text:
Images may not necessarily depict the actual development and in some cases may be a typical example.
Wepre Green
4 bedroom properties
Cheriton Close, Deeside, Cheshire
Calls cost 5p/min minimum
Do you want to see site plans, house types and floorplans?
You can see all of this and much more by viewing the online brochure. Simply complete the short form below and the brochure will be available on this page.
More information about Wepre Green...
Nestled in the North Wales countryside, Wepre Green has been sympathetically designed to suit its surroundings. The collection of three and four bedroom homes in close proximity to local shops and beautiful countryside means there's something to suit all the family at Wepre Green. While making the most of its rural setting, commuters remain well connected with great local road and rail networks.With the Villages of Shotton, Higher Shotton and Aston all less than one mile away, there is a host of local shops and and facilities to keep you well stocked and busy in Wepre. The beautiful country park in Wepre itself can offer both lively and relaxing time outdoors.
Tenpin bowling
This bowling alley provides a great night out with both friends and family, with plenty of bowling lanes as well as tasty food and refreshing drinks from the Beach Road Café and bar. There are also amusement arcades and American/UK pool tables.
Shotton train station
Less than 1 mile away
Hawarden Bridge train station
Less than 1 mile away
Chester Park and Ride
Around 5 miles away
Liverpool John Lennon Airport
Arounnd 12 miles away


text:
Thomas & Friends - Season 13
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Season 13 of Thomas & Friends aired in Spring of 2010 It's narrated by Michael Angelis in the UK and Michael Brandon in the US and then Mark Morghan UK airs 2014 on DVD for 2010-2013-2014
- Creaky Cranky
- The Lion of Sodor
- Tickled Pink
- Double Trouble
- Slippy Sodor
- The Early Bird
- Play Time
- Thomas and the Pigs
- Time for a Story
- Percy's Parcel
- Toby's New Whistle
- A Blooming Mess
- Thomas and the Runaway Kite
- Steamy Sodor
- Splish, Splash, Spolsh!
- The Biggest Present of All
- Snow Tracks
- Henry's Good Deeds
- Buzzy Bees
- Hiro Helps Out
- Thomas
- Edward
- Henry
- Gordon
- James
- Percy
- Toby
- Emily
- Spencer
- Rosie
- Hiro
- Victor
- Diesel
- Mavis
- Rocky
- Bertie
- Cranky
- Kevin
- Sir Topham Hatt
- Lady Hatt
- Stephen Hatt
- Bridget Hatt
- Dowager Hatt
- Alicia Botti
- Farmer McColl
- The Mayor of Sodor
- Farmer Trotter
- The Maithwaite Stationmaster
- The Knapford Stationmaster
Characters Introduced
- Charlie
- Bridget Hatt's Friends
- Sir Lowham Hatt
- Mr. Bubbles
- The Teacher
- The Bird Watcher
- The Mainland Controller
- The Mainland Engines
UK and AUS
- Michael Angelis as The Narrator
- Ben Small as Thomas and Toby
- Teresa Gallagher as Emily, Rosie, Mavis, Lady Hatt, Bridget Hatt and her Friends and The Teacher
- Togo Igawa as Hiro
- Jules de Jongh as Alicia Botti
- Kerry Shale as Diesel
- Keith Wickham as Edward, Henry, Gordon, James, Percy, The Fat Controller, Dowager Hatt, The Mayor of Sodor, Sir Lowham Hatt and Mr. Bubbles
- Matt Wilkinson as Spencer, Victor, Charlie, Rocky, Cranky, Kevin, Stephen Hatt, Farmer McColl, The Maithwaite Stationmaster, Farmer Trotter, The Knapford Stationmaster and The Bird Watcher
- Michael Brandon as The Narrator, Diesel, Mr. Bubbles and The Knapford Stationmaster
- Martin Sherman as Thomas and Percy
- David Bedella as Victor and The Mayor of Sodor
- William Hope as Edward, Toby, Stephen Hatt, Farmer McColl, The Maithwaite Stationmaster (Double Trouble only) and Farmer Trotter
- Togo Igawa as Hiro
- Jules de Jongh as Emily, Rosie, Mavis, Lady Hatt, Bridget Hatt and her Friends, Alicia Botti and The Teacher
- Kerry Shale as Henry, Gordon, James, Kevin, Sir Topham Hatt Sir Lowham Hatt and The Maithwaite Stationmaster
- Keith Wickham as Dowager Hatt
- Glenn Wrage as Spencer, Charlie, Rocky and Cranky
- This is the first season to exclusively use CGI.
- Thomas is all appeared in the episodes
- This is also the first Thomas series not to have Auntie Caroline.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The New Politics of Welfare
€ 181,49
Lieferbar innerhalb von 2-3 Tagen
Oktober 1998
BeschreibungThis critical and highly topical introduction to the current debates and politics surrounding welfare reform in the United Kingdom and the United States explains the origins and main tenets of the Blair-Clinton orthodoxy.
Central to the book is an examination of this orthodoxy's appeal to the concept of social justice. Bill Jordan demonstrates how values derived from the family and voluntary associations are in danger of running counter to the more fundamental principles of liberal democracy and the requirements of transnational economic exchange. He links the new politics of welfare to liberal and communitarian theories of citizenship and social justice, and assesses the broader prospects for European social policy in the struggle over economic and political integration.
`For more than a decade, Bill Jordan has been one of our most thoughtful and independent thinkers on the future of welfare. Anyone who wants to know more about what is happening to global welfare and why and how it should be changed should read this book' - Chris Pierson, Department of Politics, University of Nottingham
Social Justice in a Global Context
The Labour Market as the Key to Social Justice
Social Justice
Rights, Equality, Need
The Scope for Self-Responsibility and Private Provision
An Alternative Programme
Freedom and Solidarity in a Global Economy
PortraitBill Jordan is Reader in Social Studies at Exeter University and Professor in Social Policy at Huddersfield University. He has written extensively in politics and social policy, including most recently A Theory of Poverty and Social Exclusion (1996).
Pressestimmen`For more than a decade, Bill Jordan has been one of our most thoughtful and independent thinkers on the future of welfare. In this new book he brings this critical intelligence to bear on the new welfare politics of the Blair-Clinton era. Equally at home in political theory or the finer details of social policy, Jordan is one of very few authors to address issues of welfare at a genuinely global level. And, as ever, he is not just a critic of this new orthodoxy but has his own critical and radical alternative to offer.
Anyone who wants to know more about what is happening to global welfare and why and how it should be changed should read this book' - Chris Pierson, Department of Politics, University of Nottingham
`A timely, thought-provoking and penetrating review of what the author perceives to be an "emerging orthodoxy" in social welfare. This is the "New Politics of Welfare" in question: strong on national renewal and moral authority, but short on class and exploitation as factors conceivably still standing in the way of social justice. This exposition stands in valuable contrast to the body of literature dedicated to the exposition of continental European/EU ideals of social welfare and social justice and, as such, will be a text no serious student of contemporary trends in social policy can afford to be without' - Catherine Jones Finer, University of Birmingham and editor, Social Policy & Administration
`This book raises the important question of how far and by what means national governments can secure social justice in the context of global economic transactions. Jordan's book should be read by all who are concerned with the challenge to welfare presented by the continuing erosion of the powers of national governments' - Preston King, Department of Politics and International Relations, Lancaster University
`Bill Jordan is a remarkable academic whose mind is at ease with economics, philosophy and political theory. Fortunately, his heart still remains with the clients he used to help as a social worker....Certainly I hope that New Labour politicians will read this latest book by one of Britain's most articulate, brave and compassionate social campaigners' - British Journal of Social Work
`This is an ambitious project, impressively carried out.' - Social Policy
`An excellent text, illustrated with vignettes that invite deeper thought over the matters they address.' - International Journal of Public-Private Partnerships
`Jordan's book makes an important contribution to informing us about this issue and encouraging us to develop a wider understanding of the international dimensions of social work and also of the effects of globalization even on local policy and practice.' - International Social Work
Untertitel: Social Justice in a Global Context. 52:B&W 6. 14 x 9. 21in or 234 x 156mm (Royal 8vo) Case Laminate on White w/Gloss Lam. Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: Sage Publications UK
Erscheinungsdatum: Oktober 1998
Seitenanzahl: 276 Seiten
Format: gebunden


text: Legislators learn ABC's of new school finance act By Marianne Goodland on March 29, 2013 The new school finance act, Senate Bill 13-213, survived its first committee hearing last week, but it took three days to do it. The Senate Education Committee, after 15 hours of hearings stretched over three days, sent SB 213 to the full Senate for debate. Bill sponsor Sen. Michael Johnston, D-Denver, told The Colorado Statesman […]This content is only available to subscribers. Login or Subscribe Share this:EmailTwitterFacebook Default, Legislative News, Marianne Goodland, The Colorado Statesman


