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|"Gary Gregory" <ggreg...@seagullsoftware.com>
|RE: [lang] text.Interpolation, on to 2.2
|Sat, 09 Jul 2005 19:04:27 GMT
I would like us to reconsider the use of the VariableResolver interface for VariableFormatter. It seems that this is a cleaner design that does not force subclassing or composition as the sole mean of feature extension. Considering the complexity of the StrTokenizer class, I do not think that the earlier concern that VariableFormatter+VariableResolver as too framework-like is really valid. The interface VariableResolver could be made to live in the VariableFormatter class we *really* think we need to "hide" this feature. If Oliver is up for it and the list does not say "no, no, because...", I'd like to see a patch to the CVS code that makes VariableFormatter use a VariableResolver with an canned implementation for Maps. Gary > -----Original Message----- > From: Oliver Heger [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] > Sent: Saturday, July 09, 2005 2:38 AM > To: Jakarta Commons Developers List > Subject: Re: [lang] text.Interpolation, on to 2.2 > > Some comments inline... > > Stephen Colebourne wrote: > > > Gary Gregory wrote: > > > >>> The source of values for the VariableFormat class is only allowed to > be > >>> a Map. I'm not sure if people will want other types of data sources. > >> > >> > >>> Yes the resolveVariable method does allow customisation via > subclassing > >> > > >>but the fact that the "default" source is a map is very obviously > > exposed > > > >>> via the class API. > >> > >> > >> Well, should we go back to the interface approach? > > > > > > The constrast is with the StrTokenizer class. That alread has an > > interface, and various implementations of the interface. Thus an > > interface for this class is not inapropriate. > > > > I was hoping that there might have been some way to take the > > StrTokenizer interface and make it top level and reuse it in all the > > classes in the text package. Perhaps for locating the delimiters in > > VariableFormatter. But I'm not sure that idea works. > > > > > > Considering the current VariableFormatter class: > > > > a) we don't have the ability to call it directly from StrBuilder > > without copying the char array to a String. (VariableFormatter needs > > rewriting to operate on a char[]) > > Okay, to remain consistency this point sounds reasonable. If > VariableFormatter is reworked to operate on a char[], StrTokenizer will > certainly be useful. I think, it shouldn't be a problem to implement the > Matcher interface to locate variables in the source string. But I will > have to study the StrTokenizer class whether it is possible to extract > the variables' names once they have been detected. > > > > > b) we have lost the ability to have multiple substitutions > > I don't understand what you mean with this point. > > > > > c) we have added a complex escaping mechanism > > That's true, escaping increases complexity. I think we will have to find > a consense how far we want to go in this area. If you are in control > over the input for VariableFormatter, escaping might not be an issue > because you can choose variable delimiters that do not conflict with the > output you want to generate. But if this is not the case, the use case > of escaping variables will sooner or later come in naturally. > > > > > d) we don't have a replaceOnce() method > > This could be realized by passing a noRecursive flag to the main > substitution method; if this flag is set, no recursive calls will be made. > > > > > I would hope that we could have a static method, that is passed all > > the state, and performs all the work. That way it can be called from > > StrBuilder in the most efficient way. And StrTokenizer should be > > rewritten like this too. > > This is a good point. The main replace method could be implemented as a > static method, but we would then lose the possibility of overloading the > resolveVariable() method to extend the provided functionality. So in > this case I would prefer to have a VariableResolver interface (instead > of a plain map), which will support customization more easily. > > > > > Stephen > > > Oliver > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com > For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com > --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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Dreams. Operation:Catch up!
Savanna's dreams:
Hmmm, I wonder if Shadow and I will be engaged? Oh well! Aww! MAN!!!I'm back in the suckey meadow!I see Shadow. He looks still. I run toward him.
"Shadow!!!!STAY STILL!!!"I shout at him. He looks like he is really concentrating hard. I finally catch him. I put a hand on his arm...BANG!Were in a totally new place! It looks like were underwater. Hnag on.. we ARE underwater! I look at him puzzled. He stares at me wide eys. And gestures to my legs. I look down. I have a tail?!
Now, this was to wierd to even talk about!!! I look up, a shower of bubbled covering me. A very large piece of rock is coming strait for me!
I wake up, screeching, I was, again in the middle of the dorm. On the floor thrashing about. I go still. Blackness covers me. Not the kind where you pass out. It was over powering. I think I minght have gone into a coma or something. Okay, thats a tad dramatic. But the darkness was so calming and soothing. I embraced it...


text:
The Scotland manager, intent on keeping his Czech counterpart guessing, will not announce his line-up for the game against the Group Nine leaders and 1996 finalists until the last possible moment. But a glance at the list from which he will choose would leave Jozef Chovanec in no doubt as to the makeshift nature of the Scottish attack.
Gary McAllister, who will captain Scotland on his first appearance since sustaining the knee injury which kept out of last summer's World Cup finals, summed up Brown's lack of even one obvious marksman when he noted that he is the top scorer among the 20-man squad. His 56 caps have produced a grand total of five goals - including two from penalties and two against what he self-mockingly called "the mighty Canadians".
Eoin Jess, a midfielder for much of his career, will be pressed into service as a forward, having at least played there for Aberdeen lately. Should Brown revert to his trusted 3-5-2 formation, rather than the riskier 3-4-3 which earned narrow home wins over Estonia and the Faroe Islands, Jess's probable partner is Rangers' Neil McCann, nominally a winger, with a strong hint that another flank specialist, Sunderland's Allan Johnston, will be summoned from the bench at some stage.
By comparison with the front and back units, from which such familiar figures as Durie, Gallacher, Dailly and Hendry are missing, the Scots are spoiled for choice in midfield. Yet McAllister played down the theory that the match would be won or lost there. "I'm confident it'll be decided by our strikers, but there are goals in this squad anyway," he said, going on to identify Craig Burley and centre-backs marauding at set-pieces as alternative sources.
Given that their opponents stand some 20 places above them at seventh in the world rankings published by Fifa, the game's global governing body, it would not surprise many observers if this were to prove to be a game too far for Brown's make-do-or-die philosophy. Yet Scotland have not lost a qualifying fixture on home soil since Mark Lawrenson's goal settled a 1987 match in the Republic of Ireland's favour, and there is a steely determination to keep the run going.
"It's a game we have to win," McAllister said, mindful that the Czechs would go eight points clear by winning. "Though a draw wouldn't be a disaster, it would make it very difficult because we'd have to win in Prague. Some of their players are household names because of Euro 96 but, while we respect them, we're not in awe of them."
McAllister added: "We've got to start fast. A slow pace would suit them better than us, so we need to try to play at a British tempo, like we did when we beat Austria at Celtic Park in the World Cup, though we also played some nice stuff that night."
Karel Poborsky, the Czechs' former Manchester United winger, expressed a similar view on arriving at Glasgow airport: "If we get a good start and keep it tight, Scotland might get nervous. All the pressure's on them because they're at home and they're five points behind us."
Poborsky's failure to establish himself at Old Trafford, like Patrik Berger's status as a "bit-part player" at Liverpool, was cited by McAllister as evidence that victory is not beyond Scotland's capabilities.
