text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
CAAT Club and Amusement Technologies66 Buckingham ST Internet Australia
CAAT Club and Amusement Technologies CAAT Paul VambucaCAAT Club and Amusement Technology Sales rip off. Lier Canberra Internet
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Paul is a smooth talker and con man. Beware Snake! He doesn't deliver what he promises and lies the whole way through. But he got the money.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 03/12/2014 11:47 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/caat-club-and-amusement-technologies/internet/caat-club-and-amusement-technologies-caat-paul-vambucacaat-club-and-amusement-technology-1130361. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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#1 Author of original report
Snake keeps slithering
SUBMITTED: Thursday, August 07, 2014POSTED: Thursday, August 07, 2014
Still scratching for excuses! On discovering that 4 of the lights were incorrect and unusable. I asked the Snake if he had a 'Martin interface'. This device would at least make the 4 lights I didn't want, usable. He said he had two. He took 6 months to send them. But they were'nt 'Martin Interfaces'. They were Martin controllers. He still doesn't understand what a 'Martin interface' is. And thinks a "Dongle" worth over a $1000 has something to do with it. After a year of phone calls and wasted effort I suggested he refund half the money. As half of the lights were useless and not what I payed for. But it just doesn't seep in. Slither away snake. The lion is the king of the jungle. I'm tired of roaring at you Snake.
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#2 REBUTTAL Owner of company
Private eBay sale nothing to do with club & Amusment technologies
SUBMITTED: Thursday, August 07, 2014POSTED: Thursday, August 07, 2014
one of the excuse the buyer has made regrads to listing this matter was late delivery. Though he asked for the items to be held buy the seller till he found new accommodation that was agreed to though when he was ready to have the goods sent to home .. Witch turns out to be a storage company.. I was working out of state so he had to wait till my return for shipping . But he still could have raised the mater with eBay or PayPal if he was conserned at the time . This was never done.
it seems no matter how much he was helped out he was going to do this . A point I did not mention in my previous statement was after he revived the Martin controllers he demanded a $200 payment as well or he would fix me?? for not giving him a light jocky controller werth over $1100.00.... as I sent him "at my expense" the correct controler for the lights he purchased i thought that would be the correct thing to do at the time.
But no he listed this report as you can see by the way he addresses me in his reports this man was out to destroy my reputation with no compassion he has not followed any rules:
not followed eBay procedures
not listed an event though PayPal
not followed the rules of filing a ripoff report
i took the items to a fright company to save the buyer some shipping charges. The fright company re packed the lights not me . Additionally I covers the fee for them to be repacked in Canberra as the fright company wanted to put them on a single palet.
So to me the buyer has became an extortionist.. Hash . Not following any reason . And has little understand of the outcomes he has started.
this has nothing to do with Club and Amusment technologies and this listing should be removed. if not all the pursonal details of the buyer should be listed or made available to me .. I will arrange a court date and we can let a judg finalise the matter.
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#3 Author of original report
Answer to Snakes excuses
SUBMITTED: Thursday, August 07, 2014POSTED: Thursday, August 07, 2014
4 of the lights were the wrong type. Not 2. Even 2 wrong ones ARE a big deal.
Snake took so long to eventually send the items that the time limit to complain on ebay or paypal had expired. He did not wrap the mirrors as promised. They were damaged in transit. Then he side steped for months to avoid fixing the problem. SNAKE.
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#4 REBUTTAL Owner of company
victum of greedy man
SUBMITTED: Thursday, August 07, 2014POSTED: Thursday, August 07, 2014
this ripoff report was created after a ebay sale that was listed as Martin lighing 518 for parts but some worked.
the buyer had 2 avenues of complaint: first though ebay. the 2nd though Pay pal neither were contacted with any problem.
i did make a mistake not realising that 2 of the units were 218 martin light similar and the units were sold as parts so no big thing.
the buyer contacted me a little upset about 2 of the lights being 218 and i cut a deal with him that i would give him a lighting controller and he would be ok. now this was for 8 lights that sold for $400 the lot as parts, new 8 years ago they cost about $5000 each. i had to purchase the controler back off a customer that cost me $180.00 then posted it to adelaide $38, so there went half the purchase.
when the customer recieved the lighting controllers he didnt want the originals units sold with the martin 518 lights, it turns out he wanted a martin lightjocky dongle worth retail about $1500 you can get them off ebay for about $1100.
so he has a tanturm and listed this report it has lost me thousands in busness and is harsh and unfair.
to have the report lifted cost too much for a small busness and is harsh, you cant sue anyone as this site is in the USA.
the guy who listed this report used a Kenards self storage as his address so he is invisible and didnt follow any of the rules of listing this report so i end up with a tarnished name trying to make a honest living
please think twice before listing anything like this and if you know this spineless rat who listed this report please wake him up to how low an act like this is...
bottem line this was a private ebay sale ( NOTHING to do wit Club and Amusment Technologies ) of martin lighting as parts and there was no contact though or from EBAY or paypal that here was any problem.
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text:
Spectacular waterfalls, geothermal bathing and the northern lights - Iceland is a destination like no other. Rugged volcanic terrain sits alongside towering glaciers, and a geological fault marks the boundary between two continental tectonic plates, running right through the centre of the island. This is truly a land of fire and ice, as its legends and stories tell. From the capital Reykjavik you can reach any part of the island by car.
Quad biking, Jeep tours, glacier walking and visits to live volcanoes are on every itinerary, and Qatar Airways Holidays can help you create a truly unique experience in this strange and surreal land with a wide selection of accommodation, tours and activities.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Maclean: Oxford can succeed
New-boy Steven Maclean believes Oxford have got what it takes to make an impact in League Two this season.
Last Updated: 17/11/10 6:38pm
New-boy Steven Maclean believes Oxford have got what it takes to make an impact in League Two this season.
The striker, along with fellow loan signings Ben Futcher and Paul Wotton, arrived last week from Plymouth on a month's loan as manager Chris Wilder looked to freshen up his depleted squad.
Maclean made his debut in Saturday's 2-1 defeat at Rotherham, United's sixth in seven games, but, as he prepares to make his home debut against out-of-sorts Gillingham this weekend, he is backing the U's to turn things around.
"I have seen enough around the place now to know that we have the players and manager to do well. I have played at this level and know how tight it can get," he told the club's official website.
"A couple of wins pushes you right up the table so we can start that happening against Gillingham and then see where it takes us."
Defender Futcher added: "Everybody has been fantastic so far and there's a good atmosphere among the players, so if we can get a win fairly quickly I'm confident we can turn things around a bit and start pushing on."


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The condition of having been sucked in by a highly watchable movie while channel surfing or walking past a TV. Originally derived from The Shawshank Redemption.
Dude, I was in Best Buy getting a printer cable, and I got Shawshanked in the TV section for like 30 minutes by the first Matrix.
by JT Dizzle January 19, 2012
A slang phrase meaning to get forcefully screwed up the butt without lub (references the movie The Shaw Shank Redemption in which the main characted got "Shaw Shanked" in prison).
by flacker October 07, 2005
A term used to describe the general pain and suffering felt the next morning after a particularly rough night
Guy: hey man, you have a good one last night?
Guy2: yeah, but I feel utterly shawshanked this morning *bleurggh*
Guy: ....mate
Guy2: yeah, but I feel utterly shawshanked this morning *bleurggh*
Guy: ....mate
by Xyphious November 19, 2009
Shawshanked is a word that originated from the movie "The Shawshank Redemption" which refers to getting penetrated in the anus. Shawshanked can also be used the same way as the word owned!
by Santiago P. January 23, 2008
Cleveland Steamer Plush
The vengeful act of crapping on a lover's chest while they sleep.Buy the plush
"You're gonna swallow what I give you to swallow"
"I met some ugly bitch at the bar last night and totally shawshanked her"
"I met some ugly bitch at the bar last night and totally shawshanked her"
by Dufrane December 31, 2009
Any movie and/or t.v. Show that you get trapped into watching and can't stop. ie: Shawshanked redemption , band of brothers marathon, half baked, the Bourne identity
by Jerky griffith March 28, 2016


