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January 20, 1984
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Thursday, January 19, 1984
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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung
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New Braunfels, Texas
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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - January 20, 1984, New Braunfels, Texas I nC i'i < oro, Lr/ •-it . Hitch ^omDle i .0. DCX 45*0o Com, - - l)h11ps , 75?/l'S a a Henry, resort owners at odds on room tax By DY ANNE FRY Staff writer Of the 20 hotel and resort managers who met Thursday at Guadalupe Outpost, none favored an increase in the city room-occupancy tax. Not now, at least. Gary Cattell, manager of the Faust Hotel, said he might support an increase if more revenue was needed to promote the tourist industry. He added that as far as he can tell, the Chamber of Commerce is doing all right with what it's getting, and no one in the tourist industry is asking for more. Stan Woodward and Jack Krueger, part owners in The Other Place, weren't sure anyone at all wanted to raise the room tax, despite Bob Henry's reports of "a move afoot" to do so in city government. ''The best information I have is there's no move afoot," Krueger told Henry, who precipitated Thursday's meeting with a letter of warning to his fellow hotel owners. Henry's family owns the Schlitterbahn and Landa Resort. "If you had your ears out, you'd know there was — in spite of what they say in the paper," replied Henry. (All seven council members, when queried by the Herald-Zeitung, denied any knowledge of such a move. They also denied having discussed the room tax with Henry, who stated in his letter that he'd gotten his information from a city council member.) After two hours of discussion, the assembled hoteliers conceded that the tax money now allotted to the chamber's Convention and Visitors' Bureau might be better spent. They decided the best way to achieve that was to work through the visitors' bureau. Before it was all over, Bob and his son Jeff Henry had more or less agreed to rejoin the chamber, which the elder Henry had left in disgust some years back. "Let me explain to you why I don't belong to the Chamber of Com merce," he told the crowd. "Ninety-five percent of my business is done in the summer, and I find it unreal that the chamber refuses to advertise when I do most of my business." Krueger, who has served on the tourism committee ever since its inception, said, "Ifs the committee's choice not to advertise for summer tourists. We didn't think it was wise to spend chamber money advertising for tourists when you're already full." Woodward challenged statistics quoted in Henry's letter, which said the highest occupancy rate for any resort during the best quarter of the year was only 69 percent. "We're way over that," he said. The Other Place is usually booked up a year in advance, because people leaving at the end of their stay make reservations for next year. Henry asked him which quarter: April through June, or August through September? "During the summer," said Woodward. "After Labor Day, everything falls off. September is one of the months we (the chamber committee) promote, Bob." As the evening progressed, Jeff Henry admitted his family's resorts had all the business they could handle in July and August, but he said June See HENRY, Page 7New JjaM- BraunfelsNew Braunfels, TexasHarald-ZeitungVolume 93—No. 15 16 Pages FRIDAY January 20,1984 25 Cents (USPS 377-880) Teacher's appeal denied rn rn By DORIAN MARTIN Staff writer The State Commission of Education upheld the dismissal last year of a New Braunfels ISD teacher. State Board of Education Chairman Joe Kelly Butler ruled on Jan. 14 that the non-renewal of the contract of Carmen Amaro was correct. NBISD Superintendent Charles Bradberry was informed of the decision in a letter received Thursday. With the decision, Amaro's only chance for reinstatement is through a civil court of law. Contacted Thursday night about her plans, Amaro said, "It depends. I'm not going to answer anything now." She said she would be contacting her attorneys. Butler's findings in the case were based on recommendations by the board's hearing officer on July 22,1983 and commissioner on Sept. 19. Amaro, a first-grade teacher, was with the district for 13 years, half of which was spent at Lone Star Elementary. Her contract was not renewed during a four-hour hearing by the NBISD board of trustees May 17. That decision followed the administration's recommendation. The first indication of the non-renewal came in a meeting March 15,1983. Afterwards, Amaro requested a formal hearing, which is allowed by district policy. However, the teacher did not appear at the hearing, following the advice of her legal counsel. Her attorneys also were unsuccessful in obtaining an injunction to District Court to halt those proceedings. Four school officials, including Lone Star Principal Richard Free, were questioned by NBISD Jack Borchers during the hearing. The reason for her dismissal was not available. Following the board's decision, Amaro appealed to the TEC. In his opinion, hearing officer Mark W. Robinett wrote: — "Petitioner received adequate notice in compliance with... Term Contract Nonrenewal Act." — "Petitioner waived her right to any issue related to the local hearing by failing to appear." — "Petitioners appeal should be DENIED" (emphasis added by Robinett). I New storms bring sub-zero readings mat * iCBB By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS A curtain of cold descending from Canada plunged temperatures to below zero today from the northern Rockies to the Northeast, and readings in the teens were recorded as far south as louisiana, Alabama and Georgia. "In fact, if you want a nice, warm vacation, you can go to Alaska," said Nolan Duke of the National Severe Storms Forecast Center in Kansas City, Mo. Juneau and Anchorage were both to be at or above the freezing mark, he said. The mercury sank to 31 below today in International Falls, Minn., and 24 below in Fargo, N.D. Minneapolis reported a reading of 19 below, and most of Minnesota was in the minus-20 to rninus-30 range. New Orleans hovered around the freezing mark overnight, and south Florida could do no better than the 40s and 50sToday's Weather Temperature a*« expected to dtop into the 20s tonight, end that. combined With high winds Witt send the wmd chill facto* down to a bone chilling minus five degrees There s also a 30 percent chance of sleet or snow today, ending late tonight Winds will be from the northeast at 1525 mph today, shifting to the north at 15 25 mph tonight Sunset will be at 5 58 p rn and sunrise Saturday will be at 7 25 a m But dense cloud cover apparently spared the Florida citrus belt from another killer cold like December's. "Think of the clouds as being a roof, and it keeps the heat in," said Emmett Ricks of the National Weather Service in Miami That protective roof has been blown off most of the nation by a jet stream of icy air from the depths of the arctic. And while the sun was expected to shine on most of the nation today, it will be an empty light bringing little warmth to a nation weary of cold. Duke said temperatures will moderate somewhat over the Rockies and the Plains but warned that "ifs still only January." From the Rockies to the Northeast and as far south as Kansas and Missouri, the mercury was stuck below the zero mark. Chicago checked in at minus 6 this morning It was 6 degrees below zero in Pittsburgh, 15 above in New York City and 12 degrees in Baston. In the Northeast, the bitter cold compounded problems caused by the snowstorms of the last two days. "Whatever you got from the storm, if you didn t scrape it off you can forget it for the next couple of days." said Jim Eberwine of the National Weather Service in Newark. N J., where it was 7 degrees. "Ifs going to be rock -olid." Interest low in utility payment plans Meter mischief St*ti pnoto Oy jonn fit Stinter Some sharp shooting vandals shot out a window and a meter in the Freiheit electrical substation behind Canyon High Thursday night. The suspects had to shoot through a window and from behind a fence to damage this meter, located inside the substation control room. The damage was discovered Friday morning. By DEBBIE DetOACH Staff writer Because of December's Big Chill, local gas and electrical bills for January have been averaging two or three — even four — times higher than usual. Both New Braunfels Utilities and Entex have publicized deferred payment options to their customers for January, but there haven't been any takers yet. No one had signed up for NBU's deferral plan, Roberta Schmid, collections supervisor, said Friday. "We have had a lot of phone calls asking about the plan, but no actual signatures," she added The situation at Entex is slightly different. "We have for years worked with customers who can't pay all their bills," Robert Jones, Entex district manager for South Texas, said Friday. "Our proposal for January is to take the excess from December, and disperse that over 60 to 90 days. Jones added there are Entex customers currently on deferred payment plans, but no one has signed up yet just because of the December cold wave. lvocal gas bills in the mail for January "have been close to twice the normal amount," Jones said. "Many people haven't gotten their bills yet, and some don't start thinking about paying it until two days before we cut their gas off. So we could still have some people sign up this month." Schmid said electricity bills to be paid in January "have been three to four times higher than usual The cold spell coming during the Chn.-anas holidays really hit some people hard." she added "Many people have called about our temporary deferred payment plan, but no one has actually come in and signed an agreement," Schmid said "We explain the program over the phone, and then tell them they have to pay their February bill in full, plus the unpaid January portion. "A lot don't want to gamble that much, because it's still cold and supposed to get colder," she added. Under the NBL' plan, customers with a history of good credit may defer up to 50 percent of their Jan 15 and Jan 30 bills. To sign up, customers must bring their bills to the Utilities Main Office at 263 E. Main Office and sign a payment deferral agreement. Thumbs down em Garden Ridge residents oppose zoning law At least 200 people braved the cold to show up for a town meeting over possible changes in the zoning ordinance in Garden Ridge Thursday night. And with one exception, everyone who took the microphone had the same message: We want Garden Ridge to continue as a way of life, and not just a place to live. Concern over a survey questionnaire listing 13 different zoning classiifications brought the crowd to the Bracken Volunteer Fire Department Station, and the city's Planniing and Zoning Commission got exactly what it wanted: lots of public input. The city's current zoning ordinance contains only three classifications: R for residential single family, RA for residential-agriculture, and B for retail business. However, P&Z Commission chairman Bob Kolstad said, "There are no B's to date." The current minimum lot size is 30,000 square feet, with two-thirds of the city undeveloped. The present zoning ordinance was established in June, 1974. Residents at the town meeting seemed to like the current minimum lot size, and didn't want to see it get any smaller — with one exception. Elaine Mount of 9335 Sumac Lane was all for a Garden Home Residential zoning proposal with a 9,000 square foot minimum lot size. "I'm for garden homes, because that's what I'd Uke to Uve in," Mount said amidst voices in the audience suggesting she move somewhere else. "I'm not saying I want a lot of shoddy, high density housing here either. But we could have a few nice garden homes with big yards to keep up, instead of having to move when we get too old to mow the grass." Everyone else said leave things alone. The former mayor of Garden Ridge, Betty McGranahan, brought the house down with her comments: "(The Commission and the City Council) needs to realize why we came to Garden Ridge in the first place — big lots, country atmosphere and lots of grass to mow," McGranahan began. "I'm going to get old too, but I'm Uving in the cheapest housing I can find, and I'll find some alternative to mowing the grass when that time comes. "Those with heads on their shoulders know places like Garden Ridge are hard to find," she added, "lf we destroy it now, we won't ever get it back." Pete Read, who wrote the 1974 ordinance, agreed. "To do anything to speed up the growth or change this place would be foolish. The present ordinance answers all the requirements we have," Read said, "and I don't think developers should make money at our expense." At its Dec. I meeting, the Planning and Zoning Commission had proposed this recommendation to city council: RA-residence-agriculture: R-l for residence single family 130,000 minimum square foot lots with septic system); R-2 for residence single family (min. 22,500 sq. ft. lots with public salutary sewer); R-3 for garden home (min. 12,000 sq. ft. lots with public sanitary sewer); B-l for retail business and neighborhood service district; B-2 for general business district; 1-1 for light industrial; and PDfor predevelopment. The commission's Dec. I vote on R-2 was 4-2 in favor, but disharmony over R-3 prompted the questionnaire and the town meeting suggestion, Kolstad said. - DEBBIE DoLOACH BOB HENRY .. .no tax consensus Chamber Banquet Bill and Nan Dillen receive congratulations from Chamber President Mitch Sacco after winning the Besserung Award at last year's Chamber of Commerce banquet The annual banquet starts tonight at 7 at die Civic Center. CLASSIFIED.......... 10-16 COMICS...........................6 DEAR ABBY........................2 DEATHS...........................2 ENTERTAINMENT...................8 HOROSCOPE.......................2 OPINIONS...................... 4 RELIGIOUS FOCUS. . . . T..............6 SPORTS.........................6,7 STOCKS...........................3 WEATHER....................... . 2 Expert says McClellan didn't have 'crib death' GEORGETOWN (API - A pathologist testified today that Chelsea McClellan's death was officially attributed to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, although the decision "wasn't a firm thing " Prosecutors say murder defendant Genene Jones killed 15-month-old Chelsea in 1982 by injecting a powerful drug But defense lawyer Jim Brookshire today tried to show jurors that the infant's death could have been a result of SIDS. Dr. James Fletes, who performed the autopsy on the child, said the cause of death was listed as SIDS but "the child wasn't the correct age " He said SIDS usually kills children in the 5-to-6-month-old range. "The circumstances were not correct," Fletes said, adding that the SIDS decision was based on another pathologist's tests "It doesn't fit the characteristics of full-blown SIDS, "he said. Brookshire tried to show jurors that SIDS (sometimes called 'crib death') can strike older children, but Fletes would go no further than acknowledging that "a very few children older than six months die from the mysterious syndrome The pathologist said the death case was listed as "atypical form of SIDS probably. It wasn't a firm thing Ms Jones is charged with injecting the 15-month-old girl with a muscle relaxant that baffled doctors and killed the baby in September 1982. Kerr County District Attorney Hon Sutton started telling the story somewhere in the nuddle, beyond the point when Ms Jones allegedly gave the injection at a Kerrville pediatric clinic. It may be up to Dr Kathleen Holland, wtio owned the office and hired Ms Jones, to clearly implicate her former hurse. Thursday's prosecution witnesses recounted a tale of a baby they didn't think was in a struggle for life. Ambulance driver Steve Brown was called to Ms Holland s office on Sept 17,1982 to take the girl to Sid Peterson Hospital in Kerrville He testified the baby was on an examining table in Ms. Holland's office and there w as "not much of any kind of movement." The girl was loaded into the ambulance and stopped breathing during the three-minute trip to the hospital, he said. At the hospital it was decided to take Chelsea to a San Antonio hospital for tests Brown said the infant seemed OK w hen loaded back into the ambulance "Everything seemed real good to me. The baby was stable That's what I was told," he testified. ;
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 5, 2011
|Filing date
|Jul 30, 2010
|Priority date
|Dec 1, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Robert J. Anderson
|Original Assignee
