text:
Join the 'Vancocin' group to help and get support from people like you.
Vancocin News
FDA Medwatch Alert: Vancomycin Hydrochloride for Injection, USP by Hospira: Recall - Particulate Matter in Vial
Posted 25 Jan 2017 by Drugs.com
ISSUE: Hospira, Inc. is voluntarily recalling one lot of Vancomycin Hydrochloride for Injection, USP (NDC: 0409-6510-01, Lot 591053A, Expiry Date 1NOV2017), to the hospital/retail level due to a confirmed customer report for the presence of particulate matter within a single vial. The product is packaged in a carton containing 1x100 mL vial. The lot was distributed from August 2016 through September 2016 in the United States. If particulate is administered to a patient, it may result in local swelling, irritation of blood vessels or tissue, blockage of blood vessels and/or low-level allergic response to the particulate. The risk is reduced by the possibility of detection, as the label contains a clear statement directing the physician to visually inspect the product for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. BACKGROUND: Vancomycin Hydrochloride is indicated for ... Read more
Related support groups: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection, Vancomycin, Vancocin, Vancocin HCl, Vancocin HCl Pulvules, Lyphocin
Health Tip: Understanding Antibiotics
Posted 9 Dec 2015 by Drugs.com
-- By taking an antibiotic as prescribed, you can get well faster and help prevent germs from becoming resistant to your medication. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offers these antibiotic guidelines: Never skip a dose of antibiotic. Always take it on schedule, as directed. Never stop taking an antibiotic early. Always take the entire prescription, unless your doctor tells you otherwise. Never save any antibiotic medication for a future illness. Never take an antibiotic that was prescribed for another person. Read more
Related support groups: Infections, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Doxycycline, Bacterial Infection, Clindamycin, Cephalexin, Azithromycin, Bactrim, Cipro, Ciprofloxacin, Augmentin, Levaquin, Flagyl, Keflex, Zithromax, Valtrex, Trimethoprim, Acyclovir, Sulfamethoxazole
Antibiotics May Not Help After 'Complicated' Appendectomy
Posted 2 Nov 2015 by Drugs.com
MONDAY, Nov. 2, 2015 – Antibiotics may not reduce the risk of infections in patients who undergo what's known as a "complicated" appendix removal, a new study finds. "The traditional teaching is that all patients with complicated appendicitis receive post-operative antibiotics to reduce the risk of wound infection or deep organ space infection," study lead author Dennis Kim, of the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, explained in an institute news release. But is that advisory warranted? To find out, Kim's team tracked five-year outcomes for 410 patients. All of the patients had complicated appendectomies, meaning that their appendix was found to be perforated or gangrenous. About two-thirds of the patients received antibiotics after surgery. Those who received antibiotics had no fewer infections, Kim's team said, and they stayed in hospital an average of one day longer than ... Read more
Related support groups: Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Cephalexin, Azithromycin, Bactrim, Cipro, Ciprofloxacin, Levaquin, Keflex, Zithromax, Sulfamethoxazole, Erythromycin, Minocycline, Clarithromycin, Levofloxacin, Bactrim DS, Cefdinir, Vancomycin, Tetracycline, Avelox
Drug to Treat Serious Infections May Harm Kids' Kidneys, Study Says
Posted 5 Jan 2015 by Drugs.com
TUESDAY, Dec. 30, 2014 – Treating children who have drug-resistant bacterial infections with high doses of the antibiotic vancomycin may raise the risk of kidney damage, a new study says. Researchers said the drug should be used cautiously. "Our results bear out the difficult balancing act between ensuring the dose is high enough to successfully treat these serious and, at times, life-threatening infections against the small but real risk for kidney damage," said the study's senior investigator, Carlton Lee, a pediatric clinical pharmacist at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center in Baltimore. "Ultimately, what we really need are new drugs that achieve the same therapeutic effect without taking a toll on the kidneys and other organs," Lee said in a Hopkins news release. Vancomycin is only used to treat infections that don't respond to other medications. One of these bacteria is MRSA ... Read more
Related support groups: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection, Vancomycin, Vancocin, Vancocin HCl, Vancocin HCl Pulvules, Lyphocin
Older Antibiotic Still Works Against Staph Infections, Study Finds
Posted 17 Oct 2014 by Drugs.com
FRIDAY, Oct. 17, 2014 – An older antibiotic called vancomycin is still effective in treating dangerous Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections, a new study finds. The findings show that doctors should keep using vancomycin to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections even though there are several newer antibiotics available to do the job, University of Nebraska researchers said. They analyzed the outcomes of nearly 8,300 cases of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in the United States and several other countries. The overall death rate was 26 percent. The researchers concluded that vancomycin is still a safe and effective treatment in such cases. Their findings were published Oct. 15 in the Journal of the American Medical Association. "The study provides strong evidence that vancomycin remains highly useful," study leader Dr. Andre Kalil, an infectious diseases specialist ... Read more
Related support groups: Bacterial Infection, Vancomycin, Vancocin, Vancocin HCl, Vancocin HCl Pulvules, Lyphocin
Medicines Are Biggest Culprit in Fatal Allergic Reactions: Study
Posted 10 Oct 2014 by Drugs.com
THURSDAY, Oct. 9, 2014 – Although food allergies have garnered a lot of attention lately, a new study reports that medications are actually the biggest cause of sudden deaths related to allergy. Over a little more than a decade, nearly 60 percent of the allergy-related deaths were caused by medications, while less than 7 percent were caused by food allergies, the study found. "Medications can be dangerous," said study researcher Dr. Elina Jerschow, director of the Drug Allergy Center at Montefiore Medical Center and assistant professor of medicine at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, in New York City. While research from other countries has reported medications as a major culprit in anaphylaxis-related deaths, Jerschow said, the problem has been less defined in the United States. One reason is that there is no national registry for anaphylaxis deaths, she said. The study was ... Read more
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FDA Medwatch Alert: Vancomycin Hydrochloride for Injection USP, Equivalent to 1 Gram Vancomycin (Sterile Powder) by Hospira, Inc.: Recall - Uncontrolled Storage During Transit
Posted 9 Oct 2014 by Drugs.com
ISSUE: Hospira, Inc. issued a voluntary nationwide user-level recall of one lot of Vancomycin Hydrochloride for Injection, USP, Equivalent to 1 g Vancomycin (Sterile Powder), NDC 0409-6533-01, Lot 35-315-DD with expiration date of 01 NOV 2015. The product may have experienced temperature excursions during shipment to a customer and then was further distributed by the customer. This recall is being carried out to the medical facility/retail level (both human and veterinary). BACKGROUND: There have been no adverse events or complaints reported for the affected lot. RECOMMENDATION: Anyone with an existing inventory of the recalled lot should stop use and distribution and quarantine the product immediately. Please notify all users in your facility. If you have further distributed the recalled product please notify any accounts or additional locations which may have received the recalled ... Read more
Related support groups: Bacterial Infection, Vancomycin, Vancocin, Vancocin HCl, Vancocin HCl Pulvules, Lyphocin
Hospitals' High Antibiotic Use May Boost Germs' Resistance: Study
Posted 7 Oct 2014 by Drugs.com
TUESDAY, Oct. 7, 2014 – About half of all U.S. hospital patients receive antibiotics, and these drugs are commonly the ones more likely to promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a new study found. "This is where the bad bugs spread, in the hospitals, because so many people are receiving antibiotics, and one of the only things that can spread are the antibiotic-resistant bugs," said Dr. Eli Perencevich, an infectious disease epidemiologist at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine. "We have to figure out better ways to reduce excess antibiotic use, and one way to do that is to get better at making diagnoses," he added. The study identified how many of more than 11,000 patients received antibiotics on a given day at one of 183 hospitals throughout the United States in 2011. The researchers found that 50 percent of these patients got at least one antibiotic, and ... Read more
Related support groups: Bacterial Infection, Cephalexin, Azithromycin, Bactrim, Cipro, Ciprofloxacin, Levaquin, Keflex, Zithromax, Sulfamethoxazole, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection, Levofloxacin, Bactrim DS, Cefdinir, Vancomycin, Avelox, Biaxin, Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim
Smarten Up About Antibiotics, CDC Urges
Posted 18 Nov 2010 by Drugs.com
THURSDAY, Nov. 18 – Knowing when to take antibiotics – and when not to – can help fight the rise of deadly "superbugs," say experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About half of antibiotics prescribed are unnecessary or inappropriate, the agency says, and overuse has helped create bacteria that don't respond, or respond less effectively, to the drugs used to fight them. "Antibiotics are a shared resource that has become a scarce resource," said Dr. Lauri Hicks, a medical epidemiologist at the CDC. She's also medical director a of new program, Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work, that had its launch this week. "Everyone has a role to play in preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance," Hicks said. The stakes are high, said Dr. Arjun Srinivasan, CDC's associate director for health care-associated infection prevention programs. Almost every type of bacteria ... Read more
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A Radical Plan To Save Antibiotics
Posted 7 Sep 2010 by Drugs.com
From Guardian Web (September 7, 2010) What are we to do about the diminishing power of antibiotics - once the miracle drugs that looked set to end infectious diseases? We know the problem is becoming very serious - here is a piece I wrote about the alarming prospects for a future without antibiotics. But we don't hear much in the way of imaginative answers. So it's refreshing to read a paper out this morning from Aaron Kesselheim, from Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, and Kevin Outterson, a professor at Boston University Law School. Their analysis, published in the journal Health Affairs, says the usual idea, to give pharmaceutical companies financial incentives to invent and manufacture more antibiotics, won't work. One of the reasons we are in this parlous state of affairs, they say, is that drug companies in the past have tried too hard to sell more ... Read more
Related support groups: Infections, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Doxycycline, Cephalexin, Azithromycin, Penicillin, Bactrim, Cipro, Ciprofloxacin, Augmentin, Levaquin, Flagyl, Keflex, Zithromax, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole, Nitrofurantoin, Erythromycin, Minocycline
Antibiotic Resistance Can Last a Year, Review Finds
Posted 19 May 2010 by Drugs.com
TUESDAY, May 18 – Some patients who take antibiotics may become resistant to them and stay that way for as long as a year, a new review finds. The researchers analyzed 24 studies of antibiotic resistance, in which people develop a partial or full immunity to the powers of a medication. The studies looked at use of the drugs in primary care, most often for respiratory or urinary tract infections. Antibiotic resistance is at its height in the month after a drug is prescribed, but the effect may last for a year, according to the findings published online May 18 in BMJ. "Primary care clinicians and patients may wish to consider this evidence when discussing the benefits and risks of prescribing and consuming antibiotics," study author Alastair Hay, consultant senior lecturer in primary health care at the University of Bristol in England, and colleagues concluded. In an accompanying ... Read more
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection, Bone Infection, Osteomyelitis, Bacterial Infection, Pneumonia, Skin Infection, Clostridial Infection, Bacteremia, Bacterial Endocarditis Prevention, view more... Bacterial Endocarditis Prophylaxis, Sepsis, Pseudomembranous Colitis, Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease, Surgical Prophylaxis, Endocarditis, Shunt Infection, Peritonitis, Burns - External, Meningitis, Enterocolitis, Febrile Neutropenia, Nosocomial Pneumonia


