid to swing at my pitches," Harang said. "But I was able to get out of some jams by making some good pitches."
Reds manager Jerry Narron said Harang has been the Reds most consistent pitcher all season.
"He got some big outs with guys in scoring position," Narron said. "I am really glad he could get a win in his last start of the season."
Adam Dunn hit his 39th home run and Felipe Lopez drove in three runs to lead the Reds.
"We really swung the bat well tonight," Narron said. "We got some key hits and Lopez really came through for us."
The Reds denied Chris Capuano of the Brewers his 19th win.
Capuano (18-11) pitched five innings, giving up six runs and eight hits. It was the second straight game he allowed six runs, although he was able to get the win over St. Louis on Sept. 23. He was trying to be the first Brewer to win 19 games since Teddy Higuera won 20 in 1987.
"Cappy didn't have his best stuff," Brewers manager Ned Yost said. "He gave it everything he had, but the dam kind of broke on him in the fifth inning" when the Reds scored three runs.
Capuano said he "just pitched terrible."
"They just came at me hard in the fifth inning," he said. "They have a pretty potent offense and they can put together a string."
The loss pushed the Brewers back to the .500 mark (79-79) as they try to finish with a winning record for the first time since 1992, when they were still in the American League.
"It is a tough thing to accomplish," Yost said of reaching .500. "But we've got four games left and we're at .500, so we'll just keep going after it."
Reds center fielder Wily Mo Pena hyperextended his lower back when he crashed into the wall diving for Bill Hall's line drive in the fourth. Pena hit his head and left shoulder and remained on the ground while left fielder Ryan Freel retrieved the ball. Freel threw to Lopez, who threw out Hall at home as he tried for an inside-the-park home run. Pena remained on the ground for about 5 minutes while trainers worked on him. He stood up, then was taken off the field on a cart.
Reds officials said he would be re-evaluated on Thursday.
Narron said he was unsure if Pena would play again this season.
"He's going to be sore for a couple of days, but he will be OK," he said. "It scared me a little bit when he first hit the wall with his shoulder and his head."
Rich Aurilia's two-run double in the first gave the Reds a 2-0 lead. Dunn's homer, a 406-foot shot to right in the third made it 3-0.
The Brewers cut the lead to 3-1 in the bottom of the inning on J.J. Hardy's ninth homer.
Cincinnati made it 6-1 in the fifth on run-scoring doubles by Lopez and Dunn and Austin Kearns' RBI single.
Brady Clark's RBI single in the fifth cut the lead to 6-2.
Lopez had a two-run single and Aurilia a run-scoring double in the sixth, while Freel's two-run single in the seventh made it 11-2.
The Brewers added two runs in the eighth on RBI hits by Wes Helms and Hall.
Hall had to be helped from the field on the play Pena was hurt as he tried to slide around Reds catcher Jason LaRue. Hall remained in the game. ... The Brewers will auction autographed, game-worn equipment to benefit the American Red Cross Hurricane Relief Fund. All players' and coaches' home jerseys, helmets and caps will be available in a series of auctions on the team's website beginning Sept. 30.


text: Your mother finally arrives. Never did your sister run so fast than in that short sprint. The car ride on the way to the hospital is silent, except for the sound of your sister crying. Her eyes are closed in an urgent prayer that the doctors can wake you up. Because her eyes are closed, she cannot see the tears in your mother's eyes. They fog her eyes as she tries to keep it together for your sister's sake. Your mother grips to the steering wheel like it's your life with her left hand. Her right hand goes to grab your sister's left. The fingers intertwine and become support for the other, knowing that someone is there, and they won't have to suffer alone.

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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Berry and AssociatesRt 460 Blue Ridge, Virginia United States of America
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 09/08/2009 03:06 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/berry-and-associates/blue-ridge-virginia-/berry-and-associates-healthmarkets-allstate-agent-sonny-berry-debbie-berry-beware-berry-an-491839. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Golden, BC is located in the Rocky Mountain Trench of Canada. The community is the centre of Kicking Horse Country - always surrounded by natural beauty and engulfed in year round adventures.
The community sits on the banks of the Kicking Horse and Columbia Rivers in the north Kootenay Region of British Columbia, Canada - also referred to as Kicking Horse Country. The Purcell and Selkirk Mountains; the two mighty rivers and six major wilderness parks are all neighbours to Golden, British Columbia, Canada.
The mountains, parks, lakes, rivers and the wildlife in the region provide a quality and quantity landscape for a very active adventure and sightseeing tourism environment.
During the winter snow and ice season the activities mostly enjoyed include downhill skiing, snowboarding, cat skiing, heli skiing, xc skiing, snowmobiling, snowshoeing, ice climbing and ice fishing.
Many of the summer and winter adventures can be enjoyed in or near the six major wilderness parks in the area - Glacier and Yoho and Mount Revelstoke National Parks being the closes to Golden.
Closer to the community the Gorman Lake Trail and the Thompson Falls Trail are popular day exploring destinations. The best walk or bike in town is on the Rotary Loop Trail. The loop trail is a sightseeing route leading to a wooden foot bridge crossing the mighty Kicking Horse River.


text:
Harry Potter - Kinect (Xbox 360)
Release Date: 12 October 2012
£13.19 includes FREE UK Postage (other delivery options available)
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The all-new Harry Potter for Kinect video game exclusively on KINECT for Xbox 360 allows players to experience Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and the wizarding world like never before! Through the innovative KINECT capability, each player can scan their face to create a wizard avatar in their likeness – and then play as their avatar in the game. Using controller-free and voice recognition technology available only on KINECT, players will attend Hogwarts, interact with professors, students and friends, call out spells to cast against opponents, brew potions, and even fly as they race on broomsticks to be the first to catch the Golden Snitch in a Quidditch match.
Release Date: 12 October 2012
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Catalogue No: HPK360


text:
When children do things which not only make them and their victims old beyond their years but also place them beyond the boundaries of normal, shared experience, we all rush to unpick the Gordian knot of cause and effect.
When Jon Venables and Robert Thompson were found guilty of the murder of James Bulger, for example, it was decided that the problem lay with "video nasties", the gory and hyperbolic schlock-fests they had been allowed to watch and which had supposedly inspired their violence.
But it's terribly easy to pin the blame all too literally. In the case of the Bulger murder, there were clearly other aspects at play – such as deprivation and neglect; the horrors which unfolded had a social cause, certainly, but not necessarily a cultural one. It's far too simplistic to plot a direct correlation between the two, and say that grisly films and shoot 'em up video games make juveniles go out and copy them. After all, an overwhelming majority of children and teenagers mature and live out their lives without killing anybody.
But transplant that cultural stimulant to a more common scenario, to something most of us will inevitably end up doing – like, say, sex – and the results are very different. That a 14-year-old boy appeared in court this week for the assault and rape, two years ago, of a nine-year old girl is a case in point. His reasons for committing this crime? He watched free porn on the internet and wanted to act like a "grown-up".
So while video games might not be nurturing a future generation of killers, the profusion and preponderance of explicit online pornography may well mean an entire swathe of young boys who reach manhood with little or no understanding of what women and sex are supposed to look or feel like, whose brains and libidos have been so regularly stoved in with images of sordid violence and seedy objectification that they are numb to anything more affectionate or domestic.
That porn leads to rape is a rather linear view, although there are plenty who would agree with it. I don't go that far, but it's ridiculously naive and optimistic to think that the generation of teenage boys who have come of age with unfettered access to the sort of sexual imagery that litters the web can remain in any way unaffected by it.
Yes, men have always been a bit grotty: they have always needed visual stimulation of a sort that women don't, because they have entirely natural funny urges and have to deal with their own creaking scaffolding. But previously, they've had to cough up for their fix of cartoonish knockers and dangly bits; they've had to fumble for coins and buy it from someone who has a face and feelings. And while you might not want your mum to find those mags, there wasn't much in them that could offend the rest of us or derail young minds.
On the internet, there is. And you don't have to interact or pay for it. On the internet, people are humiliated and subjugated. They look a certain way; they don't complain; quite often, they even appear to be enjoying it. At the very best, a teenager progressing from porn to people might find himself terribly disappointed. More likely, he'll just be dreadful in bed. But in the worst-case scenario, he'll expect female partners to engage in and enjoy all manner of not particularly appealing things, while being bright orange and glabrous, with rigid and immobile breasts the size and consistency of nuclear warheads.
And the worst of it, the very worst of it, the horribly unjust and frustrating worst of it is that anyone who complains about it or raises objections, anxieties and questions is branded a prude, a retrograde social conservative. I am no Mary Whitehouse, but I do not like porn. I think it exacerbates gender inequality far beyond the bedroom. I think it creates endless interactive difficulties between men and women and, God knows, that terrain is already bumpy enough.
But porn is every man's secret shame, and they'll harrumph in self-defence and mortification until the end of time for their right to some hairy-palmed time alone in the garden shed. That isn't the issue. Do that, by all means: that is no bad thing. Just please don't watch some pouting Barbie doll get beaten up by a giant penis while you do it.
I'm not uptight. But I resent that this type of porn has become as acceptably masculine and quotidian as football and a pint of beer. I resent the way it makes women feel inadequate and shuts them out of sex. And I resent the trickle-down into every other arena, which means you can't switch the telly on without seeing someone being vigorously and gratuitously knobbed over the kitchen table. But most of all, I resent the fact that a teenage boy is made to feel he should try it out on a nine-year-old girl. Sex should be a bit of fun. Shouldn't it?Reuse content