|Trueposition, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (39), Non-Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (1), Classifications (16), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/607,420, filed Dec. 1, 2006, now pending, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates generally to the field of wireless communications, and more specifically to the location of devices within the coverage area of a wireless communications network.
Several techniques for locating wireless devices involve the Mobile Station (MS) making measurements of the signals transmitted by the base stations of a wireless communication network. (The term MS or Mobile Station, as used herein, refers to any type of wireless phone or other mobile device having a radio communications capability.) These techniques are known by the acronyms EOTD, AFLT, OTD and ECID.
All of these location techniques involve a MS measuring signals whose characteristics vary as a function of the distance between the MS and the Base Stations transmitting the signals. In addition, all of these location techniques require knowledge of key cell site information. Such key cell site information may include cell identification information and transmit antenna location. In addition, some of these location techniques require additional information about the transmitters, such as transmitter signal timing, signal transmit power, and signal propagation or signal loss in the environment. This information can be difficult to obtain from wireless network operators because it is dynamic and distributed across multiple data bases. This information may be difficult to obtain and maintain across multiple wireless network operators, as some operators may not be willing to cooperate and provide this information. The accuracy of each of the location techniques described above will be improved if a larger number of the base station signals are used in the location solution, which is possible when the transmit signals across multiple wireless networks are available. The accuracy of each of these techniques is dependent upon the number and quality of the signals available for measurement, and so the ability for a location solution to utilize these signals across multiple wireless networks will provide better performance than could be achieved if the measurements were limited to the signals of a single wireless network.
One goal of the present invention is to provide an automatic way to detect the existence of one or more useful wireless transmitters, determine the cell identification information so that each transmitter can be referred to later, determine the transmitter antenna locations, determine the transmitter timing, determine the transmitter power level, and determine the signal power loss as a function of location, so that any such wireless transmitter can be used to locate mobile stations.
The following summary is intended to explain several aspects of the illustrative embodiments described in greater detail below. This summary is not intended to cover all inventive aspects of the disclosed subject matter, nor is it intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims set forth below.
In one illustrative embodiment, the present invention provides a system for locating a mobile wireless device. The system includes a location processing node, at least one wireless device, and a server. In an exemplary embodiment, the wireless device is configured to communicate with the location processing node via a communications link, and to make scanning measurements of signals from one or more geographically distributed transmitters. Moreover, the at least one wireless device is further configured to assist the location processing node in determining key transmitter information by receiving and measuring characteristics of the signals and providing information about these characteristics via the communications link to the location processing node. The server is configured to communicate with a wireless device to be located, and to cause the wireless device to make signal measurements of signals from one or more transmitters and to provide measurement information to the location processing node. The characteristics measured by the at least one wireless device are useful to determine the key transmitter information.
In an illustrative embodiments, the at least one wireless device is further configured to communicate the key transmitter information to the location processing node, wherein the information may be used by the location processing node to compute the location of one or more wireless devices. In addition, the system is configured to operate with the one or more transmitters, and at least one transmitter is part of a first wireless communications network and at least one transmitter is part of a second wireless communications network. The server may also be configured to communicate via a user plane data channel with the at least one wireless device, and the wireless device may be configured to provide measurement information via the data channel to the location processing node.
The key transmitter information preferably includes cell identification information, which may include at least one member of the group consisting of Cell ID, frequency channel, base station identity code, Cell Global Identity, and Base Station ID. The key transmitter information may also include cell transmitter location information, which may include latitude and longitude, and possibly altitude. In addition, the key transmitter information may include cell transmitter signal timing information, and the signal measurements may include relative signal timing and/or absolute signal timing.
The present invention also provides, and may be embodied in, methods, wireless devices, and computer readable media comprising software for carrying out the functions and activities described herein.
Other aspects and embodiments of the present invention are described below.
The foregoing summary as well as the following detailed description are better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings exemplary constructions of the invention; however, the invention is not limited to the specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed. In the drawings:
We will now describe illustrative or presently preferred embodiments of the present invention. First, we provide an overview and then a more detailed description.
The present invention provides a system for locating devices within the coverage area of a wireless network. The invention may be embodied in a system that employs much of the existing infrastructure in a wireless network. For example, the system may utilize the wireless network to facilitate communication between the MSs and a location server. The system may employ a user-plane, or Secure User-plane (SUPL), connection between the MS and the location server. An example of such a user plane is defined by an Open Mobile Alliance technical standard (see www.openmobilealliance.org).
Co-pending patent application Ser. No. 11/533,310, filed Sep. 19, 2006, entitled "USER PLANE UPLINK TIME DIFFERENCE OF ARRIVAL (U-TDOA)," describes a user plane approach to network-based wireless location. Typical U-TDOA solutions are often based on the control plane architecture, which can require extensive modifications of the mobile network infrastructure in line with the ANSI/3GPP location services standards (for example, ANSI/ETSI J-STD-036 and ANSI ESTI GSM 03.17). The control plane approach involves the use of information conveyed in the control or voice channels (also known respectively as the access channel and traffic channels, among other names) to locate the mobile device. In contrast, in a user plane architecture, the location server can communicate directly with the mobile device via a data or IP (Internet Protocol) link carried by the wireless operator's radio network but not part of the control/voice (or access/traffic) channel structures, thus requiring no modifications to the core or radio network. The '310 application describes a system that may be used to instruct the wireless location system (WLS) how to locate a mobile device (such as an LDP Device, where LDP stands for location device platform). In the control plane approach, the WLS waits for information from the wireless communications network before calculating a position, whether via U-TDOA, Cell-ID, Cell-ID+Timing Advance, or Cell-ID with Power Difference of Arrival. In the user plane approach, the mobile device provides to an LES (also called the Location Enabling Server, or LES) sufficient information over the data channel to perform the location calculation. The information provided to the LES is known to the mobile device (i.e., LDP Device) and this knowledge is leveraged to facilitate the location calculation. In addition, the mobile information can also be used for tasking, for example, to task the U-TDOA/AoA WLS since the information sent over the data connection can include serving cell, neighboring cells, frequency, and hopping pattern information. In the prior control plane approach, this information is obtained from the network via the E5, Lb or Iupc interface (for example) and not from the mobile over a data channel.
Exemplary aspects of the inventive system include the following:
1. The key information for each base station transmitter is determined across one or more wireless networks. This key information may include:
2. This key information is provided to a node capable of computing a location. This node could be the MS, the location server, or some other node.
3. The MS to be located makes measurements of transmitted signals. Signal measurements may include timing, power level measurements, or signal to noise ratio measurements.
4. Signal measurements performed by the MS are provided to a node capable of computing a location.
The step of providing information for each base station may include the following steps:
1. Fixed or wireless devices scan for wireless base station signals;
2. Devices determine cell or base station identification information;
3. Devices make measurements of the received base station signals. Such measurements may include signal timing/phase and power level.
4. The key transmitter parameters are determined based on these signal measurements.
This concept is distinct from several location concepts defined in the prior art, which generally require that the transmitter location and timing, and transmit power are known. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,293,645 (Sood); 6,529,165 (Duffet-Smith); 5,646,632 (Khan); 5,045,861 (Duffet-Smith); and 6,094,168 (Duffet-Smith). For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,529,165 identifies a method to determine the position of a MS, as well as the base station signal timing, through a complex matrix solution. This solution requires the cell IDs and cell positions to be known a priori. The present invention provides for automatic determination of relevant cell site information, which may include identification for the cell sites, positions for the cell transmit antenna, transmit power and signal propagation.
Detailed Description of System for Automatically Determining Cell Transmitter Parameters
As discussed above,
Location server 51 tasks MSs 31, 32, and 33 via commands through the wireless network to scan all available wireless bands for base station broadcast signals. In North America, this could include the cellular (800 MHz) band and PCS (1900 MHz) band. In Europe, this could include the GSM (900 MHz) band and the PCN (1800 MHz) band, or the UMTS (2100 MHz) band. In other regions, these bands may be different, and over time the set of bands may change as licenses for wireless service evolve. During this scanning process, the MS will store information for each of the base stations it can detect. The MS may be commanded to scan and report cell information for cells outside of its home network, as these cells are just as useful as the cells of the home network in supporting location related measurements. This cell information may include: cell identification information, broadcast channel number or frequency, received signal power, and relative time difference of received signals. This information may then be provided to the location server 51. If the MS has any other relevant position information, such as a position determined from a built-in GPS receiver, or if the MS's position is fixed and is known, or if the timing of the device can be mapped to timing derived in the device by GPS, this information can be provided to the server as well. This information from many MSs can be collected by the location server 51 and used to determine information that can be used to locate these MSs, and other MSs in the area, in the future.
Step 1: The key information for the base station transmitter is determined across one or more wireless networks. This key information includes:
Step 2: This key information is provided to a node capable of computing a location. This node could be the MS, the location server, or some other node.
Step 3: MS makes measurements of transmitted signals. Signal measurements may include timing, power level measurements, or signal to noise ratio measurements.
Step 4: Signal measurements made by the MS are provided to node capable of computing a location.
Step 5: MS location is computed.
Step 1, providing key site information, preferably includes the following: Fixed or wireless devices scan for wireless base station signals. The devices determine cell or base station identification information, and make measurements of the received base station signals, including signal timing/phase and power level. The signal measurements made by these devices are provided to a Location Node, along with the determined cell or base station identification information are provided to a node, where this information is used to determine the cell site transmitter location, cell transmitter signal timing, signal transmit power, and signal transmit power loss as a function of location.
GSM Scanning
For a GSM system as defined in the ETSI 3GPP specifications, the scanning processing could include many of the methods already used by GSM MSs to acquire downlink beacon signals, and cells within a GSM network. For example: The MS will scan each 200 kHz channel in each band it supports. At each channel, the MS tries to detect the Frequency Correction Channel (FCH) to identify downlink beacon signals and to make frequency adjustment to aid further acquisition of the downlink signals. The FCH contains a single tone signal, which appears on the downlink beacon channel at a regular interval. The channel could be detected, e.g., through a matched filter or a correlation process. The Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) for each detected FCH is useful information for future measurements. If a FCH is found, or possibly even if it is not found, the MS will attempt to detect the Synchronization Channel (SCH), which contains a frame with a known data pattern that repeats on the beacon channel at a regular interval. This signal could be detected with a matched filter or correlation techniques. The SCH contains a SCH information message that contains the Base Station Identify Code (BSIC) and the parameters T1, T2, and T3, which describe the GSM frame number. At this time, a timing measurement could be made, relative to an internal MS clock or to another measured signal. The signal power could be measured as well. This channel can be used by the MS to determine the frame timing of the beacon signal to allow further analysis of the downlink beacon signal.
Next, the MS could demodulate the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) to gather additional information about the cell. The BCCH contains System information messages that could be used for cell identification, as well as aid further scanning For example, the System information Type 2, or Type 2bis message, contains the BCCH Frequency List, which contains the ARFCNs of the beacon channels of the neighbor cells. This could be used to guide the MS to the next set of channels to scan. System information Type 3 contains the Cell Identification, which can be used to identify this cell, to correlate this measurement with other measurements made by the same or different MSs, made simultaneously or at different times. System information Type 6 also contains the Cell Identification, which can be used to identify this cell, to correlate this measurement with other measurements made by the same or different MSs, made simultaneously or at different times.
Therefore, by scanning the channels, the MS is able to determine the ARFCN, the BSIC, the Cell ID, list of neighbor cell frequencies, cell timing, and received signal power.
IS-95/CDMA-2000 Scanning
A similar scanning process could be used by an IS-95 or CDMA-2000 system. For example: First the MS scans the forward link Pilot Channel. Each cell transmits the Pilot Channel, but at different time offsets relative to an absolute time. The Pilot Channel is detected by the MS through correlation or matched filter techniques. At this time, a timing measurement could be made, relative to an internal MS clock or relative to another measured signal. The signal power could be measured as well.