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In North Carolina, tre-fo (34) is slang for Winston-Salem, which has the third biggest crime rate in the 4th largest city. Ironically, its also the first two digits of Winston-Salem inmate numbers
by James Farrow July 08, 2006
Tre-Fo is a slang nickname for Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The reason 34 is the first two digits of Winston-Salem's inmate numbers is because it is the 34th prison district (which is the main reason Winston is called the tre-fo).
I be on it all night, man I be on it
All day straight up pimp
If you want me you can find me in da
All day straight up pimp
If you want me you can find me in da
by Jaspy4L July 30, 2009

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Former Governor Sarah Palin is on the attack because of a joke in the TV cartoon show which involved a child with Down Syndrome. She claims the joke went too far, particularly by linking her family to the cartoon character on the show. In the episode the character Chris falls for a girl with Down syndrome and when he asks about her family, she replies: "my dad's an accountant and my mom is the former governor of Alaska." Ms. Palin's youngest child has Down syndrome. After reading the remarks made on the show this writer is confused about what exactly is being stated that is negative regarding Down syndrome. In fact, the character is displays respect by falling in love with a girl having Down syndrome.
The real issue is how angry Sarah Palin becomes when issues of children with disabilities is raised. Strangely, she has no anger when millions of children are living in poverty, she has no anger when millions of children lack medical care or access to decent school. Is there something weird about Palin's anger regarding abuse of children?


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Decision makers
- Splash Damage
- Warner Brothers Games Montreal
Online mode for WiiU - Batman Arkham Origins
I think that we WiiU gamers don't need to be exclude from this awesome online Batman experience! If they want us to buy the game, then include the online mode for WiiU!
- Splash Damage
- Warner Brothers Games Montreal
We, WiiU gamers, sincerly want to play the online multiplayer! I hope you'll respect us and think about us! We're gamers too, so I think you need to treat all of us equally and bring your awesome online multiplayer mode to the WiiU! Nobody wants to pay the full price for an incomplete game, that's just ridiculous! And a lot of people already decided not to buy the game, because of that reason. How do you want the game to sale if it's incomplete and you charge the full price for it! It's not fair!
Online mode for Wii U - Batman Arkham Origins started this petition with a single signature, and now has 1,557 supporters. Start a petition today to change something you care about.
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text:
Taking It to the Bank in Northern California
McCloud River Inn • McCloud, CA
Escape Kit
- A One-Night Stay for Two in the Waterfalls, President's Map Room, Switchboard, or Drawing Room, Sundays through Thursdays ($75) or Fridays and Saturdays ($85), Between November 1, 2012, and April 30, 2013
- Breakfast for Two
- Bottle of Champagne or Wine
Feel like you need to rob a bank just to go on vacation? With this week's Escape to the marvelously quaint McCloud River Inn, in Northern California, all you have to do is stay in one.
Built in 1903 to house the McCloud River Lumber Company's headquarters—and, yes, the town's first bank—the property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It's nestled at the foot of Mount Shasta on five serenely green acres, overflowing with both turn-of-the-century charm and stunning scenery.
You'll get a one-night stay for two, Sundays through Thursdays ($75) or Fridays and Saturdays ($85), between November 1, 2012, and April 30, 2013, with a scrumptious breakfast and a bottle of champagne or wine at this lovingly restored Victorian bed and breakfast.
Cash in on comfort in one of four uniquely decorated signature rooms. The Waterfalls boasts a two-person jetted tub and four-posted bed, while the President's Map Room offers a claw-foot tub and canopy bed. The Switchboard's adjacent sitting room features a charming single bed, whereas the Drawing Room is furnished with rich brown leather chairs.
If you haven't overdrawn on the home-cooked chocolate chip cookie stash, stock up on a bountiful gourmet breakfast of fresh fruit, ice-cold OJ, just-baked pastries, and the famous frittatas from 8 to 9 a.m.
In the winter, hop in your getaway car for a quick four-mile drive to the reasonably priced Mt. Shasta Ski Park for challenging powder-packed runs that are rarely crowded. But, when milder weather is hot on your trail, make a break for priceless day hikes to McCloud River Falls or Castle Lake. You can also tour Lava Beds National Monument and the Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge.
Back at McCloud River Inn, innkeepers Ursula and Mike Weatherford will sentence you to a bottle of bubbly or vino while you kick back by the fireplace. For a little pampering, you can purchase a soothing in-room massage. And if hunger's holding you hostage, local foodie establishments like Café Maddalena can negotiate a culinary compromise.
Pull off the greatest holiday heist ever with this rare retreat to another era.
"Our room was excellent with very comfortable furniture and bedding. The home-cooked breakfast was gourmet quality! We felt very welcome during our stay and look forward to coming back again."-- TripAdvisor
escapes 30-day promise
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the fine print
- Valid for stays through April 30, 2013
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- Reservations required and subject to availability
- Cancellation/re-scheduling policy of 72 hours applies; voucher subject to forfeiture
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- Taxes/Resort fees not included; payable directly to the property
- Upgrades & additional room nights with this stay at a 20% discount may be available at the time of booking, for extra fee paid directly to the property
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- Blackout dates include October 12-13; November 16-25; December 23, 2012-January 1, 2013; February 16-18, 2013
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Their diverse cultural, religious and professional backgrounds have enriched the New Zealand society for decades. In such a complex environment, unity is the key force that brings harmony and understanding. With this vision, the New Zealand Sri Lanka Foundation was established in 1998. The culture, heritage and traditions of Sri Lanka have been an integral part of the lives of Sri Lankans living in New Zealand. It is the commitment of the Foundation to establish and maintain cultural links with Sri Lanka through acclaimed performing artists from Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Food Fair
Come and experience exotic SRI LANKAN flavors and Cultural dances and Art & Crafts, Gifts, Groceries, Jewelry, collectible, plants, Clothing, Face painting, Games, SRI Lankan Music and Much more…
Book Donation
NZSL Foundation committee has decide as our first community project to donate exercise books to the needy school children in rural area of Sri Lanka.
Paduru Party with DJ
New Zeland Sri Lanka Foundation presnt Paduru Party with DJ .
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The bill, passed in a special legislative session called to address the issue, allows lawsuits against people who help teens get abortions in violation of Missouri's parental consent law.
The bill's supporters say they are trying to stop people from helping teens get abortions in Illinois, which has no parental consent law.
The legislation also disqualifies anyone with a financial interest in an abortion — for instance, people who work or volunteer for abortion clinics — from helping minors seek a court exemption to the parental consent law.
"The law would prohibit us, also family members, clergy people, health care providers, from giving young women information about their options if they're pregnant," said Peter Brownlie, president of Planned Parenthood's Kansas and Mid-Missouri chapter.
"That's a First Amendment violation, it's a violation of people's rights to information and it's bad public policy," he said.
Blunt has called the bill "a good pro-life piece of legislation that will reduce the number of abortions in our state" and help in "cultivating a culture that values human life and the rights of the unborn."
The measure was approved 115-35 by the House on Wednesday. The Senate passed it 26-6 last week.
It also requires doctors performing abortions to be affiliated with a hospital within 30 miles. The Springfield Health Care Center worries it could be forced to close because its doctor lacks privileges at a hospital within that distance.
Administrator Michelle Collins said the clinic won't be able to perform abortions unless a court acts quickly to block the law.
The Center for Reproductive Rights, a legal group in New York, filed suit in U.S. District Court in Western Missouri on behalf of the clinic.


