text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 14, 2011
|Filing date
|Apr 14, 2009
|Priority date
|Jan 21, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kia Silverbrook, Akira Nakazawa, Christopher Hibbard, Paul Ian Mackey, Norman Micheal Berry, Garry Raymond Jackson
|Original Assignee
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (78), Non-Patent Citations (1), Classifications (23), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is a Continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 11/014,769 filed Dec. 20, 2004, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 7,524,016, which is a Continuation-In-Part application of U.S. Ser. No. 10/760,254 filed on Jan. 21, 2004, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 7,448,734. In the interests of brevity, the disclosure of the parent application is incorporated in its entirety into the present specification by cross reference.
The following applications have been filed by the Applicant simultaneously with U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/014,769:
The disclosures of these co-pending applications are incorporated herein by reference.
The following patents or patent applications filed by the applicant or assignee of the present invention are hereby incorporated by cross-reference.
The present invention relates to printers and in particular inkjet printers. Specific aspects of the invention relate to cartridges for printers, printhead design and maintenance, as well as other facets of printer operation.
Traditionally, most commercially available inkjet printers have a print engine which forms part of the overall structure and design of the printer. In this regard, the body of the printer unit is typically constructed to accommodate the printhead and associated media delivery mechanisms, and these features are integral with the printer unit.
This is especially the case with inkjet printers that employ a printhead that traverses back and forth across the media as the media is progressed through the printer unit in small iterations. In such cases the reciprocating printhead is typically mounted to the body of the printer unit such that it can traverse the width of the printer unit between a media input roller and a media output roller, with the media input and output rollers forming part of the structure of the printer unit. With such a printer unit it may be possible to remove the printhead for replacement, however the other parts of the print engine, such as the media transport rollers, control circuitry and maintenance stations, are typically fixed within the printer unit and replacement of these parts is not possible without replacement of the entire printer unit.
As well as being rather fixed in their design construction, printer units employing reciprocating type printheads are considerably slow, particularly when performing print jobs of full colour and/or photo quality. This is due to the fact that the printhead must continually traverse the stationary media to deposit the ink on the surface of the media and it may take a number of swathes of the printhead to deposit one line of the image.
Recently, it has been possible to provide a printhead that extends the entire width of the print media so that the printhead can remain stationary as the media is transported past the printhead. Such systems greatly increase the speed at which printing can occur as the printhead no longer needs to perform a number of swathes to deposit a line of an image, but rather the printhead can deposit the ink on the media as it moves past at high speeds. Such printheads have made it possible to perform full colour 1600 dpi printing at speeds in the vicinity of 60 pages per minute, speeds previously unattainable with conventional inkjet printers.
Such a pagewidth printhead typically requires high precision and high speed paper movement, and as such, the entire print engine (printhead, paper handling mechanisms and control circuitry etc) must be configured accordingly to ensure high quality output.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide a print engine having a pagewidth printhead that can be readily employed within a standard body of a printer unit and is constructed in a manner that ensures that all the necessary parts of the print engine are configured in a manner that enables consistent, high speed printing.
A cartridge unit for an inkjet printer comprises a printhead having an array of ink ejection nozzles; a plurality of ink storage compartment, each ink storage compartment having a variable storage volume and a displaceable wall section biased to expand the variable storage volume to generate a sustained negative pressure; an ink feed system for connecting the ink storage compartment to the printhead, the ink feed system including a plurality of channels extending parallel to a length of the printhead, each channel corresponding respectively to an ink storage compartment; and a printhead maintenance assembly, the printhead maintenance assembly having a capper spring biased against the array of ink ejection nozzles for covering the array of ink ejection nozzles. The printhead maintenance assembly includes a catch element engaged with an actuator, the catch element being movable by the actuator in a direction to counteract the biasing of the capper against the array of ink ejection nozzles. Each channel has defined along a bottom thereof a series of holes.
The invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying figures, in which:
The printer unit 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention, receives the document from the external computer system 702 in the form of a compressed, multi-layer page image, wherein control electronics 766 buffers the image (step 710), and then expands the image (step 712) for further processing. The expanded contone layer is dithered (step 714) and then the black layer from the expansion step is composited over the dithered contone layer (step 716). Coded data may also be rendered (step 718) to form an additional layer, to be printed (if desired) using an infrared ink that is substantially invisible to the human eye. The black, dithered contone and infrared layers are combined (step 720) to form a page that is supplied to a printhead for printing (step 722).