Once the Pilot Channel is acquired, the MS can decode the Synch Channel. The Synch Channel provides the current time of day, as well as the Long Code State and the offset applied to the Pilot Channel.
Once the MS has decoded the Synch Channel, it can decode the Paging Channel. The Paging Channel contains the System Parameters Message, which contains the Base Station ID. The Paging Channel also contains the Neighbor List message, which defines the set of channels and Pilot Channel offsets the MS can use to search for neighbor cells.
UMTS Scanning
A similar scanning process can be used in a UMTS system, as is used in an IS-95/CDMA 2000 system. For example: First the UE acquires the Primary Synchronization Channel. The Primary synchronization channel is common to all cells and transmits the Primary Synchronization Code (PSC). The channel can be acquired through matched filter or correlation techniques.
Once the UE has acquired the PSC, it is able to able to acquire the Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH). The S-SCH allows the UE to determine frame synchronization, and to identify the scrambling code used for the BCCH for that cell. At this time, a timing measurement could be made, relative to an internal MS clock or to another measured signal. The signal power could be measured as well.
Once the scrambling code is determined for the cell, the UE is able to de-spread the Broadcast Physical Channel, and obtain system information form the BCCH. The BCCH contains cell identification information as well as neighbor cell information.
The scanning process may repeat, or particular mobiles may be asked to re-scan all channels, or particular channels to improve the reliability and accuracy of the measurements.
The scanning technique in general is common to all air interfaces, and is not limited to the air interfaces specifically discussed herein, but apply to WiFi, WiMAX, WiBro, and other air interfaces, whether currently used or defined in the future. The scanning may be performed by mobile devices (MSs) where the location of the device is unknown, or by fixed devices, such as Mobile Stations or Location Measurement Units (LMUs) deployed in known locations.
The measurements and information determined from the MS scanning are provided to a node, which uses this to determine the remaining key cell site information, including cell transmitter locations, cell transmitter timing, cell transmit power, and signal propagation.
Determination of Key Cell Site Information
For a location system based on downlink timing measurements, the additional key information includes transmitter position and transmitter timing. This key information can be derived as explained below.
In this scenario, OTDmeasa,b,c represents the measured time difference of arrival of signals from transmitter sites Sc and Sb to the mobile station Ma.
Toffb is the time offset of cell site transmitter Sb, relative to some absolute time.
Toffc is the time offset of cell site transmitter Sc, relative to some absolute time.
(LatMa,LonMa) are potential coordinates for a mobile station measurement Ma.
(LatSb,LonSb) are potential coordinates of cell site transmitter Sb.
(LatSc,LonSc) are potential coordinates of cell site transmitter Sc.
c is the velocity of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in air (or a vacuum).
σa,b,c is the expected standard deviation of the OTD measurement.
An error is computed for each OTD measurement, by computing the difference between the measured time difference (OTDmeas) and the theoretical time difference (OTDtheor), assuming a given position for each cell site transmitter (LatSb,LonSb) and (LatSc,LonSc), a position from which the mobile station measurement is made (LatMa,LonMa), and a time offset Toffb and Toffc for each site.
is the distance between cell site antenna Sx and MS My.
Many such measurements are made by many MSs for many sites. A combined error function is created from the set of errors for all the measurements. This could be a sum of square errors, weighted square errors or some other function. The weighted square error function would be:
are vectors which describe the coordinates and time offsets for the full set of cell site transmitters, and
are vectors which describe the coordinates of the MSs for the full set of measurements.
It may be possible that some of the devices making measurements have a clock which is synchronized to some known time base, such as GPS time. For those devices, and absolute Time of Arrival (TOA) can be made for individual signals, rather than observed time differences. In this case the error function is explained:
TOAmeasa,b is the measured time of a signal from transmitter Sb arriving d at mobile station Ma. σa,b is the expected standard deviation of the OTD measurement.
Then, an error is computed for each measurement, by computing the difference between the measured time of arrival (TOAmeas) and the theoretical time of arrival (TOAtheor), assuming a given position for the cell site transmitter (LatSb,LonSb) and a position from which the mobile station measurement is made (LatMa,LonMa), and a time offset Toffb for the site.
The combined error function for a system using absolute time of arrival measurements would be:
Or, if there are a combination of mobile stations with some making time of arrival measurements, and others making time difference of arrival measurements, the error function would be:
In this example, the appropriate error function is then minimized over the possible set of coordinates for each cell site transmitter, the possible set of coordinates of the MS for each measurement, and the possible values for transmitter time offsets. This set produces the least squared error. The invention is not limited to a least squares error function. Other error functions could be used.
Each of the time difference, or time of arrival measurements is information that can be used to solve for all of the unknown variables. If the total number of measurements is greater than the total number of unknown variables, then the measurements can provide for a unique solution for each variable. In addition, if there are many more measurements than unknown variables, the system is over determined, and a solution is also possible, with the advantage that the effects of individual measurement errors will be reduced.
For example, each MS could make 10 OTD measurements per measurement attempt on average. This error function could become quite complex, as there may be more than 1000 cells in a large network, and more than 100,000 MS measurement attempts required to obtain a highly over determined measurement of the system. In this example, there would be on the order of one million OTD measurement errors (˜10 per measurement attempt), which would be optimized over about 203,000 unknown variables, which include the latitude and longitude for each of the 100,000 measurement attempts, and the latitude and longitude and time offset value for each of 1000 cell site transmitters. This would be a very large non-linear function to minimize, but is not an intractable problem, and can be solved with today's computers. Setting the error function to a value of zero produces a very large non-linear equation to solve. Many available articles and books provide methods for solving non-linear equations.
For the above error functions to provide valid values of the unknowns, the time offset of the cell site transmitters must have a small variation during the time the measurements are made and used. Often this is the case as the base station transmitter timing is based on communication links back to a central office, which are ultimately all connected to a very stable time base. The stability of the time base will limit the amount of time a given set of time offsets are valid. In addition, the variation of the time offsets may be modeled as a function of time; for example, as a linear function of time modeled as an offset plus a drift rate multiplied by a time difference. This model, which is more complex than a single offset, would create an additional variable to solve, such as a time drift rate, but could provide time offset measurements, which are valid, for a longer period of time, improving accuracy.
This process can be greatly simplified as some of this information may already be known. For example, many of the MSs may have an accurate position determined with a GPS or other location capability when making measurements, or the devices may be fixed at known locations and act as Location Measurement Units, such as those defined in the 3 GPP Technical Specifications. In the above example, the same error function could be used, but the number of unknown variables would be reduced by 200,000, because the cell site transmitter variables were determined using only measurements from MSs or LMUs that have an accurate GPS or otherwise have a known position.
Another example of simplification is that some of the cell site coordinates are known. This might be the case if the system is deployed with cooperation of one or more wireless operators that provide the cell position information, while sites from one or more additional operators which do not provide the cell coordinates are used. In this case, the example above could be reduced by 1000 variables if half (�) of the original 1000 cells have known coordinates.
A further simplification that dramatically helps the real time performance is that the positions of the cell site antennas do not vary with time. Once a set of cell transmitter positions is established, it can be assumed to be correct in the future, and need not be solved for in real time on a frequent basis. Logic can be put in place which periodically checks for new cell site IDs, or identifies particular cell site transmitters where measurements of the signal from that site are particularly inaccurate, possibly indicating the coordinates are wrong. The coordinates for this new cell or cells with incorrect coordinates can be determined within the method described above, with MS measurements with known or unknown coordinates, and with the coordinates of nearby sites also known.
For some systems, such as GSM and UMTS WCDMA systems, the cell site transmitters are typically not synchronized. However, in IS-95 and CDMA 2000 systems, the cell site transmitters are synchronized, or in some cases the cell transmitters in a GSM or UMTS system could be synchronized. In the synchronized case, the time offset can be assumed constant, or measured infrequently, and then assumed to be stable over long periods of time, similar to the assumptions which could be made about the cell site positions in the above example.
The problem can also be reduced to smaller sets of mobile measurements, and cell site transmitters in a particular area. This smaller set of unknowns and measurements would be used to solve for subsets of the variables, which are later combined to create a full solution. For example, this method could be used to solve for the key information for just one cell transmitter at a time. In this case, only a first set of MS measurements involving the particular cell site transmitter of interest, as well as any cell site transmitters reported by the set of MSs which are reported, would be included in the solution. Optionally, any additional MS measurement that includes any of the cell site transmitters found in the first set of measurements could be included. In this case, the solution would be limited to a smaller geographic area, perhaps including only 10-20 cell transmitters, and 100-200 MS measurements, a much smaller set when compared to the first example. Then, the key information for the single transmitter is determined and tagged as known. Thereafter, the same process repeats on a second cell in this original set, but using the known information of the first cell, in the solution of the information of the second cell, as well as all MS measurements which include this second cell. This entire process would then be repeated on a 3rd and 4th cell, each time using the known information for the previous cells, until the key information for all cells is determined. This process could be generalized to select subsets of MS measurements and cell transmitters included in these measurements to solve for subsets of the unknown information that are then marked as known, and can be used in the solution of subsequent subsets of unknown information.
3GPP Technical Specification 44.031 defines the parameters needed by the MS to make time difference measurements, as well as the set of cell transmitter information required to perform an EOTD location. This includes the cell transmitter ARFCN, the Cell ID, the BSIC, the frame timing information, and the transmitter location. The above procedures automatically determine all of the information. Along with the timing measurements made by the MS to be located, all information is available to perform an EOTD location.
The IS-95 and CDMA 2000 technical specifications define the parameters needed to perform an AFLT location. This includes the Pilot PN offsets, the transmitter locations, and the radio channel numbers. The above procedures automatically determine all of the information. Along with the timing measurements made by the MS to be located, all information is available to perform an AFLT location.
3GPP Technical Specification 25.331 defines the parameters needed by the UE to make time difference measurements, as well as the set cell transmitter information required to perform and OTD location in a UMTS network. This includes the cell transmitter, frequency channel, the cell identification information, the frame timing information, and the transmitter location. The above procedures automatically determine all of the information. Along with the timing measurements made by the UE to be located, all information is available to perform an OTD location.
This system may be implemented with a user plane or Secure User Plane (SUPL) connection between the MS and the location server as defined by OMA. The MS and the location server are connected by an IP connection, which is provided by a cellular wireless operator, through an 802.11 WiFi network, or even through a wired connection. In a user plane solution, an application running on the MS could perform the signal measurements when commanded by the server through the IP connection, and report the results of these measurements through the IP connection. The advantage of a user plane implementation is that it does not require a wireless operator to place additional features and infrastructure into the wireless network to support location related messaging between the MS and the location server.
The true scope the present invention is not limited to the illustrative embodiments disclosed herein. For example, the foregoing disclosure of a Wireless Location System (WLS) uses explanatory terms, such as wireless device, mobile station, location processing node client, network station, and the like, which should not be construed so as to limit the scope of protection of this application, or to otherwise imply that the inventive aspects of the WLS are limited to the particular methods and apparatus disclosed. For example, the terms LDP Device and LES are not intended to imply that the specific exemplary structures depicted in
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Granville Moore's, Chef Teddy Folkman on 12th & H Streets NE
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text:
The City warmed to Boohoo.com today as the internet retailer revealed shoppers adding summer fashion to their online baskets helped first-half sales rocket — but shares continued to languish below the flotation price.
Shares in the Manchester-based online fashion retailer rose 8% to 44.25p after it revealed sales increased 31% to £67 million in the six months to August 31.
Group sales stepped up 37% in the second quarter driven by a buoyant performance in Europe where the launch of a German language site enticed shoppers.
Oriel Securities analyst Jonathan Pritchard said: "Boohoo continues to trade strongly across the globe.
"A return to the black in "rest of the world" is pleasing but overall the continued evolution of the brand and the response to the step up in marketing is highly reassuring."
In an upbeat note, Investec analyst Kate Calvert said: "The second quarter saw an accelerating sales trend as a result of management stepping up investment in customer recruitment, enhancement of the proposition in Europe and through the launch of local language sites and rebasing of prices in Australia."
Boohoo's shares have remained below or around its 50p float price since its £560 million flotation in March, hit by scepticism over valuation of online stocks and market concerns after rival Asos issued a profit warning in June.
The company, led by joint chief executives Mahmud Kamani and Carol Kane, has invested the proceeds of the float into its Burnley warehouse, IT systems and repaying loans.Reuse content