text:
Safechem Industries is the leading manufacturer of detergents and allied products in Eastern India. We are in the business of manufacturing and distribution of its reputed brand "SAFED" For over three decades. With a team of young and dedicated professionals ' We Dream and Aspire. One stop solution to the clients for their requirements of detergents and associated products.
Safechem Industries is one of the leading manufacturer exporter of detergents in Eastern India serving the customer needs for more than three decades. Founded by Mr. Vinod Kumar Jain in 1983 the company has been known by its most popular product and brand name 'Safed'.
Since inception in Southern Bengal Safed has now spread to more than seven states in Eastern India including Bihar Orissa Assam Jharkhand on other North East state and has been extremely successful in its ventures.
Safed commands almost 30 percent market share from the urban population and almost 35 per cent market share of the rural markets in almost each of the states.
After starting off mainly as a manufacturing company for laundry products the company now has not only specialized in providing specific cleansing solutions for various sections of the society but also has turned to providing suitable products for kitchen wares and likewise.
The other successful brands of the company include Sparkle Champion KWIK.
|Business Type
|Manufacturers, Trader & Exporter/Importer
|Establishment Year
|Firm Type
|Expand Level
We are Manufacturers Trader Exporter/Importer of detergents and allied products.
Our Products
Safed Champion Detergent
Super Powder Kwik
Safed Detergent Powder
Safed Champion Matic
Sparkle Dishwash Bar
Scrub Pad Steel Wool
Brito Sparkle Scrub Pad
Brito Steel Wool
Liquid Detergent
Moms Liquid Detergent
Wash Care
17 Crooked Lane Bara Bazar
Kolkata, 700069 (West Bengal) - (India)
Copyright © 2000 - 2017 IndiaBizClub. All rights reserved
Make in India


text:
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Award Winning Football NewsletterOver 60 years of sports analysis experience. We've been in
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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
My son and his girlfriend have a child, who is 4 months old, he is 19 she is 17. They want to move into an apartment of their own as her parents won't allow her to move out until she is 18. Is teen mom legally an adult due to giving birth to their son?
In WA, merely having a child does not make a person a legal adult. In WA, a person becomes a legal adult upon turning 18, marriage, or being emancipated by the court. Marriage before 18 requires parental approval or court order.
Legally, the girlfriend is still a child until she meets one of the above conditions and is subject to the legal control of her parents.
Practically, the police is not going to do anything to a 17-year-old who leaves voluntarily her parents' house when there appears to be no immediate danger to the 17-year-old. Of course, unless the relationship with her parents is already terrible, alienating her parents is not a good idea for the 17-year-old.
Alienating your likely in-laws is also no a good idea for you or your son.
She likely needs all the good help she can get from her parents at this time.
You all should sit down and have a thoughtful discussion on what is best for everyone involved at this time.Ask a similar question
Post a free question on our public forum.Ask a Question
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text:
Keith Urban Put You In A Song
Put You In A Song is a song by Australian country singer Keith Urban from the album Get Closer. The single reached the Billboard Top 100 chart.
The official music video for Put You In A Song premiered on YouTube at the beginning of October 2010. Watch Keith Urban perform the song.
Put You In A Song Lyrics
The lyrics to Put You In A Song were written by Keith Urban, Sarah Buxton and Jedd Hughes.Top Country Songs 2010


text:
The Myth of R-Value and traditional foam filled Hot Tub Covers.
R-value is a form of measurement of the ability to resist heat transfer for materials like the fiberglass insulation in your house or maybe the insulating foam in hot tub covers. The intent is that, the greater the R-value, the better the heat storage and, heat retention would be the primary job of any hot tub cover.
Most industries using R-values are regulated by FTC standards. Commercially sold insulation must pass independent tests created by American Standards and Testing Methods (ASTM) so as to be advertised or marked using their R-Value.
The Misled Masses: As there is no FTC recognized independent test for spa covers, So ANY stated R-value stated by a spa cover dealer is in reality an unregulated, unmonitored "interpretation" of a given insulation value. It is open to misrepresentation and abuse, from adding the R-value of an air space between the water and the bottom of the cover, spacing between the vinyl and the cover insulation, or simply blatantly inflating the fictitious number. Some hot tub dealers state exclusively the known R-value of the insulation itself, but of course that doesn't mean that it was tested and endorsed to use in hot tub cover applications.
The R-value of the actual foam insulation, no matter the density, is ONLY rated for use in DRY building applications! Which signifies the fact that the R rating of the foam is only applicable should it happen to be applied in a wall, attic or floor. Because should it were to be used in a moist environment, that type of insulation would fail quickly.
Foam Density and Foam Thickness.
These two factors that spa cover dealers claim affect the R-value of a spa cover, when in fact that R rating itself has nothing to do with the foam when it is used in a hot tub cover. Actually, it is as misleading as the idea that a taper on the cover will really keep it from getting heavy.
True, the foam density and thickness would have a bearing on the insulation properties In the event the Usage of the foam were in compliance with the designed use of a completely DRY environment.
Regardless if the dealer claims his spa covers are made with the most costly spa cover foam (rigid cellular polystyrene thermal insulation) available, resists breakage, vapor absorption and chemical damage more than all the others they've tested. The truth is, R factor is NOT something they test, and RESISTING breakage and saturation are not the same as AVOIDING it altogether.
When looking for and comparing spa covers, ALL claims associated with R-value of a cover that has foam are totally unsubstantiated. Foam Density and Foam Thickness do not have any ADDED R VALUE, since the foam is not designed to be applied over a wet environment. Most spa cover dealers repeat exactly the same numbers and consequently hot tub owners have been trained to believe the lie. Some dealers employ some fancy charts to substantiate their claims, however the main point is those claims cannot be in accordance to the ASTM.
Myth Busted!
R-value testing of materials is completed at room temperature, and doesn't take into account moisture and vapor. In the spa environment, there is hot water and good amounts of steamy moisture. Each of which will dramatically reduce the R-value of any foam. A spa at 105 degrees will defeat the R-value of any foam tested to use in a dry application.
Don't allow the R-value of foam be considered the measurement for spa cover quality. Instead search for a spa cover with NO FOAM. A hot tub covers that use air filled chambers as an alternative for rigid foam boards will out preform any other, in any test or real hot tub application. (Hello, SpaCap)
Don't be fooled by claims of high density and weight, vacuum wrapped in sheets of heat welded polyethylene, sealed in heavy gauge marine grade vinyl, with chemical resistant scrim and stitching. It won't insulate as well. It will definitely still become saturated, warped or broken. It truly was obsolete thirty years ago.


