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Scat! Conservation Northwest's BlogUp one level
Welcome to Conservation Northwest's blog.
Habitat Restoration with Gravity Payments
Our fall planting season is under way at Gold Creek!
What's next for North Cascades grizzlies
The next few months will likely determine whether our children and grandchildren will ever see grizzly bears in the North Cascades in their lifetimes.
Celebrating National Wildlife Day
Take a moment to appreciate the amazing wildlife in our region.
Profanity gets the best and worst of me
We're working towards long-term wolf recovery and coexistence. Unfortunately, killing wolves is sometimes an unavoidable component of predators, people and livestock sharing space.
Searching for the North Cascades grizzly bears
The Citizen Wildlife Monitoring Project (CWMP) has been formally sending volunteers into the North Cascades of both Washington and British Columbia in search of grizzly bears since 2008.
Bear Awareness 101: What you need to know in bear country
Tips and tricks to minimizing the chances of a bear conflict while recreating.
The Mountaineers Foundation awards grant funding to Conservation Northwest
The Mountaineers have awarded funding for completion of a Chris Morgan film about grizzly bear recovery in the North Cascades.
The North Cascades: Just right for grizzly bears
One of the most common questions we get about grizzly bears is whether the North Cascades has the right habitat and food for them. Conservation Northwest reached out to Bill Gaines, Ph.D., bear ecologist and director of the Washington Conservation Science Institute, for his take on why the North Cascades is, as in the Goldilocks tale, "just right" for grizzlies.
Meet our Board: Bert Loosmore
Welcome to new board member Bert Loosmore!
Where the Wild Things Are: Conservation Northwest's Citizen Wildlife Monitoring Project
An interactive story map about the places we go to find the wild things of the Pacific Northwest.
Momentous legislation introduced to fund wildlife recovery
The bi-partisan Recovering America's Wildlife Act of 2016 (HR 5650) would provide a dedicated funding source for rare and at-risk wildlife
Conservation Northwest partners with 1% for the Planet
1% for the Planet strives to build, support and activate an alliance of businesses financially committed to creating a healthy planet.


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Pretty BoyMature
I park my Mercedes in the employee parking lot of the Mercedes dealership and get out. The sun is bright today. After fixing my shades, I put on my black sports jacket, unbutton the color button that I buttoned this morning and walk towards the employee break area. My hands lazily in jean pocket. Manager complained about jeans at first but then, he was persuaded. I smile as I enter the break room to see my best friend Amy, pouring herself a cup of coffee.
"Morning, Amy," I smile at her and watch her blush just like always.
"I hate it when you use your pick-up voice on me," she pouts.
"Well, we are at work and I'm hoping to sell two cars at least," I grab a coffee mug and pour myself a cup.
She raises an eyebrow at me. "Like, you ever have problems with selling. I think you are richer than the manager."
I drink my coffee and we walk to the lobby. I watch her put on her phone earphones and log into her station.
Jim, another car sales guy, opens the main doors and fixes his tie. He notices me looking at him and comes over. Warrior spirit radiates from him; I like this quality of his.
He pokes my chest. "Pretty boy, I will sell two cars before you are able to."
I smile. We are almost the same height. I'm 6'1 while he's 6'0. "Good luck Jim. Just make sure no fights break out this time over a car. It's just a car. You need to remember that."
Last time, I manipulated the couple into an argument over a car. The husband wanted to buy the car from Jim, while the wife wanted to buy from me. Their emotions were see-through so I had a little fun. The husband ended up receiving a split lip from his wife and the wife was able to buy her black Mercedes. Jim is still sore about the whole situation, if only he knew that I was behind it.
Jim scowls at me. "Don't ever mention D-Day to me, again."
I continue with my coffee. "How long are you going to hold your hand on my chest? I mean, I don't mind but that couple might take it the wrong way."
Jim's head turns fast to the doors. A couple in their fifties just came in. Then, he looks at me. "This conversation is not over."
He then walks over to the couple.
"Welcome, welcome to our humble Mercedes dealership. My name is Jim, I can assistant in any way I can," Jim announces loudly.
"Hey Markos?" Amy asks me, bringing my attention back to her. "Don't forget it's my birthday today. I am twenty-one today, you promised to show me your favorite bars."
"I didn't forget," I smile. "I know just the place."

subset: commoncrawl


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|This is a discussion on How do you guess when your opponent bluffing? within the online poker forums, in the Learning Poker section; Pls share your tips!
watch your opponent, typically if he is bluffing and you are in the hand you most likely bet the flop. Watch his eyes directly after you bet. If he at any time looks down at his chips, as if to eyeball an amount, chances are his hand is strong. If instead he looks at you or fumbles around with his cards or anything but look at his chips, then he may be weak. Obviously a large bet on the river is an indication that his hand is weak if you picked up any other signs that was leading you to think he was chasing down a draw.. Just my opinion, Daniel Neg was the one who i heard first say this. If that is any validation.
Another suggestion is to watch the opponents breathing. If they take small shallow breaths, You need to do some reconnaissance work before you can perfect the art of catching the breathing bluff. Study each opponent when they make a call. Watch how they breath and make a note of how they breath when they make a call, bet and are strong on the river. Regardless if they win, was there hand strong? If so how did they breath while waiting for the call/raise. Bank this information. Next, study them when they bluff and muck. Watch what they do when they raise someone all in and during that period while they wait for the call/fold.. how do they breath. Once you have seen how they react you will know what to do when faced with action toward your hand. One of the easiest tells to spot in poker is the holding in and forcing shallow breaths. If you notice your opponent tensing up and controlling his breathing, he is weak or bluffing/fearful of a call. of course this does not always work however body language and the art of studying behavior is the best way to spot a bluff and the only practical way to crack an opponent live IMO.
There is a video of Scott Siever where he bluffs and covers his mouth against Daniel Negraneu(spelling) when asked later why he covers his mouth he admits its to prevent opponents from monitoring his breathing habits.
It is important to observe the other players closely. In a live game it is easier to recognize than a bluff in online poker. What matters is everything. The size of bets during the course, the player's position, how often a player is fighting for the bank. If I allow the stack I try to watch the opponent's card, even with a bad hand. Not because I think that I will win this hand. I want to know what hand the player. To predict his hand in the next hand. The ability to read an opponent is an important component buduyuschego success. I can say with 80% likely to guess the hand of friends for a game which is often observed. If the tournament is 2-3 the table during the game I'm watching the game on the big stack of tables. After all, most likely it is with them will have to play at the final table. The ability to uncover a bluff comes with experience. The main thing to be careful and not to be distracted during the game to a secondary cause. Of course you can not be 100% sure in reading the player. But in poker, you can not be 100% sure there is nothing.
I once called an all in bluff of someone who was reading a book at the table. It just seemed so arrogant to me, like I'm so smart I can read a book and play poker at the same time. It annoyed me and I just thought he was bluffing so I called and won with a pair of 9's on a board that had overcards So if someone is reading at the table I think they are generally full of it. Call em!!
Unless your opponent is really obvious, and I am referring to on-line poker, you usually must play or watch the hands they are in to see if they establish a pattern. Amazingly, one of the on-line tells is a player that doubles his bet every street. They don't even realize they are doing it. Also, I have noted a lot bet small on 3rd and 4th street, and if they make a small bet on the river, they have it. If they overbet the river, they are often bluffing, trying to scare you into folding. the above are not hard and fast rules, just observations I have made in the past.
One questiones guys, wathing international or any other tournaments by TV or in Internet , I have noted that during the battle especially two opponents they are trying to start dialog with each other to extract information about the hand. What questiones are good to get know the power of the hand of your opponent?
guessing what he could have, for example "You have A 7", or "telling" him what you have, can be some words witch can help you, to see his reaction with those information. Some times they chat like random stuff and not about hand, but my opinion about that is total non sens because everything in this world is subjective sens about all, "nobody is guilty until there is proof" i hope you understand me.
We must look for the opponent has to learn throughout the game all the players and then it will be easy all ponyat.no often bluff opened on the river at the last rate when the opponent has places and you realize that this is not the final assembly rate that does not gather additionally from what usually do not give . Well, well , see for yourself play uchites.luchshe bluff not open not put chips in the pot if you are not confident in the strength of the hand
re: Poker & How do you guess when your opponent bluffing?
It all depends on the level of the tournament, if a player bets fast or delaying a decision is one of the indicators of a bluff. Just rate transoms and so on. But online poker is very difficult to do, because the opponents are always different, and a lot of them. You should feel your game and game opponent.
first there is no guess.
if you are play guessing game...it is better to quit finding another table to catch bluff.
hand reading is based on history or recorded hand history
generally to say put player's hand into a set of range
and deduce the most possible one or ones ...after a series of action.
so bluff...it put your opponent's most hand range on a bluff range... it is bluffing.
In brick-and-mortar game, physical tells are decisive. Sweating, breathing, eye pupils and their movement and volume
(eye pupils are the organ that increases volume 6 times during excitement - and not the organ you'd think of...)
also, the direction of sight, any attempts to hide mouth with hands, any clenching of fists, the blushing of face, the famous gesture with crossed arms "I am disinterested", etc...
In online game, look if the opponent used "check/fold" automatic option on the previous street. Then, a high card appears and he suddenly bets big...
Also, monitor the betting behaviour - what amount relative to BB does your opponent use to raise preflop. If he typically raises 3 BB and after 1 hour of play he raises 5 BB - be careful...
If no action happened on the flop and turn, and if the river does not complete any str8 or flush - be ready to call a big bluff...
Well, I may be disagreed by some members here, but this is my point of view...
When I play online I usually try to categorize players based on things like what ranges they call, tendency to bet with air and try to get a feel for their all-in equity. That being said, the only really reliable tell for online besides being a predator is making sense of an opponents story. If a villain check-calls a bet on a KcTc9c board, checks the 8d turn and min raises the 2h on the river then their usually trying to steal dead money. You need to follow the story preflop all the way to the river to get a grasp on the cards they are (or aren't) holding.
It really depends on the skill level and whether you're playing online poker or not. In online poker it is a lot harder to call when someone is bluffing as there are a lot less tells. Also new players tend to bluff more on bad river or a flop if they invested quite a bit into the pot already.
With online games... Its hard to tell amd you really have to guess. But if you pay attention on how he plays, and you would see if he always bluffs with nothing.
But in pokerstars i would always catch a bluff but ends up losing because the cards on the table would eventually help the bluffer win. Lol