text: Politics 29 January 2010 Apple unveils iPad tablet computer The half-inch thick device weighs around 1.5 pounds and features 9.7 inch LED-backlit display with I Sign up for our weekly email * Apple has unveiled the much anticipated touch screen tablet computer iPad, a new category of mobile device which comes in between the smartphone and a notebook. The new device, which looks like a larger iPhone, starts at $499. The half-inch thick device weighs around 1.5 pounds and features 9.7 inch LED-backlit display with IPS technology that delivers images with 178 degree viewing angle. It comes in two versions, one with Wi-Fi and the other with both Wi-Fi and 3G supporting speeds of up to 7.2mbps on HSDPA networks. The new iPad allows users to browse the web, read and send email, watch videos, listen to music, play games and read e-books. It syncs with iTunes same as the iPhone and iPod touch, using the Apple 30-pin to USB cable, allowing users to sync contacts, photos, music, movies and apps from Mac or PC. According to Apple, the new iPad features multi-touch interface and full-size soft keyboard. Its enclosure is made of recyclable aluminium, while the LED backlit displays are mercury-free and made of arsenic-free glass. iPad also connects to the new keyboard dock with a full-size traditional keyboard. Powered by A4, Apple's NxG system-on-a-chip, iPad provides processor and graphics performance along with long battery life of up to 10 hours. Apple also unveiled new iBooks app for iPad, which includes the company's new iBookstore that allows users to buy and read books on a mobile device; and a new version of productivity suite iWork for iPad, designed for multi-touch. In conjunction, Apple also released a new software development kit for iPad that allows developers to create new applications. The SDK includes a simulator that lets developers test and debug their iPad apps on a Mac and also help them create universal applications that run on iPad, iPhone and iPod touch. Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple, said: "iPad is our most advanced technology in a magical and revolutionary device at an unbelievable price. iPad creates and defines an entirely new category of devices that will connect users with their apps and content in a much more intimate, intuitive and fun way than ever before." Subscribe from just £1 per issue More


text:
This website is part of the ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) network
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Brucellosis is an infection caused by Brucella bacteria. The common reservoirs for Brucella bacteria that may infect humans are cattle, dogs, sheep, goats, and pigs. Brucellosis occurs worldwide but the Mediterranean region has been particularly affected. Humans become infected by direct or indirect contact with animals or with contaminated animal products (including unpasteurised milk and dairy products) or by the inhalation of aerosols.After an incubation period of five to 60 days, symptoms may appear either acutely or insidiously. Untreated, the disease may become chronic. The various symptoms are both general (fever, weakness, joint pain) and organ-specific (including infections in the brain infection and heart valves). Untreated, brucellosis can lead to death. Prolonged antibiotic treatment is usually effective.Control measures include animal vaccination and/or test-and-slaughter of infected animals, as well as pasteurisation of milk and dairy products.
Get the latest surveillance data on brucellosis from EU and EEA countries through the Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases.


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the site.
This step is voluntary but will greatly raise your chances of your profile being viewed by others. Tell people about yourself, your pasttimes and upload your best photograph.
Utilise our website's advanced search to discover members who suit your needs. Or just leaf through listings and discover singles that arouse your interest.
Located someone who could be a good match? Send them a few words or just a wink and await their reply. With a little luck you'll be on your way to discovering that special someone for you.
It'll only take a few minutes


text:
Read more about the American Community Survey»
The U.S. Census Bureau released population data from the 2010 Census for both Kansas and Missouri. Local and state governments use this data to redraw voting districts to ensure balanced representation. This process, called redistricting, happens after every decennial census.
In Missouri, redistricting was especially important this year as the state lost a congressional seat. Congressional district boundaries across the nation are redrawn to ensure that each of the 435 districts represents an equal number of people, and some other states grew faster than Missouri. Many local governments also make changes to city council districts, community college districts, school districts and other boundaries to reflect shifting populations.
The census data includes counts of total population and voting age population (those aged 18 and over) by race and Hispanic origin down to the block level. It also includes counts of total occupied housing units and vacant units. The race and Hispanic origin data is required to ensure fair representation regardless of race or ethnic origin.
MARC's Research Services Department has compiled census data for the MARC region in several formats that are available for download.
Other regional data is available from MARC's Research Services Department online on the MetroDataline and GIS web pages.


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
This step is elective but will seriously boost your chances of getting interest from other Christian members on the site. Introduce yourself, your hobbies and atach your nicest photo of yourself.
Use our website's state-of-the-art search to find members who suit your criteria. Or just look through listings of Christian singles and find people that you find interesting.
Located someone who looks suitable? Send a letter to them or just a wink and await their reply. With a little luck you'll be on your way to an amazing adventure.
It's really quick


text:
Here are links to other key organisations that support or can provide information to members of the RAF family.
Aircrew Association: Exists to foster comradeship amongst those who, having been awarded an official flying badge, have qualified to operate military aircraft and are serving, or have served, as military aircrew in the Armed Forces of those nations allied to the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.
Alexander Duckham Memorial Schools Trust: The Alexander Duckham Memorial Schools Trust aims to promote the education and welfare of children of members, and former members of the RAF who are in need of financial assistance
Armed Forces Memorial Appeal: The Appeal's task is to provide a National Monument of beauty, meaning and substance, to act as a lasting Memorial to the men and women of the United Kingdom Armed Forces who have lost their lives while on duty or as a result of terrorism since the Second World War.
Battle of Britain Historical Society: In the summer of 1940, 2,944 pilots took part in an historic battle against the German Luftwaffe that was to become the only battle ever to be fought entirely in the air, this battle was to become known as the 'Battle of Britain' and the pilots as 'The Few'.
BEWSA (British ex-Services Wheelchair Sports Association): BEWSA was formed in September 1987 after a small group of disabled ex-Service men and women were invited to fly to the United States of America to participate in the 'Paralysed Veterans of America (PVA) National Veterans Wheelchair Games'.
BLESMA (British Limbless Ex-Service Men's Association): Over two thousand surviving Ex-Service men and women have lost one or more limbs as a result of in World War II, Korea, Suez, Aden, The Falklands, The Gulf, Northern Ireland and in support of the United Nations. For them the fight still goes on; to hold their own in the battle of life with a handicap which must always be theirs. Additionally BLESMA continues to care for some 2000 widows.
Burma Star Association: The broad aims of the Association are to promote the comradeship experienced in the bitter fighting in the jungles of Burma, and also to set up a welfare organisation so that members and widows in need can be given poverty assistance in times of ill-health or other debilitating circumstances.
Blind Veterans UK: A national UK charity established in 1915 by Sir Arthur Pearson to provide essential training and rehabilitation to blind ex-Service men and women. From army cadets to Gulf, Falklands, and Second World War veterans, Blind Veterans UK will help anyone who has served in the forces and who is now blinded due to war, age, accident or illness.
Combat Stress: The Ex-Services Mental Welfare Society, also known as Combat Stress, is the only charity dedicated to giving care, comfort and reassurance, backed by skilled clinical support, to men and women of all ranks and all Services suffering from varying degrees of mental illness as a result of traumatic battle experiences.
Confederation of British Service & Ex-Service Organisations: COBSEO is established to represent, promote and further the interests of Service and ex-Service men and women of all ranks, and of their spouses and dependants by all practical, legal and proper means.
Defence Medical Welfare Services: DMWS works in partnership with the Ministry of Defence to provide practical and emotional support to military personnel and other entitled patients in hospital. Welfare Officers of the Defence Medical Welfare Service work with patients from all the Armed Forces, wherever they serve, including working within Field Hospitals during times of conflict.
Falklands Veterans Foundation: The Falklands Veterans Foundation (FVF) is the first UK based charity for Falklands Veterans and their Families and is committed to providing a network of support both financially and through support work for all Veterans and their Families.
Guinea Pig Club: The Guinea Pig Club was formed in 1941 to support aircrew who were undergoing reconstructive plastic surgery after receiving burn injuries, mostly as fighter pilots in the Battle of Britain. Pioneer plastic surgeon Archibald McIndoe worked at the Queen Victoria Hospital burns unit in East Grinstead, rehabilitating burns casualties at a time when the treatment of burns by surgery was in its infancy.
The term "Guinea Pig" reflected the experimental nature of the reconstructive work he carried out on the club's members and the new equipment designed to treat these injuries. The Guinea Pig Club was the direct result of his efforts to make life in the hospital easy for patients who had gone through at least ten surgical procedures and to begin to rebuild them psychologically in preparation for life outside the hospital. By the end of the war around 80% of the membership, which had then grown to 649, were from bomber crews. The Club still exists for the original burns patients who now number less than 75. Following the transfer of club funds, the RAF Benevolent Fund now handles all applications for financial assistance for 'Guinea Pigs'.
Gwennili Trust - Recreation, Adventure and Instruction at Sea for the Disabled: The objects of the Gwennili Trust are: the relief of the physically or mentally disabled – in particular ex-Servicemen and women – young persons and those in necessitous circumstances by the provision of nautical, recreational and educational facilities on specially chartered yachts, or any similar vessel and training facility.
Leonard Cheshire: The leading charity provider of services for disabled people in the UK, operating in 55 countries across the world.
MoneyForce: Is a programme designed to improve the financial capabilities of members of the Armed Forces. Covering all aspects of personal finance, the MoneyForce website and associated training programme encourages service personnel to get 'MoneyFit' by taking control of their own finances.
Not Forgotten Association: There are thousands of disabled ex-servicemen and women in this country. They have been injured in conflicts from 1914 to the present day. Now most of them are elderly and often frail and although their essential needs may be provided for, The 'Not Forgotten' Association is able to give them some of the 'extras' which most of us take for granted, something to look forward to; something to make life worth living.
Poppy Scotland: Supporting the ex-Service community in Scotland.
Recruit for Spouses: Is an independent social enterprise that improves employment opportunities for the spouses of serving members of the British Armed Forces.
RAF Community Support: Information and communication to support the RAF community.
RAF Disabled Holiday Trust: Helps serving and ex-RAF personnel and their dependants with a severe disability to take holidays in the UK and abroad.
RAF Families Federation: The RAF Families Federation represents the views and concerns of RAF personnel and their family members on the issues that affect them as part of a RAF family.
RAF Widows' Association: Provides help and information to men and women who have lost their spouse or partner whilst serving in the RAF at the time of their death or who died within two years of leaving the RAF.
Royal Air Force Charitable Trust: The Royal Air Force Charitable Trust is an independent charity and has as its objectives the promotion of recruiting and efficiency in the Royal Air Force as well as supporting RAF charitable work.
Royal Air Forces Association: The RAF Association is a membership organisation of current and past members of the RAF and those with an interest in aviation. It supports serving and retired members of the RAF and their dependants, from WWII veterans to those involved in the Falklands, Bosnia and the Gulf. Comradeship is provided through its 500+ branches and its network of Honorary Welfare Officers provide advice and support to those in need.
Royal British Legion: The RBL aims to safeguard the welfare, interests and memory of those who are serving or who have served in the Armed Forces. Currently, nearly 11 million people are eligible for our support and we receive around 300,000 calls for help every year.
Royal Observer Corps Benevolent Fund: The ROC was stood down in 1995 after 70 years serving the nation in war and peacetime, being awarded their 'Royal' prefix in recognition for work in support of the RAF in the Battle of Britain. The ROC also went on to provide valuable service through the Cold War. The Corps operated with a mainly volunteer force under RAF command; their Benevolent Fund still operates today, serving former members of the ROC in hardship, need or distress.
SSAFA Forces Help: The national charity helping serving and ex-Service men, women and their families, in need. The range of services SSAFA Forces Help provides include housing, financial aid and advice, friendship visits and professional health care and social work services.
Tourism For All: The UK Voice for Accessible Tourism. We are a national charity dedicated to making tourism welcoming to all. A break or a holiday, or a simple day trip is important to our lives, giving us something to look forward to, time to enjoy our families, a chance for adventure, or perhaps some time to ourselves, to recover, and acquire memories of happy times. In the past, some of us have encountered barriers to our participation in tourism - disabled people, older people, carers of young people or disabled or older relatives - Tourism for All works to overcome these.
Veterans Scotland: Veterans Scotland's objective is to relieve suffering hardship and distress and to promote the relief of need and to promote education among men or women who have at any time served with any branch of the naval, military and air forces of the Crown or her allies.
Wheel Life: Don't just sit there! Join the Wheel Life Community.