text:
Decision makers
- Rev. Peter MoralesPresident, UUA
- Rev. Harlan LimpertChief Operating Officer, UUA
- Jim KeyModerator and Chief Governance Officer, UUA
- Annette MarquisLGBTQ and Multicultural Ministries Program Manager, UUA
- Rob Molla (Director of Human Resources, UUA)Director of Human Resources, UUA
Unitarian Universalist Association: Make it clear: Alt-Sex UUA employees deserve protections, too!
In April 2013, a delegation from Leather & Grace ~ Unitarian Universalists for BDSM Awareness met with the Trustees and senior administrators of the Unitarian Universalist Association, to share concerns and engage in dialogue.
One major issue was the work environment at UUA headquarters.Some UUA employees had reported being silenced merely for identifying with alternative sexuality communities, or sharing educational information about kink or polyamory.
In discussing this with Board members and UUA senior administrators, one of the Trustees recommended that a proactive memo be sent to all employees of the UUA, clarifying that the Association's nondiscrimination policy applies to all sexual identities, including kink and polyamory, and identifying boundaries for appropriate office behavior.Senior administrators responded positively to the idea of sending such a memo.
Since that meeting, the leadership of Leather & Grace has followed up with UUA leadership, and even drafted proposed content for this memo – and still the UUA has not issued a clarifying memo to their staff, nor have they given any reasons why they won't do so.
The UUA and its member congregations have a proud history of inclusion, affirmation, advocacy and education for people of diverse sexual orientations.With the rise in public awareness around BDSM, kink, and other forms of consensual sexual expression, isn't it time that this progressive faith movement catch up with the rest of society?
Tell the UUA's Director of Human Resources, Rob Molla, and other top Unitarian Universalist leaders to make it clear that kinky and polyamorous employees have basic workplace protections at UUA headquarters.Sign this petition calling for them to issue a proactive memo as discussed, and to work with groups like Leather & Grace and UUs for Polyamory Awareness to make the UUA a safer place to work for all their employees.
- President, UUA
Rev. Peter Morales
- Chief Operating Officer, UUA
Rev. Harlan Limpert
- Moderator and Chief Governance Officer, UUA
Jim Key
- LGBTQ and Multicultural Ministries Program Manager, UUA
Annette Marquis
- Director of Human Resources, UUA
Rob Molla (Director of Human Resources, UUA)
Make it clear: Alt-Sex UUA employees deserve protections, too!
Friends of Leather & Grace started this petition with a single signature, and now has 128 supporters. Start a petition today to change something you care about.
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Science News From AHA Emerging Science Series
Click on a study below to view presentation slides, summary slides, Circulation articles, abstracts and the archived video webinar for AHA's Emerging Science Series, a free webinar held June 27, 2011 from 12 p.m. to 1:05 p.m. Central Time.
First Human Use of an Allogeneic Tissue Engineered Vascular Graft
Description: A first-in-human study to test the feasibility of an allogeneic tissue-engineered vascular graft
Presenter: Todd N. McAllister, Novato, Calif.
Ticagrelor Compared with Clopidogrel by Geographic Region in the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) Trial
Description: Presentation of the regional variation in outcomes in PLATO with an emphasis on the North American cohort
Presenter: Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Durham, N.C.
Science News Videos
To view all video coverage from 2010/2011 conferences, click on the link below to visit the AHA/ASA Science News video database. You'll also find searchable archives from all meetings covered by the American Heart Association, including: Scientific Sessions, International Stroke Conference, ACC & more.


