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Home › Forums › General Forums › General Lightweight Backpacking Discussion › Why Humans Get Lost
Mar 11, 2013 at 10:10 pm #1300359
Steven ParisBPL Member
@saparisorLocale: Pacific Northwest
Nothing groundbreaking, but an interesting and short article about humans' navigation abilities (or lack thereof):
Edit: actually, the linked article within the story above is really interesting, about 4 lost Germans in Death Valley.Mar 12, 2013 at 12:51 am #1964623
Bob GrossMember
@b-g-2-2Locale: Silicon Valley
That is an interesting article, good for about two cups of coffee if you like to read. The beginning is kind of sad, but then the end is kind of empty.
–B.G.–Mar 12, 2013 at 6:38 pm #1964909
Michael RayBPL Member
@topshotLocale: Midwest
Pretty amazing how he kept finding more stuff at the site on future visits.
Also amazing he how got "lucky" on the Norman Cox find.
Wonder if his latest hunch to find Bill in Joshua Tree after 2+ years will pan out.Mar 12, 2013 at 9:17 pm #1964962
spelt with a tBPL Member
@speltLocale: SW/C PA
Thanks. That was a really interesting read (with just enough creepiness to be a good bedtime story!).Mar 13, 2013 at 11:26 am #1965106
eric chanBPL Member
thats what smartphones and GPS are for …
who needs those obsolete maps and compasses … or any other outdoor skills
just the shiny new gear that will never fail ;)Mar 13, 2013 at 2:05 pm #1965179
Greg MihalikBPL Member
@greg23Locale: Colorado
I'm not sure they could/would figure out how to use a smartphone or a GPS.
A PLB is the only way to go:
"Come and get me, regardless of what I have (or haven't) done."
Just one button for a free ride home…Mar 13, 2013 at 4:38 pm #1965260
Brandon =ÞBPL Member
@stupendous-2Locale: California
I read the linked article and came away with one really important bit of information after hearing his account. If you come across human remains while in the back country, just phone in an anonymous tip with the GPS coordinates.
The lost German tourist seemed to of got mislead with an old fashion paper map (and the assumption our military base borders were actively patrolled while looking for help). Last year though I heard an interesting thing on NPR about a park ranger taking it upon himself to try and get GPS map makers to remove a lot of old mining roads from their systems, as navigation systems were taking people on shortcuts that cost people their lives.
http://www.npr.org/2011/07/26/137646147/the-gps-a-fatally-misleading-travel-companionMar 13, 2013 at 4:52 pm #1965264
Bob GrossMember
@b-g-2-2Locale: Silicon Valley
Too many people are driving around under the command of some GPS receiver whose voice tells them to turn right or turn left, and these drivers don't show the good sense that God gave an ant. As NPR commented, the underlying map database can be at fault. In places where few people travel, the map database can be notoriously wrong. The basic GPS receiver technology is good, but few people understand its limitations.
When out in the wilderness, I always navigate with a custom paper map in a plastic bag. I normally carry a GPS receiver with me that has no map database, so that way it can't confuse me.
–B.G.–Mar 13, 2013 at 6:50 pm #1965306
Brandon =ÞBPL Member
@stupendous-2Locale: California
We got a new car recently, and I was playing with the nav system and having it navigate while in somewhat remote places where I already knew the way. It was disappointing how often is wanted us to do some nonsensical loop. Although, that isn't as bad as when my friends iPhone GPS told us we were at our destination after instructing us onto the freeway overpass that was above the address we gave it.
I download topo maps to my GPS, as matching up terrain features is a real clean way to confirm a location on a paper map. Although, I've learned to use my GPS very sparingly, only turning it on when I'm not 100% sure about something… or to get my companion to stop arguing with me about what direction we should be going. Early after getting my first GPS with topo maps, I found that by actively looking at it while hiking (especially bushwhacking) it becomes strangely disorienting and I'd end up veering off course frequently. I get a kind of tunnel vision and I stop really paying attention to my surroundings, but rather focus in on which way my little icon is pointing. I've never felt more lost, then while trying to look at my GPS while moving.Mar 13, 2013 at 7:03 pm #1965312
W I S N E R !BPL Member
@xnomanxMar 13, 2013 at 7:27 pm #1965323
Stephen MBPL Member
@stephen-mLocale: Way up North
Are they off to a GGG?Mar 13, 2013 at 7:46 pm #1965327
Justin BakerBPL Member
@justin_bakerLocale: Santa Rosa, CA
People get lost when they can't see where they are going.
It's no surprise that cross country travel is so popular in the high sierras. No trees to block your sight and wide open views to see every peak and valley.
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Even better, perhaps, is that little or no effort is required in the cooking of these meats, other than the expert know-how of a good butcher and a side dish of baby spring vegetables -after all, these crops have a shorter span than Brigadoon, so you might as well eat plenty while they're around. Spring dishes, by the very nature of the season, produce a light, fresh flavour that requires little more than salt, pepper and canny cooking.
All recipes serve six.
Spring chicken with gooseberry sauce
Or Tsyplynok pod sousom iz krixhovnika, as some people might know it. Mackerel and gooseberry is a popular pairing on these shores; this combination of chicken and gooseberry is of Russian extraction and utterly delicious. I came across it while searching for a particular pie recipe, and it struck me then that it is just as appropriate a dish for the time of year as lamb.
It seems fitting to mention the plight of the gooseberry: its dwindling harvest appears to be due mainly to the small return for all that work amid its spiky branches. Any gooseberry gatherers out there with a glut on their hands, please spare a thought for the less fortunate and pop your wares on the end of a friend's stall at a local fair or farmers' market.
3 spring chickens, weighing 900g or so each (or 6 poussins)
2 onions, roughly chopped
1 small handful flat-leaf parsley, picked and chopped fine
1 small bunch fresh tarragon
60-90g unsalted butter
Salt and black pepper
For the gooseberry sauce
250ml chicken stock
350g fresh gooseberries
2 egg yolks
30g unsalted butter
2 tbsp soured cream
1 tbsp lemon juice
A little grated nutmeg
1 tsp salt and some black pepper
1 big pinch unrefined sugar
Preheat the oven to 225C/425F/gas mark 7. Combine the onion, parsley and tarragon, and use this mix to stuff the birds. Spread the butter over the birds, and season liberally. Cooking time will depend on the size of the birds: larger ones will take 50 minutes to an hour, smaller ones 30-40 minutes. Roast until the skin is well coloured and the juices flow clear. Leave to rest for at least 20 minutes or so before carving.
Meanwhile, put the stock in a big pot, bring to a boil, drop in the gooseberries and simmer until tender. Set a sieve over another pot, and pour in the stock and gooseberries, pushing the fruit through with the back of a ladle. Whisk the resulting sauce, to emulsify, then return to a gentle heat. Beat a little sauce into the egg yolks and, stirring all the while, pour back into the sauce pot, along with the butter, cream, lemon juice, nutmeg, salt, pepper and sugar. Heat the sauce through, and serve in a warmed jug alongside the chicken.
Roast leg of lamb served with la frittedda
Italy has a wealth of lovely vegetable dishes, and la frittedda is one such. I culled this recipe from the great Marcella Hazan, and though the artichokes seem a lot of work, the eating should be reward enough.
I've suggested leg of lamb, but honestly any cut would do. I've also done it with shoulder, cooked long and slow in a sealed pot with a rub of salt, some olive oil, and a sprig each of rosemary and thyme. I mention it only because all beasts have numerous different parts, and all are pleasing in their own way.
For the lamb
1 2.5kg leg of lamb
Sea salt and black pepper
3 tbsp olive oil
Preheat the oven to 175C/350F/gas mark 4. Place a rack in a roasting tin. Spoon the oil over the meat, rub it liberally with salt and pepper, then place on the rack and cook for 45 minutes to one hour. Make a small incision in the plumpest part of the joint: if the juices that run out are of the palest pink, and there's a hint of pink blush near the bone, it is cooked to perfection. Remove from the oven, and leave to rest for at least 20 minutes before carving.
For la frittedda
6 small artichokes
1kg fresh broad beans in their pods
500g fresh peas in their pods
1 fennel bulb and, if possible, 1 small
handful fresh fennel fronds
2 small onions, sliced thin
6 tbsp very good olive oil
Sea salt, sugar, pepper
Shell the beans and, if the skins are tough, then blanch, refresh and peel them - an onerous task for sure, but one that yields marvellous results. Shell the peas.
Squeeze the lemon juice into a bowl, then prepare the artichokes. Cut away the pointed ends and peel off any tough outer leaves. With a sharp knife, remove and discard the tough outer part of the stalk and the choke itself. Dip the bases in the lemon juice regularly, to prevent discolouring. Cut each choke in four through the heart. Trim the fennel bulb and cut it into cubes.
