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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3930004102572847909.post7112544158642962790..comments2017-04-21T13:24:12.779-04:00Comments on Linux and Free software: The best anti-virus out firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-3930004102572847909.post-46118034246675103172010-11-01T23:39:38.550-04:002010-11-01T23:39:38.550-04:00One of the less mentioned benefit of installing Li...One of the less mentioned benefit of installing Linux is that it doesn't suffer that sluggish behavior that affects every Windows box with an anti-virus in firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-3930004102572847909.post-86824688937222520432010-11-01T18:34:40.136-04:002010-11-01T18:34:40.136-04:00I feel that MS and the AV companies are finding wa...I feel that MS and the AV companies are finding way to scare people into buying "newer and better" products. Since i made the jump to Ubuntu, and then to Linux Mint I've been happy with what I got. not to mention actually using Linux to fix my friend's system again and again. He's gotten frustrated with MS was wanting to upgrade to Win7. i got him to dual boot with XP for now, and he's liking it. I though ti was going to be completely alien to him, but he's doing great, and is surprised how fast his PS now with Linux.lycan 762http://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-3930004102572847909.post-50391722409747961862010-11-01T09:21:07.548-04:002010-11-01T09:21:07.548-04:00"Most viruses could be avoided just by follow..."Most viruses could be avoided just by following simple common sense rules."

Common sense ain't all that email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-3930004102572847909.post-72939052959041151032010-10-31T16:07:23.232-04:002010-10-31T16:07:23.232-04:00Interesting article. It is true that as a Linux u...Interesting article. It is true that as a Linux user, you don't have to really worry about any malware provided you follow safe computing practices, especially if you install everything via the Repositories. Also it is important to patch the kernel when needed (sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude safe-upgrade). Unfortunately for Windows, you simply have to be connected to the Internet. Also I would have to say that M$'s bigest mistake was activeX.

At any rate, I sometimes wonder if some of these Legit AV companies are releasing some of their own malware into the wild, just for business. It really wouldn't surprise me. It just like when Symantec was spreading BS FUD against GNU/Linux http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/security-management/2010/05/10/linux-systems-rank-high-on-spam-sender-list-40088889/ . To me it seems that they are upset due to the fact that GNU/Linux Operating systems don't need them (Symantec that is), thus they make no profits with GNU/LINUX so they don't want it to flourish. That would be money lost.

People will try to sell you that BS, if Linux were more popular then it would have the same problems that windows has. Well, they are wrong. Writing a virus for Linux is very complex, considerations for what architecture are you looking at, what file-system, it going to be source? (a good deal of people downloading source files are usually programmers them selves and will check the code). There are many other factors as well, something that will run on one system may not run on a different system with the same Linux distro. If there was an out break, it wouldn't get very far and would be squashed quickly.

Also Linux kernel 2.6.36 has apparmor integrated. Nice article firstname.lastname@example.com


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Forum - View topicANNCast - Macek Training
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Posts: 7304
Location: Penguinopolis
Oh, don't get me wrong. I understood why he did the things he did, and came away a little more knowledgeable about the process of bringing anime to a more broad audience.
That still doesn't excuse his arrogance. The man talks like he's some sort of creative genius, like he's the saivour of anime, and if everyone had listened to him, the marked would have been better off.
The rest of your argument against mine is nonsense. Actually, its nonexistent. You have not countered a single thing I have said and have instead attacked me and labelled me some simply raging fanboy. I deeply respect your opinions when you have them, but it right now you're having a reaction, not an opinion.
I had no real problem with Macek before the podcast. Sure, I resented him as the guy who made bad dubs, but I didn't hate him, because it made sense for the time he worked in. But the things he did later, when anime was more than capable of having solid dubs and subtitles for Japanese tracks, are just disgusting. And I dislike his attitude.
Don't pigeon-hole me.
GATSU - Saying that Macross fans don't want an authentic dub for Macross is like saying Dragon Ball fans don't want one for Dragon Ball Z. The market is definitely there. And I've found that a lot of people didn't even know ADV put out Macross on DVD. Hell, I didn't even notice until they were playing episodes on Anime Network.
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Posts: 1324
Location: St. Louis, MO
An even better podcast than usual, guys...thanks for all the hard work! (And for asking my Fist of the North Star question!)
Lots of food for thought here, but the part that struck me most were Macek's themes of localization and evergreen titles. I get the feeling that I'm somewhat of a rarity among anime/manga fans in that I like localization....I like having a story communicated to me in a way where I, as an American, can lose myself in the story without having to screech to a halt every few minutes to consult translation notes or what have you. You can, of course, take localization way too far and there are times when the material just doesn't support it (particularly if its strongly rooted in Japanese customs), but as long as its done with care, and with the intent of maintaining as much of the creator's original intent, then I'm all for it.
And as for evergreen titles, I think the anime industry's move to producing chiefly TV series has really hurt their ability to cater these sort of evergreen, must-have titles to casual Western anime fans as well as they did in the early 90s. Just as an example, I have a ton of friends who used to be pretty diehard anime watchers, but whose watching habits have waned since college as everyone has gotten jobs, families, what have you. I've been tempted for eons to have an anime night to kind of remind these guys of all of the good stuff they're missing...but what would I show them? If they're only going to watch anime one time, for 2-3 hours, what value is there in showing them just the first 6 episodes of any given show? No matter how good it is, it's not going to give them a complete story, something that offers a sense of closure and, more importantly, something that they might see at the store, remember liking the whole thing, and dropping some money on it so that they can watch it again and again. Movies and OAV series fill that niche so much better, and are able to become those "evergreen" titles both because of their (typically) higher production values and their self-contained nature. I know that the reversal of the TV series trend won't be happening any time soon, but a guy can dream, can't he?
A couple other random thoughts...
- Oh, man, thanks for reminding me about the Robotech: Defenders comic...UGH! I bought an issue of that out of a 3-for-a-$1 bin just because it had "Robotech" in the title but ooooooh man, what a piece of garbage that was. Even the lettering was bad. It takes a special kind of comic to only cost you 33 cents and still feel like a ripoff.
- Nice shoutout to St. Louis when Carl mentioned Voltron! Because the company who made Voltron also owned a TV station here in town, they periodically reran that show well into the late-90s, and it was glorious.
- Thank you for letting Carl go off on the Ren & Stimpy tangent...really interesting stuff.
- It was great to hear the history of Streamline's growth chronologically, as having come to them a bit late in the game ('95) I had it all mixed up. I had no idea that Totoro was one of their very first products...I love that dub.
- The quote that surprised me the most: "14 theatrical releases, all of them making money." Now that's damn impressive.
- It was also really interesting to me how much non-returnability factored into Streamline's early successes. Non-returnability is a hallmark of the comic book direct market distribution model and has been working well for that industry (to a point) for almost 30 years. Contrast that with how returnability has completely decimated several anime and manga publishers and it's interesting to ponder how non-returnability would have changed the face of the anime industry. Sure, stores are more conservative in their ordering since they're stuck with excess inventory, but the publisher can operate a lot more effectively when they know that every sale that goes out the door is final.
- It was nice to hear his philosophy as to why Streamline's series releases (Zillion, Nadia) were truncated, but it didn't make it any less frustrating. To have 8 episodes of Nadia on VHS only to have to wait another decade to see how the story ended...GUH.
But yeah, great podcast all around, guys! And hey, mind if I throw out some ideas of future guests I'd like to hear on ANNCast? This seems like as good a place as any!
- Trish Ledoux and Toshifumi Yoshida
- Matt Thorn
- Claude J. Pelletier
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Posts: 1324
Location: St. Louis, MO
Oh, definitely. I grew up watching Robotech and Voltron and Speed Racer on TV, and I knew all of them were "Japanimation" (as we called it back in those days). Their "different-ness" from everything else on TV at the time was pretty readily apparent, even at age 7 or whatever.