text:
So you've quit smoking? Congratulations! You've taken a big step, and one that will have big benefits for you—quitting can help you lower your chances of heart disease, emphysema, lung cancer, Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune disease, erectile dysfunction, age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, and much more. This one decision has the potential to add years to your life and health to those years.
But perhaps you're worried about the damage you've already done to your lungs during your years of smoking. Is there any way that you can detoxify your lungs and undo the damage? Let's examine the possibilities.
1. Exercise Caution
Although detox diets may be all the rage, the science is still definitely very iffy regarding them. According to Dr. Michael Smith of WebMD, a lot of detox diets can actually put a big load on your body. According to him, "your body is an expert at getting rid of toxins" on its own, and extreme detox diets can even be harmful. So is the concept of a lung detox diet entirely worthless? Not necessarily: "the only type of detox diet that is worthwhile is one that limits processed, high-fat, and sugary foods, and replaces them with more fruits and vegetables." This sort of diet won't just help your lungs, it will help make your whole body healthier.
2. Eating for COPD
Depending on exactly the sort of lung problems you have, changing your diet may be able to help you. While it's not exactly a lung cleanse, it is definitely worthwhile. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one serious lung disease that diet can certainly help to improve. In COPD, the lungs become damaged and gradually lose their ability to take in air, making it harder to breathe. According to the CDC, COPD is "the number-3 killer in the nation" and "is almost always caused by smoking." According to their estimates, as many as 9 out of every 10 deaths caused by COPD are caused by smoking.
For people who suffer from COPD, reducing the number of carbohydrates in one's diet and increasing one's amount of fat can help. Because of the way they're broken down in the body, carbohydrates produce more carbon dioxide than fat. This carbon dioxide then has to be exhaled as a waste product, which can be extra challenging to some people with COPD.
People with COPD are recommended to choose complex carbohydrates over simple carbohydrates, eat plenty of fiber (20 to 30 grams daily), eat quality protein at least twice daily, stay hydrated and choose mono- and poly-unsaturated fats over saturated and trans fats.
3. Specific Foods for Lung Health
A study published in Thorax in 2000 followed 2,512 men between the ages of 45 and 59. The findings of the study suggested that there may be further links between one's diet and one's lung health. In the study, good lung function "was associated with high intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, citrus fruit, apples and the frequent consumption of fruit juices/squashes." When additional variables such as social class, smoking history, exercise, etc. were taken into consideration, "only the associations with vitamin E and apples persisted."
While more research doubtless needs to be done regarding diet and lung health, it seems that there are foods that can detoxify your lungs—or at least boost their health in other ways.
4. Exercise
If you've smoked for a long time, you probably know that it makes exercising harder. But did you know that exercise can help to protect your lungs? A 2006 study from Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Protection suggest that even people who continue to smoke gain benefits to their lung health through exercise. Getting up and active makes your lungs work, and this can help you to increase their function. However, if it's been a long time since you've exercised, make sure that you exercise carefully. Speak with a doctor to determine what exercises would be safe and healthy for you.
5. Yoga
There are plenty of claims that yoga can detoxify your lungs, or that certain asanas can essentially perform a lung cleanse. Regardless of whether this is precisely true, studies have shown that yoga can be very good for your lungs. In a study published in the 2012 International Journal of Yoga, 60 COPD patients practiced yoga daily for two months. After the two months, the people who had done yoga showed significant improvement in their lung health (measurable by diffusion capacity, or the ability of gases in the lungs to transfer into the blood stream).
6. Breathing Exercises
Even if you don't know yoga, you can still do deep breathing, which can help you breathe more easily, strengthen your breathing muscles and get more oxygen. Try this breathing exercise:
Relax your muscles, then breathe in through your nose for two seconds. Breathe out through pursed lips, drawing it out for four seconds (or twice as long as you breathed in).
Try to breathe deeply, letting the air swell your belly, not your chest.