In a wide, heavy-bottomed pot, warm the oil and cook the onions gently until softened, but not coloured. Add the fennel and artichoke wedges, and stir to coat in oil. You may need to add two to three tablespoons of water if the mix is very dry. Cover, sealing completely, and cook over a gentle heat for 15-20 minutes. Add the peas, beans, fennel fronds, if using, and seasoning, then stir. Add another tablespoon or two of water, if required, then raise the heat, cover again and cook for another five to eight minutes, until the vegetables are tender. Taste, adjust the seasoning as necessary, and leave to sit for a few minutes before serving.
Asparagus lasagne
Some snobs maintain that fresh pasta is superior to dried. Stuff and nonsense: good pasta is good pasta. Carelessly made pasta disappoints regardless. All pasta starts life as a malleable dough requiring kneading until smooth and with the feel of softest leather, and once rolled, whether it is cooked fresh or dried minutes later, is of little import. In fact, most of those bags of 'fresh' pasta now so readily available are not as good as a superior dried pasta. Whether you buy (or make) fresh or dried, is more a question of time and personal preference.
250g dried lasagne
1.5kg asparagus
1 small handful flat-leaf parsley, picked and chopped fine
500ml whole milk
100g unsalted butter
50g plain flour
tsp salt
100g freshly grated Parmigiano Reggiano (nothing else will do)
Preheat the oven to 200C/400F/gas mark 6. Check the instructions on the packet of pasta and proceed accordingly - some brands require preliminary cooking, others do not.
Set a big pan of generously salted water on the stove, and bring up to a furious boil. Trim off the very dry part at the base of the asparagus stalks, tie the stalks into bundles and set aside until required.
In a heavy pot, make a roux by melting half the butter and stirring in the flour. Stir over a gentle heat for a few minutes only. Warm the milk, without letting it come up to a boil, then add to the roux little by little until it is all incorporated into a creamy bechamel.
Drop the asparagus into the boiling water, and cook until tender. Generously butter a handsome dish, particularly over the base, and spoon in a little bechamel. Cover this with a layer of pasta sheets, overlapping them as little as possible. Cover the pasta with a layer of cooked asparagus, then liberally spoon over some more bechamel and some grated cheese.
Repeat the process layer by layer until you finish with a layer of pasta covered in a final, generous smear of bechamel sauce. Scatter any remaining cheese over the top, dot with 30g or so of butter, and bake for 15-20 minutes until a lightly coloured crust has formed
Jeremy Lee is chef at Blue Print Cafe, Butlers Wharf, London SE1.

subset: commoncrawl


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Washington, Jan 14 (ANI): A new study by the University of Colorado at Boulder has suggested that adults who take one of the world's most commonly prescribed sleep medications are significantly more at risk for nighttime falls and potential injury.
The study, which involved 25 healthy adults, showed 58 percent of the older adults and 27 percent of the young adults who took a hypnotic, sleep-inducing drug called zolpidem showed a significant loss of balance when awakened two hours after sleep.
The findings are important because falls are the leading cause of injury in older adults, and 30 percent of adults 65 and older who fall require hospitalization each year, said CU-Boulder Associate Professor Kenneth Wright, lead study author.
To measure balance, the research team used a technique known as a "tandem walk" in which subjects place one foot in front of the other with a normal step length on a 16-foot-long, six-inch-wide beam on the floor. In 10 previous practice trials with no medication, none of the 25 participants stepped off the beam, indicating no loss of balance. All participants were provided with stabilizing assistance to prevent falls during the trials, he said.
"The balance impairments of older adults taking zolpidem were clinically significant and the cognitive impairments were more than twice as large compared to the same older adults taking placebos," said Wright, a faculty member in the integrative physiology department.
"This suggests to us that sleep medication produces significant safety risks."
The new CU-Boulder study is the first to measure both the walking stability and cognition of subjects taking hypnotic sleep medicines or placebos.
A study has been in the Journal of the American Geriatric Society. (ANI)


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The Prequel, Chapter Two
Four Years Later
"You can't be serious!" Miriam Fletcher exclaimed. "Alexander, you're mad! Nobody ever goes into the cemetery at night!"
Alexander pressed his finger against Miriam's lips. "Shh! Nobody can know we're here!" He walked toward the black iron gate that kept intruders out. "It's locked. I should've known."
Miriam stomped her foot. "It's late at night, Alexander, and if we get caught in the cemetery, I'll never hear the end of it from my parents! Maybe yours are nicer than mine, but I know I'll be grounded for a month." Her eyes widened in dismay as Alexander swung over the gate, then motioned for her to follow.
"Come on, Miriam. Are you scared? Because there's nothing to be scared of."
Just then, an owl hooted in the distance, sending Miriam into near-hysterics. "Alexander Hale, I will not go in there! I'm leaving right now and going home! What if there are ghosts or something?"
Alexander laughed. "Ghosts? Those don't exist, Miriam."
Stiffening, Miriam shook her head. "Don't talk to me like I'm some little girl, Alexander. What if there are spiders or wolves or...or...or...I don't want to be here, and it was bad of you to bring me in the first place! You'd better be glad I'm your best friend, or I'd go straight home and tell my parents that you made me come here!"
Alexander's heart twisted at Miriam's calling him just a "best friend." He'd hoped that by now, his feelings for Miriam would be obvious. Apparently, they weren't. "Come on. I'm here. I'll fight off the ghosts and spiders and wolves for you." He blushed. Good thing it's dark. I wouldn't want her to see me blushing.
"I'd do anything for you, Miriam."
But Miriam clearly didn't hear Alexander's last sentence, because she was too busy walking away.
Alexander finally gave in and accepted the fact that Miriam was too afraid to be there that night. It was a pity - the cemetery was one of the few places where Alexander and Miriam wouldn't have to be afraid of anything catching them. It wasn't like they were doing anything wrong, but then rumors would start. Alexander didn't want his reputation to be shot. He honestly tried to be a good kid.
After several minutes' worth of walking, Alexander brought Miriam to the front door of her home. "Well, you're home now, so I guess I'd better say goodbye."
"Yeah, goodbye," Miriam replied, smiling.
The smile was so irresistible that Alexander leaned forward and kissed Miriam on the lips. Shocked by his own actions, he stepped backward and nearly fell of the porch steps. The pale expression on Miriam's face cut into his heart. "I'm sorry, I didn't mean to..."
Alexander turned and ran in the other direction. So much for being Miriam's "best friend," he thought to himself. He swore to himself that he wouldn't do anything of the sort ever again. He promised himself he wouldn't ever kiss Miriam again.
If only he'd have kept that promise.


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Debate summaries
The plenary session: Successes, failures, the potential of 20 years of Ukraine's independence.
The former president of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma stated that in 1991 Ukraine was in an extremely difficult situation. "We did not have a state core embedded in our political elites and, moreover, 20 years ago we did not have a strategy for development, and we made many decisions being aware of the immense risk. Our first Constitution was passed in the fifth year of our independence and we did not introduce our own currency until 1996," says the former Ukrainian leader.
Talking about points of reference for the independent Ukraine, Leonid Kuchma reminded that in the 90's the term "European repair" entered the political phrase book, i.e. a maximum resemblance between state institutions and economic solutions to those already proven in Western European countries.
The former Ukrainian leader reminded us of the crisis in relations between Ukraine and the European Union in the years 2000-2003 which, as he emphasized were connected with scandals in the Intelligence Agencies and the cassette-related scandals. "That crisis was especially painful for us, as at that time, Ukraine was the leader in terms of economic growth in Europe. Our troubled relations with the EU contributed to reversing those trends. According to the former president the post-Orange-Revolution-government, despite plenty of promises and declarations, did not manage to bring Ukraine closer to Western Europe. "The most serious mistake of that formation was deteriorating relations with Russia, which resulted in a senseless ideological war. Foreign policy ideologists did not understand the strategy of the European Union, which includes cooperation with Moscow," Kuchma stated.
Evaluating today's ruling elites, Kuchma said that the president Viktor Yanukovych managed to achieve political stability in society, which is of utmost importance for conducting independent foreign policy. The former Ukrainian leader pointed to a lack of consequence in political decisions. "Foreign partners often say that Ukraine, while maintaining external state attributes, starts building this state from scratch after each election, we have to think how we could achieve political continuity," he emphasized. Speaking about current directions in the Ukrainian foreign policy Kuchma underlined that negotiations regarding EFTA agreement are tough as the European Union wants the Ukrainian market to open completely but refuses to do it by itself. Leonid Kuchma also pointed to the fact that Ukraine had been invited by Russia to join the Customs Union and, in his opinion, this invitation should be taken into consideration.
"The European Union has got increased requirements for Ukraine but Brussels cannot define the time for integration. Once again, in the EU vision, Ukraine gets to be the buffer zone between the European Union itself and Russia," Kuchma said.
Summarizing his speech, the former president said that he would like other countries to perceive absenteeism of Ukraine in the European structures in the same way as absenteeism of Switzerland or Norway.