Indeed, when looked at from a different perspective, the Czechs appear far from invincible. They failed to qualify for France 98, surrendered tamely to England in an autumn friendly at Wembley, and needed an "unsporting", Arsenal-style goal to scrape through in the Faroes. They will also be without a key defender, the suspended Tomas Repka, although that still leaves with Scots with fewer than half the aggregate number of caps collected by their visitors.
Brown, who watched Chovanec's team labour to a 2-0 home win over Lithuania on Saturday, would dearly like to know whether the first-choice striker, Vladimir Smicer, will be partnered by the the nippier Pavel Kuka or the taller Vratislav Lokvenc. In the absence of such intelligence, he has plans for either contingency and has even rehearsed two different playing systems. If Scotland's proud record is taken, it will not be for want of meticulous preparation.
SCOTLAND (3-5-2; probable): Sullivan (Wimbledon); Weir (Everton), Elliott (Leicester), Boyd (Celtic); Hopkin (Leeds), Burley (Celtic), McAllister (Coventry), Lambert (Celtic), Davidson (Blackburn); Jess (Aberdeen), McCann (Rangers).
CZECH REPUBLIC (3-5-2; probable): Srnicek (Sheffield Wednesday); Hornak (Sparta Prague), Suchoparek (Strasbourg), Votava (Sparta Prague); Poborsky (Benfica), Hasek (Sparta Prague), Nedved (Lazio), Nemek (Schalke 04), Berger (Liverpool); Smicer (Lens), Kuka (Nuremberg).
Referee: K Nielsen (Denmark).
n Uefa, football's European governing body, says it will be forced to expel from the European Championship any country subjected to a UN embargo."Our actions depend on the political situation which is beyond our control," a spokesman said.
P W D L F A Pts
Czech Rep 4 4 0 0 10 2 12
Scotland 3 2 1 0 5 3 7
Lithuania 4 1 2 1 4 4 5
Estonia 4 1 1 2 9 8 4
Bosnia 4 1 1 2 5 8 4
Faroe Islands 5 0 1 4 1 9 1
Fixtures: Today: Lithuania v Estonia; Scotland v Czech Republic. 5 June: Bosnia v Lithuania; Estonia v Czech Republic; Faroe Islands v Scotland. 9 June: Estonia v Lithuania; Faroe Islands v Bosnia; Czech Republic v Scotland. 18 Aug: Bosnia v Scotland (to be confirmed). Scotland v Bosnia. 4 Sept: Bosnia v Scotland; Faroe Islands v Estonia; Lithuania v Czech Republic. 8 Sept: Czech Republic v Bosnia; Faroe Islands v Lithuania; Estonia v Scotland. 9 Oct: Estonia v Bosnia; Czech Republic v Faroe Islands; Scotland v Lithuania.
- More about:
- Celtic F.c.
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text: Bruit by Frent Fonder published on 2012-06-19T02:52:55Z Noise. Except for the drums and vocal samples, all sounds are guitars using delays and a lot of reverb. Just experimenting. Comment by Frent Fonder @exner: thanks a loy 2012/09/30 13:09:32 +0000 Comment by exner @exner: and still well done 2012/09/30 11:15:10 +0000 Comment by exner for me, gretings from the 80 ties nice underground. 2012/09/30 11:14:16 +0000 Comment by Frent Fonder @the-famous-bicycle-ride: Thanks. Ya, I get a night during the week when my daughter is in bad and my wife watches bad tv. 2012/07/08 18:25:17 +0000 Comment by The Famous Bicycle Ride very well done piece here, enjoyed it! looks like you've been pretty busy putting up some tracks 2012/07/08 15:37:46 +0000 Comment by Frent Fonder @brianrouth: Thanks! It's fun to make some noise here and there! 2012/06/22 21:33:41 +0000 Comment by Brian Routh wow I really really like this a lot Jeremy 2012/06/22 13:42:51 +0000 Comment by Frent Fonder @pretzelsmalone: Thanks! 2012/06/22 03:29:13 +0000 Comment by pretzels malone cool beat sounds. 2012/06/22 03:25:47 +0000 Comment by Frent Fonder Thank you. 2012/06/21 18:18:55 +0000 Comment by Frent Fonder @themythofam: Thanks again 2012/06/19 13:01:21 +0000 Comment by Frent Fonder @michaelw-2: Thank you do much! I will for sure check him out. 2012/06/19 13:00:40 +0000 Comment by Frent Fonder @themythofam: Thank you! 2012/06/19 12:59:19 +0000 Comment by Michaelw Excellent soundscaping,guitar use is superb with great imagination!if you have a panache for soundscape maybe you should check out James work here on soundcloud...The Obligations :) 2012/06/19 10:34:59 +0000 Comment by themythofam Superior. Had to comment twice... 2012/06/19 03:41:23 +0000 Comment by themythofam Next level. Makes my shitty speakers sound nice. Thanks for the DL! 2012/06/19 03:40:18 +0000


text:
*OFFICIAL* Windsor Spitfires 2012-13 Season Thread (Part 8)
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Originally Posted by
You've got a team with Strome, Ritchie, and Shipley...you're a powerhouse. They can score when they want. Their defence is suspect, hence the record.
We must have different definitions of "don't even show that much."
Strome - 90 points in 51 games.
Ritchie - 72 points in 49 games (incl 38 goals).
If that's not much, I'm scared to see what is.
Their biggest issue is they have Festarini in net...and that's it. Moran is 16 and has struggled this year (GAA over 4.50, SV % under .870). He's young, but when you have no real back-up, you'll have issues.
Strome scoreless in 7 straight before getting 1 this afternoon.
Strome before WJs 1.93 ppg
Strome after WJs 1.47 ppg
Ritchie before WJs 1.56 ppg
Ritchie after WJs 1.29 ppg
Still quite productive but both players are not playing at the same level they were before the WJs. Keep in mind as well Ritchie had really been struggling until the past 4 games he has 7g 3a in that span.
I have even been told by a scout the one player has said on more than one occasion he's not even pushing himself to play well just wants to start his pro career.
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Laminin-5 γ2-chain expression and DNA ploidy as predictors of prognosis in endometrial carcinoma
- Received:
- Accepted:
- Cite this article as:
- Lundgren, C., Frankendal, B., Silfverswärd, C. et al. Med Oncol (2003) 20: 147. doi:10.1385/MO:20:2:147
Expression of the laminin-5 γ2-chain in carcinoma cells has been implicated in tumor invasion. The aim was to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of the In-5 γ2-chain compared with clinicopathological factors and tumor cell DNA ploidy in endometrial carcinoma. Histological specimens from 80 endometrial carcinomas were examined with respect to immunohistochemical In-5 γ2-chain expression and correlated to the clinicopathological characteristics, DNA ploidy, and survival. Sixty-eight of 80 investigated cases were judged to be positive for the In-5 γ2-chain. Ln-5 γ2-chain did not show any correlation to stage, histopathological subtype, grade, and DNA ploidy. In univariate analyses, advanced stage (p<0.001), nonendometrioid carcinoma (p=0.030), low grade (p<0.001), aneuploid tumors (p<0.001), and In-5 γ2-chain expression (p=0.017) were highly associated with poor survival. Aneuploid tumors in combination with strong In-5 γ2-chain expression were significant predictors (p<0.001) of poor prognosis. In multivariate analyses including stage, histopathological subgroup, grade, DNA ploidy, and In-5 γ2-chain expression, all lost their significant prognostic information except for stage (p<0.001) and grade (p<0.05). Ln-5 γ2-chain expression and DNA ploidy both as a single parameter and in combination were demonstrated to be significant prognostic factors in univariate analysis. However, stage and grade provided more useful clinical information beyond histopathological subgroup, DNA ploidy, and In-5 γ2-chain expression. The results also indicate that In-5 γ2-chain expression is upregulated during the progression of endometrial carcinoma.


