text: Compositional vs. Frozen Sequences Jorge Baptista University of Algarve, Portugal firstname.lastname@example.com http://w3.ualg.pt 1 1. Introduction • Compound words and frozen expressions constitute a major part of the lexicon of any language. • Their definition is not easy, and conceptual and terminological discussions abound in the literature. 2 • Traditionally, compound words are usually defined on semantic grounds using the criterion of non-compositionality, that is, there is a compound word when the global meaning of a multiword expression can not be calculated based on the meaning of its individual elements when they are used separately in the language. • Accessorily, it is also sometimes noticed that compound expressions often present some formal, syntactic (or combinatorial) constraints. 3 • In fact, in many cases, compound words are semantically 'opaque': • you may be surprised at learning that a dog-collar is to be used by people (priests), • and that a dogfight may involve fighter planes and no dogs at all. • It is clear that in some of these word combinations, the form dog is remotely, but still somehow related to a general meaning of the word dog (the animal). • However, in other combinations that relation, although it might be historically explainable, has been completely lost, and the new lexical entry has been formed. 4 • In many cases, compound words are only 'half opaque': • even if you know that a dogfish is a fish, you may ignore what kind of fish it precisely is; • even if you know that a fish knife may be a kind of knife used to chop fish, you may not be able to describe it unless you already know its shape beforehand. • When you speak of an radioactive element's half-life, this means the period of time (life) it takes to loose half of its radiactivy. 5 • Notice also that spelling rules – i.e. the orthographical agglutination of two words or the use of hyphen instead as opposed to the use of a blank separator – are just writing conventions (you do not use neither blanks nor hyphens when you speak!), and cannot be consider an infallible guide to determine if a word combination is a compound or not. • At most, orthography consecrates writing habits, as the variation attested in dictionaries can easily confirm (fish knife/fish-knife; fish finger/fish-finger). 6 • There are many compound words that are (or at least seem to be) semantically 'transparent': • a heavy element is indeed heavy but in a physical and not in an ordinary sense. • When archeologist talk about some date before present, one has to know that present was conventionally defined at 1950. 7 • In many ordinary expressions, like time adverbs, the choice of determinants and prepositions and the resulting meaning are completely unpredictable: at noon but not *at morning in the evening but not *on the evening in the morning but not *in morning by morning but also by the morning (please remember Prof. Machonis' lecture on the distinction between idioms of encoding and of decoding). 8 • Defining compound words based solely on their noncompositional meaning presupposes that it is possible to identify clearly the meaning of individual, isolated words. • It seems like common sense that people usually know what a words means. • However, as M. Gross has often showed, the meaning of a word is inextricably related to the word's syntax, i.e. the words it co-occurs with. • The only way for determining the meaning of a given word is by inserting it in several, different sentences and, by carefully controlling formal changes on those sentences, looking for changes (or invariance) in meaning. 9 • In fact, I expect that most of you may have disagreed on which of the previous examples were to considered 'transparent', half-transparent' or even 'opaque' wordcombinations. • Intuitions about meaning are almost always vague a too imprecise to be used in a reproducible way. • We, therefore, would rather use syntactic, formal criteria to identify compounds, so that, in these examples, we may say that the words are 'frozen' together, even if the meaning of the combination is relatively 'transparent'. 10 • By 'frozen' we mean that two or more elements of the expression do not show any distributional variation. • If we consider the set of time-related nouns (dawn, morning, afternoon, sunset, evening, night), only some of these nouns can appear with a given preposition or with some determiners and modifiers. • This blocking of distributional variation cannot be predicted and the acceptable combinations have to included in the lexicon, therefore they should be treated as compound lexical units. 11 • Every part-of-speech shows both simple and compound words. • For example, word-combinations such as the man in the street could very well be accounted as an indefinite pronoun (similar to everyone): Politicians always cared about the opinion of the man in the street 12 • Usually, many compound prepositions and conjunctions have already been included in current dictionaries: John stopped in the middle of the street John came to Paris by way of Madrid John came to Paris in spite of my warnings against it John came to Paris because of my warnings 13 • There are some (productive?) rules to produce compound adjectives: -like : to be life-like, Algol-like languages -proof : to be (bullet + water + …) -proof • Other compound adjectives are frozen on purely combinatorial ways: John is (sick and tired + *tired and sick) of saying that 14 Moreover, in English, verb+particule combinations forming phrasal verbs, can be considered a especial case of compound verb: John ran (for a mile) John ran away (to Brazil) The batteries are running down John ran into Mary John ran off to Brazil John ran off with a book John's lecture ran on The printer ran out of paper The truck ran over the dog John ran through the entire proceeding 15 • Some compound words can be described in a regularly way, by means of finite-state transducers, as, for example, the (potentially infinite) set of compound numerals: twenty-one, one hundred and twenty-one, twenty-one thousand two hundred and twenty-one … 16 • The number of compound words in a text, particularly in scientific and technical texts, is usually very high. • They constitute meaning units that must be identified as a block and not as a string of simple words. • This becomes even more crucial if one considers that the majority of compounds have an unpredictable overall meaning, that cannot be directly calculated from the meaning their internal elements. 17 • In this lecture, we will focus on syntactic properties that can be used to identify compounds. • Being a major part of many languages' lexicon, the task of retrieving and describing them into dictionaries is not trivial, especially if these dictionaries are meant to be used in natural language processing. 18 • While many statistical methods have been put in place to retrieve compound (or multiword) lexical units from texts, it remains the linguist's task to validate those word combinations as compound lexical units and to build the dictionaries for them. • In order to do this, linguists have to rely on syntactical properties, which can only be done by learning the language's syntactic general rules. • It is only then that linguists can find out the combinatorial constraints on those rules shown by multiword expressions. 19 This presentation is structured in two parts: • first we will present some of the major syntactical properties distinguishing compound nouns from ordinary noun phrases; and • in the second part we will give some examples of how the same methodology can be applied to the identification of compound adverbs. 20 1. Compound nouns. • Probably the most known case of compounding, compound nouns constitute the largest of all compound word classes. • There is a linguistic reason for it: compound nouns must surely represent the larger class of compound words. • In every domain (scientific, technical, political, etc.) there is a constant need for coining new denominations for new objects, tools, concepts, products and so on, the nouns being the most natural POS to accommodate such new designations. 21 • Available lists of compound nouns show that these are formed by sequences of grammatical categories identical to those appearing in ordinary (i.e. not frozen) noun phrases: a nice dog (a dog) / a hot dog (a sandwich) a square table (a table) / a square root (a mathematical function) Adam's orange (an orange) / Adam's apple (a part of the body) (see G. Gross et al. 1986 for a comprehensive typology of French compound nouns) 22 • In view of this formal identity, defining compound words becomes a matter of stating the differences between compounds and free word combinations, especially in the case of non-opaque compounds. • As we shall see, this distinction is not as clearcut as dictionaries and grammars sometimes could lead one to believe. • This presentation will show some of the basic syntactic properties that can help distinguishing compounds from free word combinations. 23 • It is clear from what has been said before, that we have moved away from the strict framework of traditional grammar studies, which place compounding as part of Morphology. • In the Lexicon-grammar approach, compounds are described with the very same tools used to describe the syntax of noun phrases. 24 • In order to identify a compound as such it is therefore necessary to check if that particular word combination shows any constraints to the combinatorial properties that one would expect to find in a noun phrase (NP) formed by the same internal POS sequence (G. Gross 1988, 1989). 25 • This corresponds to describing the grammar of noun phrases and then to compare those syntactical properties to the properties of any word-combination that is a candidate for the status of compound word. • To make things clearer in this presentation, our examples here will consist of already wellknown compound noun. • By analogy, the same methodology can be extended to other, more complex, word combinations. 26 • Let's take the examples square table / square root. In a free NP with the internal structure Adjective + Noun (AN), where the adjective is often a free modifier of the noun, the predicative function of the adjective over the noun is obviously in an explicit paraphrase with relative clause with auxiliary verb be: a square table : a table that is square 27 • This is not the case with the compound square root: a square root : *a root that is square and also with many other compound nouns where we say that the adjective looses his predicativity. 28 Also, adjectives can be further modified by an adverb: a square table : a perfectly square table a square table : a table that is perfectly square but: a square root : * a perfectly square root a square root : *a root that is perfectly square 29 • When the AN combination is free, both the adjective and the noun can vary, provided that basic distributional constraints are respected. Therefore, table can be replaced by other nouns: a square (table + door + carpet + …) in the same way as square can be replaced by other distributionally similar adjectives: a (square + oval + triangular + oblong + …) table 30 • However, when an AN combination forms a compound noun, distributional variation is blocked: a square (root + *twig + *branch + …) a (square + *oval + *triangular + *oblong + …) root 31 • In some cases, the same string is ambiguous. For example, round table can be analyzed either as a free combination or as a compound noun. In this case, only the syntactic environment, i.e. the remaining words it appears with in the sentence may help to disambiguate it: I have bought a round table for my dining room (= a piece of furniture) I have attended a round table on Chinese syntax (= an event) • While in the free AN combination, the noun table is a concrete object that can be purchased, the compound noun designates an event, making it possible for it to appear as a complement of to attend. 32 • Albeit there are many compound nouns that may be ambiguous with free word combinations, usually they are much less ambiguous then simple words. 33 • Usually, in a free NP, adjectives are just facultative modifiers of the noun. They can be deleted without changing the overall meaning of the NP (nor the meaning of the sentence where the NP is inserted): John bought a (E + square) table 34 • However, with some abstract nouns that express predicates and are hence called predicative nouns (M.Gross 1981; see below), the presence of a modifier is often obligatory (Meunier 1981; Giry-Schneider 1995; Laporte 1997): He had an immense esteem for tradition (Henry James, Portrait of a Lady) *He had esteem for tradition *He had an esteem for tradition 35 • When the adjective is not a mere modifier of the noun, usually it cannot be deleted, for it is the AN combination that forms a compound lexical unit. This is particularly clearer with semantically opaque compound nouns: John attended a round table on Chinese Syntax *John attended a table on Chinese Syntax John calculated the square root of 9 *John calculated the root of 9 36 • But in some compounds, even if the adjective is frozen with the noun, it can be deleted. For example, most of the times people calculate square roots, so that in some languages – Portuguese, for instance –, unless otherwise stated, the adjective quadrada (equivalent to square) can be zeroed without any loss of information: O João calculou a raiz (E + quadrada) de 9 (John calculated the (E + square) root of 9) 37 • In many cases, however, the adjective in a compound noun functions as a classifier of that noun, distinguishing a particular type of object: John likes to drink (red + white + … ) wine In this case, the adjective can be zeroed, with some loss of information: John likes to drink (E + red) wine 38 • The classifying function of an adjective can be detected by means of classifying sentences: A red wine is a type of wine NP with free modifiers cannot enter these classifying sentences: *A square table is a type of table • Of course, compound nouns cannot enter these sentences either: *A square root is a type of root 39 • When an adjective functions as a modifier, it is sometimes to see a (usually) small distribution paradigm: John calculated the (square + cubic) root of that value John likes to drink (red + white + … ) wine which is closed for distributional variation: John calculated the (square + cubic + *triangular + *spherical) root of that value John likes to drink (red + white + *yellow + *blue… ) wine 40 • In this sense, AN combinations where the adjective is a classifier can be described as compound nouns. • The extension of distributional paradigm of the classifier adjective can be rather large (acids) and open to the coining of new terms or relatively small (teeth and vertebrae) and closed to further additions: John poured some (ascorbic + citric + nitric + … ) acid into the solution The dentist repaired one of my (incisive + canine + molar + …) teeth John was injured in one of his (cervical + lumbar + …) vertebrae 41 • When one considers the compound red wine, one finds that many toponyms (Ntop) designating wine-producing regions can replace wine: John likes to drink a glass of (wine + Porto + Bordeaux + …) • These combinations can be derived from a deleted occurrence of wine : John likes to drink a glass of (E + Porto + Bordeaux + …) wine • The number of Ntop wine combinations is obviously very large (every wine region, in principle), but one should keep in mind the highly conventional nature of these combinations, which are determined by extra-linguistic criteria. • Extensive lists can be drawn of such combinations, but their linguistic interest is small. 