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Dubrovnik, Athens & Montenegro Cruise with a stay on Lake Garda
15 days from £1519pp.
Visit: Athens, Greece
Visit: Split, Croatia
Visit: Dubrovnik, Croatia
Visit: Ephesus, Turkey
Visit: Verona, Italy
Visit: Norwegian Star, Transport
Day 1
Local departure by coach or Door-to-Door service, then to Belgium for an overnight stay.
Day 2
Continue to Austria for an overnight stay.
- Included meals: Breakfast, Dinner
Day 3
Venice (Depart 17:00)
Continue over the Brenner Pass towards Venice before joining the Norwegian Star.
- Included meals: Breakfast, Dinner
Day 4
Dubrovnik, Croatia (Arrive 13:00 Depart 21:00)
- Included meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 5
Kotor, Montenegro (Arrive 08:00 Depart 14:00)
- Included meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 6
Olympia, Greece (Arrive 11:00 Depart 17:00)
(*docking at Katakolon)
- Included meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 7
Athens, Greece (Arrive 07:00 Depart 17:00)
(*docking at Piraeus)
- Included meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 8
At Sea
- Included meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 9
Split, Croatia (Arrive 08:00 Depart 17:00)
- Included meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 10
Venice, Italy (Arrive 08:00)
Disembark and rejoin our coach then to Lake Garda for a four-night stay.
- Included meals: Breakfast, Dinner
Day 11
Free Time
A leisurely day in resort.
- Included meals: Breakfast, Dinner
Day 12
Enjoy a full-day included visit to the beautiful city of Verona, said to be the setting for Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet Explore the city and see the impressive Arena di Verona, home of the famous Verona Opera festival.
- Included meals: Breakfast, Dinner
Day 13
Lake Garda
Today we offer a full-day optional excursion to Italy's largest lake. See picturesque villages that line the shore, such as Sirmione with its impressive Scaligera Fortress and the bustling town of Riva del Garda.
- Included meals: Breakfast, Dinner
Day 14
To Belgium for an overnight stay.
- Included meals: Breakfast
Day 15
Return home.
- Included meals: Breakfast
At a Glance
Tour Includes
- 7 nights cruising on the Norwegian Star with full board
- 4 nights hotel on Lake Garda with half board
- 2 overnight stays in Belgium with continental breakfast
- 1 overnight stay in Austria with continental breakfast & 1 evening meal
- Convenient local joining points
- Travel by executive coach
Included Excursions & Visits
- Verona
Optional Excursions & Visits
- Optional excursions are available at each port of call, bookable onboard ship
- Lake Garda
A fixed gratuities charge of approximately £11.00 per person, per day will be added to your onboard account whilst on board ship.
|Stateroom Upgrades (per person)
|Oceanview Stateroom Cat. OB
|Balcony Stateroom Cat. BB
Norwegian Cruise Line is now premium All-Inclusive! All bookings made after 06/04/17 will now include alcoholic and soft beverages, speciality coffees in restaurants and mineral water in staterooms throughout the cruise in accordance with Norwegian's new premium product model. As a result, sell prices have been increased from those quoted in the brochure.
Single Room Supplement from £750.00 (15 days).
Frequently asked questions about our tours
You will cruise for seven nights on the Norwegian Star. Recently refurbished, the Norwegian Star is shining brighter than ever. With new dining choices like the popular , 24-hour O'Sheehan's Neighbourhood Bar & Grill, revamped menu in the complimentary Ginza Asian-fusion restaurant and two new watering holes - the 5 O'Clock Somewhere Bar and Mojito Sugarcane Bar, you'll be spoilt for choice.
From traditional fine dining to endless buffets with custom-order action stations, there is a host of delicious choices. Dine in Versailles Main Dining Room where each course is lovingly prepared and presented by our award-winning chefs, members of the world-famous gourmet society the Chaine des Rotisseurs.
The ship boasts excellent facilities in a relaxing and contemporary environment. There are duty-free shops, nightclubs, award-winning restaurants, relaxing bars, a grand casino, swimming pools, a pampering spa and so much more.
The ship boasts 1176 cabins in total. All cabins have T.V., telephone, mini-bar and air-conditioning.
In Austria and Lake Garda you will stay in 3-star hotels, which will have a restaurant and bar. In Belgium you will stay overnight in a city-style hotel.
Frequently asked questions about accommodation
If you prefer, then you can join the tour at the hotel. To do this, we will require a copy of your passport for identification purposes and you must advise us at the time of booking.
No reduction will be given if you should choose to do this.
We are unable to guarantee that the hotel will be able to meet your dietary requirements. We find that the majority of European countries do not generally cater for vegetarians and that the meal supplied may well be what everyone else is having minus the meat.
We will of course endeavour to arrange for a vegetarian meal at the hotel. We do however suggest that you advise us of your dietary requests at the time of booking and recommend that you speak to the receptionist on arrival with regard to your request.
Travel Information
- Travel Options
- Extra Services
Executive coach
Stay overnight near DoverFind out more
Why not go the night before your holiday for a relaxing start? You can park for FREE for up to nine days at the Holiday Inn Ashford North and enjoy an overnight stay with English breakfast from just £38 per person. This offer is subject to availability and based on two sharing a twin/double room on a B&B basis. We'll then collect you from the hotel on the day of departure and return you there at the end of your holiday.
To book this package, please call the hotel on 01233 713333, quoting 'Leger Holidays' and your booking reference. If your holiday is longer than nine days you can pay for additional days' parking. Ask one of our friendly reservations team for more details when you book your holiday.
Single supplements and terms and conditions apply.
Our Door-to-Door serviceFind out more
On Single Traveller holidays and coach holidays of 7 days' duration or more, you don't even have to think about getting to your local joining point. If you live within 20 miles of one of our free joining points we'll pick you up from your home and take you to meet your transfer vehicle, then return you back home at the end of your holiday. The cost is just £30 per booking each way for up to four people per booking.
If you live a little further afield, you can also take advantage of this convenient option for an additional charge – please enquire at the time of booking.
Join coach at InterchangeFind out more
On most holidays if you'd prefer to join your tour coach at Stop 24 services, you can park your car in the car park which is accredited by the Park Mark safer parking scheme and is monitored 24 hours a day by CCTV. Payment for the parking is made on arrival using the self-service machines.
Excludes holidays to Ireland and the U.K. and tours travelling via Brittany Ferries.
Looking for your local joining point? Enter your post code below
*Please note pickups are subject to availability.
Frequently asked questions about travel options
Front row seats can be reserved for £14pp (up to 6 days duration), £22pp (7 & 8 days duration) and £25pp (9 days duration and over) on all European tours. In addition to this seats on the second row can be reserved for £7pp (up to 6 days duration), £14pp (7 & 8 days duration) and £15pp (9 days duration and over). This offer is only available for bookings of two or four persons on the front row and is subject to availability. Guaranteed front/second row seats cannot be reserved on feeder journeys to/from the U.K. port. Children under 15 years cannot occupy a front row seat due to French Law.
Please note: On some coaches the legroom on front seats may be slightly less than that available on other seats due to the presence of a modesty board in front.
If your tour is cancelled for any reason and front/second row seats are not available on your new tour you will be refunded the supplement. No other compensation will be payable.
Alternatively, we can take seating requests on your booking. However, requests are not guaranteed. All seat numbers are confirmed on travel documents approximately 7-10 days prior to departure.
Transfer coaches are routed approximately 2-3 weeks before departure and will depend on where passengers are booked to travel from on any particular date as to which route is taken. If you require further detailed information regarding the route to the port you can contact our Customer Service Department on 01709 830333 two weeks before you are due to travel.
With regard to the route taken by the main tour coach, this is determined by the driver.
To book this tour, just give our friendly team a call on 01709 787 463 or book online at www.leger.co.uk


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BEST WESTERN PLUS Twin View Inn & Suites
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Swimming pool
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Continental Breakfast
- Business Services
- Fitness/Health center
- Wheelchair accessibility
Photos of BEST WESTERN PLUS Twin View Inn & Suites
Travelers also looked at:
- Swimming pool
- Fitness/Health center
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Wheelchair accessibility
- Free parking
- Continental Breakfast
- Business Services
TripAdvisor Reviews BEST WESTERN PLUS Twin View Inn & Suites Redding
Travel Blogs from Redding
The Ice Hotel
... sick.
As we left the visitors centre, Sue and Terry had kindly donated a couple of pieces of their pizzas from last night, complete with doggie box, which we devoured for our lunch when we found a suitable spot much later. To wash them down we had some water, which now tasted more like bath water, but possibly a smidge hotter; with a piece of fruit from breakfast this morning to top it all off.
Gosh, we know how to live.
Shasta in the clouds
... now, but my research says that, although it is a bit low from drought, it is lowered and raised as needed. The facility has a LOT of houseboats available for rental, and that sounds like fun to me.
We checked into our hotel in Redding after 5 PM and were given a huge suite, almost as big as my first house. Thank-you La Quinta. Beamer is really enjoying having his own digs. Tomorrow Lassen National Volcanic ...
Day 2 - Heat stroke anyone?
... Roger kitty. Most of us know it's not the greatest joy to scoop a litter box but we do it because we love our cats. Poor things had to deal with runny poop on the bed! We are really concerned about him and discussed turning around but there's nothing we can do more than the Germans already are. We are hoping it's just a parasite or something similar and not anything more serious.
Into California
Finally we cross the state line and enter California. We stop off to visit Lake Tahoe. Its ever so nice. Pristine emerald and blue water surrounded by pine trees. What a beautiful place.
These mountain roads are something else, with scenery that is just breathtaking. We dont get into Redding till after 7pm, and find this really nice RV park off the highway and out of town. Doesnt take long to set up the tent, while Gerry is already set up with her camper van.
Day 38: Where is the Fungus?
... at the bottom. Sounds neat, but again due to global warming, there wasn't much ice left to see. Apparently, 50 years ago it was feet thick in places.
While we were leaving one of the early caves, one gentlemen mentioned going in Merrill Cave – it was so cold inside that he thought his hand would freeze to the railings. E heard this and decided that she wanted to go to the Frozen cave. THEN she decided ...


