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Ask a QuestionHere are the questions asked by community members. Read on to see the answers provided by the ThriftyFun community or ask a new question.
How do I clean a very dirty toilet?
By Val
This sounds really strange but to clean from the water line down empty a bottle of Coke in it over night, don't know how or why but is works!
20 mule team Borax, leave it sit over night on the stain (turn the water off if necessary so the bowl doesn't fill) If the stain has lime or hard water deposits, scrub with a pumis stone. I own a cleaning company and have tried it all, this has never failed me and I don't worry about fumes building up or acids eating through the pipes on older plumbing.
Okay, thank goodness I came across this. I tried the suggestion of 20 Mule Team Borax (powder) and a pumice stone from Thenicholas3. Both can be purchased from Walmart. I purchased the heavy duty pumice stick which cost only $1.88 instead of the Revlon pumice stone for women :).
Emptied out the bowl of water, poured in the borax, left it overnight, and just pummeled it with the stick. By golly, the stain got removed. It was bad. It was like a perpetual streak mark. It was on the very bottom of the bowl left that accumulated because of unflushed urine.
Hooray for Borax and pumice.
I have to say thank you to ALL who advised a pumice stone. I have 4 boys in my house and let's just face it, my toilets are horrific. have been trying to take out all the nasty grunge from my toilets for quite some time now with no success. I've used all kinds of expensive products because the mindset is that the more expensive, the more likely it is to work... Not so much.
After reading these responses I quickly headed to the nearest Wal-Mart, found the pumice scouring stick and grabbed some lime away. Spent about 5 bucks! Came home and tried it without even letting it sit. Worked wonders! My toilet looks amazing! All the brownish black crusty grunge is gone! I promise you, anyone in the same toilet nightmare, this works! I'm headed to my teens toilet upstairs. It's the worst one. I leave it to him to clean and all these years of cleaning his bathroom, the toilet is neglected.
So wish me and my pumice scouring stick luck! I'll post before and after pics when I'm done. Again, thank you thank you!
If it has sat for a long time, this will fix the problem but you have to be very careful.
Watkins makes Hydrocloric Acid tub and tile cleaner, and it's the kind that professional cleaners use.
However, and I am not kidding, use gloves, a mask and eye goggles. Flush the toilet, and as it's going down, turn off the water underneath.
The closer the bond between this cleaner and the actual surface the better. Spray it on, spread it around onto the surface, then get out of the bathroom and turn on the fan. Come back in 10 minutes and turn the water back on. Most likely you will have to flush several times, but it's the most caustic but effective cleaner I have ever seen.
I used some to get very old water and urine stains from the toilet and tub, and got a little on the older style (70's trailer) enclosure and it took the pattern right off!
So, use it sparingly and with great caution. Good Luck.
We had a house fire a few years ago, and the house sat empty for almost a year. The toilet was disgusting! I tried everything! I discovered this: Block the hole so the water stays in the toilet. An old rag in a waterproof plastic bag will do, if you stuff it in the hole really tightly. Make sure it doesn't go down though! Fill the toilet, using a pail, with warm water right to the top...drop in 3 or 4 denture cleaning tablets. Swish them around gently so the whole bowl is in contact with the denture water, and let it sit for a whole day. Swish out the bowl with a toilet bowl scrubber and remove the blocker. You may have to repeat this a couple of times. My bowl came out sparkling clean!
Ok, I had to clean one a couple of years back that looked like it had never been cleaned. This lady I used to work for told me about this and now I have one. Go to Walmart, I think I saw them over there. Get a natural pumice stone on a stick handle and it'll take off all the brown grunge and stuff and make your toilet look brand new!! I couldn't tell that it scratched it all!! But I figured if it did, scratches are better than grunge any day.
I too am having this toilet problem because I care for a schizophrenic guy and he never flushes the toilet. He had a brand new toilet get like this within a month. I think it's a combination of hard water and never flushing as well as I only clean for him once a month. I have tried many things. It seems that SOS pads work but only to a certain degree and with a ton of scrubbing. The coke thing didn't work but I think I didn't leave it in long enough. I am going to try alka selzer/denture cleaner/pumice stone on astick and something called "the works" from walmart. Thank you for all the great advice! Portland Oregon
Let me just say that I have the step-children from hell! They have their own bathroom, and they never flush the toilet. After 3 years of this foolishness (and my husband really not giving a damn), I went to work on this crime scene toilet. For whatever reason, I couldn't empty the bowl completely using the tips I read about, so I poured a big stock pot of boiling water in there. That made the water go low enough. Then I went to work with my pumice stick. Prior to me getting the toilet like brand new in 10 minutes with the stick, I used bleach, kaboom, and the works and scrubbed for several hours...didn't budge. My $2 pumice stick worked miracles!
a good way to get the water out of the bowl is to force it out with the toilet brush. just push push push it down. it won't come back in until you flush it.
ThriftyFun is one of the longest running frugal living communities on the Internet. These are archives of older discussions.
I have a rental house that the renters moved out of and the toilet is awful. I have scrubbed and scrubbed, but it has so much lime or whatever is built up I can't make a dent. I don't want to replace the toilet at this time. Any ideas?
Momcann from MO
What I had to do is scrape the calcium out of the toilet using a tiny scrapper it took a while, but came out clean. Calcium is built up because of hard water, so get some pellets and use them and it shouldn't happen as long as you use the pellets. Good luck.
By Barbie143
I have a rental house that the renters moved out of and the toilet is awful. I have scrubbed and scrubbed but it has so much lime or whatever is built up I cant make a dent. I don't want to replace the toilet at this time. Any ideas?
Momcann from MO
The best cleaner I have found for the toilet is The Works. I buy it at either the Dollar Tree or Walmart. Is is very inexpensive and it cleans like nothing else I have found. I have a rusty water problem at my home. I just apply The Works and wait a couple of minutes run the brush around and it is gone. If the bowl is really bad I will use a bucket of water to flush down all water in the bowl so the cleaner goes directly on the bowl and isn't diluted by the bowl water. (03/01/2006)
By dpcw
My sister's toilet in their "shop" was so bad it was just about black from the build-up. It's the kind of bathroom that rarely gets used (they lived in the shop while building their house a few years ago). Anyway, I took my Watkins Toilet Bowl Cleaner (professional strength) and did a test with it using that toilet. It was absolutely unbelievable. It looked like new when I got done.
By Trudy P.
Try a product called lime-away if it is lime. If not there is a strong acid, forgot the name but any hardware store will be able to tell you the name. I always cleaned the comode at a new house with this acid, but use gloves as it is extremely potent. (03/01/2006)
By Sylvia S.
We have rentals, too, so I know what you're talking about! You will take a chance doing this, but if nothing else works, use some drain opener. Carefully pour it in the bowl full of water, swish it around and let it sit for a few minutes. This has cleaned absolutely black bowls and we've never actually cracked one. The sulfuric acid gets hot, which can cause the problem. This is a last resort thing because if it cracks. you'll end up replacing the toilet anyway.
Good luck. (03/01/2006)
By Nancy in MO
I agree with the suggestions for using the strong cleaners. However, if those do not work, you can try a pumice stone. I buy mine in the cleaning section at Wal-Mart. They are great, and very effective at removing stains from a commode. You just scrub the sides of the commode and it usually does the trick. (03/01/2006)
By fab4mom
Go to Wal-Mart or a store that has a good selection of bathroom cleaning supplies and look for a package that says "Pumie Scouring Stick". This is a Pumice stick. Wet the edge of it in water and then rub the edge of the stick on the stains. All the directions are on the back of the package. The product is made by the United States Pumice Co. The stick is also good on ceramic tile and porcelain, masonry, concrete and iron. You can even use it to clean barbeques. Nothing and mean NOTHING will work close to as good as this. I have tried them all.
Kenny G. from Gulfport - Home of Katrina
Good Luck. (03/01/2006)
Have you tried CLR? Its sold in the cleaning section of the store..
I use Comet cleaner to clean my commode. Whatever you decide to use, let it set and the chemicals will do the work.. (03/01/2006)
By Carol
I have been told that pouring a whole can or more of coca cola into the toilet, let it sit for a few hours and it will come clean. (03/01/2006)
By June Dixon