In this particular arrangement, the data associated with the document to be printed is divided into a high-resolution bi-level mask layer for text and line art and a medium-resolution contone color image layer for images or background colors. Optionally, colored text can be supported by the addition of a medium-to-high-resolution contone texture layer for texturing text and line art with color data taken from an image or from flat colors. The printing architecture generalises these contone layers by representing them in abstract "image" and "texture" layers which can refer to either image data or flat color data. This division of data into layers based on content follows the base mode Mixed Raster Content (MRC) mode as would be understood by a person skilled in the art. Like the MRC base mode, the printing architecture makes compromises in some cases when data to be printed overlap. In particular, in one form all overlaps are reduced to a 3-layer representation in a process (collision resolution) embodying the compromises explicitly.
Upon receiving the data, a distributor 730 converts the data from a proprietary representation into a hardware-specific representation and ensures that the data is sent to the correct hardware device whilst observing any constraints or requirements on data transmission to these devices. The distributor 730 distributes the converted data to an appropriate one of a plurality of pipelines 732. The pipelines are identical to each other, and in essence provide decompression, scaling and dot compositing functions to generate a set of printable dot outputs.
Each pipeline 732 includes a buffer 734 for receiving the data. A contone decompressor 736 decompresses the color contone planes, and a mask decompressor decompresses the monotone (text) layer. Contone and mask scalers 740 and 742 scale the decompressed contone and mask planes respectively, to take into account the size of the medium onto which the page is to be printed.
The scaled contone planes are then dithered by ditherer 744. In one form, a stochastic dispersed-dot dither is used. Unlike a clustered-dot (or amplitude-modulated) dither, a dispersed-dot (or frequency-modulated) dither reproduces high spatial frequencies (i.e. image detail) almost to the limits of the dot resolution, while simultaneously reproducing lower spatial frequencies to their full color depth, when spatially integrated by the eye. A stochastic dither matrix is carefully designed to be relatively free of objectionable low-frequency patterns when tiled across the image. As such, its size typically exceeds the minimum size required to support a particular number of intensity levels (e.g. 16�16�8 bits for 257 intensity levels).
The dithered planes are then composited in a dot compositor 746 on a dot-by-dot basis to provide dot data suitable for printing. This data is forwarded to data distribution and drive electronics 748, which in turn distributes the data to the correct nozzle actuators 750, which in turn cause ink to be ejected from the correct nozzles 752 at the correct time in a manner which will be described in more detail later in the description.
As will be appreciated, the components employed within the print engine controller 766 to process the image for printing depend greatly upon the manner in which data is presented. In this regard it may be possible for the print engine controller 766 to employ additional software and/or hardware components to perform more processing within the printer unit 2 thus reducing the reliance upon the computer system 702. Alternatively, the print engine controller 766 may employ fewer software and/or hardware components to perform less processing thus relying upon the computer system 702 to process the image to a higher degree before transmitting the data to the printer unit 2.
The CPU subsystem 771 includes a CPU 775 that controls and configures all aspects of the other subsystems. It provides general support for interfacing and synchronizing all elements of the print engine 1. It also controls the low-speed communication to QA chips (described below). The CPU subsystem 771 also contains various peripherals to aid the CPU 775, such as General Purpose Input Output (GPIO, which includes motor control), an Interrupt Controller Unit (ICU), LSS Master and general timers. The Serial Communications Block (SCB) on the CPU subsystem provides a full speed USB1.1 interface to the host as well as an Inter SoPEC Interface (ISI) to other SoPEC devices (not shown).
The DRAM subsystem 772 accepts requests from the CPU, Serial Communications Block (SCB) and blocks within the PEP subsystem. The DRAM subsystem 772, and in particular the DRAM Interface Unit (DIU), arbitrates the various requests and determines which request should win access to the DRAM. The DIU arbitrates based on configured parameters, to allow sufficient access to DRAM for all requesters. The DIU also hides the implementation specifics of the DRAM such as page size, number of banks and refresh rates.
