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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung
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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - February 22, 1985, New Braunfels, Texas Money matter By LILLIAN THOMAS Staff writar County funds will be deposited in M-Bank instead of New Braunfels National due to a misinterpreation of bank depository bids. County commissioners, who had previously awarded the bank depository bid to New Braunfels National, reversed that decision Thursday and voted to give M-Bank the two-year contract as depository # of county funds. And T.L. Walker, president of New Braunfels National, was none too happy about it. "We understood that we had the bid and on that basis, we have in vested the funds," Walker said. ''We feel it is a great injustice to now go back and make us undo these agreements. The other fellows bidding would not want to be put in this position." Daniel Dietert, representing M-Bank, said that his tank would buy whatever securities that New Braunfels National had already purchased with the bond money to keep Walker's bank from losing money on the county's mistake. "We operated in good faith. And if the county does not see that this is a two-way street, pretty soon local banks will not bid on the county contract. When you award the contract, we have to know that County switches banks after confusion on bid means we have the contract," Walker said. County Judge Fred Clark tried to smoothe over the damage done by complimenting New Braunfels National Bank on the way they have conducted business with the county in the past. But Walker's last words were, "This is improper." Bank bids were opened at the last commissioners court meeting. County auditor Bate Bond studied the bids, and told commissioners he understood M-Bank's bid to exclude the $5 million in certificates of obligation that the county will use to build the Courthouse Annex. The )5 million had already been authorized and was arriving in a day or two. All bidders were made aware of that. Bond had thought that the bid from New Braunfels National might be interpreted to mean that the certificates of obligation were included, but he wanted to call and make sure. In that conversation, Bond had gotten an agreement from Keith Daniels to have the $5 million at a fixed rate of 9.381 percent interest, contrary to their bid which had offered the county a variable rate based of 13-week treasury bills that was currently at 8.13-8.25 percent, depending on the time period of See BANK, Page IZA 2?° "053 10/22/85 MJCROBLEX inc:. MITCH WOMBLE P-0. BOX 45436 DALLAS, TX 75245 abies on Parade We've got 'em all — tall babies, short babies, thin babies, Chubby babies, welldressed babies and undressed babies. But mostly we've got cute babies for your inspection in Sunday's Herald Zeilung. Our second annual "Babies on Parade" section will appear Sunday, and it'll be full of ode kiddos (like lO-monthold Heather PeLuna, at left) and names of proud parents and grandparents. Look for it Sunday. Playoff time Unicorns v. Southwest r tonight at 7, TLC New Braunfels Herald Nm* Braunfels. Texas Vol. 94-No. 39 Friday February 22, 1985 25 Cents 24 Pages — 2 SectionsWater worksGreen Valley buyout gets go-ahead By DEBBIE OeLOACH Staff writer lx>wer utility bills may be headed for some County Line Road residents after New Braunfels Utilities trustees voted Thursday to continue expansion negotiations with Green Valley Water Supply. A memorandum of understanding tu expand Ute Utilities' service area by about 1,100 acres was approved by the board last December. Directors for Green Valley Water Supply approved the same memorandum Wednesday afternoon, and authorized a transfer amount of 844,665. At Thursday's meeting, Utilities Manager Bob Sohn asked the board for authorization to proceed with legal documents needed for the Green Valley acquisition, based on the memorandum of understanding. The board voted unanimously to proceed with the service area expansion. However, the transfer must be approved by the Public Utility Commission before it becomes final. lf approved, the transfer will involve about 500 acres northeast of County Line Road between FMS 725 and 1044. The rest of the acreage is southeast of County Line Road between 725 and 1044, and primarily See WATER, Page 12A Chernenko too i to make speech si •• 111 •■Batel 0 rn I *1 KRU WAI I) I HIRAI Oil I TONGReady for a rainy day There's no water in this fountain on West San Antonio Street, but if there was, these two kids would be prepared. There was plenty of water elsewhere this morning, though, as light rains fell throughout the county. Radio station KGNB KNBT recorded .12 inches this morning, while .35 inches was recorded at Canyon Dam, MOSCOW ( AP) — President Konstantin U. Chernenko was ordered by his doctors not to attend today's meeting of Moscow voters who nominated him for a seat in the Russian federation's Parliament, it was officially reported. Chernenko, 73, has not been seen in public for 57 days. Under Kremlin protocol, he would have been expected to address a pre-election meeting today — two days before the elections — as a candidate for the parliamentary seat. The Tass news agency said in its report on the meeting that Moscow city party leader Viktor Grishin announced "that Konstantin Chernenko would not attend the meeting on doctors' recommendation. "On instructions from Konstantin Chernenko, his electoral speech was read at the meeting," Tass said. Tass then began running the text of Chernenko's ad dress The opening greetings did not make any reference to his health or offer a personal explanation for his absence. "Dear comrades," the address began, "f am expressing heartfelt gratitude to the workers of the Kuibyshev district of Moscow who have again nominated me as a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation. I will apply all efforts to confirm this great trust and high honor." The text, as transmitted by Tass, then lauded the Soviet Communist system and stressed die importance of the elections. A Foreign Ministry official, who spoke on condition he not be identified, said Thursday that Chernenko would not be attending because he was ill, but said he had no details about the illness and could not say whether the leader was hospitalized. Each of the 15 republics that make up the Soviet Union elects a parliament on Sunday and Chernenko is a nominee from a Moscow district for the Russian federation's parliament. The IO other members of the ruling Communist Party Politburo who are candidates have given their speeches Premier Nikolai A. Tikhonov spoke Thursday, and. according to Kremlin custom, Chernenko's address should have followed today. Asked if Chernenko would vote Sunday, the Foreign Possible Chernenko successors For general secretary of th* Soviet Communist Party CA Mikhail Gorbachev He ts believed lo have been Hie unofficial No ? man at the Central Committee since February 1964 ebon Konstantin Chernenko succeeded Yuri Andropov Al 53. Gorbachev is the baby of the Politburo A lawyer by education he became a tuH Politburo member rn i960 with responsibility tor agriculture He has traveled widely in the West Crigoo Romanov Romano* 61 h is ga-, nod a powerful position in 13 years as f*»ad cf the leningrad Communist Party In IMSfl be pined me Secretariat He is I seen as a strong proponent of the Soviet military industrial oompte* a harsh <*sc>pnnanan and a strong Russian nai«x\at*si Me may have taken charge of much of the nation s police ana internal security apparatus with Chernenko s consent Ooaoo hew* Cvweu Sourr* IKM va Viktor Grishin He is the longes! serving member Of the Politburo and one of the most experienced Grrsbm 70. pined the Politburo as a candidate in 1961 before bemq elevated lo fuM membership in 1971 For 17 years he bes t leaded the Moscow party organization His loyalty to party leaders may make him a perfect older generator candidate bu' he is believed to have heart problems Cl lr* t A* Andrei Gromyao Alter 27 yeses as / foreign minister I GromyV . 75 u * probably bene' mown at i,.%i man , any other Soviet politician His experience might ae a factor if Central Committee members want to egam some of Hie world prestige the party leader s poet has lacked since Brezhnev Gromyko however has been so ctosety tied with his specialty that it is unlikely he could become general secretary -new WEUM* *$$0 Ministry spokesman said: "lf he feels well, lie will vote." I .ast year, less than a month after lie succeeded the late Yuri V Andropov as party leader and head of tin* Soviet state, Chernenko and his wife, Anna Dmitrievna, were photographed and filmed b> journalists as they cast ballots in elections for the national parliament, the Supreme Soviet. The Foreign Ministry official said the polling place for Chernenko this year would be the same as last year, on Shchuseva Street, not far from the U.S. Embassy, The Foreign Ministry official said he assumed an election message would be read to the voters meeting today on Chernenko's behalf. Message to Nicaragua U.S. must oppose Sandinista dictatorship, Reagan says WASHINGTON (AP) - President Reagan says the United States has the right and obligation to try to rid Nicaragua of its "communist totalitarian" government and give those who oppose dictatorship "a chance to have that democracy that they fought for." Members of Congress who voted to bar his administration from acting to overthrow the leftist regime "lacked a complete understanding of what is at stake there and what we're trying to do," Reagan told a nationally broadcast news conference Thursday night. But he said he wouldn't specifically advocate the overthrow of the Sandinistas "if the present government would turn around and say ... 