Whatever you do don't use an SOS pad. I did and my bowl was left with a dark grey ring from the abrasive scrubbing. I started out with a problem with hard water ring. RA (03/01/2006)
Empty the water out of the tank. Take some old white cloths or white paper towels soaked in white vinegar and fill up the toilet bowl with them and let them sit for three or four hours and then clean with a toilet bowl cleaner. (03/01/2006)
By toehead
Vinegar...Lots...overnight. Won't hurt anything. (03/01/2006)
By Juanita
I also use The Works to clean toilet bowls and it's wonderful. (03/02/2006)
By hwalz
I agree with the other posts - a pumice stone is the only way to go to get the really tough buildup and stains - put on some gloves first though - I get mine at Wal Mart also. (03/02/2006)
By Starlight
The Works! It's an inexpensive toilet bowl cleanser usually found at Wal-mart, Dollar General, just about anywhere. It used to do WONDERS on our toilet on the farm with rusty well water. It does half the scrubbing for you - but I don't find it as miraculous now that I'm on "city water" - good luck.
slw (03/02/2006)
By slw1299
We had awful calcium (brown & hard),build up in our toilets, from hard water. "Lime Away" did not work. Scrubbing with soft screen did not work. I used "The Works" very affordable at Walmart. And let is soak for about an hour during which time, I would scrub every now and then with the toilet brush. At the end of the hour, the brown calcium stain just came off in pieces and fell away. I don't want to sound like a commercial, but, "The Works" is great. (03/02/2006)
By Glinda
Turn the water off at the back of the toilet, then flush, this will empty the toilet.
Use "bathroom cleaner plus" from Amway.
I am not a dealer, someone gave me a bottle of this and I never use anything else.
Works better than CLR or lime away. (03/02/2006)
By PICO
I have heard a pumice stone works good. (03/03/2006)
By chaingang
We just bought our home in the country and we do not have city water, our well is sulphur water since they apparently went too far while drilling. The result is a high sulphur content that turns everything a deep nasty yellow color and over the period of maybe a week, it will cake on like nothing I have ever seen! The ONLY thing that gets it clean, with no scrubbing and minimal bathroom closing time is Sno Bowl.
I simply had to flush the water out of the back after turning the toilet off and soak the back in the Sno Bowl, then turn the water back on and flush a few times. It all went down the drain. Now I just use the sno bowl every few days and it keeps it all clean. I use it on the tub, sinks, and washer also. It is amazing how quickly and how well it works! (05/22/2006)
I find that concentrated Phosphoric acid works a treat. Try not to spill any on the carpet, though. (07/30/2006)
By Vambo
Spirit of Salts from your hardware shop. Put in two cups, close the lid of the toilet and let it sit for an hour. Repeat if necessary, and flush afterward. Make sure that you ventilate very well, Spirit of Salts is HIGHLY CORROSIVE and very dangerous. I had the same problem and it worked for me - the toilet looks like new! (07/30/2006)
By gurth
THANK YOU to those that suggested using a pumice stone! My toilets have had rings for years and i tried every product out there, and nothing would remove them. The stone cost me 2 bucks and it came right off! I could not believe it! Thank you Thank you Thank You! (11/01/2006)
By malina
Pumice stone? Who'd have thought. My toilet is like new~~thankyou ~~thankyou~~ (02/24/2007)
By Bel xx
I don't know if the previous homeowners just let the house sit without cleaning the bathrooms or what? But I've been trying for the past 9 months to get rid of the hard water stains in the toilet. I read everyone's comments. I slipped on my gloves, and starting scrubbing with the pumice stone. It works wonderfully! (07/14/2007)
By Jaye
Taking the majority of advice here, I went to WalMart and picked up The Works cleaner and a Pure Clean Bathroom Cleaning Block (a light blue pumice stone with a sponge top). Both products were in the same aisle, so easy to find. But I got to thinking if there was something stronger than "The Works" ... after all, WalMart usually has a hardware section.
So I cruised over there and found a bottle of Lime Out Extra and got that instead of The Works. Wow! All I did was squeeze some of the Lime Out Extra into the bowl and let it sit for an hour or two, then came after it with the Pure Clean pumice block. The toilet looks so brand-new, i'm going to get Pure Clean sticks for the sinks, too! (08/05/2007)
By tiktak
I found shaws pads on the internet. Shawspads .com I could not believe the results! It is also "GREEN" (08/06/2007)
By Jackie
I've tried them all
Lime Away & CLR are weak demineralizers. Not effective on heavily stained toilets, forget any lime/calcium removers for this job.
The Works is good, but not as good as Sno Bowl
Watkins is on a par with Sno Bowl, its environmentally friendly but costs twice as much
Any HCl cleaner is very good, but DO NOT leave it in the bowl very long because it will etch the porcelain
Any Phosphoric Acid cleaner is very good, not as strong as HCL but won't damage the bowl. Look for strength of at least 20% (25% is best)
Finally, use a pumice stone for rings or tough spots (09/14/2007)
By Meta99
For cleaning mineral buildup: try "hardware cloth" instead of a pumice stone. A small piece will go where the pumice stone cannot and it's much cheaper. (12/30/2007)
By Sylvia
I had build up in my toilet that nothing seemed to touch. Went to Walmart, bought some really cheap denture cleansing tablets, crushed 4 of them in a mortar and pestle, dampened the upper bowl with a toilet brush, sprinkled on the crushed tablets then dropped a couple more in the bowl. Wait twenty minutes and flush. I now have a dazzling white toilet that smiles at me! (02/06/2008)
By Alice J.
I had exactly the same problem. I tried all of those other items and none of them worked...UNTIL I purchased Zep's Professional Strength Calcium, Lime & Rust remover at Home Depot for about $5. The hydrochloric acid in it knocks it out...quick! Just drain your bowl and pour it in. Within 10 mins. this hard caked-on crap was gone. ZERO scrubbing!
By alcorn1871
Try Easy-Off BAM Multi-Surface Power Toilet Cleaner; I haven't found anything yet that it won't clean! (07/02/2008)
By pjm
Consider this: all those chemicals listed above that you described as "very corrosive" have been turned loose in the environment. They're all poisons. Their use is irresponsible. Stick with the pumice stone and a bit of baking soda.
By Jane W.
VINEGAR Kills Lime, mold and dirt.
The vinegar smell goes away in a day or less. (07/18/2008)
By Myshka
I clean empty apartments before the new tenants move in. I use a toilet cleaner called "Works". It is like an acid and gets out just about everything especially the lime and hard water build up. It will foam up and eat it away. Just don't breathe it in, it is very strong. I get it at Walmart for $1.12! Works great.
Shelly (07/31/2008)
By Shelly
I would try using NeverScrub. I posted one earlier and it has helped. You can try purchasing one at www.neverscrub.com
I just realized they have a scrubfree which is NOT neverscrub. I would stick with the original. (10/20/2008)
By Alisa
I just tried the CLR to get rid of a ring around the toilet and it didn't work, except to burn my hands. (10/25/2008)
By aztraveler
I will share my miracle with you all. I use a "lady's aid " Pumice Scouring Bar. I buy them at Alco's but i have seen them in other stores. Walmart used to carry them, but I haven't seen one there for awhile. You might check any discount store or even a grocery store. They work miracles on the heavy limescale. We have very hard well water. The bar as you use it kind of denigrates. They are cheap, only about $2 or $3. (10/31/2008)
By popeyesgal
I used "Works" also and it worked when I thought I would never get my toilet cleaned again. It costs $1.00 at Wal Mart and I am going back to get four or five more bottles. It is just amazing. (12/22/2008)
By Marcy
How do you clean a toilet after an sos pad was used? It now has a dark area, and not sure how to remove it, or can it be removed?
By Anita
Wow! Thank you to the people who posted comments about how to get those ugly brown, unsightly stains off the toilet bowl. I went to Walmart and bought The Works and I also bought an Earthstone BathroomStone. First I very carefully poured A LOT of The Works in the toilet bowl and let it sit for awhile. Then I carefully scrubbed with a toilet brush and was disappointed that it wasn't removing very much of the brown stains. We are on well water. Oh and since nobody mentioned THIS...once I started scrubbing with a brush using The Works I began to smell a rotten egg smell. Pee U! Be sure to open the window and wear a gas mask! lol After I scrubbed and flushed the toilet several times I began using the Earthstone BathroomStone. I got it wet and began to rub it around on the brown stains and it did the trick beautifully! I am now the proud owner of a pearly white toilet bowl that sparkles! I don't know if it was the combination of both that did it but I'm going to try it now on my other toilet without using The Works and see how the BathroomStone does all by itself. Thanks again to all of you who gave such wonderful advice. (02/21/2009)
By Pearly White Toilet Tango
Hello, If you're seriously broke, I'd suggest sand paper. You don't even need a lot. I had about a 2 by 5 inch piece, just rip it even smaller. Also, my stain was really bad, about 2.5 years in the works.
Additional note : I pretreated with boiling water.
By planetterry


