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Position Paper on Language and Literacy Development for Young English Language Learners (Ages 3-8)
Young learners of English who are speakers of other languages face unique literacy and language development challenges if they are learning in an all-English environment. This position paper developed by the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages offers recommendations that program staff may use to help young dual language learners acquire English in early care environments where English is the principal language of instruction.
The following paper is courtesy of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL).
Principles and Recommendations
References and Resources
See PDF version: Position Paper on Language and Literacy Development for Young English Language Learners (ages 3-8) [PDF, 432KB]
Literacy learning and language acquisition are essential to young children's cognitive and social development. For all students, a strong and solid early education is critical to ensuring their long-term academic success. "Academic success, as defined by high school graduation, can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by knowing someone's reading skill at the end of grade 3" (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998). Improving reading programs in early childhood and primary classrooms is the key to making sure that all students read on grade level by the third grade. For young learners of English who are speakers of other languages (ESOL), the challenges of literacy and language development are different if they are learning in an all-English environment where they need the language to function in school, or if they are in an environment where English is taught as a foreign language (EFL) in school. The focus of this position statement is those children who speak a language other than English at home and are entering school environments where English is the principal medium of instruction.
Principles and Recommendations
Based on research in early literacy development and second language acquisition, the following features of effective early literacy programs are recommended for young ESOL students.
1. Oral language and literacy development is supported by the student's native language.
All young children come to school equipped with a foundation in knowledge and learning from home. Development and learning begin in the first language, and it is in this language that children begin to construct their knowledge and form meaningful communicative relationships. Successful early childhood programs acknowledge and build upon this prior knowledge. Wherever possible, young ESOL learners should receive their initial reading instruction in their native language. Research on second language development has shown that literacy in a second language is supported by literacy in the native language. Language and literacy knowledge in one language can serve as the foundation for a new language (Cummins, 1991; Paez & Rinaldi, 2006; Proctor, August, Carlo, & Snow, 2006). Moreover, use of the native language builds a connection between the home and school. ESOL students' families should be encouraged to read and talk to their children in the family's native language if this is their strongest language. Families should be encouraged to develop literacy in the native language even when schools are not able to provide it, keeping in mind that not all families have had formal schooling opportunities. ESOL students' interaction with their families in their native language will give them the richest possible language foundation, advancing the learning of their first language as well as English, in both academic and social situations. Incorporating the native language to the second language learning process will allow young children to associate reading and writing with meaning and literacy knowledge derived from their home experiences.
2. Literacy learning in English is an on-going process that requires time and appropriate support.
It is well documented that all children learn at different rates. This principle is especially true for young ESOL learners, because L1 language development is distinctive from English L2 development. It varies based on a number of factors, such as how much literacy background they already have, the difference between the languages' writing systems, the age of the student when they were introducedto schooling in English, and the nature of the demands (i.e., are they learning English as a subject in Qatar vs. going to second grade in Australia where all the subjects are taught in English). Contrary to what was once believed, ESOL learners can begin to develop literacy in English while they are still acquiring English (Hudelson, 1989). Literacy, cognitive, and conceptual development of ESOL students should be interlaced. However, even once they begin literacy instruction in English, ESOL learners will still need to continually develop their English proficiency. Oral or social language proficiency, which can be achieved within 2–3 years, should not be equated with academic proficiency or literacy in a language. Academic language develops over time, with repeated exposures to content and experiences and can take between 5 and 7 years (Cummins, 1991). Therefore, accountability systems that hold teachers and schools responsible for the English literacy development of ESOL learners in an unrealistic time frame may, in the long run, hinder the students' chances for academic success.
3. Instruction and materials are culturally and developmentally appropriate.
ESOL students who are at the early stages of schooling (ages 4–8) need to experience developmentally appropriate instruction that will help them acquire oral and written language proficiency in one or more languages. Developmentally appropriate practices require knowledge of child development including language and literacy learning, knowledge of students' strengths and needs, and knowledge of students' social and cultural context (Bredekamp & Copple, 1997). This kind of instruction engages children in meaningful interactions with adults, other children, concrete materials, and print materials. The materials that are used for young ESOL students need to be comprehensible, that is, designed to meet their linguistic and cultural needs as well as their developmental, cognitive, and social needs. In developmentally appropriate classrooms, students spend most of their time in rich language environments in which they observe, touch, listen, talk, and interact. Early reading and writing instruction is initially (ages 3–5) largely informal, playful, and based on oral language activities and personal experiences and can effectively incorporate the content areas. Instructors should limit activities that typically challenge the attention span of young learners, such as sitting quietly and listening for long periods, and printing neatly on fine-lined paper. More formal instruction in reading and writing is gradually introduced (ages 6–8), although emphasis on oral language activities, personal experiences, and learning through the content areas continue to be some of the most effective means of making instruction comprehensible for ESOL students. Standards-based instruction, as described in PreK–12 English Language Proficiency Standards (TESOL, 2006), Integrating the ESL Standards Into Classroom Practice: Grades Pre-K–2 (TESOL, 2001), and Paper to Practice: Using the TESOL ELP Standards in PreK–12 Classrooms (TESOL, 2009) should be incorporated into developmentally appropriate practices.
4. Literacy programs are meaning-based and balanced.
ESOL learners need to understand why people read and write in order to be motivated to excel in their own literacy development. A preponderance of instruction focusing on the development of isolated skills such as phonics and reading fluency does not foster overall reading comprehension for ESOL students. For these students, reading comprehension is advanced when such skill instruction is connected to language that is comprehensible to them and firmly grounded in experiences with whole texts. A balanced literacy program will teach both reading and writing skills within the context of meaningful interactions with texts that elicit students' emotional and intellectual responses to ideas, characters, and events. Such texts should represent the variety of texts people have access to in their daily lives (i.e., newspapers, letters, directions, recipes, various forms of literature) to provide students with an accurate knowledge of the possibilities available to them for either reading or writing. Exposure to variety is key for ESOL students, as they may not only be learning a new language but a new culture as well. Using children's literature from a wide variety of cultural backgrounds will be a key part of such a program and will ensure that ESOL students feel included and represented. Writing experiences should also be varied and teach students to write in different genres across content areas. Effective literacy programs seek both literacy and content development, assert that students within the program are learning the same content as native-English-speaking children, and look beyond the classroom for literacy experiences.
5. Assessment is reliable, valid, and ongoing.
A variety of formal and informal tools should be used to accurately assess the literacy development of young ESOL learners. These tools should be culturally and developmentally appropriate as well as connected to the instruction and curriculum of the classroom. Models that are culturally responsive and operate within a collaborative structure such as Response to Intervention (RTI) provide a fair assessment context. Culturally responsive systems are grounded in the belief that ESOL students can excel academically. Such models use universal screening, tiered instructional delivery, and continuous progress monitoring systems in both languages when warranted. Specifically, a variety of formal and informal tools should be used to accurately assess the literacy development of young ESOL learners. Teachers should be aware that errors on assessments of English literacy skills can be developmental in nature and will disappear over time as students acquire English language proficiency. By continually using reliable, valid, and fair assessments, teachers are able to modify their instruction and tailor it to the individual needs of ESOL learners. Gathering classroom data through a variety of assessments on an ongoing basis, as described in Scenarios for ESL Standards- Based Assessment (TESOL, 2001), keeps teachers apprised of student progress toward the attainment of ESL standards.
6. Professional preparation and development is continually provided for educators regarding linguistic and cultural diversity.
The presence of English language learners and culturally diverse classrooms—long a characteristic only of major cities—is more and more becoming the norm throughout the country (Capp, R., Fix, M., Murray, J., Ost, J., Passel, J.S. & Herwantoro, S., 1995). In order to face the challenges that come with a diverse classroom, all educators and administrators need to have both pre- and in-service training opportunities in linguistic and cultural diversity, and in principles of first and second language development. It is also critical for early childhood educators to understand the linguistic and cultural backgrounds of their students in order to facilitate learning and build cross-cultural understandings with their students' families.
Preparing all teachers as well as teacher educators on the principles of second language and literacy development and effective instructional practices to engage ESOL learners can favorably impact the education of ESOL students (Brisk, 2008; Menyuk & Brisk, 2005).
The quality of education young children receive in their first years of schooling (ages 3–8) is often a critical indicator of their long-term academic success. Early literacy and language development are interlaced with social and cognitive development and are vital elements in the education of young children. For ESOL learners, the complexities involved with literacy and language development are compounded by the fact that they must be achieved in a language other than their native language, and often before they are literate in that language. Successful early childhood programs build upon the knowledge that young learners bring from home, and for young ESOL learners, this knowledge is learned and expressed in their native language.
Research on second language development has shown that literacy in a second language is supported by literacy in the native language. Language and literacy knowledge in one language can serve as the foundation for a new language.
Differences between social and academic language need to be recognized and addressed by all teachers that ESOL students encounter. In other words, all teachers need to understand that social language is based principally on familiar and often concrete concepts, whereas academic language is more linguistically complex, often involving abstract concepts, and is embedded into new cognitive information and topics. As a result, teachers, administrators, and families should understand that social language skills may develop within 2–3 years, as compared to full academic proficiency in a second language, which is more literacy dependent and can take 5–7 years to develop (Collier, V. P., 1989; Cummins, J., 1984). Arbitrary time limits for mainstreaming ESOL learners should not be placed on programs. Acquisition of language, particularly academic language, continues through education. Therefore, all teachers should view themselves as teachers of the English language and engage students in multimodal activities that include speaking, listening, reading, and writing within their content-area instruction to support students' success in English.
Instruction and materials should be appropriate in terms of developmental characteristics and language proficiency. Effective literacy programs maintain a balanced focus on both literacy and content development. In order to measure young learners' progress, a variety of formal and informal tools should be used that are reliable, valid, and fair. Most important, early childhood educators, just as their peers in K–12 education, need to receive pre- and in-service training on the importance of linguistic and cultural diversity as well as the foundations of second language learning for children from ages 3–8 so that they can meet the needs and challenges of their diverse classrooms.
References and Resources
August, D., & Shanahan, T. (2006). Developing literacy in second-language learners: Report of the national literacy panel on language-minority children and youth. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bredekamp, S., & Copple, C. (1997). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.
Brisk, M.E. (Ed.). (2008). Language, culture, and community in teacher education. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (for the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education).
Capp, R., Fix, M., Murray, J., Ost, J., Passel, J. S., & Herwantoro, S. (1995). The new demography of America's schools: Immigration and the No Child Left Behind Act. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
Cummins, J. (1991). Interdependence of first- and second-language proficiency in bilingual children. In E. Bialystok (Ed.), Language processing in bilingual children (pp. 70–89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Echevarria, M. E., Vogt, J., & Short, D. J. (2007). Making content comprehensible for English learners: The SIOP model (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson, Allen & Bacon.
ERIC Clearinghouse for Languages and Linguistics. (2000). What early childhood teachers need to know about language. Washington, DC: Author. ERIC Digest. Retrieved November 5, 2001
Fitzgerald, J. (2006). Multilingual writing in preschool through 12th grade: The last 15 years. In C. A. MacArthur, S. Graham, and J. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Handbook of writing research (pp. 337–354). New York: The Guilford Press.
Fuchs, D, Fuchs, L. S., Compton, D. L., Bouton, B., Caffrey, E., & Hill, L. (2008). Dynamic assessment as responsiveness to intervention: A scripted protocol to identify young at-risk readers. In Council for Exceptional Children (Ed.), Responsiveness to intervention: A collection of articles from Teaching Exceptional Children (pp. 79–89). Arlington, VA: Author.
Garcia, G. E. (2000). Bilingual children's reading. In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. III, pp. 813–834). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Genesee, F., Paradis, J., & Crago, M. B. (2004). Dual language development and disorders: A handbook on bilingualism & second language learning. Baltimore, MD: Paul Brooks.
Gottlieb, M., Katz, A., & Ernst-Slavit, G. (2009) Paper to practice: Using the tesol elp standards in prek–12 classrooms. Alexandria, VA: TESOL.
Hinkel, E. (Ed.). (2005). Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hudelson, S. (1989). Write on: Children writing in ESL. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents International Reading Association (IRA). (2001). Second-language literacy instruction. Newark, DE: Author.
International Reading Association (IRA) & National Association for the Education of Young Children. (1998). Learning to read and write: Developmentally appropriate practices for young children. Newark, DE: Author.
Institute of Education Science (2007). Effective literacy and English language instruction for English learners in the elementary grades. Washington, DC: author. Available at http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/pdf/practiceguides/20074011.pdf
McLaughlin, B. (1995). Fostering second language development for young children: Principles and practices. Washington, DC: National Center for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learning and the Center for Applied Linguistics.
Menyuk, P., & Brisk, M.E. (2005). Language development and education: Children with varying language experience. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave MacMillan.
National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). (2009). Where we stand on responding to linguistic and cultural diversity. Washington, DC: Author. http://www.naeyc.org/files/naeyc/file/positions/diversity.pdf
National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). (1995). Responding to linguistic and cultural diversity: Recommendations for the education of young children. Washington, DC: Author. Available at http://www.naeyc.org/files/naeyc/file/positions/PSDIV98.PDF
National Center for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learning. (1995). Fostering second language development in young children. Washington, DC: ERIC Clearinghouse for Languages and Linguistics/Center for Applied Linguistics. ERIC Digest. Retrieved November 5, 2001.
Neuman, S. B., & Roskos, K. A. (Eds.). (1998). Children achieving: Best practices in early literacy. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Nissani, H. (1993). Early childhood programs for language minority students. Washington, DC: ERIC Clearinghouse for Languages and Linguistics/Center for Applied Linguistics. Retrieved November 5, 2001.
Páez, M., & Rinaldi, C. (2006). Predicting English word reading skills for Spanish-speaking students in first grade. Topics in Language Disorders, 26, 338–350.
Proctor, August, Carlo, & Snow (2006). The intriguing role of Spanish language vocabulary knowledge in predicting English reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(1), 150–169.
Peregoy, S. F., & Boyle, O. F. (2008). Reading, writing, and learning in ESL: A resource for K–12 teachers (5th ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.
Rinaldi, C. & Samson, J. (2008). English language learners and response to intervention: referral considerations. In Council for Exceptional Children (Ed.), Responsiveness to intervention: A collection of articles from Teaching Exceptional Children (pp. 119–134). Arlington, VA: Author.
Schinke-Llano, L., & Rauff, R. (Eds.). (1996). New ways in teaching young children. Alexandria, VA: TESOL.
Smallwood, B. A. (Ed.). (2000). Integrating the ESL standards into classroom practice: Grades pre- K–2. Alexandria, VA: TESOL.
Snow, C., Burns, M. S., & Griffin, P. (Eds.). (1998). Preventing reading difficulties in young children. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Tabors, P. O. (2008). One child, two languages. A guide for preschool educators of children learning English as a second language (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Tabors, P. O., & Snow, C. E. (1994). ESL in preschool classrooms. In F. Genesse (Ed.), Educating second language children: The whole child, the whole curriculum, the whole community. New York: Cambridge University Press.
TESOL. (2006). PreK–12 English language proficiency standards. Alexandria, VA: Author.
TESOL. (2001). Scenarios for ESL standards-based assessment. Alexandria, VA: Author.
Approved by the Board of Directors October 2001 Revised March 2010
Position Paper on Language and Literacy Development for Young English Language Learners (Ages 3-8). Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). 2001. English.
Last Reviewed: July 2010
Last Updated: April 9, 2015