'Uncle'" and bring Nicaraguan rebels into the government In the first news conference of his second term, Reagan also defended his proposal to phase out federal farm subsidies, saying, "We won't pull the rug out from under anyone instantly ... but the government programs didn't succeed." The administration's farm bill, being sent to Congress today, is designed to get "the farm economy back into the free market place and government out of the agricultural business," Reagan said. The president said he plans to retain his controversial budget director, David Stockman, who angered embattled farmers by questioning their right to government bailouts and career military personnel by suggesting they were more interested in their retirement security than in national security. "I can understand a fellow blowing his cool," Reagan said, suggesting Stockman was being heckled and harassed by lawmakers when he made his inflammatory remarks while testifying before the Senate Budget Committee. Reagan also renewed his call for action this year on legislation to simplify the income tax code, although his administration has yet to settle on details of a tax overhaul plan. And he urged Congress to summon the "political courage" to give him the budget cuts he is seeking The president said he will decide in coming months whether the United States will join the Soviet Union "in violating" the unratified SALT II arms control treaty, which both sides have See REAGAN, Page 12A Reagan remarks at-a-glance FARMERS The in exit tor 11 sum! he did not ptoo lo po th# rug oui tm>i«mly from under Am*' * <« fanrws but that h# unended to scrap •> pensive government <*gi« uituu* programs that haven t worked Reagan said ne planned !< return the farm aeonon* into tin fie-marketplace." Reagan said ha supported a short term $650 million program o< loans arni hun guarantees NICARAGUA Reagan said opponents of Nicaragua s leftist Sandinista government deserve U S military aid to give them a cham :• to have trial democracy that they fought tor "I don't think the Sandinistas have a detent leg to stand on Reagan said What they have done is totalitarianism, it is brutal >1 is crust and thay have no argument ayen st what the rest of '.ha people of Ne ar agua want Reagan said men diets cd Congress veto voted a ban on covert U S aid to the rebels "leek a complete understanding of what -s at stake there and what we are trying to dc STOCKMAN The president told reporters had wanted to keep Budget Director David Stockman even though he angered embattled tar mars by questioning then right to government sub sidles and incurred die v* advor ating a reduction in I understand a goy hi Reagan who noted 1 apokiyi/ed tm sortie ut ►1 BUDGET ANO TAXES In an opening stele nu1 nation % economic ie ,g Ins it Rn Cut* to pv.wooy -md pi Piet t He said the Patton im political com age needed Cuts that wt>»ild india e de $50 Pillion n««t year The president repented nt increases say my that issue dei utod on Nov 6 We inlet the manila!# he lei erved election victory ARMS CONT ROI R eau ai said lf taiy by 1 tire aged dmo the twig opposition tit ta* was debated and I lo pio< red with he, landslide ie agreements while Soviet Union for pi est' ten* said a dc few months when. Inned States allied aim lyeymy ai tat new tteali#! Slim A nill t) (tie United S the net i tended to % contiol is Witt- the But the made ai a ates would g ' the I u unrahhed SAI T ll agreement We are going to stay with the treaties that we rn effect ratified in power Reagan said Inside Utilities OKs financial policy Wafer Watch Comal River ........... 242 cfs (up 4| Canyon inflow ............. 232 cfs top 101 Canyon Dam outflow ........ 375 cts Isamsl Edwards Aguilar . . . ........ 623 87 I same I Canyon laka lava! ......... 902 06 (up OI) Today's Weather It will be cloudy with a high in the mid-7Qi. Today's 60 percent chance of rain will continue tonight, with a low expected in the 60s. Southerly winds will be 15 mph. It will be a little warmer Saturday with high humidity and a 40 percent chance of thundershowers. Saturday's high will be 78, with a low of about 68. Yesterday's high was 73 and this morning's low was 65. Sunset today will be at 6:25 p.m. and sunrise Saturday will beat7:03a.m. CLASSIFIED 4-12B COMICS 3B CROSSWORD 3A DEAR ABBY 3A DEATHS 3A ENTERTAINMENT 2B OPINIONS 4A RELIGIOUS FOCUS 5.6A SPORTS 8,9 A STOCKS 12A Four words almost tabled a formal financial policy for the New Braunfels Utilities up for approval at Thursday's board meeting, "Up to two mils" were the four Utilities' annual payment to the City of New Braunfels, listed as No. 6 on the Utilities' priorities of obligation. She said she'd seen the cap officially documented somewhere, and wanted time to find it. In addition, Utilities roundup idle said the policy should at least state the current intergovernmental transfer which is mils per kilowatt hour sold annually The Utilities-city transfer at 14 mills (a mill is one-tenth of a penny) amounted to $835,098 72 in 1983. Her motion to table the policy until the Feb 27 Utilities meeting was never seconded, so Tie ken later withdrew it and voted for the policy, with the stipulation she had the right to bring it up again. The unanimously approved policy clearly slated the Utilities' priorities of obligation, which have also spelled out in past bond issues Those obligations are listed as No. I — operation and maintenance of See UTILITIES, Page 12A ;
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Everything works great! I would like to take this to the next level for my needs but I'm dumb on the subject. What I'm trying to do is use IFTTT maker channel to trigger this button push when I'm within the defined area. It asks for some info to complete the recipe but again. .. duhh on this end. I set up a port forword already and am able to turn it on and off with 4g using the website.It asks for a url, I plugged in my external with : port#A method, the options are; GET, POST, PUT, HEAD, DELETE, PATCH and OPTIONSContent Type, options are; Application/JSON, Application/x-www-form-urlencoded and text/plainThen the last thing it wants is bodyAny help would be greatly appreciate!
Make sure you have your router set up to port forward the port your using. I think it was 80 in the sketch. Then you'll have to use your "external" IP address. Google "what's my ip address "Good luckView Instructable »

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Some Heartache Lasts Forever.
After a relationship falls apart, it's only normal that a multitude of items or actions remind us of an ex. From flavors of bubble gum, to songs, to mismatched socks, even the smallest details of our day to day lives can become forever altered in our heartbreak.
Some of us are able to clean out these signs of the past shortly after a relationship goes south, whereas others remain attached to even the least significant of items, as if keeping them around might transport us back to happier times.
But would you ever donate one of these mementos for all the world to see? The Museum of Broken Relationships does just that.
Here's what you'll find inside…


text:
Some people felt Vince McMahon went over the line with his blistering impersonation of Jim Ross in a backstage segment on Monday's Raw SuperShow, which saw the WWE Chairman make a horribly distorted face ridiculing...Read More →
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WWE has confirmed Alberto Del Rio's injury via their text messaging service, and stated that Del Rio will not be able to face Sheamus for the World Heavyweight Championship at No Way Out on June...Read More →
– Former WWE announcer Jack Korpela issued a survey to his Twitter followers asking which current WWE or TNA Wrestling Superstar has the most potential to be a major "crossover" star. When a person named...Read More →
A WWE source told sports blog Corey Unfiltered (coryradford.blog.com) Friday that Alberto Del Rio suffered a "serious concussion" at last Tuesday's SmackDown taping in Columbia, South Carolina. During a skirmish, Sheamus slammed Del Rio's head...Read More →
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– Kelly Kelly updated her Twitter bio to add, "For full appearances/endorsements please contact Heidi at email@example.com" – The Miz started training for The Marine: Homefront last Thursday, and will be filming the movie through...Read More →
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Marketing practices Harris Atta
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Track consumer behaviour
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in line with social norms Advertising: Objectives, strategies & evaluation "Top of Mind"
Details, benefits, price
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Skip to comments.NOW President: Social Security Panic Unwarranted: Report Sets Stage for Improved Benefits
Posted on 04/23/2012 4:50:59 PM PDT by dead
Statement of NOW President Terry O'Neill
Trustees for the Social Security Trust Fund report today that the program can pay full benefits through 2033 -- three years less than projected in 2011 due primarily to the continuing high unemployment rate. As usual, we can count on Wall Street interests and the politicians carrying their water to proclaim that Social Security is going bankrupt. That's plain wrong. Social Security has an accumulated surplus of more than $2.8 trillion and can pay 100 percent of benefits for the next several decades.