text:
Download Saved! (2004) BluRay 720p 650MB Ganool.Ph subtitle indonesia, Saved! (2004) BluRay 720p 650MB Ganool.Ph English subtitles 1 CD srt Saved!..HDTS.x264-NBY Saved!..BRRip.XviD.MP3-RARBG Saved!..BluRay.720p.x264.Ganool Saved!..1080p.BluRay.x264.ShAaNiG Saved! HD-CAM XViD HQMic AC3-CPG Saved! - Official Trailer 2 [HD] - YouTube Saved! - Trailer# 3 [HD]Movie Detail:
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When a girl attending a Christian high school becomes pregnant, she finds herself ostracized and demonized, as all of her former friends turn on her.


text:
Ember: Dreams
My eyes fluttered open.
Glancing over at my alarm clock I saw it was dead on seven o clock. Talk about timing.
Dragging myself reluctantly out of bed, I slammed my fist on my brother's door.
'WHAT?! he roared from the other side. My brother was not a morning person.
'Get up!' I yelled back.
'Get lost!'
Fantastic. Another perfect morning in my life.
An hour later, I was dressed in my favorite over sized grey sweater and black leggings. The sweater had a black wolf howling at the moon stitched onto the front, little diamonds sewn into the darkness representing stars. It had been a going away present from my mother before she left for her holiday. I guessed she felt bad about leaving my brother and me alone for a week, but I was perfectly fine with it, especially if it meant I got free presents out of it.
Facing myself in the mirror one final time, I decided to leave my hair as it was, hanging poker straight and bright red past my shoulders. My hair drew a lot of attention, but I didn't care. I liked it, sod what everyone else thought.
'Em, remember I'm not gonna be home tonight, I'm going round Carla's.' my brother appeared beside me.
I scrunched my nose up.
'Don't pull that face okay? I couldn't care less if you don't like her.'
'Get out,' he was fighting laughter now. 'Have a good day.'
'Thanks, you too,' I forced a smile, not wanting to leave on a bad note.
The morning air was bitter, stinging my cheeks. I tugged my jacket tighter around my body and decided I would take a short cut to school this morning. It was a dangerous route, but it saved me twenty minutes.
Instead of continuing down the road, I turned right, crossed over and headed into the alleyways that ran behind the houses.
I quickened my pace, praying I wouldn't run into trouble.
Fences surrounded me on either side, towering above me making an easy escape impossible. I told myself I wouldn't need an easy escape, nothing was going to happen to me. I would get to school and laugh about how paranoid I was with my friends. They'd all joke with me, telling me I was always worrying and I was going to go grey early.
I smiled at the thought and began to relax.
Until something growled behind me.
I whirled round, expecting to see a stray dog or cat but I found myself staring into magnificent blue eyes. The guy in front of me looked down at me curiously, he was incredibly tall, six foot three at least. His hair, white blonde, stuck up in tufts and almost blended with his chalky pallor.
I was instantly alert.
'Can I help you?'
Why the hell had I just said that... This guy, extremely intimidating, was probably going to hurt me and I'd just asked him if I could help him... Good one Ember, I thought.
He didn't reply, he just continued to stare at me.
'Okay, well...' I didn't like to turn my back on this stranger, but I found no other choice. The alleyway was too narrow to do much else.
However, as soon as I was facing away from him, he grabbed my hair and tugged my head back. Before I could react properly, something pierced my skin, at the base of my neck. Something sharp and burning. Something cold.
I snapped my eyes open instantly.
A dream. Another one.
I had been having a lot of them recently, all about the same thing; how I had turned. I didn't know why they chose to make an appearance now, I had been dead for well over a hundred years. Each dream all revolved around the same thing, but tiny insignificant details always changed to adapt the lifestyle I was in. For instance, my clothes. I would never have worn clothes like that back when I was human. Nobody would.
I sighed, deep and thoughtful.
When were they ever going to stop?