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Second otoplasty surgery. Is it normal my ears are moving during the healing process?
hello doctors, I have done my second otoplasty surgery before 2 weeks and I still feel that my is slightly keep moving. I have asked my doctor and he said it is normal that ears during healing process that they slightly move a bit. so my question is that true or no ?? Thanks for your coopearation
Doctor Answers 1
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


text:
'European Foods Ltd manufacture probably the best tasting cheese alternative in Europe. We can add mature cheddar for a real cheese taste, if you…14 Sep 2016 Richard Hemming MW
Maureen Downey of Chai Consulting and, soon, winefraud.com, was in London recently. At Portland restaurant she treated us to some of her observations…10 Jun 2015 Jancis Robinson Richard Hemming MW
Nick Bartman, the lawyer specialising in anti-counterfeiting who was responsible for our riveting series on Chinese fakery, has a simple and…19 Jan 2015 Guest contributor
A slightly shorter version of this article was also published in the Financial Times.When she wanted hands-on winemaking experience, Maureen Downey…5 Jul 2014 Jancis Robinson
The wine trade would dearly love the whole issue of fake wine to disappear. I keep thinking of Aubert de Villaine, for example, who would like to…12 May 2014 Jancis Robinson
The following is a statement by Stephen Wlliams of The Antique Wine Company in response to the lawsuit described in British fine-wine merchant sued…22 Apr 2014 Jancis Robinson
Later that same day: Stephen Williams responds here.Lawyers acting for Atlanta real-estate developer Julian LeCraw Jr filed a 59-page complaint last…22 Apr 2014 Jancis Robinson
Not since the Mondavi brothers faced each other in a San Francisco courtroom has there been so much drama in the world of fine wine. Like many of my…16 Jan 2014 Alder Yarrow
See Julia's notes on Pomerol 2012s on Monday.At the en primeur tasting earlier this month in their very fine new cellar (never mind the size, feel the…25 Apr 2013 Julia Harding MW
These days it seems as though the tool of choice for the upper echelon of the American fine-wine scene is neither a Laguiole nor a personal cellar…18 Apr 2013 Alder Yarrow
Burgundians were shocked yesterday to find three pages of their daily paper, the quaintly named Bien Public, devoted to the news that four of the most…14 Jun 2012 Jancis Robinson
American wine writer Michael Steinberger has been rather quiet of late as he has been entangled with the Vanity Fair editorial team writing a long…12 Jun 2012 Jancis Robinson
Concerned by the recent pollution of the fine wine market by counterfeits (just put 'Rudy' in our search box…), and alerted to recent offers of fake…8 Jun 2012 Jancis Robinson
15 May - Read a racy 4,000-word account of the story of Rudy to date by Benjamin Wallace, author of The Billionaire's Vinegar, just published in New…15 May 2012 Jancis Robinson
This is a longer version of an article also published in the Financial Times.When the FBI arrest someone for wine fraud, you know this crime has moved…28 Apr 2012 Jancis Robinson