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Snow is a supertype with no inherent functionality. Instead, it serves as an identifying characteristic, and is closely tied to snow mana costs.
Snow appears on basic lands from Ice Age, and cards of multiple types in Coldsnap, and is referenced by cards in Alliances.
Description[edit | edit source]
Unlike other supertypes, like basic or world, but similar to the spell subtype arcane, snow does nothing other than to identify snow permanents. Instead, various effects reference snow permanents.[1][2]
Snow mana costs[edit | edit source]
Snow mana costs, represented by , can be paid by one mana produced by a snow permanent, regardless of that mana's type. However, this is a requirement of the cost itself. The mana produced by a snow permanent has no special properties, effects, or restrictions derived from the snow supertype, and except when considering snow mana costs, that mana is indistinguishable from any other mana of the same type.
History[edit | edit source]
Snow is a replacement for the supertype "Snow-Covered". Cards that were formerly snow-covered received Oracle updates upon the release of the Coldsnap expansion set.[3]
Rules[edit | edit source]
From the Comprehensive Rules (Amonkhet (April 28, 2017))
- 107.4h The snow mana symbol {S} represents one generic mana in a cost. This generic mana can be paid with one mana of any type produced by a snow permanent (see rule 205.4f). Effects that reduce the amount of generic mana you pay don't affect {S} costs. (There is no such thing as "snow mana"; "snow" is not a type of mana.)
From the Comprehensive Rules (Amonkhet (April 28, 2017))
- 205.4f Any permanent with the supertype "snow" is a snow permanent. Any permanent that doesn't have this supertype is a nonsnow permanent, regardless of its name.
Notes[edit | edit source]
- Rimefeather Owl has the ability to make permanents snow — that is, to give those permanents the supertype "snow" - with ice counters.[4]
- In the Gatecrash update of Gatherer the snow symbol received a slight redesign.[5]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Mark Rosewater. (June 26, 2006.) "There's No Business Like Snow Business", magicthegathering.com, Wizards of the Coast.
- ↑ Aaron Forsythe. (July 21, 2006.) "Snow Big Deal", magicthegathering.com, Wizards of the Coast.
- ↑ Aaron Forsythe. (July 7, 2006.) "A Walk Through the Cold", magicthegathering.com, Wizards of the Coast.
- ↑ Magic Arcana. (July 12, 2006.) "Snow from an Iceberg", magicthegathering.com, Wizards of the Coast.
- ↑ David Leavitt (February 26, 2013 ). Gatherer update introduces new snow mana symbol, points to reprints or new set, www.examiner.com
External link[edit | edit source]
- Matt Cavotta. (July 19, 2006.) "I Freeze, Therefore I Am", magicthegathering.com, Wizards of the Coast.


text: 14 photos $315,400 77 acres Prosperity, SC 29127 - Lexington County A855 77 Acres This is a beautiful tract that is waiting to be built on. It has a small stream, good timber, plenty of wildlife and good access roads. It is within 5 minutes of the interstate and in a beautiful rural setting. Mark McMillan Advance Land and Timber, LLC


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Best Reasons to Own Cooking Books
Best Reasons to Own Cooking Books from Overstock.com. Even with the internet, traditional cookbooks are still useful for casual and serious cooks alike.
lots of nice recipes in this book. gave it as a gift...
ITEM#: 14986111With over 60 delicious recipes and as many time-saving tips, Our Favorite Slow-Cooker Recipes cookbook features mouthwatering recipes like scalloped ham & potatoes, easy lasagna, yummy bbq chicken and country cherry cobbler. Comes in a convenient purse-perfect size that's perfect for taking along on the go.
|COOKING / Methods / Slow Cooking
|Publisher Date
|2013-01-16 00:00:00.0
|Gooseberry Patch
|Copyright Year
|6.0 in
|4.25 in
|0.75 in
|Unit weight
|0.34 lb
|Edition Detail
|Country of Origin
|United States
lots of nice recipes in this book. gave it as a giftRead More
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Learn about good books that will empower young girls, tweens and teens. Shop books for girls on Overstock.com.
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This date is subject to change. In order to assure you receive Overstock.com's low price on this item, your credit card will be charged upon order placement. The item will ship immediately upon release.
Items must be returned in new or unused condition and contain all original materials included with the shipment. More Details
FINAL SALE EXCLUSION: Items marked as FINAL SALE are not returnable unless the problem you experience is the result of our error.
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Our Favorite Slow-Cooker Recipes (Paperback)
Today: $8.82


text:
The Southeastern Conference announced on Monday that Auburn's game with Tennessee on Oct. 3 has been set for a 6:45 p.m. central time start on ESPN.
Auburn has played each of its first three games at night this season and will play this weekend against Ball State at 6 p.m. in a game that will be shown on Fox Sports Net.
In addition to the Auburn-Tennessee start at 6:45 on ESPN, the other SEC games that day that will be televised are Alabama at Kentucky (11:21 a.m. SEC Network), LSU at Georgia (2:30 p.m. CBS), Ole Miss at Vanderbilt (6 p.m. ESPNU), South Carolina State at South Carolina (6 p.m. ESPN Classic), Texas A&M at Arkansas (Arlington, TX) (6:30 p.m. ESPN2), and Georgia at Mississippi State (6:30 p.m. CSS).


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It's not a regular occurrence that you realize that you have to buy a replacement Door Lock Solenoid Actuator to repair your car or truck. Make no mistake, you didn't buy your 280 unless you wanted to buy long-lasting quality and dependability both rolled up into one car, truck, or SUV. Anyone who owns a Mercedes-Benz knows that when it comes to maintaining their automobile only the most superior replacement parts will do. The vehicle in your driveway symbolizes the best in class compared to all the other cars, trucks, and SUVs in today's marketplace.
On every car today, there are pieces of optional equipment and there are pieces of standard equipment. Your Mercedes-Benz 280 door lock solenoid actuators are ensure your power door locks are operating as they should. Because power door locks are now equipped on almost all vehicles, door lock solenoids will be found in virtually all doors on all cars and trucks. So make sure you can get in and out of your Mercedes-Benz 280 with ease and fix or replace your broken door lock solenoid actuator right away.
When your Mercedes-Benz requires a new replacement Door Lock Solenoid Actuator, there's no need to waste time looking anywhere other than the authority, Car Parts Discount. Given all the trouble that can be involved with repairing damage to your car or truck, let www.carpartsdiscount.com be the number one store you go to make purchasing it easy. At Car Parts Discount, we have live customer service members here with enough expertise to help you select the appropriate Mercedes-Benz 280 part for your needs. All the Mercedes-Benz 280 Door Lock Solenoid Actuator parts on this page will fit vehicles made in 1976, 1975, 1974, 1973. Choose your year below to refine your search.


text:
New friends, new enemies?
Within a couple of days, my journey from civilian to soldier was complete. I had left the recruitment office with a chit, signed by the one armed soldier, telling anyone who read it that I was to be enlisted in the Army, and that I was travelling under the King's instructions to the reception depot.
It was there that I along with hundreds of other young men, waited patiently in line, first to undergo a brief medical exam - "...Have you ever been ill boy? No Sir. Do you play sports? Yes Sir, cricket and rugby, and soccer Sir. That will be fine Perkins, send the next man in when you leave...".. and then to receive my uniform. The corporal behind the desk asked what size shoe I wore, but before I could answer, he had handed me a bundle of clothes, putting a pair of boots on top and was already looking to the next man.
I stood in what I would later learn is called the parade ground. But, to me at that point in time, it looked like the playground from my old school, minus the markings for hop-scotch on the floor.
A sergeant told us all to stand at attention. We did as we were bid....
"JUST WHAT THE JESUS, MARY AND JOSEPH DO YOU CALL THAT??? YOU THINK THAT IS ATTENTION??....." ….for the next hour, in the midday sun, we were called names of such vulgar profanity that one of the more timid looking men started to cry, which only singled him out for the sergeants special attentions. When we achieved what he deemed to be a passable acceptance of standing to attention, he started to separate us into groups of 30 men, and those 30 into groups of 10s. Suddenly, corporals were instructed to take a group of 10 and either beat, cajole, or instruct us in the ways of correct military wearing of uniforms.
"You, my lucky lot, have the good fortune to have been selected by myself, to become the finest soldiers that the king will ever know. But first of all, we can't have you looking like a mixture of dockers, farmhands, city folk, and what ever else you were before you signed yourselves into the Army. I am going for a smoke. When I come back in ohhhhhhhh, a generous five minutes, I want to see every man jack of you in uniform." ...and with that, he turned and slammed the door of the barrack hut.
We dressed in silence. Too shocked to say anything. The uniform was thick and heavy, the material scratchy and smelled of mothballs. The shirtsleeves reached down past my finger tips, the trousers were almost 3 sizes too big, but when I had climbed into everything, I thought I looked rather dashing. It was the boots that were the problem. They were a good 2 sizes too big. The man across the way from me, seemed to be having the same problems with his boots, but in reverse.
"Excuse me, Sir? Are your boots too small for you?"
"What if they are sport?"
"Well, mine are too big. I was wondering, if you would like to trade yours with me, to see if they fit?"
The man looked at me for a few seconds. He looked like my uncle Sid, but only harder, and my uncle Sid was the hardest man I knew.
"What's your name lad?"
"Alex. Alexander Perkins."
"...an' you're eighteen?"
"...No. I'm nineteen..."
"...lad, you should've said you're seventeen, then I may've believed you. My son's nineteen, an' you definitely aint nineteen. So. How old are you?"
The look in his eyes, made me realise that to lie would be foolish. Blushing, and trying to fight back tears, I confessed.
"I....I'll be sixteen in 3 months. But please, don't tell the sergeant, I want to fight for my country!"
"Don't worry lad, I wont say a word. It takes guts to do what you've done, join up like this. Pity, you don't realise what you've let yourself in for. But yes, I would like to see if your boots fit. Pass them over here, Mr Perkins who is nineteen. An' you can try mine on for size. My name's Alfred Roberts. You can call me Fred..."
He stuck out his hand, and it was as big as a ham joint. When he shook my hand, my entire arm bounced up and down.
The boots fitted, and when I had difficulty putting the webbing of the uniform on correctly, all the buckles and straps confusing me, it was Fred who helped me again.