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This is just in from Shirley Halperin and The Hollywood Reporter. I doubt there will be anything about this mentioned on VH1's Behind the Music, debuting Sunday, August 7, 2011, at 10 PM.
Love ya!
~ Carol ~
The "American Idol" alum is signing with Direct Management Group, whose client roster includes Katy Perry, K.D. Lang and The Go-Go's.
Adam Lambert is parting ways with 19 Entertainment, The Hollywood Reporter has learned. The American Idol runner-up from season 8 is signing with Direct Management Group, whose client roster includes Katy Perry, K.D. Lang and The Go-Go's.
DMG was founded in 1985 by partners Martin Kirkup and Steven Jensen and is based in Los Angeles. In the past, the company has also worked with Miranda Cosgrove and Jamie Cullum.
Lambert, whose debut album For Your Entertainment has sold nearly a million copies, isn't the first Idol graduate to leave the confines of 19, the company with exclusive rights to the show's stars. The original Idol, Kelly Clarkson, and season 3 winner Fantasia both found managers independent of the Idol machine, while Carrie Underwood opted to remain with Idol creator Simon Fuller at his company, XIX Entertainment (Fuller also manages current Idol winner Scotty McCreery and runner-up Lauren Alaina). Most recently, Chris Daughtry's manager Stirling McIlwaine left 19 to open his own firm, taking his client with him.
But while Lambert may be exiting, 19 will long reap the profits of its relationship with the singer. The company stands to pocket royalties from his five RCA Records releases, which include a live and remix album, as well as merchandise and other ancillary revenue streams.
And while it's not clear whether he had a so-called "sunset clause" in his contract, as many Idols do, which details a specific cut-off date on continued profit sharing or a phasing out of commissions, Lambert is still a 19 Recordings artist. In fact, he recently released new music, the song "Outlaws of Love" said to be from his highly anticipated second studio album. Lambert's "Behind the Music" special airs on VH1 this Sunday, August 8.
A representative for 19 Entertainment tells THR, "Adam remains signed to 19 Recordings as he brings a new management team into his career. We look forward to continued success together."
Love ya!
~ Carol ~


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Never blamed Nobbs for London fiasco: Shivendra
"I never blamed the coach for anything. My statement has been misconstrued," Shivendra clarified.
New Delhi: Reacting to media reports about blaming coach Michael Nobbs for Indian hockey's Olympics debacle, star centre-forward Shivendra Singh denied having made any such statements, saying his comments have been "misconstrued."
Local media reported earlier on Friday that Shivendra has blamed Nobbs for changing the team's strategy at the last moment, which led to lack of coordination. However, talking to IBNLive.com after those reports, the Indian striker said, "I never made any such statement."
"All I said was things didn't go as we planned, which led to team coming under some pressure. I never blamed the coach [Nobbs] for changing our strategy at the last moment or for lack of coordination. I categorically deny all that," Shivendra said. "My statement has been misconstrued," he added.
However, the experienced Indian forward admitted that opponents figured out India's strategy which led to pressure on the defence and failure to convert attacks into goals. "Our right wing wasn't in full flow. Most of the teams blocked it out for us, which forced us to move in from the left which isn't our strength. That put us under pressure."
Shivendra refused to blame any one person for the failure, saying that a team has to click as a unit and they failed because they didn't grab their opportunities. "In big tournaments, you need to avail your chances. If you miss, it costs you. That's exactly what happened with us. It's a team game; a team fails and a team succeeds. All of us have to take the blame, not any one individual."
India finished 12th at the just-concluded London Olympics, where the team ended its league engagements without a point having lost all its five games. India then lost the 11th-12th place play-off match to South Africa to return home with their worst ever finish at the Olympics.
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Chapter 7Mature
The man frowned. A mirror stood off to the side of the kitchen. He peered at the reflection inside. It was true, he did look like Serena. But that was because he was her brother. It was his job to protect her. This woman must not know about him.
"How did you escape? What are you doing here?" The man glared at the woman in confusion. If she knew he escaped, then she must know about him Why did she call him Serena though? What would Serena have to escape from?
"I missed you Serena. Why don't we call your friend and see if she wants to come over?" The man glared at Alice.
"Stop calling me Serena! I am not Serena! Serena is at school!" He was seeing red. His eyes closed tightly. He could not kill this woman, Serena did not allow it.
The woman frowned. "But... You look so much like her."
"I am her brother."
"Oh, well how nice to meet you. I didn't know Serena had a brother. Why don't we sit down and eat?" She pulled out a chair and gestured to it. The man went to sit down. Alice moved closer tot he phone. The man noticed.
"Don't touch the phone. I am not going back to that place. I am not crazy."
"I heard over the news that you killed your parents."
The man blinked. He had killed his parents. Then he was sent to that horrible place. When he escaped, he killed Serena's parents. But of they were siblings... Something wasn't right. He was missing something.
"I did kill them," He stated proudly. Pushing away his gut feeling that something was wrong.
"You seem very proud of that."
"I am, they didn't understand me. Just as Serena's parents didn't understand her."
Alice's eyes sparked with understanding. She was starting to figure out what was going on. "Maybe that is true, but was violence really the answer?"
"Yes. It was. And I am going to-" He cut himself off. Why did he start talking to her about this? She couldn't know his plans.
Sirens went off in the distance. His eyes widened. "You bitch!" He shoved the chair back. He needed to hide. The woman had somehow contacted the police.
He looked around frantically. There was only one way out, and that was the front door. The sirens were still a ways away, he could hide before they got close. He bolted out the front door and headed towards the building behind the house.
He just had to blend in. Pretend to be a tourist. No one would notice him. People were oblivious to the sights around him. He had walked around after escaping and no one recognized him from the news. Sometimes they made it too easy.
"Hey Tiff," Serena called, gaining the attention of her friend.
Tiffany turned around. She could tell Serena was aggravated. "Yeah?"
Serena came to a stop beside Tiffany. "Can I stay at your house for a few hours. I really don't want to go home right now."
Tiffany smiled, "Of course. We will have a movie night. You buy the popcorn."
Serena stuck out her hand, "Deal!" They hurried to Serena's car. It had been a few weeks since they had a movie night, and Serena hoped it would help take he mind off of the events that had happened recently. It was too much to take it all at once. She needed a break.
"Pick a genre," Tiffany said, counting the cash in her wallet.
"How about... Romance?"
Tiffany squealed, "I know the perfect one. It just came out. I don't remember the name though. It has the one girl in it though. Selena Gomez." Serena rolled her eyes. Tiffany was obsessed with that girl, though Serena couldn't figure out why.
"Alright. I will find the movie, you will find the popcorn, sodas, and assorted candy. I want something chocolate." Serena pulled into the store. They hopped out and went to their respective aisles. Serena searched the candy racks. She grabbed ten boxes of candy, making sure she had chocolate, and headed to the drinks.
Tiffany always got coke. Serena liked this store because they had the elusive orange cream soda. It was her favorite, but not many places had it. She pulled those off of the shelf and met Tiffany at the popcorn. She was holding two boxes of popcorn.
"Movie theater butter or cheese popcorn?"
"Let's get both. I have enough money." They tossed the boxes in and went to the checkout. The boy at the counter sent me a grin before ringing us up.
"That is thirty dollars and twenty-seven cents. But if you go on a date with me, I might be able to lower the price some." Serena and Tiffany blinked.
"Is that so? I don't remember us saying that was a part of our deal. Kyle, come meet me in the office." They turned around. A balding man around the age of thirty stood glaring at Kyle with anger. A tag on the side of his shirt said he was the manager.
Kyle hurried to the office. The man gave us a smile and lowered the price for their inconvenience.
"Dang, more people need to hit on you. We get things cheaper." Serena rolled her eyes at Tiffany.
"Let us just go watch this movie. I don't feel like being hit on whenever I walk into a store."
Tiffany shrugged, "I would love it."