text:
Chris De Dier
Chris De Dier was born in Ninove, Belgium in 1958. He grew up in Aalst and studied design and art history at the St. Lucas Institute in Brussels. In 1986 he moved to Toronto, ON where he opened a retail clothing business, importing French designer collections for women and designing the collections under his private label. He started exhibiting his paintings publicly in London, ON in 1990. Since 1996 he has lived in Texas. He owned and managed a hotel in Wimberley, TX until March 2005. Currently he lives in Austin, TX..


text:
Affiliations: From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,
From the Department of Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFR, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,
From the Department of Hematology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,
From the Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
1998 by the American College of Chest Physicians
Study objectives: To determine the circulating anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) response during the development of sepsis-induced multiple organ failure in children.
Design: Prospective study.
Setting: University pediatric ICU.
Patients: Fifty-three consecutive children with sepsis and 15 critically ill children without sepsis.
Interventions: Plasma IL-10, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nitrite+nitrate (stable end products of nitric oxide) levels and an organ failure index (OFI indicating the number of failing organ systems) were determined in 53 children on days 1 to 3 of sepsis and in control children on day 1. The effect of exogenous human IL-10 or neutralizing IL-10 antibody on supernatant IL-6 levels in ex vivo whole blood culture from 17 children on day 1 of sepsis.
Measurements and results: Children with three or more organ failures had higher plasma IL-10 levels than children with less than 3 organ failures (days 1 and 3; p<0.05). Children who developed sequential pulmonary/hepatic/renal failure had higher IL-10 levels (days 1 to 3; p<0.05). Nonsurvivors had higher IL-10 levels (day 3; p<0.05). IL-10 levels correlated with IL-6 levels (days 1 and 2) and nitrite+nitrate levels (days 1 and 3; p<0.05). Whole blood samples incubated ex vivo with exogenous recombinant human IL-10 had decreased supernatant IL-6 levels (p<0.05) and neutralizing IL-10 antibody showed no significant effect.
Conclusion: A persistent compensatory anti-inflammatory cytokine response characterizes sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. Administration of exogenous IL-10 may inhibit the early proinflammatory response; however, identification of individual immune responsiveness and possibility of persistent infection could be important to rational use in the later stages of pediatric sepsis.
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Day Ten
By then the sun had slipped far enough towards the horizon that the streets were coated with wintry shadows. But Gerald had one more stop to make before he returned to the castle, so he buried his hands in his pockets, hunched up his shoulders, and trudged on. Thankfully, he knew exactly where he was going this time.
As he moved through the thinning crowds, his thoughts returned again and again to his newly purchased sword and the way he had felt holding it. Magnus had been right - there was a new confidence stirring within him. He now had a weapon to carry out his plan with, and he was even going to be taught how to use it. There was no stopping him.
But then his eyes fell upon a poster nailed onto a tavern wall and stop he did.
There were two men standing near it, retired soldiers judging by their age and the way they carried themselves. They were discussing whether or not they would take up the challenge that had been written on the poster in big black letters, beneath a picture of Blackwing The Beheader.
"Behead the Beheader and become the next king," Gerald read aloud. "Receive your Royal Promise from King Owen in the Great Hall, one hour after sunrise, this Friday." Hearing him, the two men turned to look at the jester. He offered them a weak smile. "So will I be bending my knee to either of you in the near future?"
"Not me," the man on the right replied with a shake of his head. "I've seen more than enough bloodshed in my days. I'll leave this beastie for the young ones."
"Aye, the ones that don't know enough to know better," the second man added. "Dragon killing is about as dangerous as it gets and I'm lucky to have survived the risks I've already taken." He jerked a thumb at the poster. "Would you want to stand in front of that massive creature, with a wee little sword, and try to take its bloody head off?"
Gerald stared at the image of the dragon. Rising up on thick hind legs, wings fully extended, talons ready to rend, teeth ready to shred. He tried to picture himself standing in the foreground, new sword held high in his hands. He wasn't sure whether he should laugh or cry.
"No, that sounds rather… insane, actually," Gerald said, wondering if he would be better off bashing his head against a wall in order to lose a few brain cells instead of wasting precious time working on his swordsmanship. "Good luck to the nuts who are actually going to try, hey?"
The two men nodded their agreement before heading into the warm confines of the tavern. Gerald stood shivering in the street for a few moments, telling himself it was just the rapidly cooling air, before finally continuing on. All of the confidence that had buoyed him along only a few minutes ago seemed to have vanished in the breeze that was steadily increasing in intensity.
By the time he was standing outside the butcher shop he was no longer certain he should bother entering. But he wasn't getting any warmer staring up at the black and red sign hanging above the door and it smelled like someone inside had a steak over the coals, causing his stomach to cast a rather demanding vote that he get in there.
"Well I already have the coins in my pocket," he muttered as he made his decision. "Better to spend them on this than… I don't even know what else I'd buy. A nice frilly dress to wear to the Great Hall to make sure everyone knows I'm really just a scared little girl?"
With a sigh he forced himself into Leave It To Cleaver and tried to concentrate on the things he would need. If he actually left. Which he very much doubted he would.
"Jerry! It's good to see you again!"
The man everyone called Cleaver waved a chubby hand at the jester while he used his namesake to remove the legs from a chicken. A man of average height and above average appetite, Cleaver was a man who enjoyed his primary work from beginning to end. Dressed in a red apron (to hide the blood stains from his more squeamish customers) and almost always smiling, the butcher seemed to have a monopoly on all of the best sources of meat in the kingdom. No other meat shop in the city could come even close to the quality of his goods.
A casual observer would never have guessed what the jovial man's other job was.
"Good day, Cleaver," Gerald said. "It smells fantastic in here - have you started selling cooked meat then?"
"No, you just caught me as I was about to close up shop," the big man said with a chuckle. "What you smell is my dinner - I was getting hungry and couldn't wait any longer!"
Gerald nodded and allowed his stomach to rumble its approval. He patted it gently and assured it that he would feed it food soon. But first there were coins to be spent.
"Is it too late for me to pick up a few… well, a lot of things?"
"Of course not - as long as you don't mind me eating while you shop!"
Gerald moved around the store, ignoring the fresh cuts and zeroing in on the dried meats. He grabbed a large sack from a box on the floor and filled it with a week's worth of lamb. After placing that on the counter, he did the same with another bag and the dried beef. Once that was deposited next to the first bag, he grabbed a third and headed for the goat meat.
"Going somewhere, Jerry?" Cleaver called as he tore a chunk off of his steak with his bare hands. There was concern in his voice and in his eyes.
"What? Oh, this stuff isn't for me," Gerald replied with a shaky smile. He was a terrible liar and he knew it. Best to keep the explanation as short as possible. "One of the servants is taking a trip up north to visit some relatives but he's busy with his duties and asked me to pick up some things for him. He, um, really likes your stuff. As well he should! Best stuff in the city by far, I've always said so!"
Gerald turned back to the dried goat cuts with a grimace, having been forced to silence himself by biting his tongue. Reaching for another piece, he suspected he had drawn blood.
"Is that right?" Cleaver asked, putting down his steak and wiping his hands on a relatively clean cloth. "Who's that, then? I remember all my customers - I bet I could even tell you his favorite meat!"
Cursing his stupidity, Gerald brought the last sack over and added it to his pile. He reached for his coins with trembling fingers and spilled several coppers onto the floor.
"Oops, sorry about that," he mumbled, dropping to his knees to fetch them. Unfortunately the delay didn't produce any good answers and by the time he had returned to his full height the butcher was watching him closely. "Actually I… I don't think he does any of his own shopping. Here. The king keeps him very busy, you see. So, um, how much do I owe you?"
Cleaver offered only a grunt in reply as he placed the sacks one at a time on his scale, jotting down the weight of each on a scrap of paper. While he tallied up the total he kept glancing up at the jester.
"This wouldn't have anything to do with that dragon nonsense, would it?"
"I certainly hope not!" Gerald said with a nervous laugh. "This guy wouldn't last a minute against Blackwing!" Finding an uncomfortable amount of truth in that last lie, he hurried on. "Speaking of which… can I ask you a personal question?"
"You can ask it," Cleaver told him with a hint of his usual smile, "and I just might answer it."
"Fair enough." Gerald cleared his throat as he tried to find the best way to word it. "Okay. So, not to be too blunt or anything, but you basically make your living by killing things."
"And cutting things."
"Right, that too. Um, does it… does it ever bother you? The killing, I mean."
"Which one of my jobs are we talking about here?" Cleaver asked, resting his forearms on the counter.
"Either. Both, I suppose."
"The answer is no to both, but I'll expand on that a little since you've caught me at an… interesting time." The man had Gerald's full attention as he eased himself around the counter and took a seat on one of the stools normally reserved for customer use. "When I'm here, the killing is easy. One goat dies so that a family can live for a week. A cow is sacrificed so another family lives for a month. I treat the animals with respect, I make them as comfortable as possible, but at the end of the day I have to see them as food."
"And when you are called to the castle to serve the king?"
"When I'm there, the killing is never easy." Cleaver ran a hand through his short black hair and closed his eyes. "But it is easier to justify. As Royal Executioner, the men whose lives I end have committed the worst crimes imaginable. I sleep better knowing that they are no longer with us. But it is not easy."
They were silent for a while before Gerald remembered something the butcher had said earlier.
"What did you mean by this being an 'interesting' time for you?"
"My business here is doing very well," Cleaver told him as he returned to his usual side of the counter. "And I live very simply. Now that my home is fully paid for, I think I can afford to only have one job."
"You're stepping down as Royal Executioner?"
"As soon as a man can be found to take my place. I've told King Owen and he understands my position. The search for my replacement has already begun, but it's not the easiest job in the world to fill. I have promised to continue on until then, but… it is wearing on me."
"I hope, for your sake, that a new man is found soon," Gerald said, placing the coins he owed the butcher for the meat on the counter and heaving the sacks over his shoulders. "And that no new executions are required until then. Take care, Cleaver."
"You too, Jerry. Tell your friend I wish him a safe journey north."
"I will, thank you."
With those parting words Gerald escaped back to the streets, which felt like they had grown several degrees colder since he had first entered the shop. He hurried back to the castle, as best he could with the weight of the meats making his legs and shoulders ache. By the time he reached the side gate the sun had slipped from the sky and the soldiers on duty were holding torches.
"Who wishes to enter King Owen's… oh, hey Jerry! What have you got there?"
"Hey guys, just a delivery for the kitchens. Doing Madame Larue a favor - maybe I'll get an extra helping of bacon tomorrow for this!"
"Ha, good luck with that. That woman guards the food as though they were her own children! Anyway, in you go before you freeze to death with us out here. Have a good night!"
Gerald entered the castle grounds with a sigh of relief, grateful that the soldiers hadn't wanted to inspect his bags or asked further questions. He felt like he was all out of lies by then.
He managed to reach his room without further hassle as most of the castle's inhabitants were busy eating dinner. He stuffed his food for the road north under his bed and then forced his legs to carry him down to the kitchens. If he had thought of the trek back up the stairs required to get him back afterward, he probably would have chosen to starve for the night.
As it was, his stomach had barely begun digesting his dinner before he collapsed onto his bed and fell into an exhausted sleep.