text:
Alpha 2 & Beta Preview
Alpha 2 online for Alpha backers
We have improved a lot since the first Alpha and are looking forward to your feedback. Here are some of the improvements:
- We have revised the combat system and added a "pause function"
- We have revised the ingame user interface; it should now be significantly more clearer
- You can now create savegames and we implemented auto saves.
- We rudimentarily integrated all UI screens (the designs aren't final yet, but they work)
- There now is loot, XP, skills and all the other good stuff 🙂
- You can fight a good half dozen of battles in about 6-8 hours of play time.
- Linux & Mac support (BUT: We only had little time to test these versions. There might be bigger problems.)
Edit: The Linux & Mac versions are still uploading (20+ GB).
Your feedback on the Alpha 1 was very valuable to us and we think that you'll discover a lot of your input in the Alpha 2!
For all Alpha 2 players
Please use the Alpha 2 forum on Steam to give us feedback: http://steamcommunity.com/app/403970/discussions/2/
Attention: We still have lists with To-Dos and bugs. Please don't report everything, only:
- Blockers (the game can't be continued)
- Your impression of the game: What do you like, what do you dislike (see Alpha 1)
- Your impression of the combat system in general and of the specific battles (which one was fun, was one of them too hard, etc.)
Attention: We would like to kindly ask you not to publish videos of the Alpha 2 yet. We have made a lot of changes since the Alpha 1, so we didn't have much time for polishing. We don't want people to get a wrong impression of the game, just because we share a version with you that normally nobody outside of KING Art would set eyes on. We will polish the Alpha 2 and release an updated version before the Beta. That one will then be approved for Let's Plays and other stuff.
Where do I get the Alpha 2?
If you have played the Alpha 1 on Steam the game will be updated automatically. You don't have to do anything, other than just starting the game.
If you have supported us with at least $45 and haven't played the Alpha 1, please log in to our portal: https://secure.kingart-games.com
Enter the key that we sent you via email. Under "Your products" in the area "The Dwarves" you can find a link "Get your Alpha Steam Key". Click on it and copy the key.
Launch Steam and select "Games" in the menu. Click on "Activate a Product on Steam" and enter the key.
If you experience any problems, feel free to contact us: https://kingartgames.freshdesk.com/support/home (There's some holidays around the corner though, so it will probably take a few days for us to reply.)
State of play & Beta
Apart from the stuff you can see in the Alpha 2 we've worked on many other things.
- All Characters are modeled
- All arenas are designed (many still have to be lighted though)
- Nearly all ingame animations are laid out
- All text has been written and is currently being translated (and the voices will be recorded soon)
We also took care of the Kickstarter rewards in the last months. For example, here's the prototype of the axe Keenfire as a LARP weapon:
Other things on our plate for the next weeks and months are primarily:
- Improvements based on the Alpha 2 feedback
- "Assembling" and "staging" of all elements
- Cutscenes
- Testing
- Polishing, Polishing, Polishing
Our plan is publishing the first Beta in 5-6 weeks. It will presumably contain the complete first of three chapters that we've internally divided the game into. By that time chapter 2 will undergo internal testing and we'll be in the process of finishing chapter 3.
Thanks for your help and have fun while you play!
Your Dwarves team


text:
Sliding door fell off-anyone else having this issue?
There was a grinding noise which started on our driver side power sliding door a couple days ago, then today, when opening, it fell off the track causing substantial body damage. The dealer said the center roller broke, and the other side is also worn out. The van is only 2 years old, but at 40K out of warranty, and the fix without the body work will be $400. When I asked if this is a part which I can look forward to replacing every two years, I didn't get much assurance it wouldn't. Anone else having this problem?
11 Answers
I have a 2005 and our door fell off too! It is an obvious manufacture problem. We were in am support parking lot about to catch a flight! They van was in excellent condition but as you said, there is much body damage now.
Spell guesser strikes again. That should say we were in an airport parking lot, about to catch a flight.
I had a 2008 Odyssey and the driver side door fell off in 2011. It was all the way open and then fell out of the track and left three "Wolverine" claw marks down the side of the body. And of course it was about 6 months out of warranty when it happened. I was on Vacation 8 hours away from home and the dealer I took it to made it sound like a common problem, "we tend to keep those parts in stock" I dumped the Van and took a loss, I was pissed.
I forgot to mention that I had the grinding noise too, but every time I took it in to the dealer they told me that it was a kids toy, dirt or grime or they didn't find anything wrong. The Fix without the body damage was about $500 for me. The body work they wanted about 3-4k.
Had a 2008 where I heard the grinding noise described and the door fell off -- warranty repair. Turned that in last month for another -- a 2012 Odyssey and door just fell off -- no noise, just came off the track less than 2 mos old. Very frustrating.
2010 van, 70,000 miles and the door partially closes then bounces back - says its the roller - grrrrrrr $210/door (only getting one done now)
We have a 2014 Odyssey Braun wheelchair conversion van that we have owned for 7 months and have 5,000 miles on the odometer. This evening, the sliding door on the passenger side fell off, leaving our quadriplegic daughter and her friend stranded. $70K wheelchair van and Honda can't make a door that will stay on the vehicle? Dented and scraped the the side of the van, too. Unbelievable!
The door of my 2014 Honda Odyessy has fallen off twice! All I can say is that I am thankful that I am leasing the vehicle because when the lease is up, I am done!
Sooooo, I have heard this grinding noise on any number of occasions with our 2011 Odyssey and I always assumed it was road sand/grit that had gotten in between the track and the roller (we live in the North East and for some reason I always seem to be more in-tune with it after rain storms/lots of snow melting). I just heard about this being a known defect by Honda and had I known sooner I would have brought it in well within the warranty period (which of course, ran out just under a year ago). My question is, does Honda need to honor a repair for a known defect at no charge, even if the warranty period has expired?
Our 2010 Odyssey side door didn't want to close automatically so I tried to manually close it. I heard a grinding noise and the door fell off. It was hanging by a very thin cable. I was afraid that the cable would break and the door would damage another car or hurt someone. We were stranded in 25 degree weather for hours. When we talked to the Honda rep he told me it was my fault for trying to shut the door!! We have owned other vans and know things can break but never did I imagine Honda would make a van where the door would come off with so little effort.
My son & daughter in law have a 2010 Honda Odyssey touring. The door fell off and has caused tremendous damage to the car. Thankfully, my 3 & 4 year old grandsons did not open the power door. It fell on my son, but he was able to support the weight. It would have crushed my grandsons.