text:
Ask Morley to Carry Him
"Carry me."
"What?" The old man stared at Van like he just went crazy. And for a crazy old man to do that, meant that it was quite a crazy idea.
"I said can you carry me?"
"No. Old men don't carry people. People carry old men." He turned around on the road searching for something, tapping the ground lightly here and there.
"What are you doing?"
"Calling on a friend."
"A friend."
Moments later, Morley's eyes lit up and he jammed his staff harshly down onto the ground. Immediately, swarms of ants started crawling out of the hole he created.
"Yeah. You know they can carry three thousand times their weight? They're special ants."
"Why?" Van stared at the swarm of ants in confusion.
"Well I can't carry you. But they can."
And the swarm of ants rode underneath him and picked him up. Morley laughed out loudly.
"Haha! Now we get going again!"
"Again? But I thought we reached our destination!"
"What destination? There was no destination." Morley gave Van a weird look. "Destination is over there." He pointed down the road.
"No buts." Morley glared at him, gripping his staff threateningly. Van shut up quickly and they set out with ants carrying him. How ridiculous.


text:
Cabrillo CU Automates Document Imaging and Recaptures Resources to Serve Members
Cabrillo Credit Union is a role model for credit unions looking to recapture wasted employee time and redirect resources to serving members. They recently completed a 5-year strategic initiative to transform their information systems, including a core conversion, an electronic signature system, and replacement of a 10-year old document imaging system.
According to Cabrillo's CTO, Frankie Dueñas, "Document imaging is as important to us as our core processor."
But document imaging systems are more often seen by credit unions as cost centers, because most of them rely on obsolete technology and paper-based processes. As Cabrillo found out, innovations in document imaging and electronic signature can empower credit unions to improve their operations and member service levels. And they can significantly lower costs through enhanced workflows, automation, and system integration.
Cabrillo Credit Union, Bluepoint Solutions, and DocuSign come together in this webcast to review how Cabrillo has successfully met its business goals, including:
- Creating a strategic plan that incorporates multiple information systems
- Improving productivity through automated scanning, archiving and retrieval
- Enhancing member satisfaction by leveraging electronic signature
- Developing the right criteria for system selection
- Avoiding common pitfalls when selecting new systems
For our latest webcasts, and to watch the recorded version of this session, please fill out the form below.
Other Webcasts
1. How a One-Branch Credit Union Can Become an Industry Leader in Just 3 Years
2. Turning an IT Cost Center into an Income Center
3. Increase Employee Efficiency Today: 5 Operational Improvements
4. Leveraging Mobile Technology to Reach the Underbanked
5. Keys to Improving Teller Efficiency
6. Driving the Cost out of Checks: Reducing Check Fraud in Real-Time
7. Gain Control of Your Item Processing
8. Automate Back-Office Processing with ImagePoint Mailroom


text:
Tableau Software (DATA) is one of tech's IPO successes.
The maker of analytics software, which competes with software giants IBM (IBM), SAP (SAP), Oracle (ORCL) and Microsoft (MSFT), has posted revenue growth north of 80% in each of the past three years.
Investors have taken note. Tableau stock soared 63% on May 17, the first day of trading for the initial public offering. The stock is up more than 130% from its $31 offering price.
Last month, Tableau reported Q2 earnings that soundly beat analyst views. It reported a per-share profit of a penny; analysts had expected a loss of 14 cents.
But that profit was kind of a fluke, and that's a good thing. So says Tableau Chief Executive Christian Chabot, who recently spoke with IBD about the company's growth.
IBD: Early-stage software companies focus on growing revenue over profit. What is Tableau's strategy?
Chabot: Our strategy is to invest heavily in our opportunity. We do not expect to make a profit in the near term. Part of the reason (for the penny-per-share profit) was that we weren't able to make investments as fast as we thought we could, but that does not change the fact that we are going to make those investments.
IBD: Before the IPO, the company had raised $15 million from investors but never used it. Why not?
Chabot: There was a time when the only way to sell and distribute a software product was to invest in a big and expensive field sales force.
Due to the Internet, other business models and engineering innovations, companies can market and sell products using free trials, freeware, a website and a (smaller) inside sales force.
That's why it's possible for companies to grow during the early startup phase in a more capital-efficient way.
IBD: The macroeconomy has challenged tech companies for years, but Tableau's revenue has nearly quadrupled the past three years.
Chabot: There is a deep, pent-up thirst for software that is easy to use that helps (customers) see and understand data. The current generation of technology that companies and governments use to try to see and understand the data they store in their databases and spreadsheets is without exception complicated, development-intensive, staff-intensive, inflexible, slow-moving and expensive. And every one of those adjectives is true for each of the market-share leaders in our industry.
IBD: Are you referring to Oracle, SAP, IBM and Microsoft?
Chabot: Those are the first four, and there are more. The technology offerings in the analytics arena from those companies aren't easy or satisfying for people to use, or affordable. They're just not.
IBD: Is there another reason for the fast growth?
Chabot: The data explosion and Big Data excitement. Most people think that is the big driver, but (replacing old technology) is far more important.
IBD: How do most companies use your software?
Chabot: For banks, it's often about mitigating risk, serving customers better or inventing new financial products.
Health care companies use Tableau to discover new drugs, manage their R&D pipeline and serve customers better.
LinkedIn (LNKD) uses it to help track and manage their people better.
IBD: Your year-over-year sales growth, while steep, has slowed the past four quarters, from 115% to 81%, 62%, 71% and an expected 57% this quarter. Why the slowing?
Chabot: As we scale to a much larger company, those types of growth rates aren't realistic anymore. But our growth rates are among the highest among all technology companies.
IBD: How does the company compete with rivals?
Chabot: We compete on speed and ease of use. None of the products sold by any of the large technology incumbents are self-service products. The technology those companies are selling are on-premise products invented in the 1980s and 1990s. And the years have not been kind.
IBD: How much of the revenue is from customers replacing older systems with Tableau vs. companies that have never used analytics software?
Chabot: It's a combination. We don't quote that stat. The main buyers of Tableau's products are people who currently have nothing other than spreadsheets.
IBD: Tableau launched a cloud product in July. How has the company grown so fast without software that customers access via the Internet "cloud"?
Chabot: Customers want fast, easy, cloud-based solutions, but they also want a fast and easy on-premise solution. Some companies have a lot of data behind the firewall, and that is either difficult or prohibited to move (to the cloud). The right strategy for the business analytics market is both (cloud and on-premise products). Tableau is not doing a transition from on-premise to the cloud.
IBD: What's the biggest challenge for Tableau?
Chabot: Tableau has become one of the fastest-growing companies in technology. And when companies get to that point, the biggest challenge is finding and recruiting exceptional talent.