text:
December 2009
Compiled by Bibliography Branch
Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center
Maxwell AFB, AL
The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute
endorsement by the U.S. Air Force of this Web site or the information, products,
or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities such
as military exchanges and morale, welfare and recreation sites, the U.S. Air
Force does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find
at these locations. Such links are provided consistent with the stated
purpose of this DoD Web site.
Some materials listed below require access to subscription databases. If you cannot gain access, contact your local library for availability. AU students and faculty can contact the Center's Web Maintainer for a password
All sites listed were last accessed December
7, 2009. The Causes of World War One. First World
War.com. March 2004. Ahmed, Nafeez Mosaddeq. Behind the War on Terror: Western
Secret Strategy and the Struggle for Iraq. Gabriola Island, Canada,
New Society Publishers, 2003. 344 p. Bell, P. M. H. The Origins of the Second World War in Europe.
3rd ed. Harlow, England, Longman, 2007. 398 p. Bollerup, Soren R. and Christensen, Christian D.
Nationalism in Eastern Europe: Causes and Consequences of the
National Revivals and Conflicts in Late Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe.
New York, St. Martin's Press, 1997. 308 p.
Brown, Seyom. The Causes and Prevention of War.
2nd ed. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1994. 260 p.
Cashman, Greg and Robinson, Leonard C. An Introduction to the Causes
of War: Patterns of Interstate Conflict from World War I to Iraq. Lanham,
MD, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. 423 p. The Causes of Quarrel: Essays on Peace, War, and Thomas
Hobbes, edited by Peter Caws. Boston, Beacon Press,
1989. 224 p.
Internet Resources
Available online at: http://www.firstworldwar.com/origins/causes.htm
Cederman, Lars-Erik. Democratization and War in Political Science. Democratization 15:509-524 June 2008.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32069175&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Looks at democratization as a possible cause of conflict.
Conway, John P. War and Religion: Is Religion to Blame? Fort Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff College.
Available online at: http://www.army.mil/professionalwriting/volumes/volume1/december_2003/12_03_2.html
Malul, Miki and Shoham, Amir. The Role of Culture and Economic Variables in Wars and Coups. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 12:1096 September 2006.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eoah&AN=12062884&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
"The increasing number of local and regional conflicts around the world in the past several decades has led us to investigate the causes of war and coups." - Abstract
Moseley, Alex. The Philosophy of War. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2006.
Available online at: http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/w/war.htm
Includes a short section on what causes war.
Von Mises, Ludwig. Economic Causes of War. Foundation for Economic Education, 2008.
Available online at: http://mises.org/story/2949
This is the major part of a lecture delivered in Orange County, California, in October 1944.
Internet Resources - Student Research
Sellers, Robin B. War Without Politics: A Critique of Clausewitz. Washington, National War College, January 1997. 12 p
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA442317
Examines "the current relevance of the Clausewitzian assertion of the relationship between war and policy and its continuing applicability as we enter the 21st century." - Abstract
Discusses the causes of the Iraqi War 2003.
Book call no.: 956.70443 A286b
Behavior, Society, and Nuclear War, edited by Philip E. Tetlock and others. New York, Oxford University Press, 1989. 401 p.
Volume 1 - Chapter 4: The Causes of War: A Review of Theories and Evidence, by Jack S. Levy.
Book call no.: 355.027 B419 v. 1
"Approaches the subject from three different angles: describing the various explanations that have been offered for the war and the historiographical debates that have arisen from them, analyzing the ideological, economic and strategic forces at work in Europe during the 1930s, and tracing the course of events from peace in 1932, via the initial outbreak of hostilities in 1939, through to the climactic German attack on the Soviet Union in 1941 which marked the descent into general conflict." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 940.53112 B434o 2007
Blainey, Geoffrey. The Causes of War. 3rd ed. New York, Free Press, 1988. 325 p.
Book call no.: 355 B634c 1988
Book call no.: 320.540947 B691n
Book call no.: 303.66 B879c 1994
"Explains the causes of war through a sustained combination of theoretical insights and detailed case studies." Examples include World War I, World War II in the Pacific, the Six-Day War, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the Iran-Iraq War, and the Iraq War. - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.027 C338i
Cashman, Greg. What Causes War? An Introduction to Theories of International Conflict. New York, Lexington Books, 1993. 360 p.
Book call no.: 327.16 C338w
Book call no.: 320.01 C734
Causes of War and the Consequences of Peacekeeping in Africa, edited by Ricardo Rene Laremont. Portsmouth, NH, Heinemann, 2002. 311 p.
Includes conflicts in Sudan, Great Lakes Region, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Mozambique, Angola, and Nigeria.
Book call no.: 341.584096 C374
Churchman, David. Why We Fight: Theories of Human Aggression and Conflict. Lanham, MD, University Press of America, 2005. 254 p.
"Draws on more than 20 academic disciplines to describe over 100 theoretical explanations for human aggression and conflict. It also describes and assesses over 70 methods for managing conflict." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 303.6 C563w
Coates, David and others. Blair's War. Cambridge, United Kingdom, Polity, 2004. 184 p.
Discusses Prime Minister Blair's support of the war in Iraq.
Book call no.: 956.704432 C652b
Codevilla, Angelo and Seabury, Paul. War: Ends and Means. 2nd ed. Washington, Potomac Books, 2006. 382 p.
Chapter 2: The Causes of War.
Book call no.: 355.02 S438w 2006
The Coming Age of Scarcity: Preventing Mass Death and Genocide in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Michael N. Dobkowski and Isidor Walliman. Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press, 1998. 350 p.
Competition, Expansion, and Reaction: The Foundations of Contemporary Conflict, by Joseph A. Tainter, pp 174-193.
Book call no.: 333.7 C733
The Causes of World War One. First World
War.com. March 2004.
Ahmed, Nafeez Mosaddeq. Behind the War on Terror: Western
Secret Strategy and the Struggle for Iraq. Gabriola Island, Canada,
New Society Publishers, 2003. 344 p.
Bell, P. M. H. The Origins of the Second World War in Europe.
3rd ed. Harlow, England, Longman, 2007. 398 p.
Bollerup, Soren R. and Christensen, Christian D.
Nationalism in Eastern Europe: Causes and Consequences of the
National Revivals and Conflicts in Late Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe.
New York, St. Martin's Press, 1997. 308 p.
Brown, Seyom. The Causes and Prevention of War.
2nd ed. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1994. 260 p.
Cashman, Greg and Robinson, Leonard C. An Introduction to the Causes
of War: Patterns of Interstate Conflict from World War I to Iraq. Lanham,
MD, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. 423 p.
The Causes of Quarrel: Essays on Peace, War, and Thomas
Hobbes, edited by Peter Caws. Boston, Beacon Press,
1989. 224 p.
Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and
Peace, edited by Richard K. Betts. 3rd ed. New York,
Pearson Longman, 2008. 654 p.
"The carefully chosen and excerpted selections in this popular reader introduce students to the core debates about the causes and the future of war and peace. Through the precision of its approach and attention to new issues, this reader challenges conventional wisdom and encourages more critical examination of the political, economic, social, and military factors that underlie political violence. " - Summary
Book call no.: 909.82 C7481 2008
Copeland, Dale C. The Origins of Major War. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2000. 322 p.
"Brings attention to why governments make decisions that lead to, sustain, and intensify conflicts. Copeland presents detailed historical narratives of several twentieth-century cases, including World War I, World War II, and the cold war." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 940.311 C782o
Couloumbis, Theodore A. Introduction to International Relations: Power and Justice. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1986. 426 p.
War and Its Causes, pp 191-210.
Book call no.: 327 C855i 1986
Crockatt, Richard. America Embattled: September 11,
Anti-Americanism, and the Global Order. New York, Routledge,
2003. 205 p.
"Seeks to understand the terrible attacks of September 11 within a broader historical, political and ideological context. Rather than drawing on simple 'clash of civilizations' oppositions, the author argues that it is important to have an awareness of the complex historical processes that influence." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 940.53112 R144s
Dunnigan, James F. and Martel, William. How to Stop a War: The Lessons of Two Hundred Years of War and Peace. New York, Doubleday, 1987. 298 p.
The Four Causes of War, pp 26-38.
Book call no.: 303.66 D924h
Fierke, K. M. Diplomatic Interventions: Conflict and Change in
a Globalizing World. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 221
Chapter 5: Military Interventions.
Book call no.: 341.584 F465d
The Gaia Peace Atlas, edited by Frank Barnaby. New York, Doubleday, 1988. 271 p.
The Roots of Conflict, pp 36-57.
Book call no.: 327.172 G137
Global Security Concerns: Anticipating the Twenty-First
Century, edited by Karl P. Magyar and Bradley S. Davis. Maxwell
AFB, AL, Air University Press, 1996. 327 p.
History, Culture, and Change: Foundations of Conflicts and Wars, by Karl P. Magyar, pp 3-27.
Anticipating the Twenty-First Century: Economic Sources of Conflicts, by Maris McCrabb, pp 123-142.
The Third World's Nonviable States: A Major Source of Conflict in the Twenty-First Century, by Gary A. Storie, pp 143-162.
Book call no.: 355.027 G562
Glossop, Ronald J. Confronting War: An Examination of
Humanity's Most Pressing Problem. 3rd ed. Jefferson, NC,
McFarland, 1994. 435 p.
Causes of War, pp 47-106.
Book call no.: 303.6 G563c 1994
Hinde, Robert A. and Rotblat, Joseph. War No More:
Eliminating Conflict in the Nuclear Age. Sterling, VA, Pluto Press,
2003. 228 p.
Explores "what factors contribute to the outbreak of war, why people are willing to go to war, and what can be done to prevent war." - Summary
Book call no.: 355.02 H662w
How Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War, edited by James F. Hoge and Gideon Rose. New York, PublicAffairs, 2001. 324 p.
"How did this happen? This book seeks to answer this question in all its critical aspects--the motives and actions of the terrorists, the status of the U.S. military, the context of the Middle East, bioterrorism, airport security, diplomatic pressures--and to provide readers with perspective, information, and sound interpretation." - Summary
Book call no.: 363.320973 H847
Howard, Michael Eliot. The Causes of War and other Essays. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1983. 248 p.
Book call no.: 355.02 H851ca
Huisken, Ronald. The Road to War on Iraq. Canberra, Australia, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 2003. 109 p. (Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defense, no.148)
"Seeks to describe and explain what appears to have been a massive failure of international diplomacy." - Introduction
Book call no.: 956.70443 H899r
International War: An Anthology, edited by Melvin Small and J. David Singer. Chicago, Dorsey Press, 1989. 419 p.
The Causes of War, pp 159-299.
Book call no.: 355.02 I61
Iraq: Threat and Response, edited by Gerhard Beestermoller and
David Little. New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction Publishers, 2003. 151
Argues against war with Iraq.
Book call no.: 327.730567 I65
James, Patrick. Crisis and War. Kingston, Ontario, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1988. 192 p.
International War and Its Causes, pp 3-27.
Book call no.: 355.027 J28c
Johnson, Dominic D. P. Overconfidence and War: The Havoc and
Glory of Positive Illusions. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press,
2004. 280 p.
"Opponents rarely go to war without thinking they can win - and clearly, one side must be wrong. This conundrum lies at the heart of the so-called War Puzzle: rational states should agree on their differences in power and thus not fight. But as Dominic Johnson argues in Overconfidence and War, states are no more rational than people, who are susceptible to exaggerated ideas of their own virtue, of their ability to control events, and of the future." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.027 J66o
Kagan, John. On the Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace. New York, Doubleday, 1995. 606 p.
"Details five case studies of efforts to prevent war." These include classical examples: "Athenian Pericles' attempts to calm the Spartans in the fifth century BC and prevent what became the Peloponnesian War; and how the treaty after the First Punic War (218-201 BC) led to the Second Punic War, and the Treaty of Versailles played the same role in regard to the First and Second World Wars. His only example of success is the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis." - Summary
Book call no.: 904.7 K11o
Lieber, Keir A. War and the Engineers: The Primacy of Politics
over Technology. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2005. 226
p. (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs)
"Examines the relationships among politics, technology, and the causes of war." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.02 L716w
Magstadt, Thomas M. and Schotten, Peter M. Understanding Politics: Ideas, Institutions and Issues. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1984. 556 p.
Immediate versus Ultimate Causes of War, p 440.
Human Nature as the Cause, pp 440-444.
Society as the Cause, pp 444-449.
Nature as the Cause, pp 449-452.
A Balanced View of War's Causes, pp 453-458.
Book call no.: 320 M212u
Martin, David. Does Christianity Cause War? New
York, Oxford University Press, 1997. 226 p.
"This book is made up of eight lectures given under the auspices of the Sarum Lectureship in the University of Oxford during Hilary term, January to March 1995." - Preface
Book call no.: 261.873 M379d
Morrison, Wilbur H. Twentieth Century American Wars:
Their Causes and Their Effects on American Life. New York,
Hippocrene Books, 1993. 456 p.
Book call no.: 973.9 M883t
Nelson, Keith L. and Olin, Spencer C., Jr. Why War?
Ideology, Theory, and History. Berkeley, University of California
Press, 1979. 201 p.
Includes chapters on conservative, liberal, and radical ideology and theory about the causes of war.
Book call no.: 909.82 N427w
Offense, Defense, and War: An International Security Reader, edited by
Michael E. Brown and others. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2004. 444 p.
"Argues that the relative ease of offense and defense varies in international politics. When the offense has the advantage, military conquest becomes easier and war is more likely: the opposite is true when the defense has the advantage." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.03 O32
The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars, edited by Robert I. Rothberg and Theodore K. Rabb. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1989. 352 p. (Studies in Interdisciplinary History)
"A distinguished group of political scientists and historians examine the origins of major wars and discuss the problems in preventing a nuclear war." - Summary
Book call no.: 355.02 069
Otterbein, Keith F. How War Began. College Station, TX,
Texas A&M University Press, 2004. 292 p. (Texas A&M University
Anthropology Series, no.10)
"Keith F. Otterbein draws on primate behavior research, archaeological research, data gathered from the Human Relations area files, and a career spent in research and reflection on war to argue for two separate origins." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 303.66 O89h
Pelletiere, Stephen C. America's Oil Wars. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2004. 192 p.
"Argues that, in going to war twice against Iraq and once against Afghanistan the United States was seeking to put a lock on its future energy supplies." - Summary
Book call no.: 956.70443 P388a
Pelletiere, Stephen C. Iraq and the International Oil System: Why America Went to War in the Gulf. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2001. 239 p.
"Iraq's victory over Iran in 1988 gave the nation the capability of becoming a regional superpower with a strong say in how the Gulf's oil reserves were managed. Because the United States could not tolerate an ultranationalist state with the potential to destabilize the world's economy, war then became inevitable." - Summary
Book call no.: 956.70442 P388i
Prados, John. Hoodwinked: The Documents That Reveal How Bush Sold Us a War. New York, The New Press, 2004. 375 p.
"Makes publicly available for the first time the primary source documents that show how intelligence on Iraq was consistently distorted, manipulated, and ignored by the administration." - Summary
Book call no.: 956.70443 P896h
Record, Jeffrey. Dark Victory: America's Second War Against Iraq. Annapolis, MD, Naval Institute Press, 2004. 203 p.
"Examines the origins, objectives, conduct, and consequences of George W. Bush's 'preemptive war' on Iraq." - Summary
Book call no.: 956.70443 R311d
The Road to War in Serbia: Trauma and Catharsis, edited by Nebojsa Popov and Drinka Gojkovi'c. New York, Central European University, 2000. 711 p.
English translation of Srpska Strana Rata.
Book call no.: 949.703 R628
Roberts, Paul William. A War Against Truth: An Intimate Account of the Invasion of Iraq. Vancouver, Canada, Raincoast Books, 2004. 366 p.
Book call no.: 956.70443 R646w
The Scourge of War: New Extensions on an Old Problem, edited by Paul F. Diehl. Ann Arbor, MI, University of Michigan Press, 2004. 266 p.
"A critical reexamination of the work of J. David Singer's influential Correlates of War project ." - Summary
Book call no.: 355.02 S432
Seabury, Paul. War: Ends and Means. New York, Basic Books, 1989. 306 p.
The Causes of War, pp 35-60.
Book call no.: 355.02 S438w
Smith, Dan. The Penguin Atlas of War and Peace. 4th ed.
New York, Penguin, 2003. 128 p.
"Provides a global overview of the causes and consequences of war today and the dynamics of peacemaking. It analyzes current wars, their background, their trends and their prospects." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.009 K46n 2003
Sobek, David. The Causes of War. Malden, MA, Polity, 2009. 229 p.
"Understanding the onset of war.... requires a movement away from single theories towards one that embraces the multi-faceted causes of war." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.027 S677c
Speer, James P. World Polity: Conflict and War: History, Causes, Consequences, Cures. Fort Bragg, CA, Q.E.D. Press, 1986. 323 p.
Part II investigates the causes of international conflicts: the nature of man, natures of nations and the nature of the international system.
Book call no.: 327 S742w
Stoessinger, John G. Why Nations Go to War. 8th
ed. Boston, St. Martin's Press, 2001. 286 p.
Studies the two world wars, Korea, Vietnam, India and Pakistan, the Arab States and Israel, the two Persian Gulf wars, and Sarajevo and Kosovo.
Book call no.: 909.82 S872w 2001
Suganami, Hidemi. On the Causes of War. New
York, Oxford University Press, 1996. 235 p.
Book call no.: 355.027 S947o
Taylor, Scott. Spinning on the Axis of Evil: America's War
Against Iraq. Ottawa, Canada, Esprit de Corps Books, 2003. 231 p.
Book call no.: 956.70443 T246s
Treverton, Gregory F. and others. Exploring Religious Conflict. Santa Monica, CA, RAND, 2005. 64 p.
If hyperlink does not open, copy into browser.
Also available online at: http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/2005/RAND_CF211.pdf
Book call no.: 303.6 T812e
The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics,
edited by Robert J. Art and Waltz, Kenneth N. 7th ed. Lanham, MD, Rowman
& Littlefield, 2009. 539 p.
"The selections in this fully updated text represent the best analysis by influential thinkers on the use of force in international affairs." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 327.172 U84 2009