text: Comments11 Found this really cringy FNaF hate comic Tina.g.sherwin October 11, 2016 User blog:Tina.g.sherwin Retrieved from "http://five-nights-at-freddys-fanon.wikia.com/wiki/User_blog:Tina.g.sherwin/Found_this_really_cringy_FNaF_hate_comic?oldid=157733" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Category: Blog posts


text:
Banff Science Communications
Each year since 2006, the gorgeous mountainside campus of the Banff Centre plays host to the Banff Science Communications residency program. For two weeks, twenty select participants from Canada, the U.S., and the rest of the world train in an intensive curriculum of individual and group projects that sharpen their science communications abilities in all media. Some of the participants are scientists who come to learn how to explain their research better to the general public or funding agencies. Some already work as information officers for universities or government agencies and want to improve skills central to their jobs. Some do it for the sheer fun. But many of the participants over the years have called the program "transformative" and gone on to greater success at engaging communities with science.
The Banff Science Communications program was created by Jay Ingram, the author and legendary broadcaster who was the long-time host of the Discovery Channel's science show Daily Planet and CBC Radio's Quirks and Quarks, and Mary Anne Moser, the president and co-founder of Beakerhead, Calgary's giant public celebration of science, engineering, and the arts. Some of the other faculty, past and present, have been:
- Nancy Baron, director of science outreach for COMPASS (Communication Partnership for Science and the Sea) and the author of Escape from the Ivory Tower, a guide to science communications for scientists
- Henry Kowalski, celebrated documentary maker and producer for Discovery Channel who was also chief news editor for CTV News
- Rob Davidson, broadcasting veteran with more than 30 years of experience on both sides of the camera and microphone who is also one of the people behind the car appreciation site WheelsOnEdge.com
- Christie Nicholson, the freelance science journalist, co-founder of the lead-generating platform Publet, and a guest lecturer at the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science
- Thomas Hayden, widely published science journalist and author, co-editor of The Science Writers' Handbook, and teacher of environmental journalism at Stanford University
- Rose Eveleth, journalist, producer, and designer who has written frequently for The Atlantic and is a columnist for BBC.
I'm proud to have been in their company since 2011.


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APOGEE - SYMPHONY I/O 2x6
sans frais
sans frais
Delivery: Contact us
Garantie : 2 ans pièces & main-d'oeuvre
APOGEE - SYMPHONY I/O 2x6 - Interface audio
The Apogee Symphony I/O 2x6 is a professional, modular audio interface and converter platform that combines ground-breaking audio fidelity, with total software control and flexible connection to all major DAWs and systems. This 2x6 base configuration features: 2 discrete analogue inputs, 8 analogue outputs, 8 optical I/O, AES I/O and one additional slot for expansion.
The Symphony I/O is the result of Apogee's 25 years of research and development, taking legendary sound quality to the next level. Symphony I/O builds upon the award-winning design approaches of Apogee's X-Series and Rosetta Series converters, the Big Ben master clock and the Trak2 mic preamps. It also refines and updates these proven designs with fewer but more advanced components while optimising their performance with efficient power distribution.
With an elegant and efficient audio path design, the Symphony I/O incorporates the most advanced operational amplifiers offering better performance than multiple parts used in previous designs. With a simple adjustment using the front panel encoder knobs, Audio Interface Mode (AIM) transforms Symphony I/O into an interface optimised for the mode that's been selected. This feature allows users of Logic and Pro Tools HD for example, to easily switch back and forth between the two DAWs with the click of a knob and swap of a cable.
If USB is your preferred mode, connecting to Core Audio compatible apps like Digital Performer and Cubase is just as easy. And StandAlone mode calibrates Symphony I/O for simple and direct routing ideal for a variety of uses and applications including Pro Tools LE or Pro Tools M-Powered.
The Symphony I/O PC-32 connector connects directly to a Symphony 64 card or a Pro Tools HD card. When using a Logic Studio Mac based system, latency is below 1.8ms.
Apogee Symphony I/O main features include:
- Next generation converter quality
- Refined and updated circuitry with fewer, more advanced components
- Lower converter latency
- More efficient power distribution
- Enhanced C777 clocking performance
- Optional mic preamp module
- Front panel control of headphone and output levels, and mic preamp gain
- A/D THD+N: -113dB @ +20dBu (0.00024%)
- D/A THD+N: -117dB @ +20dBu (0.00014%)
- D/A Dynamic Range: 129dB A weighted
- Apogee's proprietary Perfect Symmetry Circuitry (PSC)
- Software controlled AD/DA reference setting
- Variable gain input for keyboards
- Ultra low latency AD/DA conversion
- Operating System: Mac OS only 10.58 and above


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- Lighting
- Control
- Memory Consoles
- Chauvet Stage Designer 50
Chauvet Stage Designer 50
|Product Code
Request more information or contact us now for purchasing information.
The Stage Designer™ 50 takes the size of a 24-channel dimming console and the functionality of a 48- channel console and combines the two into one powerful dimming unit. The Stage Designer™ 50 has up to 8 pages with 12 scenes each and 96,000 programmable steps. The console allows the user to re-assign channels as needed and allows for MIDI input.
Key Features
- 48-channel DMX-512 dimming console
- 8 pages with 12 scenes each yields 48 total playback faders (simultaneous playback)
- 96,000 programmable steps
- 2 programmable aux buttons
- Adjustable chase and fade times
- Re-assignable channels
- 3-pin and 5-pin DMX connections
- Built-in cross fader, dark and kill buttons
- MIDI in, out and thru (with file dump)
- Direct audio input
- Sequential linking or simultaneous playback of chases
- Override chases on the fly
- Beat-activation, tap sync, auto run, midi in/out
- 6-space (6U) rack mount
- Polarity selector
- Power: 12VDC 500mA (external power supply: 100-240VAC 50/60Hz)
- Weight: 9.9lbs (4.5kg)
- Size: 19in x 10.5in x 3.5in / 483mm x 267mm x 89mm
Equipment available to buy from this site is for professional use only. Please note in certain countries some products listed may not be available from A.C. Entertainment Technologies Ltd.
E&OE. Information is subject to change without notice. The rights and ownership of all trademarks are recognised.