NOW suggests that with a number of modest adjustments to Social Security's financing, we can improve benefits and ensure adequate funds far into the future. Improvements are especially important for older women, who are poorer and face higher expenses in retirement.
It is especially troubling to hear Wall Street demanding further steps that would dismantle the program. Remember, these are the very folks who drove the U.S. economy off a cliff in 2007, resulting in the main stress on Social Security's finances -- unemployment. The system's revenues have been reduced in recent years due to high unemployment; fewer people working means fewer workers paying into the system. This is nothing new. In fact, this situation has occurred 18 times since 1958 -- whenever a recession has shed thousands of jobs.
As the economy improves and more people find employment, Social Security revenue will increase, allowing the trust fund balance to continue to grow. Safeguarding Social Security's financing is all the more reason for lawmakers to endorse projects that get people back to work and stimulate what is now a sluggish economic recovery.
Unfortunately, conservatives in Congress have stood in the way of any major job stimulus effort. These are the same conservative politicians who have tried time and again to cut Social Security benefits or to privatize this highly successful social insurance program, risking nearly everyone's retirement in the hands of Wall Street gamblers.
It is critically important to fine tune the program to ensure that Social Security retirement, disability and survivor benefits can be paid over the long term -- 75 years or more. Women, especially, need to know that adequate benefits will be available when they need them, as older women have fewer savings, often no pension income, and more out-of-pocket health care expenses. Sex-based pay discrimination and time out of the paid workforce to care for family undermine women's old-age economic security.
Addressing the facts about older women's economic insecurity, the National Organization for Women and a large group of allied organizations are working on proposals to improve Social Security's long-term solvency and to modernize its benefit structure. Here's what we would like to see: modestly improved benefits for everyone, increased survivor benefits, credits for caregiving years taken out of the paid workforce, an increased special minimum for lifetime low-income earners, changing the Cost of Living (COLA) formula to one that is based on the Consumer Price Index for the elderly (CPI-E), restoration of student benefits, requiring equal benefits for same-sex married couples and partners, and improvements that address the needs of people with disabilities.
To achieve these improvements, modest adjustments will have to be made to Social Security's financing structure, beginning with lifting the cap on wages subject to the payroll tax. Right now, workers who earn $50,000 contribute 6.2 percent of their income through the payroll tax, while people who make $500,000 per year pay only about 1 percent. Lifting or removing the cap (currently $110,100) would eliminate the entire projected shortfall far into the future. Additionally, slowly increasing the Social Security contribution rate by 1/40th of one percent over 20 years for both employers and employees would help, as would lowering the unemployment rate and raising the minimum wage.
These are changes that should be made to properly prepare for the retirement of 76 million baby boomers and successive generations. NOW calls on policy makers to take up modernization of Social Security, improving -- not cutting -- benefits, and planning for long-term financial security of the program.
Denial always solves all problems.
Until the disastrous end finally arrives, and then, all hell breaks loose.
"Social Security has an accumulated surplus of more than $2.8 trillion and can pay 100 percent of benefits for the next several decades."
2.8 trillion in IOU's from the government. Money has to come from somewhere—it'll be taxes or monetization of debt.
I am so tired of all the bullsh!t.
Yeah, show us the 2.8 trillion, we know it's IOU's, virtually worthless as Democrats collapse the economy.
That so-called accumulated surplus of more than $2.8 trillion largely is a pile of IOUs signed by presidents from now back to LBJ. The IOUs have to be covered by future taxes as the money obtained with the IOUs has been spent.
What would a radical feminist Lesbian know about Social Secuity finance? NOTHING! She should keep her ugly trap shut.
Alinsky's second chapter, called Of Means and Ends, craftily poses many difficult moral dilemmas, and his 'tenth rule of the ethics of means and ends' is: 'you do what you can with what you have and clothe it with moral arguments.' He doesn't ignore traditional moral standards or dismiss them as unnecessary. He is much more devious; he teaches his followers that 'Moral rationalization is indispensable at all times of action whether to justify the selection or the use of ends or means.'...
"'The organizer's first job is to create the issues or problems,' and 'organizations must be based on many issues.' The organizer 'must first rub raw the resentments of the people of the community; fan the latent hostilities of many of the people to the point of overt expression. He must search out controversy and issues, rather than avoid them, for unless there is controversy people are not concerned enough to act. . . . An organizer must stir up dissatisfaction and discontent.'"
Captain: "Yes, what is it, can't you see I'm busy?"
First Officer: " It's this statement from the NODS passenger group..."
Captain: "The what?"
First Officer: "Nautical Organization for Dumb Sluts Sir. "
Captain: "Well, what's it say."
First Officer: "They're demanding you quit maneuvering to avoid the iceberg. They want slushies. And 'right quick'..."
From 'How It Really Happened: The True Story Of The Titanic'
Since the SS Funds were all borrowed by the general fund and spent, the ability to pay benefits is totally dependent upon the ability to produce tax revenues to repay the debt to the SS Fund. Our current track record says that we can't even get out of a deficit spending pattern, let alone service any debt. I give it 5 yrs at best until people realize the ponzi scheme will collapse.
For a minute there - reading the headline - I thought the President was in a panic because they were onto his fake Social Security number!
More evidence that NOW is just another wing of the DNC.
It wasn't so long ago that Chuck Schumer and Barney Frank were telling us there was nothing to worry about with the housing markets. SSDD
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CARA Delevingne and Pharrell Williams' have teamed-up for Karl Lagerfeld's latest Chanel film 'Reincarnation' to celebrate the French brand's Métiers d'Art show in Salzburg.
The luxury French label has unveiled a 40-second clip of the mini movie, entitled 'Reincarnation, starring the 22-year-old model and 'Happy' hitmaker in costumes of the Viennese imperial court.
Creative director Karl told WWD of the film – which will be unveiled in full on Chanel.com on December 1: "There's a touch of Pop Art in it.
"It's not meant to be a historical reconstruction or something heavy like that. This is light and funny." Pharrell, 41 – who, according to Karl, sparked the idea for the movie after expressing his desire to work with Cara – also penned the soundtrack 'CC the World' for the film, which features the stunning model's vocals.
Karl said of the Grammy Award-winning artist: "He was easy to work with, very pleasant. He's very professional." – BANG!


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text:
Santa has more fixed abodes than the Royal Family. Any one-reindeer town, it seems, boasts a residence - including a place in west London, which is where the St Nicholas trail starts.
Travellers on some Eurostar trains to Paris and Brussels may be surprised to see their carriages bearing the motif "North Pole". Santa Claus is not commuting through the tunnel; this is merely the name of the Eurostar depot adjacent to Wormwood Scrubs. "North Pole" is a rather more catchy address than Her Majesty's Prison, certainly not the sort of place Santa would stay.
Father Christmas does have a postal address in Britain, and even a postcode of his own, but a red-nosed helper stresses that the last posting-date for this year has already passed - so no dispatches, please, to Santa, Reindeerland, SAN TA1. (Though it's never too early for 1998 - the first of this year's requests arrived in June.)
The physical manifestation of Reindeerland turns out to be a grotto in the corner of the Royal Mail's Returned Letter Centre in Belfast. "We're not saying he lives there - he just goes to collect his mail there," trills a spokes-elf.
The passengers in the queue at Heathrow's Terminal One this morning believe they know where Santa lives: at the end of the route of flight AY 836 to Rovaniemi in Finnish Lapland (with a refuelling stop to take on mince pies in Helsinki). Santa is a significant employer in this part of northern Finland, which handily straddles the Arctic Circle. Indeed, a sceptical Scrooge could point out that snowball fights occasionally break out between different factions of the Santa empire. Sweden and Norway, too, claim to be the first Noel location of choice for St Nicholas, while the Danish post office redirects some letters addressed to Santa c/o Greenland to a sorting office in Odense.
As Cathy Packe explains (previous page), postal workers in Greenland help Santa to answer a number of letters equivalent to about half the national population.
Maybe the sparsity of human habitation in the northern lands means the load has to be shared out across the Atlantic.