The Print Engine Pipeline (PEP) subsystem 773 accepts compressed pages from DRAM and renders them to bi-level dots for a given print line destined for a printhead interface (PHI) that communicates directly with the printhead. The first stage of the page expansion pipeline is the Contone Decoder Unit (CDU), Lossless Bi-level Decoder (LBD) and, where required, Tag Encoder (TE). The CDU expands the JPEG-compressed contone (typically CMYK) layers, the LBD expands the compressed bi-level layer (typically K), and the TE encodes any Netpage tags for later rendering (typically in IR or K ink), in the event that the printer unit 2 has Netpage capabilities (see the cross referenced documents for a detailed explanation of the Netpage system). The output from the first stage is a set of buffers: the Contone FIFO unit (CFU), the Spot FIFO Unit (SFU), and the Tag FIFO Unit (TFU). The CFU and SFU buffers are implemented in DRAM.
The second stage is the Halftone Compositor Unit (HCU), which dithers the contone layer and composites position tags and the bi-level spot layer over the resulting bi-level dithered layer.
A number of compositing options can be implemented, depending upon the printhead with which the SoPEC device is used. Up to 6 channels of bi-level data are produced from this stage, although not all channels may be present on the printhead. For example, the printhead may be CMY only, with K pushed into the CMY channels and IR ignored. Alternatively, any encoded tags may be printed in K if IR ink is not available (or for testing purposes).
In the third stage, a Dead Nozzle Compensator (DNC) compensates for dead nozzles in the printhead by color redundancy and error diffusing of dead nozzle data into surrounding dots.
The resultant bi-level 5 channel dot-data (typically CMYK, Infrared) is buffered and written to a set of line buffers stored in DRAM via a Dotline Writer Unit (DWU).
Finally, the dot-data is loaded back from DRAM, and passed to the printhead interface via a dot FIFO. The dot FIFO accepts data from a Line Loader Unit (LLU) at the system clock rate (pclk), while the PrintHead Interface (PHI) removes data from the FIFO and sends it to the printhead at a rate of ⅔ times the system clock rate.
In the preferred form, the DRAM is 2.5 Mbytes in size, of which about 2 Mbytes are available for compressed page store data. A compressed page is received in two or more bands, with a number of bands stored in memory. As a band of the page is consumed by the PEP subsystem 773 for printing, a new band can be downloaded. The new band may be for the current page or the next page.
Using banding it is possible to begin printing a page before the complete compressed page is downloaded, but care must be taken to ensure that data is always available for printing or a buffer under-run may occur.
The embedded USB 1.1 device accepts compressed page data and control commands from the host PC, and facilitates the data transfer to either the DRAM (or to another SoPEC device in multi-SoPEC systems, as described below).
Multiple SoPEC devices can be used in alternative embodiments, and can perform different functions depending upon the particular implementation. For example, in some cases a SoPEC device can be used simply for its onboard DRAM, while another SoPEC device attends to the various decompression and formatting functions described above. This can reduce the chance of buffer under-run, which can happen in the event that the printer commences printing a page prior to all the data for that page being received and the rest of the data is not received in time. Adding an extra SoPEC device for its memory buffering capabilities doubles the amount of data that can be buffered, even if none of the other capabilities of the additional chip are utilized.
Each SoPEC system can have several quality assurance (QA) devices designed to cooperate with each other to ensure the quality of the printer mechanics, the quality of the ink supply so the printhead nozzles will not be damaged during prints, and the quality of the software to ensure printheads and mechanics are not damaged.
Normally, each printing SoPEC will have an associated printer unit QA, which stores information relating to the printer unit attributes such as maximum print speed. The cartridge unit may also contain a QA chip, which stores cartridge information such as the amount of ink remaining, and may also be configured to act as a ROM (effectively as an EEPROM) that stores printhead-specific information such as dead nozzle mapping and printhead characteristics. The refill unit may also contain a QA chip, which stores refill ink information such as the type/colour of the ink and the amount of ink present for refilling. The CPU in the SoPEC device can optionally load and run program code from a QA Chip that effectively acts as a serial EEPROM. Finally, the CPU in the SoPEC device runs a logical QA chip (i.e., a software QA chip).