Ditto here. I thought the casting in the original Akira dub was spot-on, personally. Geneon's script was generally clearer and easier to follow, but I still prefer Streamline's overall.
Kind of hard to believe that when your first comment in this thread was you couldn't even hear what he was saying and still found him "rage-inducing." Sounds like you went into this podcast more than ready to be pissed off by anything Macek said.
Arrogance? I didn't hear anything I'd think of as "arrogant"...even when he referred to himself as the "Johnny Appleseed of anime," that was still a pretty modest way of saying he simply got the ball rolling that other people ultimately ran with. I'd say he's understating his historical impact on anime in North America, which is huge regardless of your opinion of the man and his work.
Y'know, if you don't want to be pigeon-holed as a "raging fanboy," you probably shouldn't respond to a two-hour long intelligent, reasoned discussion by calling the guy a "splooge stain." Just a thought.
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Posts: 7304
Location: Penguinopolis
That was just me referencing his reputation.
He's exaggerating and making it seem like if he hadn't, nobody would have, and he should be congratulated for being some creative leader. No, more like he's a savior.
His contributions helped, yes, but he sounds proud of bad dubs. Like Dunbine's dub was anything but a disaster.
I went a little overboard with that, yeah.
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Posts: 101
Since the early 1990s?
An entire shelf of Ghibli DVDs
The Girl Who Leapt Through Time
Paprika and everything else from Satoshi Kon
5 Centimeters Per Second and everything else from Makoto Shinkai
Ghost in the Shell films
Evangelion films
La Maison en Petits Cubes
Summer Wars (at least in the UK this year)
More Lupin III films
In the at-least-they're-pretty department like many early 90s stuff:
The Sky Crawlers
Pokemon Diamond & Pearl film trilogy (it doesn't get more mainstream than this)
Blood: The Last Vampire
Cowboy Bebop the Movie
Escaflowne the Movie
Afro Samurai
Sure, there is more of everything else, but that doesn't mean there isn't also more feature-length anime perfect for an evening gathering.
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Posts: 162
This is fascinating stuff, though it's hilarious to hear someone argue that Lady Death could've been saved at all. I'd really like to hear some people from ADV Films respond to Carl's tales of working there.
The "Uncle Carl" label seems even more appropriate now, since he's like some avuncular old relative who's full of fun stories. And we can all forgive that Thanksgiving fifteen years ago where he had a few too many and threw up in the mashed potatoes.
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Posts: 1324
Location: St. Louis, MO
I guess I could have been more specific...I meant that these are guys who, like me, got hooked on anime in the 1990s on stuff like Akira, Fist of the North Star, Ninja Scroll, what have you, and then dropped off shortly after the era of Cowboy Bebop, Trigun, FLCL, etc. So what I was really looking for in my idle musing there were movies/OAVs that are really current to show them what's going on now.
You did mention some really good material (the Ghibli, Kon, Shinkai, and Hosoda stuff, for example), but those don't quite scratch the same "big adult action anime" itch. I mean, I know there's stuff out there (Afro Samurai, Appleseed), and maybe I'm not looking in the right places but those seem like the exception rather than the rule. Where's today's Wicked City, or Macross Plus?
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Posts: 338
Even though Mr. Macek spoke very softly at times making it kind of hard to hear, I think this podcast might be my favorite to date. Its fascinating to hear the point of view of someone who has as much experience in the business as he does; puts things in perspective.
Don't feel alone, I also like localization for the same reasons you state as well as a few others. I'm certainly not what you'd call a purist, in anything really, not just anime.
That's right, I had forgotten about that. What station was that?
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Posts: 14114
ABTAP: My point was that, without Harmony Gold, Macross might have ended up with some faceless corporation only out there to get some toy sales out of it, where the rights might have been stuck in licensing hell, like DYRL. In other words, it would not be subbed and uncut today. And I've seen the subbed tape for Akira, and I did not notice any difference from the Geneon subs, other than the slang. In fact, the Geneon script was worse, because the company just had to insert some random joke about Tenchi Muyo in there. The Cagliostro print I've seen only had the names changed, as per the legal wrangling with the LeBlanc estate. And the Nue/Tatsunoko tension out-dates HG's own assertion of its Robotech copyright.
Charred Knight: I've seen all the original shows and Robotech, and I seriously do not notice a significant difference in the content. If people want to see a company rape an anime, watch the DiC CCS or 4Kids One Piece. Or the obvious Warriors of the Wind.
That is such bs. You could still watch the imports or fansubs. Totally different from when a monpolistic a-hole like Harvey Weinstein sues sites like HKFlix from selling uncut versions of Shaolin Soccer, or writes a contract where he's the only one allowed to distribute Fist of Legend and Drunken Master 2 on home video. Or when Buena Vista Japan and Sunrise try to screw us out of the Japanese tracks for Princes Mononoke and the original Mobile Suit Gundam.
But the Japanese version ends up going in the same direction with the added episodes, anyway.
Actually, I remember a couple fans who were absolutely pissed at the idea that ADV "stole" Macross from Animeigo, and they were buying up leftover box-sets. Didn't matter that ADV would have made the series cheaper and more available, with the possibility that the thing was profitable enough to get some of the newer OVAs. ADV was just stepping on their turf. [There's some sort of rivalry issue for some reason, just because ADV picked up the YUA movies and Shin KOR, since it's completely different from CPM licensing Beautiful Dreamer. ] And yeah, you can tell that the fact that ADV went under very soon after that the dub didn't make a difference.
As for DB, I'd imagine the hardcore fans want a dub which isn't from FUNimation. But unfortunately, FUNi wouldn't be where it is today if those newbs weren't so eager to buy the edited versions of Z. Hell, they're willing to settle for an inferior picture job being misleadingly labeled as "enhanced". And some of them were even willing to stand their ground on friggin' DB: E, for f**k's sake! So I don't really consider that fanbase a beacon of a quality.
Last edited by GATSU on Fri Jan 15, 2010 6:06 pm; edited 1 time in total
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Posts: 1324
Location: St. Louis, MO
KPLR channel 11. Which back then was an independent but is now a CW station. Voltron even gets a mention in their Wikipedia article....apparently they were the company behind Denver, the Last Dinosaur, too. That explains a lot...
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Posts: 7270
Location: Vancouver
The fact is that Macek is a very smart business man. You may not like everything he's done but I think he deserves a lot of credit for that. It's easy to sit back in retrospect and talk about how if he hadn't done what he did for anime someone else would have but that's nothing but wild and baseless speculation. It's also highly questionable reasoning. The only people that might have been able to do what he did to push anime into the mainstream would have been someone just like him and you'd probably hate them just as much and if it were some purist fanboy, well I doubt they would have managed to capture even close to the same mainstream appeal precisely because they are not smart business people willing to make smart business decisions.
Lord knows I hate to see anime messed with but I for one think that the current industry could desperately use more smart business men like Macek instead of a bunch of fanboys making stupid mistakes and running failing companies. If that means we don't always get accurate dubs then so be it.
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Posts: 101
Perhaps this is the more accurate way to describe the situation: anime in America has expanded beyond the young-males-with-disposable-income-and-free-evenings demographic that it had in the early 1990s.
There's still just as much of that kind of action anime fare--it's just that there more of everything else. American anime fans are getting a better glimpse of wide variety of anime that Japan offers.
Now, if you still want "big adult action anime" after FLCL, there's:
Sword of the Stranger
Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence
Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex: Solid State Society
New Evangelion films
Patlabor WXIII
Blood: The Last Vampire
Vexille - 2077 Isolation of Japan
Diebuster Aim for the Top!
The Animatrix
Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO: The Hidden One Year War
Armitage: Dual-Matrix
Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children
Blue Gender: The Warrior
Afro Samurai
Highlander: The Search for Vengeance
Batman: Gotham Knight
More Lupin III films
There's a lot of that out there, just like there's a lot of everything else out there.