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text:
[QUOTE from McPatrickClan]Slobbie: I first used the Avia DVD that I own on my Toshiba 27". It helped a lot. That being said, I have found that the best settings are determined by very experienced users. Find someone who has the same set you do and inquire as to their movie settings. Take a look with their setttings and you will probably be pretty satisfied.[/quote]
McPatrickClan had a good idea. Any owners of this set want to share their settings?
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Understanding network concepts in modules
Network concepts are increasingly used in biology and genetics. For example, the clustering coefficient has been used to understand network architecture; the connectivity (also known as degree) has been used to screen for cancer targets; and the topological overlap matrix has been used to define modules and to annotate genes. Dozens of potentially useful network concepts are known from graph theory.
Here we study network concepts in special types of networks, which we refer to as approximately factorizable networks. In these networks, the pairwise connection strength (adjacency) between 2 network nodes can be factored into node specific contributions, named node 'conformity'. The node conformity turns out to be highly related to the connectivity. To provide a formalism for relating network concepts to each other, we define three types of network concepts: fundamental-, conformity-based-, and approximate conformity-based concepts. Fundamental concepts include the standard definitions of connectivity, density, centralization, heterogeneity, clustering coefficient, and topological overlap. The approximate conformity-based analogs of fundamental network concepts have several theoretical advantages. First, they allow one to derive simple relationships between seemingly disparate networks concepts. For example, we derive simple relationships between the clustering coefficient, the heterogeneity, the density, the centralization, and the topological overlap. The second advantage of approximate conformity-based network concepts is that they allow one to show that fundamental network concepts can be approximated by simple functions of the connectivity in module networks.
Using protein-protein interaction, gene co-expression, and simulated data, we show that a) many networks comprised of module nodes are approximately factorizable and b) in these types of networks, simple relationships exist between seemingly disparate network concepts. Our results are implemented in freely available R software code, which can be downloaded from the following webpage:
Network terminology is used to study important questions in systems biology. For example, networks are used to study functional enrichment
Here we study the meaning of network concepts in relatively simple networks, e.g. gene co-expression networks and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Specifically, we consider undirected networks that can be represented by a symmetric adjacency matrix
Fundamental network concepts
Other authors refer to network concepts as network statistics or network indices. Network concepts include connectivity, mean connectivity, density, variance of the connectivity (related to the heterogeneity) etc. Network concepts can be used as descriptive statistics for networks. While some network concepts (e.g. connectivity) have found important uses in biology and genetics, other network concepts (e.g. network centralization) appear less interesting to biologists. Before attempting to understand why some concepts are more interesting than others, it is important to understand how network concepts relate to each other in biologically interesting networks. As a step toward this goal, we explore the meaning of network concepts in module networks, which are defined below.
In the following, we review fundamental network concepts. Further details on the definitions and notations can be found in the Methods section.
The node connectivity is given by
In unweighted networks, the connectivity
The line density
where the function
The normalized connectivity centralization (also known as degree centralization) is a simple and widely used index of the connectivity distribution. By definition
A frequent question of social network analysis concerns the causes and consequences of centralization in network structure, i.e. the extent to which certain nodes are far more central than others within the network in question. The centralization index has been used to describe structural differences of metabolic networks
Many measures of network heterogeneity are based on the variance of the connectivity, and authors differ on how to scale the variance
This heterogeneity measure is scale invariant with respect to multiplying the connectivity by a scalar. Biological networks tend to be very heterogeneous: while some 'hub' nodes are highly connected, the majority of nodes tend to have very few connections. Describing the heterogeneity (inhomogeneity) of the connectivity (degree) distribution has been the focus of considerable research in recent years
The clustering coefficient of node
In unweighted networks,
The topological overlap between nodes
The Topological Overlap Matrix Can Be Considered as Adjacency Matrix
Since the matrix
The topological overlap matrix can be used for module definition
Our main interest lies in (sub-)networks comprised of nodes that form a module inside a larger network. Since a particular module network may encode a pathway or a protein complex, these special types of networks have great practical importance. Similar to the term 'cluster', no consensus on the meaning of the term 'module' seems to exist in the literature. In our applications, we use a clustering procedure to identify modules (clusters) of nodes with high topological overlap. We follow the suggestion of
We use
Figure 1
Hierarchical clustering dendrogram and module definition
Hierarchical clustering dendrogram and module definition. A) Drosophila PPI network. The dendrogram results from average linkage hierarchical clustering. The color-band below the dendrogram denotes the modules, which are defined as branches in the dendrogram. Of the 1371 proteins, 862 were clustered into 28 proper modules, and the remaining proteins are colored in grey; B) yeast PPI network; C) weighted gene co-expression network (yeast); D) unweighted gene co-expression network (yeast). To facilitate a comparison between the weighted and the unweighted gene co-expression networks, we used the module assignment of C) in D). Note that the colors of C) tend to stay together in D), which illustrates high module preservation.
Conformity and factorizable networks
We define an adjacency matrix
If the non-negative solution of equation (7) is unique, it is referred to as conformity vector
We also define the concept of conformity for a general, non-factorizable network. The idea is to find an exactly factorizable adjacency matrix
In the appendix, we define the conformity as a maximizer of the factorizability function
In equation (43), we define a measure of network factorizability as follows
The factorizability
Modules can be approximately factorizable
Approximate factorizability is a very strong structural assumption on an adjacency matrix. It certainly does not hold for general networks. However, we provide empirical evidence that many clusters (modules) of genes or proteins in real networks are approximately factorizable. Table
Table 1
Summary of fundamental network concepts in real network applications.
Fly Protein
Yeast Protein
Yeast (Weighted)
Yeast (Unweighted)
.82 (.086)
.85 (.100)
.73 (.084)
.62 (.130)
.21 (.074)
.28 (.120)
.08 (.056)
.40 (.150)
.18 (.091)
.20 (.055)
.10 (.026)
.41 (.110)
.35 (.130)
.36 (.140)
.56 (.066)
.51 (.097)
Mean Cluster Coef.
.28 (.110)
.36 (.120)
.13 (.072)
.72 (.087)
Mean Conformity
.45 (.076)
.51 (.120)
.26 (.084)
.63 (.100)
Each network contained several proper modules. Non-module genes were grouped into a single (improper) grey module. For each concept, we report the mean and standard error across the proper modules. A more detailed table presenting network concepts in each module is also provided [see Additional file
Additional file 1
Complete list of network concepts in the modules. An extended version of Table
Click here for file
Our empirical results support the following
Observation 1
This observation motivates us to study network concepts in approximately factorizable networks.
Conformity-based network concepts
We refer to the standard network concepts known from the literature as
Table 2
Brief overview of different types of network concepts.
Input Matrix
Type of Concept
Example: Connectivity
approximate CF-based
A network concept arises by evaluating a
Note that the
We will demonstrate that approximate CF-based concepts satisfy simple relationships. Below, we show that these simple relationships carry over to fundamental network concepts in approximately factorizable networks.
In Definition 7, we provide a formula for calculating approximate CF-based analogs of the fundamental network concepts. Specifically, we find
Approximate CF-based network concepts satisfy simple relationships
Here we demonstrate a major advantage of approximate CF-based network concepts: they exhibit simple relationships. Using the fact that
or equivalently,
Further, it is straightforward to derive a simple relationship between approximate CF-based topological overlap, connectivity and heterogeneity under the following mild assumptions:
In the following subsection, we outline the conditions when equations (9) and (10) hold approximately for fundamental network concepts in approximately factorizable module networks.