American kids' letters to Santa disappear up the figurative chimney to North Pole, Alaska - population 1,500 - and a suburb south east of Fairbanks. Maybe Santa lives on one of the streets here - Santa Claus Lane, St Nicholas Drive or Rudolf Street.
Or perhaps he prefers Canadian citizenship. His maple-leaf helpers are based in Winnipeg. This is further from the true North Pole than is Cornwall, but to strengthen the Canadians' case, Reindeer River and Reindeer Lake are north of here (close to Moose Jaw and Ear Falls, which sound like winter complaints among the reindeer).
Farther on, though, is the Great Slave Lake - and while Santa does not adhere slavishly to the European Commission Directive on Working Hours, particularly on Christmas Eve, he is a sleigh-driver rather than a slavedriver.
The final candidates are the places where he was born and grew up, close to where half a million Brits went on holiday this year.
On the southern coast road of Turkey, between the charter airports of Dalaman and Antalya, stands Patara. St Nicholas was born here around AD300, and later moved to the ancient city of Myra, near present-day Demre. The Lycian rock-tombs were already centuries old when St Nicholas became bishop of Myra in the fourth century AD.
As the Blue Guide to Turkey solemnly relates, "The Church of St Nicholas is on the W side of Demre, about 150m from the main square. In a small garden to the left of the entrance, there is a rather incongruous statue of the saint in the persona of Santa Claus complete with a sack of presents and a mob of children."
Humbug, you may say.
- More about:
- Heathrow Airport
- North Pole
- Santa Claus
- Turkey (bird)


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Crestwood Suites is designed for travelers with plans for extended stays. However, just because it is designed for extended stays does not mean that it is removed from the fun of Vegas. Indeed, Crestwood Suites Extended Stay Hotel is located directly on the Strip, close to the world-famous casinos and shows.
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Located in the Chennai city center, The Raintree Hotel offers personalized service and excellent facilities. Business travelers will enjoy our reliable high-speed internet and all-inclusive business center. Unwind and relax at the Health Spa, take a refreshing dip in our outdoor swimming pool or enjoy access to our modern gym facilities.Featuring 7 floors of 105 contemporary guest rooms and suites, The Raintree Hotel offers world-class accommodations that are sleek, modern and eco-sensitive. Functionality meets modern simplicity in our spacious suites and guest rooms. Select rooms feature Jacuzzi tubs and bamboo wood flooring that create a lavish ambiance
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(Prepared for presentation at the Unlocking Human Potential to Learn conference Sponsored by UNEVOC Canada and ICELP August 2001)
by Meir Ben-Hur
Not a day passes without a critical news article on the state of public education and the urgency to fix, or even build alternatives for it. New policies, new standards, new assessment tools and other initiatives abound, along with counter arguments about their value. For certain students and teachers have become the focus of attention, and the focus is on school reform.
Systemic reform has been defined as a comprehensive, coordinated change in a system's essential components. It is not an end-in-itself, but rather, a process that modifies the system in an irreversible way. As far as systems of education are concerned, all the recent reforms target curriculum and assessment, professional development, and student support. FIE, which is among the oldest programs that is still being used, has recently been listed by the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory as a bona-fide school reform model1. The balance of this article will explain why.
FIE, curriculum, and assessment
In 1994, Carl Haywood and his colleagues at Vanderbilt University tested high and low academic achieving middle school students on a test comprised of FIE tasks2. He found that the levels of the students' performance on this test correlate with their academic achievement level. He concluded that both the FIE and academic achievement tests challenge a great deal of the same cognitive abilities. Indeed, one can relatively easily analyze the tasks students are confronted by in their academic work, and find the similarities with FIE tasks (see Figure 1).
Language arts
Why is it so common then, that the cognitive and affective dispositions that are necessary for higher academic achievements are not enhanced through learning that happens in the context of the academic disciplines? Evidence points to at least two contributing factors.
First, the curriculum generally follows the internal structures of the academic disciplines, while FIE targets the development of specific cognitive behaviors in a focused, systematic, and progressive way. Consequently, FIE builds students' cognitive competencies, and feelings of competence. Second, generally students' learning experiences are confined to the contexts of specific academic disciplines, while FIE attempts to develop cognitive structures that are "detached from, and independent of, the extrinsic need [the nature of the task] that initially produced [them]"3.
The effects of FIE have been studied and analyzed extensively by researchers around the world; there have also been several meta-analyses (See Savell, Towhig, Douglas, 1986: Burden, 1987: Adams 1989, Mayer, 2000; Ellis, 2001), and many evaluation efforts4. The reports are generally supportive. Taken as a whole those reports document larger gains than those produced by the so-called "remedial classes", in virtually every academic area, and with various student populations ranging from special education to gifted students. But the results have not been consistently so. Though the program materials are designed so that mere exposure to them may have a positive effect on students, the essence of the program still lies in the combination of the materials and what Feuerstein refers to as "mediation"—that is, the quality of teaching and teacher preparation.
FIE and professional development
Professional development can have a great effect on the ethos of the profession of education – the beliefs and the behaviors of the professional community. Teachers who rely only on their personal knowledge of teaching, and their personal knowledge of the content they teach, for all their professional decisions, benefit the most: their students can enjoy much higher levels of success in school. FIE provides a strong incentive, a framework, and a magnificent vehicle for meaningful professional development.
The preparation of teachers for FIE includes very thorough analysis of theories on learning and teaching, and an introspective view of a cognitive based education. In addition to the typical three five-day in service workshops, FIE teachers often benefit from follow up mentor help throughout the program's implementation. This preparation is aimed at strengthening the teachers' belief in the idea that all students can reach higher levels of performance, the awareness that teachers can understand and facilitate (mediate) their growth, the development of skills they need as mediators, and the teachers' commitment to do so.
While not many, research studies on the effects of FIE training, and the experience of teaching it are very encouraging. They document significant changes in the teachers' beliefs about students' learning abilities, the teachers' sense of "autonomy" and "creative self-perception", and improved teaching skills. However, the many reports on the efficacy of FIE have almost always included critical comments regarding the training of FIE teachers. Interviews and surveys indicate that FIE impacts teachers' relationships with students and parents, and the teachers' own feelings of competence. Teachers report that their FIE experiences improved their teaching skills, their understanding of the learning processes, their ability to assess learning, and their ability to develop and maintain students' interest not only for FIE classes, but also for learning other subjects (see for example, Figure 2).
Figure 2: Examples of FIE teachers' comments
But even great FIE teachers may be ineffective in teaching specific academic subjects. I have recently been asked whether FIE students are necessarily "immuned" against declining academic achievements. Obviously, not - I know "smart" FIE students who fail mathematics as much as I know students who appear to perform sufficiently well in mathematics, and could still benefit.
Figure 3: Alignment of teaching standards and mediation (FIE): Example from the NCTM Standards
NCTM STANDARDS for MATHEMATICS
Professional Teaching Standards
1. Logic and evidence to verify rather than teacher as "sole source"
Connections between experiences through logic and concept development.
2. Reasoning rather than memory
Systematic development of reasoning, problem-solving skills, connections, relationships, and intrinsic motivation.
3. Conjecturing, inventing, and problem solving, rather than mechanistic solution
Change students passive recipients of knowledge into self-confident and active learners who conjecture, make analogies, and solve problems creatively.
4. Connect learning to other areas of curriculum
Connect and identify applications of new skills across the curriculum.
5. Focus on ALL students
Teach all students, especially at risk students, to learn how to learn.
Implication for teachers who must help students:
6. Work together to make sense of new ideas
Mediate and guide students towards the discovery of solutions.
7. Encourage students rely on themselves to determine correct answers
Students are encouraged to judge whether responses are appropriate.
8. Reason
Focus on reason
9. Connect concepts, ideas, and applications
Encourage students to discuss how concepts and strategies can be related to different domains.
Decisions teachers must take:
10. Setting goals
Students are taught to define goals, establish starting points, and outline steps by which goals can be reached.
11. Selecting and creating tasks that help students achieve these goals
Teachers are guided by the structure and sequence of the program to offer, or create tasks bridge over difficult gaps.
12. Stimulating and managing discourse to ensure students and teachers understand what is being learned
Teachers listen to students, to understand the ways in which they think, and to help them get to next steps. Student-teacher dialogues are discussed and analyzed the teacher training process.