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Posts: 7304
Location: Penguinopolis
The thing is, other people were already doing what he did and I don't see or hear them painting themselves as heroes. Has Macek heard of a guy named Frederik L. Schodt? Peter Fernandez? Sandy Frank? He's probably heard of World Events Productions, since they did Voltron.
Bad dubs were necessary back in the day to meet standards and practices, to extend anime's range, but you're saying that bad dubs will help save anime now, when the standards we have are higher?
So, what's the ratio we should have, then? For every Darker than Black dub we should have two Dragon Ball Z dubs (I realize that both are by the same company)?
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Posts: 101
It's not a matter of absolutes, and one can be both--one can be a smart business person and cater to both mainstream and dedicated fan audiences. Prosperity and accurate dubs/subs (remember, even the rare Streamline Pictures subs were needlessly inaccurate) are not mutually exclusive. Despite early mistakes, Funimation and Viz Media are proof of that.
Macek certainly was a capable business man, but calling him a very smart business man obscures the major mistakes to which he contributed. Trying to produce 65 animated episodes in less than a year with a measure of quality is one of them. (The falling dollar and lackluster toy sales often get the blame, but people forget that Robotech II: The Sentinels was already doomed by being seriously behind schedule and overly ambitious due to the U.S. team's inexperience in daily television animation production.) Macek's belief that the Lady Death film could've saved it all demonstrates a case of wishful coulda-been thinking at best, and serious myopia at worse. Funimation and Viz Media indicates that there are smarter business people in the business.
Macek holds himself up to criticism because he holds himself up as not just a business man, but one who takes creative credit that is not necessarily all his.
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Posts: 1185
Location: Florida
Great podcast. I keep saying you are knocking them out of the park, then it gets better.
Since I'm a new anime fan, and didn't come to it via cartoons or comics, I have no historical animosity regarding localization (though I watch everything subbed now from the viewpoint of enjoying "foreign" film in its original form). It's just a really fascinating glimpse into the beginnings of an industry, before commercial formula and standardization set in, and I love those stories.
Regardless of anything else, you have a guy who had the skills and also the savvy to leverage them. He also got RESULTS. Something an anti-capitalist, or fanboy, won't appreciate. 14 profitable films speak for themselves in comparison to today's market. The Captain Harlock story is classic and priceless. I laughed out loud having witnessed these scenarios before. The point is, though, you could've lined up 50 people behind Macek, and maybe 1 of them would have actually gotten the job done, not to mention right, despite the insanity of the project. That other person might or might not have gotten a better result, but it doesn't matter.
All in all, just an inspiring story about someone able to get things done under simply ridiculous conditions and requirements. Someone who, as fate would have it, happened to be in the right place at the right time with the right skills, and more importantly was someone who was willing to put in the effort required to get the best result he could envision to meet the purpose and goal at hand.
And I didn't find him arrogant in the least. Proud of what he's done? Sure. And damn well good that he is. He's got nothing to apologize for, and if you can't stand that, then frankly that's your problem and nobody cares. You're more than welcome to submit your own list of accomplishments, though, and impress us with those.
Yeah, stock put-down of someone's talent and accomplishments. See those gravestones... no one's special, and they are all replaceable. No, he's not the second coming, and yes, the anime boom would likely have happened anyway, but that takes nothing away from this guy's work.
Sure, maybe the picture is painted more rosy than it was. Fact is, most of what anyone does at that point in an industry's birth is "questionable" by definition. Why? Because it hasn't been done yet, or to any degree to establish standards of success. There aren't any experts to turn to or guidebooks. If you can be that successful in those circumstances, you are a rare bird indeed.
It's very easy to criticize those actions in retrospect, but it's rather silly in fact to do so.
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Gang related?
This is a discussion on Another officer executed near St. Louis within the In the News: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly forums, part of the The Back Porch category; It occurred in Centreville, IL, which is very near East St. Louis. Initial reports say someone came up behind the officer, who was in uniform ...
It occurred in Centreville, IL, which is very near East St. Louis. Initial reports say someone came up behind the officer, who was in uniform and in his unmarked patrol car, and shot him once in the head.
Condolences to the family.
Centreville officer shot and killed - STLtoday.comCentreville officer shot and killed
The scene where Lt. Gregory Jonas, 58, was shot and killed early today outside the Ernest Smith Senior Apartments in Centreville. (Emily Rasinski/P-D)By Kim Bell
UPDATE, 7:35 a.m. with new details from deputy police chief and interviews with neighbors.
CENTREVILLE, Ill. -- A veteran police officer has been shot and killed early today outside the Ernest Smith Senior Apartments in Centreville.
The officer is identified as Lt. Gregory Jonas, 58. He had been with the Centreville force for nearly 15 years and was an officer in Alorton before that.
Police say he was on-duty at about 2:30 a.m. today when someone fatally shot him at the complex in the 4700 block of Tudor Avenue.
The Major Case Squad has been activated to investigate the case. No arrests had been made.
Deputy Chief James Mister said Jonas was in uniform and on duty at the time. He had come to the apartment complex in an unmarked patrol car.
"He was making his nightly rounds," Mister said. "He was checking on a couple of guys when one of them came up behind him and shot him."
No other officers were hurt.
"He was everybody's friend, a good guy," Mister said. "He was well-known in the community out here. Everybody knew him to be a fair guy."
A lifelong resident of the apartment complex, Delano Mosley, said she woke to the sight of flashing police lights outside her window. Her heart sank, she said, when she found out the officer killed was someone she knew. Jonas was a quiet, friendly man who would drive around the neighborhood, waving from his police car, Mosley said. He also would take time out to throw a football with the kids, she said.
Another resident, Lillie Smith, said she woke up after the shooting, came outside and saw Jonas on his back, wounded on the ground, next to his police car with the car door open.
"He was shot up pretty bad, in the left eye," she said. "He was trying to say something. I stayed with him until the police arrived. I just told him, 'Hold on.' But he couldn't. That's sad. That's very sad."
Smith, 52, said she has lived in the apartment complex 14 years.
"We've been having a lot of shootings around here," she said. "Sometimes, they'll be shooting guns up in the air. Sometimes they are shooting at each other."
Smith said Jonas was one of the officers she trusted to try to curb that violence.
"He was the one who was trying to help us solve this," she said. "He'd stop and tell the boys on the corner to stay out of trouble."
Every morning, when Smith would leave for work about 5:30 a.m., she would see Jonas waiting in his police car until Smith got safely into her van.
"He was watching over us," she said.
This is a breaking story. Check back for updates.
jeez man, that about chokes me up. What a shame.
"Run for your life from the man who tells you that money is evil. That sentence is the leper's bell of an approaching looter. So long as men live together on earth and need means to deal with one another-their only substitute, if they abandon money, is the muzzle of a gun."
Who is John Galt?
Very tragic...senseless, and very sad for the cohorts and family members.
There's going to be a LOT more to this story.
Proverbs 27:12 says: The prudent see danger and take refuge, but the simple keep going and suffer for it.
Certified Glock Armorer
NRA Life Member
Senseless and tragic. And hard to hear, especially after hearing how he seems to have affected local residents.
NRA member
GrassRoots GunRights SC member
Walther PPS .40 / KelTec P3AT
Sounds like people who knew him were blessed to have known him and I hope he felt honored at how he was able to positively affect peoples lives. Based on the quotes from those who knew him, he really took the "protect and serve" part of the job to heart.
"Run for your life from the man who tells you that money is evil. That sentence is the leper's bell of an approaching looter. So long as men live together on earth and need means to deal with one another-their only substitute, if they abandon money, is the muzzle of a gun."
Who is John Galt?
I agree, tragic and senseless. Hopefully the scum who did it will meet a similar end very soon.