The former president of Croatia – Stjepan Mesic reminded that Ukraine had gone through the same process as most other countries from the socialist block – from an autocratic one-party system to a multiple-party democratic system. Mesic emphasized that the starting positions of Ukraine and Croatia were very much different as Ukraine was separated from the Soviet Union whereas Croatia originated from Yugoslavian socialism, which was totally different from the Russian system. Relating to the privatization problems the former leader of Croatia pointed out that before 1991 all the property in Ukraine belonged to the state whereas in Croatia there was a social model of ownership.
"Privatization was one of the toughest moments in the Croatian transitory period," Mesic evaluated, while fighting corruption is the most serious challenge Croatia is facing now. "We have to deal with this challenge if we want to prove that we justifiably deserve to become an EU member state," he said. In his opinion, good relations with neighboring countries, not affected by unsolved matters from the past are very important for development. "I am talking about it from the perspective of Croatia's experience, where we have been fighting with demons of war stereotypes until now. We are involved in improving relations with everybody as the future cannot be a hostage of the past," Stjepan Mesic pointed out.
The former European Union Commissioner for Enlargement Günter Verheugen concentrated on the issue of EU relations with its neighboring countries in his speech. Relating to negotiations with Ukraine he talked about lack of understanding for the Ukrainian problems in Western Europe. "When I came to Brussels from Kiev and said that Ukraine was a European country and that it had the right to European integration, I was criticized and EU bureaucrats emphasized that Ukraine was too big and too poor," Verheugen said.
In his speech Günter Verheugen also criticized the lack of political courage in the present European Union. "Enlarging towards the East was never popular in the old European Union but it is the role of political leaders to create public opinion. Today we lack true leadership, we can see that the EU elites clearly do not have the courage. Enlargement is no longer a priority, I do not understand how the negotiations with Croatia are conducted as they have been going on for seven years now," Günter Verheugen said.
In his opinion, in the European Union, Ukraine has always been perceived as a part of our relations with Russia and not as a value in itself. Ukraine may play a significant role in the European Union as a country which will help us better understand Russia.
Verheugen emphasized that Poland was perceived as the weakest candidate during the first enlargement round and many foreign politicians would say that Poland is not ready for membership. An important argument for the benefit of Poland was that it would help understand eastern countries. Today Poland is an example of how successful was the EU enlargement towards the East, it is considered to be a predictable country with a fast growing economy. I am convinced the same could happen to Ukraine if it is given such an opportunity," Günter Verheugen summed up.
Discussion panel: Economic reforms and economy restructuring: directions of changes in Ukraine vs. EU experience
Discussion panel "Economic reforms and economy restructuring: directions of changes in Ukraine vs. EU experience" was an attempt at summarizing the changes which took place in Ukraine in 2010 and also pointed to the possibilities of cooperation with Russia and the European Union.
Anatolij Aksakow from the Russian State Duma presented the latest trends in the Russian economy and macroeconomic data. In 2010, as the Russian deputy enumerated, the following decisions were made: regarding establishment of the world financial center in Moscow and the establishment of Rosnanno corporation (the aim of which is supporting development of an innovative economy) and also preparations for building a scientific-technological centre in Skolkov were started.
According to Aksakov, Russian economic projects are of international character and they are a positive signal for Ukraine. The deputy also recorded a large potential for Russian-Ukrainian cooperation in the area of modern technologies, science and industry, where he mentioned the examples of nuclear energy and the aviation sector.
Jelena V. Hoffmann from the Federal Association of German Businessmen in Ukraine talked about agriculture and the food industry. Focusing on the sugar industry, the German expert pointed out that EU policy led to closing down unprofitable and non-competitive enterprises in the countries of the old European Union.
Jelena V. Hoffmann and Natalia Korolevska
The deputy Natalia Korolevska stated that in the current situation Ukraine does not have any choice, reforms are necessary but no mistakes can be made that would cause a shock reaction in society. The Ukrainian economist noticed that her country will have to pay more now than if the reforms had been conducted earlier on. According to her, over the last 20 years no structural reform has been brought to an end. As a result of such negligence some opportunities have been lost especially in the chemical and iron and steel works industry. The deputy of the Supreme Council of Ukraine emphasized the low level of foreign investment in Ukraine too." In 2010 Ukraine was not offered much to improve its economy. Strengthening fiscal and administrative pressures does not facilitate development," Korolevska said. According to her, the most important thing is that Ukraine still has an immense unused potential. "We have to promote ourselves among foreign investors and the best advertising is word of mouth passed by the businessmen who do business in Ukraine. Korolevska considers corruption to be the biggest ail of the economy. We must eradicate corruption and pull the economy out of the grey zone. These phenomena are connected with each other as corruption pressure keeps 40% of the economy in the grey zone," the deputy said. The economist also talked about the need for an "investment revolution" – today we can welcome the biggest investment in our region. Twenty billion dollars can be invested in the agricultural market itself, which makes it the most interesting market in Europe. An important problem in Ukraine is also its tax code. "The reform conducted in 2010 is ineffective as you cannot implement changes in a structure that is completely corrupted," Korolevska emphasized.
Martin Raiser from the World Bank pointed to the manner of implementing reforms. There is a need for more dialogue as the changes which Ukraine need are complicated. Also opposition and social partners have to get involved in the discussion. According to Raiser, from the point of view of the business circles, the country is in dire need of reforms in its regulatory policy, tax system, judiciary and customs services.
Raiser emphasized that the issue of the world food crisis may be a great opportunity for Ukraine. The world perceives Ukraine as a solution to this problem. However, activities undertaken by the Ukrainian government in the agricultural sector give no reason for optimism.
Panel: Investment possibilities in Ukraine: how to create a good climate?
Andrey Bespyatov, Head of Research at Dragon Capital, Ukraine said that the Ukrainian stock exchange is poorly developed and expects investment from foreign banks. In his opinion it is hard to expect a considerable growth in the area of privatisation of strategic enterprises as foreign business is still afraid of risk.
According to Rafał Baniak, Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Economy, Ukraine is a natural place for investment for Poland. For this purpose plenty of barriers have to be eliminated: customs procedures, VAT return, contacts between business and administration. During the Polish presidency in the European Union Poland's intention will be enlivening the Eastern Partnership so that there is less competition and more mutual support. Today Poland is considered by investors as a very attractive place and there is no reason not to say the same about Ukraine. Polish entrepreneurs dealt with the weaker economic situation caused by the global economic crisis best in Europe.
Igor Khotey, Daniel Bilak and Andrey Bespyatov
Daniel Bilak, Partner, Head of Real Estate and Construction in Kiev at CMS Cameron McKenna emphasised that it is easy to criticise processes taking place in Ukraine. In his opinion one should not accuse any particular government as each of them is trying to free itself from the imprint of the Soviet era. Ukrainian society is very open, free from xenophobia and the government should put more effort into convincing investors that changes are actually taking place.
Igor Khotey, Deputy Head of the Fund from the State Property Fund of Ukraine said that privatisation is one of the main instruments for attracting investment. Today the law does not offer effective mechanisms for investment but the present government is sorting out the legal regulations regarding this sphere.
According to Robert Neumeier, Partner at Gide Loyrette Nouel, the the government conveys incoherent messages and the created privatisation regulations rule out almost all the European investors as they are prepared for a particular investor. It causes investors who act honestly to find it hard to defend their rights. As a result the French do not perceive Ukraine as a location that would be safe enough for their investment.
"The privatisation business has been one of the most important issues ever since the beginning of system changes," said Oleg Shamshur, Member of the Supervisory Board at Phoenix Capital, Ukraine. In his opinion the present government may make a huge step forward as it has got the support of the majority in the Parliament. For this reason it should fight corruption and bureaucracy, increase transparency, improve communication channels between investors and the governmental administration.
Panel: Civic society and building a democratic country
Participants of the discussion panel entitled "Civic society and building a democratic country" voiced their fears in relation to the direction of the internal changes realized by the government of Viktor Yanukovych. In particular, they heavily criticized the policy towards independent media, the Constitutional Court and also the manner of organizing local elections.
Anatolij Hrycenko, deputy of the Supreme Council of Ukraine criticized the direction adopted by the Party of Regions in internal and economic policy. Hrycenko emphasized the unprecedented concentration of power in the hands of the president. "Yanukovych has such powers which even Leonid Kuchma could only dream about," said the deputy. Hrycenko clearly criticized lack of legislative control over Intelligence Agencies and limiting the power of the Prime Minister, who, after the administrative reform, has lost even the right to dismiss incompetent ministers. According to the deputy from the opposition, due to activities of the Party of Regions and the presidential administration in 2010 the "counterbalance system", which is an important safeguard of democracy, was liquidated.
Assim Mollazade and Hanne Severinsen
Asim Mollazade – Chairman of the Democratic Reforms Party in the Parliament of the Republic of Azerbaijan spoke about the role of young people who do not remember the Soviet times in transformation processes. He gave the example of the president of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili, who brought a generation of managers educated at western universities with himself. They contributed to conducting a thorough educational, police and health care reform. "At present no Georgian police officer will take a bribe and corruption has been eradicated at Georgian universities," Mollazade claims that only a powerful civic society and young mangers can guarantee that reforms are implemented. Free media are also necessary as it is impossible to imagine a contemporary democratic country without independent journalism.