text:
Secretly, I want you to read this...
A (collection of?) fictional diary entries. It's good practice for character empathy, so please feel free to add to it.
I remember one time, you showed me page 186 of your diary that you kept buried underneath the barbeque your dad had built on the grass when you were small. It read "I just long for his touch". You had kept telling me about this "boyfriend person thingy" but I was never 100% sure who it was, even though all signs pointed to me. The first time you met me I was drunk off my face. The first time I met you was in the morning. I awoke in the same building and you were sitting with Mack and Samantha in the living room. I'm still not sure why you wanted to make sure I was okay. I'm still not sure why you wanted to kiss me, either. All I know is that Mack said we liked each other from the start, and it all grew from there.
I kissed you in your house last night - our second kiss - after your brother told me to stop breaking your heart. That came as a bit of a shock to me, actually. I had no idea you had been in love with me the whole time. I'm sorry about that, and I'm sorry about everything else, too.
The problem is that you are always very indirect when you talk about love. I know it's true that I haven't done anything about the fact that you love me - every time it comes up, I just stroke your cheek and hold your hand and maybe wrestle you to the floor a bit - but despite your brother telling me how you have loved me from the beginning, I am never sure whether you've met someone else between our little encounters, who's "touch" you are longing for.
Anyway, I gave the diary back to you - not saying a word in case it wasn't about me - and you didn't explain the entry. You just buried the diary back under the barbeque and walked away.


text:
You are currently using an unsupported web browser.
We support the latest versions of these browsers:
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For any questions related to Cvent, feel free to contact our Customer Care team.
Welcome to The Jervois, an elegant boutique hotel apartment by National Properties, the developer of The Putman and 99 Bonham.
Located in Hong Kong's eclectic Sheung Wan District and next to its prestigious Central District, The Jervois features custom interiors and furnishin...
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text:
As a native Pearlander for over 46 years, I have watched Pearland grow into a very diverse and dynamic community. I graduated from Pearland High School in 1984, my daughter graduated in 2014. I am also raising son in the Pearland Independent School District. I'm very active in the PTO, and my sons sports. I attend church locally and I've served on a subcommittee for the Houston Livestock Show & Rodeo for over 20 years. I actively support Tails and Tunes, a fishing tournament that benefits such projects as "Wounded Warriors" project, "100 Club" "Military Moms of Brazoria County" I am on the Board of Directors of the Pearland Police Citizens Police Academy Alumni and serve on the Advisory Board for Keep Pearland Beautiful. I consider it a privilege and truly enjoy working with buyers and
sellers. Whether its selling your home or helping you purchase the home of your dreams. I will be there to assist you with every step.


text:
Up to 75% off publishers' prices
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If you have any comments to make (good or bad) about our website, about the books we offer or about the service we provide and/or would like to suggest areas of improvement, we would be very happy to hear from you.
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text:
PLEASE NOTE: You need to already have/purchase the SLink Mesh Hands and Feet in order to use these HUDs.
These items are available in our Marketplace store ONLY at the following link: rockCandy @ Marketplace
Fingernail & Toenail huds come with EACH purchase. Available on the Marketplace ONLY at the following link: https://marketplace.secondlife.com/stores/9141
More to come soon!! Happy Shopping!


text:
Russia unlikely to compete in Rio, European Athletics chief says
LONDON (Reuters) - European Athletics president Svein Arne Hansen does not expect Russia to return to international competition in time for next year's Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.
Russian athletes were banned indefinitely by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) after a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) report alleged widespread corruption and a state-sponsored drugs culture in a sporting superpower.
An IAAF inspection committee is due to visit Russia in January to oversee the country's reform process and ensure the criteria set out by the sport's ruling body are met.
The committee will report back to the IAAF Council at the earliest at its meeting in Cardiff, Wales, on March 27, less than five months before the Olympics.
"For the moment they have to fulfil the conditions, but I cannot really see them competing in Rio," Hansen, whose body includes Russia as a member federation, told Athletics Weekly magazine on Tuesday.
"They must have a cultural change. They must get rid of all those people from before."
European Athletics, which oversees the sport in Europe, works with the IAAF world governing body on doping and medical issues.
However, the organization will have no influence on the decision to reinstate Russia as an IAAF member, which will only be made on the recommendation of the world ruling body's inspection team.
Norwegian Hansen believes that Russia's Athletic Federation (ARAF), which has confirmed it will co-operate fully with the inspection team, will work hard to change the culture. Continued...


text:
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Thinking of selling/loading bulk salt in N. Dayton
Discussion in 'Networking' started by Maclawnco, Oct 20, 2011.


text:
Fundraising campaign by Jeff Baitinger
by Jeff Baitinger
Aurora, us
Donated of $300.00
0% Funded
Aurora, US
| Animals & Pets
Help us put together care packages for our troops and dogs fighting for us in the Middle East!
"How Can You Help?"
3 easy ways: Donate now, drop something off at one of our great 7 Chicagoland area stores or go to Amazon.com and choose an item from our 'Wish List'
We're looking for tough toys and treats for the dogs and snacks for our troops...
These dogs and troops risk their lives for us...I think they deserve a few treats and snacks, don't you?
Please help us reach out goal in putting together the Ultimate Care Packages for them and show them how much we appreciate everything they are doing for us!
Thank you again for all your support
P.S - Help us spread the word on Facebook!
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text:
When your BMW 525iT was born, it was destined for a person with discerning taste who values European styling in their automobile. You picked your 525iT because its sporty handling and German engineering struck a chord inside you; so why would you settle for second rate when it comes to superior quality auto parts? BMW car, truck, or SUV owners have become used to a certain level of a reputation for performance when driving their 525iT around town. It's not a regular occurrence that you realize that you have to buy a replacement Shock Absorber to fix your car or truck.
Our vehicle's suspensions would not be where they are today without the invention of some key components. Shock absorbers were one of the early 20th century's biggest innovations, and the comfort they brought to drivers was so impressive that all vehicles afterward, including yours, have benefited from them. Without your BMW 525iT shock absorbers, you would not have a comfortable ride. The shocks on your car or truck have a valve that creates hydraulic pressure inside the cylinder with every movement. This pressure forces a piston to compress a pocket of charged gas that resists and rebounds against it. This resistance is what absorbs vibration and impact. Today, many small vehicles have replaced their shock absorbers with strut and coil spring assemblies; but not your BMW 525iT.
Trust in the value of the parts you get from carpartsdiscount.com and realize incredible savings on all your upcoming repairs. Bring your 525iT back to life with the best repair parts from the experts at Car Parts Discount. Buying new BMW parts from www.carpartsdiscount.com means you are taking advantage of the absolute greatest original and aftermarket replacement 525iT parts on the internet. When it comes to BMW 525iT Shock Absorber parts, you can find them for 1993 models by clicking the appropriate year below.


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2012 National Unemployment Insurance Directors' Conference
This Event is completed
This Event is completed
2012-10-23 12:00 AM to 2012-10-25 04:30 PM
Peppermill Hotel in Reno, Nevada
United States
The mission of this conference is to enlighten State Workforce Agency UI Directors to enable them to give better customer service to the Unemployment Insurance recipient. The highlight of the conference is the presentation of new and innovative technologies by vendors. I am writing to invite you to be a part of this program to display your product for this national organization. The conference is expected to attract over 200 top level state and federal UI officials and staff, and it will focus on critical policy issues that state and federal officials are grappling with today. Please visit us in Booth #5.
Know more on this event.
Know more on this event.
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Alaska Airlines (NYSE:ALK), which operates mainly in the Pacific Northwest region and Alaska in the United States, remains highly susceptible to inclement weather conditions during the winter months. Such conditions result in increased costs associated with deicing of airplanes, cancelling of flights, re-accommodation of displaced passengers, and an overall decline in passenger traffic.
To counter this impact of seasonality on its business, the airline has increasingly focused on reallocating its capacity to vacation destinations in Hawaii from its hubs on the west coast during the winter months. This strategy has resulted in lower costs for the airline and improved passenger traffic for the carrier during the winter period.
We currently have a stock price estimate of $39.43 for the carrier, marginally lower than its current market price.
- Alaska Air Q1 Earnings Beat Despite Falling Short On Revenues
- What Can We Expect From Alaska Air's Q1 Earnings?
- How Did Alaska Air Perform Operationally In February?
- Why Have We Revised Alaska Air's Price Estimate To $98 Per Share?
- How Did Alaska Air Perform Operationally In January?
- Alaska Air Higher After Impressive Performance In Q4'16
See our complete analysis of Alaska Air Group here
In 2011, nearly 23% of total passenger traffic for the carrier came from the Pacific Northwest region and the state of Alaska. [1] Severe weather conditions in these regions for three to four months a year take a significant toll on the passenger traffic for the carrier. As a result, beginning in November, the carrier shifts a certain portion of its capacity from these regions to vacation destinations in Hawaii. So far, this year, the carrier has announced flights from Portland to Kauai that started on November 5, from Bellingham to Maui that started on November 8, and from Anchorage to Kona that starts on November 10. [2]
Over the past three years, Alaska has nearly doubled its capacity on routes connecting Hawaii. As a percentage of its total capacity, capacity on Hawaii routes increased from 7% in 2009 to 16% in 2011 while on Alaska routes it declined from 20% to 18% over the same period. [1] This redeployment of aircraft in the network from Alaska and Pacific Northwest region to Hawaii routes during the winter months has reduced the impact of seasonality and added to growth in top-line and margins for the carrier.
Understand How a Company's Products Impact its Stock Price at TrefisNotes:
- 2011 10-K, www.alaskaair.com [↩] [↩]
- Alaska Airlines Begins Three New Routes Linking Hawaii and the West Coast, November 5 2012, www.alaskaair.com [↩]