42 • Some adjectives combine in a highly exclusively way with a very short set of nouns (often only one): This noun is inflected in the nominative case • In these cases, the noun of some AN compounds (but not all) allow for the zeroing of the noun, leaving the adjective in a (superficial) noun slot: John prefers to drink red (E + wine) to white (E + wine) The dentist repaired one (incisive + canine + molar +…) (E + tooth) This noun is inflected in the nominative (E + case) 43 • This is probably one of the reasons why dictionaries have classified so many adjectives both as adjectives and nouns (see M. Gross 1998 for further discussion of this subject). However, this is not always the case: John was injured in a (*cervical + *lumbar + …) • or it may depend on the language and the NA involved. For Portuguese, for instance, the reduction of N in this case is observed with some Adj but not others: O João ficou ferido numa (E + vértebra) (cervical + *dorsal + *lombar + *sacra) 44 • A particular case of AN combination involves relation adjectives, i.e. adjectives derived from nouns, such as presidential (from president). • These adjectives never allow the formation of the relative clause, neither the insertion of an adverbial modifier: The presidential address to the Congress <was very disturbing> *The address to the Congress that was presidential <was very disturbing> *The very presidential address to the Congress <was very disturbing> 45 Following M. Gross (1981), we consider that nouns such as address express predicates and are therefore called predicative nouns. Relation adjectives, such as presidential, when combined with predicative nouns, do not function as mere modifiers of the noun. Instead, they are derived from a complement NP: The president's address to the Congress < was very disturbing > 46 • In this sentence, President is interpreted as an argument (in this case, the subject) of the predicative noun address. • This syntactic and semantic relation between the two nouns (President – address) is of the same nature as the relation between a subject and verb, and it has a formal counterpart in the sentence: The President made an address to the Congress 47 • We consider this to be an elementary sentence, where the predicative node is the noun address, which selects its two arguments (President, Congress). • In this sentence, to make is a support verb (Vsup; also called light verb): • it is devoid of meaning and it functions as a morphological tool to actualize the predicative noun, carrying the tense morphemes that the noun cannot express. 48 Now, the adjective presidential can enter many other AN combinations, involving predicative nouns: The presidential campaign <…> However, some of these combinations cannot be analyzed from the reduction of sentences with support verb. 49 In fact, the NP The presidential campaign above is ambiguous for it can be read in two ways: (a) it is 'the campaign that the President is making', and in this case, the NP is equivalent to: The president's campaign <has been extremely violent> b) it is a campaign where many people run for the office of President (and not necessarily the President himself), and in this case the NP can appear in sentences such as: The presidential campaign <takes place in September> Notice that the regularly derived NP cannot appear in this context: *The president's campaign takes place in September 50 It is therefore necessary to study in detail the properties of all AN combinations where A is a relation adjective and N a predicative noun in order to determine if this combination can be regularly derived from an elementary sentence with a support verb or, else, if this derivation is blocked in some way, and has become a compound noun. 51 The next case illustrates a curious type of blocking involving relation adjectives. In English, there is no relation adjective derived from sun or moon, which are of Germanic origin, but instead there is the corresponding Latin adjectives lunar (from luna, 'moon') and solar (from sol, 'sun'). Some of the AN noun phrases involving these relation adjectives can regularly be derived from elementary sentences where moon or sun are the argument of a predicative noun, such as eclipse: the eclipse of the (moon + sun) <lasted 20 minutes> the (lunar + solar) eclipse <lasted 20 minutes> ?*the (moon + sun)'s eclipse <lasted 20 minutes> *the (moon + sun) eclipse <lasted 20 minutes> 52 There are, however, many AN combinations that one cannot derive from moon or sun: the lunar month <lasts 28 days> *the moon's month <lasts 28 days> *the month of the moon <lasts 28 days> *the moon month <lasts 28 days> the solar year <lasts 365,25 days> *the sun's year <lasts 365,25 days> *the year of the sun <lasts 365,25 days> ?*the sun year <lasts 365,25 days> 53 Finally, some compounds show morphosyntactic constraints: while their elements can vary in gender or/and number when used independently, together they do not show any variation. For example, national waters, is always used in the plural, in spite of the uncountable nature of water: They prevented the ship from entering (national waters + *national water) 54 There is a certain degree of institutionalization in compounding. Sometimes several, different structures may be available in the language in order to designate the same concept or object, but the language retains only one of them. For example, the name of the 'machine used to take photographs' might well have been named in the following ways: • photographic machine (AN) • photographing machine (V-ing N, as in washing machine) • photo(graph) machine (NN, as in copy machine) • photographier (N-er, as in photocopier) Instead, it is the simple word camera that is used to name this object. 55 When comparing different languages, one finds out that each may adopt a different strategy, hence: FR: appareil photo (NN) 'photo aparatus' but not : *appareil à photographier (N à V), *appareil photographic (NA) *photograph(i)euse / *photograph(i)eur (N-eur) PT: máquina fotográfica (NA) 'photographic machine' *máquina de fotografar (N de V) * foto-máquina (NN) * fotografiadora (N-ora) In view of these language differences, many dictionaries used in machine translation may have to include some word combinations regardless of its semantic transparence. 56 When describing different types of compound nouns, different syntactic properties have to be used to determine their degree of formal frozenness. These properties are the very same that are used to describe the syntactic relations between the elements of a free noun phrase. Compound nouns differ from free noun phrases in that they do not admit some (or any) of these properties. 57 2. Compound Adverbs. Like for compound nouns, the identification of compound adverbs poses similar problems. Simple adverbs are, for the most part, already included in dictionaries (if we do not consider the adverbs regularly derived from adjectives with suffix –ly: rapidly), but many compound adverbs were just left out or, else, are described as mere expressive word combinations with no particular lexical status. 58 It is usually easy to identify the adverbial status of a phrase, for they can usually occupy the same sentence slot where we can also find simple adverbs: John is reading Shakespeare (now + at this moment) For the most part they are formally identical to prepositional phrases, but several combinatorial constraints hold between two or more of their elements. Usually the resulting overall meaning of the expression can not be calculated from the sum of the meaning of its internal elements. 59 Thus, we find several time adverbs formed with timerelated noun moment: <That happened> at (this + that + the) moment <I was doing this> for the moment <I didn't believe it> for a moment <I did it> on the spur of the moment <I did it> not a moment too soon 60 First, let us notice that the combination of preposition and noun is frozen. If we would replace moment for another, almost synonymous word, instant, most of these combinations become unacceptable: <That happened> at (this + that + *the) instant <I did it> *for the instant <I didn't believe it> for an instant <I did it> *on the spur of the instant <That happened> ?not an instant too soon 61 Several adverbs look like an ordinary noun phrases: One moment John was reading quietly, the next moment he was crying Some of these NP-like adverbs may derive from the deletion of a preposition, while others do not: (At + *on + E) one moment John was reading quietly, (?*at + ?*on + E) the next moment he has crying 62 Notice, again, that current spelling of many simple adverbs denounces their former condition of phrases: John goes jogging (everyday + every night) 63 The determiner of the noun can sometimes present some formal variation, as in: at (this + that + the) moment, for (a + one) moment but it becomes frozen when its replacement involves a clear change in the overall meaning: John is reading Shakespeare for the moment I believed for a moment John that was reading Shakespeare 64 In some adverbs the preposition and the noun may be frozen but the noun allows for the insertion of modifiers: <That happened> at that unfortunate moment <That happened> at the moment we are speaking <That happened> at this (precise + exact) moment Some of these insertions may also be frozen: <That happened> at (this + that + *the) very moment <That happened> at the (last + *first) moment <That happened> *at this (imprecise + inexact) moment or depend on the determiner-modifier combinations involved (for example, a definite article and a relative clause): <That happened> at (*this + *that + the) very moment I was speaking 65 Other constraints on formal variation can be found: John arrived not an moment too (soon + *late) 66 There are some compound adverbs that can be related with simple –ly suffixed adverbs: I had momentarily forgotten how beautiful this country is I had forgotten for a moment how beautiful this country is But in other cases this relation is not possible: John goes jogging (daily + nightly) *John goes jogging (on + at) (every day + every night) 67 Finally, some subordinate clauses function as frozen adverbs: John will stay in his post until hell freezes over (= forever) John will only get my post when hens get teeth (= never) John will only get my post when pigs fly (= never) In these examples, one cannot change any element of the (frozen) subordinate clause. Following M. Gross (1986) concept of extended adverb, subordinate adverbial clauses have a syntactic behavior that is homologous to simple adverbs and adverbial prepositional phrases. 68 Particular cases of frozen subordination are comparative adverbs, modifying verbs or adjectives: John moves like a bull in a china shop (= clumsily) John cried like Magdalen (= very much) The crowd rose to its feet as one man (=together, at the same time) John is as fast as a bullet (= very fast) John is as white as a sheet (= very white) Notice, in some cases, the absence of the first comparative particle: John is deaf as a post 69 Some compound adjectives may have formed from such comparative structures: = John is stone deaf John is deaf (as + like) a stone but other do not admit this paraphrase: *John is post deaf *John is bullet fast *John is sheet white 70 There are several compound adverbs that select (or modify) only a limited set of verbs (or predicates): John (knows + learned + recited) the poem by heart In much the same way, the adverb man-to-man can only modify SPEAK-like verbs: John (spoke + talked) man-to-man to Paul However, there are often many distributional, unpredictable constraints: *John (chatted + whispered) man-to-man to Paul *John gossiped man-to-man with Paul 71 Certain verb-adverb combinations are so constraint that the adverb can only modify a single verb: John heard that (E + straight) from the horse's mouth (= directly from a bona fide source) 72 In spite of the fact that adverbs are facultative modifiers of the verb and can usually be replaced by other, simple word adverbs, these highly constraint word combinations are closer to frozen sentences. Therefore, linguistic description of compound adverbs is not just a matter of showing their internal word combination constraints. It also involves representing the way they interact with the other sentence's elements. In this sense, it is, therefore, not very much different from describing the syntax of simple adverbs. 73 3. Conclusions • The theoretical and methodological framework of Lexicon-Grammar has demonstrated the quantitative importance of compounding in the many languages' lexicon. • Using formal criteria to identify compound words made clear that most of them show an internal POS structure similar to that of ordinary phrases. 74 • Comparing the syntax of free combinations with restrictions on those formal properties proved to be the most correct way identifying compounds without having to rely on vague, imprecise, and irreproducible meaning intuitions. • At the same time, it is the very grammar of the language that comes under scope. • Compounds are not just bizarre word combinations; they are a clue to the languages grammar. 75 • Finally, by adopting a formal, taxonomical approach and by the careful construction of linguistic resources, Lexicon-Grammar enables researchers working on different but related languages to compare inventories and syntactic properties (M. Gross 1984) of simple verbs, compound adverbs (E. Ranchhod and De Gioia 1996) and frozen sentences (Labelle (ed.) 1995). • These comparative studies constitute a solid base towards future machine translation. 76 Bibliography ACL, 2003. Proceedings of the Workshop on Multiword Expressions: Analysis, Acquisition and Treatment. Sapporo, Japan: ACL. Courtois, B. ; Garrigues, M. ; Gross, G. ; Gross, M. ; Jung, R. ; Mathieu-Colas, M. ; Silberztein, M. ; Vivès, R. 1997. Dictionnaire électronique des noms composés DELAC : Les composants NA et NN. Rapport Technique du LADL nº 55, Paris : LADL. Gross, G., 1988. Degré de figement dans les noms composés. Langages 90 : 57-72. Paris : Larousse. Gross, G., 1990. Définition des noms composés dans un lexique-grammaire. Langue Française 87, Paris : Larousse. Gross, G., 1996. Les expressions figées : noms composés et d'autres locutions. Paris : Ophrys. Gross, M., 1984. A linguistic environment for comparative romance syntax. Papers from the 12th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages, P. Baldi (ed.). pp. 373-416. Amstdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Gross, M., 1975. Méthodes en Syntaxe. Paris: Hermann. Gross, M., 1981. Les bases empiriques de la notion de prédicat sémantique. Langages 63 : 7-52. Paris : Larousse. Gross, M., 1986. Grammaire transformationnelle du français. 3- Syntaxe du verbe. Paris : ASSTRIL. Labelle, J. (ed.), 1995. Lexiques-Grammaires comparés et traitements automatiques. Linguvisticae Investigationes Supplementa. Amsterdam /Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Ranchhod, E.; De Gioia, M. 1996. Comparative Romance Syntax: Frozen adverbs in Italian and in Portuguese. Lingvisticae Investigationes XX-1: 33-85. John Benjamins. 77