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Set of 2 Mini Cupcake "Spatulart" Utensils - by Tovolo
Scramble a fluffy batch of eggs with Tovolo's Set of 2 Mini Spatulas with a Cupcake Design! These quirky spatulart utensils are crafted with silicone heads that are safe to use on nonstick cookware. The stain-resisting color is BPA Free and dishwasher safe for an effortless cleanup. Tovolo's Set of 2 Cupcake Mini Spatulas are perfect for lazy Sunday mornings and busy holiday cooking!
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Description Author Sierra W Name Tovolo Set of 2 Mini "Spatulart" Cupcake Spatulas GTIIN / UPC Code 848113002753 Brands Tovolo Type Spatulas Material Silicone Color Pink, Red Quantity Included 1 Weight (in Lbs) 0.4


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Green Bay – Week 3 of the Green Bay Packers' organized team activities, and the installation of the new 3-4 defense is rolling along.
Well, at times it's rolling along.
"I like what I see," coach Mike McCarthy said. "I like what I see in the meeting environment, from the players. That feels very important.
"I've always felt that way as a position coach and even as a coordinator, that the communication can't just be the one coach at the front of the room. So there's a lot of communication and a lot of interaction."
At other times . . . things hit a snag or two.
"I talked to the team about this today," McCarthy said. "When we talk about mental errors, I think you can put them into two types of categories: We break mental errors down - as far as I view them - as missed assignments or focus errors.
"It's very normal at this time of year for any NFL team - particularly if you go through a change - that your mental errors are very high going through your offseason program. That's normal, because you have new players and you may have some veteran players that have not been there as much in March, April and May. So you have different players on different levels as far as their comfort zone of what they're being asked to do."
In other words, it's still very much a work in progress.
"I think we're making good strides," linebacker Brandon Chillar said. "We're installing a lot every day. Overall, I think everyone's comprehending things pretty well."
Wednesday marked the ninth organized team activity practice and the third one that was open to reporters, along with fans gathered outside the fences at Clark Hinkle Field.
With first-round pick Clay Mathews and fellow linebacker Nick Barnett and safety Atari Bigby sidelined recovering from injuries, and safety Nick Collins not in attendance because he's unhappy with his contract, the No. 1 defense generally was as follows:
Johnny Jolly and rookie B.J. Raji at ends; Ryan Pickett at nose tackle; A.J. Hawk and Chillar as inside linebackers, Aaron Kampman and Jeremy Thompson as outside linebackers; Al Harris and Charles Woodson as cornerbacks; and Aaron Rouse and Anthony Smith at safeties.
Smith played in the 3-4 at Pittsburgh before signing with the Packers as an unrestricted free agent this offseason. He tries to be as helpful as he can to his new teammates.
"They can come to me if they have a problem and I can help them," Smith said. "I try to simplify it as best as I can for them."
At times, Smith joked, he's the one looking for help.
"Sometimes I have to go to them because I forget stuff," he said with a laugh.
One trait of the new defense that became apparent is that nearly every nickel or dime package involves just two down linemen.
In most cases with the No. 1 defense, those two were Raji and Jolly, with Pickett coming off the field and being replaced by a defensive back.
In effect, it becomes a 2-4-5 defense, with two of the four linebackers - and maybe a third linebacker or a defensive back - also likely to rush. The question the offense has to answer is, "Which two?"
"What it gives you is more flexibility," McCarthy said. "When you identify that, (it becomes) 'Is the guy rushing or is he dropping?' So it's the uncertainty of that position as far as the alignment."
Two cut: McCarthy said Wednesday that the Packers had cut rookie punter Adam Graessle and first-year nose tackle Brian Soi.
Graessle was the third punter in camp. Incumbent Jeremy Kapinos and Durant Brooks are the two remaining in camp.
"I'll tell you what: He was clearly the strongest leg of the three, I'll say that about him," McCarthy said of Graessle. "He's a young man that needs to keep chasing the dream."
QB cues: Backup quarterbacks Matt Flynn and Brian Brohm finished the 2008 season with Flynn as the No. 2 and Brohm the No. 3.
McCarthy said they were still aligned that way. For now, it appears the No. 2 job is Flynn's to lose.
"We're kind of rolling that way, but I look at Matt and Brian as the same," McCarthy said. "I think that's a competitive situation that will work itself out."
Brohm was a second-round pick last year and Flynn was a seventh-rounder. Brohm obviously would like to live up to his draft status and claim the No. 2 job.
"I think it's a competition every single day," Brohm said. "We're out here competing. We competed in quarterback school and we're competing right now. The ultimate thing is the preseason games. What you do out there on the field on game day is where you're going to be truly evaluated."
Sutton appears: Rookie free agent Tyrell Sutton, who missed the earlier practices because classes were still in session at Northwestern University, was on the field Wednesday.
Asked what he noticed about Sutton, who also practiced Tuesday, McCarthy said: "Fresh legs. Fresh legs. He's had two good practices. He's an instinctive football player. You can see why he was so productive in college, and he's always got a smile on his face."
Sixth-round cornerback Brandon Underwood is still unable to attend because class is still in session at Cincinnati.


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Capital Executive Apartment Hotel
Select your stay dates to check availability at Capital Executive Apartment Hotel
Capital Executive Apartment Hotel
About the Hotel
Property Location
A stay at Capital Executive Apartment Hotel places you in the heart of Braddon, convenient to Canberra City Church and Australian War Memorial. This hotel is within close proximity of Canberra Merry-Go-Round and Canberra Centre.
Make yourself at home in one of the 83 individually furnished guestrooms, featuring kitchenettes with full-sized refrigerators/freezers and stovetops. 26-inch LCD televisions with digital programming provide entertainment, while dial-up Internet access (surcharge) keeps you connected. Conveniences include phones, as well as desks and complimentary newspapers.
Dip into one of the 2 spa tubs or enjoy other recreational amenities including a sauna and a fitness center. Additional amenities at this hotel include wireless Internet access (surcharge), babysitting/childcare (surcharge), and wedding services.
Satisfy your appetite at the hotel's restaurant, which serves breakfast and dinner. Dining is also available at a coffee shop/café, and room service (during limited hours) is provided. Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include express check-in, express check-out, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Planning an event in Braddon? This hotel has 646 square feet (60 square meters) of space consisting of a conference center and a meeting room. Limited parking is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- One meeting room
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Smoke-free property
- Coffee shop or café
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Conference space
- Fitness facilities
- Parking (limited spaces)
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Parking onsite
- 24-hour front desk
- Luggage storage
- Express check-in
- Wedding services
- Babysitting or childcare
- In-room accessibility
- Conference space size (meters) - 60
- Roll-in shower
- Total number of rooms - 83
- Number of spa tubs - 2
- Number of floors - 4
- Accessible bathroom
- Bar/lounge
- Laundry facilities
- Elevator/lift
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Conference center
- Year Built 1985
- Express check-out
- Conference space size (feet) - 646
- Sauna
Room Facilities
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Daily housekeeping
- Iron/ironing board
- Full-sized refrigerator/freezer
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Soundproofed rooms
- Premium bedding
- Microwave
- Free newspaper
- Stovetop
- In-room climate control (heating)
- Premium TV channels
- First-run movies
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Hair dryer
- Coffee/tea maker
- Digital TV service
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Individually furnished
- Room service (limited hours)
- Kitchenette
- Private bathroom
- Desk
- Dial-up Internet access (surcharge)
- Phone
- Air conditioning
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- A resort fee is included in the total price displayed.
- Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Fee for cooked-to-order breakfast: AUD 12.50 for adults and AUD $12.50 for children (approximately)
- Fee for wireless Internet in public areas: AUD $10.00 per stay (rates may vary)
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Mandatory Fees and Taxes
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at the property:
- Deposit: AUD $300.00 per stay
The charges below are included in your overall room price:
- Resort fee
- Spa tub access
- Fitness center access
- Business center/computer access
- Newspaper
- In-room coffee
- Self parking
- Parking
- Housekeeping
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


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Poll: In my story Unfaithful do you want Bella's nigh with Edward to be a dream or reality Vote Now!
Author has written 4 stories for Twilight.
Random Questions:
Where do you get your inspiration?- i write my fan fictions about the stories that i want to read that i can't seem to find. i just think of what i want to see happen to the cullens and bella and i write down what i like.
Who's your favorite Cullen?- EDWARD!! then Jasper then Emmett then Alice then Carlisle then Esme then Rosalie.
Which is your fav Twilight book?- In this order, Breaking Dawn, Twilight, Eclipse New Moon.
Favorite quote about twilight?- Twilight is about Finding Love, New Moon is about Losing Love, Eclipse is about Choosing Love, and Breaking Dawn is about Making Love. =)
What made you read the Twilight Saga?- well it caught my attention two years before i started reading them, i didn't actually start reading them until i saw the Movie Trailer. i actually read the books in this order, New Moon, Eclipse Breaking Dawn, Twilight. Messed up right?
What is your favorite fanfiction that you've written?- Well i love Broken Wings (Version 2). version 1 is on IHeartEdwardCullen14 profile but i wanted to post number 2 on this profile.
ok blah blah blah, yada yada yada. that's enough about me =)
In The Life Of A Porn Star
Bella's outfit leaving the dressing room
Bella, Rosalie, and Emmett's house
Bella's outfit going to the resturant
My first try and some kind of banner/slide show for my story
|I Wish I Was Bella
|Books Twilight