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Hey Guys,
On the Pocket Predator slingshots from Bill Hayes, he uses a very small diameter tubing to tie the bands to the pouch. I have searched quite a bit and I haven't been able to locate this stuff. Does anyone know what it is called and where you can buy it?


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Safe Card Speed*Max WA, Select State/Province USA
Safe Card Speed*Max WA Web: speedmaxpc.com/ safecart.com/ advancedtechsupport.com/ I am a Senior Canadian citizen and find that off and on, a claimant shown in the Credit Card Account as "SAFECART SPEED*MAX WA has been claiming amounts like $46.00 $45.95 $.4.50 and the latest $30.35 fraudulently and without my having any knowledge of what these amounts are for. - Probably the USA Unknown -
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
I became aware of this name SafeCard Speed*MaxPC 855-432-0727 WA only from my Credit Card Account, where a fradulent payment has been made on 21/4/2014 being the 3rd time having claimed such amounts in the past. It appears that the fraudsters are a fictitious PC updators, going by their above name and I have found the same fraudsters have been exposed in the Internet, from which proceeds, I was able to make this complaint.
I have urged my Bank to cause action to be taken to refund the monies recovered from my Credit Card and also requested them to take necessary action to stop a further recurrence, as I hve experienced this during years 2012, 2013 and this year too.
Wish and pray, action is taken to blacklist these fraudsters and assist stop these thieves.
Calgary Alberta, Canada.=
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 04/26/2014 07:46 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/safe-card-speedmax-wa/select-stateprovince/safe-card-speedmax-wa-web-speedmaxpccom-safecartcom-advancedtechsupportcom-i-am-a-1141884. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text: Canon EOS 5D Mark III Digital Camera with 24-105mm f/4L IS USM AF Lens - NEW USA $3500.00 + FREE Shipping See Deal Flag this deal Edit deal What's the matter? Choose a reason Dead deal Duplicate Bad link Spam Inaccurate No value Alive again Comments (1) erick99 Apr 24, 2013 A beautiful camera that is so far out of my reach but I would love to play with one. This model still uses a mirror to give you that single lens reflex action. Great specs and a very nice variable zoom lens that gives you a basic wide angle to nearly a portrait lens. Reply Cancel Load More Comments


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FDA Approves Lenvatinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma »
"The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved lenvatinib (Lenvima, Eisai), in combination with everolimus, for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who were previously treated with an anti-angiogenic ther"...
Read the FDA Approves Lenvatinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma article »
TORISEL Kit
(temsirolimus) Injection
Temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR, is an antineoplastic agent.
Temsirolimus is a white to off-white powder with a molecular formula of C56H87NO16 and a molecular weight of 1030.30. It is non-hygroscopic. Temsirolimus is practically insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol. It has no ionizable functional groups, and its solubility is independent of pH.
The chemical name of temsirolimus is (3S,6R,7E,9R,10R,12R,14S,15E,17E,19E,21S,23S,26R,27R,34aS)9,10,12,13,14,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,32,33,34,34a-Hexadecahydro-9,27-dihydroxy-3-[(1R)-2[(1S,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-1-methylethyl]-10,21-dimethoxy-6,8,12,14,20,26hexamethyl-23, 27-epoxy-3H-pyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxaazacyclohentriacontine1,5,11,28,29(4H,6H,31H)-pentone 4′-[2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionate]; or Rapamycin, 42-[3hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate].
TORISEL (temsirolimus) injection, 25 mg/mL, is a clear, colorless to light yellow, non-aqueous, ethanolic, sterile solution. TORISEL (temsirolimus) injection requires two dilutions prior to intravenous infusion. TORISEL (temsirolimus) injection should be diluted only with the supplied DILUENT for TORISEL®.
DILUENT for TORISEL® is a sterile, non-aqueous solution that is supplied with TORISEL injection, as a kit.
TORISEL (Temsirolimus) Injection, 25 mg/mL
Active ingredient: temsirolimus (25 mg/mL)
Inactive ingredients: dehydrated alcohol (39.5% w/v), dl-alpha-tocopherol (0.075% w/v), propylene glycol (50.3% w/v), and anhydrous citric acid (0.0025% w/v).
DILUENT For TORISEL®
Inactive ingredients: polysorbate 80 (40.0% w/v), polyethylene glycol 400 (42.8% w/v) and dehydrated alcohol (19.9% w/v).
After the TORISEL (temsirolimus) injection vial has been diluted with DILUENT for TORISEL®, in accordance with the instructions in section 2.5, the solution contains 35.2% alcohol.
TORISEL (temsirolimus) injection and DILUENT for TORISEL® are filled in clear glass vials with butyl rubber stoppers.
What are the possible side effects of temsirolimus (Torisel)?
Some people receiving a temsirolimus injection have had a reaction to the infusion (when the medicine is injected into the vein). Tell your caregiver right away if you feel dizzy, warm, tingly, light-headed, short of breath, or have chest pain or trouble breathing during the injection.
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:
- fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, sores in...
Read All Potential Side Effects and See Pictures of Torisel »
What are the precautions when taking temsirolimus injection (Torisel)?
Before receiving temsirolimus, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to sirolimus; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.
Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: diabetes, high cholesterol/triglyceride levels, liver disease, kidney disease, recent/current infections or wounds, recent surgery, brain cancer.
Temsirolimus can make you more likely to get infections or may worsen any current infections. Therefore, wash your hands well to prevent the spread of infection. Avoid contact with people who have infections that may spread to others (such as chickenpox,...
Last reviewed on RxList: 8/5/2016
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Torisel FDA Prescribing Information
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Torisel - User Reviews
Torisel User Reviews
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Here is a collection of user reviews for the medication Torisel sorted by most helpful.
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While it may not be difficult to locate replacement parts for Plymouth vehicles, these days the necessity for nothing but the absolute best are required to maintain your automobile. Your Plymouth dealership isn't the only place to locate the best parts to repair your Voyager. It's not all the time that you discover you need a replacement Drive & Serpentine Belt to fix your automobile. The vehicle in your driveway symbolizes the best in class when it comes to all the vehicles in today's marketplace.
One of the keys to maintaining an operational engine and full use of your accessories is keeping an eye on your drive belts. Your Plymouth Voyager drive or serpentine belts transmit power from the crankshaft to these accessories. But since they are traveling at such high speeds, they can be prone to breaking; potentially leaving your engine without the use of its A/C compressor, power steering, or more. Plymouth Voyager engines with more than one belt joining all of the accessories to the crank pulley have a drive belt system, while a serpentine belt system does the job with just one.
At Car Parts Discount, we have real customer support agents here with enough expertise to help you buy the appropriate Plymouth Voyager part for your needs. Don't let a Drive & Serpentine Belt repair spell the end of your car, truck, or SUV, and don't risk lowering its resale value by buying anything but the highest quality replacement parts. Given all the trouble that can be involved with repairing damage to your car or truck, let www.carpartsdiscount.com be the most authoritative website you go to make buying it easy. Need 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1989, 1988, 1987, 1986, 1985, 1984 Plymouth Voyager Drive & Serpentine Belt parts? We've got them right here.