text:
Thomson loses Hibs captaincy
By Peter ORourke
Last Updated: 01/01/70 1:00am
Hibernian boss John Collins has stripped Kevin Thomson of the captaincy.
Hibernian boss John Collins has stripped Kevin Thomson of the captaincy at Easter Road.
Thomson's future at the club has been the subject of intense speculation in recent months, with the midfielder unhappy with his current contract.
The 23-year-old has been seeking a new improved deal, but Hibs are refusing to meet his or team-mate Scott Brown's demands.
Collins says he has taken the decision to take the captain's armband off Thomson, so that he can focus on his football.
"I think it is important for Kevin Thomson to focus on his own game," said Collins.
"I don't expect any problems with Kevin in the future and the most important thing is that he is on the park.
"I gave him my explanation, which is that I want to release him from anything else other than playing football and he accepted it."
Rob Jones has been awarded the captaincy at Hibs and Collins believes he will do a good job as skipper.
"Rob is my choice because he is a good talker and a good communicator," added Collins.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"Oh, mom." I said, wiping away a few tears. "You didn't."
"I'm sorry, honey. I just had to get them for you." My mom says while wiping a few of her own tears away.
"I l-love them! Thank you! I know he'll love them, too!" Slowly, I unclasp the beautiful necklace and set it down gently on a bare table. Then I turn towards mom and hug her so hard, she grunts. Warmth fills my chest and I smile, loving my life so much.
My mom steps back and grins widely. Then we say our goodbye's and she leaves. I turn and admire the necklace, so beautiful it hurts my eyes. Perfectly round and smooth to the touch, the creamy, white pearls sparkle with gold connecting them together. When mom had arrived, I didn't know she'd come bearing a gift. She surprised me with a black velvet box and with the words 'Make your own traditions', giving me the final missing part I needed to complete my final preparations.
I sit down on the king sized bed and run my hand over the quilted blanket that my grandmother gave me. All of my stuff has either been packed or given away, the only thing that's left is my bed and the quilt on it. I turn my head slightly and then comes the knock I was waiting for. I get up and go to the door, smiling with pleasure.
I open the door and there he is. My heart skips a beat or two and I feel this jolt of electricity run throughout my body. His hazel eyes light up and two dimples appear on his cheeks. He grins and pulls me close to him, enveloping me in his smell. I squeeze almost as tightly as he does and I breathe him in again and again. He nuzzles my neck and makes me giggle.
"I missed you so much. So, so much." he mumbles into my dark brown curls. His hands on my back tighten and I tremble a little bit.
"I love you. I love you." My voice shakes and we press together harder. My knees start to go weak. He kisses my hair, my neck, and then my lips. So soft, we kiss each other and our lips melt together.
My eyes widen and I pull away slightly. He looks into my eyes and nods slowly. Kissing my cheek, he disentangles himself from me and we both walk into my apartment. He looks around and then heads to my bedroom; I follow him.
"It looks just like mine. How empty it is." he says, and as soon as he sits on my bed. "What's that?"
I turn to look at the pearls and smile. "A present."
"From that one guy?" he says, no emotion in his voice.
I go over to him quickly and I start to kiss his face. "No, baby. No, it's from mom."
He pulls me on top of him and smiles under my kisses. Then, he moves me to his side. Startled by the movement, I look at him and his smiling face.
"What's it for?" he questions, smiling wide. I squint my eyes at him and stick out my tongue. I know he's teasing.
"You're so mean." I pout slightly.
"I am not and they're beautiful, just like this one girl I know." his eyes flash mischievously to mine and he kisses my lips.
"Really? Do I know her?" I ask, with slightly wide eyes.
"Mmm, I better go. You are just too much of a temptation for me." he says and slowly gets up. He pulls me up with him and my smile falters for a second.
"Just one more day and we'll be married and living together. One. More. Day." I say, quietly.
"That's right, then I won't have to worry about you being a temptation or anything." hugging me once more, he leaves.
A few days pass; along with the wedding that made both of us glow with happiness. I have a doctor's appointment to find out some results of a couple of tests that I took before the wedding. We go into the doctor's office and he delivers some bad news that I hadn't been expecting. I have cancer, which explains the headaches and blurry vision that have been happening to me. The doctor explains to me how the tumor has grown and connected to my brain. There is nothing he can do, except tell me to live as much as I can.
All this is being explained to me and my mother. My mother cries and I grasp the pearls that hang around my neck. All I can really do is think of his eyes the night of our wedding; how they glowed with love and desire. I don't hear the doctor tell how much time I have left.
Turning to my mother, I tell her what I want to do with the little bit of time I have left. I want everyone to treat me the same and I want to spend as much time with my husband as possible. I want to be buried with these pearls. These beautiful, white pearls that represented so much of the future and happiness that was suppose to come with getting married. I don't let myself show an ounce of emotion until I'm home. I sit on the bare mattress in our bare room that was suppose to be the place where we were finally one in body and spirit.
The door opens and there he is, my love. Our eyes meet and he sees the answer to the unspoken questions. Dropping the groceries, he runs to me and wraps his arms around me. Now I cry, I cry into his chest, letting my tears soak into his t-shirt. He says nothing, letting me cry and weep like all those babies we were suppose to have.
"We were suppose to be that happy couple with a lot kids. We were suppose to be together forever." My hand goes to the pearls I wear around my neck. "This necklace was going to be the necklace that I would pass down to my children. Now, I'm going to be buried in it.."
"Listen, you know I love you. I love you with all my heart. You fill me and consume me. Everyday I think about you and ho lucky I am to have been loved by you. I'm not even letting myself think of a world without you in it. Because I can-", he starts to cry. I will miss him. Miss him so much. I don't want to leave. Not without him. Not without my heart. I hold him tighter and kiss his tears away.
"I don't want to leave you. I love you and I wish this wan't happening. I wish we could grow old and wrinkly together. And-", I let out a sob-laugh "Beat out grandchildren with canes. For some reason that's not happening and I don't want this. I want us." I bury my face into his neck and cry some more.
Together we fall asleep, dreaming of the future we won't have; with the pearls between our hearts.