13. Analyze student learning to make ongoing instructional decisions
Teachers continually assess students' progress and analyze errors and refrain from moving on until students demonstrate mastery.
Assessment Standards
Increased attention to:
1. What students know and how they think
Break down and analyze complex thinking process and guide students carefully to next levels.
2. Using assessment as an integral part of teaching.
Constantly and in collaboration with students assess learning and progress.
3. Focusing on a broad range of a holistic view of the subject
Focusing on a broad range of tasks to address a core of cognitive abilities.
4. Developing problem situations that require application of various concepts
Every task carefully designed to incorporate a variety of cognitive skills.
5. Using multiple assessment techniques
Tasks vary while the underlying cognitive challenges remain constant. Teachers learn to observe, analyze student's errors, and elicit student reflections in an ongoing dynamic process.
From FIE. Even the skeptics would agree that it takes a lot of "brain" to complete successfully the so-called "Fish page" of Organization of Dots, or some Transitive Relations pages, or Syllogisms. I saw 5th and 6th grade students that are not successful in mathematics but could learn to complete those pages well. How come?
Let us analyze the question in relation to mathematics, and according to the sub goals of FIE:
1.Efficient cognitive behaviors: Is there any kind of "mathematics learning" that is independent of efficient cognitive performance? Yes – simple applications of procedural knowledge require only memorizing and rote learning. This kind of knowing is not very useful, as opposed to understanding mathematical concepts and ideas that are borne out of, and yield complex cognitive processes.
2. Concepts and vocabulary: Does FIE teach all the concepts and vocabulary of middle school mathematics? Absolutely not, and the treatment that FIE gives to mathematics concepts is incidental at best (see Figure 2). For example, FIE develops such concepts as relative values (part whole relationship, frames of references etc.), and it helps students develop representational thinking. These concepts and abilities are necessary, but not sufficient for students to attain higher mathematics achievements. FIE does not teach the mathematical applications of these concepts like proportions, probability and statistics, fractions as percents, or decimal forms, or as in the four operations with fractions.
3. Intrinsic motivation: Is it possible that students become intrinsically motivated to think, solve problems, learn specific FIE tasks ... and not show these dispositions in the mathematics context? Yes, again! It was 14-year-old Chad who once tried to "explain" to me that he thought, "there is thinking in FIE but there is none of it in mathematics". For Chad the motivation to do mathematics would have to be extrinsic (get the passing grade) - how else?
4. Reflective thinking: Can FIE students learn to reflect, and still fail to do it in mathematics? Yes they can. If academic classes ignore student work (particularly errors) as a source of instruction, then there is no context, opportunity, or encouragement for reflective thinking.
5. Active participation and self-perception as competent source of information: Is it possible that FIE students become active participants in classroom discussions and see themselves as potent sources of information, but are passive and withdrawn in mathematics? Sure, if they think that there are correct, and otherwise incorrect answers in mathematics, and that they do not "remember" the correct ones. Mathematics teachers must know, and teach the formal logic of mathematics, rather than just how to manipulate numbers and symbols by unexplained rules. Instead, research shows that students' understanding of mathematics is indeed fragmented and rudimentary; classroom discussions lack meaning that transcends the tasks at hand; imagery and spatial visualization, are often absent in classroom instruction; "drill" on one hand and "discovery learning" on the other are often ineffective; and memorization takes precedence over understanding5.
Weak" thinkers can memorize and reproduce information, and pass tests that require no more than rudimentary knowledge, and students who think well do not have any advantage with these kinds of achievement standards. Thinking abilities are utilized only where instruction challenges them, and where tests measure them.
Even where teachers were well prepared, and delivered FIE successfully, the preparation for the program alone is not all they need for their professional development. Teachers need additional help in understanding the fundamental concepts they teach; and they need help in integrating the concepts they teach into the broader curriculum. Consider the cases of literacy, science and mathematics.
Literacy, or language arts standards essentially describe not contents, but rather, complex cognitive operations. It describes how students ought to be able to gather literary information effectively from a variety of sources – not what information they should gather; how such information must be elaborated upon logically to produce valid new information – not how it should be reproduced; and how students' must translate their own elaborated thoughts into effective communication. If teachers do not know how to recognize the development of these cognitive processes in their language and classes, the standards, and the achievement tests that measure them are inevitably only intimidating for them and for their students.
It is documented that students hold misconceptions about nature and science that can be altered through mediated learning. Students have difficulties understanding the relationship between theory and observations; they have difficulties understanding experimentation; they have difficulties interpreting evidence; they tend to make a causal inference based on a single concurrence of antecedent and outcome; they tend to look for or accept only evidence that is consistent with their belief and discount those that are not; they perceive knowledge in terms of "right/wrong" rather then as ideas supported by reason. They have to learn that different opinions must have reasons that can be challenged on rational grounds. The benchmarks for science literacy, as defined by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Project 2001, describe exactly these cognitive developmental milestones – teachers do not always see them as such.
Teachers of all subject areas need help in identifying and understanding the cognitive processes involved in the development of concepts. They certainly need deeper understanding of the concepts they teach, sometimes they need other help as well. For example, they need to know how to use technology and other resources as soon as they become available, how to read and segregate state achievement test results, and need to research new textbooks. FIE alone can not offer all the conditions for teachers' professional development, but it helps prioritize, model, and facilitate the development of teachers and education systems that are better focused on learning and cognitive development in students.
FIE and student support – a modifying school environment
Research shows that the most significant results occur where FIE is implemented with the involvement of the entire education staff, and is institutionalized as a required curriculum for all the students in the system (from a certain grade level). This kind of effort is very difficult to initiate and sustain. However, if it does happen over time, such efforts yield the development of support mechanisms for teachers and students, including peer coaching and teaching, action research and evaluation, assessment of student growth and strategies that deal successfully with student transience, and parent involvement.
The experiences of systemic implementation of FIE that have completely succeeded are few and far between. I can mention the Israeli experience, the Venezuelan, the Brazilian, and a school district here and there. But the results are always beyond expectations. The rate of students who perform at low academic levels decreases, and the rate of those who perform at high academic levels increases; student dropout rate decreases and school attendance increases; the education staff feels competent to deal successfully with exceptional children; educational placement costs decrease, and counseling costs drop. The educational system is reformed and restructured to be more effective.
"Educational reform is not an arcane business; it is not primarily a matter of great complexity, but one of will and political courage. It involves the willingness to hold institutions and individuals accountable, to make commitment to each child, and the courage when necessary to challenge and change the system." (William J. Bennett, Secretary of Education, USA)6
Time and again FIE is considered a viable tool in helping schools address learning needs. It happened four decades ago as the program was designed to help mainstream young Israeli immigrants who survived war torn Europe, and it happens today as schools world wide need to prepare more and more diverse student populations for an increasingly intellectually challenging future. How is it that a program so old finds itself repeatedly ranked high among the "educational innovations" of the day? Because it makes available a common conceptual and practical framework that address the development of cognitive skills; it facilitates an effective design of education that supports children (not programs) with the major goal that all children shall learn to learn and to think; it offers a concrete model rather than just a philosophy; it is accompanied by an effective and workable training for all teachers, including regular and special educators, psychologists, social workers, and even parents; it establishes new patterns of collaboration among all service providers, including regular and special educators, psychologists, social workers and parents; it permits a strong evaluation design which focuses on learning; and it offers students stimulating instructional materials. FIE creates a framework and incentive for school reform.
Adams, M.J., "Thinking Skills Curricula: Their Promises and Progress," Educational Psychologist 24 (1989) 25–77.
Arbitman-Smith, Haywood, Bransford, "Assessing Cognitive Change," in Learning and Cognition in the Mentally Retarded, ed. Brooks, P. H., Sperber, R., and McCauley, C. (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994), 453–63.
Burden, R.L., "FIE Programme: Important Issues in Research and Evaluation," European Journal of Psychology of Education 11 (1987): 3–16.
Ellis, A. K. Research on Educational Innovations. 3rd ed. Eye on Education, Inc.,. Larchmont, NY. (2001): 88-91.