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text:
Aromatic Thermosetting Copolyesters for Ablative TPS
Award Information
Small Business Information
CU Aerospace, LLC
2100 South Oak Street, Suite 206, Champaign, IL, 61820-0910
Principal Investigator
Name: Chris Mangun
Title: Principal Investigator
Phone: (217) 333-8279
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Title: Principal Investigator
Phone: (217) 333-8279
Email: email@example.com
Business Contact
Name: David Carroll
Title: Vice President and COO
Phone: (217) 333-8274
Email: email@example.com
Title: Vice President and COO
Phone: (217) 333-8274
Email: email@example.com
Research Institution
AbstractBetter performing ablative thermal protection systems than currently available are needed to satisfy requirements of the most severe crew exploration vehicles, such as the Mars Sample Return with 12-15 km/s Earth entry. The primary objective of CU Aerospace's Phase I work will be to fabricate and test aromatic thermosetting copolyesters (ATSP) composites for use as ablatives in next generation spacecraft missions. The synthetic development of novel aromatic thermosetting copolyesters was a major innovation in the field of polymer science. Previous testing of their capabilities showed excellent performance as adhesives, rigid foams, matrices for composites, and dielectrics for microelectronics. Only recently has this material been considered as a viable ablative due to its high temperature stability and excellent composite mechanical properties especially due to the liquid crystalline nature of the polymer, which allows a matching of CTE between fiber and matrix. Our team partner the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign will assist CU Aerospace to perform basic research and provide technical support to accelerate the transition of ATSP polymers into ablative composites. If successful CU Aerospace envisions the ATSP to be utilized in a wide variety of applications in both civilian and military spacecraft, either as a retrofit or as a next-generation design.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 27, 2006
|Filing date
|Nov 27, 2001
|Priority date
|Sep 26, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Richard S. Orr
|Original Assignee
|Itt Manufacturing Enterpprises, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (31), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (42), Classifications (17), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims precedence from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/325,025 entitled "An Embedded Chirp Signal for Position Determination in Cellular Communication Systems," filed Sep. 26, 2001. The disclosure of that provisional patent application is incorporated by reference here in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to position determination of mobile users in a wireless communication system. More particularly, it relates to cellular communication systems in which position determination is provided as a low-complexity, augmentation service to an installed base of communication equipment.
2. Description of the Related Art
Mobile communication services have grown from infancy in the 1970s to become world wide in scope, having subscribers in numbers threatening to overcome the size of the fixed telephone base. First generation (1G) analog systems concentrated entirely on voice communications. Following an explosive growth of digital technologies and the rise of the Internet, there emerged a demand for mobile data services that has been met initially by second generation (2G) digital systems. More expansive, multi-channel, multi-media services are anticipated in third generation (3G) systems and beyond.
For a variety of commercial and safety reasons, a demand that the locations of mobile users be known to some accuracy, both by the mobile station and the network service provider, has arisen. Some of this demand has escalated to regulatory requirements, e.g. mobile enhanced 911 (E911), which mandates Automatic Location Identification (ALI) services beginning Oct. 1, 2001.
Position determination is sure to be a feature of mobile communications systems deployed in the future. Current provisioning of such services, however, requires that a position determination function be retrofitted to all US and many foreign operating networks to meet E911 requirements.
The original expectation, based on technology assessments, was that carriers would undertake network-based solutions for a mobile unit position, but none of the first and second generation cellular telephony systems explicitly incorporated means to do so. The FCC requirement for a network-based solution is 100 meters for 67% of calls and 300 meters for 95% of calls. With the development of commercial Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, it became clear that handset-based solutions would be possible as GPS capability became commonplace in handsets. The FCC requirements for a handset-based solution are twice as stringent as those for network-based solutions (50 and 150 meters for 67% and 95% of 911 calls, respectively).
As long as GPS operated in its intentionally degraded Selective Availability (SA) mode, it was incapable of providing the requisite accuracy. By presidential directive SA was terminated on May 2, 2000, permitting commercial GPS receivers to know their position within 10 s of meters.
Progress in meeting FCC E911, the most demanding ALI requirement, has been difficult to make. In the absence of any built-in ALI capability in cellular telephony signals, construction of a network-based solution required clever exploitation of existing signals or addition of new means. And even though a handset might know its position to sufficient accuracy from an internally or externally supplied post-SA GPS solution, no means to automatically couple such a solution into the return link to the base station was provided.
This is not to say that the problem has not been addressed. It has in fact already been approached from a variety of viewpoints. In one such conventional system, a mobile station in a cellular communications network estimates pseudorange to a plurality of base stations by measuring the arrival time of known signals, e.g. training sequences, included in the downlink communication signals transmitted by the base stations to mobile stations. With proper coordination between base stations and mobile stations some two-way ranging also may be performed. A differential time of arrival (DTOA) technique is used in such a conventional system to convert a set of pseudoranges to a position solution.
In another conventional system, each base station transmits, in addition to its communication signals, an embedded navigation signal that both provides mobile stations with a signal from which to extract signal arrival time and carries low-rate digital timing data derived from an external source, e.g. the Global Positioning System (GPS), to facilitate converting arrival time measurements to position estimates. In such a system the base station is equipped with a receiver (e.g., a GPS receiver) to provide the external timing reference. The base station also can be made to function as a pseudolite node in the external ranging system if it also provides navigation services. Proper execution of the position determination function in such systems, however, requires the external timing reference to be available at the base station, at the mobile station, or at both stations.
Theory and experiment indicate that conventional systems performing ranging using the communication signals above are not able to meet the most stringent of the position determination accuracy requirements, e.g. E911. Performance improvements are made possible by an embedded navigation signal, but the consequent dependence on external timing in the conventional systems creates an equipment burden at both the base station and the mobile stations that hampers backward compatibility. Further, such dependence is disadvantageous in that outage of the timing reference system impairs or disables the position determination function.
There is a long felt need to determine the position of mobile stations within a wireless communication network with a high degree of accuracy and without requiring substantial changes to the wireless communications network infrastructure.
Therefore, in light of the above, and for other reasons that will become apparent when the invention is fully described, an object of the invention is to accurately determine the position of a mobile station within a wireless communication network.
Another object of the invention is to embed a lower level signal in a cellular communication signal without requiring the use of a timing source external to the cellular communication system.
Yet another object of the invention is to embed a navigation signal in a communication signal while avoiding interference with the communication signal.
A still further object of the invention is to determine the position of a mobile unit with accuracy of 50 m (1 σ) or less.
The aforesaid objects are achieved individually and in combination, and it is not intended that the invention be construed as requiring two or more of the objects to be combined unless expressly required by the claims attached hereto.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a method of transmitting a communication signal generated in synchronization with a transmitter time base includes generating the spread spectrum signal in synchronization with the transmitter time base; and embedding the spread spectrum signal in the communication signal. An example of the spread spectrum signal is a chirp spread spectrum signal. The communication signal includes at least two frames and the chirp spread spectrum signal can include an up-chirp portion embedded in the first frame and a down-chirp portion embedded in the second frame, wherein the up-chirp portion of the spread spectrum signal is a signal linearly increasing in frequency and the down-chirp portion of the spread-spectrum signal is a signal linearly decreasing in frequency.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a communication signal is generated by embedding a first portion of a spread spectrum signal in a first portion of the communication signal; and embedding a second portion of a spread spectrum signal in a second portion of the communication signal. The communication signal can be a time division multiplex/frequency division multiple access (TDM/FDMA) communication signal, and the first and second portions of the communication signals can be first and second TDM frames, respectively. The first and second spread spectrum signals can be chirped spread spectrum signals in which the first spread spectrum signal is a chirp signal of a first sense, and the second spread spectrum signal is a chirp signal of a second sense, opposite to the first sense.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a method of determining a location of a mobile unit in a communication system having a plurality of transmitters, includes extracting chirp spread spectrum signals from communication signals broadcast from the plurality of transmitters; determining pseudorange measurements between the mobile unit and the plurality of transmitters based on the extracted chirp spread spectrum signals; and transmitting the pseudorange measurements to a location processing center for determining the position of the mobile unit. The communication signal can include a frame having a plurality of slots and the chirp spread spectrum signal is embedded within the frame. Extracting the chirp spread spectrum signal can include extracting the chirp spread spectrum signal only during the slots that are not used for transmission or reception of the communication signal.
The above and still further objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following descriptions and descriptive figures of specific embodiments thereof. While these descriptions go into specific details of the invention, it should be understood that variations may and do exist and would be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the descriptions herein.
Preferred embodiments according to the present invention are described below with reference to the above drawings, in which like reference numerals designate like components.
Systems and methods are described here for locating the position of a mobile terminal in a cellular communication system, such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). The communication system includes a network of transmitting and receiving base stations, at least one mobile unit and signals transmitted between the base station and the mobile station. Time-division-multiplex/frequency-division-multiple-access (TDM/FDMA) communication signals are examples of signals the base stations transmit to mobile units. In addition the base stations can also transmit a linear frequency modulated (FM), or chirp signal that is synchronized to the communications frame structure of the base station. The chirp signal can include an up-chirp portion for one frame followed by a down-chirp portion in the subsequent frame, repeated periodically. The lower and upper frequency limits of the chirp signal lie inside or coincide with the edges of the system operator's spectrum allocation. In time slots during which the mobile unit is neither transmitting communications to a base station, receiving communications from a base station, nor adjusting its local oscillator frequency for subsequent transmit/receive operations, the mobile unit receives a contiguous portion of the chirp signal and makes an arrival time, or pseudorange measurement based on that portion of the chirp signal. Pseudoranges taken from adjacent, opposite sense chirp portions can be averaged to remove pseudorange errors due to frequency uncertainty. A set of these pairwise averages can be accumulated and processed for noise and interference removal over a position update interval. Measurements made with the receiver's local reference chirp displaced in frequency in a positive and negative sense permit early-late tracking of pseudorange. No external timing source, e.g. GPS receiver, is required to be employed at either the base station or in the mobile terminal. Repeating this pseudorange measurement process with a plurality of base stations provides sufficient data to obtain a position solution. The mobile terminal may either compute its position itself or communicate the raw pseudorange measurements back to a base station, from which the cellular network performs position determination. That is, either a network- or handset-based solution is possible.
An exemplary embedded navigation signal is shown in
Each GSM frame is divided into eight equal length time slots, numbered 1 through 8 in
According to regulations for the mobile communication bands, the signals in the transmission and reception slots are spaced apart 45 MHz in frequency. During the intervening time slot, i.e., slot 3 in
Normally the mobile unit performs no communication functions during the six time slots not scheduled for either transmission or reception. It is during these slots, then, that the mobile unit may receive the navigation signal. To do so it must reset the LO frequency to the expected chirp frequency to begin reception. This reset is not instantaneous but can be accomplished in no more than one time slot. As shown in
A receiver suitable for use in a wireless communication network and that performs the theoretically optimum processing of the navigation signal for a noise-only environment is shown in
The communication signal with the embedded chirp navigation signal is received at a mobile unit by an antenna 10. The antenna passes the received signal to a bandpass filter 11 which filters the received signal to 25 MHz. An amplifier 12 amplifies the band-limited signal and outputs the amplified signal to a first mixer 13 which mixes the amplified signal with an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The signal output from the first mixer is applied to a second mixer 14 which further translates the signal based on frame timing data applied to a synthesizer controller 15 and a frequency synthesizer 16. The frame timing data determines where within the frame the chirp processing slots are located and the consequent frequency range spanned by the chirp, from which the appropriate mixing frequency is selected. The second translation serves to place the signal in a fixed band of width approximately 1.875 MHz and confines it to said band by way of a second bandpass filter 17. The band selection is controlled by commands that set the synthesizer output to one of six constant frequencies.
Band selection is controlled by commands that set the synthesizer output to one of six constant frequencies separated by (⅛)�5 MHz=625 kHz, the frequency sweep over one time slot duration. These frequencies are offsets of the chirp frequencies at the beginning of the first six time slots of an up-chirp. Denoting the first of these frequencies by f1, the n-th frequency is
f n =f 1+(n−1)�625 kHz, 1≦n≦6.
The time bases of the transmitted communication and navigation signals are slaved, thus the receiver always knows which frequency to use within a given navigation slot.
After the signal is filtered to reject noise and interference lying outside the 1.875 MHz band it is passed to a correlator 18 whose local input is one of six possible reference functions shown in
Since the received RF phase of the received chirp signal is unknown, the correlation signal processing accounts for this by correlating the received signal with quadrature chirp reference signals generated by chirp generator 19 driven by frame timing information. The received chirp may be written as cos(2πfot+μt2/2+φ), where μ is the chirp rate and φ is an unknown phase assumed to remain constant over the measurement interval.
Alternatively, quadrature chirp processing is avoided by applying a phase-lock loop (PLL) to a single component to co-phase the received and reference signals. In this alternative embodiment the complex correlator 18 is replaced by a real-valued, or single quadrature component correlator, and the chirp generator 19 is driven by both frame timing information and the output of a PLL. This PLL takes as input the output of the real-valued correlator and produces as its output a phase correction that is supplied to the chirp generator 19 for the purpose of matching the phase of the reference output of 19 to the phase of the correlator input. When these phases are matched, the correlator output signal is the strongest possible, thereby maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio in and accuracy of the subsequent measurements.
In either embodiment the magnitude of the correlator output is computed by the correlator magnitude unit 20 and passed to an arrival time estimator unit 21 that extracts TOA. In an environment with signal-plus-noise only, the best estimate of TOA is the time at which the correlation output takes on its maximum value. In multipath environments the estimate may be based on the time of the earliest peak, although other techniques can be used. Here, a TOA measurement is equivalent to a pseudorange measurement. Although