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Use thumbtacks or rivets to give your pumpkin a glam look this Halloween.
Get the kids involved with this carve-free, glam pumpkin idea. All you need are thumbtacks, a printable pattern or pen.
Poke holes over the pen marks or pattern with a small screwdriver if using rivets, making sure the holes are close enough so the rivets slightly overlap. Insert thumbtacks or rivets. If you're doing a spiderweb pattern, start with a cross (Image 1), followed by an X (Image 2), then finish the rest of the pattern (Image 3).
We love to DIY. You love to DIY. Let's get together.
See the latest DIY projects, catch up on trends and meet more cool people who love to create.


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What do you need for photography?
You need a tutorial: http://digital-photography-school.com/blog/digital-photography-tips-for-beginners/ Answer : you just need good camera and own creativity to take photos... by using both thing ...
Read More »
Do you need a business license for photography in the state of Florida to open a photography studio?
Ask at your city hall licensing department.
What techniqiues do you need in photography?
You need to have the knowledge for you to have the skill. Some techniques like photographic composition, center of interest, subject placement, simplicity, camera angles (eye level shots, high and ...
Read More »
What do you need for a photography studio?
Required: - First of all, definitely a place. Its size depends on what kind of studio (pets, family, or even cars) you want to build. - Camera (digital or film) that can be set to Manual settings ...
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What equipment do you need for photography?
A camera, a tripod, lenses, filters, developing and printing equipment.


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909 Brooks Street Apartments
909 S Brooks St Madison, WI
More Info: Off-street, Garage Available
Just 2 Blocks to Vilas Park and the UW Arboretum! Our apartment homes are set in a quiet residential neighborhood. We're within walking distance of St. Mary's and Meriter Hospitals, the UW Campus, and Edgewood College. Enjoy the hiking, UW Arboretum, beach and many other recreational facilities at Wingra Park and nationally recognized Vilas Zoo. Give us a call today!
Other: Laundry: Coin-operated
Year Built: 1956
Unit Count: 12
Last Updated: 5 days ago
Contact Number: (608) 729-0102
909 S Brooks St Madison, WI
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All Product Details
The away team discovers a city in ruins, covered by dust, utterly bereft of life. Tricorder readings indicate that this is no ancient metropolis—it has been deserted only for a year. And just beyond the citadel lies what appears to be an ancient spaceport . . . a graveyard of ships that have clearly been sabotaged.
With these ruins too far from either the Klingon or the Romulan Empires, the Enterprise crew can only wonder: Who could have done this? And could this unnamed threat now pose an imminent danger to the Federation?
In his almost nonexistent spare time, David enjoys trying his hand at new experiences, from skydiving to auditioning--with his lovely wife, Karen--for "The New Newlywed Game", from hiking a glacier in Alaska to belly dancing in Tunisia, from ocean kayaking in Mexico to having dinner at an actual captain's table somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Recently, he performed his first wedding ceremony--which he and Karen also wrote--marrying their friends Jen and Ryan Van Riper. David believes that the world is a wide, wondrous place, with exciting adventures waiting around just about every corner.
He remains free on his own recognizance.


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Posted on 15 January 2016
- 17:39
The attacking midfielder fired us ahead six minutes into the second half as we put on a good performance to get our Group C campaign underway, although an Atlas equaliser 15 minutes from time meant we had to settle for a share of the spoils.
"There's a feeling that we should have won the game so we're disappointed that we weren't able to go on and get all three points, but there's pride in terms of how we applied ourselves in tough conditions at altitude in the first game of what promises to be a very tough tournament," said Under-18s Coach Kieran McKenna.
"We produced some good bits of attacking play and there were a lot of pleasing things about the performance so hopefully we can build on this in the next game tomorrow."
Playing two 35-minute halves, Atlas were quick out of the traps and got in a couple of early shots – although goalkeeper Alfie Whiteman wasn't really troubled.
At the other end, Edwards and Kazaiah Sterling sped forward on the counter-attack but the former slightly over-hit his pass to the latter and the chance slipped away.
Defender Japhet Tanganga went close with a header from Edwards' corner later in the first period before we took the lead six minutes into the second half. Samuel Shashoua picked up the ball in midfield and turned his marker before sliding in to Edwards, who cut inside and finished well.
We almost doubled our advantage when Shilow Tracey's header from another Edwards cross cannoned off the crossbar but, with centre-back Tanganga down injured in opposing territory having ventured forward for another attack, Atlas went on the attack themselves and equalised with a deflected shot on 55 minutes.
Shortly afterwards, Ryan Loft flicked on Edwards' corner to Shashoua at the back post and he hit the back of the net – only to see his effort ruled out for off-side.
Dylan Duncan went through late in the game but was also thwarted by the assistant referee's flag.
We take on Liga MX side CF Pachuca on Saturday, kick-off 9am local time.
Spurs U18s: Whiteman, Muscatt, Tsaroulla, Owens, Tanganga, Brown, Tracey (Duncan 55), Stylianides, Sterling (Loft 49), Edwards, Shashoua.
25 March 2017
Ben Davies was in action for Wales as they battled out a goalless draw with Republic of Ireland in World Cup qualifying in Dublin on Friday night (March 24).
23 March 2017
With everything changing around our beloved White Hart Lane, we're asking supporters to share with us their memories of the stadium and what makes our home so unique and special.
1 January 2017
Looking ahead and back on events on the same day in years gone by.
View mobile site
© Tottenham Hotspur Ltd 2017. All rights reserved.
All photography copyright Getty Images (unless otherwise stated)