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What happen to Wikipedia?
Wikipedia has been serving up this problem quite a bit for the past few weeks. My theory is that they are spending too much on the $470,000 compensation package for the Executive and Deputy Directo...
Read More »
What can happen if you sabotage wikipedia?
They wouldn't do anything, Gary. In fact they'd reward you with an adminship for being so "radical" and daring. Give it a try, you'll see. All seven of my adminships were as a result of sabotage in...
Read More »
What can happen if you put false information on wikipedia?
If it's obviously and ridiculously false, you can get some very stern and angry messages on your user talk page (or if you're not logged in, some poor bastard who uses the computer after you will r...
Read More »
What would happen if there was no more Wikipedia?
GEE! What a loss! I dont think I could live without that worthless crap! Their sometimes worthless, misleading and sometimes incorrect data? I doubt the world would miss them much
What would happen if someone deleted all the information on a Wikipedia page?
remember the rule, always save your work? wikis do just that. they re-post the content and block you. with a million adult editors the four year old doesn't stand a chance. not like this site.


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YA superstar Rainbow Rowell names her favorite fictional schools
None of these give homework, right?
None of these give homework, right?
"I want the beginning of the book to feel very familiar. I want you as the reader to go, 'Oh I know what's happening' -- so it's very interesting when I go in another direction."
We're talking Rowell's previous works, including 'Eleanor and Park,' and her new novel, 'Carry On.'


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The Moultrie Game Spy M-100 may look small, but this convenient camera packs all the features you want out on the trails. Get ready to experience advanced photo technology and superior image quality.
The Moultrie Game Spy M-100 comes equipped with new Illumi-Night sensor, an infrared technology that creates clearer, better quality videos and images. The Game Spy is also equipped with the Plot Stalker time-lapse mode to capture multiple images within seconds or minutes of each other.
The Moultrie Game Spy M-100 is a user-friendly product, equipped with a battery life calculator and password protection. The Game Spy M-100 includes USB cable, mounting strap, and Plot Stalker software CD. View and upload your 16:9 widescreen images or videos from the Moultrie Game Spy M-100 quickly and easily, thanks to the SD memory slot and USB. You can also use the 2 inch LCD viewing screen to take a sneak peak before you leave the plot.
Moultrie Game Spy M-100 Features:
Mack's Prairie Wings is not responsible for typographical errors in pricing or product specification inaccuracies in our web site. Prices are subject to change without notice.
Copyright © 2017 - Mack's Sport Shop LLLP - All rights reserved. Site Developed and Maintained by Ability Commerce
Copyright © 2004-2017 - Mack's Prairie Wings, Inc. - All rights reserved. Site Developed and Maintained by Ability Commerce


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Yaqinge Hotel
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
Travelers also looked at:
TripAdvisor Reviews Yaqinge Hotel Suzhou
Travel Blogs from Suzhou
... canal the longest man made canal in the world, (1900km), hand dug by millions of people through forced labour some 15 hundred years ago it stretches all the way to Beijing.
At the end of the boat trip we walked over one of the many narrow bridges and then a long walk through the congested vibrant market. Lots of fresh food, really fresh, still alive.
Nanshan Temple and Canal Trip
We went back to Casa Zoe's for breakfast after moving from the Kempinski Hotel back to the Gran Park Hotel for work tomorrow. We then went to visit the Nanshan Temple, and walked around a market area, a bit like Confucius Temple area in Nanjing with small shops and stalls.
We then took a lovely boat trip down the Grand Canal (which we have been on in Hangzhou also), stopping off at a hand-made brick museum. Another lovely day.
Mt Lingshan Scenic Area
... far more attractions than we imagined.
We came out and the taxi drivers started haggling over prices, but then I saw the No 88 bus which I knew went back to town so we hopped on that. We went to the Blue Frog for supper and saw Maumo and Hebe, the lovely manager, and then some of the teachers from Wuxi No 1 came in: Clive, Dennis and Arun so we had a few drinks and chatted to them. A really lovely day.
... phone so all and all it wasn't too bad.
By the time we got into Shanghai it was about 7pm but we still had to ride 40minutes on the subway back to our hostel, which was definitely not as good as the bullet train as we were all really tired and hungry. Safe to say when we finally stepped off the subway I was very happy to no be on a train anymore.
As it was Katrin and I's last night in Shanghai, we decided to go out for dinner despite all being ...
Oriental Venice (Suzhou)
Bruce invited us to Suzhou, we happily said yes. Excited at the thought of seeing any we places that we can in China. We had heard of Suzhou before but didn't know anything about the city. On Friday we finished school at 4pm and Bruce picked us up about an hour later. We were then on our way to Suzhou, but first a quick stop at the petrol station. Where we found out the price of petrol, a mere 7 yuan a litre which is equivalent to 70p. The journey took around 6 ...


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I never was a fan of big, creepy, abandoned warehouses that have no lighting. So, shuffling around one in ballet pumps (they were not my idea) with only a little torch and my gun was not really my idea of fun.
Yet here I am, wandering around in the dark on my own in a big box made out of rusty corrugated iron.
I'm having tons of fun.
Aidan is in here somewhere too, and so is Alex. Mickey called us the moment he lost the trail, telling us where he was headed for and that since he had been out in the sun, he'd be looking for somewhere shady and secure. Aidan swears blind he saw Alex come in this one, but I'm not convinced.
I guess that might be because I'm bitter about being made to wear ballet pumps. Not proper ballet shoes; I mean those pathetic girly ones that are hardly shoes and more like a bit of material covering your toes. Still, it keeps my footfall quiet - though I might as well have worn no shoes at all.
We're going in different directions, starting from the front on either side, working over to the back. The plan is to trap him in and corner him... at least, that's the plan. We might be able to at least keep him in the warehouse though, if not the building. Until Mickey and Connor get here.
I hope we get this over with quickly. I don't want to drag it out any longer than we have to. Though knowing Mickey, he'll wanna gloat first.
Or rant.
Or just generally speak when he shouldn't.
Walking slowly and taking care not to knock the forest of empty shelves around me makes every muscle in my body move with measured tension, though the adrenaline rush is only making me want to run like hell out of there.
After all, it's not the dark you should be afraid of; it's the things it's hiding.
And in here, it's quite possibly hiding an undead version of my friend. An undead version of my friend that has been out in the sun, burning himself hungry.
Yeah. I love my job.
I move around a corner, narrowly avoiding causing a domino effect with the shelving. I point my torch at the floor, focusing on not tripping on something as I go forward, but my thoughts are all wiped when my torch light falls on a pair of sock clad feet, frozen to the spot.
I flick the beam up, watching in horror as Alex turns his head, shying away from the light. He half opens one eye and looks at me for a long moment, his pupil like a pinprick of black in a sea of deep blue. Instinctively, I move the light off his face, forgetting just for a moment that he's not my friend anymore.
"Didn't know you were into warehouse lurking too," he quips, his voice dripping in bitter sarcasm. Well, I guess even death would never take his sharp tongue away. I don't say anything. Apparently we're both paralyzed. I can't make my hand move to the gun in its holster at my hip. I can't do it.
I might have been able to if he hadn't said anything, or caught me so off guard. He watches this for a moment, the internal conflict that I know is betrayed by the expression on my face, but I can't help it.
"Let me go, Joey," he mutters after a long, long moment, "all I want is to find the vampire who did this to me and make him pay. That's all I ask," I'm already shaking my head. I'm torn between my instincts as a hunter and my instincts as a friend. Gimme the straight jacket. "I'll even hand myself over when I'm done, if that's what you want!" he pleads, backing off half a step.
He stops though, when my hand goes to the gun. I pause again as he freezes, his eyes fixed firmly on the distance between my hand and my gun. His own hand flexes and I watch in horror as his knife slides into his hand. He doesn't look very happy, to say the least.
The blade glints in the torch light ominously and I can't help the surge of extra adrenaline that sets my heart racing. Everything is conflicting and I can't decide what to do. He's faster, stronger and let's face it, a whole lot more determined than I am. But my pride and my hunter instinct won't let me back down.
As a confused friend? I want to let him go.
Biting back the tears that threateningly sting the backs of my eyes, I shake my head and he moves forward raising the knife, his expression grim.