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WOHVA Monthly Updates
WOHVA Update September '12
Thursday, 06 September 2012 17:41 | Last Updated on Sunday, 09 September 2012 17:24 | Written by John Schnorr | | |
Every month WOHVA provides our members and other motorized trail recreation advocates with this short synopsis of WOHVA's efforts to proactively assure that environmentally responsible OHV recreational opportunities are expanded here the Badger State.
The 3rd (and final) phase of WOHVA's Business Plan regarding the creation and operation of the Wisconsin Off-Road Vehicle Park, Inc. is nearing completion. WOHVA met with the project staff drafting the plan last month. WOHVA members will recall reviewing the initial draft document at the WOHVA Workshops in spring. The document is being researched and drafted by the Creative Enterprise Center at Ripon College. WOHVA expects delivery of the finished plan in time to present it to at the September 19th Wisconsin Off-Road Vehicle Park, Inc. (WORVPI) Monthly Directors Meeting in Crandon, Wisconsin.
As was the case with the previous two documents (Phase I & Phase II), WOHVA looks forward to presenting this final installment to the Wisconsin Off-Road Vehicle Park, Inc. when completed.
WOHVA's Fall Trails Information Meeting is scheduled for Saturday, October 6th in New London, Wisconsin. Our FREE Trails Information Meetings are held twice a year (Spring & Fall) in South Eastern Wisconsin. Attendance is a great way to become informed as to the state of motorized trails here in the Badger State and also an outstanding opportunity to view what WOHVA has planned for next year (and the future). In addition, WOHVA representatives will be available to answer any and all questions you may have or point you in the right direction to find the accurate and up-to-date information.
WOHVA would like to thank all those WOHVA members, other individuals and organizations that have had to foresight to support the Wisconsin Off-Road Vehicle Park, Inc. (WORVPI) via their recent memberships. We'd also like to encourage all motorized recreation enthusiasts to step forward in support of this venture by joining WORVPI. Your $10 will help display how eager and willing Badger State OHV enthusiasts are to support their sport!
Mid-Year Updates were mailed to all WOHVA Supporting Clubs. Included in the Update were copies of recent WOHVA Monthly Updates, a complete set of Motorized Vehicle Use Maps (MVUM's) for the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest (CNNF), an instruction manual on how to submit accurate and influential requests for access or closure of CNNF roads, routes & trails, an update on the Motorized Recreation Area in Forest County (Wisconsin Off-Road Vehicle Park) and other information regarding WOHVA. Groups receiving the mailing included; Badgerland TNT 4X4 Club, Inc., Chicago Land Rover Club, Damage, Inc. 4X4 Club, Extreme Offroaders 4Wheel Drive Club, Ltd., Kettle Moraine Sport Riders, NAXJA – Midwest Chapter and Wisconsin Dual Sport Riders. If you haven't seen this information please ask your club president to share the packet contents with you and all your fellow club members.
The WOHVA Board of Directors held their regular bi-monthly meeting in Oconto Falls, Wisconsin.
WOHVA participated in the regular monthly meeting for the Wisconsin Off-Road Vehicle Park, Inc. (WORVPI)
Pleased to join trail advocacy groups from across the Badger State (both motorized and non-motorized), WOHVA added our signature to a letter drafted on behalf of the Coalition for Recreational Trails (of which WOHVA is a member) in support of continued funding the Wisconsin Recreational Trails Grant Program. The letter is a key part of a grass-roots campaign to convince Wisconsin Governor Walker NOT to opt out of this vital federal program.
The American Motorcyclist Association (of which WOHVA is a member) reports that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will require all consumers to buy at least four gallons of gasoline from certain gas pumps after the new E15 ethanol-gasoline blend is introduced into the market. The vast majority of Off-Highway Vehicles (OHV's) in use today are not designed to operate on E15 fuel. WOHVA contacted all of Wisconsin's Senators and Members of the House of Representatives asking them to contact the EPA. We suggested urging the EPA to come up with a better solution and to back an independent study to determine whether E15 is safe for OHV engines.
In conjunction with the Wisconsin Off-Road Vehicle Park, Inc. (WORVPI), WOHVA is working with NCWRPC on an extensive Feasibility Study to direct establishing a 10,000 acre Badger State Motorized Recreation Area (MRA). Last month a special project team from WORVPI met twice with their consultants drafting the Forest County Motorized Recreation Area Feasibility Study. The focus of the meetings was to bring some much needed closure to this project. WOHVA has two members participating on this team. WOHVA is excited to be on the forefront, representing Badger State motorized trail riding enthusiasts, on this and other advocacy projects. Delivery of this finished study is expected soon.
WOHVA's 5th Annual Great Northern Trail Ride was held on the Sokaogon-Chippewa properties in Mole Lake, Wisconsin. This was the fifth year that WOHVA Trail Guides led OHV enthusiasts through the maze of trails that WOHVA Volunteers have developed on the Tribal Holdings.
Greg Mumm, Executive Director of the BlueRibbon Coalition, attended a breakfast meeting hosted by WOHVA at the Café Manoomin in the Mole Lake Casino & Lodge. Greg exchanged thoughts and ideas pertaining to the future of motorized recreation.
"Remember, join and advocate (that's) the two most important things that you can do!"
- DelAlbright
(April '09, WOHVA's 5th Annual Wisconsin OHV Enthusiast Workshops)
Mission Statement
The Wisconsin Off-Highway Vehicle Association exists for the sole purpose of proactively assuring that public and private off-highway motorized vehicular recreational opportunities are expanded in Wisconsin for safe use by this and future generations


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There are a number of programs for your electronic devices that can enhance your personal safety. The list below contains a few examples of personal safety apps.
Personal Safety Apps
- Secret Chaperone
- OnWatch
- MyForce
- Circle of 6
- LifeLine Response
- StaySafe
- RAVEGuardian (See additional information below)
While the University of Georgia Police Department does not endorse any specific product, we would like to share the information below pertaining to the RAVEGuardian app, which was purchased by the University of Georgia as a personal safety option for students, faculty and staff.
There is now a free personal safety app for your smartphone available to students, faculty, and staff. The app is called "Guardian" offered by Rave Mobile Safety. The application can be downloaded for free from the app store feature on your smartphone.
Please keep in mind that there are other personal safety applications available to you besides this one. The Guardian app is free to you when you enter your @uga.edu email address. The University of Georgia version will automatically load on your phone when you enter your '@uga.edu' address. The Guardian app features a safety timer, assignable "guardians"-- friends who can be notified when you are in route from one location to another, and an emergency call button that will dial 911 and track your location (if enabled) when activated.
Please keep in mind that the Guardian app does not belong to nor is it operated by the University of Georgia Police Department. Whether you choose the Guardian app, another personal safety app, or no app, we encourage you to be familiar with the fastest way to use your phone to dial 911 in an emergency. Most phones have the ability to make emergency calls from the lock screen with one button. Be sure you know how to quickly access 911 on your phone in the event of an emergency.
As always, we encourage folks to be aware of their surroundings, and when you see anything suspicious, please call us. We are available 24/7/365 to help you if you see anything suspicious or are in need of assistance.
Get the app here


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Preparation for Calculus
Limits and their properties
Applications of differentiation
Logarithmic, Exponential, and other transcendental functions
Applications of integration
Integration techniques, L'Hopital's rule, and improper integrals
Infinite series
Conics, parametric equations and polar coordinates
Vectors and the geometry of space
Vector-valued functions
Functions of several variables
Multiple integration
Vector analysis
Units, I- The life of the cell, II- Cellular reproduction and genetics, III- Concepts of evolution, IV- The evolution of biological diversity, V- Animals: Form and function, VI- Plants: Form and function, VII- Ecology
Teacher: Mrs Quinn
Book: Introduction to human geography by James Rubenstein
Agriculture, The study of how humans exploit their direct environment
Thinking geographically, Why do we use physical geography in every aspect of life?
Industry, The secondary sector, why when and where it is applied.
Services, The tertiary sector, why when and where it is applied.
Languages, The origin and outcome of every spoken language.
Religion, The foundation of religions, wether universalized or ethnic.
Population, Where are people distributed on earth and why are they positioned in specific patterns.
Migration, The movement of humans within planet earth.
Folk and Pop culture, How are folk and popular culture practiced in the US and by whom.
Ethnicity, Differences between ethnicity and race, and the different subdivisions of eaach of the following.
Political Geography, How states are defined and who monitors the behavior of different countries.
Development, Where are More Devlopped Countries and Less Developped Countries located on earth and why.
Urban patterns, The different structures of urban regions.
Resource issues, How and why ressources are being depleted, polluted, reused and conserved
Literary analysis
"Tuesdays with Morrie"
"City of Joy"
"Palace walk"
Mr. Najbor
Help organize and manage events around school campus.
Aid staff members in any way.
Studied racism.
Mrs. Quinn
College essay writing
How to present
Article summary writing
The foundations of music
The different types of music
Musical instruments
Musical performance
Team sports, Rugby, Basketball, Floor Hockey, Volleyball
Individual sports, Height jump, Shotput, Long jump, 100, 200 meter run