How utterly horrible. Prayers for his family and loved ones. I hope they catch the piece of human garbage who did this.
Don't frisk me, I am the weapon.
Sig Sauer P239 DAK (9mm)
NRA Member & Pistol Instructor
When they catch the POS, he should be hung by his brain stem with piano wire.
It comes a time in your life when you run across someone you should have never @#$$% with. Allow me to introduce myself!
Nope they won't hang him by his brain stem, they pronounce him as a person who was trying to get his life together, a misunderstood individual who was trying to do good. TOTAL BS
My sympathies to the officer's family
NRA Life member
GOA member
So, restrictive gun banning laws in Illinois do what??? Keeps the guns from falling in who's hands???
A sad story...
Duty, Honor, Country...MEDIC!!!
¡Cuánto duele crecer, cuan hondo es el dolor de alzarse en puntillas y observar con temblores de angustia, esa cosa tremenda, que es la vida del hombre! - René Marqués
So sad. The guy that shot him should be treated as he treated! I hate this kind of stuff. And they want to take my gun????? Right!
2 Chronicles 7:14 If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land.
terrible, hope they are caught soon.
Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state, an intolerable one.
― Thomas Paine
Gang related? Vermin related. Break out the rat poison.
"Each worker carried his sword strapped to his side." Nehemiah 4:18
Guns Save Lives. Paramedics Save Lives. But...
Paramedics With Guns Scare People!


text:
Thanks for talking to us! What have you been working on lately?
You're working on Voron, a managed port of LMDB. How is Voron an improvement over LMDB, and how do you plan to use it?
LMDB is a great DB, but being unmanaged means that the support burden that it carries is pretty high. We like to take ownership of our entire stack. And that is part of the reason why we started working on our own storage engine in the first place. Another aspect of that is that we have very different needs than what LMDB is optimized for. We routinely work with very large objects, we care a lot about write speed, etc.
Having our own managed storage engine gives us the ability to tailor the solution directly to our needs.
Are there any particular developer tools or resources you couldn't live without?
Do you have a favorite open source project (or projects) that you've contributed to recently?
Did you have a coding first love -- a particular program, gadget, game, or language that set you on the path to life as a developer?
I still consider Rhino Mocks to be one of the best codebases that I ever wrote. It is a small codebase, less than 15KLOC, but it s a really good one, if I do say so myself. And it was able to survive moving from .NET 1.0 to .Net 3.5 with many changes in between with very little change to the core architecture.
Anything else you'd like to mention?
Thanks, Ayende!
Check out Ayende's blog and Twitter !


text: On Sun, Sep 04, 2005 at 12:23:43AM -0700, Andrew Morton wrote: > > What would be an acceptable replacement? I admit that O_NONBLOCK -> trylock > > is a bit unfortunate, but really it just needs a bit to express that - > > nobody over here cares what it's called. > > The whole idea of reinterpreting file operations to mean something utterly > different just seems inappropriate to me. Putting aside trylock for a minute, I'm not sure how utterly different the operations are. You create a lock resource by creating a file named after it. You get a lock (fd) at read or write level on the resource by calling open(2) with the appropriate mode (O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY/O_RDWR). Now that we've got an fd, lock value blocks are naturally represented as file data which can be read(2) or written(2). Close(2) drops the lock. A really trivial usage example from shell: node1$ echo "hello world" > mylock node2$ cat mylock hello world I could always give a more useful one after I get some sleep :) > You get a lot of goodies when using a filesystem - the ability for > unrelated processes to look things up, resource release on exit(), etc. If > those features are valuable in the ocfs2 context then fine. Right, they certainly are and I think Joel, in another e-mail on this thread, explained well the advantages of using a filesystem. > But I'd have thought that it would be saner and more extensible to add new > syscalls (perhaps taking fd's) rather than overloading the open() mode in > this manner. The idea behind dlmfs was to very simply export a small set of cluster dlm operations to userspace. Given that goal, I felt that a whole set of system calls would have been overkill. That said, I think perhaps I should clarify that I don't intend dlmfs to become _the_ userspace dlm api, just a simple and (imho) intuitive one which could be trivially accessed from any software which just knows how to read and write files. --Mark -- Mark Fasheh Senior Software Developer, Oracle mark fasheh oracle com


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Originally posted on Fox Soccer | Last updated 10/23/12
Andy Carroll believes he wasn't given a "fair chance" to succeed at Liverpool . The big striker scored just six Premier League goals for the Reds after joining them from Newcastle in January 2011, and was sent out on loan to West Ham after Brendan Rodgers arrived in the summer. And he believes that he was not given the opportunity to do his best at Anfield. "I haven't really had a fair chance at Liverpool," Carroll told ESPN. "I was really told that I should move on to keep playing regular football, and obviously then Sam (Allardyce) wanted me here and told me I would be playing regular games. "So, for me it was a no-brainer coming here and to play. "Obviously, I didn't really get a chance there. A new manager came in and I wasn't part of his plans. "For me to play football, that was my chance to do that. That is why I am here at Upton Park. "I think I could fit into every system. I believe in what I can do. Obviously he [Rodgers] has his beliefs and he didn't think that. "B...
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text:
Home › Plex for Android (old)
Has anyone had an opportunity to try Plex on the N7? Are they out in the States yet? It's not coming to the UK until next week.
Anyway, it should be pretty awesome, right?
Welcome to our forums! Please take a few moments to read through our Community Guidelines (also conveniently linked in the header at the top of each page). There, you'll find guidelines on conduct, tips on getting the help you may be searching for, and more!
Plex on Google Nexus 7
rasobey Posts: 152 Plex Pass
Anyone tried it yet?I'm going to be picking up a Google Nexus 7 in a few weeks - after it's set in that I'm not going to see a Plex client for my Blackberry Playbook.
Has anyone had an opportunity to try Plex on the N7? Are they out in the States yet? It's not coming to the UK until next week.
Anyway, it should be pretty awesome, right?
paviktherin Posts: 210 Plex PassIt works beautifully. I've spoken with a couple people that got a device at Google IO as well as played around with it on my friend's device from Google IO.
Loved it so much I ordered one. I'm hoping it is here by next week.0
darrin Plex Dev Team Posts: 2,044Yes we went to IO this year and had it up and running same day. It worked beautifully out of the box. It looks to be an excellent platform for Plex for Android.0
email@example.com Posts: 1Sorry for kicking this old topic but I received my Nexus 7 today and would like to stream MKV to my Plex on Nexus 7 in 720p format but can't do it. What am I doing wrong?0
midnighttuck Posts: 73 Plex Passditto.....I'd have thought the tegra3 nexus can playback HD mkvs etc without transcoding, but from the little play I had on it, the pc was transcoding, and think the results looked comparatively low res0


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there is no need to be upset
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text:
Announcing SketchUp 3D Basecamp 2010
July 21st, 2010 | Published in Google SketchUp
It's my pleasure to announce that 3D Basecamp 2010 will take place at the end of this summer. We're bringin' it back to Colorado, and we're changing the format a little bit. This time, we'd like to welcome SketchUp experts – ninjas, gurus, fanatics, la crème de la crème – to join us. We want to see what will happen when everyone in attendance is a SketchUp master.
In keeping with the times (and the crowd), we've decided to make this an unconference. Apart from a few "we'd like to show you a couple of things" presentations, the content of Basecamp 2010 will be decided by you. Less slide show, more discussions; that's what we're aiming for.
To recap:
3D Basecamp 2010
September 1, 2 and 3
Boulder, Colorado, USA
Who gets to come?
We're not charging a fee, but space is definitely limited. We've already stacked the deck by inviting a select group of the SketchUp faithful -- they've already heard from us. Now we're opening up the remaining slots to anyone who'd like to come. Anyone who's a SketchUp wizard who'd like to come, that is.
