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Shaker Village Work Group
Coordinates: 42°26′36″N 73°22′50″W / 42.4432°N 73.3806°W
The Shaker Village Work Group was a recreational summer camp and teen educational program that occupied historic Shaker land and buildings in New Lebanon, New York. The property was purchased by founders Jerome (Jerry) and Sybil A. Count from the Mount Lebanon Shaker Village community in 1946, and was opened to its first group of young "villagers" as the Shaker Village Work Camp in 1947.[1][2] Around 1960, the Work Camp's name was changed to the Shaker Village Work Group. Operating until 1973,[3] the Shaker Village Work Group was noteworthy as a program that gave urban youths the opportunity to learn skilled hands-on work through folk crafts,[4] for its efforts to preserve Shaker architecture and culture,[5][6][7] for its role in the American folk music revival of the 1950s and 60s,[8] and for its influence on the 1960s counterculture movement.
During its twenty-six year span the Shaker Village Work Group presented a microcosm of American work and political ideals, weaving together the Protestant work ethic and communitarianism of the Shakers, the labor movement's celebration of ordinary working class manual labor, and libertarian ideals of self-sufficiency and self-ownership.[citation needed]
The Shaker Village Work Group operated on land formerly owned by the Mount Lebanon Shaker Society, the Shaker community that built and occupied the Mount Lebanon Shaker Village from 1787 until its population became too small to make use of it.[9] Under the Shakers, the Village was organized into "Families" that occupied clusters of buildings sited around the property.[10] The Church Family site was sold to and is currently occupied by the Darrow School.[11][12] The North Family site is currently owned, preserved and being restored by the Shaker Museum, Mount Lebanon.[11][13] Jerry and Sybil Count purchased the South Family and West Family land for their planned youth work camp in 1946.[1][3]
The "work camp" part of the Shaker Village Work Camp name is rooted in the 1930s. As part of government efforts to help the United States escape the Great Depression of the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was established and operated between 1933 and 1942 to train unemployed young men in useful manual labor job skills and also to provide employment for them in public works projects. Large scale CCC projects were sometimes accompanied by what were called "work camps," in which up to 200 workers were housed together and which operated under a quasi-military organization.[14][15] During World War II, some of the work camps were re-purposed by the Civilian Public Service to provide conscientious objectors an alternative to military service.[16] After World War II, informed by these earlier public service work camps, many new "progressive work camps" were created for teenagers and young adults to let them "visit and labor in fields and factories,"[17] to provide "work experience for youth under expert counselors,"[15] "to help children understand the democratic roots of their country,"[18] or to "teach neighborliness, public service, respect for manual labor, [and] self-government."[19] For at least some of these new work camps, the "word work in 'work camp' signified a solidarity with labor on the part of the affluent, progressive middle class."[20]
The Counts opened the Shaker Village Work Camp as one of these new progressive work camps.[20][21] There, urban teenage boys and girls would learn manual skills for the purposes of building character and to preserve and celebrate the crafts and work ethic of the Shaker culture.[1] Some alumni of the work camp's early years have noted what Villager and artist Henry Halem called the "very socialist"[22] character of the Village. Describing his time at the newly opened Shaker Village Work Camp, philosopher Robert Paul Wolff wrote, "Many of the counselors had roots in the various progressive movements that had emerged during the depression, though whether any were actually members of the Communist Party I never knew."[2] Some later attending Villagers have stated that this character was not apparent by the 1960s, and that Jerry Count was more concerned with "work education" than "socialism for the sake of socialism."[21]
An unusual feature of the Shaker Village Work Group compared to typical summer camps was the extent to which the Villagers were autonomous, without direct counselor supervision.[22] For example, the Villagers were entitled to set their bedtime hour by voting as a community.[23]
Preservation of Shaker architecture and culture[edit]
The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, known as the Shakers, were a small Protestant Christian sect that is known today primarily for their cultural contributions, particularly in music, furniture and folk crafts (particularly baskets and boxes). They tied religious devotion to hard work, as exemplified by one of their founder Mother Ann Lee's mottoes, "Put your hands to work, and your heart to God."[9][10]
The Shakers' cultural traditions made them an excellent model for the kind of youth work camp that Jerry and Sybil Count were seeking to establish. "The Counts learned about the Shakers' high standards of conduct and workmanship, their forsaking of material ownership and pride, their fabled tolerance, gender equality, and non-violence. The Shakers learned of the Counts' plans and ideals for a youth camp and heartily approved sale [of the land] for that use. The Shaker Village Work Camp opened in 1947 not only with Shaker approval but also with frequent appearances of those Shakers who could still get around."[24]
Robert Paul Wolff, who attended for the first three years of the Village's existence, says that it "celebrated labor, along with folklore and the arts." He recounted his work restoring one of the old Shaker buildings: "The building was in very bad shape, so one of our major work projects was to renovate it. This involved not only pulling old plaster and lathe from the attic walls, but also making new pegs for the peg boards. ... I learned how to use a wood turning lathe and spent many happy hours turning new pegs." He concludes, "Shaker Village was unabashedly idealistic in its celebration of manual labor, community democracy, and folk culture."[2]