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NSW is barely one-third of the way to achieving its 2020 renewable energy goal despite the Baird Government confirming it wants to meet its 20 per cent target and aims to be Australia's answer to California.
Last year, renewable energy supplied 4544 gigawatt-hours, or just 7 per cent, of the 66,458 gigawatt-hours on electricity generated in the state, the Clean Energy Council said.
According to the NSW 2021 Baseline report released by then Premier Barry O'Farrell in October 2011, the state's target is to source 20 per cent of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020.
Environment Minister Rob Stokes told a Parliamentary Budget Estimates hearing on Wednesday that 20 per cent goal remains the government's target.
"We are keen to see an increase in the use of renewable energy and certainly an increase in the renewables as part of the overall energy mix in the state," Mr Stokes said.
Luke Foley, Labor's environment spokesman, said the government had made claims to wanting to match California - which has a goal of sourcing one-third of its energy from renewables by 2020 - but had done little, including even monitoring progress.
"You are the self-styled Arnold Schwarzenegger of Australia when it comes to renewable energy," Mr Foley said. "Surely to meet that [20 per cent] target, somewhere we have to measuring it and setting out a trajectory to get there."
Mr Foley said Labor would support NSW going its own way to mandate an increase in clean energy if, as expected, the Abbott government opts to dilute or scrap the national target of supplying 41,000 gigawatt-hours of renewable energy annually by 2020.
A handpicked panel reviewing the federal target, led by former Caltex chairman and climate change sceptic Dick Warburton, this week handed its report to the government.
Mr Stokes declined to say whether the NSW government was exploring options should the national goal be cut: "We await the outcome on the federal government review and remain committed to the [41,000 gigawatt-hour] target and the investment and jobs it generates in NSW."
Hugh Saddler, from energy consultants Pitt & Sherry, said it was "quite doable" for NSW to set its own target, noting that the ACT has a 90 per cent renewable energy goal by 2020.
Conditions for NSW are likely better than other states to go solo given its promising wind energy resources, access to Snowy Hydro and its central location within the National Electricity Market, Dr Saddler said.
In its submission to the Warburton review, the NSW government broke ranks with Coalition counterparts in other states, backing the retention of the national target and saying households would save money from the scheme.
It also noted that NSW had 8395 megawatts of clean energy capacity working through its approval process, with the potential of luring $13 billion to the state.
"New South Wales currently meets a fairly low share of its electricity needs with renewable energy, but has a big economic opportunity to create jobs and investment under the Renewable Energy Target out to the end of the decade," said Kane Thornton, acting chief executive of the Clean Energy Council.
"The renewable energy projects currently approved in the state have the potential to deliver up to 1400 construction jobs, 150 direct ongoing jobs, and flow-on local employment of more than 4000 people," Mr Thornton said, adding it was "essential" the existing national target be left unchanged to ensure companies had the confidence to invest.


text: CHICAGO, Dec. 1, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- At the 99 th Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) in Chicago, Royal Philips (NYSE: PHG, AEX: PHIA) today illustrated its technology leadership in medical imaging with the introduction of two fundamentally new developments: its Vereos PET/CT fully digital positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging system, and its IQon Spectral CT 1 spectral detector-based computed tomography (CT) imaging system.(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20110726/NY41282LOGO ) These new innovations further expand Philips' integrated radiology product portfolio to deliver advanced image quality, critical information and connectivity for seamless real-time collaboration among clinicians and fast, confident decision making. Philips partners with clinicians to drive the clinical performance and economic value of its solutions to find the shortest path to the best care with the most efficient use of resources. "We work closely with radiologists to understand their biggest challenges, and incorporate these understandings in the development of innovative products like Vereos PET/CT and IQon Spectral CT to meet their complex imaging needs," said Gene Saragnese, CEO, Imaging Systems at Philips Healthcare. "These innovations demonstrate how Philips is providing radiologists with exceptional quality and accuracy in imaging at low dose rates, helping clinicians to get answers, the first time around, so that they can deliver accurate and more confident diagnoses to patients." "The timing and precision of disease diagnosis are critical to the successful treatment of many diseases," commented Pablo Ros, M.D., Chairman of the Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. "With that in mind, we are excited to have contributed to the development of Philips' Vereos digital PET/CT and IQon Spectral CT systems and we will continue to collaborate with Philips to realize the potential of these next generation imaging systems." Vereos PET/CTPET scans are three-dimensional images that provide insight into what is happening inside the body at the molecular and cellular level. A small amount of radiotracer is injected into the patient prior to the exam, which accumulates in the body's tissue and organs, and decays. The PET detector captures pairs of photons that are emitted from the body during this decay process and forms the image. Based on Philips' proprietary 'Digital Photon Counting' technology, the Vereos PET/CT is the first PET/CT system in the industry to use innovative digital silicon photomultiplier detectors instead of traditional analog detectors, resulting in a step change in performance that includes an approximately two-times increase in sensitivity gain, volumetric resolution and quantitative accuracy compared to analog systems. 2 These radical improvements can ultimately be translated into high image quality, increased diagnostic confidence, improved treatment planning and faster workflows. "Personalized medicine will require a patient-specific picture of the functional processes associated with disease," added Pablo Ros, M.D. "Accurate quantification of processes is therefore an important requirement for functional imaging in diagnosis, therapy and research. The quantitative accuracy and remarkably clear images that the new digital PET/CT system delivers are a key step forward." In a recent survey, nine out of ten referring physicians preferred Vereos digital PET/CT images over images taken with an analog system. 3 Philips has received 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market its digital PET/CT system in the U.S. IQon Spectral CT 1Philips' second RSNA introduction – its IQon Spectral CT system – is the world's first spectral-detector CT system built from the ground up for spectral imaging. It uses color to identify the composition of an image without involving time-consuming protocols. In the same way that white light is made up of a spectrum of colors, the X-ray beam used in CT scanners also consists of a spectrum of X-ray energies. With the development of a fundamentally new spectral detector that can discriminate between X-ray photons of multiple high and low energies simultaneously, Philips' IQon Spectral CT adds a new dimension to CT imaging, delivering not only anatomical information but also the ability to characterize structures based on their material makeup within a single scan. After a spectral CT examination, clinicians can interpret the conventional grey-scale anatomical images, and if necessary, access the spectral information that was acquired during the same scan. The IQon Spectral CT system's retrospective on-demand data analysis is made possible via Philips' iPatient platform, allowing clinicians to easily experience the benefits of spectral CT routinely within traditional radiology workflows.