Feuerstein, R., Y. Rand, M. B. Hoffman, and R. Miller. Instrumental enrichment: An intervention program for cognitive modifiability. University Park Press. Baltimore. (1980).
Liping, M., (1999). Knowing and Teaching Elementary Mathematics: Teachers Understanding of Fundamental Mathematics in China and the United States. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Mayer, R. "Intelligence and Education". In. R. Sternberg (Ed.) Handbook of Intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.(2000): 519-533.
Savell, J.M., P. T. Towhig, and Douglas, L.R., "Status of FIE. US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences," Review of Educational Research 56, no. 4 (1986): 381–409.
Other documents
The National Commission on Mathematics and Science Teaching for The 21st Century. Sept. 27, 2000.
Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). 1989
Benchmarks for Science Literacy: Project 2061. The American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1993). Pp. 332-333
Catalog of School Reform Models (March, 1999)
1 Catalog of School Reform Models (March, 1999)
2 Arbitman-Smith, Haywood, Bransford, "Assessing Cognitive Change," in Learning and Cognition in the Mentally Retarded, ed. Brooks, P. H., Sperber, R., and McCauley, C. (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994), 453–63.3 Feuerstein, R., Y. Rand, M. B. Hoffman, and R. Miller. (1980). Instrumental enrichment: An intervention program for cognitive modifiability. University Park Press. Baltimore:
4 Hartford Connecticut; New York City; San Juan, PR; Philadelphia; Detroit; Taunton, MA; Leander, TX. Evaluation studies are in process at Fresno, Ca; Los Angeles; Chicago; Cleveland; and St Louis.
5 The National Commission on Mathematics and Science teaching for the 21st Century. Sept. 27, 2000.
6 Bennet, W. J. The Devaluing of America: The fight for our culture and our children. New York: Summit Books. (1992), p.71
Meir Ben-Hur, Ph.D. is a student, teacher, researcher, and leader of cognitive based education. He has studied for 25 years with world renown psychologist Dr. Reuven Feuerstein. For twenty-seven years he has been a teacher of high school mathematics and physics, university graduate courses in psychology and mathematics education. He conducted and participated in a number of studies on cognitive correlates of middle-school mathematics.
In recent years he joined the leaders of innovative teacher enhancement initiatives related to middle school mathematics and cognitive education, and worked closely with many school districts in the United States, and around the world. In addition, Meir has been involved in performance enhancement initiatives with employees of leading corporations including Motorola. Meir is currently the Director of Learning Applications at Virtual Learning Systems and an International Lead Consultant for Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment.
For further information please contact Mary Jane Bloethner at email@example.com or Meir Ben -Hur at firstname.lastname@example.com. Website URL is www.iriinc.us.
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Environmental Accounting
Jean Louis Weber
This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Please check back later for the full article.
Environmental accounting is an attempt to broaden the scope of the accounting frameworks used to assess economic performance in order to take stock of elements that are not adequately recorded in books. Although national accounting has been the driving force, environmental accounting encompasses all accounting frameworks, including national accounts, financial accounting standards, and accounts established to assess the costs and benefits of plans and projects.
There are several approaches to economic environmental accounting at the national level. One purpose is the calculation of the genuine economic welfare, by taking into account the losses from environmental damages caused by economic activity and the gains from unrecorded services provided by nature. Particular attention is given here to the calculation of a "Green GDP" or "Adjusted National Income" and/or "Genuine Savings," as well as natural assets value and depletion. A different view considers the damages caused to renewable natural capital and the resulting maintenance and restoration costs. Beside approaches of benefits and costs, more descriptive accounts in physical units are produced with the purpose of assessing resource use efficiency. With regard to natural assets, the focus can be on the ones directly used by the economy, or more broadly on the ecosystem capacity to deliver services, ecosystem resilience, and its possible degradation.
These different approaches are not necessarily contradictory, although controversies are noted in the literature. The discussion focuses on issues such as the legitimacy of combining values obtained with shadow prices (needed to value the elements that are not priced by the market) with the transaction values recorded in the national accounts, the relative importance of accounts in monetary vs. physical units, and ultimately, the goals for environmental accounting. These goals include assessing the sustainability of the economy in terms of conservation (or increase) of the net income flow and total economic wealth (the weak sustainability paradigm) in relation to the sustainability of the ecosystem, which supports livelihoods and well-being in the broader sense (strong sustainability).
In 2012, the UN Statistical Commission adopted an international statistical standard called SEEA-CF (System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Central Framework). The SEEA-CF covers only items that are mature enough to be proposed for implementation by national statistical offices. A second volume on SEEA-Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (EEA) was added in 2013, to supplement the SEEA-CF with a research agenda and the development of tests. Experiments of the SEEA-EEA are developing at the initiative of the World Bank (WAVES), UNEP (VANTAGE, ProEcoServ), or the CBD (SEEA-ENCA-QSP).
Beside the SEEA, and in relation to it, we can mention other environmental accounting frameworks, developed for specific purposes: "material flow accounting" (MFA), which is now a regular framework at the OECD; the IPCC guidelines for UNFCCC reporting; the Ecological Footprint; and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of 2005. Environmental accounting is also a subject of interest for business, both as a way to assess impacts, costs, and benefits of projects and to define new accounting standards to assess long-term performance and risks.
The Environmental Kuznets Curve
David I. Stern
The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is a hypothesized relationship between environmental degradation and GDP per capita. In the early stages of economic growth, pollution emissions and other human impacts on the environment increase, but beyond some level of GDP per capita (which varies for different indicators), the trend reverses, so that at high income levels, economic growth leads to environmental improvement. This implies that environmental impacts or emissions per capita are an inverted U-shaped function of GDP per capita. The EKC has been the dominant approach among economists to modeling ambient pollution concentrations and aggregate emissions since Grossman and Krueger introduced it in 1991 and is even found in introductory economics textbooks. Despite this, the EKC was criticized almost from the start on statistical and policy grounds, and debate continues. While concentrations and also emissions of some local pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, have clearly declined in developed countries in recent decades, evidence for other pollutants, such as carbon dioxide, is much weaker. Initially, many understood the EKC to imply that environmental problems might be due to a lack of sufficient economic development, rather than the reverse, as was conventionally thought. This alarmed others because a simplistic policy prescription based on this idea, while perhaps addressing some issues like deforestation or local air pollution, could exacerbate environmental problems like climate change. Additionally, many of the econometric studies that supported the EKC were found to be statistically fragile. Some more recent research integrates the EKC with alternative approaches and finds that the relation between environmental impacts and development is subtler than the simple picture painted by the EKC. This research shows that usually, growth in the scale of the economy increases environmental impacts, all else held constant. However, the impact of growth might decline as countries get richer, and richer countries are likely to make more rapid progress in reducing environmental impacts. Finally, there is often convergence among countries, so that countries that have relatively high levels of impacts reduce them more quickly or increase them more slowly, all else held constant.
Material and Energy Flow Analysis
Vincent Moreau and Guillaume Massard
The concept of metabolism takes root in biology and ecology as a systematic way to account for material flows in organisms and ecosystems. Early applications of the concept attempted to quantify the amount of water and food the human body processes to live and sustain itself. Similarly, ecologists have long studied the metabolism of critical substances and nutrients in ecological succession towards climax. With industrialization, the material and energy requirements of modern economic activities have grown exponentially, together with emissions to the air, water and soil. From an analogy with ecosystems, the concept of metabolism grew into an analytical methodology for economic systems.
Research in the field of material flow analysis has developed approaches to modeling economic systems by assessing the stocks and flows of substances and materials for systems defined in space and time. Material flow analysis encompasses different methods: industrial and urban metabolism, input–output analysis, economy-wide material flow accounting, socioeconomic metabolism, and more recently material flow cost accounting. Each method has specific scales, reference substances such as metals, and indicators such as concentration. A material flow analysis study usually consists of a total of four consecutive steps: (a) system definition, (b) data acquisition, (c) calculation, and (d) interpretation. The law of conservation of mass underlies every application, which implies that all material flows, as well as stocks, must be accounted for.
In the early 21st century, material depletion, accumulation, and recycling are well-established cases of material flow analysis. Diagnostics and forecasts, as well as historical or backcast analyses, are ideally performed in a material flow analysis, to identify shifts in material consumption for product life cycles or physical accounting and to evaluate the material and energy performance of specific systems.