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text: ORJİNAL Türk Biyokimya Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Biochemistry–Turk J Biochem] 2014; 39 (2) ; 140–149 doi: 10.5505/tjb.2014.96977 Research Article [Araştırma Makalesi] Yayın tarihi 30 Haziran, 2014 © TurkJBiochem.com [Published online 30 June, 2014] 1976 [Tarım sanayi yan ürünlerinden Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900 ile ekstraselüler lipaz üretimi]* 1. ÖRNEK Asad ur Rehman, Sunniya Rasool, Hamid Mukhtar, Ikram Ul Haq Institute Of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan ABSTRACT Aim:To screen various yeast cultures and agro-industrial by-products and optimization of fermentation conditions for the microbial production of extracellular lipase under solid state fermentation technique. Material and Methods: Various yeast cultures including Candida lipolytica NRRL-Y-1095, Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900, Candida tropicalis NRRL-Y-1552, Saccharomyces cerevisiae IIB-1 were screened by culturing on agro-industrial by-products under batch culture using solid state fermentation in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks. The medium was supplemented with various nitrogen sources (both organic and inorganic) and metal ions. Results: Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900 showed the highest enzyme production on soybean meal. Various particle sizes of substrate and moistening agents were also optimized for the maximum lipase synthesis. The optimum temperature and pH for the accumulation of enzyme by Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900 was 30ºC and 6.5, respectively. The fermentation time of 60h was suitable for the maximum enzyme production by using 7.5% inoculum of 24h old yeast culture. The optimal medium composition consisted of 2% (w/v) meat extract, 0.4% (w/v) ammonium sulphate and 5mM Fe+2. The maximum extracellular lipase production was 3.96±0.09 U. Conclusion: The results obtained during the study are significant for, to our knowledge, it is the first report regarding the utilization of soybean meal by C. utilis NRRL-Y-900 to accumulate lipase under optimized conditions and solid state fermentation. Key Words: Candida utilis; lipase; solid state fermentation; soybean meal. Conflict of Interest: The authors do not have any conflict of interest. Yazışma Adresi [Correspondence Address] Asad ur Rehman ÖZET Amaç: Ekstraselüler lipazın katı faz fermantasyon ile mikrobiyal olarak üretilebilmesi için çeşitli maya kültürleri ve farklı tarım sanayi yan ürünleri değerlendirilerek fermantasyon koşullarının optimizasyonu Gereç ve Yöntemler: Candida lipolytica NRRL-Y-1095, Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900, Candida tropicalis NRRL-Y-1552, Saccharomyces cerevisiae IIB-1 dahil bir çok maya kültürü ile tarım sanayi yan ürünleri katı faz fermantasyonu kullanılarak 250 mL erlenmayer içinde *Translated by [Çeviri] Dr. Elvan Laleli Şahin seri kültür ile taranmıştır. Vasatlar organik ve inorganik olmak üzere farklı azot kaynakları ve metal iyonları ile beslenmiştir. Bulgular: En iyi enzim üretimini Soya küspesi ile Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900 gösterdi. Koşullar sübstrat olarak değişik parçacık boyutları ve nemlendirici faktörler kullanılarak en fazla lipaz sentezi için optimize edilmiştir. Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900 ile enzim birikimi için optimum sıcaklık 30ºC, pH 6.5 dır. Yirmidört saatlik maya kültüründen %7.5 inoculum kullanıldığında 60 saatlik fermantasyon maksimum enzim üretimi sağlamıştır. Optimum vasat kompozisyonu 2% (w/v) et özü, 0.4% (w/v) amonyum sülfat ve 5mM Fe+2 içermektedir. Maksimum ekstracelüler lipaz üretimi 3.96±0.09 U olmuştur. Sonuçlar: Bildiğimiz kadarı ile bu çalışmanın soya küspesinden C. utilis NRRL-Y-900 ile optimize edilmiş katı faz fermantasyonu koşulları altında lipaz akümülasyonu gösteren ilk çalışma olması sebebi ile önemlidir. Registered: 22 July 2013; Accepted: 9 November 2013 Anahtar Kelimeler: Candida utilis, lipaz, katı faz fermantasyonu, soya küspesi [Kayıt Tarihi: 22 Temmuz 2013; Kabul Tarihi: 9 Kasım 2013] Çıkar Çatışması: Yazarların çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır. Institute Of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan, 54000. Tel. 924203314249096 E-mail. [email protected] http://www.TurkJBiochem.com 140 D R AD NNEE MYYA ER İM Kİ 1976 K BİİYYO RRK O TTÜÜ RK BİYO TÜ YA DERN İM E DERGİSİ Ğİ K RG GİİSSİ ER DE D İ Ğİİ Ğ Production of an extracellular lipase by Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900 using agro-industrial by-products ISSN 1303–829X (electronic) 0250–4685 (printed) 2. ÖRNEK Introduction Lipases (E.C. 184.108.40.206) belong to the hydrolase group of enzymes that act on carboxylic ester bonds. Lipases hydrolyse triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol and, under certain conditions, catalyse the reverse reaction forming glycerides from glycerol and fatty acids [1]. Lipases can be acquired from many sources such as plants, animals and microorganisms [2]. Extracellular lipase production has been reported by microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and yeasts [3]. However enzyme production is well-known among yeasts. Yeasts are unicellular microorganisms, having certain advantages over bacteria and fungi such as ease of growth and handling and utilization of less refined and cheaper substrate such as agro industrial by-products due to their greater resistance to high substrate concentration and more tolerance to metal ions [4]. Among yeasts, Candida sp. has a great potency for the lipase production and utilization of triglycerides [5]. Some Candida sp. that produces lipase are C. curvata, C. tropicalis, C. valida, C. lipolytica, C. rugosa, C. utilis and C. pellioculosa [6]. Although, fermentation conditions have been widely studied but less attention has been paid to the ability of Candida utilis to synthesize lipase using agricultural by products [7]. Two common methods used for lipase production are submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid state fermentation [8]. In solid state fermentation (SSF), microbial growth occurs on or near the surface of the moist solid substrate [9]. SSF has several advantages over SmF as it is well adapted and cheaper method [10]. It requires less space, little energy consumption, simplified fermentation media, simple machinery and gives higher yield and high recovery of enzyme. It also has less chances of contamination due to absence of free water [11]. Despite several advantages of SSF, there have been a very few studies on SSF lipase production using yeast [12]. Pakistan, being an agriculture country produces large quantities of agricultural residues each year which find trivial applications such as landfills or burnt off. A number of agro-industrial residues including wheat, rice and barley brans, oil cakes of soy, olive, gingelly and babassu, various oil seed meals and bagasse (sugarcane) have been reported to be capable for the synthesis of lipase [13]. The use of these by-products reduces the cost of the production of lipase. Culture condition's optimization for maximum lipase accumulation is important, provided these do not affect enzyme properties and enzyme extra to intracellular ratio [14]. Significant factors that affect SSF process are: substrate nature and its properties such as particle size and water holding capacity as well as type of microorganism, period of cultivation and size of the inoculums and the physical parameter including temperature, gaseous atmosphere. The aim of the present study was to investigate four yeast cultures and to optimize fermentation conditions for the Turk J Biochem, 2014; 39 (2) ; 140–149 enhanced production of lipase in SSF using different agro-industrial by-products as substrate. To our knowledge, it is the first report regarding the utilization of soybean meal for extracellular lipase production by Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900 under solid state fermentation. Materials and Methods Microorganisms: Four different yeast strains viz., Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900, Candida lipolytica NRRL-Y-1095, Candida tropicalis NRRL-Y-1552 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IIB-1, obtained from the stock culture of Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIB), GC University Lahore, Pakistan were used in the present study. These were maintained on yeast extract peptone dextrose agar (YPD) medium contain (g/L) yeast extract, 10; dextrose, 20; peptone, 20 and agar, 20. The pH was adjusted to 4.5. Substrates: Various agro-industrial by-products viz., canola meal, almond meal, coconut oil cake, soybean meal, barley bran and wheat bran, were purchased from the local market. Oil cake, oil seed meals and brans were ground to obtain coarse powder before use. Different particle sizes such as 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 mm were obtained using sieves of various pore sizes. Inoculum: The yeast cell suspension for inoculation was prepared by adding ten milliliter of slightly warm sterile distilled water to a yeast slant culture having adequate growth under aseptic conditions. To obtain homogenous yeast cell suspension, a sterilized needle was used. A haemocytometer was used to obtain a uniform cell count i.e. 3.5×106 cells/mL, in all experiments. Fermentation technique: The solid substrates (15g) were taken in a series of 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, impregnated with 15 ml of distilled water (1:1, substrate, water, ratio) and sterilized at 121°C for 20 min. The same substrate to diluent ratio i.e. 1:1 was used when the substrate was ranged from 5-50g. After cooling, the flasks were inoculated with 1 ml of yeast cell suspension. The contents of the flasks were mixed. All flasks were placed in an incubator at 30°C for 72 h. All the batch culture experiments were run in a set of three parallel replicates. Determination of water holding capacity: Dried sample of substrate (3-4 g) was mixed with an excess of distilled water and deionized water. After that the substrate was allowed to hydrate for 2 h. The excess of water was removed by permitting the wet sample to drain on a fine meshed wire screen. A portion of the wet sample on the screen was removed, weighed and dried to a constant weight in a vaccum drying oven at 110°C. Water holding capacity (WHC) (in grams of water absorbed by 1 g of dry sample) was calculated as follows [7]: WHC = qw-qd/qd --------------------------- eq 1 Where, qw= wet weight and qd = dry weight Water holding capacity, defined as the ability of the solid substrate to retain water even though external pressures 141 Rehman et al. are applied to it, is known to play an important role in the SSF. Analytical techniques Enzyme extraction: At the termination of the fermentation process, 100 mL of distilled water was added in each flask and incubated at 30°C for 1 h. The contents of the flask were filtered through Whatman filter paper no 1 followed by centrifugation for 15 min at 4500 rpm. Further analysis was done by using the supernatant as the crude enzyme source. Enzyme assay: The lipase activity from the enzyme extract was measured by the olive oil hydrolysis [15]. The activity of extracellular lipase was measured in U. One unit (U) of enzyme is defined as "the amount of enzyme which releases 1 µmole of fatty acids per 1 g of substrate in 1 min under specified assay condition". Statistical analysis: All the treatment effects were compared by the least significant difference method (spss10-6, version-4.0, USA) after Snedecor and Cochran [16]. Significant difference among the replicates has been presented as Duncan's multiple ranges in the form of probability (p) values. Results and Discussion Screening of yeast cultures using various agro-industrial by-products for lipase production Different yeast cultures such as Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900, Candida lipolytica NRRL-Y-1095, Candida tropicalis NRRL-Y-1552 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IIB-1 were employed individually using various agro-industrial by-products such as canola meal, almond meal, coconut oil cake, soybean meal, barley bran and wheat bran for enzyme production in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks (Fig 1A). However, the maximum enzyme activity (1.12±0.09 U) was exhibited when soybean meal was incubated after inoculating with C. utilis NRRL-Y-900. Soybean meal has been considered as a best fermentable substrate for the microbial lipase production and used as a good nutrient source [17, 18]. It is thought to be a rich source of amino acids, mostly therionine, lysine and tryptophan and protein [19]. Effect of level of solid substrate The level of solid substrate was also varied from 5-50 g (Fig 1B). Maximum enzyme activity (1.38±0.14 U) was achieved at 20 g of substrate because it is sufficient for the penetration of yeast cells and it provides an ample amount of important nutrients such as nitrogen and carbon that is essential to achieve yeast growth as well as biosynthesis of the enzyme [20, 21]. In contrast to our result, Mahadik et al [22] reported that 10 g wheat bran was optimal for enzyme synthesis. Effect of particle size Size of substrate particle in lipase production is a criTurk J Biochem, 2014; 39 (2) ; 140–149 tical factor. The particle size was varied from 1.5-3.5 mm (Fig 1C). Maximum enzyme activity (1.48±0.17 U) was obtained at 3 mm of substrate particle size because smaller size of substrate particle caused poor growth of the microbes due to the substrate stickiness and reduced substrate porosity and consequently less oxygen transfer rate. On the other hand larger substrate particles retain more space between them and result in better aeration of the culture, as also reported by other workers [7]. Although larger particle size provides better aeration due to increase inter particle space, it reduces the surface area for microbial growth [23]. Selection of the appropriate diluent and substrate to diluent ratio The moisture content is a critical factor in solid-state fermentation. Its importance for microbial growth and thereby enzyme production has been well established. Different diluents including distilled water, 0.01 N HCl, saline water, Vogel's medium (pH 5.5), phosphate buffer (pH 6) and sodium acetate buffer (pH 5), were added at a level of 20ml/20g substrate. Higher enzyme activity was observed i.e. 1.75±0.17 U with phosphate buffer (Fig 2A). It might be due to the reason that phosphate buffer caused the release of the enzyme probably by increasing the permeability of cell membrane [17]. A related work has been reported by Razak et al [24]. To check the influence of moisture on lipase production during SSF, Soybean meal was moistened with different amounts of phosphate buffer of pH 6 prior to fermentation. Higher enzyme activity of 2.16±0.13 U was attained by using 2:5 substrate to diluent ratio (Fig 2B). In contrast, Vardanega et al [25] reported 55% moisture level for the enzyme production. Enzyme synthesis declined with increase in moisture level because it reduced substrate porosity along with decrease in exchange of gas [26]. In order to improve the mass transport of nutrients in the fermentation system, it is generally beneficial to keep the level of water content just below the WHC of the solid substrate. The optimal moisture level (50%) obtained in this study was markedly lower than the WHC for soybean meal (90%). Effect of pH In order to determine the optimum pH for growth and lipase production by Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900, it was grown in the production medium at various pH in the range of 5.5-8 (Fig 2C). According to our results, the maximum enzyme activity was achieved at pH 6.5, which is optimum for Candida sp. to produce maximum enzyme [27]. Brozzoli et al [28] reported the same outcomes for maximum lipase production from yeast. This might be due to the reason that pH affects enzyme structure, catalytic activity of groups present in the active site of enzyme and binding of the substrate [29]. The pH of the culture changes due to the metabolic activities of microbes [30]. 142 Rehman et al. Fig 1A. Screeninng of yeast cultures by using various substrates on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. Fig 1B. Effect of different level of substrate on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. Turk J Biochem, 2014; 39 (2) ; 140–149 143 Rehman et al. Fig 1C. Effect of different particle size on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. Fig 2A. Effect of various diluents on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. Fig 2B. Effect of substrate to diluents ratio on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. Turk J Biochem, 2014; 39 (2) ; 140–149 144 Rehman et al. Fig 2C. Effect of pH on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. Effect of incubation period The amount of lipase produced was observed after every 12 h till 144 h (Fig 3). Enzyme synthesis enhanced as the incubation period increased from 24-48 h. The maximum lipase activity i.e. 2.53±0.29 U was observed at 60 h of incubation. It could be explained by the fact that yeast was in its late exponential or early stationary phase of growth. Corzo and Revah [27] also reported maximum enzyme production at 60 h by Yarrowia lipolytica. It should be observed that incubation time beyond this optimum period did not lead to higher enzyme production which might be due to the accumulation of toxic compounds and lack of essential nutrients required for the growth of microorganism. Effect of temperature Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the enzyme production and cell growth. Incubation temperature was varied from 20-37ºC (Fig 4). At 30ºC the maximum enzyme activity (2.70±0.32 U) was observed. Enzyme activity declined, as the temperature was gradually increased from 30ºC because higher temperature affects the metabolic activity of microbial cells [23]. It was also observed that beyond this optimum temperature, the water content in the medium was reduced which badly affected the synthesis of enzyme and microbial growth. The enzyme also gets denatured as also observed by other workers [31, 32]. ximum activity i.e. 3.14±0.08 U was achieved when 7.5 % of 24 h old inoculum level was employed. In contrast to our work, Mladenoska and Dimitrovski [33] reported that maximum enzyme activity was obtained at 5 % (48 h old culture) inoculum of Geotrichum candidum. Activity of enzyme gradually declined with increase in inoculum level. It might be due to the fact that as the number of cells increased, the excess substrate was consumed for growth, hence synthesis of enzyme decreased [34]. Effect of nitrogen sources Nitrogen sources, including organic nitrogen sources and inorganic nitrogen sources, play an important role in the synthesis of enzymes (Fig 6A). Meat extract (2%, w/v) was found to be the best nitrogen source for lipase production in this study. It might be due to the fact that the meat extract contains plenty of mineral ions, kreatin, purine bases, ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash that might have stimulated the enzyme biosynthesis. However, Corzo and Revah [28] observed that employing urea achieved maximum lipolytic activity. Among inorganic nitrogen sources used, ammonium sulphate (0.4%, w/v) was the optimal inorganic nitrogen source, which increased lipase activity (Fig 6B) because active site of enzyme might be influenced by ammonium sulphate or the ammonium ions [35]. The same result was reported by Tan et al [36]. Effect of age of yeast culture and size of ino- Effect of divalent cations Besides coenzymes, certain enzymes require a metal culum Effect of age of yeast culture and inoculum size on lipase production was studied by C. utilis NRRL-Y-900. Age of yeast culture was varied from 24-72 h and level of inoculum was varied from 2.5-15% (Fig 5). The maTurk J Biochem, 2014; 39 (2) ; 140–149 ion for their maximum activity (Fig 7). In the present study, it was observed that Fe+2 and Ca+2 were beneficial for biosynthesis of lipase because these divalent cations stabilize the tertiary structure of enzyme by acting 145 Rehman et al. Fig 3. Effect of incubation period on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. Fig 4. Effect of temperature on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. Fig 5. Effect of age and level of inoculum on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. Turk J Biochem, 2014; 39 (2) ; 140–149 146 Rehman et al. Fig 6A. Effect of different organic nitrogen sources on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. Fig 6B. Effect of different inorganic nitrogen sources on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05. as cofactors, where their presence enhances the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme [37]. It was also observed that enzyme production was least effective when Mn+2 was added in the culture medium. The work conducted by Yamane et al. [38] is in consistent with the present report. Conclusion C. utilis NRRL-Y-900 was found to be better producer of extracellular lipase using soybean meal as basal subsTurk J Biochem, 2014; 39 (2) ; 140–149 trate. Lipase production was enhanced under optimized condition. Later, it was observed that supplementation of various divalent cations and nitrogen sources (both organic and inorganic) exhibited overall variation in the level of enzyme accumulation. In summary, C. utilis NRRL-Y-900 has been found to be a potential candidate for lipase production at industrial scale because of its ability to utilize agro-industrial by-products in solid state fermentation. 147 Rehman et al. Fig 7. Effect of divalent cations on lipase production. The values differ significantly at a level of p≤0.05 References [1] Zhang LQ, Zhang YD, Xu L, Li XL, Yang XC, et al. Catalyzed synthesis of RDG diamide in aqueous water miscible organic solvents. Enzyme Microb. Technl 2001; 29:129-135. [2] Gupta R, Gupta N, Rathi P. Bacterial lipases: An overview of production, purification and biochemical properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 64:763-781. [3] Ertugrul S, Donmez G, Takac S. Isolation of lipase producing Bacillus sp. from olive mill wastewater and improving its enzyme activity. J Hazard Mater 2007; 149:720-724. [4] Rane K, Sims K. Production of citric acid by Candida lipolytica Y 1095: Effect of glucose concentration on yield and productivity. Enzyme Microb Technol 1993; 15:646-651. [5] Benjamin S, Pandey A. Mixed solid substrate fermentation. A novel process for enhanced lipase production by Candida rugosa. Acta Biotechnol 1998; 18(4):315- 324. 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Biochem Eng J 2004; 18:65-71. [38] Yamane T, Ichiryu T, Nagata T, Ueno AM, Shimizu S. Intra modular esterification by lipase powder in micro aqueous benzene; factors affecting activity of pure enzyme by P. flourescens. Biotechnol. Bioeng 1990; 36:1063. Turk J Biochem, 2014; 39 (2) ; 140–149 149 Rehman et al.