Dietmar Stüdemann – Ministry of Foreign Affairs, former Ambassador of Germany in Ukraine, related to the statement of the deputy Anatolij Hrycenko, agreeing with the thesis that a democratic country must have a counterbalance system. "In a democratic country there must also be a functioning controlling mechanism which is guaranteed by the Ukrainian Constitution but which is dead law now. In his opinion Yanukovych knows what is democracy, rule of the law or an independent judiciary system but right now everything is subjected to consolidation of power and, what is necessary, is a social dialogue and an opposition with a different understanding of what the country needs. Stüdemann pointed out the gap dividing the political elite and society for the elimination of which there must be initiative from both directions.
Hanne Severinsen from the Danish Helsinki Committee pointed to the change in the electoral law before local elections, which ensured victory for the Party of Regions in the regions in which the opposition party had had a bigger support before. Severinsen emphasized that Ukraine should not be glad that it is a bit better assessed by international organizations than Russia. In her opinion a comeback to the Constitution from 1996 or pressure exerted upon the Constitutional Court prove that the ruling elite disrespect rules of democracy.
Hanna Herman, representative of the President's Administration, appealed for an understanding over political divisions in the matter of European integration. She gave the example of Poland, in which for the sake of European integration an understanding was reached between the rightist Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek and President Aleksander Kwaśniewski.
European Union – Russia – Ukraine: in Search of Modus Vivendi
Grzegorz Napieralski, the Chairman of the Democratic Left Alliance, said that in Poland all the political powers were disposed positively towards joining the European Union, whereas in Ukraine this process is still on. The Union needs the vision of its future in 10-15 years' time, too. Mr Napieralski stated that his party would support Ukraine in reaching its European objectives. In his opinion the European and Russian directions do not exclude each other, although the relationships between Ukraine and the Russian Federation carry the burden of history and economy. The EU on the other hand means safety. Mr. Napieralski believes that we should ask the question of how to build the relationships. Despite historic and economic fear (Russia has got a huge energy potential), one should aim at reconciliation with Russia. A good example is served by the Polish-German reconciliation. The EU is a chance for Ukraine to join a family of fast-growing countries, but it is important that Europe sees a partner in Ukraine, too. During the accession process Poland benefited from the aid provided not only by the EU but also by the particular EU States. The Weimar Triangle was of great support. The same we owe to our neighbour.
Grzegorz Napieralski and Adrian Severin
Boris Guseletov, Head of the International Office of the Political Party "Spravedlivaya Rossiya" [A Just Russia], believes that within the last 20 years the situation has changed, and today we face new challenges including energy safety and the fight against global warming. In his opinion the basis of the future relationship is the question whether we will fight against the phantoms of the past or build the future. He referred to the gas wars and development of the North Stream gas pipeline as examples of such phantoms. Each party should be responsible for its own problems. The lack of democratic values is an origin of the mono-centric model of the state. The stability that we can enjoy in Ukraine today is costly, but in Russia observance of civil liberties is not more common. Mr Guseletov can see no major problems between Russia and Ukraine, however the Union is wrong in saying that Ukraine will join the Union ignoring Russia.
Volodymyr Horbulin, a Member of the Presidium of the National Academy of the Science of Ukraine, stated that Europe lacks the mechanism of practical actions in conflict situations, e.g. in Georgia or Nagorno-Karabakh. Horbulin asked the following question: what will ensure the safety of Europe: NATO, international guarantees, or better safety standards in Europe? He believes that Ukraine should select the third of the above variants and focus on it. He emphasised that the process of ensuring safety should involve all countries. We should build Europe to being an area with no nuclear weapon, and as far as the missile defence is concerned the risk area should be determined first and then – the common defence system built.
Evaldas Ignatavicius, the Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, said that Ukraine is the biggest country that due to its potential helps also Russia transform. In his opinion it is possible to create new values, but it is necessary to get rid of the burden of the past. The Ukraine that signs the agreement on the free trade area will open new economic and political relationships with Russia. Moreover, an agreement on energy safety in favour of both countries must be made as well. The Eastern Partnership means to Ukraine the introduction of any reforms; however Ukraine can also implement programmes aimed at improving its relationships with Russia.
Mykoła Katerynchuk, Chief of the European Party of Ukraine, assessed well the consensus regarding the Euro integration observed on the Ukrainian political stage. In his opinion both Russia and the EU are afraid of the consequences of the Ukraine joining the Community today. The latest compromises towards Russia resulted in an economic gain to Ukraine, but they did not recover the political relationships between these countries. Mr Katerynchuk emphasised that within one year Ukraine as a country had moved back in terms of observance of the rules of democracy. However, the door to the EU should remain open to Ukraine, because otherwise it can turn to autocracy in which case society will not be able to defend itself against it without support from outside.
Evaldas Ignatavicius, Mykoła Katerynczyk and Anatoly Kozeradsky
Anatoly Kozeradsky, a Member of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, referred to the difficulties integrating with both the EU and the Commonwealth of Independent States. In post-Soviet reality, the difficulties consist in the economic diversity and distinctiveness of foreign policy objectives. To reach the modus vivendi, it is necessary to review the relationships. The relationships among the EU, Russia and Ukraine do not develop, because there are few efficient programmes. In spite of no rapprochement between the RF and EU in terms of declarations, one can notice pragmatic actions taken in economy and politics. In Mr Kozeradsky's opinion Russia and Europe need the Atlantic safety. Cordial relations between the above entities are not however favourable to America. Mr Kozeradsky believes that Russia takes advantage of the EU experience in integration. This is manifested in the customs union and the Single Economic Area. He regrets that Ukraine shows its passiveness in the process of integration of the CIS and expects that it will be more active. He emphasised that after joining the EU Ukraine would be made not only to integrate but also to regionalise, which would not be easy at all. He believes that Ukraine does not have to choose between the EU and the RF, as it can benefit from the free trade area simultaneously with both partners.
Adrian Severin, a Member of the European Parliament from Romania, believes that the better the relationship between Ukraine and the EU the better the relationship between Ukraine and Russia. The stability of Ukraine will be in favour of the stability of Russia. Ukraine is often perceived in the EU as a potential bridge connecting Europe and Russia. However Ukraine should be self-aware and ambitious. It should not be just an eternal partner but an equal member of the Union. Then, its relationships with Russia will improve, too.
Panel: "Ukraine in the Transatlantic Space: Problems and Solutions"
Gorgi Baramidze, the State Minister for European and Transatlantic Integration of Georgia, assured Georgia's respect towards the decision of Ukraine regarding the out-of-block status. However it is crucial that Kiev maintains its good relationships with NATO, and the door to the organisation remains open. In the opinion of the Georgian minister, Ukraine plays an important stabilising role in Central and Eastern Europe. "We appreciate our relationships with Ukraine and its attitude towards the territorial integrity of Georgia. Anything that happens in Ukraine is of great importance to Georgia", said Baramidze. Referring to the problems of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, Baramidze confirmed that Georgia intended to have a dialogue with Russia and solve the conflict in South Caucasus in peace. "We want Russia to accept our non-violence declaration that we made last year", he said. The Georgian minister stated that the area of joint interest was extremely broad ranging from the fight against terrorism to economic issues.
Gorgi Baramidze, Tatiana Moskalkova and Iulian Chifu
Iulian Chifu, the Director of the Romanian Conflict Prevention and Early Warning Centre, said that the safety of the USA and Europe constitutes a joint safety. The expert emphasised that the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation succeeded in reinforcement of defence against the ballistic missiles in all NATO member countries. It is especially important in the context of the latest incidents in the Middle East and North Africa. Chifu stressed that he does not support the out-of-block status of Ukraine until it conforms to Ukraine's safety. A change on the Ukrainian political stage could result in the return of the NATO issue to public debate. The Romanian expert also pointed out the alarming fact of selling weapons by NATO members, which was a reference to the sale of French 'Mistrals' to Russia. "What is the reason Russia buys such expensive weapons, if it cannot contend with terrorism or fires?", asked Chifu who was concerned with the possible new arms race in the Black Sea Basin.
In the opinion of the German member of the Bundestag, Markus Meckel, Ukraine does not play an important role in the foreign policy of the United States any more. Meckel was critical about the external policy of the EU. "Our foreign policy and safety policy are weak. The Union does not catch up with the safety problems and therefore it is not a partner to the USA", he said. He believes that the Union's focus on the Eastern issues is insufficient. He emphasised that the visa facilities are of great importance, as they refer to people and not to governments themselves. Such facilities would enable the citizens of such countries as Ukraine to see how democratic countries operate and implement the observed rules in their own countries. Mr Meckel was also critical of the direction of the political changes in Ukraine. "I think that Ukraine has side tracked from the path to democracy, which means that its importance to Western leaders is diminishing", said Meckel.