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Although the news media has been full of bad-news stories on the economy, Bedford County officials are upbeat on local economic development.
Sue Montgomery, the county's director of economic development pointed to The Matrixx Group, which built on a 20-acre site at Bedford Center for Business, located off Independence Aveune, in Bedford,
"They are very happy with their location," commented Montgomery.
She said that Matrixx expects to expand, eventually tripling the plants current size. The company makes plastic from raw materials.
A county teen was killed in a head-on crash, Monday morning, while driving to school.
According state police, Tiffany Skylar LaPrade, 16, was driving east on Va. 24 when her 2001 Toyota Camry crossed the center line and hit a 2003 Dodge truck driven by Rodney Whorley, of Huddleston. LaPrade's car then hit an east-bound Honda Accord driven by Crystal Mayhew, of Vinton.
LaPrade, who died at the scene, was wearing her seat belt and was alone in the car.
A major bronze sculpture arrived at the National D-Day Memorial last week.
This one, bearing the name, "Across the Beach," will go on the the edge of the memorial's pool, replacing a sculpture of two soldiers already there.
"This goes right back where it used to be," said Jim Brothers the artist who created both, pointing to the earlier sculpture as workmen prepared to move it.
A Bedford County man, already facing five felony charges for allegedly abducting and raping a Bedford County woman the day after Christmas last year, is now facing five more felony counts in connection with the case.
A fire at New London Airport, Saturday, destroyed two hangars and damaged a third.
The airport also doubles as a drag strip on the weekends. Kevin Murray and his wife, Martha, were at the opposite end of the runway when the noticed it. By the time they got up to the buildings there was a plume of thick black smoke rising into the air.
Bedford County's supervisors have directed county staff to present proposals for expanding broadband Internet access in the county.
Changes to the county's zoning ordinance to make it friendlier to religious assemblies has been in the works for months.
Monday night, Bedford County's planning commission voted unanimously to move the changes forward to a joint public hearing with the Bedford County Board of Supervisors. District 5 Planning Commissioner Steve Stevick was absent.
The hearing is scheduled for Nov. 10. The supervisors have the final say on all changes to county ordinances
Decal fees are out, but personal property taxes are up in Bedford as a result of action taken by City Council Tuesday.
Following the lead of surrounding communities — including a recent decision by Bedford County — Council voted 6-0 to drop the city's vehicle decals and fees, while raising the personal property tax from $1.80 to $2.17 per $100 of assessed value. Councilman Tom Padgett was not at the meeting.
The Forest community got a look Tuesday at the completed work of the $38.5 million Jefferson Forest High School Renovation Project.
A dedication ceremony and open house for the project were scheduled to take place at the school yesterday. What those attending were scheduled to see — in addition to a project that finished up under budget and some eight months ahead of schedule — was a school featuring both practical construction and showcase facilities.
Charges against a Montvale man for stabbing a woman at least 15 times, and setting fire to her home, were certified to the grand jury following a preliminary hearing in General District Court Tuesday.
Buford Lee Musselman, 31, is charged with malicious wounding, abduction, arson and aggravated malicious wounding.
Copyright © 2017
The Bedford Bulletin is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Bedford County and Bedford, VA and the surrounding area.