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Subaru Pacific Is Proud To Sponsor the Hermosa Beach Concert Series!
Hermosa Beach Summer Concert Lineup:
- 8/7 Brett Dennen & Guests
- 8/14 Venice & special guests
- 8/21 Robby Krieger of the Doors
- 8/27 Moustache Harbor & Zeal
Are you interested in watching some classic movies and hearing some excellent music this summer? Head out and enjoy the Hermosa Beach Summer Concerts, happening on Saturdays and Sundays, in August for free movies and a free concert series produced by Saint Rocke, presented by Subaru Pacific.
If you're interested in checking out the free movies, you can enjoy one every Saturday on the south side of the Hermosa Pier, on the sand. Attendance is free, spaces on the beach are first-come, first-serve and the movies start promptly at 7:30 p.m. Enjoy watching some classic films such as Indiana Jones: Raiders of the Lost Ark, The Goonies and Top Gun all month long.
Enjoy the summer concert series, located in the same area of the Hermosa Pier, every Sunday throughout the month of August. The concerts include an impressive lineup of various artists and groups, including Robby Krieger of The Doors, and begin at 4:30 p.m. Admission to this summer concert series is free, but space on the beach is limited, so head over before it gets too crowded. There will be an opening band and a DJ that perform before the headlining band each week, and music will continue until the sun sets. Find the bands you're interested in seeing and be sure to mark the date on your calendar!
Our Subaru dealership in Torrance, CA, has always considered community involvement a top priority. We're glad to be a full sponsor of the Hermosa Beach Summer Concerts and hope that you enjoy yourself during one of the last months of the season. Be sure to stop by and take advantage of the free summer fun!


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My source in Bulgaria has checked in with some more information for us. He's reporting that an actress named Nan Yu has joined the cast and her character's name will be Maggie. Her supporting role should be rather substantial as it's believed she is shooting in both Bulgaria and China and will be filming scenes with Jet Li and his stunt double. I'll update you when I learn more!!
My source is also reporting that Arnold Schwarzenegger will shoot his part in 4 days, Bruce Willis in 5 days and Chuck Norris in 3 days. This I'm sure is subject to change but it does give us a better idea and update on how long they will be around. He still hasn't seen Mickey Rourke on set but actors are still arriving so we can't read too much into that just yet.


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Sin and forgiveness
Sin is one of the principal concepts of the Bible. Simply stated sin is the falling away of the heart from God. Every person has a conscience and some kind of an understanding of right and wrong. The voice of the conscience however is corrupted if it is not joined to God's Word. Knowledge of, and reverence for God's Word has dimmed in our time, and with it people's concept of right and wrong of sin has dimmed. If the teaching about sin ceases, man's awareness of his need for God's grace also ceases. -(LLC Position Statement, Section 2 Item 3)
In the above statement we see the importance of the constant reminders we all need regarding sin, how it affects our lives, and most importantly how it affects our relationship with God the Father, and our creator. In today's society it seems that the teachings of the Bible, especially its teachings about sin, and how we should live our lives are not seriously considered by many people. We see all around us the increasing number of marriages ending in divorce, the sexual relations outside the covenant of marriage, the ever increasing acceptance of "alternative" lifestyles, and the popular "party" lifestyle that is lived by many around us. These all seem to be so common and accepted in our society that it would seem wrong for anyone to comment, question, or preach about.
However God's Word instructs us that these sins, along with all the other sins that we do, are not acceptable to God (read Rom.ch1:21-32). In Apostle Paul's letter to Timothy we are instructed how God's grace teaches us that we should deny ungodliness and worldly lusts, and we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world (Titus 1:11-12). Some denominations of the Christian faith seem to overlook sin and erringly teach that God's great love toward people will cover the sin that we commit in our lives as long as we believe and confess that Christ suffered and died for our sins. In other words it seems that people want to feel accepted by God's great love, but do not want God involved in their everyday lifestyles. There also is a growing belief today that mankind and its ever increasing knowledge and wisdom doesn't need to take the Bible and its teachings literally. Perhaps it is believed that the Bible had its proper place in times past, but doesn't need to be taken seriously in today's "enlightened" times. Even in our school systems today our children are sometimes taught that we must accept all lifestyles regardless of what they are, and if we don't we are being judgmental and/or unloving.
The understanding of what God's love is seems to be distorted by many today. God's love is made manifest when through his kingdom, sin is preached as sin, not in a judgmental way, but in loving admonishment so that someone living in sin could realize what their condition is before God and seek repentance for their sins. Jesus preached to all that would listen to his loving reminder: "Repent: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand" (Matt. 4:17). This is the same message that sounds from God's kingdom today, to any seeking person that feels the burden of sin on their conscience. The message of the gospel (the forgiveness of sins) is still freely preached from God's kingdom today, from one pardoned sinner to one penitent sinner who is seeking the peace of God in their own heart. Jesus also encourages those who are living in darkness to "seek ye first the kingdom of God, and its righteousness; and all these things will be added unto you". (Matt. 6:33)
When a person receives the grace of repentance by hearing and believing the gospel preached from God's kingdom, then a person can truly be freed from the bonds of sin. Then a person has a desire to lead a godly lifestyle guided by the Holy Spirit that dwells in the kingdom of God.


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text: Talkies 07.15.06 - 9:00am By import Saturday Morning Talkies – July 15, 2006 ListenDownload Valerie Plame strikes back! She's suing Dick and Karl and the boys who exposed her. PLUS: New Orleans, 11 months after Katrina: still a disaster zone. Prof. Bill Quigley joins us from New Orleans. With host Kris Welch.


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We help Entrepreneurs name and define their core values and combine those with their expertise to craft their most powerful business direction, action plans, and marketing language.
Mailing Address:
P.O. Box 33848
San Diego, CA 92163
Office: 619-296-4543
Email: email@example.com
Information provided on this website, and in the printed GSDBA Directory is being provided voluntarily by the members listed. The GSDBA takes no responsibility for the accuracy of a listing, nor guarantees any services by our members. Inclusion of an individual or a company does not imply endorsement of its services, nor does exclusion reflect on any organization's contribution to the community. Copyright © 2016. All Rights Reserved. Site provided by MicroNet - powered by ChamberMaster software.


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|7 Nächte
3 Schlafzimmer, 2 Bad Ferienhaus am Wasser am Bayou Malini entfernt. Ideale Lage nur wenige Minuten Bootsfahrt von der Bucht. Große Veranda mit herrlichem Blick auf den Sonnenuntergang. Das Haus hat eine große Einfahrt und ist ideal für Gruppen. Viele Hof und private Anlegestelle entlang der Uferpromenade. Küche, Wohnzimmer, Esszimmer, einem Kingsize-Schlafzimmer, Waschküche und Bad im ersten Stock. König Schlafzimmer, großes Bad, und ein zweites Schlafzimmer mit zwei Queen-Betten und einem Einzelbett im zweiten Stock.
We had a great time. The house was great and we had everything we needed. We had a boat and fished the bay and canals. Fishing right at the dock was great. Very comfortable house, loved sitting out on the porch in the mornings. Would definitely recommend and stay again.
A very restful place to stay. This is our second time to stay there and we just love it. It's quiet and peaceful and we enjoyed breakfast on the deck, seeing fish jump in and out of the water, birds flying, a few boats out. We hope to visit again soon. The house was clean and well-maintained. Pass Christian is a great place to shop and to eat. We enjoyed going over the bridge to Bay St. Louis to several stores and also The Blind Tiger is a good place to eat. I recommend this property to anyone that wants to get away for a restful vacation
This is our favorite vacation spot! Stayed here for annual vacation in '15 and came back for '16 because it meets ALL our needs perfectly. The live oak which shades the dock most of the day is a calling card that draws us as much as the beautiful location, spacious property, and the nice owner. The canal provides all the fishing pleasure we want; we caught a variety including a really huge one that was very exciting and unexpected.
We stayed a week at this beautiful home on the Bayou. The decor was excellent, the sunsets were beautiful
The house is far more spacious than the pictures show. We had family and friends and made lots of great memories.....we would love to return return next year.
My wife and I recently vacationed at our favorite place to date on our MS gulf coast. This house literally had it all with more added! Spacious, windows everywhere, decor that says "Welcome to your vacation/rest paradise" and views that make you smile. Completely equipped kitchen, open floor plan, large bedrooms, and a beautiful master bath--even the towels provided a vacation flair! Great fishing off the backyard dock which is shaded by a large live oak during the heat of the day. Two nice patios, an elevator that really saved the day moving in as well as out, we can't say enough. The appearance of the outside shows a bit of age and wear, but is totally compensated for by the updated, well appointed interior. Even the location was quite convenient to places we wanted to go. We are very happy with our choice and hope to stay here again.
This rental is perfect for a large group that wants to enjoy the Mississippi Gulf coast. The property is located on and has a great view of Bayou Malini, just a short boat ride from Bay St. Louis. We had a few windy days that kept us off the big water, and on those days we fished the bayou and caught redfish, trout and flounder. There are plenty of restaurants and places to shop nearby if the fish aren't biting. The house is just as pictured in the description and it is equipped with all the comforts of home. I would highly recommend it to anyone without hesitation.
|Minimum Preis
|Zusätzliche Nächte
|pro Nacht am Wochenende
|pro Woche
|pro Monat
7 Nächte Mindestaufenthalt
1.238 €
für 7 Nächte
1.238 €
|90,87 €
|91,79 €