A 1962 Sports Illustrated article described the Shaker Village Work Group activities as "restoring the original village, repairing and rebuilding the historic buildings and reviving some of the Early American industries and crafts such as weaving, herb raising and woodcraft. The 'villagers' raise livestock, do farming and forestry work, landscaping and beekeeping."[7] As a teen, author and Harvard professor Marjorie Garber refused to attend the Shaker Village as her parents wished because, "Teenagers who attended work camps wore denim and flannel shirts and learned about folk songs, barn construction, leftist politics, and sex—so far as I know."[20]
In their 2004 book A Shaker Musical Legacy, Robert C. Opdahl and Viola E. Woodruff Opdahl provide some detailed descriptions of the Work Group's activities under Shaker tutelage, with an emphasis on Shaker music, but also including crafts, dance, and even the performance of a Shaker prayer service.[1]
The Shaker Village Work Camp (and later Work Group) produced two Shaker songbooks with scores (Songs of the Shakers, 1956;[5] Songs of the Shakers, 1962[6]), two phonograph albums of Shaker songs sung by the teenage Villagers (14 Shaker Folk Songs, 1959[25] which featured an introduction by Shaker Brother Ricardo Belden; and Shaker Folk Songs, 1952),[26] and a book of Shaker recipes (Shaker Desserts and Sweets, 195-?).[27] A book of Shaker songs, with some history of the Shaker Village Work Group, was released in 2004 by two alumni of the Village.[1] The Shaker Village Work Group was also featured[28] in a 1966 episode of the television series Tony Saletan's What's New[29] on National Educational Television (NET), the precursor to the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). An article was written by Roger Hall in 1996 about singing at the Shaker Village Work Camp.[30]
Role in the American folk music revival[edit]
During the 1950s, some folk musicians "looked to summer camps and resorts as areas ripe for the introduction of folk music,"[31] and spent their summers touring among the rural camps, resorts and festivals.[32][33] For example, folksinger and social activist "Pete Seeger used to come and play" at the Village.[22]
In 1954, Tony Saletan had been working as folksong leader at the Shaker Village Work Camp, and was searching the Widener Library of Harvard University for material to teach the Villagers that summer. He adapted the song Michael Row the Boat Ashore from the 1867 songbook Slave Songs of the United States to create the version that's well-known today. "I judged that the tune was very singable, added some harmony (a guitar accompaniment) and thought the one-word chorus would be an easy hit with the teens (it was). But a typical original verse consisted of one line repeated once, and I thought a rhyme would be more interesting to the teenagers at Shaker Village Work Camp, where I introduced it. So I adapted traditional African-American couplets in place of the original verses."[34]
That summer, Saletan taught Michael Row the Boat Ashore to Pete Seeger, who later sang it with the Weavers,[8][35][36] one of the most important singing groups leading the American folk music revival of the 1950s to mid-1960s.[37] Saletan's adaptation was included in the Village's 1956 songbook, Songs of Work.[38] A #1 hit-single based on Saletan's version was released in 1961 by the American folk quintet the Highwaymen under the abbreviated title, Michael.[39] Joe Hickerson, co-founder of the Folksmiths, credits Saletan for introducing him to the song Kumbaya in 1957 (Saletan had learned it from Lynn Rohrbough, co-proprietor with his wife Katherine of the camp songbook publisher Cooperative Recreation Service).[40][41][42] The first LP recording of Kumbaya was released in 1958 by the Folksmiths.[31] Folksinger Peggy Seeger was also taught several songs by Saletan, which she later recorded.[43]
Saletan went on to host a public television series for children, Let's All Sing with Tony Saletan,[29] with an associated album[44] mostly drawn from American folksongs, including those discovered and developed for teaching young Villagers. In 1970, he released an album, Tony and Irene Saletan: Folk Songs and Ballads with his then-wife, Irene (formerly and subsequently of the Kossoy Sisters), on Folk-Legacy Records. Saletan also released the albums I'm a Stranger Here on Prestige Records (1961 or 1962),[45] Song Bag with Tony Saletan and an associated teacher's guide and songbook,[46] Songs and Sounds of the Sea (National Geographic Society 1973), Revolutionary Tea (with the Yankee Tunesmiths, Old North Bridge Records 1975), and George & Ruth (songs of the Spanish Civil War, Educational Alternatives 2004).
After Jerry Count died in 1968, his wife Sybil kept the Shaker Village Work Group running for four more years, through the 1972 season.[1] Bill and Cornelia Cotton were the operational directors the last few years.[47] In 1975, the South Family and most of the West Family land was sold to the Sufi Order International, which established on it a spiritual intentional community, the Abode of the Message.[48][49] Sybil Count died in 1996.[1] After the New Lebanon facility was closed, the T.E.E.N.S. Global Democracy Project of the Shaker Village Educational Work Foundation, Inc. has continued some aspects of the Count family's work.[25][50] Shaker Village Work Group alumni continue to maintain contact through various means, including a Facebook group.[47]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g Opdahl 2004.
- ^ a b c Wolff 2009.
- ^ a b Morse 1980.
- ^ Dorson 1950.
- ^ a b Shaker Village Work Camp 1956.
- ^ a b Shaker Village Work Group 1962.
- ^ a b Horn 1962.
- ^ a b Seeger 2010.
- ^ a b Stein 1994.
- ^ a b Gutek 1998.
- ^ a b Becksvoort 2000, p. 54.
- ^ Darrow School 2010.
- ^ Shaker Museum and Library: History 2010.
- ^ Holland 1942.
- ^ a b Rhyne 1947.