Van Creveld, Martin L. The Transformation of War. New York, Free Press, 1991. 254 p.
Chapter 5: What War is Fought for.
Book call no.: 355.020904 V223t
Van Evera, Stephen. Causes of War: Power and the Roots of
Conflict. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1999. 270
"Demonstrates that ideas from the Realist paradigm can offer strong explanations for international conflict and valuable prescriptions for its control." - Summary
Book call no.: 355.027 V252c
Wilmer, Franke. The Social Construction of Man, the State, and
War: Identity, Conflict, and Violence in Former Yugoslavia. New
York, Routledge, 2002. 220 p.
"Uses the recent conflicts in the former Yugoslavia as a model for investigating what causes war to occur in a particular time and place, and with such brutality." - Summary
Book call no.: 949.703 W743s
Woocher, Lawrence. Preventing Violent Conflict: Assessing Progress, Meeting Challenges. Washington, United States Institute of Peace, 2009. 16 p. (Special Report, no. 231)
"Effective conflict prevention requires knowledge about when, where, and how to design and implement appropriately tailored strategies for each case." - Page 10.
Book call no.: 302.69 W873p
Yetiv, Steve A. Explaining Foreign Policy: U.S. Decision-Making in the Persian Gulf War. Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. 288 p.
Book call no.: 956.704422 Y48e
Ziegler, David W. War, Peace, and International Politics. 6th ed. Boston, Little, Brown, 1993. 458 p.
Causes of War, pp 151-163.
Book call no.: 327 Z66w 1993
Abonadi, Earl E. K. Weinberger-Powell and Transformation:
Perceptions of American Power from the Fall of Saigon to the Fall of Baghdad.
Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006. 101 p.
"The most influential 'Never Again' argument has been the 1984 Weinberger Doctrine, later expanded to the Weinberger-Powell Doctrine, which sought to limit the use of American military power...Examines the course of U.S. military transformation since 1973 and analyzes the correlation between it and policy makers' perceptions of the increased potency of force." - Abstract
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA451305
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 A154w
Alkubaisi, Hassan M. Entanglement in Iraq. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, March 2004. 20 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA424179
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 A4152e
Carlberg, Matthew A. Epidemics Don't Cause Wars, but They Can End 'em. Quantico, VA, Marine Corps Command and Staff College, July 2002. 49 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA403988
Doc. call no.: M-U 41886-71 C278e
David, William E. Environmental Scarcity as a Cause of Violent Conflict. Fort Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff College, 1996. 67 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA314878
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 D249e
Newton, Brandon D. Punishment, Revenge, and Retribution: A
Historical Analysis of Punitive Operations. Fort Leavenworth, KS,
School of Advanced Military Studies, Army Command and General Staff College,
2005. 65 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA436111
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 N561p
Richardson, Natalie D. Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait: The Work of a Madman or a Predictable State Leader? Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, April 2005. 28 p.
Uses well-known theories to study whether or not Saddam Hussein was a rational actor when he invaded Kuwait.
Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 R524i
Sharon, Patrick J. The Merchants of Mesopotamia and the Causes of the Persian Gulf War. Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, Army Command and General Staff College, April 1996. 54 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA314773
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 S531m
Stone, John W. War and Human Evolutionary Behavior. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air War College, May 1986. 49 p.
Theories on the Causes of War, pp 5-12.
Doc. call no.: M-U 43117 S878w
Tritten, James John. Does New Technology Lead to War? Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, June 1988. 7 p.
"Discussion of new technologies leading to wars. Historical case studies are reviewed with four alternate responses suggesting that nations do not go to war when faced with an enemy having developed a new technology of such significance that the very nature of war might change." - Abstract
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525-52
Ulrich, Donald K. A Moral Argument on Preventive War. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, March 2005. 18 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA432152
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 U45m
Westphal, Steven D. Counterterrorism: Policy of Preemptive Action. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, April 2003. 24 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA414502
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 W537c
Burgos, Russell A. Origins of Regime Change: "Ideapolitik" on the
Long Road to Baghdad, 1993-2000. Security Studies 17:221-256
April 2008.
"Saddam Hussein's ouster was not simply the result of idiosyncratic or nefarious decision-making processes within the Bush administration, but was instead the realization of a social choice made by U.S. foreign policy elites well before George W. Bush came to power." - Abstract
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=32744094&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Colaresi, Michael P. and Thompson, William R. Alliances, Arms Buildups and Recurrent Conflict: Testing a Steps-to-War Model. Journal of Politics 67:345-364 May 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16683803&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Copeland, Dale C. Economic Interdependence and War: A Theory
of Trade Expectations.
International Security 20:5-41 Spring 1996.
Inquires on whether or not economic interdependence increases or decreases the probability of war between states.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0162-2889(199621)20:4<5:EIAWAT>2.0.CO;2-S
Desch, Michael C. Planning War in
Peacetime. Joint Force Quarterly No.30:94-104 Spring
"Focuses on the impact of war planning on the effectiveness of military activities. Evidences to support the view that war plans can cause actual wars; impact of defensive war plans on possible international conflicts; role of changing plans in the battle of France 1940." - Abstract
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10104116&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Dowd, Alan W. Thirteen Years: The Causes the Consequences of War in Iraq. Parameters 33:46-60 Autumn 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10905106&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Eash, Joseph J., III. New Instruments for War and Peace. Joint Force Quarterly No.27:95-97 Winter 2000-2001.
Reports on studies to determine the causes of conflicts.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=5535696&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Einstein, Albert and Freud, Sigmund. Why War? International Journal of Group Tensions 1:3-25 January-March 1971.
An exchange of letters between Einstein and Freud in 1932. Originally Warum Krieg.
Fielding, Marcus. Regime Change: Planning and Managing
Military-Led Interventions as Projects. RUSI 151:20-22+ October
"This article offers a conceptual construct for military-led interventions. It first considers the nature of military-led interventions intended to effect regime change, and then develops a conceptual construct for reconstruction and societal reform that intervention forces can apply." - Article
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1170637841&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD
Fink, Susan D. The Trouble with Mixed Motives: Debating the Political, Legal, and Moral Dimensions of Intervention. Naval War College Review 57:19-32 Summer-Autumn 2004.
Discusses the causes of the Iraqi War 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15287934&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Freedman, Lawrence. International Security: Changing Targets. Foreign Policy No. 110:48-63 Spring 1998.
The Causes of Conflict, pp 57-59.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=382408&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Freedman, Lawrence. War in Iraq: Selling the Threat.
Survival 46:7-49 Summer 2004.
Also available online at: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&issn=0039-6338&volume=46&issue=2&spage=7
Friedman, Norman. What Are the Parallels of 1914 Germany and 2004 Iran? U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 130:4+ October 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14675590&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. Environmental Scarcity, Mass Violence, and the Limits to Ingenuity. Current History 95:359-365 November 1996.
"Scarcities of critical environmental resources in particular cropland, freshwater, and forests-are contributing to mass violence in several areas of the world." - Article
Also available online at: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqd&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&rft_dat=xri:pqd:did=000000010382527&svc_dat=xri:pqil:fmt=text&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=417
Houweling, Hank W. and Siccama, Jan G. The Epidemiology of War,
1816-1980. Journal of Conflict Resolution 29:641-663
December 1985.
"Investigates whether warfare is clustered in time and in space. Using a method of analysis proposed by epidemiologists, significant evidence is found for time-space interaction not only in participation in war but also in outbreaks of war." - Article
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0027(198512)29:4<641:TEOW1>2.0.CO;2-7
Howard, Michael. The Causes of War. Wilson Quarterly 8:90-103 Summer 1984.
Howard, Michael. The Causes of War: Historians and the Problem of Power. Encounter 58:22-30 March 1982.
Huntingdon, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations?
Foreign Affairs 72:22-49 Summer 1993.
Author argues that "the fundamental sources of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future." - Article
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=9308115868
Jervis, Robert. Arms Control, Stability, and Causes of War.
Political Science Quarterly 108:239-253 Summer
Explains the theory of arms control and the causes of war in relation to general directions specifying when and where armed conflict will occur.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-3195(199322)108:2<239:ACSACO>2.0.CO;2-H
Kahl, Colin H. Population Growth, Environmental Degradation, and
State-Sponsored Violence: The Case of Kenya, 1991-93. International Security
23:80+ Fall 1998.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0162-2889(199823)23:2<80:PGEDAS>2.0.CO;2-Z
Kaldor, Mary and Salmon, Andrew. Military Force and European
Strategy. Survival 48:19-34 Spring 2006.
Assumes that European forces will be involved in military operations contributing to global security. "Prerequisites for these operations include: the primacy of human rights; legality; appropriate military response; clear political authority; civil, police and military coordination; and adequate intelligence and information." - Abstract
Kaufmann, Chaim. Threat Inflation and the Failure of the Marketplace of Ideas: The Selling of the Iraq War. International Security 29:5-48 Summer 2004.
Also available online at: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v029/29.1kaufmann.html
Lambelet, John C. Do Arms Races Lead to War? Journal of Peace Research 12, no. 2:123-128 1975.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3433(1975)12:2<123:DARLTW>2.0.CO;2-4
LeBlanc, Stephen A. Why Warfare? Lessons from the Past.
Daedalus 136:13-21 Winter 2007.
Suggests that "studying anthropology and history can illuminate the causes of war." - Abstract
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=25542040&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Levy, Jack S. Declining Power and the Preventive Motivation for War. World Politics 40:82-107 October 1987.
Focuses on the preventive motivation as a contributory cause of war.
Levy, Jack S. Misperception and the Causes of War: Theoretical
Linkages and Analytical Problems. World Politics
36:76-99 October 1983.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0043-8871(198310)36:1<76:MATCOW>2.0.CO;2-A
Levy, Jack S. Organizational Routines and the Causes of War.
International Studies Quarterly 30:193-222 June
"Identifies the theoretical linkages by which rigid organizational routines of the military may contribute to the outbreak of war, and examines the analytical problems involved in making such inferences." - Abstract
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-8833(198606)30:2<193:ORATCO>2.0.CO;2-R
Levy, James. Neville Chamberlain's Appeasement Policy as the Cause
of World War II Is One of History's Myths. Military History
23:65-67 September 2006.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21890679&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Lieber, Keir A. The New History of World War I and What It Means for International Relations Theory. International Security 32:155-191 Fall 2007.
"The new historiography of World War I, however, challenges many of the long-held assumptions about the origins of the conflict." - Abstract
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=27465319&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Mayer, Arno J. Internal Causes and Purposes of War in Europe, 1870-1956: A Research Assignment. Journal of Modern History 41:291-303 September 1969.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2801(196909)41:3<291:ICAPOW>2.0.CO;2-K
Merrill, A. Brent. The Causes of War. Military Review 62:44-52 July 1982.
Moodie, Michael. Conflict Trends in the 21st Century.
Joint Force Quarterly No. 53:19-27 2009.
"States that the reasons for present conflicts are a combination of economic, political, psychological and social elements." - Summary
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41028377&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Nesser, Petter. Jihadism in Western Europe after the Invasion of Iraq: Tracing Motivational Influences from the Iraq War on Jihadist Terrorism in Western Europe. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 29:323-342 June 2006.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=21007413&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Prakash, Shri. Causes of Conflicts in the Third World During the Post-Cold War Phase. India Quarterly 50:23-36 January-June 1994.
Quester, George H. Six Causes of War. Jerusalem
Journal of International Relations 6, no.1:1-23 1982.
Uses the matrices of game theory to argue that exactly opposite causes may account for different wars, and offers historical illustrations.
Rapoport, Anatole. War Without Hatred.
Humanist 49:14-17+ July-August 1989.
Examines the question: if hatred no longer causes armed conflict, what does?
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1829685&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD
Rowe, David M. The Tragedy of Liberalism: How Globalization Cost the First World War. Security Studies 14:407-447 July-September 2005.
Seaton, Jean. Why Do We Think the Serbs Do It? The New
'Ethnic' Wars and the Media. Political Quarterly
70:254-270 July-September 1999.
"Many contemporary wars simply do not start looking like the old-fashioned ones between nations with battles (which is not to say that they cannot rather swiftly turn into such affairs). It is in this way that Kosovo is clearly part of a trend." - Article
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=2206123&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Sherk, George William. The Fifth Horseman: The Coming Resource
and Water Wars. Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic
Policy 27, no.4:8-10 1999.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=42174152&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD
Special Issue on Causes of War.Journal of Peace Research 18, no. 1:entire issue 1981.
Special Issue on Environmental Conflict.Journal of Peace Research 35:entire issue May 1998.
Suganami, Hidemi. Bringing Order to the Causes of War Debates.
Millennium 19:19-35 Spring 1990.
Tarzi, Shah M. Democratic Peace, Illiberal Democracy, and Conflict Behavior. International Journal of World Peace 24:35-60 December 2007.
"The key conclusion of this study is that regimes in transition to democracy and illiberal democracies, including electoral democracies characterized by contested institutions or contested sectarian and identity groups, are highly predisposed to external conflict and diversionary war with both other democracies and non-democratic regimes." - Abstract
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31265230&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Terry, James P. A Legal Appraisal of Military Action in Iraq. Naval War College Review 57:53-66 Summer-Autumn 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15287955
Van Evera, Stephen. Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War. International Security 22:5-43 Spring 1998.
Addresses these questions: is war more likely when conquest is easy? Could peace be strengthened by making conquest more difficult? What are the causes of offense dominance, and how can they be controlled?
Also available online at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539239
Wester, Franklin E. Preemption and Just War: Considering the Case of Iraq. Parameters 34:20-39 Winter 2004-2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15248462&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Western, Jon. The War over Iraq: Selling War to the American Public. Security Studies 14:106-139 January-March 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=17611212&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Yilmaz, Muzaffer E. Intra-State Conflicts in the Post-Cold War Era. International Journal of World Peace 24:11-33 December 2007.
"Provides an analytical discussion of the dynamics of intra-state conflicts that seem to have replaced the ideological clashes of the Cold War as the principal sources of current conflicts." - Abstract
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31265229&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
This page was last updated on 02/20/2014 02:20 PM
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Women's groups to protest today against ordinance
They are also planning another protest on February 7 against the ordinance, which was given presidential assent on Sunday.
New Delhi: Unhappy with provisions of the ordinance over sexual crimes, women's groups are planning a big protest against it on Monday and a signature campaign in the near future.
The women's groups are holding a protest at Jantar Mantar on Monday afternoon.
"We are planning a mass signature campaign against the ordinance," said women's activist Kavita Krishnan, secretary of All India Progressive Women's Association (AIPWA).
"We want to begin a mass awareness campaign about the provisions of the ordinance," Krishnan said.
They are also planning another protest on February 7 against the ordinance, which was given presidential assent on Sunday.
The women's groups are also planning to hold a "vigil" outside parliament when it meets for the budget session February 21. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 2013, will be placed before parliament for passage to make it into a law.
While well-known lawyer Rebecca John termed the ordinance a "bit of a joke", Krishan described its provisions as "appalling".
The ordinance was passed by the cabinet on Friday. It is based largely on former Supreme Court Chief Justice JS Verma's report.
The Verma committee was set up by the government last month to review laws to provide speedier justice and enhanced punishment in cases of aggravated sexual assault.
This followed the country wide outrage over the brutal gang-rape of a 23-year-old woman here Dec 16. The victim died in a Singapore hospital 13 days later.
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Kusadasi Hotels
Panorama Hotel
Name: Panorama Hotel
Have an amazing holiday in Kusadasi, Turkey. Panorama Hotel waits for you with the best service, fun and cheap price. We welcome all travelers: backpackers, couples, families. Enjoy our International family with tours, bar, and the friendly hospitality of our staff... Panorama Hotel
Grand Onder Hotel
Name: Grand Onder Hotel
One of the most popular resorts in the southern Aegean is an ideal base from which to explore the surrounding area. It is 80 km south of Izmir, which is the 3rd biggest city of Turkey, at the Aegean coast... Grand Onder Hotel