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GERM-263 Weimar Literature and Culture
Fall for 2017-2018
Level V course. This seminar-style course explores the incredible artistic and intellectual vitality of the Weimar Republic, the time between the end of World War I and the rise of National Socialism in Germany. Many of the works of architecture, art, literature, film, and philosophical thought that were created back then remain a standard for us today.
We will read literature and essays, view films and consider artistic developments within the context of three interlocking spheres of experiences that characterize the Weimar Republic. First, we will look at the immediate post-war and revolutionary period with its often messianic understanding of future possibilities and pragmatic approaches to building a republic. Then we will look at the experience of socio-economic upheaval and instability caused by both hyper-inflation and mass unemployment. Finally, we will focus on political radicalization and increasingly violent conflicts within the political system.
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: None
Other academic years
There is information about this course number in other academic years:
More information
Look for this course in the schedule of classes.
The academic department web site for this program may provide other details about this course.


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Barrington boasts math league state champs ... again!
The Barrington High School math team made it four-in-a-row after outscoring nine other high school teams in the Rhode Island Math League state finals on Wednesday night, April 10.
The Eagles, paced by team members Jack Liang, Hans Wang, Sofia Serrano, Cassidy Laidlaw, Matthew Lamontagne and Teddy Ni, finished with 144 points. Second place East Greenwich had 126 points and third place Wheeler finished with 113 points.
The victory helped Barrington cement its reputation as the premier high school math league program in the state and one of the best in the region.
Over the last four years, Barrington has not lost a single math league competition, running its record to an impressive 67-0. The Eagles also own 13 of the 15 state finals titles and a 15-year record of 222-10-2.
"I am very proud of the team," said BHS math team coach Bob Marley, who is also a math teacher at the high school. "These students are extremely talents. They are highly motivated students that perform at a high level in a number of activities — Science Olympiad, computer science team, music and sports.
"I wish they got the recognition they deserve from the public. Unfortunately, our society values state championships in sports more than they do in academics."


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Create eye-catching paper craft, scrapbook, and mixed media projects, using the Studio Calico Seven Paper Amelia Printed Foiled Vellum 12'' x 12''. This pack contains one decorative foiled vellum sheet, perfect for enhancing the visual charm of your creative projects. Use it to lend style and shine to your handmade invites, album covers, journals, gift boxes, envelopes, party favor bags, and more. Team it with coordinating stickers and paper for added visual appeal.
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It's a big game for…
David Ospina: The lengthy absence of ever-present goalkeeper Petr Cech through a calf injury presents his understudy with an opportunity to prove his credentials in the most significant derby in recent history. Ospina has suffered heavy criticism from Arsenal fans but an inspiring performance against their bitter north London rivals would earn the Columbian instant redemption.
Best stat:
Tottenham last finished above Arsenal in the 1994/95 season when the two clubs finished 7th and 12th respectively.
Remember when…
In October 2008 Aaron Lennon's injury-time equaliser capped a stunning fightback from Harry Redknapp's Tottenham to earn a point in a 4-4 thriller.
Player to watch…
Dele Alli: It is no coincidence that Tottenham offered a limited attacking threat for 60 minutes at Upton Park while their young talisman nursed an ankle injury on the bench. His timely return could give Spurs a slight advantage in what is set to be close fought encounter.
Last three meetings:
Arsenal 1 (Gibbs) Tottenham 1 (Kane), Premier League, November 2015
Tottenham 1 (Chambers OG) Arsenal 2 (Flamini 2), League Cup, September 2015
Tottenham 2 (Kane 2) Arsenal 1 (Ozil), Premier League, February 2015
Form guide:
Tottenham: WDLWWL
Arsenal: WWDLLL
Vital information:
Kick-off time: 12:45
TV: BT Sports 1 12:45 and highlights on BBC 1 MOTD at 22:30
- More about:
- Arsenal
- Tottenham Hotspur
- Premier League


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On paper, a 29-0 win might look perfect. For Brookfield East head coach Tom Swittel, his team's victory over visiting Wauwatosa East on Friday night was anything but.
"Far from perfect," Swittel said. "We left way too many points on the field. We had a touchdown called back on an illegal contact, we made a lot of mistakes, and we have plenty of work to do."
And the Spartans' perfect 5-0 record?
"We could lose our next four games," Swittel added. "We have four very, very tough games coming up. The minute we think we're good, we're not. We don't look at our ranking or anything like that."
While the Spartans may not be perfect, they were closer to it than the Red Raiders. The Spartans defense limited Tosa East to 71 yards passing and negative-8 rushing. The Red Raiders defense kept them in the game early, but mistakes and a struggling offense became too much to overcome.
"That's the story of our season," said Tosa East head coach Jake Wolter, whose team dropped to 1-4 and 0-3 in the Greater Metro Conference. "It's not our defense that's losing these games for us. They've kept us in every game, but you can't keep putting them in those positions. It's turnovers, bad punts and giving away short fields. Every score we gave up tonight came on a short field."
The Spartans were led offensively by junior running back Zach Schober, who rushed 31 times for 158 yards and two touchdowns, including the game's first score midway through the first quarter. Schober said the heavy workload started to wear him down late in the game.
"To be honest, I did feel the fatigue a little bit," he said. "We didn't pass the ball much tonight, so I started to feel it a little in the fourth quarter."
But by that point, the hole was too deep for the Red Raiders. Brookfield had built its 29-0 edge by the end of the third quarter and played a ball-control game with heavy substitutions in the fourth.
Defensively, the Spartans were led by 6-foot-4, 215-pound defensive lineman Alec James, who also chipped in offensively with an 11-yard touchdown run and a 19-yard scoring catch. James was relentless in the pass rush all night, utilizing an arsenal of bull rushes and spin moves at the line of scrimmage as Brookfield stymied a passing attack that posted 231 yards against West Allis Central a week ago.
"That's a Division I player," Wolter said. "I'm not looking forward to watching the film and seeing how many times our quarterback had to pick himself up. But I am looking forward to watching that kid play years down the road."
For as dominant as James was, he was equally humble.
"It's never just about me," James said. "It's always our offensive line, they make everything develop. Even on the touchdown run, I really didn't have to do anything at all. The blocking popped it wide open, and I just ran."
After five weeks, the Spartans have proven to be a powerful force. Sitting alone atop the Greater Metro Conference, they have notched four shutouts and have outscored their opponents 195-13.
"We talk about not being complacent a lot," Swittel said. "There's definitely room for us to get better."
On the other side, Wolter was proud of a group that may have been overmatched but was never outhustled.
"We kept getting licked," he said, "but we don't quit. Our kids always get back up."
The Red Raiders seek their first conference win next Friday when they host Marquette (3-2, 2-1), while the Spartans host Brookfield Central (3-2, 2-1) on Thursday night.
More from Sports
- Volleyball: MVC Boys Club team takes third in volleyball nationals
- Wauwatosa Swordfish swim well in two meets
- Football: Milwaukee County Chargers battle elements for win
- Baseball: Seven Wauwatosa baseball players earn all-conference honors
- Wauwatosa West girls basketball coach Ashley Imperiale resigns
- Sports Notes: July 28, 2016
- Wauwatosa school district files lawsuit against WIAA over conference realignment
- Baseball: Michaelis leads Wauwatosa East past rival West in regional
- Football: Milwaukee County Chargers earn overtime win over Muskego
- Baseball: Wauwatosa East's season ends with regional final loss to Waukesha North


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Smashwords Edition, License Notes
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The Jason Cosmo Fantasy Adventure Series
1: Hero Wanted
2: Noble Cause
3:Royal Crush (Coming 2015)
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text:
We already shared with you Yahoo!'s Year in Review and were surprised (OK, not really) to find out that Honey Boo Boo and the Kardashians topped the list. And today, Google, Bing, and Facebook have all put together their year-end lists of the most searched and trending stories of the year...
First up is Google's Year-End Zeitgeist:
Most Searched Movies 2012
2. Prometheus3. The Avengers*
Most Searched Songs 2012
Trending TV Shows 2012
3.* American Idol*
Most Searched TV Shows 2012
6.* Big Bang Theory*
Trending Reality TV Stars 2012
1.Alana "Honey Boo Boo"
Trending Books 2012
10.The Psychology of Wealth
Now let's compare those lists with Bing's report of the top searches of 2012:
Most Searched Person Of The Year
Most Searched Reality TV Stars
Most Searched Movies
Most Searched Song__
Finally, we've got Facebook's Year in Review:
Movies (mentions)
Songs (app listens)
__Anything surprise you? I'm kind of shocked that there's not more crossover between Google and Bing's lists. Also, there's a lot of TV shows on here—Chuck, really?—that I wouldn't have thought would be on here. And I think it's safe to say this is the year of the Honey Boo Boo.