Usually, all QA chips in the system are physically identical, with only the contents of flash memory differentiating one from the other.
Each SoPEC device has two LSS system buses that can communicate with QA devices for system authentication and ink usage accounting. A large number of QA devices can be used per bus and their position in the system is unrestricted with the exception that printer QA and ink QA devices should be on separate LSS busses.
In use, the logical QA communicates with the ink QA to determine remaining ink. The reply from the ink QA is authenticated with reference to the printer QA. The verification from the printer QA is itself authenticated by the logical QA, thereby indirectly adding an additional authentication level to the reply from the ink QA.
Data passed between the QA chips is authenticated by way of digital signatures. In the preferred embodiment, HMAC-SHA1 authentication is used for data, and RSA is used for program code, although other schemes could be used instead.
As will be appreciated, the SoPEC device therefore controls the overall operation of the print engine 1 and performs essential data processing tasks as well as synchronising and controlling the operation of the individual components of the print engine 1 to facilitate print media handling, as will be discussed below.
Print Engine
The print engine 1 is shown in detail in
The cartridge unit 10 is shaped and sized to be received within the cradle unit 12 and secured in position by a cover assembly 11 mounted to the cradle unit. The cradle unit 12 is in turn configured to be fixed within the printer unit 2 to facilitate printing as discussed above.
Cartridge Unit
The cartridge unit 10 is shown in detail in
Each of these parts are assembled together to form an integral unit which combines ink storage means together with the ink ejection means. Such an arrangement ensures that the ink is directly supplied to the printhead assembly 22 for printing, as required, and should there be a need to replace either or both of the ink storage or the printhead assembly, this can be readily done by replacing the entire cartridge unit 10.
However, the operating life of the printhead is not limited by the supply of ink. The top surface 42 of the cartridge unit 10 has interfaces 61 for docking with a refill supply of ink to replenish the ink storage modules 45 when necessary. The ink refill unit and the process of docking with the cartridge are discussed in greater detail below. To further extend the life of the printhead, the cartridge unit carries an integral printhead maintenance assembly 23 that caps, wipes and moistens the printhead. This assembly is also described in more detail later.
Main Body
The main body 20 of the cartridge unit 10 is shown in more detail in
An ink outlet molding 27 has ink outlets (not shown) in its underside corresponding to each of the ink storage modules 45 to be housed in the main body 20. Each of the ink outlets has a pair of inwardly extending silicone rings seals. The rings seals are co-molded with the ink outlet molding 27 and seal against the ink inlets to the printhead assembly described below. The ink outlet molding 27 is ultra sonically welded to the underside of the rectangular frame 25.w
Along one longitudinal wall of the frame 25 are a series of ink downpipes 30. Each downpipe 30 has an O-ring seal 29 at its upper end to form a sealed connection with the ink outlet of respective ink storage modules (described below). When the ink outlet molding 27 is welded to the body 20, each ink downpipe 30 is in fluid communication with respective ink outlets in the underside of the molding 27.
The air sleeve 31 is connected to a pressurized air source (not shown) and provides an air flow into the printhead assembly where it is directed across the printhead nozzles to avoid paper dust clogging (discussed further below).
Ink filing ports 35 are formed in the lower parts of each ink downpipe 30. These filling ports are for the initial charging of the ink storage assemblies 21 only. Any subsequent refilling of the ink storages assemblies, uses the ink refill units described below. To assist the initial filling process, a vacuum is applied to the air vents 41 in the top surface 42 of the cartridge unit 10 (see
As shown in
When the ink storage modules are full, a polymer sealing ball 33 is inserted into the filling port 35 and the air vent 41.
A metal plate 34 mounts to the underside of the frame 25 and the outlet molding 30 to provide the cartridge unit 10 with structural rigidity. It is snap locked into place by hooking the detents 38 into slots (not shown) in the back wall of the frame 25 and rotating the plate 34 until the line of barbed snap lock formations 32 clip into the outer line of apertures 37.
The plate 34 has holes 39 to receive the ink outlets (not shown) that project from the lower surface of the outlet molding 27. The pressed metal plate 34 also has a flange portion 40 projecting downwardly with respect to the frame 25, which acts as a load bearing surface discussed in more detail below.