- ^ Keim 1990.
- ^ Time 1940.
- ^ Johnson 2002.
- ^ Time 1944.
- ^ a b c Garber 2003, pp. 59–60.
- ^ a b Shaker Village Sleep Away Camp Alumni, online discussion 2010, Aug 28-29.
- ^ a b c Warmus 2005.
- ^ Opdahl 2004. p. xiv.
- ^ Opdahl 2004. pp. xii-xiv.
- ^ a b Shaker Village Work Group 1959.
- ^ Aks 1952.
- ^ Shaker Village Work Group 195-?.
- ^ Shaker Village Work Group (episode) 1966.
- ^ a b Tony Saletan. WGBH Alumni 2000.
- ^ Hall 1996.
- ^ a b Folksmiths 1958. Liner notes.
- ^ Riservato 2010.
- ^ Smart 2010.
- ^ Saletan 2000.
- ^ Hays 1960, pp. 40–41.
- ^ American Folklife Center 1968.
- ^ Eyerman 1996.
- ^ Shaker Village Work Camp 1954.
- ^ Whitburn 1994.
- ^ Weiss 2006.
- ^ Stern 2009.
- ^ Amy 1957.
- ^ Seeger 2009.
- ^ Saletan 1976.
- ^ Jazz Discography Project
- ^ Saletan 1974.
- ^ a b Shaker Village Sleep Away Camp Alumni (Facebook group).
- ^ Sutton 2003.
- ^ Tulloch 2009.
- ^ Peterson's 2003.
- Harold Aks; Shaker Village Work Camp. (1952). Shaker Folk Songs. Mt. Lebanon, Pittsfield, MA: Shaker Village Work Camp. OCLC 50940661. — 78 rpm phonograph album. "Collection of Shaker folk songs, sung by a mixed chorus of teens."
- American Folklife Center (20 June 1968). "A brief list of material relating to 'Michael Row the Boat Ashore'". Archive of Folk Culture. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
- Amy, Ernest F. (1957). "Cooperative Recreation Service: A unique project". Midwest Folklore. 7 (4, Winter): 202–206. ISSN 0737-7037. JSTOR 4317679. OCLC 51288821.
- Becksvoort, Christian; Sheldon, John (2000). The Shaker Legacy: Perspectives on an Enduring Furniture Style. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-1-56158-357-7. OCLC 38925149. — Describes some history of the Shaker Village, including the South Family lands' ownership by the Shakers, then the Shaker Village Work Camp, then the Sufi Order International.
- "Darrow School: A unique sense of place". Darrow School website. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- Dorson, Richard M. (1950). "The growth of folklore courses". Journal of American Folklore. 63 (249): 345–359. ISSN 0021-8715. OCLC 67084841.
- Eyerman, Ron; Barretta, Scott (1996). "From the 30s to the 60s: The folk music revival in the United States". Theory and Society. 25 (4): 501–543. doi:10.1007/BF00160675. ISSN 0304-2421.
- Folksmiths. (1958). We've Got Some Singing To Do. New York: Folkways Records (F-2407). OCLC 14186458. — 33 rpm phonograph album. Track 12 is Kum Bah Yah. The liner notes credit Tony Saletan for teaching the Folksmiths several songs. Re-released on audio CD as: We've Got Some Singing to Do: The Folksmiths Travelling Folk Workshop. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Folkways (FW02407). OCLC 47801193.
- Garber, Marjorie B. (2003). Quotation Marks. New York: Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-415-93746-7. OCLC 474363465. —
- Gutek, Gerald Lee (1998). Visiting Utopian Communities: A Guide to the Shakers, Moravians, and Others. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. pp. 43–48. ISBN 978-1-57003-210-3. OCLC 36343343. — Extended history of the Mount Lebanon Shaker Village.
- Hall, Roger (1996). "Singing at Shaker Village Work Camp". 1 (3, December). Shakers World. ISSN 1087-0466.
- Hays, Lee; Gilbert, Ronnie; Hellerman, Fred; Darling, Erik; De Cormier, Robert (arranger) (1960). The Weavers' Song Book. NY: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-007231-5. OCLC 16690787. — Includes "Michael Row the Boat Ashore." "Paul Campbell" was a pseudonym adopted from 1950 to 1953 for Ronnie Gilbert, Lee Hays, Fred Hellerman and Peter Seeger (source).
- Holland, Kenneth; Hill, Frank Ernest (1942). Youth in the CCC. Washington DC: American Council on Education. OCLC 2209506. — Reprinted in 1972 (ISBN 978-0-405-05962-9).
- Horn, Huston (1962). "Easy livin' and no more bugle calls". Sports Illustrated. 17 (6, Aug 6). ISSN 0038-822X. OCLC 1766364. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- Johnson, Dale W. (2002). "Camp Woodland: Progressive education and folklore in the Catskill Mountains of New York". Voices: The Journal of New York Folklore. New York Folklore Society. 28 (Spring-Summer). ISSN 1551-7268. OCLC 45746922. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- Keim, Albert N. (1990). The CPS Story: An Illustrated History of Civilian Public Service. Intercourse, PA: Good Books. ISBN 978-1-56148-002-9. OCLC 22452302.
- Morse, Flo (1980). The Shakers and the world's people. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 283. ISBN 978-0-396-07809-8. OCLC 472747235. — Reprinted by the University Press of New England in 1987, ISBN 978-0-87451-426-1. Notes that Jerry Count was a lawyer.