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What to Like:
At 6-foot-3 and 220 pounds, Lockley has ideal size to play a number of positions. He could be a big receiver, a pass-catching tight end, a strong safety, or an outside linebacker. His athleticism is a major plus. He ran a 4.6 at one of the Nike Camps last spring and jumped over 30 inches. Those are impressive numbers for a player his size. He's also a very talented basketball player and has scored over 1,500 points in his prep career.
On the field, he was ultra productive. He went for over 1,000 yards on the ground, nearly 600 as a receiver, made a lot of plays on defense, and even returned kicks for his high school team. I always prefer players who go both ways in high school. It seems like that's all Butch Davis, the best evaluator in the college game over the last 20+ years, ever recruited -- players who went both ways in high school. They tend to have the ability to play more than one position. That's exactly what Lockley brings to the table.
His film is very impressive. He has tremendous ball skills. Based on how good he is with the ball in the air or in his hands, he seems like more of an offensive prospect. You typically don't like putting kids with those ball skills on defense. He also has a tremendous ability to make people miss in the open field -- especially for someone his size. Few guys can make a defender miss in the phone booth and they're typically 5-foot-10 or shorter. This kid is 6-foot-3 and does it. He can change directions, make people miss, and just create a lot of plays on the offensive side of the ball.
If you look at him defensively, he was athletic enough to play cornerback in high school. Due to his current size, and growth potential, he's likely going to have to be an outside linebacker if he's going to play on defense. He's very athletic, seems to have plus coverage skills, and the only thing you wonder about is how explosive of a tackle he'd be if he played on that side. It's also tough to know what type of instincts he'd have there without much experience at the position. Those are just a few reasons why I expect him to be an offensive player down the road.
There are only a handful of players in Florida this year who have a highlight film as impressive as his -- especially, again, for someone his size.
What may concern you:
Miami didn't start recruiting him until recently. That always raises a question in people's mind. Why wasn't he targeted earlier in the year? Why did the coaches wait so long? Was he a late bloomer? In addition, he wasn't real heavily recruited -- even in his own region. Where were schools like Ohio State, Tennessee, and other schools who actively recruit the state of Virginia?
Because of his size alone, he will likely project as a pass-catching tight end prospect. He doesn't have much experience there. Will he block? How good will he be able to run routes? Those are some things that you really can't answer just yet (if he's going to end up playing that position).
Bottom Line:
The Hurricanes need players. It's a small class, and they really need to make the most of every scholarship. They had a player named Travis Johnson committed for several months. Johnson isn't anywhere close to being as athletic or explosive or versatile as this kid. They still need linebacker numbers, so this kid could ultimately take one of those spots. Virginia produces a lot of quality players every year so it's a good state to break into for recruiting purposes. Lockley is a tremendous athlete with excellent video. His best days seem to be way ahead of him. He looks like the type of player who could be a real difference maker, even early in his career. Despite the fact that UM didn't start recruiting him until late in the process, this is a huge commitment for the Hurricanes. I truly believe he has the tools to become one of the best players in this entire class.