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|Nandamuri Kalyan Ram
Aditi Arya
Jagapati Babu
|Music by
|Anup Rubens
|Mukesh G
Wikipedia IMDB
ISM Movie Official Trailer 2016
ISM Movie Torrent Download Mp4
Ism is a Telugu Action film, Produced by Kalyan Ram under N. T. R. Arts banner, and directed by Puri Jagannadh. StarringNandamuri Kalyan Ram, Aditi Arya in the lead roles, Jagapati Babu plays an important supporting role. and music composed byAnup Rubens. Junaid Siddiqui and Mukesh G handled the editing and cinematography respectively. the film is expected to release on 29 September 2016 on the occasion of Dussera.


text:
Psychotherapy aids bipolar treatment
By Bruce Bower, 15:56 PM April 15, 2008
Psychotherapy enhances emotional stability in people receiving standard medications for bipolar disorder, a new study finds.
Scientists earlier reported that only about one-quarter of bipolar patients receiving mood-stabilizing drugs get substantially better, whether or not they also take antidepressant medication (SN: 3/31/07, p. 196: Available to subscribers at Bipolar Surprise: Mood disorder endures antidepressant setback).
The same researchers, led by psychologist David Miklowitz of the Un...
Source URL: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/psychotherapy-aids-bipolar-treatment


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The Best TV of 2015 | 7 Jan 2016 // 9:00 PM
Female leads, streaming TV, robots and zombies? 2015 may go down as the year when the much-anticipated but rarely actualized changes in TV actually started to happen, as the best TV of 2015 offers an embarrassment of riches.
Can Television Be a Solution to Hollywood's Diversity Problem? | 18 Feb 2015 // 9:30 PM
We are living in the second Golden Age of Television, and not just because the writing is so good: TV is where we can tune in for real diversity.
Empire: Season 2, Part 2 | 31 May 2016 // 6:00 AM
If Empirestretches audience goodwill a little too far, perhaps it can be forgiven; whatever its flaws, it never fails to entertain.
Empire: Season 2, Episode 10 - "Et tu, Brute?" | 7 Dec 2015 // 5:00 AM
Given this episode's recycling of season one's plot, it seems as though we've maybe seen most of what Empire has to offer.
Why 'Empire' Rules Network TV and You Should Pay Attention to This Show | 31 Aug 2015 // 6:50 AM
Empire is the first one-hour network drama with a predominantly black cast to get a second season order.


text: I am looking for 2-3 more teams for my new 10-team 3-player keeper league. Fees: $100 to join/enter (since we are trying to get the last 2-3 players and have only 2 weeks, I am discounting the fee to $75, and will kick in the $25 myself if there are any cowboy fans from this board that want to enter. So pay $75 with a chance to win $5-600.) If we don't get the final 3 paying teams, we will let the final 3 owners play for free, but those free owners won't be eligible for playoffs or prize money. Either way the league will go forward with 10 teams. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Winnings: $100 for regular season champ $500 for playoff champion $250 for playoff runner up $100 for 3rd place in playoffs (95% payout - only a $50 fee by website for league maintenance) The league is one of the leagues on ffleagues.com. The rules are derived from a very exciting league that I have been in for a few years. You can check out the league at: http://www.ffleagues.com/ABQ/frames.php Even if you aren't interested, check out the league homepage. The page loads different cowboys pictures every time you load the page !!! You can click on league rules and scoring rules from a link on the left hand side of the main page. The money will be handled by the website and the league will have an unbiased commissioner from the website to rule on any trades. It is going to be a fun league, so if anyone on here is interested in joining, send me a message on here, or you can go onto the website and let you know you are interested. 95% payout You will acquire your 1st 4 players in year 1 by auction, and then there will later be a 16 round draft to fill out the 20-man roster. Send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com if interested, or if you have any questions !!! Dallas31


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A US soldier on duty in Baghdad. Photograph: Darko Bandic/AP
Today's Washington Post carries a report following up last week's Guardian story on future US policy in Iraq.
The Post says the US military is leaning towards a temporary increase of between 20,000 and 30,000 troops to curtail sectarian violence, followed by a long-term plan to shrink the number of troops drastically, reducing it to 60,000.
The Pentagon plan raises several questions. Firstly, will George Bush agree to a move that is going make him even more unpopular? The Republican party took a thumping - as Mr Bush himself put it, in the midterm elections - losing control of both houses of Congress, mainly because of Iraq.
The public is probably not going to react very well to an increase in troop numbers after having made clear its disapproval of the war, and Mr Bush can also expect a big fight with the resurgent Democrats, who are pushing for a phased withdrawal.
Secondly, does the US have enough troops? The US military is stretched as it is, fighting in Afghanistan as well as in Iraq.
Suzanne Nossel, at the Democracy Arsenal, believes the US simply does not have the troops available.
Thirdly, how temporary is a temporary troop increase? General George Casey, the top US commander in Iraq, said last month that it would take 12-18 months for the Iraqis to be able to assume responsibility for security.
Even more hair-raisingly for Americans, the Washington Post reports that planners envisage taking five to 10 more years to create a stable and competent Iraqi army.
Somehow, it is hard to imagine US troops staying in Iraq that long, even with a sharply reduced presence. That raises the other question. How long does the US intend to stay in Iraq anyway?
On the possibility of sending more troops, Mr Bush can simply say no. That was President Lyndon Johnson's answer to General William Westmoreland when he asked for an extra 200,000 troops for his one last big push after the 1968 Tet offensive.
With Washington awash with options on what to do on Iraq, it is of more than passing interest that Henry Kissinger, the architect of the US exit from Vietnam, no longer believes victory is possible.
He told BBC Sunday AM:
"If you mean by clear military victory an Iraqi government that can be established and whose writ runs across the whole country, that gets the civil war under control and sectarian violence under control in a time period that the political processes of the democracies will support, I don't believe that is possible."
That marks quite a change from his previous attitude when he told Bob Woodward for his book State of Denial: "Victory is the only meaningful exit strategy".