Here's what we've decided to do: On Friday, July 23rd at 09:00 MDT (15:00 GMT), we'll switch on the Invitation Request form. All you have to do is fill out the form. We'll ask for your name, your email address and a single link. That link is very, very important.
Your link should lead to a single image. That image should portray an example of your SketchUp mastery. Show us your best model. It doesn't matter what you've modeled; it only matters that your work clearly demonstrates your level of skill. Blow our socks off, please.
On Monday, July 26th at 09:00 MDT (15:00 GMT), we'll switch off the form and start looking at submissions, beginning with the first one we receive and working our way down the list. Once we've reached our quota of first-class modelers (probably around 150), we'll stop looking.
If you're selected, you'll receive a confirmation email on Friday, July 30th 2010. That email will contain details about what to do next. One more thing:
See you in Boulder!
Questions? Check out this FAQ.
Posted by Aidan Chopra, SketchUp Evangelist
One more thing:I'll add a "ready, set, go!" post to this blog on Friday when the form's live. That post will include a link to the form.


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Direct mail is the practice of targeting potential customers who have shown in the past that they might react positively to the product or service you are offering.
As a result, it is tantamount that more research goes into the analysis of who is a good sales lead or not. It would be a waste of your time and money to distribute direct mails to people who have no use for your business.
For example, someone who has recently bought an expensive TV might also be interested in the DVD player that you are trying market. So Traceps would give you this sales lead as it would more likely than not result in profit.
Every sales lead is carefully analysed to determine if it is the best for your direct mail campaign.
Traceps also knows that sending direct mails is a popular marketing strategy for all kinds of businesses, from top "for-profit" companies, to charity organisations, to political campaigns even. That's why quality sales leads are so important, as you have to be able to feel confident that you are reaching your desired target market with every direct mail that is sent out.
The popularity of direct mail has also grown in 2011, as this is the day and age of consumers not wanting to be a nameless entity anymore. People are inundated with information every second these days, so a direct mail from a business that has done their research with sales leads and found a link with that person, might cut through the noise.
Using quality sales leads ensure that you only target those that will be interested with your direct mail campaign. As when you send out blanket leaflets to unsearched sales leads, you run a high risk of turning people off your brand. People with no immediate use for your offerings could see your business as a pest, and in the future will not think of you when shopping around.
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text:
Life With An Autistic Son Gave This Mom A Voice And Strength
Parenthood is a journey where we learn to embrace and enjoy the beautiful moments and we learn to cope with the challenges that parenthood brings us.
It is an honour to share this story of a truly inspiring woman and mother of two who has learned to alter her life with an autistic son.
So what exactly is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
According to Autism Ontario, ASD is a life-long neurological disorder that affects the way a person communicates and relates to the people and world around them. ASD can affect behaviour, social interactions and one's ability to communicate verbally. ASD is a spectrum disorder, which means that while all people with ASD will experience certain difficulties, the degree to which each person on the spectrum experiences these challenges will be different.
Onset is early childhood and the presentation changes with development over the life span.
Adele and Aidan's Story
In 2001, a life-changing event occurred within Adele's immediate family, and at the same time Adele noticed changes in her youngest son, Aidan, who was only 14 months at the time. The changes she noticed were: he completely stopped talking; he would not respond to his name; had many night terrors; made no eye contact and he would get much more frustrated.
With these concerns, she took Aidan to the pediatrician and from there they were referred to a developmental pediatrician. After a six-month wait to be seen, they were seen by the developmental pediatrician. Many tests and assessments were done. In the meantime, Adele kept track of the changes as the behaviours started to get worse. In 2003, Aidan was diagnosed with autism. By this time he was two years old.
Aidan received Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) through Erinoak Kids Centre for Treatment and Development for only two years, as they were on a waiting list for four years (this is government-run program). While Aidan was on the wait list, Adele and her husband paid for private ABA therapy on a part-time basis (this was all that they could afford at the time) and Aidan was also enrolled in preschool.
On top of this, Adele, did a lot of work with Aidan at home and she was able to help him a great deal as she is what I like to call a "warrior." Adele did a lot of research to better educate herself on autism and she came across a community organization called Community Living Mississauga that provided her with resources and workshops to help her.
Once Aidan was discharged from Erinoak Kids Centre for Treatment and Development for ABA therapy and transitioned full time to elementary school, the teachers at his school were amazing and supportive. But of course Adele never gave up and ensured that the hard work at home continued, too.
"This did not change my life but it altered it. This is all I have known."
This experience has made Adele realize that there is a lot more that she could do. She was no longer shy and became more assertive. This motherhood path that she was on gave her a voice and strength, and she became fair but firm. "I never gave up and will always be there for my sons," Adele stated.
When reflecting on her journey, I asked Adele what she felt was the biggest accomplishment for her and her son. Adele responded with such pride in her voice and said, "He is able to use the bathroom on his own at the age of 13."
Some may not understand the significance in this, but as a mom who has heard from experts that her son will be in diapers for the rest of his life, to have him do this on his own is just an amazing accomplishment!
Parenthood is a tough job to begin with, so I asked Adele what advice she can give to a family who has a child with Autism. Adele stated: "It's not the end of the world and there is hope! Don't believe everything you hear. It is hard work and it isn't easy but it can be done."
She further added, "Your children do grow up and you need to adapt with their growth. Get past the judgement and develop a thick skin."
Being a working mom with a busy household does not stop Adele from helping others. Often she helps and guides other moms of autistic children. She comforts them and is always ready to answer any questions that they may have. On top of it all, she gives back to the organization that has helped her family by organizing and executing an annual fundraiser. Money raised from the event supports programs and the summer camps for kids with intellectual disabilities at Community Living Mississauga.
"You go through so many feelings when you first hear that your child has autism. You feel a fear of the unknown; guilt; denial and then acceptance. It is tough but the rewards are priceless. Never give up! The best moment for me is when you finally hear 'mom' when you were told you would never hear it." Adele lastly adds, "I wouldn't change him for anything!"
Adele's journey is inspirational and a great lesson for us to love one another no matter how we may be perceived by others. Someone with autism is just a person with individual needs. A person with loving family members. A person who needs to be accepted and included in her or his community. As this person grows into adulthood they need to be given equal opportunity preparing for and succeeding in adulthood. Autism does not end in childhood and it stays with them for the rest of their lives. Let us be more supportive of them and their amazing families that exemplify pure strength.
Thank you Adele for sharing your story of hope, courage and never giving up. Thank you for all that you do for your family and community.
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At first autism meant "scary" to our family. As time went on autism became normal. The littlest things like your child eating a new food puts you in a good mood and warrants a brag post on Facebook!
It means seeing the world through a different set of lenses.
It would take at least a dozen pictures. Him reading a book at 3-years-old, even though no one taught him how. Crying because the sun hurts his eyes or his brothers were just too loud. Laughing. Snuggling. Riding his bike. He has taught us so much. He is truly our sunshine.
Our daughter has Down syndrome and autism and is a small piece of the puzzle. Autism means a little more unique than the rest...
Autism is enjoying swings, rides and slides!
Autism means your child can be your hero.
Autism to me means cherishing every milestone, every bite of food, every babble, every time my son points to something to share interest, every hug, every kiss. We rejoiced when he would tolerate eating a sucker! It was a big deal! Literally every moment or stride brings me joy and hope.
To our family autism means compassion and patience. It inspires me to see the uniqueness in all children, even "typical" kids.
Autism means building from our strengths and what brings us joy.
Taking family vacations like everyone else.
Autism means that moments like these are rare and treasured and completely unforgettable.
Autism means looking at the world through a magnificent set of lenses that only he can provide.
Autism is celebrating the accomplishments that others overlook -- even something as simple as touching sand!
Autism means sometimes she wants a big hug -- just not from her mommy. Autism means understanding all her nonverbal cues and never taking it personally.