Further processing can account for the presence of interfering signals, and is discussed as part of the preferred pseudorange processing section below.
The optimum processing described above requires a new type of receiver over the presently installed base. A conventional GSM receiver has neither the frequency synthesizer 16 to convert the incoming signal into one of the six specific bands needed for chirp processing nor the 1.875 MHz bandpass filter 17 needed to isolate the multi-slot chirp portion from out-of-band noise or interference. Nor does it contain a software or firmware chirp generator 19. The method described next has a high degree of backward compatibility with existing GSM receivers and is preferred since in many cases it can be implemented via software changes that achieve the objectives of the optimum receiver,
A mobile unit receiver suitable for use in a wireless communication network and that requires only software changes to use the chirp navigation signal is illustrated in
A pseudorange signal is output from the signal processor 26 that is fed back to the synthesizer controller 24 to control the local oscillator frequency based on the measured pseudorange.
Up to the first IF down conversion mixer 13 the receiver shown in
One of the six frequency patterns shown in
Coherent accumulation consists of multiplying the sampled input signal by the samples of a reference sinusoid at the expected frequency and summing the products, where the expected frequency is determined by the receiver's current position and time estimates. If the input and reference frequencies coincide, the accumulated value will be large and will indicate that the receiver position estimate is correct and does not require an update. Any deviation between the two frequencies indicates a tracking error that can be corrected.
The processing described above produces a single point on the cross-correlation between the received chirp and the reference signal. By itself, a single point is inadequate to yield an arrival time estimate. Nevertheless, the signal processor 26 tracks the chirp frequency in a simple manner. According to
Further processing methods can be used to account for the following: (1) frequency uncertainties and Doppler shifts, (2) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and (3) interference among signals received from multiple base stations.
(1) Frequency uncertainties have opposite effects on opposite sense chirps. Therefore pseudoranges taken from adjacent, opposite sense chirp are averaged to remove pseudo-range errors due to frequency uncertainty.
(2) The correlation output SNR of a single frame is normally too low to yield measurements of sufficient accuracy. To increase the SNR and associated measurement accuracy, averages are accumulated and processed over a position update interval. Preferably the position update interval is 1 second, but other update intervals are not precluded and can be used.
(3) As the chirp sweeps the 5-MHz band, it will cross portions of the spectrum where the mobile unit's local base station is transmitting communications. With a frequency reuse factor 4:1 whereby any base station is allocated one out of every four FDMA channels, local base station communications will be encountered 25% of the time. The received chirp can be blanked during those known intervals for interference mitigation, and the very modest impact of these "missing pieces" of the chirp can be assessed from the autocorrelation functions, before and after blanking.
The energy of the received signal is manifest in the autocorrelation function as amplitude; the ability to resolve arrival time is manifest in the curvature of the autocorrelation mainlobe near the peak.
The method described thus far produces an accurate pseudorange once per position update period. Repeating this process with another two or three base stations provides sufficient data to obtain a position solution. In acquiring the signal from a second, third or fourth base station, the mobile unit does not execute all the call processing functions required to set up the primary communication link. It is sufficient to use the frequency and synchronization bursts to achieve time and frequency lock prior to receiving the base station's navigation signal.
With regard to the computation of position, the mobile station can compute position itself. Alternatively, the mobile station can communicate the raw pseudorange measurements back to its local base station, from which the cellular network determines the mobile unit's position.
In another embodiment of a base station suitable for use in a GSM network, shown in
Reception and appropriate processing of the embedded chirp navigation signal at a mobile station required to make the measurements from which a position solution is derived can be implemented in new or legacy mobile units via software-only, hardware-only or hybrid modules. No external timing source, e.g. GPS, is required to be employed at base stations or at mobile units.
A mobile unit receiver, such as the receiver shown in either
The following sections describe the performance characteristics of a chirp navigation signal embedded in a communication signal.
A standard measure of the 1−σ arrival time accuracy possible from reception of a specific pulse shape in white noise is given by the Cramer-Rao (C-R) bound
in which E/No is the pulse signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and β is the mean-squared bandwidth of the pulse. The C-R bound represents the minimum achievable error, and is an accurate estimate as long as the SNR exceeds a threshold. When the pulse is a chirp waveform having average power P, duration T and sweep W, the C-R bound is
To evaluate the C-R bound the chirp SNR is estimated. This assumes that a GSM user at the cell edge receives a bit SNR of Eb/No=8 dB. With the chirp power set 20 dB below the communications power, the SNR in a chirp lasting one bit time would be E/No=−12 dB. A three-slot duration chirp contains 3�156=468 bit times (26.70 dB-bits), driving the total SNR to E/No=14.70 dB. After the blanking discount (1.25 dB), the achieved result is E/No=13.45 dB. When this is introduced into equation (2), with the bandwidth set to W=1.75 MHz, the single-measurement pseudorange error is 13.22 m (1−σ). Averaging 27 pseudoranges over 1 second reduces the error by a factor of √{square root over (27)} (=5.2) to 2.5 m.
In the absence of other effects, this calculation might suggest that the chirp signal has been over-designed, and its accuracy could be relaxed by decreasing either its power or bandwidth. There are, however, several other considerations.
A chirp coming from a more distant base station may be weaker than the one transmitted by the local station. In what seems like a worst case, another participating base station could be three times as distant as the local one. Under propagation conditions associated with cluttered environments, where signal power may decline in proportion to the 4th power of range, this is a loss of 19 dB.
The next section describes at interference issues in greater detail. Other processing techniques are described to deal with both local and distant base station communications traffic, and it becomes evident that blanking may not always be the preferable solution.
The above analysis for determining chirp ranging accuracy in a noise only environment accounts for mutual interference. The embedded navigation signal should cause no significant disruption to communications, nor should the ranging fail due to communication signals present in the chirp bands. These effects are quantified next.
Use of the chirp navigation signals described here virtually eliminates chirp-on-chirp mutual interference by time staggering the chirps at the base stations; it would do so trivially if all chirps were unidirectional. Because alternating sign, or bimodal, chirps are used to ameliorate Doppler effects, there will be times when an up-chirp and a down-chirp cross, but the filter matched to one of those chirps will substantially reject the other so that there is no significant interference. In some cases, subbands containing a crossing will be blanked by the receiver because of the LO settling time, and the point becomes moot.
Effects due to communication signals emanating from the local base station, for which the power relationship is fixed independent of range, largely can be eliminated through blanking, as described earlier. However, the position determination function cannot afford to routinely blank communication signals from more distant base stations, even if they are fairly strong, since the resulting signal power loss becomes intolerable. In fact, the following treatment also applies to locally generated signals as well.
A better way to process the received signal is to treat the input as though the noise power density were time varying in a predictable fashion and use weighting rather than on-off processing to combine the various portions. Given that the mobile set maintains signal strength measurements for all base stations, the chirp segments may be coherently combined with weighting factors derived from a maximum likelihood estimation criterion to optimize the resulting pseudorange. That is, as base stations with different signals strengths sequentially interfere with a given chirp, the fluctuating effective noise floor values may be taken into account in the range estimate.
The mean noise-equivalent power spectral density of a base station communications signal is estimated by discounting the signal peak power for its duty factor and relative path loss, and dividing by the observable chirp bandwidth, thus modeling it as band-limited white noise.
The received bit SNR can be written in terms of the power, P, and bit time, Tb, as
The equivalent noise power density is the ratio αδP/Wc, where Wc is the observable chirp bandwidth (≈γ/Tb, where γ is the bandwidth expansion, i.e. the ratio of the observable chirp bandwidth to the communication signal bandwidth), α is the relative path loss compared to the local base station, and δ is the duty factor, i.e. the fraction of time the signal is present. The effective noise contribution of the communications signals can be written in units of the ambient noise density as
and the total noise density, instead of No, increases to No′:
The case of local base station effects can be modeled using only equation (5). Setting α=1, δ=0.25 and γ=1.75 MHz/0.2 MHz=8.75 yields an increase of 0.68 dB, a lesser penalty than that assessed by blanking.
A more troublesome scenario is the reception of a distant chirp. The results for the noise-only model have already been shown in
The methods described above are designed for a multipath-free environment. Since almost all GSM scenarios include multipath propagation, position determination must also work well in its presence. Techniques to cope with multipath on communication signals are already incorporated into a conventional GSM receiver; these include channel estimation, equalization and maximum likelihood symbol sequence estimation.
As is evident in
It is expected that conventional implementations of DTOA techniques are not likely to meet current regulatory requirements of 50 m positional accuracy. If the geometric dilution of position (GDOP) for a 2-D position is assumed to be about 1.5, the individual measurement accuracies must be around 33 m or less to meet the regulatory requirements. Chirp range accuracies are estimated above to be at most 25 m if the distant signals are as much as 20 dB down and accuracy from the local chirp is under 5 m. Then if the average measurement accuracy is taken to be around 20 m, overall position accuracy of some 30 m is expected. This estimate can tolerate another factor of 1.6 dilution for unmodeled effects such as multipath and poor base station geometry without exceeding the target of 50 m.
Judicious coupling of the DTOA data into the overall algorithm, however, can further decrease the error. A receiver equipped to make the chirp navigation measurements is also able to make the training sequence DTOA measurements on the existing communication signals. Given any set of facts describing the physical circumstances-locations of base stations and receivers, transmitted power levels for the communications and navigation signals, details of the signal structures, signal propagation conditions, receiver processing algorithms, etc—it is possible to use well-established engineering procedures to estimate the relative accuracy of position measurements made respectively by the chirp and training-sequence-based methods. For the preferred embodiment described herein it is estimated that errors in the chirp-based position estimates are in the range of 25% to 65% of the errors for the training-sequence-based methods.
Comparable estimates can be made in operational scenarios using information available at the receiver and network locations. Knowing the results of such estimates, it becomes possible to derive relative weights to be used in combining the various measurements into a unified and more accurate estimate. In addition to simple linear combination of estimates, various outlier, or integrity tests can be performed to exclude anomalous measurements from the data set used to compute the final result.
Having described preferred embodiments of apparatuses and methods for embedding a chirp signal in a cellular communication signal, it is believed that other modifications, variations and changes will be suggested to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings set forth herein. It is therefore to be understood that all such variations, modifications and changes are believed to fall within the scope of the present. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in their ordinary and accustomed manner only, unless expressly defined differently herein, and not for purposes of limitation.
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|Appending a ranging waveform to a frame to maintain communication protocol interoperability
|Nov 22, 2011
|Oct 14, 2014
|Novatel Inc.
|Chirp receiver utilizing phase processed chirp signals
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|Jun 2, 2015
|Cambridge Silicon Radio Limited
|Chirp communications
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|Jul 14, 2015
|Digi International Inc.
|Chirp spread spectrum system and method
|Jun 18, 2007
|Jul 21, 2015
|Digi International Inc.
|System and method for obtaining frequency and time synchronization in a wideband communication system
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|Jul 21, 2015
|Digi International Inc.
|System and method for transmitting and detecting spread spectrum signals
|Sep 8, 2014
|Sep 22, 2015
|Novatel Inc.
|System for determining precise position including a chirp receiver utilizing phase precessed chirp signals
|Dec 12, 2012
|Oct 13, 2015
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Diversity with a coded signal
|Apr 19, 2012
|Apr 19, 2016
|Qualcomm Technologies International, Ltd.
|Encrypting communications
|Jun 4, 2015
|May 31, 2016
|Digi International Inc.
|Chirp spread spectrum system and method
|Sep 9, 2015
|Dec 20, 2016
|Semtech Corporation
|Wireless communication method
|Apr 12, 2012
|Feb 28, 2017
|Comtech Ef Data Corp.
|Embedded meta-carrier with spread spectrum via overlaid carriers
|May 27, 2016
|Apr 18, 2017
|Digi International Inc.
|Chirp spread spectrum system and method
|Oct 7, 2002
|May 15, 2003
|Craig Partridge
|Systems and methods for creating covert channels using packet frequencies
|Mar 23, 2004
|Sep 29, 2005
|Waye Patrick M
|System and method to facilitate overcoming a degradation in transmission through a radiating transmission line communication system
|Jun 8, 2005
|Dec 22, 2005
|Ntt Docomo, Inc.
|Wireless positioning approach using time delay estimates of multipath components
|Dec 12, 2005
|Jul 20, 2006
|Guenter Hofmann
|Device and method for determining a time of arrival of a receive sequence
|Nov 14, 2005
|May 17, 2007
|Swope Charles B
|Method and apparatus for locating a transceiver
|Jun 18, 2007
|Dec 18, 2008
|Schaffner Terry M
|System and method for obtaining frequency and time synchronization in a wideband communication system
|Jun 18, 2007
|Dec 18, 2008
|Schaffner Terry M
|System and method for transmitting and detecting spread spectrum signals
|Feb 27, 2008
|Aug 27, 2009
|Cisco Technology Inc.
|Appending a Ranging Waveform to a Frame to Maintain Communication Protocol Interoperability
|Jun 3, 2008
|Dec 3, 2009
|Hsiang-Tsuen Hsieh
|Efficient mechanisms for local cluster network synchonization
|Dec 15, 2008
|Jun 17, 2010
|Motorola, Inc.
|Method for generating a location signal
|Dec 15, 2008
|Jun 17, 2010
|Motorola, Inc.
|Method and device for generating a location signal
|Jun 16, 2010
|Jan 6, 2011
|Antonio Forenza
|System and method for managing handoff of a client between different distributed-input-distributed-output (DIDO) networks based on detected velocity of the client
|Apr 12, 2012
|Aug 2, 2012
|Comtech Ef Data Corp.
|Embedded meta-carrier with spread spectrum via overlaid carriers
|Apr 19, 2012
|Oct 25, 2012
|Cambridge Silicon Radio Limited
|Chirp Communications
|Mar 14, 2013
|Sep 18, 2014
|Digi International Inc.
|Indoor positioning with radio frequency chirp signal propagation delay measurement
|Sep 9, 2015
|Mar 31, 2016
|Semtech Corporation
|Wireless communication method
|Apr 22, 2014
|Sep 10, 2014
|Short wave communication system power automatic control method
|Mar 6, 2014
|Oct 8, 2014
|Digi International Inc.
|Indoor positioning with radio frequency chirp signal propagation delay measurement
|Feb 2, 2009
|Sep 3, 2009
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Protecting a time interval for transmitting a ranging waveform from transmissions by legacy communication devices
|Dec 8, 2009
|Jul 1, 2010
|Motorola, Inc.
|Method for generating a location signal
|Dec 8, 2009
|Oct 21, 2010
|Motorola, Inc.
|Method for generating a location signal
|Dec 8, 2009
|Jul 1, 2010
|Motorola, Inc.
|Method and device for generating a location signal
|Dec 8, 2009
|Oct 21, 2010
|Motorola, Inc.
|Method and device for generating a location signal
|U.S. Classification
|375/139, 455/404.2, 375/343
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 27, 2001
Owner name: ITT INDUSTRIES, INC., DELAWARE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ORR, RICHARD S.;REEL/FRAME:012334/0607
Effective date: 20011121
|Mar 13, 2002
Owner name: ITT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES, INC., DELAWARE
Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF RECEIVING PARTY WHICH WAS PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 012334, FRAME 0607;ASSIGNOR:ORR, RICHARD S.;REEL/FRAME:012679/0135
Effective date: 20011121
|Dec 28, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 24, 2012
Owner name: EXELIS INC., VIRGINIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ITT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES LLC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS ITT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES, INC.);REEL/FRAME:027584/0181
Effective date: 20111221
|Dec 27, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 1, 2016
Owner name: HARRIS CORPORATION, FLORIDA
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:EXELIS INC.;REEL/FRAME:039362/0534
Effective date: 20151223