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F. Llamas St., Labangon, Cebu City 2 Bedroom and 3 Bedroom Apartment units newly build available by for rent. Location: F. Llamas St., Labnangon, Cebu City The location is very near to churches,schools, three department store,5 minutes drive to SRP ,SM seaside and few banks. The location is along the road ,300 meters along highway and easy to ride by a tricycle and walking distance to public utility jeep. Floor Area : 3 BR with 2 CR -100 sq.m. +/- 2 BR with 2 CR - 60 sq.m. +/- 2 BR with 1 CR- 50 sq.m +/- Features : -Lavatory -Kitchen -Cabinet - Service area - Aircon provision - Parking lot (first come first serve ) - 24 hours security Monthly rental : 3BR & 2CR-22,000 with parking 20,000 w/o parking 2BR & 2CR - 20,000 with parking 18,000 w/o parking 2BR & 1CR- 14,750 with parking 12,750 w/o parking Mode of payment : 2 months security deposits 1 month advance For 1 year with pdc check 0942 800 5863 SUN 0906 500 0015 GLOBE 0921 691 4550 SMART (032) 514 5945 LANDLINE EMILIO L. GARAY, JR., REB PRC #0013970 HLURB-CVR-B-03/16-0790 Bachelors Realty
|For rent
|Num. Rooms
|Num. Bathrooms
|New construction
|Square Meters
|Square Meters (total)
|Num. Floors
|Floor Number
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Stained Glass Dragonfly Lamp Cake
I did this cake for a friend of my aunt's wedding shower. My aunt wanted anything with dragonflies and I had had the idea of doing something with stained glass on a cake for a long time. it took a long time and I wasn't really sure it would turn out as I had imagined, but I was actually really pleased with the results and everyone at the party loved it. I now have plans and drawings for many more lamp cakes, I think they're going to become my specialty :) I'll post another pic so the whole 'lamp' shows.
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40 CFR 300.905 - NCP Product Schedule.
(a)Oil Discharges.
(1) EPA shall maintain a schedule of dispersants and other chemical or bioremediation products that may be authorized for use on oil discharges in accordance with the procedures set forth in § 300.910. This schedule, called the NCP Product Schedule, may be obtained from the Emergency Response Division (5202-G), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. The telephone number is 703-603-8760.
(2) Products may be added to the NCP Product Schedule by the process specified in § 300.920.
(b)Hazardous Substance Releases. [Reserved]
Title 40 published on 2015-08-22
The following are ALL rules, proposed rules, and notices (chronologically) published in the Federal Register relating to 40 CFR Part 300 after this date.


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Condition: Standard
All Product Details
In London, Charlotte's beauty wins her many admirers, despite her small fortune. But Eliza's wit and attempts to interfere in what she considers an unsuitable marriage for her sister infuriate her family and Charlotte's suitor -- until Eliza herself meets her match. New and old fans alike will relish this witty, romantic, thoroughly entertaining novel from a highly talented author.
1. What is Eliza Collins's first impression of Bartholomew Bruton? What is Bruton's first impression of Eliza? How do their initial "prejudices" turn to affection? Why do you think Bruton realizes his love for Eliza long before she can admit her feelings to herself?
2. Charlotte is like a "marble statue" (page 111), yet she reveals her passionate side when she falls for George Warren. What do you think of Charlotte's character? Is she a good match for Montblaine, the Marble Marquis? Why does Eliza object to the match between Charlotte and Montblaine?
3. What is the difference between Eliza and Anthony's secret engagement, deemed a "boy-and-girl attachment" (page 225), and Eliza's feelings for Bruton? Do you believe that Eliza could fall in and out of love so quickly?
4. Eliza's anonymous sketches of clerical life and London society are a big hit in the Leeds Gazette and London Magazine. Why is it so risky for Eliza to write these satires? Do you think it is worth the risk? Do you suppose that after her marriage to Bruton, she could possibly reveal herself as the author of the sketches? Why or why not?
5. The Darcy Connection features at least two formidable villains: the slick clergyman Mr. Pyke and the dark and dangerous George Warren. Discuss what makes them the villains in the story. Which character do you find more villainous, and why?
6. Eliza escapes Mr. Pyke's blackmail by asking him what is inside the black box he keeps at Bruton's bank. What do you suppose the mysterious black box contains?
7. In the end, how does the "Darcy connection" influence Eliza's social standing? How does it affect her love life? Do you think that such a connection could make or break a marriage in our century? If so, how?
8. Eliza teases her friend Maria for her "melodramatic way of speaking, culled from intensive reading of popular novels whose heroines were greatly admired by Maria" (page 18). Do you think readers are more or less influenced by novels today than they were in the era in which The Darcy Connection is set? Do you believe there is a great difference "between the marbled covers of a novel" and "real life," as Eliza asserts (page 23)? Explain your answer.
9. The word provincial appears frequently in the novel, from Mr. Bruton's thoughts on Eliza to Eliza's change of heart about marrying a squire. Do you think Bruton meant the term provincial as an insult? Eliza tells Bruton at the end, "Who would have thought you'd end up marrying a mere provincial!" (page 287). Is Eliza still a provincial? Why or why not?
10. If you have read Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, which of Aston's original characters remind you of the characters Austen created two hundred years ago? Which character from Pride and Prejudice were you most pleased to revisit in The Darcy Connection?
11. How does The Darcy Connection compare to other books by Elizabeth Aston?
1. Eliza writes her satires anonymously, and her publishers know her as "Mrs. Palmer." If you were to write under a pen name, what would it be? Write down your imaginary pseudonym, and have your meeting's host pick each name out of a hat. Can your book club guess whose pen name is whose?
2. Bring a map of England to your book club meeting. Find all the places that Eliza visits on the map: Ripon, Derbyshire, London, and Dover. Also locate on a detailed map of London the areas mentioned in the book: Spitalfields, the Strand, and Covent Garden.
3. Research the history of Spitalfields, the market neighborhood where Eliza and Annie encounter merchants, pickpockets, and Bartholomew Bruton. Compare the novel's description of Spitalfields to what today's visitors see, hear, and buy. You can find pictures and shop descriptions at www.visitspitalfields.com.