- Opdahl, Robert C.; Woodruff Opdahl, Viola E. (2004). A Shaker Musical Legacy. Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England. pp. xvii–xviii. ISBN 978-1-58465-360-8. OCLC 56550805.
- Peterson's, ed. (2003). "T.E.E.N.S. Global Democracy Project". Summer Opportunities for Kids and Teenagers 2004. Lawrenceville, NJ: Thompson Learning. pp. 424–425. ISBN 978-0-7689-1158-9. OCLC 53191926.
- Rhyne, W.L. (1947). "Work camps as education". The High School Journal. 30 (4, Oct): 212–216. ISSN 0018-1498. JSTOR 40362681. OCLC 1642826.
- Riservato, Rochelle (1 August 2010). "Celebrating Camp Woodland". Daily Freeman. Kingston, NY. ISSN 0746-4932. OCLC 11656221. Retrieved 5 September 2010. — Camp Woodland also had a strong focus on folklore and folksongs.
- Saletan, Tony (2000). "Michael Row Your Boat Ashore (lyrics)". Robokopp database of choral music. Retrieved 30 August 2010. — A quote from Saletan on the origins of the song, including his work at the Shaker Village Work Camp. The text is from a personal email by Saletan to the author of the webpage, Richard Kopp.
- Saletan, Tony; McIntyre, Bruce (1974). The Song Bag: Teacher's Manual. Los Angeles, CA: Western Instructional Television. OCLC 13326352. — With an associated phonograph album (OCLC 12897503) or cassette tape (OCLC 26290685).
- Saletan, Tony (1976). Let's All Sing. Los Angeles, CA: Western Records. OCLC 7904988. — Phonograph album.
- Seeger, Peggy (2009). "Heading for Home (album notes)". Peggy Seeger website. Retrieved 30 August 2010. — Album was released 2003 on Appleseed Records. Notes refer to Tony Saletan and the Shaker Village Work Camp of 1954.
- Seeger, Pete (2010). "Forward". In King Dunaway, David; Beer, Molly. Singing Out: An Oral History of America's Folk Music Revivals. New York: Oxford University Press. p. x. ISBN 978-0-19-537834-4. OCLC 432444012. — Pete Seeger attributes the song "Michael Row Your Boat Ashore" to Tony Saletan.
- "Shaker Museum and Library: History". Shaker Museum and Library website. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- Shaker Village Sleep Away Camp Alumni, online discussion (2010). "Discussion topic: Shaker Village". Facebook group. Archived from the original on 31 August 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010. — Archival service WebCite is unfortunately not consistent in successfully archiving Facebook discussions, so you may need to visit the original material at the Facebook discussion board.
- Shaker Village Sleep Away Camp Alumni (Facebook group) (2010). "Shaker Village Sleep Away Camp Alumni". Facebook. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- Shaker Village Work Camp (1954). Songs of Work. Pittsfield, MA: Shaker Village Work Camp. OCLC 82064467. — Book of musical scores, compiled by Tony Saletan. Includes the song Michael Row the Boat Ashore.
- Shaker Village Work Camp (1956). Songs of the Shakers. Mt. Lebanon, NY: Shaker Village Work Camp. OCLC 340800295. — Book of musical scores, compiled by Tony Saletan. Included in the Aaron Copland Collection of the U.S. Library of Congress Music Division. Box-Folder 196B/3. website, retrieved 30 August 2010
- Shaker Village Work Group (195-?). Shaker Desserts and Sweets: A Volume of Shaker Recipes. Pittsfield, MA: Shaker Village Work Group. OCLC 341195165. Check date values in:
|date=(help) — "Published by Shaker Village Work Group, a work education project for teen-agers."
- Shaker Village Work Group (ca. 1958–1959). 14 Shaker Folk Songs (10-inch 33 1⁄3 rpm phonodisc). Shaker Village Work Group. Shaker Village TV. OCLC 52434165. Check date values in:
|date=(help) — Phonograph album, includes an introduction by Shaker Brother Ricardo Belden and Jerome Count. From the Pennsylvania State University Libraries album notes: "Produced by Shaker Village Work Group, a Work Education Summer Project for Teenagers."
- Shaker Village Work Group (1962). Songs of the Shakers. Pittsfield, MA: Work Education Foundation, Inc. OCLC 12616444. — Comb-bound volume of typed & hand-scored Shaker songs published as part of the teenage work project at the Mount Lebanon community in 1962.
- Narrator: Tony Saletan (1966). "Shaker Village Work Group (episode)". Tony Saletan's What's New. National Educational Television. — Saletan explains the Work Group's activities and shows a music and dance performance by the teenagers (more information). This video is included on the DVD "The Shakers On Television."
- Smart, Paul (28 July 2010). "Folk songs and Catskill's history". Woodstock Times. Woodstock, NY. OCLC 22747737. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- Stein, Stephen J. (1994). The Shaker Experience in America: A History of the United Society of Believers. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05933-5. OCLC 185691696. — An extensive history of the Shakers.
- Stern, Gary (27 June 2009). "'Kumbaya, My Lord:' Why we sing it; why we hate it". The Journal News. White Plains, NY. OCLC 40979145. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
- Sutton, Robert P. (2003). Communal Utopias and the American Experience: Religious Communities, 1732–2000. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. pp. 161–163. ISBN 978-0-275-97554-8. OCLC 50725639. — Some detailed history of the Abode of the Message.