In practice, material flow analysis supports policy and decision making in urban planning, energy planning, economic and environmental performance, development of industrial symbiosis and eco industrial parks, closing material loops and circular economy, pollution remediation/control and material and energy supply security. Although material flow analysis assesses the amount and fate of materials and energy rather than their environmental or human health impacts, a tacit assumption states that reduced material throughputs limit such impacts.
Monitoring and Modeling of Outdoor Air Pollution
Stefan Reis
Air pollution has been a major threat to human health, ecosystems, and agricultural crops ever since the onset of widespread use of fossil fuel combustion and emissions of harmful substances into ambient air. As a basis for the development, implementation, and compliance assessment of air pollution control policies, monitoring networks for priority air pollutants were established, primarily for regulatory purposes. With increasing understanding of emission sources and the release and environmental fate of chemicals and toxic substances into ambient air, as well as atmospheric transport and chemical conversion processes, increasingly complex air pollution models have entered the scene. Today, highly accurate equipment is available to measure trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. In addition, sophisticated atmospheric chemistry transport models—which are routinely compared to and validated and assessed against measurements—are used to model dispersion and chemical processes affecting the composition of the atmosphere, and the resulting ambient concentrations of harmful pollutants. The models also provide methods to quantify the deposition of pollutants, such as acidifying and eutrophying substances, in vegetation, soils, and freshwater ecosystems. This article provides a general overview of the underlying concepts and key features of monitoring and modeling systems for outdoor air pollution.


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Do You Remember Me?
Hi Daddy,
It's me again. I guess you remember me, though it's a while since we last talked. I'm really bad like that -- during the day, I just forget, and it's like you're locked away in a little box inside me. You only come out when it's convenient, usually before exams or when I'm feeling ill, and that's not how it should be. Unfortunately, it is.
I wanted to tell you about how lonely I am. It's like I'm always on my own -- and more now, because there are people who are telling me I'm immature, people who aren't talking to me because they think I'm weird, people who just don't know who I am, and people who aren't exactly unfriendly but they don't really bother because they've got their own groups and that's enough, they don't need me. They don't think about me, there on the outside, because it's not really relevant.
I know you told me that whenever I was alone I could come to you, and yet sometimes I don't want to admit that I'm lonely and I can't bear it any more -- I don't want to admit that my music and my writing and my dancing isn't enough to sustain me. Sometimes, just sometimes, there are unrealised dreams that writing about and reading about isn't enough. It's not enough.
But someone told me yetserday that I should come and tell you, so here I am. I thought I'd tell you everything, even though I've cried so much while pouring out my troubles. I wonder if you're like other people, and you don't know how to deal with it. But I'm sure your other children are just as bad, right? Or worse. I may cry a lot but I know people who do it more.
I was wondering if you could help me with this. I don't want to be a trouble, but it's like I said: you told me I should always come to you with problems. I've got a lot of problems. I guess that means I should come to you a lot but I don't; they just build up and up until they overflow and I spend all night crying and talking to you and hoping that will help.
I'm not looking for miracles. Or rather, I'm not looking for major miracles, just something that'll help me get along and not feel so bad. Send me something that will keep me going, a friend who understands me and someone to whom I can tell my secrets; a shoulder to cry on, Daddy, that would be good.
With love,
Your daughter.


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VR Headset Waterproof Case Earphone Smart Watch Charger Data Cable Armband Apple Watch GoPro Hose Pipe Wireless TV Box Lightning Cable Forecum Screen Protector Memory Card Holder
Aluminum Alloy Lights UP Micro USB to Magnetic Charger Adapter for Sony Xperia Z3 Z2 Z1 Z Ultra - Black. This is a micro USB to Sony magnetic charging interface Converter. Let you charge your Sony Xperia Z Ultra/Z1 through your old 5PIN Micro USB cable.
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text: Video transcript – Planning for retirement A few years before retirement, you should plan ahead so your fund is ready to make super payments. If you don't, you could run into trouble! You need to decide what type of super payments your fund will make - income streams or lump sum payments? You should review fund investments to make sure your fund will have enough cash or liquid assets to make super payments to members. If you pay an income stream - there are minimum annual amounts that must be paid. If your fund can't pay them, it will not qualify for tax benefits. Meet Kelly. Kelly is retired and her income stream is paid from the fund's investment returns. The investments didn't do so well this year and her fund couldn't make the minimum payment. So the fund doesn't qualify for tax benefits, and Kelly will have to cancel that holiday she planned. She should have planned ahead to have more cash available in her SMSF. A fund can also make a lump sum payment. This can be paid in cash or a non-cash form such as property or shares. Bob and Greg have an SMSF, which has only invested in property. Greg is retiring and needs a lump sum payment for his retirement plans. The fund has to sell some property. The market is in a slump and the property sells for well under the asking price. Now Greg has less money for his retirement - and Bob has to work longer to re-build his super! If they had planned ahead they could have sold the property earlier when the market was stronger! Trustees should have a meeting to plan for future super payments. Meeting minutes must be kept on file. Otherwise, you could be fined thousands of dollars which you have to pay out of your own pocket. An SMSF professional can help you plan ahead to get the best out of your retirement. For more SMSF information take a look at our other videos – or visit the ATO website at ato.gov.au Last modified: 12 Nov 2015QC 39855


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Mata Gurdev Kaur Memorial Educational Institute
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Mata Gurdev Kaur Memorial Educational Institute is situated at BARETA(MANSA) in Mansa.
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Mata Gurdev Kaur Memorial Educational Institute - MGKMEI
Milkha Singh Educational Society was started with an aim to develop healthy & educationally strong atmosphere in educationally & socially backward area 'Bareta Mandi' of Distt. Mansa. The area is not fortunate enough as for as natural resources are concerned, it is lagging behind as for as various aspacts of economy & society are concerned. We took our first step of with the establishment of Milkha Singh Educational institute in 2005 working with a mission to improve educational environment in this area, we relised that condtion is worse in case of girls. Now we are going to start with a new mission to provide better oppertunities to girls. Mission of Mata Gurdev Kaur Memorial Educational Institute is 'to foster critical analysis by training students both in theory and practice so as to equip them with skills needed for facing global challenges with team work and human values. And to build quality network with the Industry, educationists and the society for exchanging knowledge'. The modern teaching methodology assists the students in getting an all around view of engineering, technology and the entrepreneur world. The diligent faculty team of the college possesses hands-on experience and up to date knowledge of their subject and area of expertise. The infrastructure and facilities of Mata Gurdev Kaur Memorial Educational Institute consists of spread-out campus alongside various amenities in the form of library, computer center, classrooms with proper teaching and learning aids, medical facilities etc. The institute seeks to place each of its students in an organization/company of great repute.
Why join Mata Gurdev Kaur Memorial Educational Institute
The college has well state of the art infrastructure facilities.
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At Mata Gurdev Kaur Memorial Educational Institute (MGKMEI) the students are endowed with all convenient amenities that make their life 'go easy' in college hours, alongside make learning more interesting. Some of the facilities include well ventilated classrooms, recreational areas, indoor and outdoor games, stocked library, medical facilities etc.
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2015 34 Saber Twin 725 Ilmors on Indy drives, Merlin dash, Garmin8208 chart plotter, Livorsi gauges, Livorsi shift/throttle, Livorsi trim/drive led indicator, Sea strainers, Gbb muffler inserts, Platform, Aqualuma underwater lights, Manning triple axle alum trailer. Enclosed head, hanging closed and room for a fridge, Owner can choose how they want cabin finished. Trailer avaible please call for pricing.
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text:
The connections impress, too, by virtue of their sheer number. There are four HDMIs for starters, joined by, among other things, two USB ports and an Ethernet jack.
The USBs support playback of photo, music and video formats, including DivX HD, while the LAN port is there in the first instance as mandatory support for an integrated Freeview HD tuner.
But the LAN also enables you to pipe in files from a DLNA PC, and even access online features. However, before you get too excited about all this, in fact the DLNA support requires you to have a Windows 7 PC if you want to get the best out of it (at least where video playback is concerned). And as for the online features, they're restricted to just YouTube and the BBC iPlayer.