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Heihachi needs something more~
In other words: he needs a buff.
Comparing to the other 3 that have low AP supers:
PaRappa: Can gain AP (though slow) when away, can bring in opponents, has a GREAT Level 2.
Toro: Has 3 forms to adapt to many situations, can jump/sleep/stall like crazy, has a ton of safe attacks, Level 1 is decent too
Spike: Most if not his attacks hit hard, can stun, has range, BANANAS =D, Level 2 is decent too
Heihachi can bring in some decent AP... ID he can hit anyone. What about his counter? It's the worst out of EVERYONE else who has a counter, if you miss it, you're gonna get punished big time. His only ranged move is trophy throw and it's not that good. His Level 2 can be good, but like Fat Princess: You got no control over it and leave up to the fate of the AI (Like her Level 3 BTW). Good luck trying to get close to Drake, Kratos, Ja... well EVERYONE else lol. Even Big Daddy can outbeat Heihachi due to armor and ranged attacks. Also did you know that Heihachi can "counter" only the stun (no push-back) Evil Cole's Giga Punch. I thought I was free to bait that punch, boy was I wrong *lifted killed*. He needs some help seriously. Also he has a lot of good ground combos, but the air: no so much.
One thing that I think would be nice, is that countering airborne opponent would auto-ground them into the same stun state. Since Hachi's got no range, it makes fighting annoying characters even more annoying (like Sly ElectricRollers, if it's countered, they're just sent flying out a bit and then they resume tele/rolling/counter spamming). He needs something against projectiles since he's a close range fighter.
Sorry for the rant, just think something should be said about him, unless I'm missing a LOT of opportunities.
Re: Heihachi needs something more~
December 13th 2012: Went 8-0 Stock Unranked FFA. (Jak)
January 10th 2013: Sniped Asis_aka_talent into Jak's lvl 1. (Uncle Radec)
April 16th 2013: Caught parappa's lvl 2 with Sweet Tooth's lvl 1 and didn't die in the process (Sweet Tooth)
May 5th 2013: Got my Radec eviscerated by whaatxddd's radec in 1v1. Kmart, u better watch out.
Just learnt "Drake" and is now learning "Nariko".
Re: Heihachi needs something more~
Unless they got a change, the lowest costing AP super characters are Heihachi, Toro, Spike, and PaRappa. Notice that they all have the same Level 3 as well: instakills. I'm pretty good, and still getting more used to Heihachi, but I think he needs a little MORE.
And you seriously have no problems with Kat either? XD That's kinda hard to believe in a way (just sayin')
Re: Heihachi needs something more~
maybe like an AP gain like parapa,Emmette and toro.....HE sits and meditatates while holding circle. enemy's can get more AP if they hit him in this state...something like that
Playstation.......Makes Us Believe In The Make Believe.
Re: Heihachi needs something more~[ Edited ]
or put the armour on his wave kick combo or his charge punch
Playstation.......Makes Us Believe In The Make Believe.


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Melton 195-L Bb-Tuba "Fafner"
Melton 195-L Bb- Tuba, model "Fafner", 4 rotory valves, bore size: 21,5mm, bell diameter: 48cm, height: 105cm, brass body and bell, clear lacquered, incl. mouthpiece and Melton Gigbag
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Pack less. Be more.
Home › Forums › Gear Forums › Gear (General) › BPL Kit
Hello All
So I was thinking about creating a UL kit based on BPL items. I will post one item per day if possible. Shelter Nano Tarp with BPL Stix poles, Nano Vapr Bivi, Torsolite/DIAD pad, UL 90 Quilt.
Feel free to add.
Thanks Jim
@porcupinephobiaLocale: PNW
Were you thinking member items? because some items from Jamie Shortt or Mr. Goat would make it have a real identity (And one of those ridged fosters cans. So excited about that :P)
unobtanium kit
I was thinking of BPL produced/sold items. BPL retro kit:)
@francoLocale: Tarptent
@thomdarrahLocale: Southern Oregon
Beartooth Hoody (I think I recall the name correctly)
and couple that Merino Hoody with a BPL Cocoon Pullover…. 9-10oz of awesome synthetic warmth. I love mine.
We can also add in the titanium trapper mug, and the Vapr Bivy to complement your posted tarp Jim
I bought some BPL produced items second hand or on steep clearance, and have really come to appreciate their quality, simplicity, and efficiency. Yes, there seems to have been a few duds out there (namely the thorofare shirts, though their pants seem to have developed somewhat of a following)
It's a real shame that they are mere relics today. They were always just so unaffordable, unless you got them 2nd hand or through a gambler's sale.
I'm glad to see that Peter V has continued the produce the BPL headnet, and at a great price at that. We loved ours on the JMT this season.
One truly could assemble a high-tech UL kit strictly using BPL's past offerings.
@dstenberg1Locale: South
Here are some that would add to the kit:
Bozeman Mountain Works Arc X quilt
Bozeman Mountain Works Torsolite
Bozeman Mountain Works Spinnaker stuff sacks
BPL Long handled titanium spoon
Added Sleep System :)
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New Zealand will play there first practice match against Prime Minister's XI with the pink ball in October. The first day-night Test match between New Zealand and Australia in Adelaide.
READ ALSO : Pink ball is the combination of White ball and Pink ball : Craig
The Prime Minister's XI team will be lead the former Australian Player Michael Hussey. It will be a one-day game and will be played at Oval on October 23. Some of the great leaders of the game will be the part of the team and Hussey said it will be a good chance to see how the pink ball perform's.
READ ALSO : list of International players to be play in BPL released
The Test series between Australia and New Zealand begins at Gabba on November 5, with the second Test to be played from November 13 at the WACA. The first day-night Test will be played with a pink ball at Oval from 27th November this year.
READ ALSO : Eden Garden has no plobrem at all : Saurav Ganguly
Hussey said that he knows that most of the guys in the Australian team had never played with the pink ball and hence it will be a very good opportunity to play a game with it and can understand the behaviour of the ball.
Hope you like our Update, Please stay tuned for more!!!


text:
I have begun testing with Lync 2010 RC. In my environment, I have OCS 2007 R2 and Exchange 2010 with UM deployed. I added Lync 2010 to the environment. I can blog about that process if people are interested. Today, I learned some things about the process of moving people from OCS 2007 R2 to Lync and also some interop issues. Here is a brief summary:
- Only users homed on a Lync pool can use the Lync client. I upgraded a user workstation to the Lync 2010 client. The user was homed on the OCS2007R2 pool and they were longer able to login to OCS with the Lync 2010 client. See the following article for more information. OC2007R2 client works against Lync server. Thus, if you are planning to upgrade an enterprise environment, you will need to plan the move to Lync on the back-end and also the client side.
- Lync uses a web-based control panel to manage users. You can't move the users from OCS 2007R2 to Lync using the OCS 2007R2 tools. Need to use the Lync control panel
- If you search for OCS 2007 R2 users (called Legacy users), they won't show up unless you add "Legacy user equals true" to the search filter. There is some text explaining this, but the text disappears once you type a name into the search field. This caught me for a couple minutes since I couldn't find the OCS 2007 R2/Legacy users.
When I selected to move the user to the Lync pool, I got the following error. You need to run the "import-cslegacyconfiguration" command in a Lync powershell window. Note, I needed to run this command even though in the topology Builder, i selected to "Merge 2007 or 2007 r2 topology".


text:
- HomePlug AV, IEEE 802.3
- Ethernet port
- Up to 500Mbps
Some manufacturers place restrictions on how details of their products may be communicated.
Couldn't be easier. 03/29/2013
This review is from: NETGEAR XAV5001-100NAR Powerline AV 500 Adapter Up to 500Mbps
Easy to install. Easy to setup. Can you say plug and play? It's that easy.
If there is one, I haven't found it yet.
Other Thoughts:
I had another unit setup in my house already. So for this one, I plugged it in the wall, connected the ethernet cable, and boom I was on the network. I didn't have to do anything else. That was it!
Some say you should use MoCa vs Powerline. I have ready where people have difficulties with the powerline. As long as you are pluggin straight into the wall and not a strip I don't think you will have a problem. Rated 500mbps which is double that of MoCa and I stream HD over this without an issue. I have watched Netflix on my TV going through my Tivo box (who say as well not to use it), I stream HD TV to another PC via my Ceton InfiniTV setup without an issue now. Could not be easier to configure and setup, plug one into your router, and then add a unit whereever that needs to tie into the network.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes / No Thanks for the valuable feedback you provided!


text:
Black Tar
52,105pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
Black Tar is an ingredient on the Shivering Isles and are produced from the Mushroom Tree. A Mushroom Tree (Dementia) is a dull plant with a russet-colored star shape on an eggshell-colored cap.
Black Tar is a powerful ingredient for poisoners as it has only negative effects. In the youth of the mushroom, the tar must be harvested directly from the plant. In maturity, however, the black tar oozes from the tree in rope-like vines.
Black Tar is also one of the ingredients required for the miscellaneous quest Taxonomy of Obsession.