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Added on 09-Mar-2005
79 of figure , which changed run of history In Polish edition Newsweek from day 07. 03. 2005 is addition (79 of figure , which changed run of history) and in him half of page about Freddie Mercury and his deaths on AIDS plus photo from Wembley. See page59(down on site):http://newsweek.redakcja.pl/archiwum/spis.asp?Index=231
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Lincoln County Animal Shelter
Lincoln County Animal Shelter, Stanford, Ky
Our Adoptable Pet List
Click Here To See Our Happy Tails!
Our Featured Pet... Our featured pet is always the black dogs! They get overlooked by so many. News This website is managed and maintained by a volunteer organization. We are not employed at the Lincoln Co. Animal Shelter but handle all non-local placement of animals. Available pets will be updated weekly. If you would like to visit the shelter their hours are 10:00am-2:00pm Mon.-Fri. and 10:00am-12:00pm Sat. If you are not local please do not call the Lincoln Co. Animal Shelter. If you are interested in an adoptable pet please contact us only by e-mail at: email@example.com> Who We Are This website was created for the benefit of the animals at the Lincoln County Animal Shelter. Our goal is to increase the number of animals adopted and rescued from this rural county shelter.
Adopting a friend
ADOPTION FEES: Male Dogs- $60 Female Dogs- $70 Male Cats- $40.00 Female Cats- $50.00 Adoption includes spay\neuter surgery, rabies vaccine, and Lincoln County dog license. All animals are required to be spayed\neutered. All potential adopters must complete an adoption application. Please e-mail for more information on any of our adoptable pets and for a copy of the application. Can't Adopt? How about sponsorship? We are always in need of donations to help with medical bills. If you would like to donate for the animals rescued from the Lincoln Co. Animal Shelter please contact us and we will give you the contact information to donate directly to the vet clinic where services for these animals are provided or through a chip in link provided by United Rescues of Kentucky. Rescue Groups This shelter is very rescue friendly! If you have not worked with us previously, we require the following information: Vet reference(s), brief statement about spay/neuter policies, and list at least two other shelters that you have worked with and their contact person. We may also require that any new rescues complete and submit a rescue application. TRANSPORTATION MUST BE ARRANGED BY THE RECEIVING RESCUE. LOCAL BOARDING IS AVAILABLE UNTIL TRANSPORT CAN BE ARRANGED AND ROUTINE VETTING IS AVAILABLE AT A DISCOUNTED RATE FOR RESCUES. WE WILL DO OUR BEST IN FINDING A FOSTER HOME ON OUR END FOR THE DOG UNTIL IT IS ABLE TO TRANSPORT TO THE RECEIVING RESCUE. Lincoln County Animal Shelter Stanford, KY 40484 Email : email@example.com


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This index tracks all the Shariah-compliant large-cap U.S. companies from the broader Russell 1000 index. The fund uses screens to eliminate stocks that are overly indebted and those that earn more than 5% of revenues from prohibited activities – such as alcohol, tobacco, gambling, weapons manufacturing and adult entertainment.
As of


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Indoor moth
Observed: 10th September 2011 By: jeremyr
Added: 2nd February 2012
delighted to find this small striking (micro?) moth sheltering in my room - pink on abdomen, impressive antlers
Other observations of Black Arches (Lymantria monacha)
Species with which Black Arches (Lymantria monacha) interacts
Nun moth
interestingly just about every other country but the UK calls this species the Nun moth (or equivalent in their local language) from the species name monacha which is Latin for nun
Apparently because the black and white colouration is suggestive of a nun's habit. Must admit I don't tend to associate nuns with striking black and white zig-zags with flashes of pink, put perhaps the namers of these moths had more interesting nuns that we get these days.
David Howdon


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Capture the historic spirit of Salem's yesteryear on this award winning,...
Capture the historic spirit of Salem's yesteryear on this award winning, daily, 90-minute walking tour. Hear stories of intriguing people, discover the truth about Salem's infamous Witch Trial Hysteria, experience the authentic story of Salem's most notorious murder, and find out what locations were used in the movie Hocus Pocus.
More than fifteen stops dot the tour route, including Salem's old jail -- a one-time residence for the Boston Strangler, the site of the Old Witch Gaol (prison), the Witch Trial Memorial, the field where Giles Corey was pressed to death, and the cemetery where a Witch Trial magistrate is buried.


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Econo Lodge
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- Continental Breakfast
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Swimming pool
- Smoking rooms available
- Refrigerator in room
- Indoor pool
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TripAdvisor Reviews Econo Lodge Wooster
Travel Blogs from Wooster
#65 Birthday, #35 Anniversary to Vegas & Beyond!
... past and they were just great...2 were fairly new! We'll see if all is as we remembered.
I probably will not post anything more till we arrive in Laughlin, NV on the 15th. You all stay safe & stay well & we'll "talk" with you later!
Many Hugs,
Day 28 - Amish in Holmes County
The night at the farm is pitch-dark in that area - naturally, because there are no street lights or house lights anywhere around.
Stumping noises of the horses right underneath our bedroom wake us up - yes, our room is right above the horse stable. Our host had provided us with fresh cow milk, self-made rice crispy and oat cereal - yummy! We take it really ...
Airplanes, Cheese Donuts and Classic Cars
... One touching story was the background behind Lee Kissler's famous painting, The Hand. Lee was a WWII prisoner-of-war at Stalag XVII-B. To see the artwork and story, click here.
We sat in a Goodyear blimp gondola while Bob explained the difference between a blimp and a zeppelin (A blimp is ...
Day 41-'Is thatyouraccent?!'
... steep hills and rollers. 2nd SAG stop Michelle treated us to pie. Blackberry pie. Marked her down for lack of ice cream.
At 83 miles stopped for lunch in Hayesville with Dave and Vern. The waitress took our orders and giggled as I ordered then asked, 'is that really your voice?!'. I mean I've had the frequent comments that people love my accent but my ...
Arrived Safe and Sound and very Proud!!
I arrived in Canton Thursday night at 7PM! ( it took awhile to unwind and post this bit) It was great fun and quite an adventure. 1409.4 Miles door to door 21.42 hours driving 9:00 AM Tuesday left Miami 7:00 PM Thursday arrived in Canton 14 Superchargers ( approximately 100 miles apart ) Car charges to a range of 250 ...


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Saturday, April 4, 2015
Blessings, Easter 2015
11 comments:
Beautiful eggs and you worked so hard on them. At least they had fun smashing them om each others head.ReplyDelete
I like the plastic ones and then you can put pennies, and candy in them and if you can't find them at, at least they won't smell.
Have a very Blessed Easter.
Love this...the eggs and the anecdote!
Bonne Paques to you from Provence...
wishing you a very Happy Easter xReplyDelete
Those are great looking! Wishing you a blessed and Happy Easter with your family pretty lady:)ReplyDelete
Those eggs are so beautiful.ReplyDelete
HAPPY EASTER!ReplyDelete
Oh,my Goodness! This looks SOoooooo pretty and especially those tradition to make egs one big surprise,when you grand children's were to play!!!......ReplyDelete
Have a very beautiful Easter:)))
Much love,
Wishing you a lovely Easter!ReplyDelete
Hope you had a great easter!ReplyDelete
Sounds to me like those beautifully decorated eggs were a 'smashing' success! Happy Easter, my friend! Hugs, JackieReplyDelete
Such gorgeous eggs! Good for you about being so gracious with their smashing them. I would have cried a little inside! :)ReplyDelete
Thank you so much for your wonderful comments, each of them mean so much to me. After all, the interaction is the reason we blog. xx's


text: Headaches and Migraines Should I Go to the Emergency Room for a Headache? Share Pin Email Headaches and Migraines Treatment Basics Migraine Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Understanding Migraines Updated April 06, 2016 When should you go to the Emergency Room for a headache? It's a good question to ask. This is what to consider. Up Next Up Next Video What Are Secondary Headaches? Up Next Video Are Migraines Dangerous? Up Next Video What Are Primary Headaches? Up Next Video Why Do You Get Headaches?


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Both sides of parliament have agreed to refer the former Labor MP Craig Thomson to the privileges committee to investigate whether he misled the lower house when he protested his innocence over misuse of union funds.
Last week, Thomson was found guilty of dishonesty offences over the misuse of his Health Services Union (HSU) credit cards to pay for escorts.
The manager of government business, Christopher Pyne, moved a motion on Monday asking the privileges committee to consider the findings of the Melbourne magistrates court.
The panel would examine whether Thomson "deliberately misled the house" in a tearful speech to the chamber on 21 May, 2012.
Pyne said many members of parliament would now regard Thomson's speech as "fantastic". He said Thomson had named several members of the public during the address.
Pyne said MPs were able to make comments under parliamentary privilege and avoid defamation proceedings, but this came with an important responsibility to tell the truth.
"For parliamentary privilege to mean anything it needs to be protected and enhanced," he said, calling on all sides of parliament to back the referral.
Labor voiced its support. The leader of opposition business, Tony Burke, said the matter was referred unanimously to the privileges committee during the previous parliament.
"As we supported it in the last parliament, we support the reference in this parliament," he said.
The speaker, Bronwyn Bishop, made the issue a priority shortly after question time on Monday. Karen McNamara, the Liberal MP who defeated Thomson in the New South Wales seat of Dobell in September, had raised "as a matter of privilege" the question of whether the former member misled the house.
Bishop said the matter was referred to the privileges committee during the last parliament but was suspended pending the resolution of the criminal charges. That inquiry lapsed on the dissolution of the house before the last election, she said.
During question time, Pyne sought to intensify pressure on Labor over its handling of the Thomson allegations, saying the HSU had given $1.2m to the Labor party between 2007 and last year.
He said the Fair Work Commission had found that $267,721 of HSU members' money was used in the Dobell campaign to elect Thomson. Pyne said the opposition leader, Bill Shorten, would order his party to repay the $267,721 if genuine about standing up for workers.
Pyne said: "Is he on the side of the worker or is he on the side of dodgy union officials? Can he rise above his background?"
The government has been running hard on allegations of union corruption, launching a royal commission into misconduct claims and seeking to put pressure on Labor to support the reintroduction of the Australian Building and Construction Commission. Labor has argued the government is motivated by politics and that the police are best placed to investigate alleged crimes.
The Liberal senator Concetta Fierravanti-Wells is understood to be pushing for the release of Fair Work Commission source documents relating to Thomson which were considered by a Senate committee during the last parliament.
A spokeswoman said Fierravanti-Wells "would look to pursue this matter through the appropriate channels".