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About Us
Catalog Web Links
Special Events
Contact Us
Welcome to Tina's Trains & Hobbies.
We have the largest selection of HO and N scale Model Trains and Accessories in Southern Maryland. We also sell R/C Cars, Dollhouses and Miniatures, Wooden and Plastic Models, Slot Cars, Rockets, Nylon Kites and more. We are now an official B.S.A. PINEWOOD DERBY dealer and have a full line in stock!
We have a 100' x 40' Dirt oval R/C Race Track and a large 120 x120 off road track. There is also a Rock Crawl area. we run races on the AMB R/C lap counting system. Off-Road races are held every other Saturday. Oval races every other Sunday alternating weekends during race season,weather permitting. Electric 1/10 scale or smaller only,no nitro on the tracks.
On this site you will be able to link with our distributors to view a complete line of available products.
The store is located in the Hughesville Bargain Barn on the old route 5 just south of All American Harley Davidson at 8275 Old Leonardtown Road Hughesville, Maryland 20637. We are now located in the rear of the red barn near the race track. You can enter at the rear entrance Thur. through Sun. On the weekend you can enter from the inside of the building. There is a mapquest on our contact page to help in locating the store
The off-road race season opener scheduled for Sun April 30th 2017- oval season opener scheduled for Sun May7th
CHECK US OUT ON Facebook at Tina's Trains & Hobbies at Hughesville md r/c racetracks
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There's a trendy meme emerging in progressive city planning circles to the effect that whether land development is harmful "sprawl" or benign "urbanis...
Read Whole Story
I enjoy visiting Orange County. I see why people like to live there. It's comfortable, projecting the sense that there is no hardship in life. It's also designed around the car -- the built environment encourages everyone to drive from Point A to Point B.
Historians of the future may debate whether Benjamin Ross is right, but at least he tries to explain why 30 years after World War II it was American cities, not European, that looked bombed out.
When it comes to carbon emissions, don't blame big cities -- blame the suburbs, says a new study from the University of California, Berkeley.
The city that built cars was also built by and for the car, and that legacy may prove the biggest obstacle to creating a post-automobile future.
Most low-income workers are women, who may be especially concerned about safety, particularly if systems aren't well-maintained, well-lit and adequately policed.
American "cool" has been trending from a point of distinction into a sea of non-descriptiveness for some time. You know: Miles Davis meets Kim Kardashian, and the birth of cool mopes into the death of cool. And we only have ourselves to thank for it.
Send all your eco-inquiries to Jennifer Grayson at email@example.com. Questions may be edited for length and clarity.
My husband and I are clos...
More and more Americans want to live in these affordable and accessible neighborhoods -- and the proof is in the prices of homes in these areas.
Putnam Valley is hurting, and unless I choose to remain willfully ignorant of reality, I can't help but notice. We can and ought to do something to revitalize our town center and help people get back on their feet.
Tear down one highly unsustainable McMansion and build two small green, handcrafted homes in its place? I like this idea a lot.
Bothered by Australia...
Colorado farmers still own more than 80 percent of water flowing in the state, but control is rapidly passing from them as growing suburbs move to sec...
On HuffPost Arts we frequently feature amazing architecture and design. These articles tend to focus on newly constructed edifices, but buildings, lik...
What's more American than ravaging precious open space and getting richer while making other people miserable?
Democrats, don't put away the celebratory booze just yet. One of the world's greatest opportunities for schadenfreude is about to present itself, as a...
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jan 5, 1971
|Filing date
|Jan 27, 1969
|Priority date
|Jan 27, 1969
|Publication number
|James D Baird
|Original Assignee
|Bindicator Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (48), Classifications (24)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
J- D. BAIRD NONCONTAGT ULTRASONIC Jah. s, 1911 7 mobj zowo 2596 ozawmuoma 529w 836 23% -62: zEZ 1 591%; mm vw & kw w? mm W ow {of Ed 52 55 525% Eda JEZMEMEE 1 mmzwowm INVENTOR JAMES D. BAIRD ATTORNEY modmmwk United States Patent O 3,553,636 NON CONTACT ULTRASONIC INTERFACE VISCOS- ITY AND PERCENT SOLID DETECTING DEVICE James D. Baird, Hauppauge, N.Y., assignor, by m'esne assignments, to The Bin-Dicator Company, Detroit,
Mich., a corporation of Michigan Filed Jan. 27, 1969, Ser. No. 794,105 Int. Cl. 001s 9/66 US. Cl. 340-1 9 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An interface, viscosity and percent suspended solid ultrasonic detecting system comprising a transducer adapted to be .aflixed to the outside of a container wall, means for energizing the transducer so that an ultrasonic pulse is transmitted through the container wall, across the container contents, and reflected off the opposite container wall back to the transducer, and means responsive to the reflected pulse, and dependent on the extent of attenuation of the reflected pulse, for indicating the location of an interface between two stratified immiscible liquids in the container and/or for indicating the viscosity and/or the percent solids of a suspension in a container.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Heretofore, ultrasonic devices have been proposed for indicating an interface between stratified immiscible liquids in a container. One method proposed may be referred to as the ultrasonic echo method wherein a transducer is placed in the bottom of the container for directing a beam of ultrasonic vibrations toward the liquid/ liquid interface. Such a device is shown and described in US. Pat. 2,775,748 to Rod et al., which issued Dec. 25, 1956. The elapsed time between the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic pulse, and the known velocity of the pulse in the traversed medium, gives the distance traveled by the pulse, and thus determines the interface level with respect to the transducer.
Ultrasonic devices have also been proposed to measure liquid viscosity and percent of suspended solid. All these devices have also required process liquid contact to the sound emitting face of the transducer.
In any of the prior art devices, many problems result, particularly in installation and maintenance. Material buildup on the tarnsducer, flow, corrosion, abrasion, temperature and pressure requirements of the general process industry, severely limit the use of such process liquid contacting devices. Errors also arise from variation in the speed of propagation of sound with changes in temperature and density of the liquid in the container. Further error arises due to inaccuracy inherent in echo sound apparatus when the distances involved are relatively small, as in the case with containers of practical size.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The present invention provides a liquid/liquid interface, viscosity and percent suspended solid ultrasonic detecting system in which the transducer is mounted out of contact with the process liquid. The transducer is adapted to be mounted on the outside of a container wall and is therefore not affected by the process conditions.
The system includes comparison means for detecting the extent of attenuation of an ultrasonic pulse which is transmitted through the container wall, across the internal dimension of the container and reflected off the container wall back to the transducer. The use of comparison techniques provides highly accurate measurement allowing for detection of small differences in attenuation and allows for providing an easily adjustable standard comparrson voltage so that the system can be readily adjusted to accommodate different process liquids and/ or suspensions.
DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic and block diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a modified output device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a further modification of the output device of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Liquid/ liquid interface detection Referring to FIG. 1, a container 1 is provided having a transducer 2 rnounted thereon. Container 1 contains two stratified immiscible liquids 3A and 3B having different viscosities.
A signal processing system 4 is provided for energizing transducer 2 and for processing signals received therefrom.
When the liquid/liquid interface between liquids 3A and 3B is below the transducer level indicated by line AA in container 1, the signal processing system 4 is adapted to selectively energize output device 5. Output device 5 includes relay 6 which functions to switch on visible or an audible signaling device 7 and/or a process control device 8. Device 7 may comprise a horn, buzzer, flashing lights or any other conventional visible and/or audible alarm or device or any combinations of such devices. Device 8 may comprise a pump, valve, or the like.
Transducer 2 may comprise any conventional ultrasonic pulse transmitting-receiving transducer, preferably, :but not limited to a piezoelectric device in the form of a disc which is cemented, clamped, held or otherwise afi'ixed to the outer wall surface of container 1.
When energized, transducer 2 transmits an ultrasonic pulse across the container at a level indicated by line AA passing through the container wall, taking the path indicated by arrows 9 across the internal dimension of the container. The pulse is reflected ofi of the opposite container wall at 10 and returned to transducer 2. If wall 10 is blocked by plumbing or the like, a reflecting wall (not shown) may be provided in the container 1.
Signal processing system 4 includes a pulsed oscillator 11, which may be of any conventional design, for producing signals on line 12 at a suitable repetition rate. Each of these signals is applied by leads 12 and 13 to transducer 2 where the signals are converted to corresponding ultrasonic pulses.
Upon return of the reflected pulse to the transducer 2', the pulse is transformed to an electrical pulse diminished in magnitude according to the material through which the pulse passed in the container 1. The greater the viscosity of the material, the greater the attenuation of the pulse passing therethrough. This pulse is applied by lead 13 to a two input and gate 14 at a first input thereof, the second input receiving a check signal on lead 15, the purpose of which will be hereinafter more particularly described.
The output of and gate 14 is applied by lead 16 to receiver amplifier 17 to provide an output signal having an attenuated magnitude dependent on the viscosity of the particular liquid 3A or 3B, through which the ultrasonic pulse passed. The output of receiver amplifier 17 is applied by lead 18 to the first input of differential amplifier 19. Diflerential amplifier 19 also has applied at a second input, a standard voltage level equal in magnitude to the magnitude of the reflected pulse passing through the bottom liquid 3A.
When liquid 3A is at the transducer level AA so that the ultrasonic pulses pass through liquid 3A, differential amplifier 19 provides no output. When top liquid 3B is at the level AA so that the sonic pulses pass therethrough, the reflected pulse will be attenuated to a diiferent extent and differential amplifier 19 provides an output signal thereby indicating that the liquid/liquid interface is below level AA. This output signal is applied by lead 20 to relay 6 which functions to switch on indication device 7 and/or process control device 8.
It is to be understood that the system may be calibrated to detect when the liquid/ liquid interface is above level AA by adjusting the standard voltage to correspond to a reflected pulse passing through top liquid 3B. In this case, differential amplifier would provide an output signal when bottom liquid 3A is at level AA thereby detecting that the liquid/liquid interface is above level AA.
The standard voltage level is conveniently generated by using pulsed oscillator 11. The output of pulsed oscillator 11 is fed via lead 21 to variable attenuator 22. The variable attenuator 22 permits an adjustment of the pulse level to a selected standard level calibrated at the point of installation to correspond to the electrical pulse developed in response to an ultrasonic pulse passed across and back through liquid 3A or 3B in container 1. The output of the variable attenuator 22 is fed via lead 23 to delay 24 and lead 25 to the differential amplifier 19. The delay 24 insures that the standard level voltage will be available at the time that the receiver amplifier 17 output is produced.
As hereinbefore described, a check signal is applied by lead 15 to and gate 14. This check signal is applied only after an elapsed time approximately equal to that required for the electrical and acoustical pulses to traverse the path from the pulsed oscillator 11, across leads 12 and 13 to transducer 2, the path across container 1 in both directions, and lead 13 to and gate 14. The check signal is applied for a sufl'icient length of time to accommodate minor variations in the transit time of these pulses. At all other times, and gate 14 is blocked due to the absence of the check signal. In this manner, the pulse transmitted to transducer 2 together with other spurious signals arising in the system are not transmitted to differential amplifier 19 to possibly activate device 7 or 8.
The check signal is generated by applying the output of oscillator 11 by leads 12 and 26 to the input of delay flip flops 27. Delay flip flops 27 will delay its response to the input signal for a period of time corresponding to the period of time required for the electrical and acoustical pulse to traverse the paths hereinbefore described.
Referring to FIG. 2, a modified output device 5' is shown as an alternative output device 5 of FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the output from differential amplifier 19 may be fed by conductor 20' to voltage meter 28 having a pointer 29. In this instance, variable attenuator 22 is adjusted so that the diiferential amplifier 19 has balanced inputs when the interface between liquids 3A and 3B is at level AA. Under this condition, pointer 29 provides a zero reading as shown.
When the higher viscosity liquid is at level AA, the reflected pulse is attenuated to a greater extent thereby causing a negative read out on the meter 28 with pointer 29 moving counter clockwise. When the liquid/liquid interface is in the area of transducer 2, the extent of dis placement of the interface from level AA will be indicated by the magnitude of the read out.