It means never having the socially accepted "appropriate" answer, but always being a delightful surprise and a ray of fresh sunshine. Also it means hating babies but loving his little brother unconditionally.
It means taking a completely different path on the journey you had in your mind, all while learning that beauty is nothing like you ever imagined, it's better.
Autism to us means knowing that not everyone will understand and that's OK.
Autism means learning and changing. I never expected to be here, but I will do everything I can to help my son.
Autism means that it's not going to be how I thought it would be. It means taking a different path than most. It means I will hold his hand and walk with him through whatever struggle we face or success we have.
Autism means finding joy in each and every accomplishment! Autism means challenges, loving so much it hurts, growth, setbacks, memorizing every line from a movie, picky eating, laughing, innocence. This kid's future is so bright that he needs his shades indoors.
It means the rules change every day, food usually doesn't get eaten, and I was lucky enough to give birth to the bravest Superman I've ever known.
To us, autism means not assuming that ASD kids are unhappy or un-bonded to their families. Drew is the sweetest, kindest, most loving little boy. In our life, autism means getting stuck in every entrance door because Drew has a fixation on doors. It also means protecting our sweet baby from the mean people who have cussed at him when he's had a meltdown in public.
It's about living out loud; he never censors himself to make anyone feel more comfortable, he is unapologetically himself. When you're a freshman and your sister is a senior and she takes you as her date to the winter formal, that's a pretty fantastic thing. Sure, he may have both Down syndrome AND autism, but he's also got some killer dance moves; neither diagnosis defines him.
It means we learn to take on this crazy world in a whole different way together, we teach each other and the people around us to think and learn a different and unique way. My favorite saying: " I would not change you for the world, but I would change the world for you"
I believe autism means to have more patience and be more patient and to have an open mind for new ideas to overcome challenges. I believe every child has a story, they are unique and beautiful in their special ways.
We are a military family with two beautiful boys on the spectrum and to us autism is just love.
Follow Melanie Braga on Twitter: www.twitter.com/melmbraga


text:
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Our Vision
e-Volunteerism has been written for volunteer leaders around the world who want to be informed and challenged about volunteering trends and issues. When we began in 2000, we were the first and only electronic publication for the field, combining the best characteristics of a printed professional journal with the explosive potential of Internet technology. Today, we strive to:
- Provide cutting-edge information on all aspects of volunteer involvement;
- Tap into an international base of knowledge and experience;
- Maximize interactions among readers and authors by using the power of the Internet.
Get to Know Our Feature Areas
It's important to us to be experimental -- and have some fun -- with new ways of sharing knowledge. Each issue offers several feature articles, and we always try to find material about a new topic or material that presents a topic in a different way. And although this journal is in English, we publish material from authors in over two dozen countries. In addition to our feature articles, you will also find these recurring special sections:
- Points of View. Commentaries by founding publisher Susan J. Ellis and contributing editor Rob Jackson.
- Training Designs. In each issue, Designer/Editor Erin Spink or a guest writer presents an in-depth exploration of one volunteer-related training technique or topic, with group exercises you can use immediately. There are often PDFs of handouts and even PowerPoint(R) slides ready to go.
- Along the Web. Co-editors Erick Lear and Arnie Wickens constantly browse the Web for news, studies or just great information about volunteering. Each quarter, they take turns sharing the best of what they have found, linking readers to relevant Web sites on many topics of interest to volunteerism leaders.
- Voices. This section presents the perspectives of colleagues around the world -- today and yesterday. There are several revolving formats. Periodically, Susan Ellis shares "forgotten" material written more than 25 years ago but still relevant to the field today. Andy Fryar and Rob Jackson regularly convene Keyboard Roundtable, where a group of participants from around the world share their perspectives on a volunteerism topic. Voices also offers in-depth audio interviews and videos, as well as periodic opinion pieces from readers.
- Research to Practice. Editor Laurie Mook, a Canadian academic currently teaching in the U.S., provides articles that interpret scholarly research for practitioners.
Constantly Changing
e-Volunteerism is a quarterly "publication," with a comprehensive Table of Contents, a feature or two, and several sections posted at the start of each quarter (January 15, April 15, July 15, October 15). During the quarter, we continue to post new content until, at the end of three months, the entire issue is available
Completely Interactive
EVERY item in the publication is interactive, inviting you to contribute comments and additional materials. At the end of each quarter, that issue is archived; its articles and features continue to be accessible and interactive in the Archives.
Dynamic Staff
Spearheaded by internationally-known volunteerism consultants Steve McCurley and Susan J. Ellis, the editorial team combines great writing skills with a savvy understanding of the field.


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Afternoon analysis 13.05.2015:
The dollar dropped after poor data from the US economy concerning the consumption. Greece fell back into recession. The zloty exploited the European Commission's recommendation to take off the excessive debt procedure form Poland.
The Americans are still reluctant to spend the money. Today's data concerning the retail sales growth has disappointed again. It is not very comforting that the numbers concerning the previous month were revised up.
In April the retail sales was unchanged form the preceding period. It was clearly a result below the expected 0.3 percent on a monthly basis. The numbers concerning the previous month were revised up to 1.1 percent from 0.9 percent reported earlier.
The core retail sales numbers also missed the forecast. The sales growth in this category stood at 0.1 percent - less than 0.5 percent that was predicted. The reading concerning the previous month was revised up to 0.7 percent from 0.4 percent reported a month ago.
The US households are still reluctant to spend the money in spite of low prices of gasoline and very strong expansion in the labor market. Given the reluctance to consume, the GDP growth may be negatively affected as the consumption spending adds up to about 70 percent if the US economy.
Given the recent poor data from the US economy, a downward pressure on the dollar mounts. The latest reports form the US are shifting the expectations for the Federal Reserve to rise rates further in more distant months of the 2015. Current consensus for the Fed to rise rates is September. Earlier this, the forecast was June.
Mixed data
Today's data concerning the euro zone countries were mixed. On one hand, the GDP readings form France and Italy were above the forecast. However, the readings concerning the second and the third largest economy in the monetary union are not very good. On the other hand, the reading concerning the German economy missed the expectations (more on the issue in our morning commentary).
Later, the report concerning the GDP growth in the whole euro zone was released. However, the data missed the forecast. The GDP growth stood at 1 percent - less than 1.1 percent projected.
Eurostat release reveal a negative economic landscape in Greece. In the first quarter of 2015 the GDP growth stood at minus 0.2 percent after dropping 0.4 percent in the last quarter of 2014. As a result, the economy fell back into recession. It is little comforting, the GDP growth was better than negative 0.5 percent that was expected.
Today's readings from Greece revealed an ongoing deterioration in the economic landscape. Earlier, the data on PMI index showed steeper contraction in the industry. Moreover, the European Commission forecast for the Greek economy was negative. As a result, the pressure mounts on the Greek government to broker a deal with country's international creditors.
A stronger zloty
Wednesday's session is very successful for the zloty. The Polish currency posted gains against all its major pairs. The USD/PLN moved briefly below 3.60 zloty.
The Polish currency is strengthened - as other emerging market currencies - due to poor report from the US economy. The weakness of the US economy is shifting the expectations for the Fed to rise rates further into the future - a situation favorable for high yielding assets.
Moreover, the recent news concerning Poland are helping the zloty. The European Commission recommended today to take off the excessive debt procedure form Poland. This means that, the European officials are satisfied with the progress that Poland made in the field of the public finance revamp. The EC forecast the 2.8 percent deficit to GDP ratio in 2015 and 2.6 percent in the next year. The deficit exceeding 3 percent GDP is a subject to financial penalties.
The EC decision is another factor that supports the Polish currency. If the risk aversion is limited, the zloty will return to gains against all its major pairs.