Relating fundamental- to approximate CF-based concepts
In the Methods section, we provide a heuristic argument for the following
Observation 2
The observation implies that in approximately factorizable networks,
Figure 2
Drosophila PPI module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts
Drosophila PPI module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts
Figure 3
Yeast PPI module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts
Yeast PPI module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts
Figure 4
Yeast gene co-expression module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts
Yeast gene co-expression module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts
Observation 3
Observation 3 is important since it highlights the fact that seemingly disparate network concepts satisfy simple and intuitive relationships in approximately factorizable networks. Equations (11) and (12) are illustrated in Figure
Figure 5
Drosophila PPI module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts
Drosophila PPI module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts. This figure demonstrates Observation 3 and equation (14). In Figures A) and B), each point is a protein colored by its module assignment, and the red line has intercept 0 and slope 1. Figure A) illustrates the relationship between the mean clustering coefficient (short horizonal line) and (1 +
Figure 6
Yeast PPI module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts
Yeast PPI module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts. This figure demonstrates Observation 3 and equation (14). In Figures A) and B), each point is a protein colored by its module assignment and the red line has intercept 0 and slope 1. Figure A) illustrates the relationship between the mean clustering coefficient (short horizonal line) and (1 +
As an aside, we briefly mention that
In the following, we relate
Equation (14) is illustrated in Figure
Figure 7
Yeast gene co-expression module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts
Yeast gene co-expression module networks: the relationship between fundamental network concepts. This figure demonstrates Observation 3 and equation (14). The figures on the left (right) hand side depict network concepts from the weighted (unweighted) network. Each point is a gene colored by its module assignment. The red line has intercept 0 and slope 1. Figures A) and B) illustrate the relationship between the mean clustering coefficient (short horizonal line) and (1 +
In factorizable networks, fundamental network concepts are simple functions of the connectivity
Here we demonstrate another advantage of approximate CF-based network concepts. They allow one to relate fundamental network concepts to simple functions of the connectivity. Toward this end, note the following simple relationship between the conformity
Since in approximately factorizable networks
This equation shows that conformity can be interpreted as a scaled connectivity in approximately factorizable networks. Since approximate CF-based network concepts are simple functions of the conformity, substituting
Observation 4
Protein-protein interaction and gene co-expression network applications
Drosophila and yeast protein-protein network
To illustrate our results, we computed network concepts in module networks based on Drosophila and yeast protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks downloaded from BioGrid
Of the 1371 proteins in the Drosophila PPI network, 862 were clustered into 28 modules, and the remaining proteins grouped into an improper (grey) module. The module sizes of the proper modules range from 10 to 96, mean 30.79, median 23, and interquartile range 24.
Of the 2292 proteins in the yeast PPI network, 2050 were clustered into 44 proper modules, and the remaining proteins grouped into an improper module. The module sizes of the proper modules range from 10 to 219, mean 46.59, median 24, and interquartile range 38.8.
Yeast gene co-expression networks
We now illustrate our theoretical results using gene co-expression networks that have been used by many authors, e.g.
In gene co-expression networks, nodes correspond to gene expression profiles. The corresponding adjacency matrix is determined from a measure of co-expression between the genes. In the examples below, we will use the absolute value of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the gene expression profiles to measure co-expression between gene pairs. As detailed at the end of the Methods section, one can transform the Pearson correlation matrix into an adjacency matrix by hard thresholding or soft thresholding. Hard thresholding results in an unweighted network and soft thresholding results in a weighted network
Of the 2001 genes (microarray probesets) in the weighted yeast gene co-expression network, 1081 were clustered into 8 proper modules. The module sizes of the proper modules range from 53 to 308, mean 135.1, median 101.5, and interquartile range 69.3. To facilitate a comparison between the weighted and the unweighted gene co-expression networks, we used the module assignment of the weighted network for the unweighted network as well. It turns out that the module assignment is highly preserved between the weighted and the unweighted gene co-expression networks, see Figures
Functional annotation of modules
Since the scope of this paper is a mathematical and topological analysis of module networks, we defined modules without regard to external gene ontology information. Also we do not provide an in-depth analysis of the biological meaning of the network modules. But we briefly mention that there is indirect evidence that most of the resulting modules are biologically meaningful. We used the functional gene annotation tools from the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID)
Additional file 2
Network concepts and module size. Descriptions of how module concepts are related to module sizes in the Drosophila PPI, yeast PPI networks, and yeast gene co-expression networks.
Click here for file
Additional file 3
Functional enrichment analysis (gene ontology) of the Drosophila PPI modules (DAVID software).
Click here for file
Additional file 4
Functional enrichment analysis (gene ontology) of the yeast PPI modules (DAVID software).
Click here for file
Additional file 5
Functional enrichment analysis (gene ontology) of the yeast gene co-expression modules (DAVID software).
Click here for file
Empirical relationships in 4 different networks
In accordance with Observation 2, we find a close relationship (
In accordance with Observation 3, we find a close relationship (
We find that our theoretical observations fit better in the weighted- than in the unweighted yeast gene co-expression network.
Network concepts and module size
Since the number of genes inside a module (module size) varies greatly among the modules, it is natural to wonder whether the reported relationships between network concepts are due to the underlying module sizes. We find that the relationship between fundamental network concepts and their approximate CF-based analogs remains highly significant even after correcting for module sizes [see Additional file
A simple exactly factorizable network example: constant network
A simple, exactly factorizable network is given by an adjacency matrix
Table 3
Network concepts in the constant Erdös-Rényi network.
Network Concepts
Approximate CF-based
Example: block diagonal adjacency matrix
In the following, we will consider a block diagonal adjacency matrix where each block has constant adjacencies, i.e.
We assume that the first and second blocks have dimensions
We denote by
Then the conformity is uniquely defined by
as one can show using equations (36) and (37) in the appendix. Further, using Proposition 10 in the appendix, one can show that the factorizability is given by
In particular, if
This block diagonal network allows one to arrive at explicit formulas for fundamental-, CF-based-, and approximate CF-based network concepts, see Table
Table 4
Network concepts in the simulated block-diagonal network.
Approx CF-based
The indicator function
In the following, we study the relationship between fundamental network concepts and their approximate CF-based analogs in the limit when the block diagonal network becomes approximately factorizable. Specifically, we calculate network concepts in the limit
For reasonably large values of
This paper does not describe a new software or method for constructing networks. Instead, it presents theoretical results which clarify the mathematical relationship between network concepts in module networks. A deeper understanding of network concepts may guide the data analyst on how to construct and use networks in practice. Our results will pertain to any network that is approximately factorizable irrespective of its construction method. While the term 'factorizable' network is new, numerous examples of these types of networks can be found in the literature, e.g.
We find that in many applications, the conformity is highly related to the first eigenvector of the adjacency matrix. The idea of using a variant of the singular value decomposition for decomposing an adjacency matrix has been proposed by several authors
The topological structure of complex networks has been the focus of numerous studies, e.g.