text: REDWOOD CITY, Calif., Aug. 1, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: ACRX), a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative therapies for the treatment of acute and breakthrough pain, today announced that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has recently issued AcelRx Patent Number 8,226,978 entitled "Small Volume Oral Transmucosal Dosage Forms Containing Sufentanil for Treatment of Pain," and Patent Number 8,231,900 entitled "Small-Volume Oral Transmucosal Dosage Forms." The '978 patent claims a dosage form for oral transmucosal administration of sufentanil and the '900 patent claims a small-volume solid tablet containing a single dose of sufentanil for oral mucosal administration to a subject. These newly issued patents will provide intellectual property protection for sufentanil NanoTab based products until at least January 5, 2027. AcelRx currently has more than 70 pending patent applications worldwide and continues to file additional new patent applications to further strengthen its market exclusivity. "The addition of these two new patents further strengthens our ability to protect our proprietary technology across our portfolio of sufentanil NanoTab products, including our lead product, ARX-01, the Sufentanil NanoTab PCA System," said Richard King, AcelRx's President and CEO. "We will continue to pursue expansion of our patent portfolio worldwide while also focusing on the execution of the ARX-01 Phase 3 clinical program, with data from two Phase 3 studies expected later this year." The 8,226,978 patent is the first composition of matter patent the USPTO has issued in relation to sufentanil NanoTabs. AcelRx exclusively owns this patent, which provides protection in the United States for each of AcelRx's four development programs. The '978 patent covers AcelRx's proprietary NanoTab technology for delivering sufentanil with claims to a bioadhesive dosage form for oral transmucosal administration to a subject, comprising from about 5 to about 100 micrograms of sufentanil and a volume of less than 30 microliters (or a mass of less than 30 milligrams), which generates a minimal saliva response and delivers at least 55% of the sufentanil through the transmucosal route resulting in consistent pharmacokinetics. The 8,231,900 patent also covers the composition of sufentanil NanoTabs with claims to a single dose of sufentanil provided as a substantially homogeneous, bioadhesive solid tablet for oral transmucosal administration to a subject, comprising from about 0.25 micrograms to 200 micrograms of sufentanil, a volume of less than 30 microliters, with complete erosion of the tablet evident after about 5, 10 or 15 minutes.