The ink storage assembly lid 21 of the cartridge unit 10 is shown in detail in
One of the ink storage modules 45 is shown in isolation in
The ink bag 46 extends between an upper plate member 47 and a lower plate member 48. It is heat welded (or similar) to the plates 47 and 48 for an air tight seal. The upper plate member 47 is arranged to receive a valve insert 49. The valve insert has an inlet valve 16 and an outlet valve 18. The valve insert 49 is positioned such that it can communicate directly with a port 51 formed in the top surface 42 to receive ink from an ink refill unit, as well as an outlet 52 to deliver ink to the printhead assembly 22. As best shown in
Conversely, the outlet valve 18 is biased open and closes when the refill unit docks. A filter 215 covers the entrance to the outlet valve in the upper plate member 47. The filter is sized to remove solid contaminants and air bubbles. As discussed above, compressible air bubbles can prevent a nozzle from operating.
The outlet valve connects to a conduit 52 in the underside of the lid 21 which leads to the downpipe collar 216. When the ink storage assembly 21 is placed into the main body 20, the collar 216 seals over the O-ring seal 29 on the end of the downpipe 30.
The upper plate 47 is fixed to the underside of the lid 21 to hold the valve insert 49 in position. The lower plate 48 slides within the collar 57 and the inside edges of the four struts 19 extending from the underside of the lid 21. The plate 48 slides down the struts 19 as the bag 46 fills and expands. Conversely, it slides back towards the lid 21 as the bag 21 empties. The length of the bag 46 limits the travel of the lower plate 48 before it reaches the retaining bar 55. A constant force spring 54 extends between the retaining bar 55 and the recessed peg 53 to bias the plate 48 towards the retaining bar 55. In turn, this biases the bag 46 to expand and thereby maintains the ink within the bag at a negative pressure. This avoids ink leakage from the printhead nozzles.
Bag Constrictor
Each ink storage module 45 has a bag constrictor 43 to re-establish the negative pressure in the ink after each refilling operation. The constrictor 43 has a lower collar 57 that abuts the ends of the struts 19 and is held in place by the retaining bar 55. The lower plate 48 slides upwardly within lower collar 57 as the ink bag 46 empties. Four bowed panels 58 extend upwardly from the lower collar 57 to an upper collar 59. The panels 58 bow slightly inwards. The ink refill unit (described below) has four constrictor actuators. When the refill docks with the cartridge unit, the constrictor actuators extend through the apertures 60 in the lid 21 to push the upper collar 59 towards the lower collar 57. This causes the panels 58 to bow further inwards to press on each side of the bag 46.
During refilling, the negative pressure in the ink bag 46 draws ink out of the refill unit. The negative pressure is created by the constant force spring 54 biasing the lower plate 48 to wards the retainer bar 55. When the ink bag is full, the negative pressure disappears. Without negative pressure in the ink bag 46, there is a risk of ink leakage from the nozzles. The negative pressure is re-established in the bag 46 when the refill unit is removed from the cartridge. As the four constrictor actuators retract through the apertures 60 in the lid 21, the bowed panels 58 can push the upper collar 59 back towards the upper plate member 47. The panels 58 straighten so that they are not pressing on the sides of the bag 46 as much. This allows the bag 46 to bulge slightly, and as the inlet valve 16 is closed, the slight increase in bag volume restores the negative pressure.
Printhead Assembly
The printhead assembly 22 is shown in more detail in
The printhead assembly 22 generally comprises an elongate upper member 62 which is configured to extends beneath the main body 20, between the posts 26. A plurality of U-shaped clips 63 project from the upper member 62. These pass through the recesses 37 provided in the rigid plate 34 and become captured by lugs (not shown) formed in the main body 20 to secure the printhead assembly 22.
The upper element 62 has a plurality of feed tubes 64 that are received within the outlets in the outlet molding 27 when the printhead assembly 22 secures to the main body 20. The feed tubes 64 may be provided with an outer coating to guard against ink leakage.