- Time reporters (1940). "Education: For the Common Defense". Time magazine (Nov 18). ISSN 0040-781X. OCLC 1767509. Retrieved 30 August 2010. — A call to "let pupils get part of their education in work camps (like CCC)."
- Time reporters (1944). "Education: Work Camps". Time magazine (Jul 31). ISSN 0040-781X. OCLC 1767509. Retrieved 30 August 2010. — Quaker work camps.
- "Tony Saletan". WGBH Alumni website. 2000. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- Tulloch, Tim (3 February 2009). "Abode of the Message hires a master planner". Country Life section in The Independent. Hillsdale, NY. pp. 1, 24. OCLC 25235262. Retrieved 9 August 2010. External link in
|newspaper=(help) (also archived, 4 February 2009) — Extensive reporting about the Abode of the Message, its history, and activities.
- Warmus, William (2005). "Oral history interview with Henry Halem, 2005 May 14". Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- Weiss, Jeffrey (12 November 2006). "How did 'Kumbaya' become a mocking metaphor?". Dallas Morning News website. Retrieved 1 September 2010. — Joe Hickerson credits Tony Saletan for teaching him the song Kumbaya, which he had learned from Lynn Rohrbough.
- Whitburn, Joel (1994). Top Pop Singles 1955–1993. Menomonee Falls, WI: Record Research Inc. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-89820-104-8. OCLC 31423892.
- Wolff, Robert Paul (6 June 2009). "Chapter One: Growing Up" (PDF). Memoir. Retrieved 30 August 2010. — Chapter was posted to Wolff's blog, The Philosopher's Stone, entry for 28 June 2009.
External links[edit]
- Shaker Village Sleep Away Camp Alumni. Facebook group.
- The Shakers On Television


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We've just spent the bulk of the morning sorting through boxes of material that have been in our storage unit for the past few years. In some cases the boxes haven't been opened in over ten years or more so you can imagine the amount of pure rubbish that we're throwing out and also the delight in finding items thought to be long lost and/or stolen by ex spouses and/or casual fling partners (moreso in my case).
One of the finds was a cache of newspapers dating back to the 1940s. I began to rummage through them looking for old Bluey & Curley strips for Alan Weiss and was entranced by the advertisements of the era. These three ads were taken from the one newspaper, dated October 30, 1947. The first two ads instantly reminded me of those fake ads that you see in issues of Viz (and isn't it funny how some of those 'ads' have found themselves in emails claiming to be the real thing? As if doctors ever advised anyone to get fit by eating lard) and the last ad is, well, kinda fruity in it's own way. Even Kat thought it was more than slightly bent, but then that was in a time where being gay meant that you were just really happy and carefree.
For what it's worth - I've never heard of Turf darts, but it must have been heartening for fathers to know that they could share not only their jocks (see below) but also a life riddled with lung cancer and other fatal diseases. Telling someone you're smoking 'Turf' now might have an all new meaning.
Controversial! Fun And Also Games! First Comic Book related blog to be featured in the Australian National Library's Pandora archive. 2016 Rondo Award nominee. Pop culture, music, film and comic book expert. Would be willing to write for biscuits.
Logo and banner designed by the amazing Michael Netzer.
Saturday, January 10, 2009
Blasts From The Past
Posted by Daniel Best at 3:27:00 pm
Labels: advertisments, old stuff
1 comment:
In Greek, "Aspro" means white. I knew a guy who wasn't Greek, but dating a girl that was Greek, and wanted to impress her. He bought a white car, and for his personalized license plate, wanted to get "ASPRO", but it was already taken. So, he got the next best thing, "ASSPRO". True story. How the state of California allowed that I have no idea.
George "The Stooges"
- Monday, January 19, 2009 11:09:00 am
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subset: commoncrawl


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4 Guests
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It's all about the offshore catch with our Custom Crusader. You're an angler who wants to fish – who cares about A/C!!! We're just looking to crush 'em. Half Day (5 hrs) - $650
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Drowning Pool Streams Another New Song in 'Hell to Pay'
The Texas boys have been hard at work on a new album, and another preview set to be featured on the forthcoming album has been released.
The Texas boys have been hard at work on a new album, and another preview set to be featured on the forthcoming album has been released.
A brand new album from the rockers in Drowning Pool will be hitting the world in the face during the first month of next year.
Like the various other metal parodies tackled by Sock Puppet Parody, this one is fun for the whole family, morphing Drowning Pool's "Bodies" into "Laundry."
As I was being just a little bit nosey the other day around the FMX Studio, I came across a pretty sick hidden treasure for any Drowning Pool fan like myself, Drowning Pool "Sinema" is a tribute to the late Dave Williams.
Drowning Pool will continue to reflect on their breakout disc 'Sinner' on their upcoming tour dates.
Check out our exclusive lyric video premiere for the Drowning Pool favorite, 'Bodies.'
If you aren't familiar with my Dave Williams Drowning Pool autograph saga then you can click here and read up and then come back and we will finish the story.
Let me just start this out by saying my name is Richard Martin AKA The Rooster and I have a collecting music memorabilia problem.
We have all seen some pretty terrible karaoke over the span of our lives. But every once in a while there is a performance that is a show a stopper.