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A/N: hey peoples! This is my first fic eva, so please review cause I still need some encouragement! I'd just like to say a big BIG thanks to Da Hot Currie, I couldn't have done it with you! THANX! Sorry if this sucks or anything, cause I know I ain't that much of a fab writer. So R&R and ENJOY! :D I just updated this chapter..made it a bit better :D
Chapter 1: Graduation
"Gerroff Padfoot"! James complained shoving Sirius' head of his shoulder for the tenth time. Sirius rubbed his eyes tiredly yawning loudly and instead laid his head down on the table. Professor McGonagall looked at him annoyed. "Mr. Black this is very important. Would you please pay attention." Sirius lifted his eyes to look at Professor McGonagall. "I'll try" Sirius said in a sleepy voice. Professor McGonagall turned to look back at the class and Sirius layed his head back onto the desk and was asleep within 2 seconds. "I am sorry for calling you in so very late, but this is-" Professor McGonagall started. "Mr. Black! Wake up!" Her voice screeched, whipping the silent air, making a lot of the seventh years jump a foot from their seats. Sirius slowly lifted his head from the desk, but found that it automatically just dropped down again. "Professor" James called out. Professor McGonagal turned to look at James. "Yes Potter, what do you want?" She asked looking at James, looking like she was about to crack. "Professor haven't you already given us a goodbye and good luck talk?" James questioned, wanting to make his last night in Hogwarts a good one, which definitely wasn't classed as sitting in a class room listening to Professor McGonagall. "Yes I do believe I have, but I must say it was a waste of time." McGonagall answered matter-of-factly. Many of the seventh years looked offended. Though most people now were paying McGonagall a little more attention, wanting to know why she thought wishing them luck was a 'waste of time', Sirius had just started snoring. Professor McGonagall was starting to lose her temper again. "SIRIUS BLACK!" Sirius woke up for a start, "I understand that you have just returned from your traditional grand graduation feast and it is past midnight, but this cannot wait!" Sirius didn't bother to move, besides what different did it make? In a couple of hours he and the rest of the school would be all seated in the Hogwarts Express and would be on their way home. Plus considering that Sirius was in seventh year he probably wouldn't see the school again, let alone Professor McGonagall.
Professor McGonagall continued, not even trying to get Sirius' attention this time. "I know that most of you will not enjoy the task Dumbledore and myself have set you, but we believe it is crucial for your future lives. This assignment will affect your NEWTS results." A few students looked up tentatively, all clearly confused. "Wait a second" Lily whispered furtively to Leisha. Isn't all the NEWTS testing been completed? Leisha shrugged thoughtfully, frowning slightly. James Potter and the Marauders looked plain horrified at the thought that there was still more testing to happen.
But all of the seventh years were thinking something across the same lines…NEWTS testing on their last day, at midnight? Had the teachers lost it!?
"This year group in particular are extremely prejudice when it comes to muggles." Continued Professor McGonagall. By now most of the seventh years were now taking a leaf out of Sirius' book and laying their heads down on their desk. Besides, what task could Dumbledore and McGonagall set for them that they had to finish in a couple of hours? Sirius had already decided to flunk it. How important could it be?
"I wish she would bloody well hurry up and say what the task is already!" James mumbled to Remus groaning.
"Now, now. That isn't the attitude of our Head Boy is it?" Remus smirked. James glared back scowling.
McGonagall turned to James in mid sentence obviously over hearing James' comment. "Well Mr Potter" Professor McGonagal said with a tone of unpleasantness in her voice, "Here's the task. You will all be sent to Australia for two weeks to learn and live like muggles-" The rest of McGonagall's sentence was drowned by uproars and complaints by the seventh years. That one had sure as hell got the attention of Sirius Black, he was wide-awake now looking up at Professor McGonagall in disbelief, along with James. Remus was indifferent and still looking rather sleepy and Peter Pettigrew was squeaking along in protest with the other seventh years.
Lily Evans and her friends were some of the very few not complaining. In fact, Lily was actually a little pleased, her parents had decided to take a trip to France to visit good friends of theirs, during that summer which meant that Lily would only have her awful sister Petunia and her brother in law Vernon for company. This was definitely not Lily's idea of good company over the summer.
By now McGonagall had been able to order silence once again in the room, her mouth was pushed together in a tight line, like it so often did when she was angry, turning a rather pale looking white. "This is disgusting!" Professor McGonagall shrieked, "living with muggles is absolutely essential! Many of the seventh years were looking horrified at the thought. "You must understand this. This was the reason we have set this course for you. I was hoping you wouldn't take it like-" "this" Dumbledore finished from the door way. Everyone quietened almost at once. No one had realised Dumbledore had entered. "Now, now Minerva, you must of known they wouldn't be happy with this news." Dumbledore said to Professor McGonagall. "Yes, yes I did. Sorry Albus."
Looking rather relieved that Dumbledore was there, Professor McGonagall stood up and addressed the seventh years again, "Now." Professor McGonagall continued in a slightly calmer voice. "You will not be able to use magic of any sort under any circumstances-" Professor McGonagall's voice was again drowned by the seventh years who were now standing up and using their remaining energy to bellow their protests as loud as they could. Some of them were even waving their fists in the air out of fury. "She's got to be kidding." James said hoarsely. Sirius looked like he was going to be sick.
Dumbledore was looking at the seventh years rather amusedly, but still put up his hands in order to quiet them down. The seventh years grudgingly obeyed, and turned to listen to McGonagall again, feeling their own tempers rising. "No magic, no wand, no contact with the magical world, understood? You will not take anything with you, other then clothes, and you will all be presented with $5000 worth of muggle money and a manual for those of you who need to learn how muggle currency work. Tomorrow you will be told further instructions in the Great Hall at 11:00. I hope that gives you sufficient time to catch up on your sleep." Professor McGonagall paused and then finally said, "You are dismissed." The seventh years stood up and all sauntered towards the door, suddenly remembering how tired they were again.
The Marauders walked into their dormitory and Sirius finally plumped down onto his bed, exhausted. "What a way to end our last day at Hogwarts" James remarked, drowsily. "Finding out that it isn't our last day after all." Sirius added for him. And with that the Gryffindor boys fell asleep, snoring loudly, not even bothering to change their robes.
A/N: did ya like it? For those of you who read this before I edited it, did you find it better? PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE review! Thanx for reading!


text:
Definition of devotee
: an ardent follower, supporter, or enthusiast (as of a religion, art form, or sport)
Examples of devotee in a sentence
The nightclub is popular among jazz devotees.
a group of religious devotees
First Known Use of devotee
DEVOTEE Defined for English Language Learners
Definition of devotee for English Language Learners
: a person who enjoys or is interested in something very much
: a person who has very strong loyalty to a particular religion or religious figure
Learn More about devotee
See words that rhyme with devotee Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for devotee Spanish Central: Translation of devotee Nglish: Translation of devotee for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of devotee for Arabic speakers
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Addressing his third rally in three states - Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi - Modi termed the Aam Aadmi Party as the "B team" of the Congress.
"There is no place for betrayers in politics. People can forgive mistakes but not betrayals. Based on their experiences, people of Delhi should decide who should form the next government," he said, alluding to the 49-day AAP government.
"AAP first formed government with Congress. They then resigned and handed over the government to Congress through the Lt. Governor. They only want to help the Congress and are least bothered about the country," Modi said at a rally in Shastri Park area of northeast Delhi.
"They (AAP) are not bothered about India's future but want to ensure a Congress victory," he said.
He said the country will forgive mistakes but not fraud. "Such people cannot have any place in politics."
Modi asked people of Delhi "not to repeat their mistake" of voting for the AAP again.
The AAP, which secured 28 seats in the Delhi assembly polls, formed the government with outside support of the Congress. But chief minister Arvind Kejriwal quit after 49 days over the issue of bringing in a Lokpal bill.
Referring to opinion polls that have projected a big win for the BJP, Modi said: "This is the first election where big political experts or voters all are able to tell who will form the next government."
He also said certain political parties were forming alliances to ensure that his party doesn't come to power after the election.
"Neither are they worried about the people nor the future of the country. For the first time, alliances are being formed to ensure that Modi does not come to power. Alliances are being formed to prevent BJP from winning," he said.