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Home >> 62mm Inlet Dia Colorful Stainless Steel Car Exhaust Muffler Pipe Tail Tip for Focus
- Suitable for auto car or other vehicles, is easy to install.
- This muffler tip can not only reduce exhaust noise, also can release the exhaust gas safely and effectively.
- Notice: While assembling after the vehicles run for a first 500-1000 km, wind again closely for bolts and counter-loose nuts, any time be care for any loosing matters.
- This is Non-OEM product.
|Product Name
|Exhaust Muffler Tip
|20 x 13 x 8cm/8 x 5.2 x 3.2 inches(L*W*H)
|Stainless Steel
|Package Content
|1 x Exhaust Muffler Tip (non-oem)
|Inlet Diameter
|62mm /2.5 inches
|Outlet Size
|13 x 7cm/5.2 x 2.8 inches(L*W)
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Need a Hyperthyroidism Test in Cedar Hill, TX? Simply order online 24/7 and get a fast, affordable Hyperthyroidism Test at a lab near you (Find More Locations):
What is a Hyperthyroidism Test?
A Hyperthyroidism Test consists of multiple lab tests for people in Cedar Hill, TX which checks for hyperthyroid, or high thyroid, function.
How much does a Hyperthyroidism Test cost?
Our Hyperthyroidism Test prices include the doctor's order that you need to get tested in Cedar Hill, TX, all lab fees and taxes, and a pdf copy of your results. For current prices, CLICK HERE.
What does a Hyperthyroidism Test lab report look like?
For a sample report, please CLICK HERE.
We are delighted to offer a Hyperthyroidism Test panel in Cedar Hill, TX.
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Patient Preparation For Hip Or Knee Replacement
- Discussion of RISKS OF SURGERY with attending physician during office appointment.
- Set-up surgery date with your doctor's Practice Assistant in clinic office
1-2 Months before surgery date:
- Make an appointment with your primary care physician to obtain pre-operative medical clearance, if requested by attending physician (Use forms provided)
- If you plan to be discharged to nursing/rehabilitation facilities in your area, visit the site and check if they take your health insurance.
Please note, most patients go home after the surgery.
1 Month before surgery date:
- Receive a letter from your doctor's Practice Assistant with Required pre-surgical appointments (including PREPARE (anesthesia) appointment and Preoperative education class).
- Obtain and fax all prior medical records and operative notes from prior surgeries to your doctor's office at (415) 353-2956, if requested.
- Start taking Slow Fe, which is iron (Can be purchased at any drug store). Take it once to twice daily.
- If blood donation has been recommended for your surgery, your doctor's Practice Assistant will give you the blood order form.
**UCSF Blood bank is a drop-in clinic
- Donate your first unit of blood no earlier than 35 days before surgery.
- Donate the first unit of blood 4 weeks before your surgery, and donate second unit of blood 3 weeks before your surgery.
- Blood donation can be done at a local Red Cross facility as well.
2-3 weeks before surgery date:
Attend Required PREPARE (Anesthesia) appointment. Meet with the anesthesiologist or nurse practitioner for pre-surgical work-up including: Review medical history, physical examination, take a blood sample for testing, possible chest x-ray and/or EKG and sign surgical and blood transfusion consent forms.
Attend Recommended preoperative education class given by Sue Klarquist, Nurse Practitioner.
- Bring your family/care giver to this class.
- Bring/Discuss any questions you have with Sue, NP.
- You will receive prescriptions for Lovenox/Colace (take after surgery) at this visit.
- Bring these prescriptions ASAP to your local pharmacy.
- Organize a friend/family member to pick you up from the hospital on the day of your discharge.
- Organize friends/family/neighbors to check in on your after your surgery or to be available to help, if needed.
- If you have chosen to donate blood for your surgery, this is the time to donate the last unit.
- The more that you know about your surgery, and plan for your recovery, the more smoothly the experience will flow.
2 weeks before surgery date:
STOP taking the following medications 14 days before your surgery with the approval of your rheumatologist.
- Methotrexate
- Humira
- Enbrel
- Remicade
- Plaquinil
1 week before surgery date:
STOP taking the following medications 7 days before your surgery.
– Aspirin
– Motion, Ibuprofen, Advil
- Alleve, Naprosyn, Feldene, Dislofenac
- Vitamin E (MVI w/ Vit. E ok)
- Garlic/ Ginko biloba/ ginseng
- Glucosamine
- Fish Oil
- Any "anti-inflammatory" medication or "NSAIDS"
STOP taking the following anticoagulant medications after checking with your internist/cardiologist.
- Plavix
- Heparin
- Coumadin
- Lovenox
- Arixtra
- Any "blood thinners"
Above medications may thin your blood, and therefore, may increase the amount of blood loss during your surgery.
YOU MAY USE ANY TYLENOL (Acetaminophen) PRODUCT or Celebrex until the day of surgery.
1-3 days before surgery:
The prepare clinic staff will tell you what time to arrive at the hospital and the time of your surgery. If you have not heard from UCSF by 3pm prior to your day of surgery, please call (415) 353-1099.
Dr. Bozic's Practice Assistant will be calling you the business day prior to surgery to confirm your time of arrival for your surgery.
Day before surgery:
- Light meal for dinner with no alcohol. NOTHING TO EAT OR DRINK AFTER 12 MIDNIGHT.
- Anti-bacterial soap wash night before surgery or the morning of surgery (you will be given a packet at your PREPARE appointment).
Morning of surgery:
- You may take your routine medication, as instructed by PREPARE staff, with a small sip of water.
- You may also take Tylenol or your routine Narcotic pain medication with a small sip of water.