Вышеизложенный комментарий не является рекомендацией в понимании Постановления министра финансов от 19 октября 2005 года. Он был составлен с информационной целью и не является основанием для принятия инвестиционных решений. Ни автор работы, ни Cinkciarz.pl ООО не несут отвественность за инвестиционные решения, принятые на основании информации, которая приведена в данном комментарии. Копирование и распространение данной работы без письменного согласия Cinkciarz.pl Sp. z o.o. запрещено.
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Bangalore, Nov 1 (UNI) ICICI Bank Managing Director K V Kamath today said that the bank does not condone any action of its recovery agents that are 'not appropriate'.
Talking to reporters on the sidelines of the 15th CII Summit here, he said the bank would certainly work in concert with the policy on recovery agents and do as the regulator (RBI) had suggested.
His reaction comes in the wake of the death of a borrower of the bank in Hyderabad recently. The wife of the borrower had alleged that pressure from the recovery agents had led to her husband's death. Following this RBI had directed all the banks to appoint their own recovery agents and warned the banks against harassment of the borrowers.
''We are responsible players and have good practices. However, if any such actions happened, we do not condone it. Each bank will have to look at the appointment of its agents,'' he added.


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Salinity-induced modulation of growth and antioxidant activity in the callus cultures of miswak (Salvadora persica)
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0064-6
- Cite this article as:
- Sharma, V. & Ramawat, K.G. 3 Biotech (2013) 3: 11. doi:10.1007/s13205-012-0064-6
Miswak (Salvadora persica Linn.) is a medium-sized tree, desert facultative halophytic plant. Besides edible fruits and non-edible seed oil, the plant contains several bioactive compounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins and sterols related to food and cosmetic industries. In the present study, physiological responses and antioxidant potential under salinity stress were investigated in callus cultures of S. persica to evaluate its use as a source of antioxidant. The callus cultures were grown on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l each of 2,4,5-T and BAP, which could be established successfully by regular subcultures of slow growing callus on this medium for several months. Increased dry weight, soluble proteins, proline, soluble carbohydrates and CAT activity were recorded under NaCl stress in comparison to control cultures. The DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activities were gradually elevated in NaCl-treated callus, whereas SOD quenching was recorded maximum at 200 mM. A significant correlation between antioxidant capacity and phenol content was observed, indicating that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to the antioxidant potential in S. persica. These findings suggest that increased salinity stress caused elevated antioxidant potentials and the plants grown in such conditions may serve as potential source of antioxidant.
KeywordsAntioxidant Catalase Salinity Salvadora persica Phenolics Proline
6-Benzyl aminopurine
Reactive oxygen species
Superoxide dismutase
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy acetic acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Ferric reducing antioxidant potential
Total phenolic content
High salinity, drought, extreme light and temperature are the most serious environmental stresses impending plant growth and limiting crop productivity worldwide (Munns 2005). In salt affected plants, the result is primarily an ionic imbalance and hyper osmotic stress (Tester and Davenport 2003). The effect of this imbalance or disruption in homeostasis occurs at the cell as well as the whole plant levels. Finally, in extreme saline condition, molecular damage and growth arrest lead to death of plant (Jitesh et al. 2006). Salt-tolerant plants have evolved a variety of physiological responses that confer capacity for osmotic adjustment. These plants accumulate osmolytes such as glycine, betaine and proline that maintain the osmotic balance disrupted by the presence of ions in the vacuole (Wang et al. 2004). Investigations of halophytes indicated that significantly increased levels of proline and soluble carbohydrates are probably related to osmotic adjustment and the protection of membrane stability under salinity stresses (Megdiche et al. 2007). Proteins that accumulate in plants under saline conditions may provide a storage form of nitrogen that is re-utilized later and also play a role in osmotic adjustment.
In accordance with the established mechanism of ROS generation, oxidative stress has been reported in several plant species after NaCl stress treatment. Further, plant materials containing phenolic compounds are increasingly of interest for the food industry as they participate in the defense against ROS. Thus, drought-stressed plants might represent potential sources of polyphenols for economical use (Bettaieb et al. 2011). The correlation between antioxidant capacity and salt tolerance was demonstrated in a large number of plants, including salt-tolerant glycophytes and true halophytes such as Beta maritime, Cassia angustifolia and Crithmum maritimum (Li 2008).
Salvadora persica Linn. (Family Salvadoraceae) is a typical facultative halophytic plant, grows in arid regions from western India to Middle East as well as high saline lands along the sea coasts. It is an important plant of arid horticulture (edible fruits and non-edible seed oil) and forestry, hence micropropagation method has been developed (Phulwaria et al. 2011). The WHO recommends and encourages the use of chewing sticks of miswak as an effective oral hygiene procedure in areas where its use is traditional WHO (1987). The plant shows several biological activities (antimicrobial, dental plaque and gingivitis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic) due to major bioactive compounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins and sterols (Ahmad et al. 2011; Akhtar et al. 2011; Sofrata et al. 2011a, b). In harsh saline and hot desert conditions, these plants support wild life and are integral part of ecosystem. Details of biology, physiology and usage have been reviewed (Kasera and Mohammed 2010; Khan et al. 2006; Sen et al. 2002).
Cell and tissue culture offers monitoring plant responses to salinity at biochemical and physiological levels (Yang et al. 2010; Matkowaski 2008). In the present study, S. persica callus cultures have been used for the first time to investigate salt stress adaptive mechanism, and correlate with antioxidant activity under salt stress for its possible use as a source of antioxidant in salty desert conditions.
Materials and methods
Plant material and growth conditions
The explants were obtained from 20- to 30-year-old mature tree of S. persica growing near to the University campus. The explants were washed under running tap water for 20 min to remove any adherent particles. Thoroughly washed explants were then immersed in 1 % (v/v) Teepol, a liquid detergent for 2–3 min, and thereafter surface sterilized in ethanol for 30 s. The explants were immersed in 0.1 % (w/v) aqueous solution of HgCl2 for 10 min, rinsed with distilled water and then suitable size nodal explants (~1 cm) were inoculated on to the medium. Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium contained 3 % sucrose, 0.8 % agar with different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators. The pH was adjusted to 5.8 and autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 min. Organic supplements like coconut milk (10 %) and all vitamins (twofold) were used for the improvement of callus growth and friability. The callus was then separated from the initial explants and subcultured every 30–35 days. The callus was maintained on MS medium with combinations of 2,4,5-T and BAP, 0.5 mg/l each, 3 % (w/v) sucrose, double vitamins and 0.8 % (w/v) agar.
For salt stress experiment, different NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) were added in MS medium and 40 ml medium was poured in 100-ml wide-mouth conical flasks. The callus (2.0 g) was inoculated in each flask and these cultures were incubated at 25 ± 0.2 °C under a 16 h d−1 photoperiod with 50 μmol m−2 s−1 irradiance. Fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) were determined after 30-day growth.
Soluble protein analysis
The samples were collected from untreated and 30-day NaCl-treated callus for estimation of soluble proteins. The callus (250 mg) was ground in chilled tris-(hydroxymethyl) amino methane (Tris)–HCl buffer (10 mM, pH 6.8), then centrifuged at 15,000g for 20 min. The supernatants obtained were used for protein assay according to the method of Bradford (1976) using bovine serum albumin as a standard.
Proline and soluble carbohydrate assay
The amount of proline was estimated by the ninhydrin method using fresh callus (0.5 g) in 3 % sulfosalicylic acid and organic phase monitored at 520 nm by spectrophotometer (Specord 200, Analyte Jena, Germany) (Bates et al. 1973). A modification of the method of phenol–sulfuric acid was used to determine soluble sugar content at 490 nm (Dubois et al. 1956).
Catalase activity measurement
Catalase activity was measured by the method of Aebi (1974). The assay system comprised 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 20 mM H2O2, and a suitable aliquot of enzyme in the final volume of 3 ml. The change of absorption values was recorded at 240 nm for 3 min. CAT activity was estimated by calculating the initial rate of disappearance of H2O2.