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While the semester and my official learning experience through a farming internship are almost technically over, I am far from finished, and I don't plan to stop learning for quite some time. That's counterproductive to my nature. As life breathes through my veins, learning will continue wherever I am in the world, whether at another university, another country, or another farm and intentional community. All of the above is about to happen. As I have grown and learned from everything and everyone, this is my destiny.
For the first time in a while, Monday was too wet to work on the farm. It rained most of the night and the previous weekend so the solution in times like this is to take my previous skills that relate to farming and food sustainability and use them to benefit the farm. Back when I began interning at Full Life Farm, I mentioned my love of fermentation and home made bread using sourdough starter, and Paul mentioned the excess wheat berries that he has. So I took those skills and the experience from the previous bread I made a few weeks ago and improved on the recipe and the baking. It came out beautifully and Paul loved it. He also received another big bag of wheat berries so there will be more bread to make soon and there may even be a regular supply of wheat berries for the farmers' market.


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|Felix Knecht <fel...@apache.org>
|Re: [Studio] Validation of server configuration against schema
|Mon, 09 Mar 2009 01:34:42 GMT
Emmanuel Lecharny schrieb: > On Mon, Mar 9, 2009 at 1:05 AM, Felix Knecht <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: >> Hi all >> >> We have various default-server configurations [1] and also generated schemas >> which should fit. I'm simply not able to do a valid validation of one of the >> default-server configuration using the corresponding schema. Neither in self >> written java code nor using any tools ... >> Has anybody more luck or is this a problem or must it not validate (if so >> what's the reason to create the schemas)? > > The schema are self-generated by xbeans. Maybe the generation is not correct ? I can find very, very rare docs about the maven-xbean-plugin and it's usage! Looking at the code I guess this is what's going on for classes have the marker "* @org.apache.xbean.XBean" - Setters should (!?) be marked with "* @org.apache.xbean.XBean" - Getters may have no specific marker (but can like property), but are taken for schema generation - Other methods ... ?
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By Michael Berg NSCA CPT | July 29, 2014
The muscles of the chest are best targeted in one of two ways when it comes to weight training — via a press, where the arms are actively involved at the elbow joint in assisting the pectorals to move maximum tonnage, or a flye, where you keep your elbows in a fixed position while flexing and extending the pectorals. Want a better chest? You'll need to do both. For the latter, arguably the best flye of all is the incline dumbbell version, which targets the harder-to-develop upper pectorals.
Muscles Worked: The pectoralis major is the primary muscle in action during flyes, while the triceps are relegated to a stabilizer role.
Starting Position: Adjust a bench so that the incline is 30 to 45 degrees — higher inclines bring more of the front delt into play, which is also the case with incline presses. Lie face up on the bench with your feet flat on the floor for balance, pressing the dumbbells into position directly above your upper chest, arms just slightly bent and palms facing each other in a "neutral" grip style. The dumbbells can be touching each other to start.
Action: Maintaining that same slight bend in your elbows throughout, slowly lower the dumbbells in an arc out to the sides. Get a nice stretch at the bottom, stopping at the point your elbows drop a little below the level of your chest and the weights are about parallel with your pecs. From there, contract through your pecs to bring your arms back up to the start, but stop an inch or so before the weights contact one another.
Do: Focus on keeping your arms locked in a slightly bent position. There should be no movement at your elbow, the motion should be occurring only at the shoulder joint.
Don't: Let the weights clang together at the top of the rep, which momentarily eases the muscle tension on your pecs. However, you can try touching the weights together under full control and pressing them together for an extra squeeze down through your mid pecs, similar to how you might finish a pec-deck flye.
Variations: Traditionally, the palms face each other during a dumbbell flye, but you can also switch to a palms-down style. It's a minor change, but it does hit the muscle fibers in a slightly different way. You can also do flyes within a cable station, setting a bench in the center and using the pulleys from their bottom position. Cables offer the benefit of continuous resistance throughout the range of motion.
Uses: Flyes should be done after presses in a chest routine — except in the case outlined below.
Advanced Technique: If you tend to have stronger pectorals and weak-link triceps that cause you to terminate your sets of presses too soon, pre-exhaust may be the answer. To use pre-exhaust, you simply fatigue your pectorals with flyes first, so that they are pushed closer to the brink of failure as you start pressing. You won't be able to handle as much weight when you press, of course, but your pecs should reach failure before your tri's give out, meaning more stimulation where you need it.
Michael Berg, NSCA-CPT, is a freelance health and fitness writer based in New York. He has written for a variety of publications and websites in the bodybuilding industry, including MuscleMag, Oxygen, Muscle & Fitness Hers and Men's Fitness, and formerly served as deputy editor on Muscle & Fitness and Flex. He was also editor in chief for the launch of Muscle & Performance, the official magazine of The Vitamin Shoppe.
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Are you and a friend looking for a place to call home for the time you'll be spending in Milan? This gorgeous apartment Ripamonti will allow you to explore everything about the city and still provide you with a great location. With a simple yet, a superb look, the flat will grant you with the best of both worlds, a comfortable place with a peaceful atmosphere close to the city centre. In addition, Universita' IULM, Domus Academy and Università Bocconi - considered to be among the best universities worldwide in finance, economics, business, and management - are all within proximity. Plus, you'll find plenty of transport links nearby, being Romolo metro station, which can take you to key parts of the city in no time. Making this place, the ideal accommodation in Milan!
The property features two bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen and a bathroom. So if you wish to stay in a place that is not only attractive and comfortable but also nicely located, then go ahead because this gorgeous apartment is one in a million!
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At Uniplaces we make the process of booking an apartment as easy as possible for both tenant and landlord.
That's why we have our own team of professional photographers that verify our properties and pick our landlords carefully in order to save time on viewings: we think it's old-fashioned and time-consuming.
You can look at forty different apartments on our platform in the same amount of time that it takes to see a room.
The pictures you see here haven't been photoshopped, so they'll be really accurate.
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If something's not exactly what you saw online, we'll help you move somewhere else and return your money.
We can only give you the contact details of your landlord after your booking is accepted. But we can guarantee that Uniplaces chooses the landlords it works with very carefully.
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Landlords and host families can be great city guides, help you out with translations and even become your friends.
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Rural communities have called for Tony Abbott and the treasurer, Joe Hockey, to visit areas affected by severe weather conditions as the government decides on the drought package.
The prime minister has not been to rural Australia in the six months since he took office and as western Queensland and northern New South Wales slide into what is for some the third year of drought, the National Farmers Federation (NFF) president, Brent Finlay, said communities are keen to see Abbott.
"The bush want to see the prime minister and the treasurer, people in the communities want to know they understand that it is not just about farms, it's about people in the communities," Finlay said.
"This is not about the farms and the animals now, it is about the people working in the machinery shops, the cafes and all the other businesses that make up rural communities. John Howard visited during the drought and they want to see Tony Abbott," he saidp
The cabinet is due to meet again next week and is expected to consider the drought package in the first parliamentary sitting week of the year.
A spokesman for the prime minister said due to the sitting calendar, it would be difficult to visit rural communities before parliament returned. He said the agriculture minister, Barnaby Joyce, had toured drought-affected regions in the past weeks and would be bringing that knowledge to cabinet.
Joyce is working on the drought package to take to cabinet after a National party meeting in Queensland this week.
It is understood one option for drought assistance includes lowering interest rates on concessional loans, where farmers restructure a portion of bank debt at commercial rates for a lower interest rate for a period of five years.
A concessional loan already exists, however farmer groups are pushing the government to lower the present interest rate of 4.5% and relax the eligibility criteria for farmers in drought.
The NFF will release a package of policy measures that will coincide with cabinet deliberations.