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We have a little something special for you today! If you're planning your honeymoon… or perhaps a getaway for Valentine's day… you're probably hoping to go somewhere extra romantic. We caught up with travel expert Fathom and they shared their picks for the ten most romantic hotels in the U.S. and Caribbean! Needless to say we're checkin' in to see when we can get away and book a stay at one of these romance hotspots… Enjoy daydreaming about your next vaca….
1. Wheatleigh Hotel in Lenox, Massachusetts
Photo: Courtesy of Wheatleigh Hotel
What's to Love: Very romantic year-round, but especially during the winter months when you can make the most of your in-room fireplace. The gardens were designed by Frederick Olmstead, and the restaurant is incredible.
Good to Know: Tanglewood — the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra — is just down the road. Pack and a picnic and enjoy sonatas under the stars.
2. Twin Farms in Barnard, Vermont
Photo: Courtesy of Twin Farms
What's to Love: Tastefully appointed everything, smack in the middle of nowhere. Super private, homey, and, even when full, feels like you have the place to yourself. Individual cottages are decorated with the owner's incredible art collection. A hushed, darkened dining room is set up so that all parties face the fireplace and the kitchen sticks to local goods even in the depths of winter. Meals are made to order according to a pre-arrival food questionnaire; you never see a menu.
Good to know: Go here instead of the nearby ski resorts: There are a half dozen downhill trails on the property and the most fun thing ever is that they cart you around the mountain on snowmobiles. Hit the furo (Japanese soaking tub) on a cold snowy night — a car service brings you to and from the tiny shack which is hidden in the woods.
See More romantic hotels in the Northeast.
3. The Inn at Little Washington in Washington, Virginia
Photo: Courtesy of The Inn at Little Washington
What's to Love: Consistently ranked as one of the country's best restaurants with an eighteen room inn. Engagements and special occasions are de rigeur around here.
Good to Know: The Gamekeeper's Cottage has a bedroom loft that's like an elegant treehouse.
4. The Villa by Barton G. in Miami, Florida
Photo: Courtesy of The Villa by Barton G.
What's to Love: Opulent and very private ten-suite villa and restaurant located in the heart of South Beach. Stunning Italian features like the Thousand Mosaic Pool.
Good to know: Yes, this used to be Casa Casuarina, the infamous former home of Gianni Versace.
See More romantic hotels in the South.
5. Wandawega Lake Resort in Elkhorn, WI
Photo: Courtesy of Wandawega Lake Resort
What's to Love: A Prohibition-era summer camp turned artist retreat with every camp activity from canoeing to archery. A favorite with musicians, artists, and adventurer types.
Good to Know: If you book a teepee, boy scout cabin, or the three-story treehouse, bring extra batteries for your flashlight.
See More romantic hotels in the Midwest.
6. Auberge du Soleil in Rutherford, California
Photo: Courtesy of Auberge du Soleil
What's to Love: Built as if it grew out of the hillside with an unobstructed view of the Napa Valley. Quiet elegance, privacy, very peaceful.
Good to Know: The service is immediate and understated. There's no reason to leave your thoughtfully stocked room, but you should for a magical dinner at the restaurant up the hill. The atmosphere is an intersection of nature and elegance.
7. Farmhouse Inn in Russian River Valley, California
Photo: Courtesy of Farmhouse Inn
What's to Love: Tucked away in the backwoods of beautiful Sonoma, the dreamy hotel has a fireplace in every room, fluffy feather beds, and huge soaking tubs. In the lobby, there are different kinds of homemade bath salts and soaps and they hand you warm chocolate chip cookies and cold milk when you check in.
Good to Know: Rent a car. The Michelin-starred restaurant is amazing and there are several low-key wineries within a short drive. Take the on-site wine class taught by the restaurant's sommelier.
8. Beverly Hills Hotel in Beverly Hills, California
Photo: Courtesy of Beverly Hills Hotel
What's to Love: Old-school glamour, secluded bungalows, and the best chopped salad and fries in the world. (Along with the occasional Reese Witherspoon sighting).
Good to Know: It just had a massive renovation, so it's very old-meets-new.
See More romantic hotels in the West.
9. Carlisle Bay in St. Mary's, Antigua
Photo: Courtesy of Carlisle Bay.
What's to Love: There is a European vibe here that makes it feel far away. Very good spa, beach barbecues, and minimalist, tasteful rooms add to the overall Zen aesthetic.
Good to Know: For true romance, book dinner on the jetty for just the two of you, enjoy delicious tuna tartare and beautiful candlelight.
10. Cotton House in Mustique, The Grenadines
Photo Courtesy of Cotton House
What's to Love: This place is tough to get to, so it keeps other people away. Rooms are utterly simple — billowing linens and soothing, neutral tones — with tasteful plunge pools so you never really have to leave your suite. Dinner is freshly caught lobster on the veranda; there's a weekly island cocktail party in case you feel like socializing.
Good to know: Bring lots of sunscreen. The rays are seriously strong here.
Find more romantic hotels {here}.
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text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Vehicle Processing, Select State/Province USA
Vehicle Processing Lied who they are Texas
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
Received phone call from Christina Miller @ Vehicle Processing for Saturn. Since Saturn is no longer being made, I was confused and asked who she represented. She said General Motors and then started asking me private information about mileage, etc.
I had just had an accident and thought that it was the insurace company calling so I asked again who she was representating. She said Vehicle Processing for Saturn and General Motors.
This is a scam to sell warranty. When I confronted her about soliciting private information without identifying her purpose, she hung up on me.
REALLY watch our for these people. You can inadvertantly give information before you realize they are selling garbage.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 09/24/2013 09:26 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/vehicle-processing/select-stateprovince/vehicle-processing-lied-who-they-are-texas-1086903. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
Keratosis Pilaris
I have Keratisis Pilaris. Its been few years it is there in my both upper arms and i feel it is increasing now a days. I am currently using Moisturex and xerina ointment as prescribed by physician but i dont see any improvement. its been 5 month since i started this medication. i want to get rid of this issue. Can any one help
Answers (2)
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Hi Keratosis pilaris takes time to respond and you are using good creams. Sometimes it may just reduce and may not respond completely. Try taking omega fatty acids such as fish or almonds in your diet. Glycolic acid peels and microdermabrasion will also help but these are short term results as keratosis tends to be recurring. Please contact a dermatologist if you have an upcoming events.
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Hi......keratosisi pilaris is due to abnormal retention of keratin in hair follicles. Moisturisers n keratinolytics ll help in reducing the symptoms n leasions.avoide rubbing or scratching the leasions . Consult a dermatologist for appropriate treatment. Hope this ll help you. Have a good day. Regards Dr.Rajitha; HEALING HANDS CLINIC
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text:
Kirkland & Ellis and Willkie Farr & Gallagher have snared lead roles on MidAmerican Energy's $4.7bn (£2.6bn) acquisition of Constellation Energy.
A Kirkland team, led by partners George Stamas and Mark Director advised Constellation while Willkie partners Peter Hanlon, Adam Turtletaub and Laurence Weltman advised Warren Buffet's MidAmerican Energy.
Kirkland has an existing relationship with Constellation. In 2006, Stamas and Director advised the group on its merger with Florida energy company, FPL Group.
MidAmerican turned to regular adviser Hanlon, who also represented the company in 2005 when it acquired PacifiCorp from Scottish Power for $9.4bn (£5.2bn).
The deal comes at a time of massive liquidity concerns in the global markets, which had impacted Constellation's commodities trading operations. Up until today (18 September), the energy had been struggling to find a suitable acquirer while a large-scale capital infusion from energy company EDF was also discussed during negotiations.


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BeschreibungThe Abdus Salam Memorial Meeting was held from the 19th to the 22nd of November, 1997 on the first anniversary of the death of Prof Abdus Salam, Nobel laureate and Founder-Director of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. It was an opportunity for many of his colleagues and students to pay homage to him.This invaluable volume, comprising the papers presented at the meeting, reflects the long-lasting passion of Prof Salam for the theory of the fundamental forces. Most of the contributions are concerned with recent developments in the theory of superstrings, including duality, D-branes and related topics.
InhaltsverzeichnisRecollections of Adbus Salam at Imperial College, T.W.B. Kibble; the standard model - Abdus Salam's lasting legacy, J. Ellis; going beyond the Salam-Weinberg standard model with decaying neutrinos, D. Sciama; the superworld, N. Seiberg; aspects of six dimensional supersymmetric theories, S. Randjbar-Daemi; discrete symmetries and supersymmetries - powerful tools for studying quantum mechanical systems, J. Niederle; pre-Big Bang cosmology - a long history of time?, G. Veneziano; with neutrino masses revealed, proton decay is the missing link, J.C. Pati; string theory, black holes and quantum coherence, D. Amati; topics in M-theory, E. Sezgin; a layman's guide to M-theory, M.J. Duff; quantum corrections to eleven-dimensional supergravity, M.B. Green; BPS states and supersymmetry, S. Ferrara; micro-states of the 5-dimensional black hole, S.R. Wadia; bound states of branes, K.S. Narain; minimal cycles, black holes and QFTs, C. Vafa.
Untertitel: Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUB CO INC
Erscheinungsdatum: Februar 1999
Seitenanzahl: 288 Seiten
Format: gebunden


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MONROE, La. — It was another dominating defensive performance yet again for the Appalachian State Mountaineers last week.
App State knocked off Georgia State in Atlanta, 37-3.
"Our defense played really really well and we were able to come away with a big win in our first conference game," said head coach Scott Satterfield.
This was the third opponent in five games that the Mountaineers have kept out of the end zone.
Mountaineer quarterback Taylor Lamb completed 18-of-24 passes for 291 yards and three touchdowns and Malachi Jones had three catches for 102 yards to lead the way offensively.
Bobo Beathard, Shaedon Meadors and Levi Duffield all had touchdown grabs.
Marcus Cox was held under 100 yards for the first time all season. The junior carried the ball 19 times for 76 yards.
This week, the Mountaineers will travel to take on Louisiana-Monroe.
The Warhawks have struggled to a 1-4 start this season and are coming off of a disappointing 34-24 loss against Tulsa. UL-Monroe had a 24-20 lead in the fourth quarter but gave up a pair of touchdowns in the final nine minutes to take the loss.
UL-Monroe has been extremely battled-tested this season with a non-conference schedule that included dates with SEC powers Georgia and Alabama. The Warhawks' lone win this year came against FCS opponent Nicholls State.
"Their (UL-Monroe) record is certainly misleading. They have played Georgia, Alabama, Georgia Southern and Tulsa they are all pretty fine teams. That's a hard schedule to start out with," said Satterfield.
The Warhawks are led by sophomore quarterback Garrett Smith. He has passed for 1,113 and nine touchdowns to go along with seven interceptions.
For the Mountaineers, the team is used to playing on the road this year as this will mark the fourth time in six games App State has played away from Boone.
"We're putting everything we've got into the preparation this week against Louisiana-Monroe and hopefully we'll go down there and play well," said Satterfield. It's a challenge every single week especially now going on the road, it's a long trip for us, and we're going to put everything we've got into it to get out of there with a win."
UL-Monroe head coach Todd Berry has been through a lot already this season. The ups and downs of winning and losing on the field had to take a backseat to the death of a team member two weeks ago when walk-on quarterback Daniel Fitzwater died. Fitzwater, 20, was out for the season with a knee injury. The cause of Fitzwater's death is still unknown.
"This last week was tough on us and it made it a little bit more difficult on us in the game," said Coach Berry. "The tragedy that some of our players are dealing with, it's not just a loss of a teammate. It's dealing with some of their own terminal thoughts. They all think they're bullet proof at this age."
Kickoff from Malone Stadium will be at 7 p.m. The game can be watched live online via ESPN 3.
- This is the second meeting between App State and UL-Monroe. The Mountaineers won last year's game in Boone, 31-29.
- The Mountaineers have won seven straight Sun Belt games.
- App State has now won 10 of the last 11 games.
- App State still leads the nation in red zone defense, surrendering just two touchdowns and one field goal to the opposition in 12 red zone trips.
- The Mountaineers also lead the nation in defensive touchdowns with three.
- ASU is looking for just its second win ever in the state of Louisiana.
Nathan Ham can be reached at 336-846-7164 or followed on Twitter @NathanHam87