The fifth studio album entitled "Resilience" from the band has brought us a tune called "Bleed With You", and though a formal music video is coming, check out a lyric video here and now for the time being.
Drowning Pool have released the official lyric video for their new track "Bleed With You" which you can check out here.
When it comes to sharing stories from the road or whatever, I am always down for a story about rock and roll. You can ask Driver and Wes. I am always asking to hear a story from back in the day!


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This page provides IT professionals with a centralized resource for all Office Fluent user interface-related content.
Here you will find information to help you learn about the Office Fluent user interface, plus how to customize it. You'll also find resources to help you train information workers in your organization on the use of the Office Fluent user interface.


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Which monitor, is the best gaming monitor?
Your ps3 needs a tv mate, and they are quicker than that, so buy a tv?
Which monitor is best for gaming 20" or 22" led monitor?
Your Graphic Card Maximum Resolution : 2560 x 1600 (Digital), 2048 x 1536 (Analog)Bigger resolutions "eats" a lot of performance, and your graphic card have much of it so it certainly will work.Wis...
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TV Monitor and Computer Monitor, Which is better for PC gaming as well as Xbox?
TV for gaming WAS a big no no but TV came a long way since then. I think it's more of a personal choice now. Some people don't like to see 24" resolution (1900x1200) on a 40" screen because it's ki...
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Which is the best monitor for gaming?
Go for Samsung Syncmaster series monitorsThey are the best when it comes to gamingAnd 2-5 ms dont really matter these daysPlus syncmaster series has alot of choices so you have a wide variety to ch...
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Which is the best monitor LG or Viewsonic What is the price of 19" LCD monitor in hyderabad?
u can try compare india for the prices.It will give u 95% correct market price. There can only be a diff by few 100 rs.U have to see the MRP not the compareindia price.http://compareindia.in.com/pr...
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Re: Grammar questions
Expand Messages
> > d)...jah stodun þái nasidái faura imma.knows
> I think variant d is correct, but am not sure (maybe Llama Nom
> better )Yes 'd' is right, but with the demonstrative/article it's declined
weak: þai nasidans.
> > 6) How to make a compund word when the first word has a
> > that is the same as the second words first vowel.better )
> > e.g. stáins + aqizi = stáina-aqizi or stáinaqizi?
> I don't know, but personally I'd prefer "stáinaqizi" (looks
There doesn't seem to be any rule against having two vowels
together: galiugaapaustauleis (2Cor 11,13). Lots more examples with
prefixes GA-, ANA- and AFTRA-.
> > b) Atta qinons þizoz juggons.þizos, with final <s>. This is the regular for the Bible, and
> > This is meant to be: The father of the young woman.
> Again the second version: Atta qinons þizoz juggons
sometimes found in other Germanic languages. Alternative Skeireins-
like possibilities, perhaps: "þizos juggons qinons atta" or "atta
þizos juggons qinons". Not sure how relevant this is, but I've read
that the (seperate) article is most likely to come after the noun in
Old Norse with a nickname or a characteristic by which a person is
known (Álvarez: "Antiguo Islandes" 30.1.1.C): Myrkvið inn
ókunna "Mirkwood the Unknown". But some of his other examples are
seem less formalised: fé þat allt "all the money"; maðr inn
gamli "the old man". On the other hand, 'inn gamli maðr' gets 7
hits on Google (various sagas), as against none for 'maðr inn
gamli'. OE and OHG examples in Wright´s Gothic Grammar: Wulfmær se
geonga "W. the Young"; Ludowîg ther snello "L. the Brave". Here´s
an interesting paper I found recently on word order of genitive
constructions in late Old English:
The Syntax of Genitive Constructions in Old English:
placement of genitive phrases in Ælfric's second series of
Catholic Homilies (Helen R McLagan)
And for clues on the position of adjectives see Old Norse Online [
http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/lrc/eieol/norol-TC-X.html ],
section 49, Runic Syntax--this dealing with the language of the
earliest attested Scandinavian inscriptions.
Re. adjectival declensions, note that the genitive singular
sometimes differed (or is believed to have differed) from 'midjis'
in the other declensions:
masc. neut. fem.
wilþeis *wilþeis (*wilþjis?) *wilþjaizos
hrainis hrainis *hrainjaizos
*hardaus *haurdaus *hardaus
Cf. Wright, Braune, Streitberg, etc. Gothic grammars online:
Llama Nom
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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Spinnaker ResortsNationwide USA
Spinnaker Resorts Resort Sales SP Hilton Head ISCHilton Head Resort Sales Not Refunding Money After Cancelling Contract Hilton Head Nationwide
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Signed a contract for a time share with Spinnaker Resorts on Hilton Head on Apr. 14, 2014. After reading all the bad things and BBB info (F rating), we decided to cancel our contract per their stated process. Sent letter and all sales material back to them on Apr. 15, 2014. Received a letter stating our contract is cancelled but they didn't receive sales doc's so they are keeping $100. I called and received a call back the next day (the 17th?) and was told that the wrong letter was printed and they did receive the sales doc's (noted in our account) and because it was a debit card transaction it takes a few more days to see the refund, but I should see that hit the bank by April 28th. Because of Easter, I gave them an extra week.
It is now May 9th, and I still have not received my refund!!! I just submitted a claim with my bank. This only confirms the decision we made to cancel the the contract was the right one!!!!!!!!!!!