The upper member 62 is made from a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) which offers a number of advantages. It can be molded so that its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is similar to that of silicon. It will be appreciated that any significant difference in the CTE's of the printhead integrated circuit 74 (discussed below) and the underlying moldings can cause the entire structure to bow. However, as the CTE of LCP in the mold direction is much less than that in the non-mold direction (˜5 ppm/� C. compared to ˜20 ppm/� C.), care must be take to ensure that the mold direction of the LCP moldings is unidirectional with the longitudinal extent of the printhead integrated circuit (IC) 74. LCP also has a relatively high stiffness with a modulus that is typically 5 times that of 'normal plastics' such as polycarbonates, styrene, nylon, PET and polypropylene.
As best shown in
In the embodiment shown, the lower member 65 has five channels 67 extending along its length. Each channel 67 receives ink from only one of the five feed tubes 64, which in turn receives ink from one of the ink storage modules 45 (see
In the bottom of each channel 67 are a series of equi-spaced holes 69 (best seen in
Referring to
The thickness of the polymer sealing film 71 is critical to the effectiveness of the ink seal it provides. As best seen in
To guard against this, the polymer sealing film 71 should be thick enough to account for any sagging into the conduits 70 while maintaining the seal over the etched channels 77. The minimum thickness of the polymer sealing film 71 will depend on:
A polymer sealing film 71 thickness of 25 microns is adequate for the printhead assembly 22 shown. However, increasing the thickness to 50, 100 or even 200 microns will correspondingly increase the reliability of the seal provided.
Ink delivery inlets 73 are formed in the 'front' surface of a printhead IC 74. The inlets 73 supply ink to respective nozzles 801 (described below with reference to
Each printhead IC 74 is configured to receive and print five different colours of ink (C, M, Y, K and IR) and contains 1280 ink inlets per colour, with these nozzles being divided into even and odd nozzles (640 each). Even and odd nozzles for each colour are provided on different rows on the printhead IC 74 and are aligned vertically to perform true 1600 dpi printing, meaning that nozzles 801 are arranged in 10 rows, as clearly shown in
As alluded to previously, the present invention is related to page-width printing and as such the printhead ICs 74 are arranged to extend horizontally across the width of the printhead assembly 22. To achieve this, individual printhead ICs 74 are linked together in abutting arrangement across the surface of the adhesive layer 71, as shown in
The length of an individual printhead IC 74 is around 20-22 mm. To print an A4/US letter sized page, 11-12 individual printhead ICs 74 are contiguously linked together. The number of individual printhead ICs 74 may be varied to accommodate sheets of other widths.
The printhead ICs 74 may be linked together in a variety of ways. One particular manner for linking the ICs 74 is shown in
The upper surface of the printhead ICs have a number of bond pads 75 provided along an edge thereof which provide a means for receiving data and or power to control the operation of the nozzles 73 from the SoPEC device. To aid in positioning the ICs 74 correctly on the surface of the adhesive layer 71 and aligning the ICs 74 such that they correctly align with the holes 72 formed in the adhesive layer 71, fiducials 76 are also provided on the surface of the ICs 74. The fiducials 76 are in the form of markers that are readily identifiable by appropriate positioning equipment to indicate the true position of the IC 74 with respect to a neighbouring IC and the surface of the adhesive layer 71, and are strategically positioned at the edges of the ICs 74, and along the length of the adhesive layer 71.
In order to receive the ink from the holes 72 formed in the polymer sealing film 71 and to distribute the ink to the ink inlets 73, the underside of each printhead IC 74 is configured as shown in
Following attachment and alignment of each of the printhead ICs 74 to the surface of the polymer sealing film 71, a flex PCB 79 (see
The flex PCB 79 may also have a plurality of decoupling capacitors 81 arranged along its length for controlling the power and data signals received. As best shown in
As shown in
A space 83 is provided between the media shield 82 and the upper 62 and lower 65 members which can receive pressurized air from an air compressor or the like. As this space 83 extends along the length of the printhead assembly 22, compressed air can be supplied to the space 56 from either end of the printhead assembly 22 and be evenly distributed along the assembly. The inner surface of the media shield 82 is provided with a series of fins 84 which define a plurality of air outlets evenly distributed along the length of the media shield 82 through which the compressed air travels and is directed across the printhead ICs 74 in the direction of the media delivery. This arrangement acts to prevent dust and other particulate matter carried with the media from settling on the surface of the printhead ICs, which could cause blockage and damage to the nozzles.