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Retail Businesses For Sale in Sioux Falls SD
Searched the DealStream database for Retail Businesses For Sale in Sioux Falls SD and found no matches. Expanded the search to nearby areas and found the following matches.
Established NAPA Parts Store- Solid Customer Base #459360 posted Dec 12, 2016
- Lake Benton, Minnesota, United States
- $149,000
This profitable business is located in a scenic community with a great school and convenient health care access. This turnkey operation has a good reputation and is well established within the local community. Owners are willing to provide training and the local EDA is willing to help with financing...
Did you know that social networking is a great way to buy a business? Sign up now and we'll show you how.


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or Jeff, or Doc, or...
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Beenaway2long's Project Journal
The answer really is simple.
1.) Eliminate SSDI robbing from SSI.
2.) Eliminate dependants getting a check if their parents are disabled
3.) Correct Workmans Comp. This is involved, but starts with Medical Malpractice reform. If a W/C Doc sends someone back to work, and they reinjure themselves, the Doc faces malpractice.
"If I were King"... I would have a Medical Review Board assess each claim. Any "borderline" claims would be sent back to work with limited restrictions. Anyone receiving Full Disability, would have to show up at a meeting place for the same 8 hours as regular workers. In todays technological world, the blind can "see" with talking computers. The deaf can communicate with TDD. There is virtually SOMETHING for everyone. There would be VERY FEW exceptions. The place would be a sort of "Job Shop" where employers could use this for executing menial tasks. The reason is twofold. One, being that the person (fakers, in general) could not "hang around" home, and goof off. Or work a second job under the table. They would have to show up, just like a job, or not get a check. The other, is it would train them for other work. The employers could utilize reduced costs for "jobbing it out" to the State. Costs could be negotiated. The W/C & SSDI has already been paid, so it give the State a chance to recoup cash.
4.) We need to reign in the Law Profession. We need to re-evaluate our other Social Programs, and limit the term you can stay on it. We need to find a better solution to put people back to work. I would also say that the "unemployed" should also hit this shop 3/5 days, with the other 2 days ACTIVELY looking for work,if they want the benefits.
I should be King...
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Find all posts by Beenaway2long