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January 25, 1994
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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung
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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung
New Braunfels, Texas
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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - January 25, 1994, New Braunfels, Texas TUESDAYCanyon - New Braunfels boys square off tonight - See Page 7 50 CENTS INSIDE Obituaries........... ....2 C roes word........... ......3 Opinion............ .....4 Stammtlech.......... .....5 Sports Day........... ..7,8 Sl.immtisch Birthday wishes from th* Harald-Zaltung! The New Braunfels Herald-Zeitung extends the following birthday wishes to; Raymond Camreno Sr., Ophelia Abernathy, Katharine Blackford, Margaret Clark, Clarence Davit, Ann For-bit, Bitty Knight, Fred Matthewt, Clo Reynoldt, George A. Lancaster, Eugene R. Wichinski, Teri Balogac, Opie Abernathy, Thereta Worley, Kathy Most, Elite Keoghan (eight yean), Alane Fen, Jeff and Jamie Copenhaver, and happy belated birthday to Randy Vetter (1-24) and Laura Ann Rodriguez (1-24) Sis. Peter & Paul Catholic School set for special week Sis. Peter & Paul Catholic School will celebrate national Catholic Schools Week starting Monday, Jan. 30, with a week long schedule of events including a prayer for peace balloon release, a school quilt project, a big broth-er/big sister picnic, a talent show and a carnival. Democrats to gather tonight at Comal Bowl The Comal County Chapter of Texas Democratic Women will meet Jan. 25 at 6:30 p.m at Comal Bowl. The public is invited. The Comal County Democrats will then meet a 7:30 p.m., also a Comal Bowl. Ruth Poteet finn the Ann Richards campaign will be the speaker. HLS. support group to meet st Flakers The New Braunfels Multiple Sclerosis Support Group will meet Thursday a noon in Finkel's Restaurant. Community Chorale concert set Fab. 6 The New Braunfels Community Chorale will have a concert Sunday, Feb. 6u3 p.m. a the New Braunfels Presbyterian Church. Tickets will be available a Chi na-N-Things in Landa Plaza. JOY Creative Arts Group needs you JOY Creative Arts Group meets Thursday, Jan. 27 a 7 p.m. a the Comal County Senior Center, 655 Landa St., to plan the 1994 Bush talks Texas The group needs actors, actress es, stage crew, and prop workers and mote. Talent and experience not needed, only the desire to be part of the Am. Script wrists particularly needed. Call Jean Heck a 629-4547. I Conservation Society moots st Forks Store The New Braunfels Conservation Society will mea Thursday, Jan. 27 a 7:30 pm. in the Forks Store a Conservation Plaza, 1300 I Church Hi.OU Drive. The public is invited. (The New Braunfels Herald-\2eUung invites Us readers to sub-\mU items to Stammtisch. I According to the Sophienburg {Archives and members af the ] German community, "Stammtisch" represents a sitting .place fir members? the comma-inky to gather and shore the day's I happenings. We invuc you to \share with us.) GOP gubernatorial candidate says he's tough on adult criminals, wants more accountability By ROSE MARIE BASH Staff Writer_ George W. Bush started his keynote speech a the New Braunfels Republican Women's 30th Adversary Dinner Monday night by explaining why a man would give up the "best job in the world"—managing partner of the Texas Rangers—to nm fbr governor. Bush, the son of former President George Bush, is a Republican candidate for Texas Governor. "Why in the world the year we're picked to win the American League West, the year we're opening a fabulous monument to baseball in Texas, with my office overlooking a grass Centerfield, would I want to leave the best job in the world to run for governor?** asked Bush. "Because I love Texas.'* He went on to explain his concern over high property taxes, poor quality education, juvenile crime and the growth of state government. Bush said his platform includes support for entrepreneurs and small businessmen, individual accountability and public policy supporting families. He pointed to public concern about Texas schools, crime, increases in property taxes and the state's leaders as evidence tint a change was called for in the Governor's office. On the issues which he identified as mqjor in his campaign he made specific proposals. "For example, in my opinion, anybody who abandons their family, after due wanting ftom the state ought to have any _______ licenses issued by the state suspended,*' said Bush, referring to individual accountability- "I believe 14-year olds as adults when necessary.** Bush also said he would work to reduce the Texas Education Agency power to regulate local districts. Asking for support from the group, Bush was disarmingly charming when - he related a personal family conversation 'I'm kind of hard on tho adult criminal because I believe most of them are beyond rehabilitation. Build the beds and get them out of our hair.' about his chances of winning. "When I called my mother and told - George W. Bush her i was going ■' ■ to mn for Gov- before any child goes on welfare the mother must identify the father. People must be responsible for their individual behavior. "I'm kind of hard on the adult criminal because I believe most of them are beyond rehabilitation. Build the beds and get them out of our hair. I do believe we can save our kids. We need to rewrite the juvenile justice code, build detention camps, make sure that any 18 year old kid anight carrying a gun with hunting exemptions immediately goes to a detention camp for one year and the gun is destroyed, and try emor of Texas, in typical bold way she said, 'you can't win,"' said Bush. "I said 'obviously you haven't been living here in the state of Texas.' She believes I can win now, she's been talking to her neighbors." And, following a reference to the probability that he would get all of "Claytie's votes," Bush said he would be smarter than Clayton Williams, however. "I'm going to shake her hand" he said. Bush ended his twenty-minute address on an inspiring note—"What Texans can dream, Texans can do." Hermki-Zeitung photo by JOHN HUSETH George W. Bush spoke to a full house et lest night*t New Braunfels Republican Women Club's 30th Anniversary Dinner. City to move ahead with airport land condemnation By JENNIFER ROMPEL Staff Writer New Braunfels City Council members approved a resolution Monday night authorizing the city to move ahead with condemnation proceedings in order to acquire 14.82 acres of airspace at the end of a runway at the New Braunfels Municipal Airport However, negotiations for the airspace are continuing. The airspace is owned by the Marvin Westmeyer and Wayman Krueger families. The airspace is needed in order for the city to receive a $1.4 million grant from the federal government. The grant will be used for airport improvements and the acquisition of the airspace. "I think we are real close in negotiations," said Mayor Rudy Seidel. 'I think we can make a settlement. Because of the time element we have to start the proceedings. We hope to come up with a compromise before the proceedings begin." 'The Kruegers and the Westmeyers are very reasonable and want to be cooperative. They still want to have the peace of mind to know their residences aren't going to be moved," he said. Nancy Krueger, Marvin Westmey-er's daughter, asked the council to table the matter until the negotiations were completed. "It is difficult to make an important decision in only IO days that will affect us and our children for the rest of our lives," she said. Curtis Saur, who also lives near the airport, urged the council to remember the heritage surrounding some farm and ranch owners in the area. 'To us, it's like a game of Pac Man - a little bite here, a little bite there and then it's gone," he said. Airport Advisory Board Chairman Ed Goerges asked the council to move ahead in order to prevent any delays in obtaining the grant. "lf, for any reason, there is a delay HeraH-Zaitung photo by JOHN HUSETH Veronica Sarkozl, city secretary, administered the oath of office to newly-elected city council member Mary SerokJ during lee! nlght'e city council meeting. in the time frame, we as a city can lose every bit of that fonding," he said. Goerges explained to the council that 92.5 percent of the funds will be used for maintenance and to rebuild existing facilities. "We need to come to a peaceful, nice solution," he said "This has to be a win-win situation. All sides must be considered in this." The motion to approve the resolution was made by council member Jan Kennedy and was seconded by coun cil member Chris Bowers. District 4 council member Paul Fraser and District 2 council member Mary Serold voted against the resolution. In a related matter, the council approved a resolution asking for a variance for the Krueger's and Weft-meyer's home should New Braunfels need to acquire land in the Alture. The variance must be granted by the Federal Aviation Administration NBPD officers confiscate cocaine, arrest two people By JENMPIR ROMPS L Staff Writer New Braunfels police officers confiscated IO grams of antiae and arrested two people in a drug bust that occurred Sunday night According to Capt. Ray Douglas, of the New Braunfels Police Department, a search warrant was issued for an apartment at 241 Seville Street in New Braunfels. Police officers arrested Robert Gomez, 23, of New Braunfels on charges of possession of cocaine less than 28 grams and Charles Richard Canon, 29, of Geronimo, on charges of possession of marijuana less than two ounoes. "This anda several weeks of surveillance and undercover work," said Douglas. Douglas said the IO grams of cocains confiscated was "pun" and is estimated to have a street value of $8,000 to $10,000. He said some of the cocaine was divided into smaller plastic bags indicating it might have later been sold. No drug paraphernalia was found at the home, he Mid. The raid of the home ens conducted by officers from the criminal investigation divirion, patrol, oanins unit and narcotics unit. The warrant was issued by Justice of the Peace RO. "Doe" Blanchard. Both stupa** were taken to the Comal County Jail. Gomez's bond was set et $7,500. He posted bond on Monde; uomez'i Dona was aet at 37,m He posted bond on Monday. Canon's bond was ast« $300. He posted bond Sunday. He is aln 1 Joann Helmke rings to eed down. Bob Byxbee during the production of "Under the Big Top'' at Sunday nlght'e annual Dinner With the Alta avant, hold at tho New Braunite CMO Center. warned on a warxira for theft by ohsck in Guadalupe County. Bood in th* case Is $1,000 LCRA tests reveal high contents of _ in park soil By JENNIFER ROMPEL Staff Writer Recent testing by officials from the Lower Colorado River Authority resulted in the discovery of higher than normal concentrates of arsenic in rite sofl around tire old LORA building and in areas of Landa Park. New Braunfels Mayor Rudy Seidel informed citizens of the situation during Monday's city council meeting. "It is nothing to be alarmed about They will be taking tests and keeping it under control," said Seidel. "There has been no arsenic found in the water, jute on their particular property," he said. Seidel said the arsenic is the result of years of bunting coal and oil and from pesticides and herbicides used when people planted cotton in this area. LCRA Spokesman Bill McKan said testing had been conducted because of recent inquiries from people interested in using the building. He said heavy elements such as chromium, cadmium, barium and arsenic were found tt the rite. "Wa informed state and local officials and did a sampling in a one-half mile area of the rite. We found amnic there as well," ha Mid. "We don't know the Rteciflc source but over decades there has been application of hetbicidaa, pesticides and defoliants for agricultural uses. Some of these use arsenic," he said. McKan said similar amounts of arsenic have been found in other trees oftha state and tbs country where coe-ton bu been grown. "It doesn't necessarily mean it's dangerous. Weju* informed tbs officials of New Braunfels of what we believe may ba a decade-old prob> lam," ha said. McKan said officials have asked if there is way to However, ha said that in similar areas i of arsenic has not been determined to be a health heard. He explained th* arsenic is the 20di mo* abundant element in the Barth's cm*. COUNTDOWN! 424 DAYS AI .. But WwW DVaUfirVli Sesquicentennial March 21,1848 March 21, ISM New Braunfels 10 Payee in one eeotion ■ Tueeday, Jan. 25,1094Herald -Zeitij^ n. 28,1094 Serving Comal County for mort than 142 yatrt ■ Horn* of EU8E KBOOHAN IVO). 142, No. 80Looking for a bargain? See the Herald-Zeitung Classifieds ;
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Larry (disambiguation)
18,991 articles beingAdd New Page
edited here
edited here
Larry may refer to:
- Larry Burns, son of Mr. Burns.
- Larry Kidkill
- Larry (barfly), one of the barflies in Moe's Tavern.
- The Larry Davis Experience, a band.
- Larry the Lamb, a toy lamb.
- Larry (SNPP), the retired security guard.
- Larry (driver), the driver of Bus Route 22A.