To derive results for factorizable module networks, we define several novel terms including a measure of network factorizability
The first result (Observation 1) uses both PPI and gene co-expression network data to show empirically that subnetworks comprised of module nodes are often approximately factorizable. This insight could be interesting to researchers who develop module detection methods. Approximate factorizability is a very stringent structural assumption that is not satisfied in general networks. While modules in gene co-expression networks tend to be approximately factorizable if the corresponding expression profiles are highly correlated, the situation is more complicated for modules in PPI networks: only after replacing the original adjacency matrix by a 'smoothed out' version (the topological overlap matrix), do we find that the resulting modules are approximately factorizable.
The second result (Observation 2) shows that fundamental network concepts are approximately equal to their approximate CF-based analogs in approximately factorizable networks (e.g. modules). While fundamental network concepts are defined with respect to the adjacency matrix, approximate CF-based network concepts are defined with respect to the conformity vector. The close relationship between fundamental and approximate CF-based concepts in module networks can be used to provide an intuitive interpretation of network concepts in modules. We demonstrate that these high correlations between module concepts remain significant even after adjusting the analysis for differences in module size [see Additional file
The third result (Observation 3) shows that the mean clustering coefficient is determined by the density and the network heterogeneity in approximately factorizable networks. Further, the topological overlap between two nodes is determined by the maximum of their respective connectivities and the heterogeneity. Thus, seemingly disparate network concepts satisfy simple and intuitive relationships in these special but biologically important types of networks.
The fourth result (Observation 4) is that in approximately factorizable networks, fundamental network concepts can be expressed as simple functions of the connectivity. Under mild assumptions, we argue that the clustering coefficient and the topological overlap matrix can be approximated by simple functions of the connectivity.
Our empirical data also highlight how network concepts differ between subnetworks of 'proper' modules and the subnetwork comprised of improper (grey) module nodes, see Table
As a consequence of approximate factorizability, network concepts with disparate meanings in social network theory are closely related in module networks. Our results shed some light on the relationship between network concepts traditionally used by social scientists (e.g. centralization, heterogeneity) and concepts used by systems biologists (e.g. topological overlap). For example, equation (13) shows that in module networks, the topological overlap between a hub gene and other module genes is related to the centralization.
Using several protein-protein interaction and gene co-expression networks, we provide empirical evidence that subnetworks comprised of module nodes often satisfy an important structural property, which we call 'approximate factorizability'. In these types of networks, simple relationships exist between seemingly disparate network concepts. Several network concepts with very different meanings in general networks turn out to be highly correlated across modules. These results are pertinent for systems biology since a biological pathways may correspond to an approximately factorizable module network.
The adjacency matrix and notation
We study the properties of an adjacency matrix (network)
(A.2) The entries of
(A.3) The diagonal elements of
Matrix and vector notation
We will make use of the following notations. We denote by
Uniqueness of the conformity for an exactly factorizable network
One can easily show that the vector
Specifically, we prove the following statement. If
Proof: by assumption, we have
Network concept functions and fundamental network concepts
In general, we define a
Denote by
where the components of matrix
For the sake of brevity, we study only a limited selection of network concept functions and do not claim that these are more important than others studied in the literature. Our general formalism for relating fundamental network concepts to their approximate CF-based analogs should allow the reader to adapt our derivations to alternative concepts as well.
Now we are ready to define the fundamental network concepts that are studied in this article.
Definition 5 (Fundamental Network Concept)
As special cases of this definition, we find the following concepts. The connectivity (also known as degree) of the
The line density
For notational convenience, we sometimes omit the reference to the adjacency matrix and simply write
The normalized connectivity centralization (also known as degree centralization)
Our definition of the network heterogeneity equals the coefficient of variation of the connectivity distribution, i.e.
Note that
The clustering coefficient of node
The topological overlap between nodes
Network concepts in exactly factorizable networks
In the following, we will present explicit formulas for the fundamental network concepts in Definition 5 when the adjacency matrix
Using our definition of network concept functions in equations (21), one can easily derive the following formulas for
Approximate CF-based network concepts in general networks
Definition 6 (CF-based Network Concepts)
By definition, fundamental network concepts are equal to their CF-based analogs if
In the following, we define
Note that only the diagonal elements differ between
Definition 7 (Approximate CF-based Network Concepts)
In approximately factorizable networks, fundamental network concepts are approximately equal to their approximate CF-based analogs
Here we will provide a heuristic derivation of Observation 2. Since the components of
Observation 8 (Approximate Formulas for CF-based Concepts)
In particular, for exactly factorizable networks (i.e.
In our real data applications, we show empirically that equation (31) holds even in networks that satisfy the assumptions of Observation 8 only approximately.
In the appendix (equation (43)), we define a measure of network factorizability as follows
Thus, in approximately factorizable networks (i.e.
i.e. the fundamental network concepts are approximately equal to their CF-based analogs in approximately factorizable networks. Observation 8 states that
Combining the last two equations leads to
In approximately factorizable networks, the fundamental network concepts are approximately equal to their approximate CF-based analogs, i.e.
Construction of gene co-expression networks
Gene co-expression networks are constructed from microarray data that measures the transcriptional response of cells to changing conditions. We consider the case of
where the
Recently, several groups have suggested thresholding the pairwise Pearson correlation coefficient
To transform the co-expression measure into an adjacency, one can make use of an
where the indicator function
To avoid the disadvantages of hard thresholding, we proposed a 'soft' thresholding approach that raises the absolute value of the correlation to the power
In our yeast cell cycle gene co-expression network analysis, we followed the analysis steps described in
Using our R software tutorial, the reader can easily verify that our conclusions are highly robust with respect to a) different ways of constructing co-expression networks and b) different ways of constructing modules.
Availability and requirements
An R implementation and the data can be obtained from the internet:
Appendix: node conformity and factorizability of a general network
Equation (20) provides an explicit formula for the conformity of a weighted, exactly factorizable network. For a general, non-factorizable network, we describe here how to compute the conformity by optimizing an objective function. In the following, we assume a general
Specifically, we define the objective function
It is clear that
Definition 9 (Conformity, Factorizability)
Our definition of the conformity is a generalization of Definition 7 since
In general,
Proposition 10 (Expressions for the Factorizability)
Proof Since
Equation (38) suggests that the conformity is an eigenvector of the 'hat' adjacency matrix
An algorithm for computing the conformity is based on the following
Lemma 11
The proof can be found in Horn and Johnson
Denote by
Define a new estimate of the conformity by
Considering the diagonal elements, one can easily show that
Thus, we arrive at the following
which suggests a monotonic algorithm for computing
Definition 12 (Algorithmic Definition of Conformity, Factorizability)
Note that the conformity satisfies equation (38) by definition of convergence. One can easily show that 0 ≤
The algorithm described by equations (40) and (41) is monotonic (equation (42)). It is a special case of an algorithm described in
We find that for most real networks, the conformity is highly related to the first eigenvector of the adjacency matrix, i.e. the conformity vector
We would like to acknowledge the grant support from Program Project Grant 1U19AI063603-01 and NINDS/NIMH 1U24NS043562-01. We are grateful for discussions with Andy Yip, Lora Bagryanova, Dan Geschwind, Johanna Hardin, Ken Lange, Peter Langfelder, Ai Li, Jake Lusis, Paul Mischel, Stan Nelson, Nan Zhang and Wei Zhao.