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Yesterday, the Standard told how one in 20 households in Britain is now worth £1 million or more.
Today, we show where the millionaires live and which postcodes are most likely to carry the magic seven-figure price-tag.
The phenomenon is no longer confined to the wealthy City "bonus belt" of central and west London. Even in once deeply unfashionable south London suburbs the £1 million home is increasingly commonplace.
There are 2,500 homes for sale in London at £1million or more and they are changing hands at the rate of about 200 a week.
Top of the list is Belgravia, where an astonishing 51 per cent of all homes are now valued in seven figures. In Mayfair the figure is 50 per cent, according to the survey from property website Primelocation.
But many of the more desirable suburbs, particularly those known for their large family homes, are only just behind.
Already 42 per cent of homes in Wimbledon and west Wimbledon - post codes SW19 and SW20 - are beyond the £1 million mark.
The area boasts huge homes on a large common, a traditional London village, a much-improved town centre, good schools and superb public-transport links.
Next are Hampstead Garden Suburb and Golders Green, where 37 per cent of homes sell for £1 million or more. Prices are buoyed by the endless demand for detached homes with their own gardens within 30 minutes of the centre of London.
Next on the list come traditional property hot spots such as Chelsea, with 33 per cent, and Kensington and west Kensington (31 per cent).
In other expensive areas - such as Hampstead, Belsize Park, Bayswater and Notting Hill - the number of £1million properties is between 22 and 25 per cent. Even in "mixed" areas, such as Pimlico, close to one in five properties is worth £1 million or more; similarly for Chiswick and Hammersmith.
Ian Springett, of Primelocation, said: "Central London has become an enclave for the global wealthy.
"Buyers here are just as likely to be Middle-Eastern or Russian as British. This makes this end of the market almost wholly independent. It has also had a ripple effect as high earners are forced further afield."
- More about:
- Households
- The Super-Rich


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Try looking on "Free Webspace" site:
It currently has 978 free web hosts in its searchable database (updated daily), of which 165 have at least 100 MB space.
Looks like the best one is As-Hosting - see review page:
It has:
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CGI, PHP, ASP, SSI, FrontPage Extensions, Perl.
Bandwidth limit 8000 MB/month.
100 POP3 Email.
10 MySQL databases.
Cpanel control panel.
There is no mention of a file size limit.