Ink Delivery Nozzles
One example of a type of ink delivery nozzle arrangement suitable for the present invention, comprising a nozzle and corresponding actuator, will now be described with reference to
Each nozzle arrangement 801 is the product of an integrated circuit fabrication technique. In particular, the nozzle arrangement 801 defines a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS).
For clarity and ease of description, the construction and operation of a single nozzle arrangement 801 will be described with reference to
The ink jet printhead integrated circuit 74 includes a silicon wafer substrate 8015 having 0.35 micron 1 P4M 12 volt CMOS microprocessing electronics is positioned thereon.
A silicon dioxide (or alternatively glass) layer 8017 is positioned on the substrate 8015. The silicon dioxide layer 8017 defines CMOS dielectric layers. CMOS top-level metal defines a pair of aligned aluminium electrode contact layers 8030 positioned on the silicon dioxide layer 8017. Both the silicon wafer substrate 8015 and the silicon dioxide layer 8017 are etched to define an ink inlet channel 8014 having a generally circular cross section (in plan). An aluminium diffusion barrier 8028 of CMOS metal 1, CMOS metal 2/3 and CMOS top level metal is positioned in the silicon dioxide layer 8017 about the ink inlet channel 8014. The diffusion barrier 8028 serves to inhibit the diffusion of hydroxyl ions through CMOS oxide layers of the drive electronics layer 8017.
A passivation layer in the form of a layer of silicon nitride 8031 is positioned over the aluminium contact layers 8030 and the silicon dioxide layer 8017. Each portion of the passivation layer 8031 positioned over the contact layers 8030 has an opening 8032 defined therein to provide access to the contacts 8030.
The nozzle arrangement 801 includes a nozzle chamber 8029 defined by an annular nozzle wall 8033, which terminates at an upper end in a nozzle roof 8034 and a radially inner nozzle rim 804 that is circular in plan. The ink inlet channel 8014 is in fluid communication with the nozzle chamber 8029. At a lower end of the nozzle wall, there is disposed a moving rim 8010, that includes a moving seal lip 8040. An encircling wall 8038 surrounds the movable nozzle, and includes a stationary seal lip 8039 that, when the nozzle is at rest as shown in
As best shown in
The nozzle wall 8033 forms part of a lever arrangement that is mounted to a carrier 8036 having a generally U-shaped profile with a base 8037 attached to the layer 8031 of silicon nitride.
The lever arrangement also includes a lever arm 8018 that extends from the nozzle walls and incorporates a lateral stiffening beam 8022. The lever arm 8018 is attached to a pair of passive beams 806, formed from titanium nitride (TiN) and positioned on either side of the nozzle arrangement, as best shown in
The lever arm 8018 is also attached to an actuator beam 807, which is formed from TiN. It will be noted that this attachment to the actuator beam is made at a point a small but critical distance higher than the attachments to the passive beam 806.
As best shown in
The TiN in the actuator beam 807 is conductive, but has a high enough electrical resistance that it undergoes self-heating when a current is passed between the electrodes 809 and 8041. No current flows through the passive beams 806, so they do not expand.
In use, the device at rest is filled with ink 8013 that defines a meniscus 803 under the influence of surface tension. The ink is retained in the chamber 8029 by the meniscus, and will not generally leak out in the absence of some other physical influence.
As shown in
The relative horizontal inflexibility of the passive beams 806 prevents them from allowing much horizontal movement the lever arm 8018. However, the relative displacement of the attachment points of the passive beams and actuator beam respectively to the lever arm causes a twisting movement that causes the lever arm 8018 to move generally downwards. The movement is effectively a pivoting or hinging motion. However, the absence of a true pivot point means that the rotation is about a pivot region defined by bending of the passive beams 806.