text:
XtremeMags Publication
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2000 TJ Hard Top for sale
Selling my stock TJ hard top, priced to sell, it's black w/ a light tint in the windows, it's missing the back window (according to the previous owner he broke it) I asked around and it looks like it costs about 400-500 bucks to replace it. so I'm asking $650.00 for the top, i'm located in Puyallup WA. and i'm not willing to ship it so local pickup only. If you're interested let me know. Thanks
hmm.........if only you were willing to ship...................
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text:
Fulham were today in talks with the Football Association after seeking clarification on Sascha Riether's charge of violent conduct.
Riether became the first player to be charged by the FA's panel of former referees for incidents not seen by officials following his stamp on Adnan Januzaj.
Fulham accept that the defender deserved a red card but have questioned when retrospective action can be taken against players for violent conduct.
The FA may have set a precedent by not banning Fernando Torres for scratching Jan Vertonghen during a game between Spurs and Chelsea in September. The FA said they could not punish Torres because one of the officials saw the incident.
Video footage of Riether stamping on Januzaj appears to show referee Lee Probert blowing his whistle after the incident, suggesting he may have witnessed it.
- More about:
- Referee


text:
This apartment of 102 m² has two bedrooms, one bathroom, open terrace and covered terrace. the apartment also has air conditioning, a storage room and a garden.
We can help you to get a mortgage on favourable terms. A residence permit can be obtained with the purchase of this property. Please ask our team for more information.