text: TOWSON, Md., Nov. 9, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- A recent federal appeals court case demonstrates that trademarks can go well beyond symbols, designs and words. Even a single color can qualify for federal trademark protection, according to Josh Glikin, a partner in the leading business law firm Bowie & Jensen. (Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20121109/PH09807 ) The case involved a lawsuit by a high-end women's shoe company, Louboutin, against the venerable French fashion company, Yves Saint Laurent (YSL). Louboutin's expensive high heeled shoes feature a shiny, laquer red heel and red soles that contrast vividly with the colors of the rest of the shoe. It obtained a federal trademark registration for the use of the color red on shoes. YSL began producing shoes that were completely red, including the heel. Louboutin sued, seeking to stop YSL from producing shoes with red heels. YSL argued that it was not possible to obtain trademark rights on something as simple as the color of a shoe, but the court disagreed. It held that because the red heel and sole of the Louboutin shoes had become associated with the high-end designer (much like pink insulation is associated with Owens-Corning), Louboutin's trademark was valid and could be enforced against YSL. The court held, however, that YSL would not be prohibited from manufacturing shoes that were completely red, including a red heel, because it was the contrast between the red heel and the color of the Louboutin shoe that was Louboutin's true mark. The case goes to show that even a color can qualify for trademark protection if used in the correct way. Bowie & Jensen attorneys have decades of experience in advising businesses and business owners about how to build a solid trademark portfolio that distinguishes their goods and services from competitors. Louboutin obviously received solid advice about how to build and protect its recognizable red-heel trademark, and that advice paid off in spades years later.


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Memorial Plaque - The Death Penny with Memorial Scroll
The WW1 Memorial Plaque - also known as the Death Penny or Dead Mans Penny - was awarded to personnel killed as a result of war. Over 1.3 Million World War One Memorial Plaques were issued. Plaques were awarded to the next of kin of those killed in action and were accompanied by a memorial scroll from the King. Our replica Memorial Plaque will be engraved and includes a reproduction of the Memorial Scroll.
The original Memorial Plaque was bronze, our replica is pewter which is then copper plated and chemically bronzed measuring (as the original) 11.5cm (4.5") and weighs 216 grams. We manufacture our Memorial Plaque in Birmingham's famous Jewellery Quarter making this one of the most authentic and precise replicas available today.
Your plaque will be engraved with the same details as the originals, please note that the plaques were named with just christian or forenames and surname, no rank, number or unit was shown. The Memorial Scroll (included free of charge) will also be personalised with the name and regiment, service or unit of the deceased.


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FREE SHIPPING on orders of $85 or more
An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2017
Perthshire since the early 15th century.
Bunch Early Origins
Perthshire (Gaelic: Siorrachd Pheairt) former county in the present day Council Area of Perth and Kinross, located in central Scotland, where they held a family seat from very ancient times, some say well before the Norman Conquest and the arrival of Duke William at Hastings in 1066 A.D.
Bunch Spelling Variations
Bunch Spelling Variations
The arts of spelling and translation were yet in their infancies when surnames began, so there are an enormous number of spelling variations of the names in early Scottish records. This is a particular problem with Scottish names because of the numerous times a name might have been loosely translated to English from Gaelic and back. Bunch has been spelled Bunch, Bunsche, Bunche and others.
Bunch Early History
Bunch Early History
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Bunch research. Another 155 words (11 lines of text) covering the years 1468, 1478, 1488, 1505, 1508, 1526, and 1551 are included under the topic Early Bunch History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Bunch Early Notables (pre 1700)
Bunch Early Notables (pre 1700)
More information is included under the topic Early Bunch Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
The Great Migration
The Great Migration
This oppression forced many Scots to leave their homelands. Most of these chose North America as their destination. Although the journey left many sick and poor, these immigrants were welcomed the hardy with great opportunity. Many of these settlers stood up for their newfound freedom in the American War of Independence. More recently, Scots abroad have recovered much of their collective heritage through highland games and other patriotic functions and groups. An examination of passenger and immigration lists has located various settlers bearing the name Bunch:
Bunch Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
Bunch Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
Bunch Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
Bunch Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
Contemporary Notables of the name Bunch (post 1700)
Contemporary Notables of the name Bunch (post 1700)
Suggested Readings for the name Bunch
Suggested Readings for the name Bunch
Bunch Family Crest Products
Bunch Family Crest Products
See Also
See Also
Other References
The Bunch Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Bunch Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 5 May 2017 at 10:03.
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UFC 197: Jones vs. Saint Preux is a mixed martial arts event that will be held on April 23, 2016 at MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.
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[ Slice ]
The return value of the
is a simple structure that contains a length and a pointer to an external byte array. Returning a
is a cheaper alternative to returning a
since we do not need to copy potentially large keys and values.
C++ strings and null-terminated C-style strings can be easily converted to a Slice:
A Slice can be easily converted back to a C++ string:
Be careful when using Slices since it is up to the caller to ensure that the external byte array into which the Slice points remains live while the Slice is in use. For example, the following is buggy:


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Replacement Parts for Universal 80% AR-15 Easy Jig
$6.99 - $39.99
Product details
In the unlikely event you damage a component of your universal fit Easy Jig®, each piece can be replaced individually. Please note AR-15 Easy Jig® components are incompatible with .308 Easy Jig® components.
In stock
Free shipping on orders over $200!


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Download your PDF guide to Pipriac
5,2 km, in Saint-Just
The Landas de Cojoux of Saint-Just are one of the most important prehistoric deposits in Brittany. You will be surprised by the diversity of these monuments. The largest monoliths in Europe are found here. It's a 'haunted city' that
saved once


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Re-thinking the Mind Game: Revolutionary Way to Win in Trap, Skeet and Sporting Clays
Bob Palmer's new book for the clay target sports is turning current thinking on the mental game on its head. With his revolutionary system for winning, Bob teaches world-class shooters, weekend enthusiasts and beginners how to get in the Zone.
High Performance Strategist and SportExcel CEO Bob Palmer has been teaching world-class shooters to get into the Zone for more than a decade, and now he has written the ultimate book for winning in the clay targets sports.
Mind vs Target: Six steps to winning in the clay target mind field is for those who want to make their moments of brilliance last. Palmer shuns psychology by taking a systems approach that is understandable and easy to learn. He specifically steers shooters clear of the emotional issues, relaxation techniques or breathing techniques that force you to think on the station. As Bob says, "Great shooters don't think they just shoot."
Bob has worked with winners on the world's stage in a number of sports including skeet, trap and double trap. Two-time Olympic Gold medalist Vincent Hancock says, "The knowledge that I have learned from him has helped me achieve my ultimate dream."
Mind vs Target teaches clay target shooters to get into the Zone by making it a regular skill, not something mystical. And the book is also full of tools and tips that, for example, help you to make clay targets appear as big as garbage pail lids. Beginners find it fun and exciting, as everything is new to them. Advanced shooters such as 13-time World Skeet Champion Paul Giambrone III likes how it entrenches the feeling of the Zone.
Check out our book trailer video on Youtube at: http://www.youtube.com/
This book is now available in e-book and paperback formats on Amazon at http://www.amazon.com or at http://www.sportexcel.ca.
For more information about Bob Palmer's book - Mind vs Target, Six Steps to Winning in the Clay Target Mind Field, please contact SportExcel:
Contact person: Caron Palmer
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Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
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The North Face Boundary 3 Tent
Able to sleep three comfortably, The North Face Boundary 3 Tent is perfect for weekends at the campground or on the trail.. . . . . . . Rainfly is made from lightweight polyester with 1200 mm polyurethane coating for waterproofness. Tent floor is made from lightweight nylon with 1500 mm polyurethane coating for waterproofness. Tent canopy is made from lightweight polyester and no see um mesh. Two large doors allow for easy access two vestibules provide an extra 10.83 sq. ft. of covered space to store your gear. Fully seam taped canopy and floor for maximum weather resistance. Easy to pitch design. Highlow ventilation design lets you affix the vestibule door in a partially open position to maximize airflow while maintaining good vestibule coverage.
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While it may not be difficult to locate replacement parts for GMC vehicles, these days only the highest quality are required to fix your automobile. Auto enthusiasts appreciate the strong looks built into each GMC, and know that only top quality replacement Sierra 3500 HD parts will suffice when your car or truck needs fixing. When your GMC Sierra 3500 HD rolled off the assembly line, it was destined for a person with discerning taste who wants trusted quality in their automobile. You purchased your Sierra 3500 HD because its reliability and trusted quality appealed to your senses; so why would you be okay with second best when it comes to great quality auto parts?
It would be unusual for you to get into a car or truck and not be able to change the speed of your heater blower.. The small device that allows your heater to project air at different speeds is your heater blower resistor. Because it is connected directly to the heater switch, your GMC Sierra 3500 HD blower motor resistor modulates the resistance applied to the circuit that handles the load of the blower motor. When the GMC Sierra 3500 HD heater switch is set to "Max", there is less resistance in the circuit so more amps go to the blower. Conversely, at the lowest blower setting the circuit is running high resistance so fewer amps go to the blower motor.
Buy all the car parts you will ever need from carpartsdiscount.com and save time and money on all your upcoming repairs. Get your Sierra 3500 HD back on the road with the highest quality replacement parts from the experts at Car Parts Discount. Procuring new GMC parts from www.carpartsdiscount.com means you are getting the best deal on the most superior original and aftermarket replacement Sierra 3500 HD parts on the internet. GMC Sierra 3500 HD Blower Motor Regulator Resistor parts for 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007 vehicles are available here... just click your year to find them.