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 16, 1979
|Filing date
|Jul 7, 1977
|Priority date
|Jul 7, 1977
|Publication number
|William G. Schmidt
|Original Assignee
|Satellite Business Systems
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (43), Classifications (4), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to multi-transponder TDMA communication networks.
Although a relatively recent addition to communication technology, time division multiple access (TDMA) has become an acceptable technique for use with transponders located in synchronous or quasi-synchronous earth orbit. Conventionally, a satelite transponder has an associated up-link frequency on which it receives from a plurality of earth stations. The transponder further has a down-link frequency on which it transmits. Time division techniques place a number of channels in a single frequency. To allow multiple stations to talk to each other through a single transponder on common up-link and down-link frequencies, proper timing is essential. To prevent garbling, the transmissions from each of the different stations must be received in time sequence at the transponder. In order to efficiently utilize the capacity of the transponder, proper timing is achieved through timing from a common marker or reference burst transmitted to each of the stations through the transponder. A periodic reference burst defines a frame, between adjacent reference bursts, which is further conceptually subdivided into a plurality of time slots. Each of the stations is allowed to transmit, in burst form, and each burst is aimed at a different slot. Thus, the frame includes the reference burst, and a plurality of slots for traffic. To make control of the network tractable, a further portion of the frame is provided for control purposes, i.e., to allow changing the slot allocations among the stations, etc.
TDMA systems can be further subdivided into single channel per burst systems and multiple channel per burst systems. In the former, time slots in the frame are usually of fixed duration and when a station needs a communication channel it must seize an unused time slot. In the latter type of system, each burst includes multiple channels and the time slots are dedicated to a particular station's bursts which may not be of fixed duration. Changing traffic among the stations is handled by changing burst (or slot) duration and, of necessity, burst position. Systems which are arranged to control changes in burst duration and position are disclosed in prior U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,644,678 (issued Feb. 22, 1972); 3,649,764 (issued Mar. 14, 1972); and 3,818,453 (issued June 18, 1974). The first two mentioned patents do not disclose multi-transponder systems. The latter patent, while disclosing how a particular station may transmit to, or receive from, multiple transponders and how burst duration and position may be varied does not disclose how the latter function can be achieved in a multi-transponder system in an orderly fashion. The present invention is directed to this end. A copending application, Ser. No. 779,874, filed on Mar. 21, 1977, relates to single channel per burst systems.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide for burst duration and location changes in a multiple transponder multiple channel per burst fully variable demand assignment system.
This and other objects of the invention are fulfilled in a multi-transponder TDMA network having a first transponder and a group of stations communicating with each other through said first transponder in a first TDMA frame and a second transponder and a second group of stations communicating with each other through said second transponder in a second TDMA frame; intra-group communications are confined to predetermined (but variable) portions of first and second TDMA frames which are synchronized, said portions overlap each other in time leaving other portions of both frames available for inter-group traffic. The inter-group traffic is allowed to proceed in the other portions of said frames, using transponder hopping techniques, either up-link or down-link.
A control means is provided to enable orderly changes in burst duration and position. The control means may take the form of one or more control stations, which may be co-located with one or more of the other stations. If only one control station is included it must be capable of transmitting to and receiving from each transponder. Otherwise, a control station is provided for each group of stations, in which case the control station need only have the communication facilities of any other station in the associated group. The control station or stations transmit a burst to the stations in the associated group, to perform the following functions:
1. request for data on required capacity;
2. providing new capacity assignments; and
3. providing commands to execute the new assignments.
The control station also transmits a "deaf" burst to the non-associated stations to perform the following functions:
1. inform the non-associated stations of revised (but not yet executed) channel assignments;
2. coordinate with control station(s) of other group(s);
3. provide a command channel to indicate a command to execute revised channel assignments.
This burst is "deaf" since its transmission is not monitored by the transmitting control station.
As in the aforementioned patents, transponder capacity, and hence burst duration, is allocated in increments of fixed duration or multiples thereof, which fixed duration may, for example, correspond to a voice channel. This minimum duration will be termed a channel-slot. Thus, the beginning of a burst of each station may coincide with an integral multiple of channel-slots from the frame reference. In determining required capacity the control means acquires information from each station as to its current channel-slot capacity requirements. After determining a re-allocation of capacity among stations in the network, in accordance with an appropriate algorithm, such as one disclosed in one of the cited patents, each station is informed of new channel-slot assignments. After verifying that this data is properly received, an execute command is transmitted to all stations. Where there exists a control station per group of stations, each control station handles channel-slot allocations of the intra- and inter-group capacity for associated stations. This is accomplished by a burst transmission in the intra-group portion of the associated frame which is received by all associated stations. The same control station then transmits at least a portion of this information in the inter-group portion of the frame for reception by non-associated stations. In this fashion, all stations, that is, stations in both groups, are informed about new channel-slot assignments or burst duration and position changes. If only a single control station is provided it must perform the functions outlined for both groups of stations
The present invention will now be disclosed to allow those skilled in the art to practice the same in the following portion of this specification when taken in conjunction with the attached drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic showing of a multi-transponder network with two groups of stations;
FIGS. 2-6 illustrate the TDMA frames of the transponders shown in FIG. 1; and,
FIGS. 7-9 are block diagrams of suitable earth stations, FIG. 7 repesenting a combined traffic and control station, FIG. 8 representing a stand-alone control station and FIG. 9 representing a typical traffic station.
Inasmuch as the previously referred-to prior art U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,644,678 and 3,649,764 provide a disclosure of how, in a single transponder network, channel-slot reallocation functions can be provided, that disclosure will not be repeated herein, and the disclosure of those patents is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention is directed at a method and apparatus for providing the foregoing functions, in an orderly manner, in a multi-transponder network wherein some of the stations must, of necessity, transmit "deaf" at times.
More particularly, FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of such a network including transponders J and K. A first group of stations, identified by reference characters A1 -An, can normally communicate among each other, in a TDMA format through the transponder J employing up-links and down-links associated with that transponder. A second group of stations, identified by reference characters B1 -Bn, can normally communicate among themselves with a second transponder K, employing up-links and down-links associated with that transponder. As described in copending application Ser. No. 779,874, bi-directional communication can be enabled between a station in the first group and a station in the second group by employing transponder hopping. That is, for example, in up-link hopping, the first group stations can transmit not only to transponder J (on up-link Ju) but can also transmit to transponder K (on the corresponding up-link Ku). Likewise, second group stations can transmit to first group stations by employing the up-link to transponder J (Ju) in addition to the up-link to transponder K (Ku). The mentioned application discloses method and apparatus for providing orderly communications employing up-link or down-link hopping with a network such as the one shown in FIG. 1, employing a single channel per burst format. To implement the disclosed technique, all the stations in the network are capable of transmitting on either up-link, Ju or Ku. A first portion of each frame (associated with each transponder) is set aside for intra-group communications, that is, first group stations transmit on the up-link Ju and second group stations transmit on the up-link Ku. A second portion of each of the frames is set aside for inter-group communication. To effect inter-group communication, employing up-link hopping, a switch is provided at each of the stations having two positions. In one position of the switch intra-group communications are carried out, and in the second position of the switch, inter-group communications are carried out. This switch may be located in the up-link converter to switch in one of two different oscillators for selecting the appropriate up-link. In the alternative, each station may have two up-link converters with the switch provided to select between the appropriate up-link converter. By synchronizing operation of the switches in all the stations in the network, when the first group stations are transmitting to transponder K (corresponding to inter-group communication) the second group stations are transmitting to transponder J, and thus the objective of TDMA communication is realized, there are non-overlapping bursts received at the transponder for retransmission to the stations in the network.
The particular problems solved in the apparatus and method disclosed in the co-pending application related particularly to signalling and control, some of which are common to single and multiple channel per burst operations, while other problems are unique to single channel per burst operations. The present application is directed to the solution of problems unique to multiple channel per burst operations.