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Dear Wiki user, You have subscribed to a wiki page or wiki category on "Hadoop Wiki" for change notification. The "Hive/FAQ" page has been changed by ZhengShao. http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/Hive/FAQ?action=diff&rev1=4&rev2=5 -------------------------------------------------- 1. When running a JOIN query, I see out-of-memory errors. This is usually caused by the order of JOIN tables. Instead of "FROM tableA a JOIN tableB b ON ...", try "FROM tableB b JOIN tableA a ON ...". NOTE that if you are using LEFT OUTER JOIN, you might want to change to RIGHT OUTER JOIN. This trick usually solve the problem - the rule of thumb is, always put the table with a lot of rows having the same value in the join key on the rightmost side of the JOIN. + 1. I am using MySQL as metastore and I see errors: "com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.!CommunicationsException: Communications link failure" + This is usually caused by MySQL servers closing connections after the connection is idling for some time. Run the following command on the MySQL server will solve the problem "set global wait_status=120;" +
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A documentary history of communism in Russia - Robert V. Daniels
The Trotsky question (1925) - Amadeo Bordiga
Views and Comments No. 27 (March 1958)
International Council Correspondence Volume 3, Number 9-10
International Council Correspondence Volume 2, Number 8
How Lenin led to Stalin - Workers Solidarity Movement
Vanguard (Vol. 3, No. 5, December 1936)
Stalin didn't fall from the moon - Workers Solidarity Movement
Teaching old dogs new tricks: Counter-theses and theses - Amadeo Bordiga
In this 1952 article from the "On the Thread of Time" series, on the eve of a split in the Internationalist Communist Party, Amadeo Bordiga sets forth his refutations ("theses") of the innovators who stray from the correct doctrine of Marxism with their "dangerous improvisations" ("counter-theses") in the fields of history, economics and philosophy—modestly claiming that his arguments might be rendered more "clear and convincing" if one were to devote "seven years" of "study and activity", "seven hours a week", to the task—with an ample selection of provocative epigrammatic comments on such topics as World Wars Two and Three, communism, bureaucracy, totalitarianism, ideology, etc.
On the construction of socialism - Nikolai Osinsky (Valerian V. Obolensky)
In this text first published in the journal of the Bolshevik left communists, The Communist, in April 1918, Osinsky attacks Lenin's economic policies (which he attributes to Lenin's erroneous support for the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty) from a "left" perspective that champions working class supremacy in the "organization of production" (in the economic councils, etc.), advocates a policy of rigorous nationalization and promotion of "heavy industry" (coal, steel, railroads), and concludes that economic reconstruction cannot be directed towards Russian "self-sufficiency", but must be oriented towards the goal of the victory of the international proletarian revolution.


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Day 3 - Last day in Paris Day 4 - train fun
... walked up to the castle for a look-see, but we were pretty hungry and ended up eating at the only place we could find close to the bnb...called Plein Sud - not much was open either. I had a nice roast chicken leg and hubby had a pizza. I liked the chicken, but the pizza was not very good - a little burned and more like a frozen pizza. Then we went back to the room to relax after a long stressful day of sitting on trains and in cars!
The malice of death
... but just because I long to make a difference in our world and this doesn't come from some egotistical passion; it stems out of love.
As Saint Therese, the little flower says, "my vocation is love".
And as they say in Les Mis "to love another person is to see the face of God".
I hope I am able to do that; love people where they are at and see God in everyone I come in contact with; especially the ones I struggle with.
Packed into Paris
... the pyramid to wait for the doors to
open. Once they did, those holding tickets all walked straight in.
We knew it would get busy so we headed straight to the Mona
Lisa. We were able to be there by about 9:10 and we got to stand right at the
front of the viewing area as there were not many people around at that time
yet. After this we explored some of the rest of the Louvre and saw Venus de
Milo and the Grand Sphinx. We also saw many other amazing sculptures ...
A day of second chances
... we did a little more research on the best days and hours to visit the Louvre. All were unanimous in suggesting that the nights the museum is open late are the most enjoyable, so we try our luck tonight - a what luck! We breeze through security, stand in line for tickets with maybe 7 other people, and literally waltz right into the Denon wing to see the grand galleries. What a breath of fresh air! We stroll through ...
Once again we headed off to the Metro after a hearty breakfast. We were armed with maps, coins for the ticket machines (which we had mastered) and of course backpacks stuffed with cameras, video recorders and mobile phones.
Today we had planned a big sightseeing day. On our bus trip yesterday we passed through the Place de la Concorde [The Place de la Concorde, is one of the major public ...


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The Good: AMLA – a bearded wonder
Hashim Amla, England's nemesis at the crease, astonished cricket followers around the world with his record-breaking triple century at The Oval – and the Beard Liberation Front (BLF) was particularly impressed. So much so that the BLF, an informal network of beard wearers, announced that South Africa's batsman had been admitted to the Beard Hall of Fame. This hall comprises a handful of the hirsute, whose beards, apparently, prove positive influences in the public eye. Fellow members include actor Brian Blessed, entertainer Rolf Harris and singer Robert Plant.
The Bad: Hamilton's woes
Lewis Hamilton's frustrating season continued yesterday as he retired from the German Grand Prix, an early puncture proving his downfall with 10 laps remaining of his 100th grand prix. The Brit has finished eighth on three occasions this year, including at Silverstone. Merely to mention his collision with Pastor Maldonado in the European GP, resulting in a dispiriting 19th place, would probably prompt a spiky response. Given this campaign's unpredictability, though, Hamilton will hope his victory in Canada is not his last this year.
The Odd: Fan learns hard lesson
During Japan's 2-1 victory over Mexico, a pre-Olympic football warm-up game in Nottingham, the ball was cleared out of play near the halfway line. But what was seemingly a harmless passage of play turned into a moment of pain for a fan. The ball headed straight to a young girl sitting in the aisle only a few rows from the front, who failed to react fast enough, being struck in the face and floored by the ball. She needed help and sympathy but, worryingly, the incident drew laughter from the commentators.
- More about:
- Formula 1
- Lewis Hamilton
- Silverstone


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Why am I getting this error when trying to outgoing email?
SMTP Error: 550 5.1.1 User unknown
1 Reply
· · ·
Nov 20, 2007 at 10:54 UTC
Is this setting up your email settings through the wizard? Did you correctly enter your email address into Spiceworks? Does your server recognize that email address as being valid? What mail daemon are you using?


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the website.
This step is discretionary but will seriously raise your chances of your profile getting read by other members. Write a little about yourself, your interests and upload some good photos of yourself.
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Discovered someone who appeals to you? Send them a few words or just a wink and see how you get along. With a little luck you'll be on your way to an amazing adventure.
You won't regret it


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Hotel Altamira
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Travel Blogs from Porto Alegre
Venezuela: A Political And Economical mess!
... that could have been spent on improving the country.
I think that by now the picture of Venezuela's political mess is becoming clear and what the future holds is any-ones guess,but meanwhile the people suffer under this absurdity of good intentions gone wrong.Back at the hotel I took stock of all that I had seen and heard from my guide.Cities are always,I believe,the wrong way to judge the people.City dwellers are in the melting pot that dictates policies to the rest ...