text:
Waveform will be available soon!
All rights reserved. No usage without prior licensing. Please be fair. Thank you!
A disturbing, percussion-only track. Use of feedback and clanking metal reminescent of the original Texas Chainsaw Massacre soundtrack or some of John Cage's work, but with the added element of dark, ethnic percussion. This fairly short track is great for a thriller, chiller, horror or dark mystery.
Heavy Industrial Metal at its best. Fat guitars, killer drums and horrible background sounds.
Sonic multitasking, no brutal massacre, but more subtle tension builded up with the grace of an aikido fighter
An agonizingly protracted pace and pounding hardcore riffs to create a subtle tension, refreshed by gentle piano hooks.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 6, 2005
|Filing date
|May 15, 2003
|Priority date
|May 15, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Joseph H. Schmidt, Manuel E. Gonzalez, John Lofton, James B. Bloys, Gregory P. Pepin
|Original Assignee
|Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (19), Classifications (18), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to methods and systems for drilling well bores in subterranean formations, and more particularly, to methods and systems which minimize the loss of circulating fluids during the drilling of well bores.
Fractures in a hydrocarbon producing formation are sometimes beneficial to enhanced hydrocarbon production. Often, a formation is intentionally fractured by high pressure fracturing fluids to increase the conductivity of a formation to allow fluids to more readily travel through the formation to a producing well bore. It is known that the cooler the temperature of fracturing fluids, the easier it is to break down a formation.
Thomas Perkins and Jay Gonzalez published a SPE paper (SPE 10080) in October 1981, entitled Changes in Earth Stresses Around a Wellbore Caused by Radially Symmetrical Pressure and Temperature Gradients, wherein they cited water flooding as an example of where a large volume of cooler liquid was injected into a higher temperature in situ reservoir. It was noted that cooling can have a large effect on lateral earth stresses. And in some conditions, vertical hydraulic fracturing pressures can be significantly reduced using the cooler fracturing fluids.
In other circumstances, it is undesirable to have excessive fracturing of formations, such as when drilling a well bore utilizing circulating fluids. Circulating fluids are also commonly referred to as "mud" due to their composition and appearance. Circulating fluids serve to (1) lubricate and cool drilling bits drilling a well bore in a formation; (2) flush cuttings from a well bore up to the surface of a well; and (3) provide a pressure head which counteracts and helps control the influx of fluids from formations surrounding a well bore.
Typically, this mud is mixed in circulating tanks adjacent to the drilling rig drilling a well bore. The constituents comprising the mud are adjusted as needed to meet a variety of drilling concerns. The mud is typically not heated. An exception occurs at cold weather drilling sites where mud must not be allowed to freeze. For economic reasons, only enough heat is added to prevent the mud from freezing.
A significant problem in drilling wells is maintaining a sufficient mud weight to maintain well control. Concurrently, the weight of the mud must be sufficiently low so that the pressure head applied by the mud does not appreciably create or enhance fractures in the formation being drilled. Such fractures can lead to large losses of circulating fluids into the formation. This problem is commonly referred to as a "lost returns" problem as the circulating fluids fail to return to the surface of a well. These "lost returns" problems are particularly acute in (1) deep water wells; (2) areas with high geothermal formation temperatures; (3) steam flood operations; and (4) drilling through naturally fractured formations.
The lost circulation fluids can result in much higher drilling costs. First, the circulating fluids often include expensive components such as synthetic oil, weighting agents, emulsifiers, surfactants, and polymers which must be replenished. Second, the cost of drilling is time related. For example, it can cost as much as $400,000 a day to use a drill ship to drill a deep water well. "Lost returns" problems increase the time necessary to drill a well because of well control issues.
Prior techniques to mitigate "lost returns" problems have included reducing the weight of the mud column. For example, dual gradient drilling may be used to decrease the pressure head on the formation being drilled.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,450,262 discusses methods for mitigating lost circulating problems including the use of dual gradient drilling.
There is a need for an improved method and system for controlling lost circulation returns when drilling well bores into subterranean formations. This is particularly true for highly fractured formations, formations at great depths, and when drilling deep water wells. The present invention addresses this need by providing a method and system for mitigating circulation return losses.
The present invention includes a method for minimizing circulating fluid losses during drilling of a well bore in a subterranean formation. The method comprises heating a circulating fluid to a temperature above that used in conventional drilling operations to produce a heated circulating fluid. The heated circulating fluid is placed in contact with a region of a well bore in the subterranean formation proximate to where drilling is to occur. Ideally, the temperature of the heated circulating fluid contacting the region is at least 20� F., more preferably 40� F. and most preferably at least 60� F. above the temperature of circulating fluids used in conventional drilling techniques wherein no special heating mechanism is used to heat circulating fluids for the express purpose of minimizing loss of circulating fluids. This region of the well bore is particularly susceptible to initiation or growth of fractures which fluidly communicate with the subterranean formation. Because this region of the well bore is maintained at a relatively higher temperature than if a non-heated circulating fluid were in contact with the region, the size of and the fluid loss through the fractures in the region is minimized.
This method is ideally used when drilling a deep water well from an offshore platform or structure. The heating mechanism may be mounted on the platform or may be located at a sub sea floor. Alternatively, the circulating fluid may be heated within the well bore. The heat may be frictionally created by passing the circulating fluid through an unconventional constriction formed in one or both of the drill string and the drill bit. For example, the drill string may include one or more constricted heating pipes which have a constricted cross-section which is smaller in cross-section than the adjacent segments of drill pipe forming the drill string. The circulation fluid is then frictionally heated when passing through the constricted drill pipe prior to contacting the region susceptible to fracturing.
The heating mechanism may also take the form of an exothermic reaction. For example, encapsulated nodules containing appropriate chemicals can be introduced into circulating fluids at the surface of a well. The nodules may then burst when passing through nozzles of a drill bit or other predetermined constrictions. A resulting exothermic reaction rapidly heats the circulating fluid achieving the end result of heating the circulating fluid prior to the circulating fluid contacting a fractured formation, or a formation susceptible to fracture initiation if the temperature of the formation drops sufficiently or else is subjected to sufficient hydraulic pressure. Consequently, fracture initiation and growth should be less than if a non-heated circulating fluid were employed, as is the case with conventional drilling techniques.
The present method is particularly useful where a deep well is to be drilled. Hydrostatic pressure heads are higher with deep wells than with shallow wells and there is an increased tendency for formations to fracture and lose circulating fluids. Consequently, using the heated circulating fluids of the present invention inhibits fracture initiation and growth thereby minimizing circulating fluid losses. With the use of the present heated mud drilling method, the opportunity is afforded to employ circulating fluids with greater densities to drill deep wells without unacceptable losses of circulating fluids.
The present invention is also well suited for use in drilling deep water offshore wells. Sea water tends to cool circulating fluids, particularly during the tripping in and out of the drill string and drill bits. In this instance, the circulating fluids are not circulating and are more susceptible to cooling when left stagnant adjacent cold water often found at a sea floor. By heating circulating fluids prior to the circulating fluids contacting fracture susceptible formations, fluid losses can be minimized as compared to contacting the formation with circulating fluids chilled by conduction from cold sea water. This may be accomplished by flushing chilled circulating fluids from a well bore prior to recommencing drilling and reestablishing circulating fluid contact with a region of the formation susceptible to fracture initiation and/or growth.
The present invention also includes a drilling system for drilling a well bore in a subterranean formation with minimal circulating fluid losses. The system may include a drilling mechanism, a circulating tank and pump, and a heating mechanism. The drilling mechanism includes a drill string and drill bit for drilling a well bore in a subterranean formation. The circulating tank and pump circulate circulating fluids down the drill string and drill bit and up the well bore during drilling of the well. The heating mechanism is preferably designed to heat circulating fluids such that the temperature of the circulating fluid discharged from the drill bit is elevated at least 20� F. above unheated circulating fluid without using the heating mechanism. The heated circulating fluid thereby minimizes fluid losses through fractures in the subterranean formation proximate to where the drill bit is used to drill the well bore as compared to a system which does not heat the circulating fluid. The drilling system may further include an offshore structure used to support the drilling mechanism upon a sea floor. The heating mechanism may include a heater mounted upon the offshore structure or may be located on a sea floor.
Alternatively, the heating mechanism may simply be one or more constrictions in a drill string and drill bit which induces significant frictional heating of the circulating fluids when the circulating fluid passes therethrough. The constrictions may be in the drill string or else in the drill bit, such as in the sizing of nozzles.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and system to mitigate "lost returns" of circulating fluids by minimizing fracture initiation and/or growth in a formation contacted by circulating fluids by adding heat to circulating fluids to enhance the relative temperature and compressive stresses of the formation contacted by the heated circulating fluid as compared to contact with unheated circulating fluids.
It is another object to allow deeper wells to be drilled for a given weight of circulating fluids by inhibiting fracture initiation or growth in a formation being drilled thereby enhancing the depths from which hydrocarbons can be extracted from subterranean formations.
It is yet another object to reduce the cost of drilling well bores by minimizing the loss of circulating fluids during drilling.
It is yet another object to reduce the cost of drilling well bores by reducing the number of casing strings.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, pending claims and accompanying drawings where:
While not wishing to be held to any particular theory, it is believed the following circumstances are often responsible for "lost returns" during the drilling of well bores. It is believed that lost return problems are aggravated when a well bore or borehole is cooled from its original state. This is particularly true in deepwater wells. For example, whenever a drill string is tripped out of and in to a well bore, the circulation of mud or circulating fluids is stopped. Consequently, the temperature of the circulating fluids contained within a riser and drill string near the sea floor may cool to approximately the sub sea temperature, which is generally less than 35� F. for a deep water well in excess of 2,000 feet deep.
When circulation is reestablished, the relatively hot formations being drilled will suddenly be exposed to the chilled circulating fluids. The temperature in the formation surrounding the well bore will drop due to the heat transfer from the formation to the much cooler circulating fluids. It is believed this will cause fractures to initiate and/or propagate from the well bore. The circulating fluids, being under a high hydrostatic pressure, may then escape into the fractures and be lost into the formation. Accordingly, more and more circulating fluids must be added to the well bore to maintain the desired control of the well bore.
It is for this reason that it is suspected that "lost returns" primarily occur, not during actual drilling, but during the initiation of circulation after tripping out and in the drill string. However, this problem is not limited to only deepwater wells. It occurs to different degrees in all wells in the oil industry.
The present invention mitigates the problem of "lost returns" by adding heat to circulating fluids contacting formations to be drilled thereby enhancing the temperature of the formation relative to using unheated circulating fluids. Because the formation is at an elevated relative temperature (in contrast to conventional drilling techniques where circulating fluids are not heated), the compressive state of the formation is believed to be enhanced which minimizes fracture initiation and growth. Furthermore, where the mud is at a temperature elevated above the surrounding formation, it is believed raising the temperature of the formation over its ambient temperature can be used to minimize or even close preexisting fractures in a formation to reduce fluid losses.
A Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope, illustrated by the straight line that obliquely intersects the vertical axis, separates stress states that result in stable well bores (below the Mohr-Coulomb failure line) and unstable well bores (above the Mohr-Coulomb failure line). The stress semicircle represents the state of stress at a point in the well bore surface that is perpendicular to the minimum in situ stress, i.e., the point of fracture initiation. The region to the right of the vertical axis represents tensile loading. The rock fails in tension forming a tensile fracture (Mode I fracture) when the combined stress semicircle is sufficiently on the tensile stress side of the vertical axis. This phenomena is represented in the figure by the region labeled lost returns. Tensile stress fractures are characterized by large leakoff. On the other hand, when the combined stress semicircle is above the Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope, the well bore fails in shear resulting in shear fractures which in general do not have the large fracture aperture of tensile fractures and do not present lost returns problems. Shear fractures can, however, result in well bore instabilities that are manifested in well bores that are out-of-gauge.
A pump 118 is used to circulate mud throughout system 100. Located on a sea floor 120 is a well head 122. A riser 124 extends from well head 122 up to drilling apparatus 112. Well bore 104 ideally is lined with a casing 126. A drill string 130 is suspended from and is rotatably driven by drilling apparatus 112. A drill bit 132 is used to drill well bore 104 in formation 106. Riser 124 and/or drill string 130 may be insulated to limit heat losses from the circulating fluid to the surrounding environment, i.e., the sea.
During drilling operations, mud from mud tank 114 is pumped through heat exchanger 116 prior to reaching drilling apparatus 112. The heated mud is then pumped down drill string 130 until reaching drill bit 132. The heated mud is expelled through openings or nozzles (not shown) in drill bit 132 to flush away cuttings from formation 106. The heated circulating fluid contacts region 108 when the drill bit 132 drills to the depth of 108 circulating up annulus 134 formed between drill string 130 and casing 126 and then drill string 130 and riser 124. The mud passes up casing 126, through wellhead 122, up riser 124 to drilling apparatus 112 and is returned to mud tank 114.
Ideally, the circulating fluid contacting fracture susceptible region 108 will have its temperature raised by at least 20� F., more preferably by at least 40� F., and most preferably by more than 60� F. relative to not adding heat to the circulating fluid using a heating mechanism, i.e., heat exchanger 116, in this embodiment of the invention.
Thus, region 108 in contact with the heated circulating fluid is maintained at a relatively higher temperature than if a non-heated circulating fluid were used. Region 108 is constrained or bound by the surrounding formation 106 such that the region is maintained in a relatively greater state of compressive stress than it would be at a lower temperature. The enhanced compressive state of this region inhibits the initiation and/or growth of fractures relative to what would be the case if a less compressive state were in existence.
Consequently, loss of circulating fluid through fractures in region 108 during drilling is minimized or mitigated as compared to what losses would be using a lower temperature circulating fluid.
The heated circulating fluid may be at a higher or lower temperature than region 108 of formation 106 in contact with the circulation fluid. However, by heating the circulating fluid to a higher temperature, the adjacent formation is still kept at a higher temperature and higher compressive stress state than if a non-heated circulating fluid were used. This will act to increase the formation breakdown pressure and mitigate the problems with "lost returns" of circulating fluids.
Of particular concern is the introduction of cool circulating fluids during tripping in and out of the drill string to replace broken or worn out drill bits 132 or to make other repairs or maintenance operations. During this process, circulating fluids are no longer circulated down the drill pipe 130 and returned up annulus 134 formed between drill pipe 130 and casing 126 and riser 124. Accordingly, the mud adjacent sea floor 120 may conductively cool to the temperature of the adjacent sea floor water or approximately 34� F. In contrast, the mud located in well bore 104 in contact with formation 106 will acquire heat from formation 106 and be at a significantly higher temperature than the mud residing above the sea floor and cooled by the sea water.
If circulation were started again as drilling recommenced, the slug of mud which resided within drill pipe 130 adjacent sea floor 120 would be relatively cold and would eventually reach the location where drilling is occurring. This "cold" slug of mud would significantly cool region 108 of formation 106 being drilled. Consequently, increased fracturing and fracture growth may occur at the bottom of well bore 104.
To overcome this potential problem, drill string 130 and drill bit 132 are run in until drill bit 132 is about 500 feet above the bottom of well bore 104. For the purposes of this illustration example, the depth of the sea is 5,000 feet and the depth of well bore 104 is 7,500 feet. Mud is heated by heat exchanger 116 and pumped by pump 118 down drill string 130 and out drill bit 132. As well bore 104 is closed ended, the cold slug of mud passes down through drill bit 132 and returns up the annulus without displacing the mud at the lower portion of well bore 104. Sufficient heated mud is circulated such that the cold slug of mud is eliminated from well bore 104. Subsequently, drill string 130 is lowered until drill bit 132 is in a position to drill again.
As a result, the cold slug of mud which would otherwise contact formation 106 in conventional drilling operations is avoided by circulating out the cold mud prior to recommencing drilling and further by introducing the heated mud. As the relative temperature of the formation being drilled is kept at an elevated temperature, relatively to not using heated mud, the initiation and growth of fracture is minimized. Consequently, the loss of mud through fractures into formation 106 is also limited.
Because fracture growth is inhibited by maintaining the region in contact with the circulating fluid at a higher relative temperature than when using conventional drilling techniques, the density or mud weight of circulating fluids used and/or the depth of a well bore being drilled may be increased by using the method and system of the present invention. Further, this enhancement in minimization of fluid loss during drilling can lead to well bores being drilled in less time and less expensively than using conventional drilling techniques and systems where the circulating fluid is not heated to minimize losses of circulating fluids.
In a third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
Mud contacting region 108 of formation 106 during the drilling operation is heated thereby allowing region 108 to be at a relatively elevated temperature as opposed to not using such a heat inducing constricted passageway. Fractures and circulation losses of mud will be minimized. The constrictions may decrease the area of flow by more than 50%, or even 100%, or even by as much as 150% to achieve the desired heating of the circulating fluid.
The above description of using a drill pipe with a constricted inner diameter to add heat to a circulating fluid is made by way of example and not limitation. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are innumerable other configurations which can be used which will induce a significant frictionally heating of the circulating fluid. For example, the size of nozzles 154 on drill bit 132 can be constricted to enhance frictionally heating when the circulating fluid is passed therethrough. Other examples might include using a choke (not shown) with a variable size throat to frictionally heat mud passing through the choke.
Commercially available computer modeling of constrictions in drill strings, for example, Landmark's Wellcat program, have been undertaken to estimate the temperature increase due to circulating fluids passing through constrictions.
A fourth embodiment of the present invention utilizes a heating mechanism which relies upon creating exothermic reactions to heat the circulating fluid. As an example, encapsulated nodules carrying a chemical mixture may be introduced into mud prior to the mud entering the drilling apparatus and drill string at the well surface. For example, encapsulated beads of certain acids and encapsulated bases, or certain salts that dissolve exothermically, may be introduced into drill pipe. The encapsulated beads are then burst upon passing through drill bit 132, as illustrated in FIG. 8. An exothermic reaction then occurs near the location of formation 106 being drilled thus enhancing the relative temperature of region 108 as compared to not heating the mud using this heating mechanism, i.e., creating an exothermic reaction.
Alternatively, a separate delivery conduit may be inserted into annulus 134 formed between the drill string 130 and riser 124 and casing 126 to selectively place exothermic reaction producing chemical agents adjacent to region 108 where fracturing and circulating fluid loss is a concern.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other means of heating the mud which is to contact the fracture sensitive region 108 are possible and are also within the scope of this invention. These means may include, by way of example and not limitation, electromagnetic energy, microwave energy, etc.
While in the foregoing specification this invention has been described in relation to certain preferred embodiments thereof, and many details have been set forth for purpose of illustration, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is susceptible to alteration and that certain other details described herein can vary considerably without departing from the basic principles of the invention.
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|Citing Patent
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|Dec 23, 2008
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|Mar 12, 2010
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|Mar 12, 2013
|Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company
|Method for controlling loss of drilling fluid
|Feb 4, 2013
|Mar 18, 2014
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|Aug 11, 2005
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
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|Aug 11, 2005
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|May 24, 2007
|Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
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|Oct 10, 2008
|May 28, 2009
|Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
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|Dec 17, 2009
|Apr 22, 2010
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|U.S. Classification
|175/17, 175/64, 166/300, 166/288, 175/72, 166/302
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 15, 2003
Owner name: CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SCHMIDT, JOSEPH H.;GONZALEZ, MANUEL E.;LOFTON, JOHN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014084/0401;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030513 TO 20030514
|Sep 30, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 19, 2013
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 6, 2013
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 29, 2013
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20130906