When the lower viscosity material is at level AA, the reflected pulse is attenuated to a lesser extent thereby causing positive read out on meter 28 with pointer 29 moving clockwise. The extent of displacement from transducer level is again reflected by the magnitude of the positive read out.
If materials different from materials 3A and 3B are in container ,1, the reflected pulse will be attenuated to a different extent. This change, however, can be readily accommodated by adjustment of variable attenuator 22.
Percent solid and/ or viscosity indication The system of the present invention can also be used to provide an indication of liquid viscosity and/or of the percent solids of a suspension (not shown) contained in a container. The greater the viscosity and/or percent suspended solids, the greater the attenuation of the reflected pulse.
In determining percent suspended solid, the signal processing system 4 of FIG. 1 may be used except in this instance the selected standard voltage for input to differential amplifier 19 is adjusted to correspond with a zero or a reference percent solid indication. The selected voltage is made equivalent to a pulse developed in response to an ultrasonic pulse passed through a liquid free of or having a known value of suspended particles. The output from differential amplifier 19 will then have an output varying in magnitude as the percent solids in suspen sion varies.
In percent solid determination, the output from signal processing system 4 is applied to a modified indicator (It vice 5 shown in FIG. 3. Indicator device 5" includes a meter 28' having a pointer 29. Assuming the selected standard voltage is adjusted to correspond with a zero percent solid indicator 1, then when the output from differential amplifier 19 is at a null, the pointer 29' is at a zero percent reading as shown. As the percent solid increases, the inputs to differential amplifier become more and more unbalanced as the pulses transmitted through the container are attenuated to a greater extent as the percent solid increases. This in turn causes the output from differential amplifier 19 to increase and, in response thereto, pointer 29' moves clockwise to provide a visual indication of the percent solid in the container. Suitable indicia of indication percentages is provided on meter 28'.
In determining viscosity, the signal processing system 4- of FIG. 1 may again be used except in this instance the selected standard voltage for input to differential amplifier 19 is adjusted to correspond with a reference viscosity indication. The selected voltage is made equivalent to a pulse developed in response to an ultrasonic pulse passed through a liquid of known viscosity selected as a reference. The output from differential amplifier 19 will then have an output varying in magnitude as the viscosity varies.
In viscosity determination, the output from signal processing system 4 is applied to a meter of the type shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 except that the indicia is viscosity indicia and the pointer is adjusted to indicate the reference viscosity when the output from differential amplifier is at a null.
While the present invention has particular application for detecting liquid/liquid interface and for detecting viscosity and percent solids in suspension, the present invention also has the capability of indicating the presence or absence of a liquid at a selected level in a container in cases where there is no liquid/liquid interface and only a liquid/air interface. In this case, the ultrasonic pulse is transmitted either through the air or the liquid. When passing through air, the pulse is substantially completely attenuated. Only when the pulse is transmitted through the liquid will a reflected pulse prO- duce an output signal for processing system 4. Variable attenuator 22 and delay 24 may be eliminated when such use is made of the system because the large differences in attenuation between liquid and air do not require the use of comparison techniques. Accordingly, when a signal is transmitted through differential amplifier 19 so as to energize relay 6 and indicator 7, an indication is made that liquid has been detected above level AA.
All elements in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are well known in the art and will not be described for the sake of brevity.
Although only one embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described in detail, it is to be expressly understood that the invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made in the design and ar rangemcnt of the parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
I claim:
1. A noncontact ultrasonic liquid detection system for detecting changes in the ultrasonic attenuation characteristic of a liquid indicative of changes in such physical characteristics as the viscosity, percent solids and/or interface level condition of the liquid when contained in a vessel, said system comprising a vessel adapted to contain a quantity of the liquid and having a first wall defined by an interior surface in contact with the liquid and an exterior surface out of contact with the liquid juxtaposed to said interior surface, means for generating electrical signals of an ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic transducer means operably connected to said generating means and secured to said exterior surface of said first wall. in noncontacting relationship with liquid in said vessel, said transducer means being oriented to transmit an ultrasonic pulse in response to application of said signals thereto in a path through said first Wall and through said interior surface thereof and across at least a portion of the interior liquid-filled space of said vessel, wall means having a pulse reflecting surface in said space in contact with the liquid and being oriented to reflect said pulse back to said transducer via said path, said transducer means being responsive to the reflected pulse to generate an electrical echo signal having a characteristic dependent upon the extent of attenuation of said pulse while transmitting said path from said transducer to said reflecting surface and back to said transducer, and means for comparing said echo signal with a selected standard electrical signal related to a reference pulse attenuation value characteristic of a standard condition of the liquid to thereby produce a measure of the change in the condition of the liquid from said standard condition.
2. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said vessel and transducer means are oriented relative to one another such that said ultrasonic signal path is generally horizontal and hence generally parallel to any gravityinduced liquid-to-liquid interface conditions occurring in said liquid.
3. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said transducer means comprises a piezoelectric device having an active element affixed to said exterior surface of said first wall with its pulse propogation axis perpendicular to said reflecting surface.
4. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said interior and exterior surfaces of said first wall and said reflecting surface are parallel to one another and said transducer means is oriented with its pulse propogation axis substantially perpendicular to said surfaces.
5. The system as set forth in claim 4 wherein said vessel has a second wall juxtaposed to said first wall with an interior surface defining said reflecting surface and containing the liquid therebetween.
6. The system as set forth in claim 5 wherein said vessel and said transducer means are oriented relative to one another such that said path does not traverse any liquid/liquid and/0r liquid-gas interfaces formed by the liquid in the vessel and such that only the transducerfirst wall interface at said exterior surface, the first wallliquid interface at said interior surface of said first wall and the liquid-second wall interface at said reflecting surface are disposed transverse to said path.
7. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said comparison means comprises variable attenuator means operably connected to said signal generating means for converting signals received from said generating means to the selected standard signal, and means operably connected to said variable attenuator means for combining said echo signal and said standard signal to produce an output signal representative of the difference in a given characteristic of said echo and said standard signal.
8. The system as set forth in claim 7 wherein said vessel comprises a conduit containing a column of a liquid extending between and transverse to said pulse path.
9. The system as set forth in claim 7 wherein said vessel has oppositely disposed generally vertical side walls having interior surfaces forming respectively said first wall interior surface and said reflecting surface, said transducer means having a transmitting and receiving pulse path surface area extending vertically adjacent said exterior surface of said first wall above and below a selected level, said vessel containing at least two stratified fluids having different ultrasonic attenuation characteristics and defining a horizontal interface therebetween, said comparison means being operable to produce an output signal having a magnitude and polarity dependent upon whether said interface is above or below said selected level and the extent said interface is spaced vertically therefrom in said area of said transducer means.
References Cited RICHARD A. FARLEY, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.
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|Research Corporation
|Ultrasonic coagulation timer
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|The Washington University
|Ultrasonic continuous wave particle monitor
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|Attenuator circuit ultrasonic testing
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|Apparatus for and method of ultrasonically inspecting foodstuffs
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|Automated ultrasonic solution viscometer
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|Cypher Systems
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|Method for determining resin viscosity with ultrasonic waves
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|Piezoelectric ultrasonic apparatus and method for determining the distance from a predetermined point to a target
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|Field-adjustable ultrasonic detector
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Samantha is a 17-year-old from Tulsa, OK. She enjoys babysitting, sewing, drawing, crocheting, writing and anything creative. She loves to hang out with her mom and two sisters and hopes to someday work in the fashion industry.
The New Oxford American Dictionary defines a haul as: '(of a person) pull or drag with effort or force.' By Youtube's beauty and style community standards, a haul may be defined as: a video, debuting items (clothes, makeup, food, etc.) typically bought on a recent shopping spree. Though hauls may, superficially, seem vain and self-centered, after digging deeper you can see there is a lot of positive that spurs from this trend. This double-edge sword is best left to conclusion after weighing the good from the bad and reading Radical Parenting's Q&A with DaisyLove03, a popular beauty guru on YouTube. She is adept to answer, having made several different haul videos of her own.
Q&A with YouTube.com/DaisyLove03
How did you get started making haul videos?
"Prior to creating my own channel I was always watching other gurus such as MakeupByTiffanyD, JuicyStar07 and SparkleMissA. I found that it was really fun to watch, especially when their style and preference for clothes/makeup etc we're really similar to my own. I got started in making haul videos on my channel because a few of my viewers started requesting for them. I didn't realize how big this trend was until I started doing more research about it!"
Overall, do you believe that haul videos are a positive or negative trend?
"Even though haul videos do carry a negative trend of causing people to purchase unintended items. I find that overall it is a positive way for people to share with others what they are interested in. It is a great way to help inspire, connect and hear feedback about what the latest trends in fashion/cosmetics etc are through networking within this YouTube community."
Why do you like to make haul videos?
"Creating haul videos is really enjoyable because it gives me a chance to share with others my own personal taste in items. It is a great way to hear feedback! Sort of like going through the items that you just purchased with a friend after a finished shopping trip."
What is the upside to haul videos?
"The upside to haul videos is that it is a great way for people to share with others what they recently purchased. Usually this is one of the best ways to discover new products that you might have never known of! Also haul videos, in a way, serve as mini reviews. This is a great resource for those who are looking for a second opinion before purchasing."
What do you think the downside is to hauling?
"Even though creating hauling videos are really fun to do, I believe that there is a downside in doing it. It can often lead people to go shop for unintended items because it is so easy to become infatuated with certain items that are shown in haul videos."
What makes this kind of video so appealing to watch, especially to teens?
"Haul videos are one of the most popular videos to watch simply because people are curious about what other's purchase. These videos really appeal to teens because it shows them what the latest and greatest products are and how their fellow peers feel about each product, especially when going through the phases of trying to find your own style."
Are haul's your favorite kind of video to make or do you prefer OOTD/Tutorials/Reviews etc.?
"I prefer making Tutorials and Reviews more than Haul videos. I find that Reviews and Tutorials are much more fun to make in my opinion because they are more informative. I feel that I can really help my viewers by sharing with them my experience and knowledge with a certain product or how to create a new make up look."
Which one of your haul videos is your favorite?
"One of my favorite haul videos is actually my Hot Topic Haul that I posted recently. I went there to go purchase a Harry Potter 'Snuggie' for the premiere. It was a great investment =)"
Check out some of DaisyLove03's Hauls:
Haul: Harry Potter and more –
A Christmas Haul –
Target Haul! –
As you can deduce from the above Q&A, hauls are rich with positives that prevail over the unfavorable aspects of this trend.
Did you like this post? Check out our new book: Do I Get My Allowance Before or After I'm Grounded? This is the groundbreaking new parenting book written by Vanessa and her teens! Get a secret view into the world of adolescents and prescriptive advice on everything from lying, to texting to procrastination.