text:
Senior Business Analyst
BMINashville, TN
This was removed by the employer on 10/20/2016 8:12:00 AM PST
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Full Time Job
POSITION SUMMARY: Demonstrates highest level of business analyst expertise. Identifies process improvement opportunities and defines requirements for business applications that support BMI's internal operations and externally facing services. Works closely with business owners, executives, and the IT team to define requirements and will see them through to completion using the company's standard processes. Adds value by uniting the team around project objectives, process improvements, technical innovations, understanding essential details, and bringing the team together to reach outcomes. As needed, mentors other Business Analysts, or directly manages work activities within the department.
Essential Functions: which may be representative but not all inclusive of those commonly associated with this position.
• Lead current state and future state workshops; work with business owners to define project vision and scope, gather business requirements and document process flows
• Apply strong facilitation, communication, analytic and conflict management skills
• Assumes responsibility for leading more complex assignments
• Make recommendations for process improvements and organizational change
• Review epics and user stories from a strategic point of view with business owners to ensure objectives and expected outcomes are fully understood and clearly articulated
• Clarify any ambiguity in business requirements and process flows to ensure sufficient understanding by the technical team
• Remove any business related impediments identified by the team as required
• Participate in project estimating activities
• Participate in leadership discussions to support the BA Team and other departmental planning activities
• Provide guidance and mentoring to less skilled team members
• Provide clarity regarding business objectives and functional requirements during release and sprint iteration planning
• Own the development backlog of items intended for a release and drive prioritization discussions between business owners and IT
• Maintain project risk and issue trackers
• Track and report weekly status
• Assist QA with creating acceptance tests based on acceptance criteria
• Assist QA in conducting testing as needed
• Facilitate UAT testing with business owners
• Triage bugs and or defects discovered by QA during testing
• Participate in sprint demos and retrospectives
• Conduct user training sessions
• Participate in product launch and close out activities
Responsibilities include development of the following minimum deliverables by phase:
Request Development / Discovery
• Vision and scope statement
• Findings and recommendations regarding current and future state assessment; including justifications for project (i.e. expected business value to be delivered)
• Current state process flow and functional map
• Future state process flow and functional map
• Initial epics and user stories
• Conceptual data diagrams
• Stakeholder engagement plan
• Process flows/maps
• Updated (greater level of detail) epics and user stories
• Drive a group of users to determine a minimum viable/valuable product (MVP)
• Personas and use cases
• User experience requirements / UI/UX wireframes
• QA stories
• User guides and other training documentation
Education: Bachelor's Degree in related field; Computer Science, Information Technology, Business, or Math, or equivalent industry experience.
• Seven (7) years' experience as a Business Analyst (Business and Technology projects) or seven (7) years' of application development experience (SDLC)
• Four (4) years' experience in Business Process Management (BPM), Six Sigma and/or Lean methodologies; preferred
• Four (4) years' of Agile methodology experience; Scrum or Lean Kanban preferred
• Two (2) years' management experience
• Two (2) years' consulting experience preferred
Skills and Abilities: which may be representative but not all inclusive of those commonly associated with this position.
• Strong facilitation and persuasion skills
• Excellent relationship skills
• Excellent written and verbal communication skills
• Strong presentation skills (creating and delivering) with expertise in influencing change
• Excellent problem solving and critical thinking skills
• Business Process re-engineering/transformation expertise (facilitation and design mapping)
• Extensive Agile experience (Epics, User Stories, Acceptance criteria development and backlog management/grooming)
• Exceptional organizational skills, including ability to estimate timeframes and complete deliverables within established deadlines
• Balsamiq experience or wireframing experience
• Process mapping tools, e.g. Visio, BlueWorks Live or Lucid Charts skills
• Microsoft Office suite
• IBM Rational tool experience
• Agile toolkit experience preferred (e.g. Rally or JIRA Agile)
Machines, Tools, Equipment and Work Aids:
Personal computer and associated software. Normal office equipment.
License(s)/Certifications Required: None.