From the preceding discussion, and a review of FIG. 1, those skilled in the art will be capable of varying the apparatus in FIG. 1 to employ down-link hopping. That merely requires eliminating the ability of the first group stations to transmit to either transponder J or K, and instead enabling the first group stations to receive, from transponder K at selected times in the frame in addition to receiving from transponder J at other portions of the frame. Correspondingly, second group stations are limited to transmitting to transponder K, but during selected times in the frame, can receive from transponder J. A switch at each of the stations, similar to the switch discussed above, is provided for selecting the transponder to which the stations are responsive.
The particular problems to which the present invention is directed are the control functions required for channel re-allocation in a multiple channel per burst format; specifically, the need to:
1. collect data on channel-slots in use and thus to be in a position to determine numbers of unused channels available for reassignment;
2. provide the station in the network with new channel-slot assignments, and their positions in the frames;
3. provide commands to execute the new assignments.
These functions have to be performed, notwithstanding the fact that some stations may, of necessity, be transmitting "deaf" inasmuch as they may not be capable of receiving their transmission, at least for certain portions of the frames.
With the preceding discussion in mind, FIG. 2 represents the frames J and K, and more particularly illustrates the transponder hopping format. The reference characters identify the transponder (J or K) with which the frame is associated. That is, the frame J includes a reference burst 10, transmitted by a station of either the first of the second groups which corresponds to the reference stations transmitting the time marker on which the frames J and K are based. As disclosed in the co-pending application, it is preferable for a single station to transmit the reference marker in both frames. The frame further includes the intra-group segment in which first group stations transmit to and receive from transponder J. Correspondingly, the frame K includes a reference burst 15, displaced from the reference burst 10 by a predetermined period. The frame K also includes an intra-group segment as is shown in FIG. 2 and comprises portions 18 and 19 of the frame K. Although it is essential that a reference marker or burst be included in each frame it is not essential to the invention that it be included in the intra-segment of the frame, and if desired, could be included in the inter-group segment of the frame so long as the reference burst is included in the same portion of each of the two frames to insure that each of the stations receives the reference burst. Since the reference burst 10 and 15 in the frames J and K are preferably displaced from one another, the intra segment of frame K is divided into two portions, such as the portions 18 and 19 as illustrated. Each of the frames J and K also includes an inter-group segment in which stations in the second group transmit to transponder J, for reception by stations in the first group. Likewise, transponder K includes an inter-group segment in which first group stations transmit to transponder K for reception by second group stations.
For purposes of channel re-allocation, it is desirable that one station in each group be designated the control station, and this station need not be the station transmitting the reference burst. As disclosed in the aforementioned patents, the control station periodically collects information on the number of channels in use, computes desirable changes to maximize channel usage, informs the other stations in the group of the revised channel assignments, and provides a command for execution of the channel assignment changes. As is also disclosed in the aforementioned patents, burst duration is always an integral number of channel-slots, wherein each channel-slot may comprise a predetermined time period, such as an integral number of bits in the bit stream. To perform these functions, the control station in each group must transmit a control burst. Thus, for frame J, FIG. 3 illustrates that a first group control station transmits a control burst in the frame portion 11, and the second group control station transmits a control burst in the frame portion 12. Inasmuch as these bursts are included in the intra-group segment, they are received only by stations in the same group as the transmitting station. Thus, for example, if station A1 is designated as the control station, its burst in the portion 11 will be received by all other first group stations. This provides the necessary communication paths for some of the functions that have to be performed. However, inasmuch as the control burst in the portion 11 is not received by the second group stations, it is essential that station A1 have a means of communicating with second group stations. To this end, station A1 is also capable of transmitting a control burst in a frame portion 22 in the inter segment of the frame K, and this burst is received by the second group stations. Likewise, if the station B1 is designated as the control station in the second group stations, it transmits a control burst in the frame portion 12 in the intra segment of frame K, and a control burst in the frame portion 21 in the inter segment of frame J. The burst in the frame portion 12 is received by all second group stations, and the burst in the frame portion 21 is received by all first group stations.
As will be described below, the referred-to frame portions 11, 12, 21 and 22 may carry bursts other than the control bursts described. In particular, replies from other stations may be transmitted in these frame portions as well. That is, the request for data transmitted by station A1 may result in replies from stations A2 . . . An. These replies are multiplexed, in known fashion, into the frame portion 11. Similar remarks hold for the frame portions 12, 21 and 22.
In accordance with the foregoing, then, FIG. 4 illustrates a typical makeup of the frames J and K at any particular instant in time. Frame J thus includes the reference burst 10, the station A1 's control burst in portion 11, and traffic from each of stations A1 -A6, for reception at all other first group stations. Also transmitted in frame J is station B1 's control burst in portion 21 as well as traffic from stations B1, B3 -B6 for reception by all first group stations. Correspondingly, frame K includes, as is illustrated in FIG. 4, traffic from stations B5 -B7 for reception at other second group stations, the reference burst 15, transmitted preferably by the same station that transmits reference burst 10, station B1 's control burst in portion 12 as well as traffic transmitted by stations B1 -B4, all for reception by second group stations. Also included in this frame K is station A1 's control burst in portion 22, as well as traffic from stations A1 -A.sub. 6, for reception by all second group stations.
Inasmuch as the prior art includes disclosures of methods and apparatus for call signalling purposes, i.e., the functions necessary for obtaining channel capacity for go and return links required by any call, as well as methods and apparatus for changing burst position and duration, in single transponder networks, the methods and apparatus to perform these functions will not be addressed herein. The particular problems to be overcome by the methods and apparatus of this invention relate to control of burst position and duration in the inter-group segment of the frames of a multi-transponder network. More particularly, the referenced U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,644,678 and 3,649,764 contain teachings to enable those skilled in the art to provide for burst position and duration changes in a single transponder network, and the same methods and apparatus can be employed in the intra-group portion of the frames of a multi-transponder network.
FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of apparatus which is located at a typical station to perform the functions outlined above. The showing of FIG. 7 represents a typical station and a co-located control station. To illustrate the point about selecting either up-link or down-link hopping, FIG. 7 shows an earth station suitable for use with down-link hopping.
An interface signal processor 30 accepts signalling and traffic data on an input bus 31, and provides received signalling and traffic data to a terrestrial network via output bus 33. The interface signal processor 30 can, for instance, provide digitizing functions where the traffic requires those functions. The interface signal processor can also separate signalling and traffic. Traffic is provided, over a bus 35, to a transmit buffer 36-38. As shown in FIG. 7, by the dotted horizontal line, this apparatus may actually comprise a transmit buffer 36, adapted for intra-group transmission and a separate transmit buffer 38 adapted for inter-group communications. The buffer or buffers are enabled to receive data for storage purposes via control lines 43 from a transmit control 32. A single buffer may be substituted for the two buffers illustrated in FIG. 7 provided there are addressing arrangments for segregating the traffic destined for channels in the intra-group portion of the frame from the traffic destined for the inter-group channels of the frame. Signalling information passes between the interface signal processor 30 and a transmit control 32 via control lines 39. The buffers 36-38 have output lines respectively to an OR gate 44 which drives burst modulator 48. The output of burst modulator 48 is coupled to an up/converter 50, which in turn drives high powered amplifier 52 which is coupled to antenna 54. Signals received over antenna 54 are coupled to low noise amplifier 56 which is coupled, in turn, to down converters 58 and 60. One down converter, for example, down converter 58, enables the station to receive from transponder J, and the other down converter enables the station to receive from transponder K. The outputs of the down converters 58 and 60 are provided to a transponder switch 68, the output of which drives burst demodulator 62. The demodulator signals are provided to a receive buffer 40 (intra) a receive buffer 42 (inter) and a control message buffer receiver 64. As in the case with the transmit buffers 36-38, the receive buffer 40-42 can comprise two separate buffers, indicated by the horizontal dashed line. On the other hand, with proper addressing techniques, a single buffer will suffice. The buffers 40-42 are allowed to receive in response to signals coupled from a receive control 34 over control lines 47. The buffers 40-42 provide received traffic data over a bus 37 to the interface signal processor 30, which in turn couples the data to a terrestrial network over its output bus 33. For those channels where, for example, the interface signal processor provides digitizing functions, the interface signal processor 30 correspondingly includes digital to analog conversion apparatus so that the output provided on bus 33 is analog in form. The readout of buffers 40-42 is controlled over control lines 45 from receive control 34. Further signalling information passes between the receive control 34 and the interface signal processor 30 over control lines 41.
The specifics regarding the signal processor 30, transmit buffers 36-38 receive buffers 40-42 as well as transmit control 32 and receive control 34, modulator 48, demodulator 62, as well as the other apparatus in the signal chain associated with the antenna 54, are well known to those skilled in the art and will therefore not be further disclosed. The present invention deals with the control of this apparatus so as to permit multi-transponder multiple channel per burst operations.