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Language is no barrier where enjoyment is a universal concept, writes Julia Carlisle.
I'm sitting on a coconut tree branch looking over the white sand and tropical blue waters. But what really makes me smile in this paradise is watching my two kids frolicking in the water with a couple of local kids from the island.
The Carnival Spirit has docked at Mare, one of New Caledonia's many tropical islands, and so we've left the ship's opulence and our well-maintained cabin for a day.
After a 20-minute mini-bus ride, we've been abandoned on this strip of paradise, and it's utterly magical.
My daughter and son look like little tourists slapped with sunscreen and wearing bright rashies, while the local kids have beautiful dark skin and big smiles.
It doesn't take long for new friendships to form and my kids introduce me to their new friends Rene and Victor. The fact my kids have French grandparents helps the all-important sandcastle building conversation.
But as the other kids from the ship join in the beach fun of collecting coconut shells to add to the castle, it's easy to see kids don't need to speak the same language.
Our day on Mare is one of the four days of our nine-day Carnival Spirit cruise that we can get off and explore New Caledonia.
We've already been to Isle de Pines, Lifou and the capital Noumea.
In New Caledonia, the indigenous people are known as the Kanaks. They are people very proud of their land and heritage and are happy to share it with the tourists.
On every island locals set up makeshift markets: buy hand-made products, wooden crafts, plenty of tasty food, or just unwind with a massage while lying on a palm-leaf mat (about $15 for 30 minutes).
It's the sort of tourism that feels environmentally sustainable. Thousands of tourists traipse around the pristine island, but only between about 8am and 4pm.
Hopefully, it's a way to avoid building hotel and bar strips but keep the tourism dollar coming.
As soon as we hop off the safety boats, the smell of a beach barbecue lures us in. My husband and I order a "brochette" (chicken on a skewer) and a cold "biere", sit back and soak up paradise while the meat cooks on the open flame.
The day is spent lying under a palm tree, with sporadic ventures into the tropical water to snorkel with the kids.
Being lost on Mare for a day is brilliant. We are truly sad to leave but Rene's dad has sold out of brochettes and beer, and the sandcastles have been flattened.
We return to our cruise ship and don't want to wash our towels, still carrying the wonderful smell of the barbecue smoke.
It's a day that won't be forgotten.
Getting there: Aircalin, New Caledonia' international carrier, has four departures a week, Noumea ex Auckland, with connections to Mare. Carnival Spirit cruises to the Pacific Islands throughout the year.
Further information: See newcaledonia.co.nz.
The writer was a guest of Carnival Cruise Lines.


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Another trial date was set for Shawn Smoot at last week's Criminal Court docket sounding.
Smoot, 42, is charged with first-degree murder in the death of Brooke Nicole Morris.
Her body was found at the intersection of Blair Road and Old Blair Road on Oct. 15, 2011. Police said she had been shot.
The case is scheduled for trial on March 24-26, 2015.
Smoot is on his fourth court-appointed attorney.
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Apprenticeships on offer in regional Queensland
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Published: 7 Aug 2015 9:04am
Potential recruits for Ergon Energy's next generation of power industry field and substation crews can now apply for an apprenticeship beginning early in 2016.
Chief Executive Ian McLeod said Ergon was adopting a new approach to recruiting apprentices by calling for expressions of interest across all of its depots in regional Queensland.
Mr McLeod said next year's intake would increase from this year's recruitment of 61 apprentices.
"Our apprenticeships are mostly offered to local people so they can develop their skills while remaining in the community with their family and friends," he said.
"We think calling for expressions of interest across the state, rather than for specific depots, will give us a great insight into what talent is out there, and where it is, and this could be useful in shaping our final intake decisions for 2016 and beyond."
Mr McLeod said the apprenticeships were a great opportunity for people of all ages and backgrounds to learn an in-demand trade.
"The apprenticeships we offer each year reflect the changing needs of our workforce, and we have a strong focus on diversity and being representative of the communities we serve," he said.
"Each year we employ a mix of school-leavers, mature age applicants, people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent and we have a strong focus on female candidates.
"We will meet our diversity targets this year by appointing the best candidates for any depot where a position is available, rather than by reserving specific positions at designated depots."
Apprenticeships are available in a range of trades – communications technician, distribution linesperson, transmission linesperson, mechanical fitter and electrotechnology electrician.
Several apprenticeships will be offered in conjunction with Diploma or Associate Degree courses to ensure the apprentices complete their training with the skills required for the future.
Mr McLeod said Ergon Energy traditionally received in excess of 2000 applications for its annual apprenticeship intake.
"The strong interest in our apprenticeships is testament to the strength of our program and also to the reputation of the company as a preferred place to train and work in regional Queensland," he said.
Mr McLeod said another advantage of the new approach was that it would streamline the process from application to selection and successful candidates being offered a position by November.
Expressions of interest close on August 16. For more information, visit ergon.com.au, contact the Ergon Energy Careers Team on 1800 656 810 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Media Contact: Rod Rehbein
Phone: 4153 9813 or 0407 031 072