Food tour of the city of green and light
... br>
Towards the end of the wedding were a few fireworks and traditional music and dancing from Venezuela. Everyone donned silly party hats, like one's you wear on New Year's eve and suddenly everyone jumped to their feet and started crazy dancing it was wonderful and so much fun. The next morning my feet were a little tired after my night of dancing but what wonderful memories and something I really will never forget.
I also saw ...
Chavistas, Criminals and some Colonial Buildings
... This has been offered as an explanation for why rates of violent crime have drastically increased without being resolved.
Jewish life in Caracas
Being the big Jew that I am, I love a bit of diaspora tourism. On my first full day in Caracas I was taken to El Centro Hebraica, the centre of Jewish life in the city. It was basically a heavily fortified luxury Jewish ghetto, complete with schools, synagogue, pool, caf�, library, ...
There and back again
... oil tanker sitting at anchor just off the coast. St Lucia it was not.
More than ready to get back to the airport, we were picked up by grumpy driver once more and arrived with ample time to spare. We sat in the departure lounge with faces glued to the windows waiting for our Iberia-sponsored rescue plane to land. We were by now very excited about getting home, seeing our family, friends, and Nan, ...
Hola Caracas
... Renee�s is, and, after a early night we ventured out into the city.
Caracas is an interesting town. We�ve taken in the sights - including Simon Bolivar�s birthplace - and done a bit of walking around the city. Thanks to the very Baghdad like �Green-Orange-Red' map that Renee memorised before we arrived we�re aware of the places not to walk around, and the places that ...


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Can anybody help me, I have linksys Wireless-N ADSL2+ Gateway WAG160N which automatically stop and also not able to ping IP.
But if i change port or reboot this device and it works again.
Anil Kutke
1 Reply
· · ·
Oct 23, 2009 at 2:46 UTC
akp982 is an IT service provider.
I would check your using the latest firmware


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Everything you need to know about the whole pregnancy journey with advice from experts and other moms who've been there.
From the hilarious to the heartwarming to the latest and greatest parenting topics, we've got parenting covered.
We need to take care of ourselves, too! We've got delicious and easy recipes, the latest fashion and home decor trends, health topics that impact every woman and so much more. So grab a cup of coffee and dig in.
It truly takes a village to raise a child, and we're here for you! Link up with a community of moms just like you and learn about fabulous events in your area plus amazing product giveaways, discounts and more!
How much would it hurt if someone bit you as hard as they could? A lot, right? They'd probably break skin, draw blood and do relatively serious damage. Now imagine how it would feel to be bitten by an animal whose bite is 25 times more powerful than a human's. Yikes! Check out 12 animals with the strongest bites in the world.
(Note: Numbers are based on evidence, estimates and extrapolations. Bite force among animals will always vary from subject to subject.)
12. Dog (325 pounds per square inch)
Dogs may be man's best friend, but they're not to be messed with when on the attack. Dogs turn their powerful jaws on millions of Americans every year, and a small handful of those on the receiving end of dog bites even die as a result. But with the vast amount of physical variation among breeds, there's also not a consistent degree of bite strength in the species. In other words, you'll probably walk away in better shape from a Yorkshire Terrier's bite than a bite from, say, a snarling Rottweiler. The breed that is considered to have the strongest bite of all dogs is the Mastiff, with some estimates putting its bite at more than 500 psi. German Shepherds, Rottweilers and Pit Bulls also have notably strong bites. Letter carriers beware.
Image via Flickr


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Melbourne, Feb 18: Amid concerns over New Delhi's preparations to stage the 2010 Commonwealth Games, Australian officials have laughed off suggestions that Melbourne is on standby to host the event.
The possibility of Melbourne, host of the 2006 Commonwealth Games, stepping in again next year has been mooted with the event now just over 18 months away.
But it was news to Australian Commonwealth Games Association (ACGA) chief executive Perry Crosswhite, The Age reported.
"That's all very interesting because we've never been asked that or even had it indicated to us. I talked to (former Melbourne Commonwealth Games Minister) Justin Madden about it yesterday and he said it would be almost impossible for Melbourne to do it anyway. "The village is gone and everything else," Crosswhite said on Wednesday.
"The only time you've had a Games move was the 1976 Winter Olympics when (Denver) couldn't hold them (over a funding issue) and Innsbruck held them again, but in those days the Olympics was probably a thousand athletes.
"It just wouldn't happen unless there was a security issue, when they'd probably just be postponed rather than move them somewhere else. I just chuckle at those things because it's just not going to happen," he added.
Crosswhite is hopeful that India's vast resources and huge population can make the event in Delhi a success.
The ACGA was informed in Nov last year that venues were behind schedule, but it is hardly a unique issue.
The same problem occurred during preparations for the Athens 2004 and Sydney 2000 Olympics, plus the Melbourne Commonwealth Games.
Crosswhite also feels India is well placed to deal with the current financial crisis.


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Hi. I have been using Retin-A for almost one year now, with the hope it would help with my uneven skin tone and blemishes. I heard Retin-A thins the skin. The skin on my forehead has thinned out a lot and looks wrinkled and awful! I don't see how I can have this problem reversed without Botox. I don't want Botox, I'm only 20!
Can Retin-A Thin the Skin?
Doctor Answers 1
Retin A actually thickens the dermis
Retin A has been studied extensively and its regular use normalizes the statum corneum of the epidermis and thickens the second layer of skin called the dermis. It improves photoaging and diminishes dark spots. Skin dullness is brightened in just weeks. It must be used with a sunscreen daily and I always add an antioxidant to the sunscreen in the morning. I also like peptides or growth factors at night with the Retin A, which can prevent the dehydration of the skin and the barrier disruption that can give the illusion of thinner skin. Using Retin A in your 20's is the best way to PREVENT aging of the skin. I suggest you see your dermatologist.
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These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Hip Hop smiles upon the release of Stable's sequel to Made In Harlem. MIH2 delivers a perfect blend of yesterday's storytelling and lyricism with today's hype and turnt up vibes. With records such as "Pray I Go To Heaven"; "Dear Laura"; "Know What I Been Through"; "Our Lives Matter"; "We Spending" and others. MIH2 is promised to land Stable on the radar of many Hip Hop Heads.
Stable is a dope artist. His newest release (Made In Harlem 2) is a very well put together project. The producers (NY Bangerz, Dopeboyz Muzic, Raphael RJ2, and others) made sure to give him production that matched Stable's passion and wordplay. One of the stand out cuts is "Pray I Go To Heaven". He paints a vivid picture of Harlem with lines like "From the city where you make it or a dead goner. Corridors, crack smoke aroma, growing up seeing girls like Falona. For some red bottoms she'll be a head donor. . .like a notebook, never knew all these lines would make the paper. Kiss my auntie on the cheek and sell a bag to the neighbors." He has the ability to get political ("Our Lives Matter"), and then turn around and become very deep and personal ("Dear Laura"). In "Dear Laura" he says "Back and forth through the system. Hoping somebody is seeing the pain or even listens, never blurring my vision". MIH 2 is a very solid project from a promising artist who shows the world of potential. Hopefully he doesn't take another hiatus and continues to put out great music.