Flat out, Spinnaker is not an honest and reputable company to do business with!! (This complaint only scratches the surface of our issues, but cuts the deepest becasue it is our money.) I do have to laugh because when I spoke , to the rep who called me, he gave me some crap that the BBB rating are not accurate and companies pay to have good ratings. WHAT?
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 05/09/2014 06:01 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/spinnaker-resorts/nationwide/spinnaker-resorts-resort-sales-sp-hilton-head-ischilton-head-resort-sales-not-refunding-m-1145267. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Product Highlights
You Pay: $199.00
The Vixen Mini PORTA mount with aluminum tripod is the little brother to the incredibly-popular PORTA mount, perhaps the finest altazimuth mount ever created. The Mini PORTA offers all of the operational ease of the full-size PORTA but in a smaller package which is even easier for traveling and is intended for small telescopes not exceeding 10 lbs (4.5kg). All-in with tripod and mount, Mini PORTA comes in at just six pounds!
Beyond the fine workmanship and ease of use, the PORTA's main trick is its dual movement. It features geared altazimuth movement as well as ungeared rapid movements, but you don't have to engage/disengage anything to switch from one to the other! When you want rapid movement, simply grasp the telescope's tube and move it where you like; the mount immediately accommodates your desire. When you get it pointing in the ballpark and want to refine its position, use the dual-axis geared slow-motion controls. You can easily customize the tension of the axes to match your scope via the included friction adjustment tools which neatly tuck away in the top of the mount. PORTA has gained a reputation as the only altazimuth mount to rely upon for high-magnification viewing that's free of annoying shaking.
Note: Dovetail plate not included.
|Mount Type
|Load Capacity
|10.0 lbs (4.50kg)
|GO-TO Capability
|Latitude Adjustment Range
|Not applicable
|Polar Axis Scope
|Not applicable
|Includes Tripod/Pier
|Power Source
|6.0 lbs (2.70kg)
|Packaging Info
|Package Weight
|10.2 lb
|Box Dimensions (LxWxH)
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Earthquake's timing left many fumbling in dark
Photo Credit: Steve Gregory
NAPA, Calif. (AP) — A powerful earthquake that struck the heart of California's wine country caught many people sound asleep, sending dressers, mirrors and pictures crashing down around them and toppling wine bottles in vineyards around the region. Scores were injured as the temblor knocked out power to thousands, caused gas and water lines to rupture, sparked fires and buckled roads.
The magnitude 6.0-quake struck at 3:20 a.m. PDT Sunday near the city of Napa, an oasis of Victorian-era buildings nestled in the vineyard-studded hills of Northern California. The fires also flared in a mobile home park where four homes were destroyed and two others were damaged, officials said.
By midday Sunday, the fires were out and power was starting to be restored, said Mark Ghilarducci, director of the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services.
"While it was bad, it wasn't as bad as it could be, and it was very manageable from a regional perspective," Ghilarducci said.
The quake struck about six miles south of Napa and lasted 10 to 20 seconds depending on proximity to the epicenter, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. It was the largest to shake the San Francisco Bay Area since the magnitude-6.9 Loma Prieta quake struck in 1989, collapsing part of the Bay Bridge roadway and killing more than 60 people, most when an Oakland freeway fell.
It was felt widely throughout the region, from more than 200 miles south of Napa and as far east as the Nevada border.
For many, the quake struck at the worst time possible, rousing them in the middle of the night and sending them fumbling in darkness to take cover and find loved ones. A number of the injuries were caused by people stepping on broken glass, falling down or being hit by furniture.
Read more on the KFI News Blog


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text:
Marketing to Hispanics in the U.S. Marcela Gómez Hispanic Marketing Group, LLC.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Marketing to Hispanics in the U.S.
Marcela Gómez
Hispanic Marketing Group, LLC
According to new estimates by HispanTelligence, U.S. Hispanic purchasing power has surged to nearly $870 billion in 2008 and is projected to reach as much as $1.3 trillion by 2015. During the past decade, the rate of growth was more than two times the overall national rate.
The rising affluence of the nation's 44.3 million Hispanics is increasing at a blistering pace. U.S. Hispanic purchasing power has been growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.8 percent since 1980, more than twice as fast as the 2.52 percent rate for total U.S. purchasing power during the same period.
Since 2000, members of racial and ethnic minorities have become a majority of youngsters under 15 in two of the nation's fastest-growing states. Florida and Nevada, with Georgia, Maryland and New York poised to follow.
From 2006 to 2007, the Census Bureau said, the Hispanic population grew by 3.3 percent , compared with 2.9 percent of Asians, 1.3 percent of blacks and 0.3 percent of non-Hispanic whites.
The rising rate of purchasing power is even more impressive over the 10-year period from 1996 to 2006, during which U.S. Hispanic purchasing power posted a compound annual growth rate of 6.96 percent, versus just 2.8 percent for total U.S. disposable income.
High population growth rates
Improving educational levels
Rapid employment growth, and a
Changing labor profile in the Hispanic population.
Higher-paying managerial and professional jobs are some of the fastest-growing occupational categories for Hispanics, up from 10.9 percent of Hispanic employment in 1990 to 17.0 percent in 2006, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Together, California and Texas accounted for more than 47 percent of all Hispanic purchasing power and nearly half of the entire U.S. Hispanic population resides in one of these two states.