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
This step is discretionary but will drastically boost your chances of your profile getting read by other members. Tell people about yourself, your interests and upload any nice photographs of yourself.
Use our website's sophisticated search to find members who suit your needs. Or just browse through listings and find members that take your fancy.
Located someone who you find interesting? Send them a word or two or just a wink and see if anything develops. With a little luck you'll be on your way to uncover that special someone for you.
It's really quick


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Did you miss the interview with Plumb today? Do you want to hear her story of hope again?
Click HERE!
Did you miss the interview with Plumb today? Do you want to hear her story of hope again?
Click HERE!
Your Respect Dare Today: Today, do a word search in your Bible on forgiveness. After reading the scriptures which come up,play that the Lord will help you forgive. Pray that He helps you overcome any obstacles in the way of total forgiveness of yourself, your husband or someone else.
Your Love Dare Today: Ask a godly friend to be your marriage mentor, to give you insight and be an ear to hear you out, when you need to talk about marriage related topics.
Your Love Dare of the Day: Ask you wife to pray with you today. If for whatever reason, she says, "no", ask her how you can pray for her.
Your Respect Dare of the Day: Make a list of several things that you know are important to your husband. It could be anything from a clean car, sorted socks to his favorite meal or hobby and commit to working to make at least one of his favorite things your priority each week.
We also introduced you to the Hope Hero's for July: The Granite Mountain Hot Shots. Please consider joining us in doing 19 Intentional Acts of Kindness to pay it forward Hot Shot style.
Your Respect Dare today: Practice active listening. Hear your husband out today without interrupting. When he's finished sharing whatever is on his mind, reflect back what you heard from him. A good reflective statement can start with something like "I think I hear you saying that _____________. Is that right?"
Your Love Dare Today: Get RID of something that stands in the way of being the Godly husband you're called to be. What is the ONE THING (you likely know what it is…addiction, pornography, to much time with another, t.v.) if it's stopping your from your call as a Godly leader….today you DARE is to eliminate it. Get it out…TODAY!


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The Sweet Tooth
Dedicated bakeries produce astounding results with every Baby Shower cake. Call The Sweet Tooth and we'll prove it to you!
C and C Cake Creation
Need a bakery that is dedicated to creating your exact Grooms cake vision? You've found it with C and C Cake Creation!
Thompson Entertainment
Don't settle for a so-so bakery when you can have a brilliant one! Call Thompson Entertainment for awesome Bar Mitzvah cakes.
All Occasions Bakery
How do you make the room go silent at a Wedding party? Walk in with an extraordinary cake from All Occasions Bakery.
Nikkicakes Bakery
If you need a special Custom Cake cake, you'd be amazed at the things Nikkicakes Bakery can do. Visit today.
Tressels Treats
You always get exactly what you're hoping for in your Anniversary cake design when you call Tressels Treats in Hartville.
Artzy Cookies
Artzy Cookies in Hartville is the only bakery you will ever need to consider for every Anniversary and other gathering.
Maximum Events and Designs
Trying to decide if Maximum Events and Designs is the best choice for your Anniversary or other celebration. Check out these creations!
Katys Kreations
You know you will get the best Communion cake when you choose the best bakery in Hartville. Call Katys Kreations.
Party with Pizazz
Party with Pizazz is passionate about creating Custom Cake sweets and cakes that are unlike anything you've seen or tried before!
And Eat It Too
Don't need a Anniversary cake? Visit the And Eat It Too bakery for delicious treats and desserts instead! They're so good!
Rubber City Cakes And Cookies
Not all bakeries are equal, and Rubber City Cakes And Cookies proves this every single day with outstanding, perfectly crafted Baby Shower cakes.
Tasty Treasures
We have a great idea! Order a Baby Shower cake from Tasty Treasures, and we'll stun you with an awesome design!
Simply Flowers and Cakes
Simply Flowers and Cakes in Hartville is the only bakery you will ever need to consider for every Baby Shower and other gathering.
Lindas Kitchen
You want delicious and striking? Lindas Kitchen delivers that with every single Wedding and special occasion cake they make!
Sweet Marys Bakery Ltd
Create the perfect dessert table for your Wedding party with divine cakes and tempting treats for your guests.
Cakes by Christina
Guess what! Cakes by Christina is the best bakery in Hartville, and our Grooms cakes are sure to delight every guest!
The Boarding House
You can visit other bakeries in Hartville, but you'll always come back to The Boarding House for their exceptional cakes.
Cakes By Karin
The Graduation cake from Cakes By Karin was a stunning creation! I am so thrilled I went there for my party!
CupCake Creations by Michelle
Your decorations turned out better than you thought possible. Now, order a Wedding cake that will do the same.


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Choose Public Space
We have the once in a lifetime opportunity to create a public square near our light rail station in the heart of the University District.
This square will be well managed and delightfully furnished with sculptures and murals, and surrounded by trees and benches. It will become a center for events involving our diverse arts and culture, including music, farmers markets, or simply meeting for a night on the town with your friends.
For now, the project is just beginning. If you'd like to receive updates concerning our progress via our monthly email newsletter, please subscribe.
U District Blog
U District upzone: Handful of landowners have most to gain
Out of hundreds of property owners in the University District area, where an upzone would allow taller buildings, the UW, a parking-lot association and... continue
Debating the big U District upzone: a sign of things to come?
Should Seattle go ahead with a controversial plan for high rises and greater density in the University District? Seattle City Councilmember Rob Johnson... continue
Will the Upzone Upend the University District?
As the city moves forward, some fear displacement of social services for homeless. He's said it before and he'll say it again: Shilo Murphy... continue


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Lu sur LWN :
"We wouldn't share this with Google for even $1 million," says [Vupen's Chaouki] Bekrar. "We don't want to give them any knowledge that can help them in fixing this exploit or other similar exploits. We want to keep this for our customers."
Those customers, after all, don't aim to fix Google's security bugs or those of any other commercial software vendor. They're government agencies who purchase such "zero-day" exploits, or hacking techniques that use undisclosed flaws (...)


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Arsenal and Liverpool have been told they will have to pay at least £9m to land the Sunderland goalkeeper Simon Mignolet.
Both clubs have now made approaches to Sunderland to sign the Belgian keeper, who is eager to leave the Stadium of Light. However neither Arsenal nor Liverpool have been able to reach the minimum asking fee for the 25-year-old.
Sunderland have reluctantly decided to sell the keeper, who was their player of the year for the season just finished. Mignolet has two years left on the contract he signed when he arrived from Sint-Truiden in 2010 for £2m and club bosses fear they will lose value if they do not sell now. They have also been swayed by Mignolet's wishes to leave the Stadium of Light and move to a higher profile club to help his international aspirations ahead of next year's World Cup finals in Brazil.
Arsenal's intention to make a move for the goalkeeper was revealed in the Independent in April. Arsene Wenger wants the emerging Mignolet as his number one next season as he prepares to embark on a crucial season and has the added incentive of offering Champions League football to help the goalkeeper's international ambitions.
Liverpool are preparing for the possibility of life without Pepe Reina but Brendan Rodgers must convince Mignolet to move to a club that cannot even offer Europa League football next season.
Sunderland had hoped for a figure of £10m but have accepted Mignolet's contract situation has cost them. They did try to renegotiate his deal earlier in the year but talks did not develop. Sunderland are also prepared to sell their forward Stephane Sessegnon. They want at least the £6m that was paid to sign the Benin international from Paris St Germain in 2011. Marseille have shown an interest but there has been no offer for the striker.
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- FC Zenit St. Petersburg
- Galatasaray SK
- Manchester United
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