Admittedly, these represent two of the most widely useful and popular online features currently being sported by 'connected' TVs. And it's good to see the iPlayer incarnation supporting HD streaming as well as standard def for people whose connections can take the strain.
But it's also impossible to ignore the fact that while the likes of Philips, Panasonic, Samsung and especially Sony are busy presenting vast worlds of online TV content already, the 46VL758's provision of just two services feels pretty second division to say the least. Hopefully it's more a trial run for something much more substantial on the online content front to come next year - probably on Toshiba's intriguing-looking CEVO TV.
Toshiba has shown more willingness than many brands this year to offer serious calibration tools on its TVs - even the low-rent ones. So it's no surprise to find the relatively high-level 46VL758 letting you adjust the hue, saturation and gain of all six of the six main colour components with pretty good finesse. And it's also possible to leave only the red, green or blue colour content onscreen at any time for tighter calibration of the individual primary colours.
You're also given the tools for adjusting the set's gamma using either the 2-point or 10-point schemes, and can select the set's best balance between light and dark content via a strikingly simple black and white sliding bar interface.
The 46VL758's apparent keenness to prove that it's much more than just a pretty face extends to its video processing. For it has 100Hz; Toshiba's long-running Active Vision LCD system (which affects a multitude of picture elements); and Toshiba's respected Resolution+ system for boosting the resolution of standard definition sources.
Well, it's respected here anyway. Some quarters seem to find the engine prone to introducing noise. Which it can, but only if you don't keep it reined in by not setting it any higher than its three level. Maybe even its two level if you're particularly sensitive to grain. Follow this advice, though, and you should be impressed with the improvements it can wreak on all but the very poorest-quality standard definition sources.
So far, we've been mildly impressed by the 46VL758, despite not finding its design quite as aggressively different as we'd hoped it would be. But nothing the 46VL758 has going for it fully compensates for some pretty glaring picture quality issues.
I have noticed you keep saying that Toshiba's DLNA capable TV's only support DLNA through Windows 7. Well I beg to differ, as I will explain.
Although in the instruction manual and on their website they push Windows 7 as the way to access the TV via DLNA, this is purely because it is easy to set up as the supplied WMP has transcoding built into it, therefore you don't need to buy a separate media server. However, this feature is not restricted to Windows 7 PC's. With a little research you will find 3rd party software on line to enable transcoding on Vista and XP based PC's.
Unfortunately, the results using WMP+transcoding are horrible with poor quality video and terrible sound. Why I have no idea, but its fair to say that the transcoding on WMP sucks big time and I'd avoid using it at all costs. To confirm it is an issue with Windows transcoding I tried it on my mates Samsung (I forget the model name) and the results were just as bad.
But WMP is not the only solution for a Toshiba DLNA enabled TV. DLNA media servers can be set up to work with them and it is a piece of cake. I use Twonky Media with my 40SL753 and I can tell you the results are superb - much, much better than any windows based transcoding with excellent video/audio quality and seamless operation. Having checked out what the 46VL758 supports on DLNA.org I have no doubt whatever that this model will give exactly the same results if given the chance.
For interest my mate's Samsung fared just as well when he bought a DLNA capable media server. So I am of the opinion that the Windows PC method is probably the worst way to experience what a DLNA capable TV can do.
It may help if you went to the DLNA website and looked at what the TV actually supports. It might also help if you actually tested alternative methods - surely you have a DLNA approved media server for testing purposes? For interest here are the official DLNA certificates for the 40SL753 and the 46VL758:
Of late I am beginning to wonder if we can actually trust the reviews on this site. I looked back at the 40SL753 review and I noticed you slated the DLNA performance. Clearly you didn't try another DLNA capable media server. Very lazy! I also thought you were very harsh on the Motorola XT720 mobile phone. I preferred it in spades to the Samsung Galaxy – a device you rated higher, yet is flimsy in comparison to the Motorola and, to me at least, was a very mixed bag in operation, plus I really did not like the hazy quality of the display.
I have noticed a few other comments of late about the laziness of some articles and some highly dubious review ratings (Nokia N8 is one, which I see has since been revised). I may have to start looking elsewhere for more representative and informative reviews and news.
Man, are we TR readers demanding!! I hope you Journos are thick skinned ;-)
Anyway, the only reason I am prompted comment is my reaction to the price:
You CAN NOT be serious? Are you nuts Toshiba? To paraphrase, Schh, you know who!
Send your Marketing people back to school.
It is not a case of being demanding, it is a case of pointing out a factual error.
The review states that the TV's DLNA functionality is limited to Windows 7 PC's. This is factually incorrect, as my SL753 works seamlessly with a DLNA certified media server (Twonky Media). I checked the DLNA certificate of the 46VL758 and it has exactly the same capabilities as mine so I am sure this TV will function just as well with other certified DLNA media servers.
Can I ask what your beef with the price is? It is similar to other freeview HD models from Samsung (46C5800), LG (47LE5300/5900) and Sony (46EX403/503/713). I don't quite understand what your issue is. Whether it, or the competition, are worth this outlay or not is another debate but at least realise that thie price of this set is not dissimilar to what's out there.
My "beef" is compare what Tosh is offering and what LG (LG 50PX990 Review) and others are offering:
They are both plasmas. The Tosh is LED edge lit LCD. Plasmas, for whatever reason, seem to be cheaper for comparable size/spec.
The TV's I listed are all the same tech as the Tosh, likewise none of them have 3d and all are in a similar price range. Therefore, if you're going to level those accuastions at Tosh then you must do the same to the others as they would appear 'light' on the spec front too.
Yes, I was well aware.
However, it is clear we have different value system.
Yes we do. In my opinion you like to compare apples with pears. It does seem that plasmas are generally cheaper than LCD's, particularly LED back/edge lit ones. Thus, the models I mentioned, which all have a similar feature list to the Tosh reviewed, appear to be over priced compared to the two TV's you listed.
Also, not everyone likes plasma. I have issues with it, particularly the image retention problem noted with the LG - I have seen this and it is very off-putting in my opinion and would stop be buying one. But I am impressed with Panny plasmas, always have been. Now Pioneer no longer make them we only have them to hold the torch for the best that plasma can do.
Also, the LG does not have Freeview HD, although the Panny does (and Freesat too), so it becomes a bit 'horses for courses' with that TV. Of the two you listed I would pick the panny personally. But if I was going to splash out on a TV I would pick a philips 9 series - they just look gorgeous if you spend the time setting them up.
It seems you have 'proven' that you can compare apples (LCD) and pears (Plasma). You look at the benefits of each and decide which offers best value...... In the end it seems we are in agreement as per your last para.
Merry X-Mas and Happy New Year.
I said if I was to pick one of the two TV's you listed...Also I used the word 'appear' in my first paragraph. This is because I do not necessarily agree that the TV's I listed are actually over priced. They are two different technologies with their own fans.
If I was to buy a 46/47" TV around the £1k price tag I would consider all of the models listed, including the plasmas. However, I think I would end up with an LCD because I do favour the way it presents a picture.
i need to connect my pc to toshiba regza screen by vga it is work , now in the same time i want to connect the output of toshiba regza to sharp tv screen by hdmi so i want to view my pc in the sharp tv this not work
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I guess I could only take the Romero reference so far with this one, huh?
Nonetheless! Living Dead I Dolls are still a little bit away from their debut, but they have a look and they have music, and cross your fingers and throw salt over your shoulder and spit into the wind and/or whatever it is your do to ward off the evil dead, because:
Thank the gods. Continue reading


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Indiana lawmakers back police Alzheimer's training
Indiana police officers will face more training on interacting with people with Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia under a proposal that's been approved by the Legislature.
The Indiana House voted unanimously Wednesday in favor of the bill previously approved by the Senate.
The bill would require the Indiana Law Enforcement Academy to give recruits six hours of training in dealing with dementia patients. The academy would also establish a similar in-service training program for current officers.
Bill sponsor Rep. Bill Friend of Macy says he sought the increased training because he was dismayed by a Peru police officer's decision last year to use a stun gun five times on a combative 64-year-old nursing home resident with advanced Alzheimer's.
The bill now goes to the governor for consideration.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)