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CHICAGO (June 23, 2011) – The Marketing to Moms Coalition announced today that The Quaker Oats Company, a division of PepsiCo, is the recipient of the prestigious 2011 H.E.R. award for the "Quaker "Afterschool Rocks" campaign for Quaker Chewy Granola Bars. The H.E.R award recognizes companies that honor, empower and respect mothers through their marketing and public relations campaigns.
"The Quaker 'Afterschool Rocks' campaign pays tribute to the fact that moms enjoy bonding with their children through music," says Teri Lucie Thompson, a founding member of the Marketing to Moms Coalition and Chief Marketing Officer, Purdue University. "The campaign is fresh, well-executed, and perfectly in tune with pop culture. It's a thoroughly modern example of how to reach moms effectively."
The Quaker Chewy Afterschool Rocks Campaign, in partnership with VerveLife, a leader of tech-driven music marketing solutions, included:
"The goal of the campaign was to use music to inspire healthy lifestyles, balanced nutrition and the importance of staying active afterschool," says Bill Fiely, director of Quaker Snack Bars. "We accomplished this by positioning Quaker Chewy Granola Bars as the official snack of afterschool and rewarding purchase with music downloads for families to build their Afterschool Rocks Soundtrack together."
The Marketing to Moms Coalition is the only industry group dedicated to furthering an understanding of America's most powerful consumers. A not-for-profit organization, the group's goal is to share knowledge and insights about moms to help marketers create programs that engage and empower this driving force of the American economy. More information about the coalition can be found at www.marketingtomomscoalition.org.
Quality afterschool programs and wholesome snacks go hand-in-hand. Research shows nearly 90 percent of children ages 4 to 13 consume less than one serving of whole grains per day. 16 grams of whole grain in a food product is considered one serving of whole grain. The USDA recommends making half of your daily intake of grains whole and further recommends that the average American consume at least 3 servings (48 grams) of whole grains per day.
As the Official Snack of Afterschool, Quaker Chewy Granola Bars are a delicious and convenient snack option. With 8 grams of whole grains in each Quaker Chewy Granola Bar, children receive half a serving of whole grains in one bar. Quaker Chewy Granola Bars come individually wrapped and contain no high fructose corn syrup, making them a great afterschool snack moms feel good about serving.
The Quaker Oats Company, headquartered in Chicago, is a unit of PepsiCo, Inc., one of the world's largest consumer packaged goods companies. For more than 130 years, Quaker's brands have served as symbols of quality, great taste and nutrition. Holding No. 1 positions in their respective categories, Quaker Oats, Quaker Rice Cakes and Quaker Chewy Granola Bars are consumer favorites. For more information, please visit www.QuakerOats.com.
PepsiCo offers the world's largest portfolio of billion-dollar food and beverage brands, including 19 different product lines that generate more than $1 billion in annual retail sales each. Our main businesses -- Quaker, Tropicana, Gatorade, Frito-Lay, and Pepsi Cola -- also make hundreds of other enjoyable and wholesome foods and beverages that are respected household names throughout the world. With net revenues of approximately $60 billion, PepsiCo's people are united by our unique commitment to sustainable growth by investing in a healthier future for people and our planet, which we believe also means a more successful future for PepsiCo. We call this commitment Performance with Purpose: PepsiCo's promise to provide a wide range of foods and beverages for local tastes; to find innovative ways to minimize our impact on the environment, including by conserving energy and water usage, and reducing packaging volume; to provide a great workplace for our associates; and to respect, support, and invest in the local communities where we operate. For more information, please visit www.pepsico.com.
With offices in Chicago, New York and Dallas, VerveLife provides the most comprehensive, technology-based products, creative services, and digital music marketing expertise to brands and retailers looking to attract and engage consumers, accelerate growth and build relationships that drive loyalty. The company has earned numerous awards for its work in the digital music promotions industry. Learn more about VerveLife at www.VerveLife.com, or on the company's blog, Twitter stream or Facebook page.
For more information contact:
Marketing to Moms Coalition
Contact: Teri Lucie Thompson
Click here for a printer-friendly version.


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Bayview Beach
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- Swimming pool
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TripAdvisor Reviews Bayview Beach Biggera Waters
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Peaks Challenge Gold Coast
... pillow, water fun area, tennis courts, etc. But at this park at least, all these facilities were being actively used, so someone was getting the benefit of my $$.
Met up for dinner with several of the crew that I will be working with for the next four days on the Peaks Challenge Gold Coast, bicycle event.
Thursday August 6th -
Travelled to the event work-site at Royal Pines RACV Resort with the ...
Dracula's and Ross and Jen's farewell
... hills,sharp
corners and scary big trucks. Beautiful forests with huge trees, palms and ferns help to calm the nerves. By chance I decide to stop in at the Eagle Heights Mountain Resort for refreshments where we are treated to a spectacular view of the Gold Coast about 20km in the distance. With perfect weather we have stunning views of the Surfers Paradise high rise buildings as well as 180 deg views of the Pacific Ocean. Back on ...
The Gold Coast
... here but hopefully we might intersect somewhere further south. Coolangatta was just up the road and it was exciting to cross the street and therefore the border from New South Wales into Queensland. There seemed to be an unusually large number of classic cars and rockerbilly hairstyles and dress shops around and we wondered what was going on. When we reached the foreshore we found out we had arrived at the beginning of the Cooly Rocks Festival, a week long ...
Pen and the Paddle
... then Becky suggested we should go out, so obviously I didn't want to turn that down and I did. We played three more rounds of Table Tennis (I won every game, much to Becky's horror) and then headed into town where Becky got a Boost and I got an ice cream. We didn't really do much we just wandered along saw a little bit of a band and headed back home. We slobbed out for a lot of the day but we did manage to apply for a few jobs too. I'm ...
Appraise the Beemer !
... by BMW for use on motorcycles.
As with cars you can never lock up the wheel even if you are on a gravel road and squeeze the front brake as hard as you can while going around a corner. A sudden panic stop in driving rain will not land you on your side (which happened to me once) When you use the front brake, the rear brake is activated to a certain extend as well,making stopping a very quick and easy task.
ESA- Electronic ...


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Abitare Rialto
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- Free High-Speed Internet
- Continental Breakfast
Photos of Abitare Rialto
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- Free High-Speed Internet
- Continental Breakfast
TripAdvisor Reviews Abitare Rialto Venice
Travel Blogs from Venice
Walkways and waterways
Our last stop in Italy was Venice. We stayed in a camping hostel on the mainland which was actually quite cool. They have tent sites but also rows of trailer style cabins with bunks and private bathrooms. They also had their own supermarket, bar, restaurant and pool. Bonus - we had aircon!!!
We started our first day in Venice with a walking tour - our only one we managed to do in Italy. Our guide was great. The tour took us around a lot of the ...
Day 67- Venice
... away next to a busy piazza with coffee shops below us. Mum went to the local supermarket and we had a big dinner of mushroom pasta , made with all sorts of interesting and unusual mushrooms that mum found at the market. We relaxed watching movies and prepared ourselves for a big day in old Venice tomorrow. Bye for now - Grace
Day 11 - Venice Day 2
... need to give Piccolo Mondo a shot. They wander around for 20-30 min in search before coming across a shady looking door that must be Piccolo Mondo. They ring the bell and a man in a full suit comes down to ask them what they're looking for and when they clearly don't provide the right answer he says that the place is closed. This is clearly a lie, but the group of 4 tourists probably never had any shot at getting ...
... ride and it would have been amazing except our gondolier didn't stop talking to the gondolier in front of him! It was still cool though! Went to a linen shop and learnt the different types of linen and how long it can take! Their most expensive table cloth was $21,000! We then went to a glass factory and saw a guy make a horse in 2 minutes! Venice is an absolutely amazing place and I would recommend ...
Art Appreciation Day in Venice
... which are main attraction in Venetian churches and museums. We enjoyed seeing art by artist, such as Picasso, Jackson Pollock, Mior, de Chirico, Magritte, Kandinsky, Mondrian, and Malevich. A visit to this museum including an audio guide was well worth the cost of over 35 Euros (about $47).
The Guggenheim also had a very strange special exhibit called "For Your Eyes Only." The exhibit had approximately 120 works from the ...


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Describing her roots in the Army ROTC, her love for Kentucky and pride in Fort Knox, the new post commander received a hearty ovation following her speech Wednesday at the Hardin County Chamber of
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Discontent on display
May Day marchers seek altered status quo
Workers and union members marching on May Day is hardly a new phenomenon. Particularly overseas, parades and demonstrations celebrating workers have been occurring for decades.
Some years the various rallies seem like isolated events; some years the workers' complaints are more legitimate than others. News organizations generally show more interest when violence occurs.
There was violence in a few of this year's demonstrations, including Seattle's. Even though the violence is often fostered by folks with little in common with rally organizers, it hurts legitimate causes.
But there also seemed genuine passion, discontent with the status quo and growing conviction this year that something has to change.
Ana Lopez, a 44-year-old Spanish civil servant, is upset with her government. She's hardly alone among Spaniards, who are enduring considerably more acute hardships than are Americans. She expressed disappointment to the Associated Press that her government isn't doing more to help workers and that banks are the beneficiaries of the economic crisis. Yet when she said, "Money does not just disappear. It does not fly away. It just changes hands, and now it is with the banks. And the politicians are puppets of the banks," she spoke for marchers in American cities as well as her counterparts in Spain and other European cities.
The problems differ — and not just in degree — from country to country. Yet common threads exist; they extend beyond the lack of jobs to the perception that there are fewer opportunities than there once were and that vast numbers of people are as well off now as they will ever be — even if they're not particularly well off.
Another common thread is the growing resentment of large financial institutions and governments. Occupy Wall Street isn't universal; nor is it entirely sympathetic. But those who take and profit from irresponsible risks at large financial institutions and their political "puppets" shouldn't be surprised that they're mistrusted more than envied by a lot of folks who work just as hard, in many cases are well educated and yet have little to show for their efforts. The rich can get richer, but not at the expense of the poor, who are getting poorer.
May Day is over. Most marchers have gone back to work or school or back to looking for jobs, hoping but perhaps not believing their lot will improve before next May Day.