Zbigniew Romaszewski began his speech by referring to the recent visit of President Victor Yanucovych in Warsaw. "In our opinion this visit was a bit late, however we were impressed by Mr President's declaration that Poland was a strategic partner to Ukraine". Romaszewski stated that in Poland in spite of clear political differences the agreement as to the strategic partnership with Ukraine is indisputable. "This political consensus concerning Ukraine stems from the intellectual heritage of Gedroyc", said Romaszewski. The Deputy Speaker of the Polish Senate emphasised that the alliance with Ukraine was not directed against Russia. "We have a common history with Russia and there are numerous similarities between Poland and Russia, however we are afraid of the imperial and non-democratic Russia. Evaluating the geographical and political changes in the transatlantic area, Romaszewski said that the United States had moved their businesses to Asia, and their interest in the problems of Central and Eastern Europe had diminished. In his opinion the most serious obstacle preventing Ukraine from integrating with NATO is that Russia still does not accept that Kiev can conduct its foreign policy totally independently.
The former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Borys Tarasiuk, said that up to 2010, Ukraine carried out effective politics between NATO and the EU. However the current government wants to please Russia and have changed their strategy. In the opinion of Tarasiuk, the foreign policy of Viktor Yanucovych has put Ukraine back into the 'gray zone of safety'. Criticising the out-of-block strategy, Tarasiuk stressed that Ukraine with such low expenditures on the military and defence, is unable to independently provide their own security. In conclusion, Tarasiuk expressed hope that with the return to power of democratic forces, Ukraine would be back on track to integration with NATO.
Panel: "Association Agreement: On the Way to European Integration"
Olena Zerkal, a representative of the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, said that the Free Trade Agreement could negatively influence Ukrainian trade. Therefore, the Ukrainian government is doing its best to protect its interests. Ms Zerkal believes that the treaty on association will not assume increased financing, as such an assumption can only be included in the new EU budget. "The rumours coming from Brussels confirm that an increase in aid is impossible due to the consequences of the economic crisis", said Zerkal.
Petr Poroshenko, Olena Zerkal and Andrey Popov
Aleksander Mirsky, a Member of the European Parliament from Latvia, confirmed that Ukraine has a lot to do before joining the European Union because it has to operate according to the same rules as the EU Member States. The European Parliament will make sure that all the conditions are fulfilled. "I have not found a particular unit or person in Ukraine in charge of co-ordination of the integration process. It is unacceptable that there is only a department created within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as the integration problems do not relate to the Minister of Foreign Affairs only", stated Mirsky. The Latvian representative of the European Parliament stressed that neither the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice nor the Ministry of Finance function as in the EU. "What is needed is one person and a group of experts around that person to coordinate the process", concluded Mirsky. He believes that cancellation of the visa requirement will lead to a mass migration of Ukrainians to the West. The problems regarding negotiations on expansion of the Free Trade area are primarily associated with corruption and suppression of western entrepreneurs. Mirsky gave an example of the Baltic States that created special-purpose anti-corruption offices when they prepared to integrate with the EU. Their actions enabled the imprisonment of some influential politicians of the 90's who are there to this day.
Viorel Hrebenciuc, the Chairman of the Committee on European Affairs at the Romanian Parliament, confirmed that Russia could be a problem preventing Ukraine from integration. The Romanian member of parliament stressed that the presidency of Poland has the potential to make the integration process more dynamic. Poland has already done a lot to the countries of the East. If President Komorowski puts pressure on the other European capitals, it will be possible to achieve a lot.
The Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Croatia and the former Minister of Integration, Neven Mimica, said that the Association Agreement was an extremely important stage of integration. "This negotiation process taught us that the EU means more than just trade or visa exemption". Mimica emphasised that Croatia moved beyond the framework of the Association Agreement. It had no clear European perspective, which was especially difficult if we take into account confrontation with the Eurosceptics. "One should note however that the reforms implemented according to the recommendations of the European Union are even more important than the membership as such", said Mimica.
Andrey Popov, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Moldova, said that the government of Kishinev was focused highly on transformation and internal reforms.
Ukraine started the negotiations on the Association Agreement three years earlier than Moldova, however it has already made up for that time. It perceives the Free Trade Agreement as a part of the treaty. As far as the visa exemption is concerned, the action plan was received by Ukraine in November and by Moldova in January, so the negotiations are conducted simultaneously. Popov confirmed that his government was not afraid of the mass migration of Moldova citizens after the waiver of visas, as those who were determined have already moved to the EU and work there. He stressed that the European perspective is crucial to the reform dynamics in the Eastern countries.
"Unfortunately the EU does not guarantee the result of our negotiations, even if we fulfil all the conditions", concluded Popov.
Alexander Chaly, Viorel Hrebenciuc, Neven Mimica and Alexanedr Mirsky
The panel chairman, ambassador Oleksandr Chalyi, said that he shared the Ukrainian government position assuming ending the negotiations on the Association Agreement even with no clear European perspective.
Petro Poroshenko, the Head of the Council of the National Bank of Ukraine, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs and an entrepreneur operating in the sugar and motor vehicle industries within the whole area of the Commonwealth of Independent States, said that the optimism related to signing the Association Agreement and the Treaty on expanded Free Trade could be shown too early, as the Ukrainian authorities did nothing in this respect; they just made political declarations. Poroshenko referred to the European Parliament policy that began to draw attention to the rights of citizens and the freedom of media. "Ukraine is not a priority to the European Union. How do the authorities intend to receive macroeconomic aid from the EU, if they cancel the public procurement act? Do today's Ukrainian elite think European politicians will sponsor Ukrainian corruption?", asked Poroshenko. "We should not focus on dates, rather we need to consider in more detail the Ukrainian law and negotiations", he concluded.
Energy panel: European Energy Security: Mutual Dependence – Threats and Opportunities
Myhailo Gonczar, Director of the Energy Program, NOMOS Center in Ukraine – moderator of the panel starting the debate, directed attention to the fact that Ukraine plays a key role as a country supplying gas to the European Union. The necessity of diversifying gas supplies is an undeniable fact, however, as he put it "the more pipes the higher level of security". In reality, however, as Gonczar summarized "all the pipes start in Russia".
The first speaker of the panel was Viaczeslav Kniaznicki, plenipotentiary for energy safety in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Ukraine. He admitted that political changes in Ukraine do not affect the energy co-operation strategy between Ukraine and the EU. In his opinion one of the most serious problems is lack of a uniform energy market in the EU. Kniaznicky pointed to a few challenges Ukraine is facing in the area of energy policy. How to most effectively transfer energetic raw materials? How to regulate relations between the countries through which gas pipelines go? A challenge for Ukraine is creating an effective competition system but also implementation of technology to acquire renewable energy sources.
The next panel speaker, deputy of the Supreme Council of Ukraine - Aleksandr Hudyma stated that Ukraine lacks a long-term energy strategy – rotating politicians have different ideas and criteria but there is no continuation. Hudyma also pointed to the fact that consumption of energetic raw materials in Ukraine is growing and, contrary to trends throughout Europe, the Ukrainian economy is consuming ever more energy. According to Hudyma it is in the interest of oligarch groups to increase the amount of bought petroleum and gas. In his speech he also warned against the ever more important role of Gazprom in EU.
Hannes Swoboda, Urban Rusnak and Anita Orban
Urban Rusnak, Head of Energy Security Project at Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovakia, referring to earlier speeches of Ukrainian spokespersons stressed the need to standardize the gas market and unfair differences in prices for energetic raw materials for Central European countries in comparison with other EU countries. He drew attention to the bilateral relations between Slovakia and Ukraine – using a metaphor that both countries "are sitting on one pipe" and that this situation is unlikely to change in the future. However, there are no formal documents or bilateral agreements between the two countries which would regulate the issues connected with Gazprom and Transneft, which is now present in Slovakia. "Ukraine has no mutual obligations towards Slovakia and all the changes are discussed directly in Russia," Rusnak stressed that such a situation cannot be considered as normal.
Dariusz Szymczycha, Senior Consultant at Pressdor spoke in a similar tone. He directed attention to a few paradoxes in the Russian energy policy. Countries of the Old Europe do not understand the sensitivity of countries from the area which used to be under the influence of the Soviet Union. Gas should be an ordinary product subject to free market regulations. In case of gas trade with Russia, trade agreements are signed on the governmental level, which shows that this particular good is subject to political influence. Polish secret weapon in the form of shale gas is not as yet an alternative to traditional energy sources and it is solid gas contracts which now guarantee Poland a sense of energy safety. In Poland gas amounts to around 12% in the energy mix and coal has the highest share in energy economics, which, despite the enormous output, also imports. Besides slogans about energy solidarity, strategic plans should be effectively realised, energy effectiveness should be increased and the economy should be reformed.