Determination of antioxidant activity
Antioxidant activity was determined by extraction of samples, which were pooled and analyzed in triplicates. Dried powdered callus sample (200 mg) was extracted 12 h at room temperature by shaking on a test tube rotator with 5 ml of 70 % methanol. The samples were centrifuged at 10,000g for 10 min at 10 °C and supernatant was used for antioxidant activities.
DPPH radical scavenging activity
The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was determined according to the method described by Hatano et al. (1988). The reaction mixture (total volume 3 ml), consisting of 0.5 ml of 0.5 M acetic acid buffer solution at pH 5.5, 1 ml of 0.2 mM DPPH in ethanol, and 1.5 ml of 50 % (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution, was shaken vigorously with various samples. After incubation at room temperature for 30 min, the remaining DPPH was determined by absorbance at 517 nm, and the radical scavenging activity of each sample was expressed using the ratio of the absorption decrease of DPPH (%) to that of the control DPPH solution (100 %) in the absence of the sample. The radical scavenging activity was calculated as (%) = 100(A − B)/A, where A and B are the 517 nm absorption of the control and the corrected absorption of the sample reaction mixture.
Superoxide radical scavenging activity (PMS/NADH system)
Superoxide anions were generated using PMS/NADH system. The superoxide anions are subsequently made to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) which yields a chromogenic product, which is measured at 560 nm. The absorbance was read at 560 nm (Jain et al. 2008) and the inhibition percentage of superoxide anion generation was calculated the same as DPPH activity formula.
Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay
The ferric reducing power of plant extracts was determined using the method of Benzie and Strain (1996). The reaction mixture, containing 100 μl of sample solutions, 300 μL of deionized water and 3 ml of FRAP reagent, was incubated for 30 min at 37 °C in a water bath and read at 593 nm. The difference between sample absorbance and blank absorbance was calculated and used to calculate the FRAP value. FRAP values were expressed as mmol Fe2+/g of sample.
Determination of total phenolic content
Phenolic compounds were assayed using the Foline–Ciocalteu reagent, by following the method of Farkas and Kiraly (1962). TPC was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g−1 DW through the calibration curve with gallic acid at 650 nm.
Statistical analysis
All results were averaged over three separate analyses from six flasks of each treatment and experiment was done in duplicate. Results were reported as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) and analyzed by ANOVA followed by post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test at P ≤ 0.05 using prism statistical software. To correlate the results obtained with different methods, a regression analysis was performed and correlation coefficients were calculated.
Results and discussion
Effect of NaCl on growth and soluble protein contents
Effect of NaCl on the growth and soluble proteins of callus culture of Salvadora persica
NaCl concentrations (mM)*#
Relative fresh weight (%)
100 ± 1.20a
91.66 ± 1.05b
83.33 ± 1.15c
66.66 ± 1.54d
Dry weight (mg)
510 ± 18.0bc
580 ± 15.5a
540 ± 20.3b
500 ± 12.6c
Soluble protein (mg g−1 FW)
1.0 ± 0.06c
1.9 ± 0.10a
1.8 ± 0.07a
1.6 ± 0.13b
Fresh weight and dry weight are often measured to reveal the growth of plants and cells in response to environmental stresses. In the present study, salt concentrations induced significant elevation in dry weight in S. persica callus, which suggest a cellular tolerance to lower salinity in this halophytic species. Similar results of growth were found in Nitraria tangutorum and Oryza sativa callus (Yang et al. 2010). The expression of proteins is regulated in plants depending on salt concentration (Sekmen et al. 2007; Yang et al. 2010). Proteins that accumulate in plants under saline conditions are cytoplasmic, which can cause alterations in cytoplasmic viscosity of the cells and may play a significant role in osmotic adjustment (Hasegawa et al. 2000). Similar results were also obtained in mulberry cultivars where soluble protein increased at low salinity and decreased at high salinity (Agastian et al. 2000).
Effect of NaCl stress on proline and soluble sugar contents
Proline is known to play an important role as an osmoprotectant and is accumulated when plants are subjected to hyperosmotic stresses (Suriyan and Chalermpol 2009). Maintaining osmotic homeostasis by accumulating metabolically compatible compounds such as carbohydrates and proline may be among the important adaptive mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants (Rosa et al. 2009). Increased proline and sugar contents were correlative with increased salinity stress in the callus of S. persica. In Sesuvium portulacastrum, treatment with 100 mM NaCl induced significantly increased levels of proline in the leaves, but it had no effect on soluble sugar content (Slama et al. 2007). Proline is also considered to be involved in the protection of enzymes, cellular structures, and to act as a free radical scavenger (Aghaleh et al. 2011).
Effect of NaCl on CAT activity
An effective ROS-scavenging system involving catalase is a critical component of salinity resistance because of its protective effect against oxidative damage under salinity stress. Catalase is one of the main H2O2 scavenging enzymes that dismutate H2O2 into water and O2 (Moradi and Ismail 2007; Li 2008). When Bruguiera parviflora plants were subjected to 400 mM NaCl stress condition, a decrease in total catalase activity was observed by Jitesh et al. (2006), while increased CAT activity was demonstrated in Nitraria tangutorum callus culture after 50 or 100 mM NaCl treatment (Yang et al. 2010). Thus, catalase enzyme activity varied with different plant species and with salt stress.
Effect of NaCl stress on antioxidant potential and total phenolic content
Effect of NaCl on the total phenolic content (TPC) and radical scavenging capacity of callus culture of Salvadora persica
TPC and antioxidant activity
NaCl concentrations (mM)*#
TPC (mg GAE g−1)
10 ± 0.45b
11 ± 0.70a
11 ± 0.34a
12 ± 0.86a
DPPH scavenging activity (%)
46 ± 2.3d
58 ± 3.0c
65 ± 3.4b
82 ± 4.1a
SOD quenching (%)
6 ± 0.37c
9 ± 0.45b
10 ± 0.40b
12 ± 0.92a
FRAP activity (mM Fe2+ g−1)
8 ± 0.66d
11 ± 0.40c
13 ± 0.55b
17 ± 1.03a
Correlation between assays
Correlation coefficient (R) between assays
Salt-induced growth variations were correlated with parallel variations in polyphenols accumulation and antioxidative ability. NaCl-treated callus of S. persica demonstrated that DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity and SOD activity increased significantly. Similarly, Lechno et al. (1997) reported that NaCl treatment increases the activities of the antioxidative enzymes. These activities may be directly linked to the content of phenols, tannins and flavonoids and consequently to their free radical scavenging activities. Besides, plant resistance to various stresses is associated with antioxidant capacity and increased levels of antioxidants may prevent stress damage (Bettaieb et al. 2011).
These results indicate a significant correlation between TPC in callus extract and their free radical scavenging and ferric reducing capacities (FRAP and SOD assays). Therefore, the presence of phenolic compounds in callus extracts contributed significantly to their antioxidant potential. In our experiments, results demonstrated a strong correlation between TPC and FRAP activity. Similarly, previous studies suggested that ferric reducing capacity can be related to phenolic content, indicating that phenolic compounds are the major contributor to the antioxidant potential of different plant extracts (Dudonne et al. 2009).
In conclusion, our results showed that salinity-induced in vitro cultures are better model system for the study of stress mechanism, which is independent from environmental factors. The callus cultures of S. persica showed moderate salt-tolerant properties and can be used as source of antioxidants in harsh saline desert conditions for humans (fruits) and cattle (leaves).
This work was supported by financial assistance from University Grants Commission-Departmental Research Programme (UGC-DRS) under special assistance program for medicinal plant research to K.G. Ramawat. V. Sharma thanks to UGC New Delhi, for financial assistance in the form of SRF.
Copyright information
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.


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