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Psychology & Personal Growth
The Path of Self-Compassion–9 Practices for Opening the HeartCompassion is the urge to understand and alleviate the suffering of another being. And if that being happens to be you, then the technique called self-compassion can be the greatest of blessings—for the compassion you learn to apply to yourself naturally extends to all the other people in your life. With the nine simple mindfulness practices she presents here, Radhule Weininger provides a step-by-step course in self-compassion. Using stories drawn… Read More
Paperback$16.95+ Add to Bag
Buddhism for Busy People
Finding Happiness in a Hurried WorldWhat does it take to be happy? We've all asked ourselves this question at some point, but few of us have found the path to lasting fulfillment.David Michie thought he had achieved his life's goals—the high-level job, the expensive city apartment, the luxury car, the great vacations—but a small voice was telling him he wasn't really happy. A chance remark from a naturopath sent him to his local Buddhist center.… Read More
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The Five Longings
What We've Always Wanted—and Already HaveIf you've ever had a vague sense that something's missing from your life, congratulations: that longing for something better is a sign of being fully human, fully alive. But what's even more wonderful, according to Dave Richo, is that when you identify and carefully examine the things you long for—like love, meaning, freedom, happiness, and growth—you not only discover deep truths about yourself, but you also find that the things… Read More
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Mindful Games Activity Cards
55 Fun Ways to Share Mindfulness with Kids and TeensMindful play is a great way for kids to develop their focusing skills while learning to regulate their emotions and respond to any situation calmly, with kindness and compassion. Here are fifty-five simple and accessible games that can bring mindfulness to your daily routine. These delightful games, developed and tested over many years of working with children and their caregivers, are designed for kids, but they can be just as… Read More
Mixed Media$16.95+ Add to Bag
The Zen of You and Me
A Guide to Getting Along with Just About AnyoneThe people who get under your skin the most can in fact be your greatest teachers. It's not a matter of overlooking differences—for those very differences offer a path to profound connection. Diane Hamilton's practical, reality-based guide to living harmoniously with even your most irritating fellow humans—spouses, partners, colleagues, parents, children—shows that "getting along" is really a matter of discovering that our differences are nothing other than an expression of… Read More
Paperback$12.95+ Add to Bag
A Plea for the Animals
The Moral, Philosophical, and Evolutionary Imperative to Treat All Beings with CompassionEvery cow just wants to be happy. Every chicken just wants to be free. Every bear, dog, or mouse experiences sorrow and feels pain as intensely as any of us humans do. In a compelling appeal to reason and human kindness, Matthieu Ricard here takes the arguments from his best-sellers Altruism and Happiness to their logical conclusion: that compassion toward all beings, including our fellow animals, is a moral obligation… Read More
Hardcover$26.95+ Add to Bag
Breathe through This
Mindfulness for Parents of TeenagersYou try to be supportive through all the emotional ups and downs, but if you're too supportive, they feel smothered. You want to give them the freedom necessary to grow, but not so much that they're left vulnerable—and however you try to do it, you can count on being wrong. Parenting a teenager is a challenge, to be sure, but Eline Snel has some very good news for those facing… Read More
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Parenting in the Age of Attention Snatchers
A Step-by-Step Guide to Balancing Your Child's Use of TechnologyAre your kids glued to their screens? Here is a practical, step-by-step guide that gives parents the tools to teach children, from toddlers to teens, how to gain control of their technology use. As children spend more of their time on tablets and smartphones, using apps specially engineered to capture their attention, parents are becoming concerned about the effects of so much technology use—and they feel powerless to intervene. They… Read More
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In Search of Being
The Fourth Way to ConsciousnessAre we able to say that life is governed by a group of conscious people? Where are they? Who are they? We see exactly the opposite: that life is governed by those who are the least conscious, by those who are most asleep. Provocative ideas such as these have attracted generations of thoughtful people to the methods of self-study and inner work devised by Gurdjieff, one of the most… Read More
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Automakers have been clamoring to convey their ethos to a new generation and cast their brand in a positive light through the Vision Gran Turismo series. But while these concepts are designed for the virtual reality of Gran Turismo 6, some automakers have gone a step further by pulling their creations out of cyberspace and rendering them in the metal. And that's just what Infiniti has done with its design.
Infiniti revealed its Concept Vision Gran Turismo back in December, striking a a sleek, low-slung form that looks more polished than a racing car but more track-focused than most concepts. It's powered (at least hypothetically) by a 4.5-liter V8 hybrid powertrain, with center-lock carbon-fiber wheels and rearward-biased 45/55 weight distribution.
It's the kind of beast we'd love to drive, but while that may only be possible on Playstation, at least we know it does exist in physical reality – even if only as a full-scale model. Infiniti showcased it alongside the Q80 Inspiration and Q60 Concept at an exclusive event during the Shanghai Motor Show last week, but just revealed the photos now, so you can scope them out in the slideshow above.


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10K Gold Small Chakra Flower Earrings
$ 785.00
The chakras are invisible energy centers of the body interfacing between the physical and subtle worlds. Chakras are centers of consciousness and are positioned along the spinal cord from the base of the spine to the top of the head. All seven chakras are engraved within a lotus flower on these recycled 10K gold earrings, measuring approximately ½" in diameter and 1" in length from 14K gold ear wire.


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Kinetics of ammonia and ammonium ion inhibition of the atmospheric oxidation of aqueous sulfur dioxide by oxygen
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s10874-009-9123-8
- Cite this article as:
- Mudgal, P.K., Sharma, A.K., Mishra, C.D. et al. J Atmos Chem (2008) 61: 31. doi:10.1007/s10874-009-9123-8
This is the first study, which shows both NH3 and NH4+ to inhibit the autoxidation of aqueous SO2 in the pH range 7.0–8.5. The rate of the autoxidation, Raut, in both buffered and unbuffered media at a fixed pH is in conformity with the rate law:
where R0 is rate in the absence of the inhibitors, B is a pH dependent empirical constant and [Inh]T is the analytical concentration of NH3 or NH4+. Both ammonia and ammonium ions appear to inhibit the autoxidation either by scavenging SO4− radicals or by forming less-reactive /unreactive Co(II)-NH3 complexes or both. The atmospheric relevance of the inhibition by ammonia and ammonium ions is discussed.
$$ R_{aut} ={{R_0 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{R_0 } {\left( {{\text{1 + }}B\left[ {\text{Inh}} \right]_{\text{T}} } \right)}}} \right. } {\left( {{\text{1 + }}B\left[ {\text{Inh}} \right]_{\text{T}} } \right)}} $$
KeywordsAmmonia Ammonium ion Sulfur(IV) Metal ions Autoxidation Inhibition Kinetics
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009


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Childrens Ministry
We strive to evangelize and disciple children through programs that are rich in Bible learning, scripture memorization and life application.
Student Ministry
Illuminate YM is the student ministry here at First Baptist Church West Columbia. We exist to connect teenagers to Christ and one another.
Mens Ministry
We want to be men of faith, men of accountability, and men of encouragment. Join us...if you're man enough.
Womens Ministry
Looking for a close circle of women you can trust? Want to grow in Christ in a comfortable place? Come join these ladies.
Small Groups
Weekly gatherings at the church are vital, but so is community. We believe growing in your faith is important, and small groups help you do just that.
Mothers Day Out
Mother's Day Out is a two day a week program with the primary objectives of providing parents with Christ-centered child-care for their preschool-aged children.
Good News Club
Come take Jesus to West Columbia! Every week, we host an after school program, endorsed by Child Evangelism Fellowship, that at WC Elementary for children in Kindergarten through Third grades.
Jesus tells us to GO! Go tell the world about Him. And that is exactly what we do. Want to go with us?