Anita Orban, special envoy for energy security of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary, represented the stance of Hungary as the country leader of the European Union this term. She stressed that such a uniform regulatory system should be created in the EU so that no country is left out. Orban also directed attention to the fact that there should be a bigger diversification of energy supplies and that the presently used transfer system should be connected. One of the main tasks of the Hungarian presidency is strengthening development of the southern gas corridor. Another point in the Hungarian presidency agenda is the Danube Strategy, which unites 8 EU member countries and 8 non-member countries. Besides economic co-operation and aid for poorer countries from the Danube delta, one of the goals of this strategy is including countries from outside the European Union into EU energy projects, thanks to which energy safety outside EU boundaries can be increased.
Hannes Swoboda, a representative of the European Parliament, stressed that the EU suffers from a lack of executive power in the enforcement of documents and declarations, the best example of which is the energy policy. The gap between reality and formal assumptions of this policy is huge. He stressed the need to strengthen the diversification of gas transmission, and the need to seek other partners as an alternative to Russia. For the time being, the only partner is Norway, but that's not enough. Diversification of sources, building an integrated transfer network, a competitive market and increasing energy effectiveness – these are the goals which, according to Swoboda should determine the policy of Ukrainian politicians and politicians from EU member states.
Heinz Kopetz, Member of the Board, World Bio-energy Association from Austria, pointed out that it is necessary to increase the share of energy from renewable sources, which would allow a dependency reduction of the given country on traditional energy supplies. Efficiency of fossil energy is incomparably small in relation to renewable sources. Kopetz stressed that strengthening of the renewable energy sector, besides the real material benefits, another advantage will lead, of course, to reduction of environmental pollution and counteracting the effects of global warming.
Frank Umbach, and expert on international energy security of the Centre for European Security Strategies (CESS) in Germany, presented the global context of the problem of energy interdependence and competition in the global energy market from the side of China and India. Russia is independent in terms of energy sources, can survive for up to two years without investment flowing from the EU, whereas the EU will not survive even three months without Russian gas. The EU has devised a strategic 20-20-20 plan, which means that the EU is putting much effort to decrease its dependency on Russia. So, there is no risk that one day we will have Russia dictate the terms of the development of energy policy
Ukrainian Transit Capacity: Opportunities for Development
The participants of the panel entitled Ukrainian Transit Capacity: Opportunities for Development concluded that Ukraine still plays a strategic role in the transport of natural resources to Europe.
The editor-in-chief of the weekly supplement to Nezavisimaya Gazeta entitled NG-Energy, Oleg Nikiforov, stated that the development of the Nord Stream and the South Stream is of crucial importance to Russia. He believes that Gazprom is aiming at monopolising gas transit from Azerbaijan. "The actions of the Russian concern are based on economic values, however it is the political grounds that prevail," said Nikiforov. In his opinion the Russian and Ukrainian gas crisis played an important role in the rebuilding of transport routes.
Paweł Poncyljusz, a member of the Polish Parliament, asked why Ukraine is to play a less important role in future gas transit. In his opinion Ukraine has not developed a uniform strategy as to the construction of the Nord Stream and the South Stream. "The balance between the Russian and Ukrainian businesses extends beyond the scope of the current debates," said Poncyljusz.
Urban Rusnak, Ambassador for External Energy Security at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovakia, stressed that there is no country in Europe as interested in the stable supply of gas by Ukraine as Slovakia.
Marc-Antoine Eyl-Mazzega, Research Fellow at the Center for International Studies and Research (CERI), focused on the issue of the credibility of Ukraine as an economic partner. He is certain that Ukraine has not developed any strategy related to energy policy in the last five years. In his view, as a consequence of the above omission, investments in energy in Russia were greater than those in Ukraine.
In the opinion of Tamara Guzenkova, a representative of the Russian Institute for Strategic Studies, the economic development of Ukraine is distinguished by certain specific features. "This is a huge but poorly consolidated country. Not always can the business of Ukraine and the business of its neighbours coincide," said Guzenkova.
Aleksiej Chajtun, a representative of the Institute of Europe at the Russian Academy of Sciences, concentrated on whether transit via Ukraine is advantageous. "The Nord Stream is exceptionally costly, and the raw material resources for the South Stream are not secured," said Chajtun. The Russian expert remarked that the political situation in many Near Eastern countries that are rich in deposits of crude oil and gas is unstable, which makes Russia a more important gas supplier and Ukraine, and a more important transit country.
Panel: "Ukraine in the European Security System"
Ukraine can guarantee its security only by "creating a common European House", says former Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, Vladimir Gorbulin. In his view, another important aspect for Kiev is the fact already signaled by the European Union, that the construction of a European security system will be impossible without Ukraine. As Gorbulin pointed out, searching for its place in the security structure has become a particularly up-to-date topic for Kiev ever since it revised its stance and decided to integrate with the NATO structures.
During the discussion a few ways of ensuring security for Ukraine were suggested. Firstly, it was suggested that Ukraine should join one of the existing military alliances. Secondly, European security system should be created. "To be honest the second possibility is closer to us, especially in the context of our tough negotiations with NATO," Gorbulin said.
Teodor Melescanu, Vice–Speaker of the Senate in the Parliament of Romania stressed, on the other hand, that today it is becoming ever more obvious that Ukraine is on the right way to ensuring its security and building positive relations with all its neighbors. "It is equally important for Ukraine itself as well as for all European countries," pointed out the Romanian parliamentarian.
Vladimir Kolesnikov, Chairman of the Russian Security Office of the State Duma, concluded that the largest threat to the world is the global economy, which is creating structures over nation states, bringing them to a role of subservient institutions. According to the Russian politician a strong nation state is a counterbalance for globalization. To his mind "corporations" have taken the place of aristocracy now. A corporation does not bear any responsibility in front of its voters," said Kolesnikov. According to him Ukraine and Russia constitute a common cultural and religious space.
Panel: Regional Cooperation: Black Sea, Euroregions, Cross-Border Cooperation
Gerd Harms, Adviser to the Board of Enertrag AG, acting as the discussion moderator, stated that there are two levels of regional cooperation, namely micro cooperation (e.g. between cities) and macro cooperation (between whole regions).
Janusz Sepioł, a Polish senator, enumerated the following four conditions of efficient regional cooperation: financial independence, political independence, proper human resources, and holding sufficient funds. In his opinion there are four cooperation models that have developed best to this day, i.e. the bilateral model, the multilateral model (prevailing in the Union member states), the trilateral model (e.g. the Lviv Region, the Małopolskie Province, and the Frankfurt Region), and the group alliance (e.g. the Visegrad Group, 1991). He concluded that each cooperation model is efficient if the economic objectives are shared by all its parties.
Janusz Sepioł, Igor Chernyshenko, David Chico Zamanillo, Gerd Harms
Peter Szegvári, an expert on regional politics, representing the Committee of the Regions, stressed the role of the Committee of the Regions in the European Parliament. He believes that it would be much better if more institutions supporting regional policy co-ordination were established.
Igor Chernyshenko, Deputy-Chairman of the Far East Committee of the Russian State Duma, said that Russia is especially cautious about regional cooperation with Ukraine and Belarus. In his opinion most of the post-Soviet countries care a lot about good relationships with Ukraine and efficient cooperation within the Black Sea region, and in the '90s Turkey offered itself as a partner in economic cooperation in this region. Mr Chernyshenko hopes that several platforms of regional cooperation will be built there. Moreover, he stressed that Russia would do its best to ensure the stability of regional cooperation.
David Chico Zamanillo, an adviser to the Spanish Prime Minister's Office, confirmed that the Spanish experiences resemble those of Eastern Europe. In Spain there are three main programmes of cross-border cooperation, i.e. cooperation with Andorra, Portugal and all the neighbouring countries. There are also numerous interregional cooperation programmes.
Marat Teterov, Chairman of the Geopolitical Forum, demonstrated his pessimistic attitude towards the concept of regional cooperation, especially the European Neighbourhood Policy – the Eastern Partnership, the Black Sea Synergy and the Barcelona Process. In his opinion the EU institutions should facilitate cooperation between particular countries.
Vasyl Filipchuk, Director General of the EU Department at the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, promised that new projects related to the Black Sea Synergy programme should be executed in Ukraine. He gave a positive assessment of the projects offered within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy, however he regretted that Ukraine could not take advantage of the funds.
Panel: International Economic Cooperation: Perspectives and Challenges
All the participants of the panel on the international economic co-operation concluded that common corruption and excessive regulations are the most serious problems preventing development of foreign investments in Ukraine.
Jan Fischer, the Vice-President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, stated that the EBRD would maintain co-operation with Ukraine related to infrastructure, municipal projects, support to small and medium companies and financial institutions. "As to the economic results of Ukraine, we are cautiously optimistic; we have noticed a gradual growth, but we cannot forget about the poor results of the year 2009", said Fischer. He referred to the Ukrainian banking market saying that it survived the crisis, but it needs a lot of corrective actions. "The key action will be the creation of the local currency market in order to improve the efficiency of the Ukrainian financial institutions. We are ready to support a range of projects regarding the financial sector development", said Fischer. He believes that the deregulation policy is a key component of the anti-corruption actions, as excessive regulations create a perfect basis for corruption.