The control and traffic station, in addition to the foregoing apparatus, includes an allocation processor 70. The allocation processor receives, from the control message buffer receiver 64 control messages from the various stations. The allocation processor 70 provides control message buffer transmitter 66 with control messages which forms the control burst illustrated in FIG. 4. The allocation processor 70 also communicates with the transmit control 32.
The control and traffic station shown in FIG. 7 is a station for a system which employs down-link hopping, as implied by the presence of the transponder switch 68 selecting between one of two down-converters 68 or 60. As mentioned hereinabove, up-link hopping can also be employed. In the case of up-link hopping, only a single down-link converter is provided and switch 68 is eliminated. Rather, a pair of up-link converters are provided with the transponder switch selecting between one of the two up-link converters.
The control function can be provided by a control station, one in each group, which can either be combined with one of the other stations in the group, or can be a separate stand-alone unit as shown in FIG. 8. On the other hand, a single control station, again either a stand-alone or combined with another station, can be provided to control both groups. Such common control station would, however, require an up-converter and down-converter for each transponder served. Furthermore, it is also preferable to displace the control bursts transmitted by such a common control station so that they are not simultaneously transmitted to both transponders. This requires offsetting in time the control bursts aimed at different transponders, and therefore requires modification of the frame format shown in FIGS. 3-4. A typical traffic station which does not perform control functions is shown in FIG. 9. Since FIG. 9 repeats the identical apparatus of FIG. 7, no further discussion is deemed necessary.
To demonstrate operation of the invention, consider the network of FIG. 1, at a first time in which there are eight stations, four in a first group A1 -A4, and four in a second group B1 -B4, operating with two transponders J and K and assume each transponder has a 1,000 channel capacity. At a first instant, the traffic matrix is as shown in Table I, reproduced below.
The inter-transponder segment for each transponder is equal in capacity and is set at 200 channels, leaving 800 channels for intra-transponder traffic. The particular frame formats are shown in FIG. 5. Assume, as we have discussed, that a control station is provided for each group, A1 in the first group and B1 in the second group. In order to re-allocate channel capacity, the control burst from each control station requests the stations in the associated group to transmit their suggested new capacity allocations for both the intra- and inter-transponder operations. These control bursts, one for A1 and another for B1, need only be transmitted to stations in the associated group and therefore this control message need not be repeated in the inter frame segment. Repetition may, however, be desirable to inform the other control station that a request for channel usage has actually been transmitted. The stations reply in their control message areas of their intra-transponder bursts, i.e., in frame portion 11, or 12, depending upon in which group a station is. The replies may simply correspond to station totals, but can also indicate suggested link totals.
Likewise, the station replies need only be transmitted to the associated control station (intra segment only). Repetition may, however, be desirable to allow the non-associated control station to monitor the replies and perhaps enable the non-associated control station to check operation of its counterpart. This information, at stations A1 and B1, is received at the control message buffer receiver 64 and provided to the allocation processor 70 at each of the stations. Employing a re-allocation algorithm resident in the control program of allocation processor 70, new capacity allocations are determined. These allocation capacities are transmitted, through the control message buffer 66, at each of the control stations, in both the intra- and inter-segment control bursts of the control station, and in this fashion, is made available to not only the stations in the associated group, but the stations in the other group. For illustration purposes, Table II below lists the new channel allocations.
As yet, this merely is information which will be employed at a future time; in other words, while the stations receive their new allocations they are still operating on the old allocation of FIG. 5. The allocation processor 70 provides time for the stations to either acknowledge proper receipt of the new capacity allocations or to notify the associated control station that the new allocations received are, for some reason, incorrect. Any of a number of well-known acknowledgement or verification procedures may be used. For example, each control station may allow a fixed period (Tc) within which the associated stations may report a problem with their receipt of new allocations. If no station reports a problem within time Tc, it is assumed that the allocations have been correctly received. After further coordination between the control stations A1 and B1, each station transmits an execute command to the stations in the associated group in the intra-transponder burst. Since the control stations may communicate with each other through the inter-transponder segments this coordination is readily achieved. Upon receipt of this command, and employing a prearranged common synchronization procedure, such as procedures known in the art, all stations shift their inter- and intra-transponder burst positions and adjust their internal memories to correspond to the new locations for their burst as well as other bursts of interest in the two frames. New frame formats corresponding to the traffic matrix of Table II is shown in FIG. 6.
Thus, the control stations have, in accordance with the preceding, performed the functions of reallocating channel capacity, informing all stations in the network, both those in the associated group, and those in the other group, of these new allocations and commanded the stations in the network to execute the new commands.
The preceding discussion has assumed that the transition time between inter- and intra-transponder operations is fixed. It may, however, be desirable to adapt the percentage of inter-transponder capacity and intra-transponder capacity in accordance with changing traffic. This can be accomplished by setting the hopping times, that is, the time in the frame when the switch 68 is operated, on the basis of another command from the control station. In this fashion, the percentage of transponder capacity employed in intra- and inter-transponder operations can be varied to suit varying traffic.
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|U.S. Classification
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|Sep 15, 1997
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text:
JD & Lima,
I have never been through this, so I won't pretend to understand how y'all feel. Just know that you are in our thoughts and prayers. If there's anything I (we) can do or you just need to vent, I'm as close as a PM.
This is a discussion on Some bad news... within the Bob & Terry's Place forums, part of the The Back Porch category; Well, "our" pregnancy was short lived, Lima had a miscarriage on Friday morning. We're OK, we know it was just natures way and had nothing ...
Well, "our" pregnancy was short lived, Lima had a miscarriage on Friday morning.
We're OK, we know it was just natures way and had nothing to do with something we did or didn't do. We were pretty torn up at first as this was our first try at starting a family, but we've pulled through OK.
No worries, we'll be trying again.
JD & Lima,
I have never been through this, so I won't pretend to understand how y'all feel. Just know that you are in our thoughts and prayers. If there's anything I (we) can do or you just need to vent, I'm as close as a PM.
JD & Lima,
My wife and I have been through this. It is, at best, disappointing, and, at worst, devastating.
Take some time to process, talk, pray, cry, laugh, whatever comes.
Use any resources you think you may need. You will get through it. Some days may just be tougher than others.
God bless.
He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain what he cannot lose. - Jim Elliott
The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do anything about it.
Albert Einstein
I'm so sorry to hear this JD. Our first child was stillborn. It's heartbreaking, but we're now the proud parents of a 3 month old baby girl. Peace be with you.
"Wise people learn when they can; fools learn when they must." - The Duke of Wellington
My heartfelt condolences to you and Lima. You are in my prayers.
I feared the worst when I saw her signature was changed. My thoughts and prayers go out to you both. Find strength in God and each other and you will pull through.
Theres an old and true, military motto, Si vis pacem, para bellum - If you want peace, prepare for war.
Our thoughts and prayers are with you guys.
Lex et Libertas Semper Vigilo, Fortis, Paratus, et Fidelis!
"Not only do the people who put their lives on the line to protect the rest of us deserve better, we all deserve better than to have our own security undermined by those who undermine law enforcement." -Thomas Sowell
Thoughts and prayers are with y'all.
And on the bright side, now is the best time to try again. Its happened to more than one couple that we know.
S&W 638, Ruger LCP, Kimber Ultra CDP
Find the strength you both will need to get through this in each other. Sometimes bad things happen to good people. My thoughts and prayers will be for you.
An ounce of lead is worth 200lbs of cop.
God kids , Words cannot express how sad i am for you . I know just where you guys are as the wife and i suffered thro 7 miscarriages to get our two kids . Loosing a child is never easy or ok , but i came to the conclusion that its far better to miscarry early than to have problems resulting in tragedy later . Hang in there , and give Lima a big hug and kiss on the forehead from all of us secure in the knowledge that all things come to pass , and this too shall .
Make sure you get full value out of today , Do something worthwhile, because what you do today will cost you one day off the rest of your life .
We only begin to understand folks after we stop and think .
Criminals are looking for victims, not opponents.
You will both be our family's prayers tonight. Be there for each other, love each other, support each other and keep trying when you are ready again. When the time is right and you have a family, the joy will be worth the pain.
God bless you,
"Skin that smokewagon!".
i love you guys, you are in my prayers
I am sworn to protect the Constitution of the U.S.A. from all threats both foreign and domestic.
my heart and thoughts go out to the both of you. my lady had two before we had our daughter. i know these things just happen, and it's just nature, but that doesn't make it hurt any less.
be strong.
Very, very sorry to hear this. Thoughts, wishes and prayers are with you both.
Battle Plan (n) - a list of things that aren't going to happen if you are attacked.
Blame it on Sixto - now that is a viable plan.
Learning to shoot again : Starting Over
Lima & JD: I wish I could be there and give you guys the biggest hug I could give. We don't know you but we all deeply care and feel the loss because you have grown to be our extended cyberfamily.
You have to make the shot when fire is smoking, people are screaming, dogs are barking, kids are crying and sirens are coming.
Randy Cain.
Ego will kill you. Leave it at home.
Signed: Me!