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TTR Ireland Focuses On the Retail Market With SATO Labelling Solutions
Limerick, Ireland – TTR Ireland, one of Irelands leading suppliers of thermal transfer printing products and bar code printers, is now perfectly positioned to provide the retail and fast-food sector
"While our roots are in supplying the manufacturing and distribution sectors with thermal transfer products, we have also successfully been able to establish TTR in industries such as healthcare, pharmaceuticals, transport and logistics", says Kevin Fitzpatrick, Sales Manager at TTR. "Building on our experience of nearly 15 years in a wide variety of markets we are excited about the opportunity we have today - to be able to offer a truly innovative and powerful solution to the retail and fast-food sector." To demonstrate the company's commitment to this new direction a new sales position has been created at TTR. John Browne has been appointed to explicitly focus on the retail market and the TH2 series and in this role will be reporting to Kevin Fitzpatrick.
SATO's TH2 label printer offers portable, standalone, intelligent printing and introduces the concept of Application Enabled Printing (AEP). A sophisticated and customisable AEP label printing solution, which provides users with the ability to easily download and create tailor-made applications, the TH2 is able to help businesses in the retail and food industries improve the efficiency of their label printing processes and facilitate time and cost savings.
Lightweight and portable the TH2 is suited to the retail environment particularly due to its powerful price markdown functionality. Many retail outlets currently handle price markdowns using pre-printed labels. This inflexible approach results in, at best, non-uniform price reduction information being communicated to customers and, at worst, loss of profits as staff struggle to make percentage calculations or implement markdowns accurately.
Using the user-defined database, which can easily be downloaded to the unit's SD card or accessed via the LAN (Local Area Network), price calculation responsibilities are removed from the staff on the shop floor while they are still able to implement a sale at short notice to clear end of line or perishable products or to improve inventory flow. Integrating with any handheld scanner the TH2 can print WAS and NOW prices with percentage discount information set automatically onto a tag or label.
Designed with versatility in mind the TH2 is powered by a rechargeable lithium-ion battery that allows between 4000 and 5000 labels to be printed from a single charge. The TH2 features an in-built keypad, so there's no need for a PC in close proximity. It has an anti-microbial casing to prevent bacterial cross contamination and has a wide, adjustable LCD screen display which offers mobile phone type, intuitive operation.
With SATO always aware of price sensitivity users will be impressed that despite its market-leading technical specification the TH2 stands alone and there are no other products in its price bracket which offer such innovative features and benefits.
The TH2 has a carrying handle as standard and a range of accessories is available such as a keypad cover, SD card, a hanging wall mount and a label cutter.
For more information on TTR Ireland visit: http://www.ttrireland.com.
For more information on SATO visit: http://www.satoeurope.com/
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SATO is a pioneer and leading global provider of integrated Automatic Identification and Data Collection solutions that leverage barcode and RFID technologies. SATO manufactures innovative, reliable auto-identification systems and offers complete solutions to businesses by integrating hardware, software, media supplies and maintenance services. Customers rely on SATO for accuracy, labour and resource savings helping to preserve the environment.
Founded in 1940, SATO is publicly listed on the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange in Japan. It has sales and support offices in over 20 countries and is represented globally through a world-class network of partners. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2011, it reported revenues of JPY 78,368 million (US$ 914 million). More information about SATO can be found at www.sato.co.jp/
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Our Director, Polly Trout, is available to work with religious organizations and community groups to help them design and compassionate action projects in the community.
We partner with Chobo-Ji, Seattle's Rinzai Zen Temple, in their 100 Meals Project, cooking healthy and protein rich vegetarian meals and distributing them to our houseless neighbors.
We are a partner organization with the fabulous Hillman City Collaboratory. Hillman City Collaboratory has drop in hours for houseless neighbors and others in need of a safe, loving place to be every Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday 9 a.m. to noon; we are looking for volunteers to provide compassionate presence during those drop in hours.
More information on how we are currently providing services to our houseless neighbors can be found here, and a summary of our proposed pilot program for compassionate encampments can be found here.
We support other groups that promote Compassionate Action and Engaged Buddhism, and need volunteers interested in movement building, community organizing, and grassroots education. We are inspired by Buddhist Peace Fellowship, Buddhist Global Relief, Zen Peacemakers, The International Network of Engaged Buddhists, and many more extraordinary groups around the world working to live the Dharma by extending kindness and compassion to all beings.
Right now, our efforts are focused on food justice and ending homelessness. As we grow, we want to add additional projects in these areas: early childhood education, elder care, and supportive services for immigrant and refugee communities.


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Samsung Galaxy S7 vs Samsung Galaxy S6: Should you be getting ready to upgrade?
The Samsung Galaxy S7 is without doubt the biggest smartphone launch of the year so far. LG might have something to say about that, but we're not expecting the G5 until April.
If you're already a proud owner of the Galaxy S6, should be getting your wallet out in anticipation of an upgrade?
Samsung arguably created its first truly beautiful, premium design phone last year, and it looks to have done the same with the follow up. But what's changed? That's the question we're going to answer here.
Read also: iPhone 7: What you need to know
Watch our Samsung Galaxy S7 review video
Samsung Galaxy S7 vs S6: A similar design, but we're ok with that
After years of plastic, creaky and just rather ugly phones, the Galaxy S6 changed everything for Samsung. It was slick, metal and matched the iPhone for sheer high-end feel.
With the S6 being such a design departure for Samsung, it never looked like like the Korean company would be trying anything similar this time around. Apple keeps the same phone look for two years, so there's no reason why Samsung couldn't do the same thing again.
On the surface, the Samsung Galaxy S7 looks almost identical to the S6 but there are a few key differences.
The SIM-tray too has repositioned to the top and the home button has ever so slightly been squared off.
Flip it over and there's another big change, the camera hump no longer sticks out. It's now flush with the glass, which is a godsend if you're a fan of knocking out an email with your phone on the desk.
If we were being really critical, we would say that in a perfect world Samsung would have ditched the glass back for something less delicate. But that's picking at straws, the S7 is a beautifully designed phone.
Samsung has also managed to reintroduce waterproofing to the series. The S7 can be submerged in 1m of water for 30 minutes, and there's no pesky seals taking away from the slick design.
Related: S7 vs S7 Edge: Galaxy phone face-off
Samsung Galaxy S7 vs S6: Samsung is going back to Qualcomm, but not in the UK
After relying on Qualcomm and its hugely popular Snapdragon range of processors for the previous iterations of the Galaxy series, Samsung switched things up last year ditching the overheating 810 chip and using its own house-built Exynos processors.
This turned out to be a great, and very smart, move. The Snapdragon 810 seemed to hinder competing phones like HTC's One M9, while the S6 soared through benchmarks and has performed admirably for us all year.
As most rumours suggested though, Samsung will be going back to Qualcomm for the S7, but not in the UK.
It'll use the Snapdragon 820 in America and the Exynos 8890 in other regions, but with a few modifications including the addition of a liquid cooling heat pipe. Samsung were a little cagey on exactly how this works, but it should essentially keep everything cool when you're gaming.
The processor is paired with 4GB RAM, that's a 1GB increase upon last year and the same as both the Note 5 and S6 Edge.
There's a huge improvement in benchmarked performance and a small jump in day to day use. But, the S6 is still a fast phone so the upgrades here are probably worth the change alone.
Samsung Galaxy S7 vs S6: The screens are pretty much the same
The Samsung Galaxy S6 and S6 Edge originally came in just one size, a 5.1-inch version. That was later joined by a larger Edge variant, the S6 Edge .
Samsung is sticking with the 5.1-inch quad-HD Super AMOLED display this time around, which is nothing to complain about.
The viewing angles are fantastic, colours bright without being oversaturated and it's just a joy to look at. It's easily one of the best smartphone screens around.
Related: iPhone 6S Plus vs S7 Edge
One new feature to appear this year is an always-on screen, so you can whip the phone out of your pocket and scan the time and if you've got any notifications without turning the whole display on.
Samsung Galaxy S7 vs S6: Thankfully, there's a bigger battery
Last year's Galaxy S6 was a great phone, but it was let down by poor battery life.
The non-removable 2,550 mAh battery was a big drop on the 2,800 mAh cell that sat inside the S5, and that was removable so you could always keep a spare around.
Thankfully this year will see a battery life boost. Samsung has upped the battery spec to 3,000 mAh, and it'll get you through the day.
Wireless charging is supported, and it's slightly faster than before, and there's adaptive fast charging too if you use the right cable and plug.
Related: iPhone 6S vs S7
Samsung Galaxy S7 vs S6: A lot has changed in the camera department
The biggest news in the camera department is that it has actually seen a megapixel drop, going from 16MP in the S6 to 12MP. Now, don't get angry just yet – this isn't necessarily a bad thing.
Remember, the iPhone 6S – one of the best performing smartphone cameras around – also has a 12MP camera.
Samsung has completely rebuilt the sensor, making it much smaller yet without sacrificing any of the functionality. It says shots should be 95% brighter and the low-light autofocus has been dramatically improved. On the front there's the same 5MP camera.
Just like we mentioned in the performance section, the Galaxy S7 doesn't make a huge improvement to the overall picture quality of the S6. Daylight pictures still look gorgeous, but low-light is better and auto-focus is much faster.
Samsung Galaxy S7 vs S6: Pricing is a little cheaper this time
Back when the Galaxy S6 launched, Samsung's newfound design chops came at a cost. Prices started from £599 for the entry-level 32GB model.
This time around, Samsung has shaved off £30. The one and only 32GB model of the Galaxy S7 costs £569.
Get Deal Now: Samsung S7 (32GB) just £23/month with 2GB Data
It's still expensive, then, but at least it's not quite as bad as before. Of course, you can currently pick a 32GB Samsung Galaxy S6 up through Samsung's official website for £379, and it remains one of the best smartphones on the market. If you don't demand the very latest tech, it's a good buy.
It's true, we're mightily excited by the Samsung Galaxy S7. Even though it almost mimics an Apple 'S' release with minimal changes, there are enough new additions to make it a worthwhile update.
Adding back in the microSD slot is important, while making it waterproof is a nifty addition. Jacking up the size of the battery should also be key in making this an even better phone than the S6.
Then when you factor in the, hopefully, improved camera, speedier processor and cool always on display, you've got yourself a pretty impressive upgrade.
Thanks to Carphone Warehouse for loaning us a Galaxy S6 for use in this article