The panel chairman, Oleksiy Plotnikov, a member of the Supreme Council of Ukraine, made reference to the speech of the representative of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development by stressing that deregulation is crucial not only in the context of the fight against corruption but also to improve the investment climate.
Philippe Pegorier, a representative of Alstom in Russia and Ukraine, spoke about his concern's quick development in the Russian machine-building industry. He explained that the reason for his company's increased investments in Russia is the modernisation policy of President Dmitry Medvedev and the state support provided to investors. Speaking about the business environment being not in favour of investors in Ukraine, Pegorier mentioned the problems of Mittal Steel concern. The Ukrainian oligarchy, having connections with authorities and hindering expansion of western investors in the market, are a serious obstacle to investment. "Our company follows very strict anti-corruption standards; we do not and will not bribe. Therefore, in countries known for common corruption we cannot invest", said Pegorier.
Krzysztof Walenczak, the Under-secretary of State of the Polish Ministry of Treasury, remarked that Ukrainian companies have started to look for capital on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. He believes that Ukrainian entrepreneurs, having great potential, can easily receive funds from western investors. Walenczak stated that big investment funds that cannot invest in Ukraine directly are willing to invest their money in the shares of Ukrainian companies on western stock exchanges.


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The obvious alternative to a pension plan is an Isa.
"Normally, an international managed equity Isa will do well over 25 years," says John Briggs, at independent financial advisers Chartwell.
"So you could have 80% in equities and 20% in cash and fixed interest like corporate bonds." At ten years before retirement, Briggs recommends shifting one-tenth of the equity fund each year into safer investments.
Once you've used up your annual Isa allowance, you can still put money into investments such as unit and investment trusts but without enjoying tax relief.
You could also use National Savings and high-interest deposit accounts.
A popular source of retirement income is buy-to-let property. "Since the war, property has been the next best place to invest, after the stock market, and rental income should steadily increase along with wage inflation," says Briggs.
Advantages of buy-to-let property include a (hopefully) appreciating asset, a steady (and growing) income stream, full offset of mortgage interest against rental income from the same property, for tax purposes.
But there are some disadvantages of buy-to-let to consider. Remember you may not be able to let the property for the full 12 months of the year. You may also get landed with awkward tenants.
You could use a letting agent but they will cream off around 15%. And it's not very liquid - you can't sell just a room if you want to raise capital.
Paying off debt, such as personal loans and mortgages can give you a better - and certainly a safer - return than most investments.


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The first reports on experimental investigation of nonlinearities in BaxSr1-xTiO3 based ceramics date back to 1950s and early 1960s. DiDomenico et al report the first successful demonstration of a 3rd harmonic generator in 1962. Recently 2nd harmonic generation was demonstrated [4]; by applying DC bias. Samoilova et al. reported frequency conversion (harmonic generation) experiment in a Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) with a ferroelectric film. Where as Booth et al [6] uses a CPW with Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 film; the non-linear capacitance C by using two approaches: i) third harmonic generation; and ii) C(VDC) measurements at microwave frequencies. It was shown that the non-linear capacitance C determined from C(VDC) measurements is in excellent agreement with the one found from third harmonic generation experiment; this leads to the conclusion that ferroelectric devices might be tuned with nanosecond speeds.
To study nonlinearities Kozyrev et al designed a resonator loaded by a ferroelectric capacitor; using both a single signal as well as intermediation distortion; which confirmed previous results. Kozyrev et al also gives a simple theory for estimation of overheating of the ferroelectrics films at high power levels; and it was shown that the power handling capability of a ferroelectric tuneable filter may be as high as 3.5 W. Experiments and more detailed analysis of the microwave heating on nonlinearities are given elsewhere.
In this work; we used simple; on-chip microprobe reflection measurements to determine microwave power dependence of the capacitance of parallel-plate ferroelectric varactors. It is shown that the nonlinear parameters estimated from this experiment are in good agreement with the nonlinear parameters found from C(VDC) measurements at low frequencies. Hence; nonlinear parameters found from simple C(VDC) measurements may be used in the development of microwave devices; such as harmonic generators and mixers.


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The Golden Hammer ´2014
Watch in HD
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- Writers: Bruno Heller
- Stars: Amanda Righetti , Owain Yeoman , Robin Tunney , Simon Baker , Tim Kang
The team goes to investigate the suspicious death of a man who works for a company that occasionally works for the Pentagon. Jane thinks the man suspected that someone at the company was passing secrets. So they set a trap and find the middle man. They need to make the person they are looking for feel safe so they arrest the man's brother for his murder. Lisbon is approached by Ardiles, the prosecutor she worked with at the CBI. And he says he thinks someone is following him. Lisbon thinks he's paranoid.
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Freedom of information - advice
The Freedom of Information Act 2000 gives any person the right to request information held by public authorities such as Bracknell Forest Council.
Before making your information request
The council already publishes a large amount of information, both on its website and in its publication scheme. You may find that the information you require is already on the website, so please check first to see whether the information is readily available.
If your information request is for personal information about yourself please see the data protection act page.
Is there any situation when information will not be supplied?
There are 23 exemptions within the freedom of information act and if the information requested falls into one of these exemptions we may refuse to supply the information. For example, information that is commercially sensitive or has been provided in confidence. When information is withheld the applicant will be informed and told the reasons why.
If a request will cost us more than £450 (equivalent to 2.5 days work) to fulfil then it can be refused.
You will not be charged for the inspection of documents or for viewing information. However, where a significant amount of photocopying is required a charge may be made. If a fee is required, you will be informed and you will need to pay in advance.
Make a freedom of information request
You can make a freedom of information request in the following ways:
- complete our online freedom of information request form
- email or write to our Information Compliance Officer
The council will respond to requests as soon as possible and within 20 working days from the day after the request is received.
Format of the information
The freedom of information act gives you a right to receive information and not a right to receive documents.
However, you may express a preference for one or more of the following options:
- a copy of the information in a permanent form, or another form acceptable to you
- a reasonable opportunity to inspect a record containing the information
- a summary of the information in a permanent form or another form acceptable to you
The council will comply with your preference as far as is reasonably practicable.
Environmental Information
The provision of environmental information is regulated by the Environmental Information Regulations 2004. Requests can be made via the freedom of information request procedure. In addition to this, under the terms of the regulations, verbal requests will also be accepted. Responses will be provided as soon as possible and within 20 working days from the day after the request is received.
Complaints about the council's response to freedom of information request
If you are not happy with the response to your freedom of information request and would like to make a complaint please see our complaints procedure page.
If you are still unsatisfied after complaining to the local authority you can seek an independent review from the Information Commissioner. Requests for a review by the Information Commissioner should be made in writing directly to:
The Information Commissioner
Wycliffe House
Water Lane
Cheshire SK9 5AF
Tel: 01625 545700
Fax: 01625 545510
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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
GGW/M.R.A. VideoP.O.BOX9231 SYLMAR, California U.S.A.
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 06/26/2002 11:35 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/ggwmra-video/sylmar-california-91392/ggwmra-video-ripoff-they-send-me-a-video-that-i-didnt-order-and-took-out-of-my-checki-23475. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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10 terms
(13) The Balance Sheet 3: Liabilities
long-term liabilities / non-current liabilities
liabilities expected to be paid in a time >1 year, includes bonds with a maturity date >1 year
current liabilities
liabilities expected to be paid within 1 year of the balance sheet date
largely suppliers of goods or services to the business who are not paid at the time of purchase
deferred taxes
money that will have to be paid as tax in the future, although payment does not have to be made now
accrued expenses
expenses that have accumulated or built up during the accounting year but will not paid until the following year
share premium / paid-in surplus
money made if the company sells shares above their face value
face value
the value written on the bond or share
funds set aside from share capital and earnings, retained for emergencies or other future needs
Current Liabilities on the balance sheet includes:
creditors, planned dividends, deferred taxes
Shareholders' Equity on the balance sheet includes:
the original share capital, share premium, retained earnings, reserves
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Just Something I Had To Do For School Last Year
Amelia Reagan Wethersfield was born into a family that had been cursed. It started when her great, great, great, great grandparents harvested the suns light to sell to other countries. The sun did not mind, at least not until he began to run out. He was so raged of the abusive power to his light that he put a curse on the Wethersfield family for years to come. Until, someone was born into the family that could give back light to the sun. But, until then they will be surrounded by darkness.
Since it was always dark were the Wethersfield family lived, no man (nor women) wanted to visit them. One day, when the wind was frightened by the stories of the trees, it ran through the town destroying everything in its path. The prince was so frightened by the winds rampage; he decided to go hide in the darkness where he knew the wind dare not to go. He followed the path, trying not to let anyone know he was there. He ran through the forest and climbed to the top of one of the trees.