text:
Seafood RestaurantsEdit
Obrycki's Restaurant & Bar BWI
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Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
We'll match your job to the relevant tradesmen in your area - those interested will pay to see your contact details and call you to quote.
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Last Updated: 5/25/2017 9:19 AM
Description for Lot 12 Cook Street Manteno, IL 60950
Bank Owned 1.15 Acre commercial lot in South Creek Development, between Country Inn & Suites and Mary Sears Children's Academy. All utilities to site, zoned C-2. Surrounded by residential homesites on the south end of Manteno. Other South Creek business include McDonald's, KFC, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, and more.
Listing Information
Electric To Site, Gas To Site, Sanitary Sewer To Site, Water To Site
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Exterior / Lot Features
Asphalt, City Road, Clear lot, Level
Driving Directions
I-57 to Manteno exit. East to South Creek
Financial Considerations
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Manteno Real Estate
Manteno is located in Illinois. Manteno, Illinois 60950 has a population of 8,999.
The median household income in Manteno, Illinois 60950 is $65,899. The median household income for the surrounding county is $51,000 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Manteno 60950 is 40.1 years.
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New Orleans Golf Tournament
Celebrate our 7th year in the Crescent City
Thursday, October 27, 2016
Lakewood Golf Club
Registration: 11 a.m.
Shotgun Start: 12 p.m.
18-hole, 4-player scramble
$300 per player
$1,000 per team
Every year, Louisiana gives The Pablove Foundation a warm welcome during our New Orleans Golf Tournament presented by W&T Offshore, held at the beautiful Lakewood Golf Club. Over the past six years, our Louisiana tournaments have raised more than $300,000 to fight childhood cancer with love! Your support allows us to continue teaching photography to kids and teens in New Orleans through our Pablove Shutterbugs program.
Entry fee includes: golf cart, practice range and balls, goody bag, team photos, and the best of New Orleans' food and drink. Musical entertainment begins after the last putt drops!
Golfers of all skill levels welcome. Participation is limited.
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For questions about registration or to contribute raffle items, please contact our Events Manager, Lara Nassar, at email@example.com or 323.657.5557.
NOLA Golf Tournament Chair: Mary Avallone Watts


text:
A broad spectrum intramammary treatment for clinical mastitis, effective against common causative pathogens, has been re-launched by Zoetis (formerly Pfizer) as Lincocin Forte S.
A broad spectrum intramammary treatment for clinical mastitis, effective against common causative pathogens, has been re-launched by Zoetis (formerly Pfizer) as Lincocin Forte S.
For vets seeking to prescribe an alternative first-choice tube, independent mastitis authority Dr Andrew Bradley suggests it could be a logical, efficacious option, offering the combination of two active ingredients (lincomycin and neomycin) not available in other intramammary tubes.
In combination, these have been found to have much higher efficacy than the sum of the two parts against Staphylococci aureus, the company claims. It is effective against Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens, in particular staphylococcus, streptococcus and coliform bacteria.
In trials, this treatment produced clinical cure rates 21% higher than an ampicillin-cloxacillin comparison in undifferentiated mastitis cases. As first choice treatment for S.uberis clinical mastitis, bacteriological cure rates were similar to a penicillin-streptomycin comparison. Against S.aureus, aesculin-positive streptococci, and E coli, combined clinical-bacteriological cure rates were 175%, 32% and 21% higher respectively with Lincocin Forte S than ampicillin-cloxacillin treatment.
Unusually for an intramammary tube, Lincocin Forte S is a water-based formulation, which is said to help achieve good distribution in the udder and can be easier to infuse that oil-based tubes, particularly into hardened quarters associated with E.coli infections.
Dr Bradley claimed that water-based formulation is likely to be less irritant to udder tissues than oil-based tubes, and may improve distribution. He also suggests that "not being a fluoroquinolone or 3rd/4th generation cephalosporin may also help vets fulfil their 'appropriate and justified' prescribing responsibilities."
The recommended treatment is one 10ml syringe per infected quarter at each of three consecutive milkings. Milk from treated cows can be sold for human consumption 84-hours after the last treatment.
- Lincocin Forte S contains lincomycin and neomycin, POM-V.


text: Divxturka.net is using Redbunker! Because Redbunker is better than Hotfile, Netload and Rapidshare ! Click here and buy REDBUNKER premium account! SolidWorks 2013 SP0 x86 (2012 Eng - Rus) Portable 3.18GB SolidWorks 3D CAD software offers three packages building in functionality and tiered to best suit the needs of your organization. All packages utilize the intuitive SolidWorks user interface to speed your design process and make you instantly productive. A no-compromise solution for the engineer who wants it all. SolidWorks Premium combines the capabilities of SolidWorks Professional with powerful simulation and design validation toolsets, as well as advanced wire and pipe routing functionality. You will get designs right the first time with the SolidWorks flagship offering. Depending on the class of tasks customers are three basic system configurations: SolidWorks, SolidWorks Professional and SolidWorks Premium. SolidWorks is the CAD developer SolidWorks Corp. (USA), an independent division of Dassault Systemes (France) - the world leader in high-tech software. Developments SolidWorks Corp. characterized by high levels of quality, reliability and productivity, which in combination with qualified support SolidWorks makes the best decision for the industry. SolidWorks Integrated solutions based on advanced technologies of hybrid parametric modeling and a wide range of specialized modules. The software operates on Windows, has the support of the Russian language, and, accordingly, supports the Standard and ESKD. Activation To activate the run "ssq.bat". Then press 3 times "Yes", then 3 times "NO" and "OK" (who knows a little English and will understand the case.) All Builds. The root directory is "Patch", all the plug-ins should be placed in this directory. The assembly will automatically download them from this catalog. The catalog is already in the module "Realview2013.svm", designed to activate the function Realview. Sandbox is created in the start assembly. Important! Before using the install (if not installed) Microsoft Visual C + + 2005 Redistributable, Microsoft Visual C + + 2008 Redistributable and Microsoft Visual C + + 2010 Redistributable (in the archive in the directory VCRedist). Also desirable set FrameWork 4, it is integrated into the assembly, but will only give a guaranteed job set. System requirements: Minimum memory - 1 GB (for details 1000 items) For large models and assemblies-Win64 version with 6 GB and above (for details,> 1000 primitives build> 10000 items) Processor: Intel ® and AMD ® (Apple Mac ® is not supported!) Year: 2012 Version: 2013 Build SP0 Developer: DSS Download From Redbunker Code: http://www.redbunker.net/s71m8iexcjja/SW2013_SP0_Portable_us.part1.rar.html http://www.redbunker.net/x6hlzt9dwf60/SW2013_SP0_Portable_us.part2.rar.html http://www.redbunker.net/iwqhmdcql09t/SW2013_SP0_Portable_us.part3.rar.html http://www.redbunker.net/f3zhs7l7fjjm/SW2013_SP0_Portable_us.part4.rar.html http://www.redbunker.net/pp3lkmsneufq/SW2013_SP0_Portable_us.part5.rar.html


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Category:Homagial Crown
|Homagial Crown
|The so-called Homagial Crown was a part of the Polish Crown Jewels. It was probably the coronation crown of Władysław II Jagiełło.
This category has only the following subcategory.
- ► Prussian Homage (1 C, 1 F)
Media in category "Homagial Crown"
The following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total.
- Casimir III the Great.PNG 352 KB