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Interactions between the host and gut microbial community likely contribute to Crohn disease (CD) pathogenesis; however, direct evidence for these interactions at the onset of disease is lacking. Here, we characterized the global pattern of ileal gene expression and the ileal microbial community in 359 treatment-naive pediatric patients with CD, patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and control individuals. We identified core gene expression profiles and microbial communities in the affected CD ilea that are preserved in the unaffected ilea of patients with colon-only CD but not present in those with UC or control individuals; therefore, this signature is specific to CD and independent of clinical inflammation. An abnormal increase of antimicrobial dual oxidase (
Yael Haberman, Timothy L. Tickle, Phillip J. Dexheimer, Mi-Ok Kim, Dora Tang, Rebekah Karns, Robert N. Baldassano, Joshua D. Noe, Joel Rosh, James Markowitz, Melvin B. Heyman, Anne M. Griffiths, Wallace V. Crandall, David R. Mack, Susan S. Baker, Curtis Huttenhower, David J. Keljo, Jeffrey S. Hyams, Subra Kugathasan, Thomas D. Walters, Bruce Aronow, Ramnik J. Xavier, Dirk Gevers, Lee A. Denson
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a severe form of congenital diarrhea that arises from inactivating mutations in the gene encoding myosin Vb (MYO5B). We have examined the association of mutations in
Byron C. Knowles, Joseph T. Roland, Moorthy Krishnan, Matthew J. Tyska, Lynne A. Lapierre, Paul S. Dickman, James R. Goldenring, Mitchell D. Shub
The protective role of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in various inflammatory conditions is mediated in part by its products, carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin. Here we investigated a therapeutic role for CO and CO-primed cells in acute pancreatitis (AP). In a mouse model of AP, treatment with CO-releasing molecule–2 (CORM-2) decreased mortality, pancreatic damage, and lung injury. CORM-2 decreased systemic inflammatory cytokines, suppressed systemic and pancreatic macrophage TNF-α secretion, and inhibited macrophage TLR4 receptor complex expression. In both human and mouse cells, CORM-2 inhibited endogenous and exogenous ligand-dependent TLR4 activation, which indicates that CORM-2 could be therapeutic for both early and late stages of AP, which involve sterile- and endotoxin-mediated inflammation, respectively. Mice engrafted with TLR4-deficient hematopoietic cells were protected against caerulein-induced AP. In the absence of leukocyte TLR4 expression, CORM-2 did not confer additional protection, which indicates that CORM-2–dependent effects are mediated via suppression of macrophage TLR4 activation. We determined that CO was directly responsible for the protective effects of CORM-2 in AP, as inactive forms of CORM-2 were ineffective. Importantly, adoptive transfer of CORM-2–primed cells reduced AP. Such a therapeutic approach would translate the beneficial effects of CO-based therapies, avoiding CO- or CORM-mediated toxicities in AP and a wide range of diseases.
Jing Xue, Aida Habtezion
Multiple intestinal atresia (MIA) is a rare cause of bowel obstruction that is sometimes associated with a combined immunodeficiency (CID), leading to increased susceptibility to infections. The factors underlying this rare disease are poorly understood. We characterized the immunological and intestinal features of 6 unrelated MIA-CID patients. All patients displayed a profound, generalized lymphocytopenia, with few lymphocytes present in the lymph nodes. The thymus was hypoplastic and exhibited an abnormal distribution of epithelial cells. Patients also had profound disruption of the epithelial barrier along the entire gastrointestinal tract. Using linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing, we identified 10 mutations in tetratricopeptide repeat domain–7A (
Amélie E. Bigorgne, Henner F. Farin, Roxane Lemoine, Nizar Mahlaoui, Nathalie Lambert, Marine Gil, Ansgar Schulz, Pierre Philippet, Patrick Schlesser, Tore G. Abrahamsen, Knut Oymar, E. Graham Davies, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Emmanuelle Leteurtre, Brigitte Moreau-Massart, Dominique Berrebi, Christine Bole-Feysot, Patrick Nischke, Nicole Brousse, Alain Fischer, Hans Clevers, Geneviève de Saint Basile
The retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor is a critical regulator of cell cycle
progression and development. To investigate the role of RB1 in neural
crest–derived melanocytes, we bred mice with a floxed
Ming Fu, Solange Landreville, Olga A. Agapova, Luke A. Wiley, Michael Shoykhet, J. William Harbour, Robert O. Heuckeroth
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a partially penetrant oligogenic birth defect that occurs when enteric nervous system (ENS) precursors fail to colonize the distal bowel during early pregnancy. Genetic defects underlie HSCR, but much of the variability in the occurrence and severity of the birth defect remain unexplained. We hypothesized that nongenetic factors might contribute to disease development. Here we found that mycophenolate, an inhibitor of de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, and 8 other drugs identified in a zebrafish screen impaired ENS development. In mice, mycophenolate treatment selectively impaired ENS precursor proliferation, delayed precursor migration, and induced bowel aganglionosis. In 2 different mouse models of HSCR, addition of mycophenolate increased the penetrance and severity of Hirschsprung-like pathology. Mycophenolate treatment also reduced ENS precursor migration as well as lamellipodia formation, proliferation, and survival in cultured enteric neural crest–derived cells. Using X-inactivation mosaicism for the purine salvage gene
Jonathan I. Lake, Olga A. Tusheva, Brittany L. Graham, Robert O. Heuckeroth
The inhibitory effects of vitamin D on colitis have been previously documented. Global vitamin D receptor (VDR) deletion exaggerates colitis, but the relative anticolitic contribution of epithelial and nonepithelial VDR signaling is unknown. Here, we showed that colonic epithelial VDR expression was substantially reduced in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Moreover, targeted expression of human VDR (hVDR) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) protected mice from developing colitis. In experimental colitis models induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, dextran sulfate sodium, or CD4+CD45RBhi T cell transfer, transgenic mice expressing hVDR in IECs were highly resistant to colitis, as manifested by marked reductions in clinical colitis scores, colonic histological damage, and colonic inflammation compared with WT mice. Reconstitution of
Weicheng Liu, Yunzi Chen, Maya Aharoni Golan, Maria L. Annunziata, Jie Du, Urszula Dougherty, Juan Kong, Mark Musch, Yong Huang, Joel Pekow, Changqing Zheng, Marc Bissonnette, Stephen B. Hanauer, Yan Chun Li
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a satiety hormone produced by discrete enteroendocrine cells scattered among absorptive cells of the small intestine. CCK is released into blood following a meal; however, the mechanisms inducing hormone secretion are largely unknown. Ingested fat is the major stimulant of CCK secretion. We recently identified a novel member of the lipoprotein remnant receptor family known as immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 1 (ILDR1) in intestinal CCK cells and postulated that this receptor conveyed the signal for fat-stimulated CCK secretion. In the intestine, ILDR1 is expressed exclusively in CCK cells. Orogastric administration of fatty acids elevated blood levels of CCK in wild-type mice but not
Rashmi Chandra, Yu Wang, Rafiq A. Shahid, Steven R. Vigna, Neil J. Freedman, Rodger A. Liddle
Cystic fibrosis (CF) pigs develop disease with features remarkably similar to those in people with CF, including exocrine pancreatic destruction, focal biliary cirrhosis, micro-gallbladder, vas deferens loss, airway disease, and meconium ileus. Whereas meconium ileus occurs in 15% of babies with CF, the penetrance is 100% in newborn CF pigs. We hypothesized that transgenic expression of porcine CF transmembrane conductance regulator (
David A. Stoltz, Tatiana Rokhlina, Sarah E. Ernst, Alejandro A. Pezzulo, Lynda S. Ostedgaard, Philip H. Karp, Melissa S. Samuel, Leah R. Reznikov, Michael V. Rector, Nicholas D. Gansemer, Drake C. Bouzek, Mahmoud H. Abou Alaiwa, Mark J. Hoegger, Paula S. Ludwig, Peter J. Taft, Tanner J. Wallen, Christine Wohlford-Lenane, James D. McMenimen, Jeng-Haur Chen, Katrina L. Bogan, Ryan J. Adam, Emma E. Hornick, George A. Nelson IV, Eric A. Hoffman, Eugene H. Chang, Joseph Zabner, Paul B. McCray Jr., Randall S. Prather, David K. Meyerholz, Michael J. Welsh
Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease that causes progressive destruction of pancreatic acinar cells and, ultimately, loss of pancreatic function. We investigated the role of IκB kinase α (IKKα) in pancreatic homeostasis. Pancreas-specific ablation of IKKα (
Ning Li, Xuefeng Wu, Ryan G. Holzer, Jun-Hee Lee, Jelena Todoric, Eek-Joong Park, Hisanobu Ogata, Anna S. Gukovskaya, Ilya Gukovsky, Donald P. Pizzo, Scott VandenBerg, David Tarin, Çiǧdem Atay, Melek C. Arkan, Thomas J. Deerinck, Jorge Moscat, Maria Diaz-Meco, David Dawson, Mert Erkan, Jörg Kleeff, Michael Karin
After cell fate specification, differentiating cells must amplify the specific subcellular features required for their specialized function. How cells regulate such subcellular scaling is a fundamental unanswered question. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 1 (MIB1) is required for the apical secretory apparatus established by gastric zymogenic cells as they differentiate from their progenitors. When
Benjamin J. Capoccia, Ramon U. Jin, Young-Yun Kong, Richard M. Peek Jr., Matteo Fassan, Massimo Rugge, Jason C. Mills
A highly complex network of intrinsic enteric neurons is required for the digestive and homeostatic functions of the gut. Nevertheless, the genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate their assembly into functional neuronal circuits are currently unknown. Here we report that the planar cell polarity (PCP) genes
Valentina Sasselli, Werend Boesmans, Pieter Vanden Berghe, Fadel Tissir, André M. Goffinet, Vassilis Pachnis