text:
Alkali: ProcessedMature
I finished the math only 10 minutes after Eveline.
" There you go Mr Georges. Hope you don't mind If I leave." I said walking to the door.
" Next time no outburst, Alkali." The teacher said
" Yes , sir."
As soon as I left the classes I headed for the libary. Images flashing through my mind this time making sense and I began to understand. I wasn't normal Niether was Eveline, and 4 others who go to this school. After I processed all the images I momentarily felt sick. Then the statment came up. " There is a space beside you." The memory of her voice.
What does that mean. I understood a fair bit but that still had made no sense. I entered the libary doors and there was that girl from earlier.
" What are Galaxy's, and what a gaurdian is?" She said demanding answeres.
" You can be a little quieter about or you might sound crazy." I said quietly
The girl quieted down.
" I know a little about what it is going on here but i'm still missing some information. Wait let me rephrase that. Have missing gaps in my memory." I said


text: Yale University Gun seizures in Conn. mostly out of concern of harm to self By Craig LeMoult • Oct 30, 2014 Police in Connecticut have made 764 gun seizures in the last 14 years or so, since the state's gun seizure law was passed. The law allows guns to be taken away from people who are viewed as a risk to themselves or others. That's according to data from a research study released Thursday. Twenty-five of President Obama's Young African Leaders study at Yale this summer By Ebong Udoma • Jul 16, 2014 Ebong Udoma An app that helps doctors keep in touch with patients in Uganda, another that helps teachers keep up with technology in Zambia, and a website that tells the stories of Rwandan genocide survivors. These are just some of the businesses that have been developed by a group of young African entrepreneurs, sought out by President Obama. The entrepreneurs are part of the president's Young African Leaders Initiative – in which 500 hundred sub-Saharan Africans between the ages of 25 and 35 have been brought to study at US universities this summer. Yale expert examines causes & impacts of inequality By Craig LeMoult • Jun 5, 2014 Craig LeMoult The U.S has the highest level of economic inequality of any rich democracy. As we've been talking about in our State of Disparity series, Connecticut's economy is an extreme example of that. WSHU's Craig LeMoult spoke with Jacob Hacker, the director of the Institution for Social and Policy Studies at Yale University. Conn. man charged in Yale hoax threat By Brian Scott-Smith • Apr 24, 2014 New Haven Police Department Police in New Haven, Connecticut have charged a man with making a hoax call last November in which he falsely claimed an armed man was on his way to shoot up Yale University. It prompted a six-hour campus lockdown and search. Police say Jeffery Jones of Westbrook has been on their radar for a while. They say he's under investigation for similar calls made to Hillhouse High School in New Haven in December of last year and to Branford Police about an armed bank robbery that never occurred. Yale announces winners of Windham Campbell Literature Prize By Craig LeMoult • Mar 7, 2014 Eight writers from seven countries are this year's recipients of the Windham Campbell Literature Prizes, announced today by Yale University. Each writer will receive $150,000. The 2014 prizewinners are: in fiction, Aminatta Forna (Sierra Leone), Nadeem Aslam (Pakistan), and Jim Crace (United Kingdom); in non-fiction, Pankaj Mishra (India) and John Vaillant (United States/Canada); and in drama, Kia Corthron (United States), Sam Holcroft (United Kingdom) and Noëlle Janaczewska (Australia). Their bios are online here. Pages« first ‹ previous 1 2 3 4 next › last »


text:
Poem: Continuum Continuum Ruth McKendree Treen November 18, 2012 UU World Magazine Winter 2012, published by the Unitarian Universalist Association Spirit Personal Inspiration, Personal Stories
Perhaps on a day
very much like today
I shall die.
A pleasant July,
warm and kind.
It might be September
when summer is ending
and autumn begins.
If I die in winter
my ashes will mix with the snow
and melt into spring
as willows turn soft and green.
—And then I'll return
to that time and space
that was my home
before my birth.
This article appeared in the Winter 2012 issue of UU World (page 21).


text:
Lacaveserebiffe.com is a 10 years old domain, situated in France. The domain is linked to the IP address 220.127.116.11.
It was registered by Olivier GERARD , who can be reached at . The site is owned by La Cave Se Rebiffe. Registration details show that it was registered on 16 Dec 2006 through Gandi SAS and will expire on 16 Dec 2016.
The site returns a status code of 200. The site is being served through Web redirection.


text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
PetCo "ForeverHome Pet Rescue"petco.com Porter Ranch, California U.S.A.
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text:
Loonie falls on rate cut outlook
TORONTO (Reuters) - The Canadian dollar slipped against the U.S. dollar on Monday, but was rangebound after the Bank of Canada reiterated interest rates were likely to come down further despite recent data showing the Canadian economy has held up well in the face of the U.S. economic slowdown.
Canadian bond prices followed the larger U.S. Treasury market higher after U.S. equities opened lower.
At 9:40 a.m. EST the Canadian dollar was at 99.80 U.S. cents valuing a U.S. dollar at C$1.0020, up from US$1.0002, valuing a U.S. dollar at 99.98 Canadian cents at Friday's close.
The Canadian dollar held to a tight range of US$1.0010, valuing a U.S. dollar at 99.90 Canadian cents, and 99.80 U.S. cents, making a greenback worth C$1.0020.
"It doesn't seem like there is much out there that's going to drive us out of this range just hovering either side of parity," said Camilla Sutton, currency strategist at Scotia Capital.
Bank of Canada Governor Mark Carney said on Saturday additional interest rate cuts may be needed in Canada as the economy is expected to slow in the face of the U.S. economic downturn.
Carney's comments came despite a jobs report last week that was four times stronger than expected, suggesting the domestic economy is still booming.
The jobs report, which also showed that the unemployment rate returned to October's 33-year low of 5.8 percent, boosted the Canadian dollar by well over a cent to back above parity with the greenback.
But the prospect of lower interest rates in Canada limited the currency's gains. Continued...


text:
Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
my husband and i live in north carolina, my ex-husband lives in florida( not 100% sure where the only address i have is on court papers i received after he was arrested for non payment of child support). my ten year old son would like my husband to adopt him and as a family we have decided this would be the best course of action.my husband (not bio-dad) has been supporting my son since he was five years old--financially and emotionally. the bio-dad has never paid child support (except when the irs seized his taxes on my behalf last year); he has had no contact with my son for three years; per family court he is only entitled to supervised visitation because he refuses to take anger management classes -- he has a mildly violent history; also i discovered that he was convicted of felony charges this year for selling drugs. my question--if he were to fight termination of his parental rights do we still stand a chance of terminating his rights so that my husband can adopt him? ANY help would be greatly appreciated.
Your adoption would proceed under North Carolina law since your are North Carolina residents and your son lives with you. Several things are in play here. One, your son may have to formally consent to the adoption if North Carolina law requires it. Generally, when a legal parent does not support a child, does not maintain a relationship with a child, and essentially "abandons" his relationship with the child, a court will terminate that parent's parental rights in a step-parent adoption. Your case sounds like a classic step-parent situation. Since your husband has really been your son's father for five years, you have an excellent chance of obtaining a step-parent adoption for your son. However, you should confer with a North Carolina adoption attorney to discuss the specifics of North Carolina law. You can find a good adoption attorney through the American Academy of Adoption Attorneys.Ask a similar question
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text:
One side of waist is bigger than the other, is this normal? (Photo)
Hi, I had a tummy tuck, lipo with fat transfer and breast lift. I'm currently 14 days post-op, however, the right side of my waist is bigger (or I should say more swollen...I hope) than the left side. Is this normal, or could it be that my PS didn't lipo the right side as much as the left? It's not alot, but it's noticeable to me.
Doctor Answers 1
One side of waist is bigger than the other, is this normal?
At 14 days post operative you are still early in the healing process. Swelling will continue to settle with time. Address and questions or concerns with your surgeon.
Web reference: http://torontosurgery.com/surgical/brazilian-butt-lift/
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


text:
हेर्नुहोस भिडियो
Music/Artist is given by Ek Narayan Bhandari
Directed by Shankar B.C
Artist are Parbati Rai and Shankar B.c
Rights for this video for YouTube Platform is with Music Nepal: Provided by Sitara Music
In this song vocal is given by bari pangani. which is famous singer in nepal. he was written more then 100 songs. he song is diffrent then other singer. He has abality to cry the audiance by his song. also dancer in this song was sankher b.c.