text:
After AlcoholMature
Death. She felt like death. And ass. No, she smelt ass. Was it ass?
Her head heavy and thick, crawled into consciousness. Reluctantly. So, very, reluctantly.
She knew she wasn't in her room. The mattress was much nicer, the pillow too soft.
As she hesitantly opened an eye, she was embraced into darkness. Glorious, curtain drawn
darkness. Thank Christ.
She felt like it was late. Late in the morning or late in the afternoon she wasn't sure.
Just, late. It took a while to get going. And by a while, about an hour. She found her phone.
11am. Reasonable enough.
Two missed calls from Tom, one from another number she didn't know. She put her phone
back down on the bedside table and fought the urge to go back to sleep.
For some beautiful reason, her one night stand had left her in peace, and she had every
intention of making her escape before she returned.
Yep, she definitely felt like ass. Stale, crap, ass. She was moving gently. So gently as to not
rock the pounding in her head. Oh god how much had she had to drink?
She remembered something vaguely about a bloke with a beard and her and Tom
standing in shopping trolleys-
"Jesus Christ!" She screamed as the front door slammed shut, hand holding her heart as
if to keep it in its place.
She had no words. Not even a language, as Natasha made her way into the kitchen.
She watched, dumbstruck. God, that jawline.
"What the fuck are you doing here?"
Natasha smiled that evil smile. Oh this could be so fun.
"This is my house."
"Your house?" Yes, dumbstruck was the word.
Natasha smiled that shit eating grin.
"Don't do that."
"Smile like that, proud cause you're keeping something to yourself."
That did wipe the smile off her face, and Charlotte felt something that she couldn't put her
finger on.
Natasha started making a chicken salad, somewhat aimlessly. More as a distraction than
to satiate hunger. "So, you're in my house."
Charlotte nodded as she agreed. "I'm in your house." She searched Natasha's eyes for
something. Anything. Surely they didn't sleep together?
After a couple of seconds of putting her through agony, Natasha relented. A little.
"Because you asked to stay here."
"I what?"
In what world would have she asked to stay at Natasha's? Asked!? Other than that day at
the coffee shop they hadn't spoken to each other in 5 years. It was purely luck that her
number was the same, for she didn't know anyone in her circle that would have had her
Natasha smirked that smirk of hers, and pulled out her phone. Charlotte skeptically pressed
play on the video that had been presented to her. She watched in abject horror, as well as
confusion. Documented proof that she had indeed asked to stay Natasha's because she
couldn't walk straight (or speak, apparently), and this video was to stand by as witness
that Natasha had in no way asked, encouraged or anything else for her to do so.
"That still doesn't explain how I ended up here. I'm on your couch in that video."
"You rang."
Just that simple? "I rang?"
Natasha 'mmm-hmmed' her and sat down at the kitchen bench, ready to start on her salad.
Charlotte watched her. Took her in properly. Or as best as she could in her current state.
She had definitely changed since they'd last been in each others lives. Not as cold as she
was in the coffee shop, but she was still, well...less cold.
"I rang and you...what?" Charlotte honestly had no idea. The last thing she could clearly,
kind of remember from the night before was standing in the shopping trolleys. She had no
idea where she was, other than Natasha's house. Were they near the city? Close to her own
home? She rang and what, Natasha just came and picked her up?
Gave her her address?
"Does it matter?" she mumbled through her bite.
Yes it mattered. Mattered enormously. This woman, whom she hadn't seen in five years,
was the person she rang when she was as drunk as she'd ever been? Whom had sworn she
had wanted to leave behind. In the past - very far away? Yes, it mattered!
"You're really not going to tell me? Did we fuck?"
"Oh my God."
Clearly a no. She took a seat on the couch, which really wasn't a good idea because she
desperately wanted to her fold herself within its embrace and pass out. She stood back up.
"Okay well..." she ran her hand through her hair, and then proceed to rub her face, hard.
She needed clarity. She needed food. Dirty, greasy food. She gave her face one last rub, then
exhaled, trying to rid herself of some kind of weight that had developed in the last couple of
moments. "I'm going to go." She locked eyes with the brunette across the room. Her face
had softened somewhat, and Charlotte almost thought she was going to say something.
When nothing was forthcoming, she thanked her and saw herself out.
She wasn't too far from home. It was a half hour cab ride, which she'd split into two because
she really, really needed grease. She got out a McDonalds not too far off the main road, and
didn't even care that she had started to practically salivate at the thought of a bacon and
egg McMuffin.
She was halfway through her second McMuffin when her phone rang, and hesitated in
answering when she saw who was calling. Very tentatively, she managed a hello.
That damn voice."You missing anything?"
"Uh, don't think so." She rummaged through her handbag half heartedly.
"No? You don't want your keys?"
Oh shit.
Natasha could imagine Charlotte holding her head in her hands.
"Where are you?"
Which she was. "What?"
"Where are you?"
Charlotte managed a disgruntled 'Greenhill McDonalds.'


text:
Filter Results:
Publication Year
Publication Type
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Key Phrases
Learn More
- G A K Wyatt, S A West, A Gardner
- Journal of evolutionary biology
- 2013
Darwin suggested that the discovery of altruism between species would annihilate his theory of natural selection. However, it has not been formally shown whether between-species altruism can evolve by natural selection, or why this could never happen. Here, we develop a spatial population genetic model of two interacting species, showing that indiscriminate… (More)
- Gregory A. K. Wyatt, E. Toby Kiers, Andy Gardner, Stuart A. West
- Nature communications
- 2016
Mutualisms are cooperative interactions between members of different species, often involving the trade of resources. Here, we suggest that otherwise-cooperative mutualists might be able to gain a benefit from actively restricting their partners' ability to obtain resources directly, hampering the ability of the restricted partner to survive and/or… (More)
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text:
Marcuus Photographer Photographer
Alabama Worley xModel Female Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/AlabamaWorley
Mayhem # 1366691
About MeHi my name is Alabama im 21 years old and from Cardiff. I love modelling/fashion/photography/creating interesting and unique shots. I love to become a new character for every shoot i do. I love all the makings that go into a shoot, the styling, location, concept.
I have plenty of ideas and research every shoot before hand so i can give it 100% I do most styles and am up for anything inventive and different.
Im looking for paid shoots now but will only accept TFP if it will benifit my portfolio. Please get in touch for my rates.
If you have any ideas then please dont hesitate to get in touch.
Have you worked with Alabama Worley x? Add Credits for Alabama Worley x! >>
Credit Notes--RYO--
I recommend any tog to photograph Alabama, shes so beautiful - naturally. She could never take a bad photo, have worked with her in modeling and makeup and she is an amazing model and person! Xx
Chris Davey Photography
Alabama is a fantastic model!!
Highly reccomended.
Great posing and eye contact.
Uses a space extremely well.
Cant wait to shoot with her again.
Alix Kober Photography
Worked with Al on the Sunday just gone, and I knew as soon as I saw her images she would be a good find! Brilliant model, poses herself really well, and takes direction brilliantly! Lovely bubbly girl whom I got some awesome images of and can't wait to shoot with her again! I can see her going to the top for sure! :D xxxxxx
Marcuus Photographer Photographer
Aurora Designs Clothing Designer
Mei Lewis Photographer
LadyAmdis Retoucher
Fullmoon Photography Photographer
Sarah-rhian Photographer
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text:
Systems Biology Opens New Research Pathways
Systems Biologists Are Attacking the Encrypted Messages That Would Allow Us to Predict and Change the Course of Disease
Individual Tumor Profiling
Has Tumor Molecular Profiling Enabled More Effective and Less Toxic Cancer Treatment?
Top 10 Under 40
Up-and-Coming Stars Shine in Biopharma Research and Business
Podcast: FDA's New Commissioner Hits the Ground Running
Scott Gottlieb, M.D., Commits to Speeding Up Drug Reviews, and Maintaining Safety and Efficacy
Currency Exchange Rates Deflate Sales, Profits for 75 Publicly Traded Pharmas in India
Sales of 75 publicly traded sellers of drugs in India grew modestly after accounting for currency exchange rates and heightened competition, resulting in weak profits during the nine months ending in December. The study by Pharmabiz found net profits of the 75 companies rose 17.7% before adjustments, to Rs. 9,553 crore (about $1.9 billion) between March and December 2011, from Rs. 8,115 crore ($1.6 billion) a year earlier. But when net profit after adjustments, including foreign exchange gain and loss, were accounted for, the 75 companies netted just Rs.7,948 crore ($1.58 billion) in the nine-month period, up 4.3%.
Total sales for the 75 companies grew 18%, to Rs. 66,001 crore (more than $13.1 billion) between March-December 2011 from Rs. 55,848 crore (more than $11.1 billion) for the same nine months of 2010. Those numbers reflect annual growth of more than 25% by many Indian-based pharmas, from giants such as Dr. Reddy's Laboratories and Sun Pharmaceutical Industries to such smaller companies as Aarti Drugs, Ajanta Pharma, Aananeya Lifecare, Vivimed Labs, Anuh Pharma, Smruthi Organics, and Suven Life Sciences.
Dr. Reddy's delivered some impressive numbers, namely record high sales and profits for the October–December 2012 quarter. Profits zoomed 88% to Rs. 5,131 crore ($97 million) from Rs. 2,732 crore ($52 million) a year earlier, thanks to a more-than-doubling (133%) of North American revenues for generics. Driving many of these numbers was the onset of the company's 180-day marketing exclusivity for a generic version of Eli Lilly's antipsychotic drug Zyprexa 20 mg. The exclusivity runs out with the end of the fiscal year at the end of this month. Dr. Reddy's October–December 2011 revenues grew 46% year-to-year, to 27,692 crore ($522 million).
Sun Pharma saw its October–December 2011 net profit near double from the previous year, to Rs. 668 crores ($133 million) on net sales/income from operations of Rs. 2,145 crores ($427 million), a 37% increase year-over-year. Nearly half of total sales come from the sale of finished dosage products in the U.S., which stood at $208 million, up 47% from October–December 2010.
However, the numbers omit results from a few key biopharma giants, from multinationals such as GlaxoSmithKline and Rainbaxy Laboratories to Indian companies such as Stride Arcolabs, Claris Lifesciences, Sharon Bio-Medicine. Their fiscal years do not follow the April–March schedule. Also omitted were companies that restructured or divested part of their operations during March–December 2011 or March–December 2010, such as Piramal Healthcare, Alembic Pharmaceutical, and J B Chemicals.
Looking to the current quarter, the Pharmabiz study concluded that excluding the impact of foreign exchange loss adjustments, the 75 public companies are set to achieve revenue growth of 15% to18% during the full year ending in March, and similar growth in adjusted profit despite several odds. cGMP problems by some would-be drug manufacturers may put some pressure on sales, but new product launches will help to maintain growth momentum, the study found.
To read the story from Pharmabiz, click here.
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