Cell therapy has the potential to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders caused by diseases of the enteric nervous system. Many studies have demonstrated that various stem/progenitor cells can give rise to functional neurons in the embryonic gut; however, it is not yet known whether transplanted neural progenitor cells can migrate, proliferate, and generate functional neurons in the postnatal bowel in vivo. We transplanted neurospheres generated from fetal and postnatal intestinal neural crest–derived cells into the colon of postnatal mice. The neurosphere-derived cells migrated, proliferated, and generated neurons and glial cells that formed ganglion-like clusters within the recipient colon. Graft-derived neurons exhibited morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiological characteristics similar to those of enteric neurons; they received synaptic inputs; and their neurites projected to muscle layers and the enteric ganglia of the recipient mice. These findings show that transplanted enteric neural progenitor cells can generate functional enteric neurons in the postnatal bowel and advances the notion that cell therapy is a promising strategy for enteric neuropathies.
Ryo Hotta, Lincon A. Stamp, Jaime P.P. Foong, Sophie N. McConnell, Annette J. Bergner, Richard B. Anderson, Hideki Enomoto, Donald F. Newgreen, Florian Obermayr, John B. Furness, Heather M. Young
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) regulates the homeostasis of sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). These sphingolipids regulate carcinogenesis and proliferation, survival, and apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the role of ASM in host defense against liver metastasis remains unclear. In this study, the involvement of ASM in liver metastasis of colon cancer was examined using
Yosuke Osawa, Atsushi Suetsugu, Rie Matsushima-Nishiwaki, Ichiro Yasuda, Toshiji Saibara, Hisataka Moriwaki, Mitsuru Seishima, Osamu Kozawa
Gastric adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with
Jennifer M. Noto, Jennifer A. Gaddy, Josephine Y. Lee, M. Blanca Piazuelo, David B. Friedman, Daniel C. Colvin, Judith Romero-Gallo, Giovanni Suarez, John Loh, James C. Slaughter, Shumin Tan, Douglas R. Morgan, Keith T. Wilson, Luis E. Bravo, Pelayo Correa, Timothy L. Cover, Manuel R. Amieva, Richard M. Peek Jr.
N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are critical regulators of host defense in phagocytes and are also expressed in epithelia. FPR signaling and function have been extensively studied in phagocytes, yet their functional biology in epithelia is poorly understood. We describe a novel intestinal epithelial FPR signaling pathway that is activated by an endogenous FPR ligand, annexin A1 (ANXA1), and its cleavage product Ac2-26, which mediate activation of ROS by an epithelial NADPH oxidase, NOX1. We show that epithelial cell migration was regulated by this signaling cascade through oxidative inactivation of the regulatory phosphatases PTEN and PTP-PEST, with consequent activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin. In vivo studies using intestinal epithelial specific Nox1–/–IEC and AnxA1–/– mice demonstrated defects in intestinal mucosal wound repair, while systemic administration of ANXA1 promoted wound recovery in a NOX1-dependent fashion. Additionally, increased ANXA1 expression was observed in the intestinal epithelium and infiltrating leukocytes in the mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients compared with normal intestinal mucosa. Our findings delineate a novel epithelial FPR1/NOX1-dependent redox signaling pathway that promotes mucosal wound repair.
Giovanna Leoni, Ashfaqul Alam, Philipp-Alexander Neumann, J. David Lambeth, Guangjie Cheng, James McCoy, Roland S. Hilgarth, Kousik Kundu, Niren Murthy, Dennis Kusters, Chris Reutelingsperger, Mauro Perretti, Charles A. Parkos, Andrew S. Neish, Asma Nusrat
Intestinal barrier function requires intricate cooperation between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. Enteropathogens are able to invade the intestinal lymphoid tissue known as Peyer's patches (PPs) and disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are poorly understood. In mice infected with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, we found that PP barrier dysfunction is dependent on the Yersinia virulence plasmid and the expression of TLR-2 by hematopoietic cells, but not by intestinal epithelial cells. Upon TLR-2 stimulation, Y. pseudotuberculosis–infected monocytes activated caspase-1 and produced IL-1β. In turn, IL-1β increased NF-κB and myosin light chain kinase activation in intestinal epithelial cells, thus disrupting the intestinal barrier by opening the tight junctions. Therefore, Y. pseudotuberculosis subverts intestinal barrier function by altering the interplay between immune and epithelial cells during infection.
Camille Jung, Ulrich Meinzer, Nicolas Montcuquet, Elodie Thachil, Danielle Château, Raphaële Thiébaut, Maryline Roy, Ziad Alnabhani, Dominique Berrebi, Monique Dussaillant, Eric Pedruzzi, Sophie Thenet, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Frederick Barreau
Radiation gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome is a major lethal toxicity that may occur after a radiation/nuclear incident. Currently, there are no prophylactic countermeasures against radiation GI syndrome lethality for first responders, military personnel, or remediation workers entering a contaminated area. The pathophysiology of this syndrome requires depletion of stem cell clonogens (SCCs) within the crypts of Lieberkühn, which are a subset of cells necessary for postinjury regeneration of gut epithelium. Recent evidence indicates that SCC depletion is not exclusively a result of DNA damage but is critically coupled to ceramide-induced endothelial cell apoptosis within the mucosal microvascular network. Here we show that ceramide generated on the surface of endothelium coalesces to form ceramide-rich platforms that transmit an apoptotic signal. Moreover, we report the generation of 2A2, an anti-ceramide monoclonal antibody that binds to ceramide to prevent platform formation on the surface of irradiated endothelial cells of the murine GI tract. Consequently, we found that 2A2 protected against endothelial apoptosis in the small intestinal lamina propria and facilitated recovery of crypt SCCs, preventing the death of mice from radiation GI syndrome after high radiation doses. As such, we suggest that 2A2 represents a prototype of a new class of anti-ceramide therapeutics and an effective countermeasure against radiation GI syndrome mortality.
Jimmy Rotolo, Branka Stancevic, Jianjun Zhang, Guoqiang Hua, John Fuller, Xianglei Yin, Adriana Haimovitz-Friedman, Kisu Kim, Ming Qian, Marina Cardó-Vila, Zvi Fuks, Renata Pasqualini, Wadih Arap, Richard Kolesnick
The constant self renewal and differentiation of adult intestinal stem cells maintains a functional intestinal mucosa for a lifetime. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate intestinal stem cell division and epithelial homeostasis are largely undefined. We report here that the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rab8a are critical regulators of these processes in mice. Conditional ablation of Cdc42 in the mouse intestinal epithelium resulted in the formation of large intracellular vacuolar structures containing microvilli (microvillus inclusion bodies) in epithelial enterocytes, a phenotype reminiscent of human microvillus inclusion disease (MVID), a devastating congenital intestinal disorder that results in severe nutrient deprivation. Further analysis revealed that Cdc42-deficient stem cells had cell division defects, reduced capacity for clonal expansion and differentiation into Paneth cells, and increased apoptosis. Cdc42 deficiency impaired Rab8a activation and its association with multiple effectors, and prevented trafficking of Rab8a vesicles to the midbody. This impeded cytokinesis, triggering crypt apoptosis and disrupting epithelial morphogenesis. Rab8a was also required for Cdc42-GTP activity in the intestinal epithelium, where continued cell division takes place. Furthermore, mice haploinsufficient for both Cdc42 and Rab8a in the intestine demonstrated abnormal crypt morphogenesis and epithelial transporter physiology, further supporting their functional interaction. These data suggest that defects of the stem cell niche can cause MVID. This hypothesis represents a conceptual departure from the conventional view of this disease, which has focused on the affected enterocytes, and suggests stem cell–based approaches could be beneficial to infants with this often lethal condition.
Ryotaro Sakamori, Soumyashree Das, Shiyan Yu, Shanshan Feng, Ewa Stypulkowski, Yinzheng Guan, Veronique Douard, Waixing Tang, Ronaldo P. Ferraris, Akihiro Harada, Cord Brakebusch, Wei Guo, Nan Gao
Biliary atresia (BA) is a destructive cholangiopathy of childhood in which Th1 immunity has been mechanistically linked to the bile duct inflammation and obstruction that culminate in liver injury. Based on reports of decreased Th1 cytokines in some patients and the development of BA in mice lacking CD4+ T cells, we hypothesized that Th1-independent mechanisms can also activate effector cells and induce BA. Here, we tested this hypothesis using Stat1–/– mice, which lack the ability to mount Th1 immune responses. Infection of Stat1–/– mice with rhesus rotavirus type A (RRV) on postnatal day 1 induced a prominent Th2 response, duct epithelial injury and obstruction within 7 days, and atresia shortly thereafter. A high degree of phosphorylation of the Th2 transcription factor Stat6 was observed; however, concurrent inactivation of Stat1 and Stat6 in mice did not prevent BA after RRV infection. In contrast, depletion of macrophages or combined loss of Il13 and Stat1 reduced tissue infiltration by lymphocytes and myeloid cells, maintained epithelial integrity, and prevented duct obstruction. In concordance with our mouse model, humans at the time of BA diagnosis exhibited differential hepatic expression of Th2 genes and serum Th2 cytokines. These findings demonstrate compatibility between Th2 commitment and the pathogenesis of BA, and suggest that patient subgrouping in future clinical trials should account for differences in Th2 status.
Jun Li, Kazuhiko Bessho, Pranavkumar Shivakumar, Reena Mourya, Sujit Kumar Mohanty, Jorge L. dos Santos, Irene K. Miura, Gilda Porta, Jorge A. Bezerra