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CONTACT: Justin Hoyt, (518) 629-7898, firstname.lastname@example.com RELEASE: Immediate, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2013
The Hudson Valley Community College football team (2-5) defeated Ithaca JV, 20-10, on Sunday afternoon.
The Vikings trailed 10-6 going into the fourth quarter, but a 12-yard touchdown run by Nick Casale (Tamarac/Troy) put the Vikings up 13-10. On the ensuing drive, James Seay (Potomac/Washington DC) intercepted a pass at the Ithaca 38 yardline, and Tyler Gagnon (LaSalle/Grafton) ran in a 12-yard touchdown to seal the win. Eric McCoy(Central Islip/Central Islip) led the team through the air with 122 yards and a touchdown, and Brandon Egan-Thorpe (New Paltz/New Paltz) tied a school record with 11 catches for 113 yards. Gagnon finished the day with 123 yards on the ground.
Seay had a big day on the defensive side of the ball with a key interception, a forced fumble and two pass breakups. Rashar Gray (Woodstown/Woodstown, NJ) led the team with eight tackles, 3.5 for loss and a fumble recovery. Naheshema Jackson-Sutton (Lewis/Baltimore, MD) was also in the backfield all day as he recorded two sacks for a total loss of 15 yards.
The Vikings travel Alfred State next Saturday for a game at noon.


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This project received 36 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $72 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
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Project Description
I'm needing a design created for a shirt template. I have the idea and know what I want it to look like. It's simply a food item with a little flair. I need it to be print friendly so experience with this type of template is necessary. Thanks!
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The Implementation Guide supports all of the activities and includes:
- Playful Building's key features
- Annotated facilitation outline
- Facilitator background information
- Shopping list
- Extended supporting media suggestions
- Correlations to National Science Education Standards
- Contact information
- STAR_Net project overview
- Credits and acknowledgments
Archived Online Trainings
The Explore program team offered a training on this module on Friday, March 8, 2013; access the archived version of the webinar "Engaging Children, Youth, and Families in Engineering through Playful Building" at http://usra.adobeconnect.com/p5ni7ibnqc4/. Also, view step-by-step instructions for folding an origami boat (one of the many boat-building options available for the "Water Wedges" activity) at http://usra.adobeconnect.com/p1071pal7hv/.
STAR_Net Online Community
Librarians, scientists, engineers, educators, museum staff, and others are invited to join the STAR_Net online community! The website fosters collaboration among professionals who want to provide or support Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) learning experiences in libraries. Please join the online community and share your experiences implementing Playful Building with your colleagues.
For more information about the STAR_Net project, please contact:
Lisa Curtis
Projects and Exhibits Manager
National Center for Interactive Learning at the Space Science Institute
Boulder, CO
(720) 974-5821
June 18, 2013


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Jordan is able to do just about everything on her own. She started putting her socks on her own with a very strong-willed stubbornness at 18 months old. She is an excellent paper cutter with scissors. Of course we need to work on a few things that she'll encounter at school… Including opening milk boxes. But there was one thing that has held her up: Seat belts.
I'm not sure why, but Jordan hasn't been able to get those things to click. Her dad's car is really tricky and I even have a hard time doing it with two hands… but in my mom-mobile, it's bothered me that she hasn't gotten the job done.
Until now.
In the last week, it finally "clicked." (Ha, get it, clicked?) I can send her to her car seat and she gets the job done on her own. She's very proud and I'm really happy she's finally found a way to do it safely.
How does she do it? Well, the seatbelt is on her right side, so it's close for her hand to click the belt. She pulls extra seat belt out to make sure she has enough length to get the buckle to click. Then she feeds the extra loose seat belt back into the car so she has a tight seat belt fit.
Seriously, it's the little things. But I'm really glad she finally figured this little thing out.
(Oh and one other thing she figured out when I was out of town – taking a shower by herself. Since I've been back in town, I've watched her wash her hair on her own and she's really good at getting all of the soap off. Pretty cool.)
SO… what are your little accomplishments? You know, the little things that are worth celebrating. I realize I've celebrated a lot more of the tiny things with Jordan than I did with her brother. Mainly because I appreciate it more now. I understand the importance more. It's just another thing Jordan has taught me.


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We are delighted to be able to announce our Autumn wine event at Eriska for the weekend commencing on Friday 15th November!
This year we are to be joined by Mark O'Bryen MW Regional Sales Manager for Taittinger Champagne for a weekend of exquisite gastronomy and bubbles with real character at Eriska. But first a little about Champaigne Taittinger!
The Champagne house was formed back in 1932 by Pierre Taittinger, firmly linking the wines with gastronomy which ethos of the strong connection between wines and food continue to today. The house has grown and developed over the years and faced many challenges but Taittinger Champagne is now firmly back under the control of the family having been bought back in 1996, and they have set about evolving the brand and insuring the consistency of the wines not ignoring their history. You can read more about their history here.
Château de la Marquetterie or the 'Cradle of Champagne Taittinger' is found nestled in the heart of the champenois vineyards just west of the village of Pierry. The estate was built in 1734 in the style of Louis XV, clinging to the hillside covered in vineyards. Château de la Marquetterie has been the property of Champagne Taittinger since 1932 and has seen many historic figures before this time such as Jacues Cazotte, and further building on the work of friar Dom Oduart, who developed the Champagne methods Champagne is known for today.
Mark who will be joining us at Isle of Eriska in November to hold the tutored tastings became a Master of Wine in 1996 and is one of around 250 Masters of Wine in the world. As a a roving ambassador for Taittinger Champagne he will be speaking about the world famous Taittinger. The event will be based round a Saturday gastronomic dinner where Mark and Head Chef Ross Stovold will combine to match the best from the French vineyards and cellars with the best form the gardens and hills of Scotland. In the afternoon Mark will run a brief tutored tasting of the champagne highlighting the key differences of the house and its plans for the future.
The cost of the weekend to include Dinner, Bed and Breakfast on two evenings, and the matched gastronomic dinner on the Saturday night will be £400 per person. You can find more information and enquire about the wine weekend by clicking on the button below.


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What our community should know about the Day of Silence
April 10, 2014
Everyone who has been in high school knows how difficult it is to deal with peer pressure.
The Day of Silence provides an escape from the pressure.
The goal of this day is to stop name-calling, specifically names directed at lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) students. Students around the world are taking a vow of silence for the Day of Silence, which takes place Friday, April 11.
This worldwide event began as a school assignment in 1996 and grew into an event with more than 100 colleges participating. It has grown bigger each year since it started.
GLSEN's (Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network) 2009 National School Climate Survey found that nearly 90 percent of LGBT students report various types of harassment at school; more than 30 percent reported missing at least a day of school in the month prior to the survey out of fear for their personal safety.
By holding a Day of Silence, a school provides a safe place for its students who are harassed, bullied and otherwise tormented about their sexuality or gender identity. The school also takes a stand, demonstrating that bullying and harassment will not be tolerated.
While this event is aimed at LGBT students, it affects everyone, regardless of gender identity or sexuality.
You can still register your school, or your child's school, to participate in the event, which would provide an opportunity to give students a support network, help them form their own opinions and let them think with an open mind.
Middle-school teacher Cody Stein recommends that all schools participate in order to raise awareness. Cody says that it makes people think about how many students are afraid to attend school. Schools are not required to participate, but it would be a chance for them to show that they do support their students, regardless of their gender identity or sexual orientation.
Even if your school decides not to participate, you still can take a vow of silence to support your classmates.
When Amber White, a Nevada Union High School student, explained her experience of participation to me, I was happily surprised to hear that she had no negative feedback. The Nevada Union GSA (Gay-Straight Alliance) club found a way to participate while still being able to communicate in class.
"I carried a small white board with me throughout the day to explain what I was doing and why I was doing it," Amber explained.
This same technique was used by Cody Stein to continue the student's education. When asked about the results of their participation, both Amber and Cody replied that it raised their awareness levels.
"It shows students that their peers are scared, that the fear is real and that a little empathy can help save a life," Cody said.
"More awareness was raised for the GSA club," Amber added. "I felt like I helped a really good cause."
Everyone who has walked down the drab halls of a school can testify to seeing some form of bullying. Whether verbal, sexual or physical, the bullying needs to end. It is simply unacceptable.
Bullying can lead to depression, self-harm, eating disorders, self-hate, anxiety and even suicide. All of these disorders are felt by millions of students around the world.
So why should we place our children in environments that make them feel this? By placing your children in environments where they are bullied, you are not furthering their education. No one should come home from school feeling hopeless.
A school should be a place for learning the quadratic equation and the proper way to write thesis statements, not a place for bullying.
If you have been bullied, you know firsthand how it feels.
Personally, I have faced bullying, and I can testify to coming home every day and crying.
This is not the proper environment for anyone.
Register online to support the Day of Silence, a cause that wants students to feel safe, at http://action.glsen.org/page/s/day-of-silence.
Ella Rohde is a home-based sophomore studying at Nevada Union High School.
Trending In: TWI
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- Randy Hansen, facing child sex accusations, wants search warrant quashed