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hans-jurgen bopp had een nieuw logo ontwerp nodig en lanceerde daarom een wedstrijd op 99designs.
Een winnaar werd gekozen uit452 ontwerpen ingezonden door78 freelance designers.
design from scratch a logo for a new company in a very old fashioned environment. you are totally free in the design, therefor it's a competition.
aionio inc.
design a modern or vintage locking logo for probably one of the oldest industries, funeral
we will be a high end manufacturer of urns (new business).
we need a logo, contest for basic business papers and cards will follow.
the most important is that the design will works also black and white because the logo will be casted or stamped in metal
please do us a favor, don't use symbols like doves, clouds etc. except you belive you did the design of the century.
- as we said before you are totally free, if possible no yellow.
- see description
- if you need any additional information just email to: firstname.lastname@example.com


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
InterBill LtdBroad Street, Canada, Regina Saskatchewan S4R 8G9 Canada Regina, Saskatchewan Canada
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text:
Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
Adolphus Hotel opened October 5, 1913. Hotel Lawrence opened in 1925. I want to use the 1920-1930 era with fictitious characters but based on legends of events that occurred in these hotels. I hope to name both hotels in the novel as settings for the story.
Simply naming the hotel in a story is permissible as "nominative fair use" but look this up (search nominative fair use and trademark infringement) to insure you understand the principle and your intended use is well within the bounds of the allowance.
Specifically, do not use either hotel's name in the title without permission as this really stretches the nominative principle and gets into possible trademark infringement issues.
Finally, prior to any book being published, you should always have an attorney review the content to insure there are no other possible legal problems which many people do not even consider.
Good luck
My disclaimer is simply that Avvo already has an adequate disclaimer.Ask a similar question
You may also want to include a disclaimer at the front of the book that there is no affiliation with either of the hotels. You can use the name of hotels, etc., to identify a place, but you cannot do so in such a manner that people would assume that there is an affiliation.
This is not legal advice. Even if it were, fee legal advice is worth what you pay for it. The facts of every case are different and should be addressed by a competent attorney who has all of the facts.Ask a similar question
Post a free question on our public forum.Ask a Question
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It Starts Tonight
Tyler walked out through the hole and looked around. It was dark out, and the street was dimly lit. Scanning the street in both directions, he could see nobody, so he decided to have a look around while he waited. He walked along the side road-there were no sidewalks- until he reached an intersection. Judging by a signpost, he concluded that the street he was on was called Marleaux. The street it crossed with was also dark, and it appeared that many of the buildings were boarded up.
As he made his way back toward the building with the hole, Tyler began to hear the sound of laughter coming from the opposite direction. Straining his eyes to make out their form in the dark, he could see the silhouettes of two men walking down the middle of the road. They were both staggering, and from their loud talking and laughter Tyler concluded that both men were drunk. He slowed his pace just a little bit, so that he would reach the hole at the same time as the men.
Just as the two men were going to pass him, Tyler stopped in his tracks. "Uh, excuse me!" The men stopped, looking at him somewhat suspiciously. "I'm not from around here," Tyler started, looking from one man to the other and slowly angling his body toward the hole in the wall, "and I'm trying to find my way to my friend's house."
The two men, as Tyler could now see, were both ruddy with alcohol, and he could smell the cheap liquor on their breath and clothes. They still had a suspicious look on their faces, as if they had not heard a word that Tyler had said.
Tyler stepped closer to the men to explain more clearly his situation, but the men took two steps back, looking afraid. What is with these two? He thought to himself. He stepped forward again, and once again the men shuffled backwards. They were almost in the hole at this point. That was when Tyler looked down and realized that he had forgotten to cover up the pistol holstered on his belt.
Tyler gave a little chuckle, smiling at the two men and raising his hands up in the universal sign for peace. "Oh don't worry, that's just for protection, I wont-" His sentence was interrupted by a pair of hands grabbing one of the two men by the shoulders and pulling him down to the ground in the hole. Tyler heard a short struggle, a muffled yell and a thud, followed by silence.
The second man saw what happened, and had turned to run. Tyler caught up to him quickly and grabbed the back of his collar, his handgun pressed to the man's neck. The man screamed, and Tyler pulled him down to his knees. The man was pleading with him, but Tyler was deaf to his words, fueled by the rush of adrenaline from having another man's life in his hands.
The man continued to plead, kneeling in the middle of the street with Tyler behind him. This is my life now, Tyler thought to himself, this is it. He pulled the trigger.


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... two sessions
You are a god.
this makes me want to take my kayak out and explore those glassy waters!
Beautiful light! Amazing artistry!
If ever I could do a background as amazingly as you could. Truly a work of art.
fcbdshambcds I almost fell into the water through my screen when i went full size O_O
It's so goddamned beautiful
It's so goddamned beautiful
The use of lighting in this is fantastic! Absolutely beautiful work
You have extraordinary God-given talent.
Absolutely gorgeous!
Its so dumb that you cannot vote pictures up anymore. =_=
Light through the storm, love it.
So beautiful!
Love this.
Calm and relaxing, excellent blend of colors and shadows.
...I thought this was real...
Holy cow! You seriously DO have a gift! I love how the water reflects the rays of sun, and how you coloured the clouds around the sun, and light on the tree's leaves, EVERYTHING! This is awesome!
Very beautiful!
You truly are an inspiration to me. I cannot do landscapes very well, but all the pieces in your wonderful gallery have encouraged me to practice more to create beautiful backgrounds like you have.
amazing work.
Love the way you played with the light!
Wonderful lighting in this!
buen trabajo!
I absolutely love it!
whoa.. it seemed you have not missed a single leaf when it comes to detailing.. may i know how you paint those trees?
This is so far beyond beautiful, I'm not even sure there's a word for it.. Just.. wow...
I don't know how you do what you do; this would have taken me far longer than two sessions. This is so beautiful~ My favorite part is probably all the area between the sun and its reflection.
amazing work. the lighting here is great
'o'!! beautiful!!
this is absolutely wonderful.
so majestic
this is absolutely wonderful.
so majestic
Wow awesome!
Keep Painting!
Keep Painting!
the dark atmosphere in the horizon brings me so many memories...
the dark atmosphere in the horizon brings me so many memories...
Cool shot, at first I thought it was a photo.
Amazing mate!
damn dude, you rock
Fantastic scene !
Great Fel-x! Great imagination and so talented.
I love the water!
I love the water!
Absolutely fantastic mate, it could almost be real
The colors, the lighting, details.. just WOW! amazing work!
This reminds me of a painting I see at some relative's place that always grabs my attention...the scenery in that is tropical but the dramatic lighting and shadows highlighting some parts of the landscape were always nice to look at. A brief moment of sunshine on a bad day