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Voltron 30th Anniversary Board series featuring Steve James. Filmed by Blake Johnston – Music by Trip Lee.
FINESSE-VOLTRON COMMERCIALJanuary 2nd, 2015
Voltron 30th Anniversary Board series featuring Steve James. Filmed by Blake Johnston – Music by Trip Lee.
NEAL MIMS GUARDIAN MODELDecember 7th, 2014
Keep a look out for this New Neal Mims Guardian Model
FINESSE-VOLTRON BOARDSNovember 1st, 2014
Finesse-Voltron boards in stores now! Do not Sleep on these boards! Thanks everyone for the support!
LA YOUTH SKATE TRIPNovember 1st, 2014
Last month We partnered up with the NAZ & ROCK youth ministries for a LA Skate trip. Gotta support the youth!
VOLTRON 30TH ANNIVERSARY EVENTSeptember 24th, 2014
We had a awesome time being a part of the Voltron 30th Anniversary event held at the Bait Store. Thanks for all the support guys!
VOLTRON 30TH ANNIVERSARY SKATE DECKSSeptember 8th, 2014
We teamed up with the Voltron Group to produce these Limited Edition Skate Decks. All decks are produced & hand marked in limited runs for Voltron's 30th Anniversary! Available at Fine retailers now!
CORDANO RUSSELL HAS FINESSEAugust 25th, 2014
Cordano Russell has Finesse! This Lil 10 year old has big tricks! The humble beast!
MATT ERLANDSON HAS FINESSEAugust 18th, 2014
Matt Erlandson doing a clean nollie flip shot by: Scott Morton
CHRISTIAN FLORES PQ SKATEPARK ATTACKJuly 23rd, 2014
Christian Flores takes on the New upgraded PQ Skatepark. All tricks done with style & Finesse! Filmed & Edited by Eddie Martinez aka Eddie $$
CHRISTIAN FLORES AT PQ SKATEPARKJuly 23rd, 2014
Christian Flores putting down a Backside Kickflip at Pq Skatepark. Shot by Eddie Martinez.


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Meet Stargazey's Magic Man; AKA Merlin. He is our first foal for the 2017 season, and my is he a stunner! He is by our resident stallion Stargazey…No Price Listed
Stargazey's Romance De Lune Noire is our wonderful little solid black filly out of our imported purebred black Irish Draught Stallion Stargazey's Romance…No Price Listed
Meet Stargazey's Merry Night Sprite; AKA Puck. He is our second foal for the 2017 season, and my is he a stunner! He is by our resident stallion Stargazey…No Price Listed
Meet Stargazey's What's It All About; AKA Alfie. He is our fourth foal for the 2017 season, and wow look at those legs! He is by our resident stallion…No Price Listed
Jenny is a gentle little pony, and has been trailered, groomed, haltered, leads, easy to catch, social, and easy keeper. She has been driven over a…No Price Listed
Murphy is a wonderful traditional Haflinger who has been there and done that. Murphy has been with us since he was a foal, and was started under saddle…No Price Listed
Meet Stargazey's B.B. King who we call BB for short. This little colt is a sweet natured easy going A Size Grulla Miniature Horse who has the kindest…No Price Listed
This DNA Tested 32" Blue Eyed Black and White stallion is a perfect gentleman, great conformation, and is already showing great promise as a driving prospect…Stud Fee: $400


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Tolsdorf recognized in white coat ceremony
Alexandra Tolsdorf of Crestwood was one of 27 students in the Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies (MSPAS) program at University of the Cumberlands (UC) recognized during a White Coat Ceremony on April 28.
The South Oldham Rotary foundation donated $5,000 to the Oldham County Board of Education for Crestwood Elementary School for the Ann Stevens Gazebo. The gazebo groundbreaking ceremony was April 25. The outdoor classroom will be completed this summer.
Strong Leadership Strong Women 2017 will be held on Friday, May 12, from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. and will focus on the strength of women diversity in business. In its seventh year, this conference, themed "We Are One" celebrates the unique accomplishments of women of all ages and life stages.
The United States Postal Service recently released its statistics on mail carriers who have been bitten by dogs. The city of Louisville ranked fifth in the nation for dog bites, which is very high.
Dogs are supposed to be man's best friend, so why all the dog bites?
5k will benfit Ballinger family
A Run4Tristan 5k will take place on May 13 from 10 a.m. to noon at the Oldham County High School track.
Oldham County farmers markets are opening for the 2017 season. Asparagus is one of the early-season crops many of our local vendors will have available.
In May 2016, 17 Oldham County Master Gardeners passed their exams and began volunteering throughout the community.
Paula State, of Crestwood, spearheaded a gardening project in the courtyard of Friendship Health and Rehab in Pewee Valley.
Copyright © 2017
The Oldham Era is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Oldham County and LaGrange, Kentucky, and the surrounding area.


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The Basics of Guitar Lesson
Playing and learning how to play the guitar is a fun thing to do because it is somehow interesting to play the guitar because you get to play your favorite music and you get to sing along with it too with your friends and family. Through the technology that we have today, there are now various ways on you can be able to play the guitar and through your resourcefulness you can be successful in playing the guitar either on your own or when you hire a classical guitar teacher calgary to teach you.
The important thing that you have to do when you want to learn the guitar is you have to study first the strings of the guitar and you must also feel it so that you would know the different tune of the strings. When you first strum the strings of the guitar, it is important for you to number or label the strings with number so that you can be able to hear the tunes or tones of the guitar while you are plucking the strings.
In order for you to play the guitar properly, you must be able to know the tune of each strings and you must be able to use the right finger to press the strings to produce a sound that you would want to play and to hear. When you are practicing the guitar, you must learn first the basic C chord because this is the fundamental note and tone that you have to master before going to any note or string.
Aside from studying the C chord, you can also start to learn the low notes going to the high notes so that you can start to learn and to play some kind of music while you are practicing your guitar or this instrument. The F and G chords must also be studied aside from the C chord to create variety of sounds that can be helpful in your guitar lessons calgary so that you be flexible in playing the various kinds of music using the guitar as you learn it.
It is nice to know that they are many music that uses the guitar as one of their major instruments and this is an honor for you play the guitar as well when there is an event that needs it. Learning the guitar us one thing that you can excel and become interested in because it is a relaxing thing to do and at the same time you are learning a new instrument that you can learn for the rest of your life. Find a good reference here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar_chord.