text:
Home ›
C.R. Avery
British Columbia
Photo credit:Jean-Philippe Riant
C.R. Avery has recorded more than 15 albums and has written and directed six hip hop operas, which have been mounted and performed from New York's Bowery to L.A.'s South Central. His work crosses many genres: blues, hip hop, spoken word and rock & roll. Whether performing for thousands at the Royal Albert Hall or for a lucky few at a packed speakeasy, he is a mesmerizing, raw and dynamic performer.
Appearing in events:


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> - - that looks like a nice iris. You wouldn't by any chance know
when it was introduced, would you?
Reading at lunch from the workplace. I can look it up tonight.
It's on the list of newly awarded AMs in the new Bulletin and is
from Schreiners, but can't remember the year. Someone else can
probably tell you faster, but if not I'll check it out.
Donald Eaves
Texas Zone 7b, USA
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- C$49 for an initial muscle- and joint-pain exam and consultation ($85 value) plus two pain treatments ($110 value; C$195 total value)
- C$65 for an initial muscle- and joint-pain exam and consultation plus three pain treatments ($165 value; C$250 total value)
Chronic Pain: Perpetual Discomfort
Chiropractors often work to remedy chronic pain. To learn the source of this common complaint—and a few strategies for tackling it—read on.
When your finger touches a hot stove, it's the pain that causes your brain to immediately pull your hand away from the burner. When you're sick, pain will let you know that you need medicine. But, unlike the beneficial warning system of acute pain, chronic pain doesn't pipe down once its message is received. Instead, it continues on, interfering with a person's mood and ability to function. There may have been an initial trigger for the pain, such as an infection or the week you decided to try sleeping upright, and there may even be an ongoing cause—arthritis, ear infection, stress—but it also can occur seemingly out of the blue. Such pain most commonly takes the form of headaches, lower-back pain, and joint discomfort, but can affect any part of the body. The 2011 report Relieving Pain in America noted that roughly 100 million adults suffered from chronic pain in the U.S. alone.
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text:
Members of the Burl Creek Thimble Club, a quilting circle in small-town Alpine, Washington, are planning a fete to welcome back Genevieve Bayard, who left the group, and Alpine, decades ago. But Gens homecoming is cut decidedly short when she dies at a dinner party. Emma Lord, owner and publisher of the local newspaper, The Alpine Advocate, immediately arrives on the scene to report the incident and sleuth her way to the truth.
Though it appears that Gen wasnt adored by everyone in the Alpine community, her untimely death still comes as a shock. To help solve the mystery, Emma turns to Vida Runkel, the Advocates trusty House & Home editor. Such a notorious story would normally have Vida chomping at the bit, but to Emmas surprise Vida is hesitant, even downright unwilling to get involved.
The demise of Genevieve Bayard, however, isnt the only crime in Alpine. There has been a rash of burglaries, including at Emmas own cozy log cabin. Are the break-ins and the murder connected? As Emma digs, she uncovers a shocking scandal that may point the finger of guilt at one of her nearest and dearest . . . while single-handedly changing the history of Alpine itself.
Click to the right or left of the sample to turn the page.
(If no book jacket appears in a few seconds, then we don't have an excerpt of this book or your browser is unable to display it)
"Daheim sympathetically portrays the small mountain town and its denizens, particularly Emma and her brother, Ben, a priest who's serving as St. Mildred's interim rector." - PW
"Daheim fans will welcome another encounter with the ever-enchanting Emma." - Booklist
"Cosy mystery...amiably captures the rhythms and crosscurrents of small-town life, even though Alpine sometimes seems overwhelmed by its enormous cast.' - Kirkus Reviews
The information about The Alpine Quilt shown above was first featured in "The BookBrowse Review" - BookBrowse's online-magazine that keeps our members abreast of notable and high-profile books publishing in the coming weeks. In most cases, the reviews are necessarily limited to those that were available to us ahead of publication. If you are the publisher or author of this book and feel that the reviews shown do not properly reflect the range of media opinion now available, please send us a message with the mainstream media reviews that you would like to see added.
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Seattle native Mary Richardson Daheim
has been fascinated by story-telling since early childhood. She first listened,
then read, and finally began to write her own fiction when she was ten. A
journalism major at the University of Washington, she was the first female
editor of The Daily where she attracted national attention with her
editorial stance against bigotry.
After getting her B.A., she worked in newspapers and public relations, but in her spare time she tried her hand at novels. In 1983, Daheims first historical romance was published, followed by a half-dozen more before she switched genres to her original fictional love, mysteries, in 1991. Just Desserts and Fowl Prey, the first books in the Bed-and-Breakfast series were released in 1991. A year later...
Become a Member and discover books that entertain, engage & enlighten!
The Chalk Pit:
A Ruth Galloway Mystery
A string of murders takes Ruth underground in the newest book in the series.
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DCUO Freezing after new update.
2 replies 383 views Edited Mar 27, 2012
I DL'd the new update and now my game freezes at the character selection screen. I tried cleaning the game (no scratches, smudges, etc.). I tried resetting the system and nothing. Then I tried another game, just to see if it was the PS3 and the game worked fine with no problem. I was just playing DCUO last night with no problems and now it's all messed up because I DL'd the new update. What's up with that? Anyone else having that problem?
First Son
Registered: 12/23/2008
1 posts
Re: DCUO Freezing after new update.
Jun 5, 2012
i had similar problems but it freezes during the loading period for entering instances, raids or PvP events. it's pretty upsetting. and it's really fuckin pissing me off.
First Son
Registered: 05/09/2013
1 posts


text:
Reviewed By Brent D (STATESVILLE, NC) Reviewed for a 2000 Toyota 4Runner —5/20/2017 11:30 AM
Mounts were perfect for mounting my ARB awning to my custom roof rack. Would recommend for any awning application.
Reviewed By John L (LA CRESCENTA, CA) Reviewed for a 2012 Nissan Xterra —5/18/2017 12:29 PM
Although ARB awnings don't come with universal mounting brackets included, once you find an appropriate mounting plate solution for your specific vehicle, installation is a breeze. The build quality is top notch, as is most ARB products, however ARB could have used a better packing method at each end of the cardboard tube it is shipped in. I am looking forward to taking this out on a real world test soon, and maybe purchase a few add-on accessories to accompany the ARB 2000 awning as well.


text:
I've been using the Intuition razors since shortly after they first came out in stores. I really like the moisture bar that surrounds the blades -- every variety is comfortable on my sensitive skin. The blades themselves also do a very good job of shaving, though my hair is quite fine to begin with. My only complaint is that the moisture bar tends to wear down unevenly, leaving me with nothing on the bottomwhile plenty remains on top. This makes things uncomfortable unless I add in a shaving cream of some sort. Otherwise, it's great.
A friend of mine recommended the Schick Intuition razor to me a while ago and I have since recommended it to my sisters and friends as well! I love it because it's a two in one product and there is no need for shaving cream. It's great to travel with because it lathers and shaves all in one simple step! I've been using it for years now and I love the variety of smells and formulations. I highly recommend this product!
These reviews are the subjective opinions of ChickAdvisor members and not of ChickAdvisor Inc.