There is also partial evidence of mobility/migration of Hispanics to different states, which thereby increases purchasing power on a regional level for states, counties, and cities.
Keep in mind that…
The Hispanic Population in the U.S. is different from any other Latin Culture
in the World.
It has become very clear to U.S. companies and Latin American companies that the new market to target is the growing U.S. Hispanic market. However this group is a complex and diverse market.
Hispanics are divided by their level of assimilation into their new country:
Low degree of Anglo identity:
Isolated – See themselves as completely Hispanic – minimal contact with or interest in mainstream U.S. culture. This group consists primarily of new immigrants and older first generation Hispanics.
Mainstream - Low identification in either culture-detached, insulated individuals.
High degree of Anglo identity:
Acculturated: Represents Hispanics who want to keep their Hispanic identity while incorporating the mainstream culture into their experience.
Assimilated: Consist of those who want to replace or have already replaced their Hispanic identity with a mainstream American identity.
The research shows that Hispanics tend to acculturate more than assimilate.
Recent Immigrants or isolated individuals are those who see themselves as completely Hispanic. They have minimal contact or interest in mainstream U.S. culture. This group consists primarily of new immigrants and older first generation Hispanics, or mainstream, who are individuals who have a low identification and are culturally detached individuals.
The more acculturated the more comfortable this population is in their Caucasian environment and vice-versa. There are areas where the two segments live side by side, but the more acculturated tend to spread their wings and try new neighborhoods, products and schools.
The Hispanic community is a market in constant motion.
Assimilated: 10 – 13%
Acculturated: 59- 61% (Bicultural)
Isolated: 29% (Mono-cultural)
For marketers, acculturated Hispanics represent the prime market – sophisticated consumers with considerable income who differentiate themselves by maintaining their Hispanic heritage. The acculturated segment is the largest and fastest growing segment, increasing at an annual rate of 11.9%.
Information taken from Hispanic Business Magazine
Keep in mind that…
In the Hispanic market the decision making is not in the individual like in the general market, it is the family.
These families more than likely have members with different levels of acculturation.
Children may be English dominant, the father may be bilingual, the mother may be Spanish dominant, and then there is the grandmother or aunt who lives with them and is definitely Spanish dominant.
Keep in mind that…
Language preference is dynamic and changes with acculturation.
Most studies segment Hispanics into the following language categories:
Spanish-Preferred, and
Normally, the degree of English or Spanish proficiency is linked to the level of acculturation—the more Spanish Hispanic consumers prefer, the less acculturated they are.
The more English Hispanic consumers prefer, the more acculturated they are likely to be.
Spanish preferred is at 65%.
Highly diverse: ethnic, cultural, linguistic and historical background
Collectivist societies
Endurance to face adversity and uncertainty
Informal systems
Inefficient systems
Sophisticated 'invisible' unwritten rules
Spontaneity valued more than planning ahead
Emphasis upon family networks & relationships
Respect for traditions
Trust and reciprocity
Emphasis upon spirituality (sense of the sacred)
Social Capital
Endurance and determination
Strong work ethic
Capacity to deliver
Leadership skills
Respect for traditions
Trust and reciprocity
Also weak spots…
Fatalism or resignation
Unbalanced gender roles
Non-negotiated dispute resolution
Distrust in formal institutions and authority
Ignorance of current laws and norms
Poorly developed civic society
Hispanics and the Environment
When you are asked about "nature" – what emotions or feelings come to mind?
Data from the National Survey of Hispanic Voters on Environmental Issues - April 2008
How important are outdoor activities – like fishing, hunting, camping, or visiting the national parks – to you and your family?
Data from the National Survey of Hispanic Voters on Environmental Issues - April 2008
How important are outdoor activities – like fishing, hunting, camping, or visiting the national parks – to you and your family?Crossed by Language of Interview
Data from the National Survey of Hispanic Voters on Environmental Issues - April 2008
How Often Do You Go Fishing?
Data from the National Survey of Hispanic Voters on Environmental Issues - April 2008
Top Two Most Popular Outdoor Activities
Data from the National Survey of Hispanic Voters on Environmental Issues - April 2008
What We Know…
Hispanic market is always growing. Fueled by births and immigration
We are a younger community
Not everybody that speaks Spanish is a Hispanic Market Specialist
Translating is not enough
Know and respect the culture
We are NOT all the same
Become involved with the community you want to serve
Hispanic Marketing = Relationship Marketing
The Approach
Brand Loyal
Laundry Detergent – Ariel
Toothpaste – Colgate
Family Oriented
The decision making process is cumbersome (everyone is involved)
Values are important.
Family unity (Eating meals together)
Take time and patience
Gain our trust
Word of mouth
Spanish Language
Family decision making
Time and effort to speak our language
Spanish or Bilingual Advertising / Promotions
Preferred language for decision making
Hispanic Targeted Media is available and growing. Use it
Don't miss this growing target
Cater your products or services to meet the needs of Latinos
Don't just work on the front lines
Keep in mind there is NO BOX in Latin culture


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Super Comando
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This article is a stub, an article too short to provide more than rudimentary information about a subject. You can help Pro Wrestling Wiki by expanding it.
Super Comando is a Mexican professional wrestler.
In wrestling
- Finishing and signature moves
- Comando Clutch
- Gory Special
- Teams and stables
- Entrance Music
- Nicknames