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Opening an Off-Base Business in Okinawa
One of the downsides to living on Okinawa is that embarking on a new adventure in uncharted waters can be a bit intimidating if not downright discouraging. Luckily, in today's age of Social Media, we now have a wealth of information at our disposal with just a few clicks of a keyboard. A lot of things on Okinawa that may have once seemed an unattainable mystery, have been well traversed and documented on such informative sites as Okinawa Hai so that those of us who previously may have been unaware of a place may now reap the benefit of those who have gone before us.
Having been one of the thousands who has enjoyed the advantage that Okinawa Hai has given those of us fortunate enough to reside in Okinawa this decade, I was more than happy to reciprocate, when asked, and write a piece on starting your own business off base.
In January of 2010, I returned to Okinawa with the intention of relocating, not only my family, but my Day Spa, Get TanFast-ic, as well. Initially, until I built my clientele back up and had the time to research my demographics, I decided to err on the side of caution and offered services from a room in my home on base. Eventually, as my business grew, it became quite apparent that I had outgrown the space that I had available in my home. With three rambunctious boys and legroom at a premium, I finally decided that I was familiar enough with my locale and took a terrifying leap of faith by relocating my Day Spa to a larger space off base.
Having lived in Okinawa on and off since the early 90's, I have more insight to the island than the average American, but I still found it a daunting task to navigate the system and open a business off base. We all know or have heard of Americans who have businesses in the local community, but most of them are part Japanese, have Japanese spouses, or some other familial ties within the community. So how does someone without any blood or marital affiliation to the Okinawa community open a business here?
I'm afraid that most people will find the answer to be most unwelcome as it is quite difficult to do. To begin with, it basically requires your business license to be issued in the name of a local resident, (as the SOFA agreement prohibits SOFA personnel from "Owning" a business license off base).
The only legal way, that I am aware of, is for a Japanese person to "Own" the license to your business in order to pay taxes to the Japanese Government. You basically become a partner or employee, (depending on the agreement), of whoever owns your license. Needless to say, it requires a great deal of trust between all parties involved. Not only is it imperative that you find somebody that you can rely on, but it is also extremely difficult to find someone who is willing to take on such a responsibility; after all, everything that you do falls on their head. Besides being responsible for ensuring that everything within the business is legal, they also carry the added burden of handling all of the licensing paperwork as well as paying and filing the taxes for the business.
In addition to overcoming the afore mentioned hurdles you will also want to do a cost benefit analysis. Quite frankly, unless you are looking to profit a great deal from moving off base, or in my case, are in desperate need of the additional space, it may not be cost effective to pay rent, utilities, and taxes to do so, not to mention what it is likely to cost you to have an outside "Owner". Additionally, due to the increased cost of running a business off base, it is likely that you are going to have to increase your prices a bit to offset everything in order to turn a profit.
Fortunately for me, having lived here so often, I have many "adopted" family members who were willing to help me out and, in my case, the pros outweighed the cons. I hope that you have found the information that I provided enlightening and I further hope that it helps you to make your own decision as to whether or not you want to pursue opening a location off base. Good luck to you in your future entrepreneurial ventures!
Send Us A Message Here
October 25, 2012
I lived in Tokyo for three years and I will be moving to Okinawa in 2014. I want to open up a small clothing store with American size clothes in it. What are some steps I would have to do?Jason H.
February 29, 2012
Here is the link to the American Chamber of Commerce in Okinawa http://www.amchamokinawa.org/Stan
September 11, 2011
Okay…I have a Bachelors degree in Business Administration and LIVE for opening/running new businesses! I know all there is to know about business rules in NC, but have no knowledge what so ever about international business. I have three businesses in the states that I am interested in bringing with me when my husband and I move to Okinawa in April 2012. The first business is a non-profit organization for girls ages 6-18, the second business is a bakery and the third business is a concierge/errand running service. I have had a hard time finding information about non-profits in Japan and whether or not my US 501 (c) (3) will permit to operate my non-profit internationally. I have also found limited information on how to start a for-profit organization or online business in Japan as well. If there is anyone with information about starting both for-profit and non-profit organizations in Okinawa please let me know! Or if there is a business professional or chamber of commerce I could be directed to please, please, please send me an e-mail to [email protected] with the info! Thanks so much :o)Imari Norris
April 19, 2011
There are other ways to own a business off base. First you need permament residency, so that won't work for most people, unless they are planning to get out of the military. If you want to own something here, or if you want a loan, or whatever you would like to do, you have to make the banks and city offices "believe." Usually this means having a lot of money saved in the bank. They usually kick you back until you have what they fell is sufficient, especially if you are buying a building too. There are many rules, but remember "money makes room for you." How much that is depends on what you are trying to do and who you are trying to do it through.


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Every September, radio & record industry professionals flock to Walt DisneyWorld® Resort for Christian Music Broadcaster's premiere event, Momentum. This must-attend event is an action packed week, full of exceptional speakers, amazing artists and endless networking with fellow industry partners. Momentum is the ONLY place where Christian music professionals from around the world converge under one roof to be encouraged, engaged and equipped.
Disney's Yacht & Beach Club Convention Center & Resorts
1700 Epcot Resort Blvd • Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830
***HOTEL BLOCK HAS EXPIRED – Call Disney Group Reservations at 407.939.4686 to be assisted for your hotel needs at this time.***
For information about discounted Disney tickets and making reservations CLICK HERE.
***We're sorry, registration is now closed. We hope to see you next year!*** For more info, please contact email@example.com.
Join us on Saturday morning, September 12th for the 2nd Annual Momentum 5K & 1 Mile Run/Walk. This is a special opportunity to participate with some of your favorite Christian artists and enjoy the scenery of Disney! All Momentum 2015 attendees get a FREE registration for the Momentum 5K & 1 Mile Run/Walk. Space is limited so it will be on a 1st come, 1st serve basis.
<— Click the Momentum 5K image to the left for more info & to REGISTER!
Every Momentum 2015 registrant receives a Friday Night of Joy ticket, provided by Positive Alternative Radio. In addition, the first 500 Momentum registrations will receive a FASTPASS for Night of Joy. All attendees must be present at the Acoustic Cafe in order to receive their Night of Joy ticket.
<— Click the Night of Joy Image to the left for more info!
Christian Music Broadcasters is proud to once again offer exclusive talent-coaching sessions at Momentum 2015! The Aircheck Clinic will offer talent feedback and coaching techniques to both On-Air Hosts and Program Directors. *At this time, all of the Air Check Clinic spots are full.*
CMB's mission is to encourage, engage and equip our attendees. We place a high value on this mission. There are leaders in our industry that want to invest in others by being a "mentor" or "guide" at Momentum. If you are new to Momentum, a college student or just want to get to know others by having CMB pair you up with a Momentum Guide please email Brittany Whatley, CMB's Events Manager at firstname.lastname@example.com. We hope that you will be able to take advantage of this opportunity.
Click the pic on the left to see some 'behind the curtain' fun at Momentum 2014!
CLICK HERE to see pics from last year!
Attending Momentum 2015? SERVE by volunteering during the conference! It really does 'take a village' to make a conference like Momentum run smoothly from start to finish!
Some of the areas we could use your help each year:
• unloading the truck / pre conference set up
• punching meal tickets
• setting tables with sponsor products
• passing out NOJ tickets
• greeting attendees and 'directing' traffic for sessions, breakouts and meals
• tear down / post-conference clean up
CLICK HERE to be added to a growing list of faithful volunteers!


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Go easy on your skin with this moisturizing cleanser. It whisks away dirt and softens your complexion with a blend of sugar, rice, and oat extracts. And since Befine is known for creating products good enough to eat, you can feel great about using the yummy formula.
I really wanted to like this product, because I quite like the philosophies of the Befine brand, but this cleanser was just too thin and watery. It smells lovely, and it seems like it does a nice job cleansing, but it's so difficult to get it onto your skin without wasting product because of the runny texture.2
This cleanser smells great but it is a little bit to watered down. It is hard to keep the cleanser in your hands as you are trying to use it. It also says it has oatmeal in it to help with exfolient but I did not feel any and it did not seem to exfoliate as well as some of the other products I've used.2
I loved the mint smell, it was really invigorating. I liked that it was thin and not greasy but really lathered well. I don't really need to purchase a cleanser right now but would probably pick it up in the future especially if it's still on birchbox.5
My sample was expired, so unfortunately I wasn't able to apply it to my face, but it seemed like a good, useful product that I might consider purchasing later in the future. I was impressed by how both Birchbox and Befine handled the expired sample situation, too.3