"Hello, who is that," the voice gave him chills, but he felt he had to respond.
"Me? Hahaha, I am the prince! Now the real question is who are you?"
"Um..... Amelia, Amelia Wethersfield. I.....I'm sorry, do you mind coming to my house? I don't like talking in the dark," without waiting for a response, she hopped out of the tree and ran along the path.
Curious, the young prince followed behind.
They got to the dim old cabin and from what little light that shone on her; he could tell she was the one. She had been just what he was looking for in a wife. Even her voice made his head spin.
A few years have passed as the prince hid from the wind. Each year the prince fell more and more in love with Amelia. One day, while they were reading the newspaper, they got news that the wind had calmed down.
"You can go back home now!" Amelia's voice was filled with enthusiasm for him, but the prince did not want to leave.
"I will not leave unless you can come with me," he paused, "and since that won't be possible; I shall marry and live with you here."
Speechless, Amelia cried. She felt the same he had for her and all should could do nodded her head.
So, they got married and had a child named Kendra-May Magdalene Royal. She was said to be the most beautiful being alive. She was kept inside until the age of 5. This was the age in which she began to glow. Her features were so flawless and her skin was like silk. She was so beautiful that when she was happy, she glowed. Knowing that she would be able to see in the darkness, Amelia and the prince let her roam the forest of darkness.
As she walked along the lifeless ground, the plants grew. Roses, tulips, marigolds, and vines grew along each of her steps. Each of the flowers and every blade of grass that grew sparkled. Kendra- May went un-noticed by anyone other than her parents for 5 more years. Her jet black curls became more and more flawless over the years, her skin more and silkier, and her crystal blue eyes more noticeable next to her rosy red cheeks.
As her beauty grew so did her adventurous spirit. She began to wonder deeper in the forest, into the trees. Each one she touched grew taller, stronger, and blossomed with white and blue flowers.
The forest began to glow so much that the wind got curious. It wondered into the forest. When he came across the child, not even the slightest breeze blew. She was so gorgeous that the wind didn't have the strength to go any closer. Quickly, the wind drifted back out of the forest, leaving behind some of its air. The fresh air filled the forest. Once it reached Kendra-May's lungs and was exhaled, it left a chiming song. That song filled the forest and was so beautiful that the birds cried.
Kendra-May's parents were so oblivious to how much attention she would draw. One more year passed by and someone else noticed her beauty. The sun was so fascinated by how she glowed; he had to have her hand. So, the sun made his way to her, his rays shining bright. "Will you marry me?"
Kendra-May's delicate voice answered calmly. "I am sorry but I do not wish to marry you."
The sun was afraid this would happen. "Please, I beg of you. If you give me your hand in marriage, I shall free your family of this curse."
Kendra-May smiled. She had always seen the brightness and handsome shine of the sun. She had always waited for this moment but was careful to wait a bit longer to agree for she knew he would offer her freedom.
"Okay, marry me," The sun took her hand and carried her off to the sky where her beauty could be seen everywhere, and spread its glow across their world. Her beauty was so powerful that the world's glow use to be able to be seen from earth.
So if you look up at the sky at night and you're overcome by a gorgeous glow that over powers all beauty, know that you will never be in the dark.


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Custom Suits
Brigitewear is happy to be able to offer our customers the ability to customize a swimsuit of their choice by selecting custom colors, sizes and even design changes. Women's and Men's swimwear all made in California.
Products will be custom made for you and are non-exchangeable/non refundable.
Allow an additional 5-10 days for production and shipment
Minor "Pattern Changes" including non standard size changes $29.95 (plus shipping)
"Color Changes" from standard to custom $14.95 (plus shipping)
"Lining Changes" (add or remove a lining) $10.00
Questions call (800) 757-2550 ext. 3
Place your product order first and specify on that order what changes you want in "Comments/More Information" at Checkout. Then come back to this page and select the appropriate item(s) below and add it to your shopping cart:


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Visiting another town may come out to become an experience that is exciting but exhausting. The hurry for taxis in the airport truly requires a cost and enables you to feel frustrated to increase that. Nevertheless, only a little administration might help you certainly will help you save from all of the difficulty and be much more effective. In the place of awaiting a cab, you are able to guide your personal airport transport at the journey's beginning. In this way, enter your chosen vehicle, you are able to merely go out of the airport and keep for the location. Hence,choosing airport car-service may come out to become extremely helpful.
In case there is airport transportation, making it alone within the parking lot and operating your vehicle towards the airport can be very dangerous. In the same period, the parking costs could also run-up to become high. In such instances it's better to demand an airport trip. You obtain towards the airport easily and can guide your vehicle ahead of time.There are of selecting airport travel support several additional benefits. While you do not have to hold back to get a taxi arranging your personal vehicle preserves your own time. Driving a vehicle through the traffic isn't a pleasing experience. On the other hand, you might experience annoyed such a meeting. Nevertheless then you can certainly simply relax when you receive an airport vehicle and also one would be driven by the educated driver to your location.
You are saved by selecting airport transport of touring in airport shuttles in the uncomfortable experience. Various tourists share the latter and before you keep you will need to watch for all of the tourists to reach. It's thus not comfortable as well as removes your privacy.Within an unfamiliar town, you might not understand the paths and moving using the aid of the chart is just time-taking and a little complicated. Nevertheless when you select an airport vehicle then one would be taken by your motorists to your location and about being postponed also you don't need to be worried.Subsequently obviously you will find additional advantages additionally which are mounted on airport travel support. Because you select a car-service, that you don't need to be worried about wear, parking and tear, gasoline along with other issues. You reach Limo hire Miami your location easily can abandon each one of these concerns and just. In case there is a sizable team you can also select limousine trips or charter vehicles which are not cozy, handy and cost inefficient aswell.


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Talent Acquisition Consultant
Avanade Malaysia
Every brand has stories to tell—stories that will not only engage, inform, surprise, delight, and impact their audience, but that will also deliver on measurable business goals. Working in consulting and technical industry, I help clients find the resources that best fits their unique identity to grow together with their future objectives. Currently, I am a technical recruiter at Avanade Malaysia, where I've collaborated with the parent companies, which is Accenture and Microsoft to work on their client project. The specialties of course, becoming an expert to identify the perfect fit Microsoft only skillset and knowledge. This is also to include the niche type of skill requirements.


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The Paper Wasp
€ 49,99
Besorgung - Lieferbarkeit unbestimmt
Februar 1999
BeschreibungIn Teresa Cader's The Paper Wasp, three poetic explorations extend from the book's opening image of a paper wasp spinning its white nest on a terrace in ancient China, while the future inventor of paper watches.The paper universe assembled by the wasp teems with both destructive and creative forces, mimicking the demands of the life cycle. Its beautiful surface becomes the springboard for the invention of paper and the transformation of writing. The poems in the first section, concerned with speaking, reading, writing, printing, and healing, have at their core the mystery of creativity.The second section of The Paper Wasp looks beneath the papery surface of the nest to explore the connection between physical and figurative birth, as Cader mines the descent into the unknown that characterizes both pregnancy and creative work. And in "Internal Exile", the long poem that forms the third section of the book, Cader addresses the destructive power in the nest through the life of Eugenia Ginzburg, the Soviet writer imprisoned by Stalin for refusing to denounce a colleague's book. Faced with the loss of both her children and her country, Ginzburg turned to writing as the medium through which she could bear witness to her brutal physical exile and her inner psychic triumph.Cader's voice moves effortlessly from the physical to the metaphysical, yoking them with verbal wit and vibrant imagery. The Paper Wasp marks a new lyric inquiry into the meanings of creativity, conception, and birth, and their relationships to writing.
Untertitel: Complete and. Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: NORTHWESTERN UNIV PR
Erscheinungsdatum: Februar 1999
Seitenanzahl: 81 Seiten
Format: gebunden


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Even at 21, and at the pinnacle of our materialistic lives, we were touched by this simple reflection. To be able to see one's flaws, however small, is a trait of the highest order. Even though Sister Lucy had given up everything and committed her life to serving others.
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Reason behind the existence of our website is just to help in job searching, buying and selling your old stuff in a very simplest way without wasting time of your busy schedule in all over India. Wanna know more?
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These requirements will never be guaranteed to work simply because once most of the funds are utilized the codes truly become useless. Whatever the case maybe, the crux of the situation is the fact that books have become more easily obtainable. Among the benefits of textbooks is that they're able to tackle three learning styles, when applied well. Today, all of the university students get college textbooks during semester test.
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threeFiddy brauchte ein neues Logo Design und hat einen Wettbewerb auf 99designs gestartet.
Aus 147 Designs von 39 Designern wurde eine Gewinner gewählt.
We find deals and discounts on consumer products and publish daily blog posts on upcoming deals, coupons, and discounts.
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You can checkout our existing website at http://dealshout.com