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MP Vyapam GNTST PNST Result 2016 available shortly at www.vyapam.nic.in. Check Madhya Pradesh vyapam nursing exam cutoff marks & merit list exam held on 19th June 2016.
Good news friends Madhya Pradesh Vyapam is organized written exam and lunched pdf of download MP GNTST PNST answer key 2016. Dept notified as Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board is held exam as nursing entrance exam named like GNTST and PNST. Large scale board equipment of MP State is vyapam which is announced answer key recently. And now MPPEB is preparing for disclose result for MP PNST – GNTST Exam 2016. Candidates are here informed they may have wait for MP Nursing Entrance Exam cutoff marks available here in the below of this article.
UPDATE (3 September 2016)- MP GNTST PNST 1st Counselling 2016 is released. Students are be alert to get update here for MP Vyapam GNTST & PNST 2nd Counselling 2016 with merit list on remains seat. Be tuned with us for next update.
MP Vyapam GNTST PNST Result 2016
Let's take a view abouth MPPEB – it is stand for Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board. Aspirants are always related to this board if they have mean about study in Madhya Pradesh State. It is set up in 1981 and established in Bohpal, the capital of MP, India. Every time it is manage written exam on paper based solution exams. This time it is scheduled previously MP (GNTST – General Nursing Training Selection Test) and Pre nursing test on 19.6.2016. Students are also affiliated in this entrance exam as they are eligible. MP GNTST PNST Result 2016 is firstly lunched on www.vyapam.nic.in.
MP GNTST PNST Answer key 2016 (Released on 1 July)
MP Vyapam Nursing Cut off Marks Merit list
Students has been attempted MP Vyapam GNTS & PNST Exam 2016 on 19th June. The are solved questions put up from various subject and topics as Chemistry, English, Physics, Botany & Zoology. The whole exam paper have maximum 150 marks. Now time to see what your score in MP GNTST PNST exam. Department is ready to give facility to student print their MP GNTST PNST Score Card 2016 Rank Card. Rank card is necessary to decide MP GNTST PNST counselling 2016 with important date, institutes total seats as available, students strength.
vyapam.nic.in gntst pnst result date
Department: MPPEB
Exam Name: GNTST / PNST
Exam Type: Nursing Entrance Exam
Exam Day, Date: 19-6-2016
Answer key: Available
Result: come soon
Official web: http://vyapam.nic.in
Steps to check MP GNTST PNST Result 2016
- Candidates should have to take a tour of official web portal
- Select result of gntst pnst nursing entrance exam 2016
- Enter your exam roll no. / dob and any other as required
- Press submit button and generate result
Access MP GNTST PNST Result 2016 Link (Available Shortly)
MP GNTST PNST Counselling 2016: You may have be connected with us for next update regarding MP GNTST PNST counselling important date / schedule, allotment round selection list with minimum cutoff. We will recommend to you all here that our team provide direct link to check MP Vyapam GNTST PNST Result 2016 after announced be office. So be tuned with us by pressing Ctrl+D for bookmarks.


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Blood of the Throne
The city was consumed by silence. No one in the crowd made even the slightest noise or movement as the guards chained the gaunt, shadow of a man, a stranger to them all, to the large pole that had been set up for the occasion and others like it in the middle of the city square. Even the man himself seemed too defeated to make a sound of complaint or out of pain. He just stood chained to the pole, head hung against his bruised chest as he waited for his fate. Derek looked up at the man from his place in the crowd. It angered him that he couldn't do anything, that he and everyone else was powerless from saving the man from what they all knew was to come.
King Serebus came out onto the balcony and looked down on the condemned man, his narrow, sharp angled face showing no emotion, his eyes like dark, fathomless pits, cruel and unforgiving. Derek looked at the man who was his people's king with burning hatred as he remembered the circumstances that made him the ruler. Serebus turned his gaze from the man to address the crowd.
"The man you see before you has been convicted of using magic against the court and our kingdom," He said. " All who live here know that treason and use of magic beyond the walls of the court is against the law and so is punishable by death." A hollow, cracked laugh emitted from the man, who was now looking at the king, twisted humor in his eyes.
"If magic is a death penalty, then you should be down here with me my lord," He said, he same humor in his eyes seeping into his voice.
"As the king of Syrillia, I am, by the laws of the land, obligated to be the sole barer of the magic to protect the kingdom and it's people," Serebus replied icily. The man laughed louder, the sound echoing off the walls, cutting through the crowds silence.
"Protecting the kingdom? The stories that I had heard about Syrillia as a young boy, this was a place filled with life and laughter! That the very lands themselves pulsed with magic! But all I have seen is a sad shadow, that the land is dying, along with it's people," The man spat. " And yet you sit on your throne as if these are your kingdoms most glorious days, taking over peaceful kingdoms that had no quarrel with you other than they weren't under your power."
" I have heard enough of your insane ramblings!" Serebus roared. "Let this man's death be reminder to all that the laws of this kingdom cannot be defied and no one can escape punishment." Serebus raised his hand and a fire started to rise at the man's feet.
"Your past will come back to haunt you Serebus!" The man cried over the flames. "The true heir will return to claim their throne and restore the land's magic!" The flames then consumed the man whole, burning him until he was nothing but a pile of ashes. Serebus let the echo of the man's screams die in the city's silence before he spoke.
" Make no mistake, what that man said was nothing but a dying man's last attempt to undermine our ways. Rest assured that my son and I are the only ones left of the royal line. In two months time we will be remembering the sad occasion that made this so, but for now, we shall celebrate our victories and the fact that Syrillia still stands tall." No one applauded or cheered and Serebus didn't expect them to. Once he was finished, the king retreated back into the castle, swarmed by his advisors. Everyone began to move, quiet mutterings between neighbors and friends stirring the quiet.
Derek stayed where he stood, looking at the pile of ash that was once a man. The man who was unfortunate enough to have been born with the second sight and was discovered using it. The true heir will take the throne.... Serebus believed that he was the only line left of the royal family, as did all the other humans in Syrillia. Derek knew otherwise. He made sure that one of the heirs of the former king survived the attack on the family fourteen years ago. He only hoped that the time to bring them back to their home was soon, and that they weren't harmed before that time.


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World Hepatitis Day: 28th July
This Sunday marks World Hepatitis Day.
Poster courtesy of worldhepatitisalliance.org
What is World Hepatitis Day?
In 2010, the World Health Assembly decided that July 28 should be designated as World Hepatitis Day. This day provides an opportunity for a greater understanding of Hepatitis as a global issue and to look at further preventative measures.
28 July was chosen for World Hepatitis Day in honour of the birthday of Nobel Laureate Professor Baruch Samuel Blumberg, discoverer of the hepatitis B virus.
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a viral infection. There are five main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D, and E. These present the greatest concern due to the burden of illness and death and the potential for epidemics.
However, Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E are most closely linked to lack of safe drinking water and poor sanitation. Out of these two, Hepatitis A poses more of a serious risk to people's health.
LIFESAVER has already looked at Hepatitis A, but given that its World Hepatitis Day this Sunday I thought I could provide you with a few more facts about the virus.
What is Hepatitis A?
The hepatitis A virus is transmitted by the faecal-oral route. This can be through ingestion of contaminated food and water, or through direct contact with an infectious person. Hepatitis E is also transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or food.
Effects of Hepatitis A
Every year there are an estimated 1.4 million cases of Hepatitis A worldwide.[1] The infection is rarely fatal like Hepatitis B and C but it can cause debilitating symptoms.
Epidemics can be quick to grow and can have significant economic impacts on communities as people recovering from the virus can take months to return to work or school.
In developing countries with poor sanitary conditions and hygienic practices, about 90% of children have been infected with the Hepatitis A virus before they reach the age of 10.[2] However, they rarely become re-infected in adulthood as they develop immunity.
Image courtesy of frontiersoftravel.com
Photo courtesy of nation.com.pk
The most common preventative measures used to combat Hepatitis A are:
- Improved sanitation – proper disposal of sewage, regular hand-washing with safe water
- Immunisation – there are several vaccinations available worldwide
- Sufficient supplies of safe drinking water
- Vaccines for Hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been developed but are not widely available.
How can LIFESAVER help?
LIFESAVER can provide communities, relief camps and families with the technology to provide themselves with clean, sterile drinking water for drinking, cooking and cleaning purposes.
This will reduce the effectiveness of the transmission of Hepatitis A and E via the faecal-oral route as well as improving WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) standards.
<http://www.worldhepatitisalliance.org/en/home.html> [Accessed 24 April 2013]
LIFESAVER blog, 2013. What do you know about Hepatitis A. [online] Available at: <http://www.lifesaversystems.com/_blog/LIFESAVER_Blog/post/What_do_you_know_about_Hepatitus_A/ > [Accessed 24 July 2013].
WHO, 2013. Hepatitis A Fact Sheet N°328. [online] Available at: <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/index.html> [Accessed 24 April 2013].
WHO, 2013. Hepatitis: frequently asked questions. [online] Available at: <http://www.who.int/csr/disease/hepatitis/world_hepatitis_day/question_answer/en/> [Accessed 24 April 2013].
[1] WHO, 2013. Hepatitis A Fact Sheet N°328. [online] Available at: <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/index.html> [Accessed 24 April 2013].
[2] WHO, 2013. Hepatitis A Fact Sheet N°328.


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Mumbai, May 25 (UNI) General secretary of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Gopinath Munde today said results of the Karnataka elections prove that people have rejected the Congress rule due to inflation, unemployment and reduction in national security.
Bypolls for the Thane Lok Sabha constituency of Maharashtra, which has been won by Shiv Sena, also shows that people were fed up with the Congress rule and wanted a change, a statement issued by Mr Munde here said.
''Shiv Sena has won the bypolls, inspite of the campaigning done by leaders and ministers of the Congress-NCP combine in Thane, which denotes the mindset of the voters,'' Mr Munde said.
"The victory spell of BJP has started and will end with the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) forming the Union government with L K Advani becoming the Prime Minister of India and simultaneously the Shiv Sena-BJP combine coming to power in Maharashtra," the release added.