The downward movement (and slight rotation) of the lever arm 8018 is amplified by the distance of the nozzle wall 8033 from the passive beams 806. The downward movement of the nozzle walls and roof causes a pressure increase within the chamber 8029, causing the meniscus to bulge as shown in
As shown in
Immediately after the drop 802 detaches, meniscus 803 forms the concave shape shown in
Another type of printhead nozzle arrangement suitable for the present invention will now be described with reference to
The nozzle arrangement 1001 is of a bubble forming heater element actuator type which comprises a nozzle plate 1002 with a nozzle 1003 therein, the nozzle having a nozzle rim 1004, and aperture 1005 extending through the nozzle plate. The nozzle plate 1002 is plasma etched from a silicon nitride structure which is deposited, by way of chemical vapour deposition (CVD), over a sacrificial material which is subsequently etched.
The nozzle arrangement includes, with respect to each nozzle 1003, side walls 1006 on which the nozzle plate is supported, a chamber 1007 defined by the walls and the nozzle plate 1002, a multi-layer substrate 1008 and an inlet passage 1009 extending through the multi-layer substrate to the far side (not shown) of the substrate. A looped, elongate heater element 1010 is suspended within the chamber 1007, so that the element is in the form of a suspended beam. The nozzle arrangement as shown is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structure, which is formed by a lithographic process.
When the nozzle arrangement is in use, ink 1011 from a reservoir (not shown) enters the chamber 1007 via the inlet passage 1009, so that the chamber fills. Thereafter, the heater element 1010 is heated for somewhat less than 1 micro second, so that the heating is in the form of a thermal pulse. It will be appreciated that the heater element 1010 is in thermal contact with the ink 1011 in the chamber 1007 so that when the element is heated, this causes the generation of vapor bubbles in the ink. Accordingly, the ink 1011 constitutes a bubble forming liquid.
The bubble 1012, once generated, causes an increase in pressure within the chamber 1007, which in turn causes the ejection of a drop 1016 of the ink 1011 through the nozzle 1003. The rim 1004 assists in directing the drop 1016 as it is ejected, so as to minimize the chance of a drop misdirection.
The reason that there is only one nozzle 1003 and chamber 1007 per inlet passage 1009 is so that the pressure wave generated within the chamber, on heating of the element 1010 and forming of a bubble 1012, does not effect adjacent chambers and their corresponding nozzles.
The increase in pressure within the chamber 1007 not only pushes ink 1011 out through the nozzle 1003, but also pushes some ink back through the inlet passage 1009. However, the inlet passage 1009 is approximately 200 to 300 microns in length, and is only approximately 16 microns in diameter. Hence there is a substantial viscous drag. As a result, the predominant effect of the pressure rise in the chamber 1007 is to force ink out through the nozzle 1003 as an ejected drop 1016, rather than back through the inlet passage 1009.
As shown in
The collapsing of the bubble 1012 towards the point of collapse 1017 causes some ink 1011 to be drawn from within the nozzle 1003 (from the sides 1018 of the drop), and some to be drawn from the inlet passage 1009, towards the point of collapse. Most of the ink 1011 drawn in this manner is drawn from the nozzle 1003, forming an annular neck 1019 at the base of the drop 1016 prior to its breaking off.
The drop 1016 requires a certain amount of momentum to overcome surface tension forces, in order to break off. As ink 1011 is drawn from the nozzle 1003 by the collapse of the bubble 1012, the diameter of the neck 1019 reduces thereby reducing the amount of total surface tension holding the drop, so that the momentum of the drop as it is ejected out of the nozzle is sufficient to allow the drop to break off.
When the drop 1016 breaks off, cavitation forces are caused as reflected by the arrows 1020, as the bubble 1012 collapses to the point of collapse 1017. It will be noted that there are no solid surfaces in the vicinity of the point of collapse 1017 on which the cavitation can have an effect.
Yet another type of printhead nozzle arrangement suitable for the present invention will now be described with reference to
Turning initially to
Inside the nozzle chamber 501 is a paddle type device 507 which is interconnected to an actuator 508 through a slot in the wall of the nozzle chamber 501. The actuator 508 includes a heater means e.g. 509 located adjacent to an end portion of a post 510. The post 510 is fixed to a substrate.
When it is desired to eject a drop from the nozzle chamber 501, as illustrated in
A suitable material for the heater elements is a copper nickel alloy which can be formed so as to bend a glass material.
The heater means 509 is ideally located adjacent the end portion of the post 510 such that the effects of activation are magnified at the paddle end 507 such that small thermal expansions near the post 510 result in large movements of the paddle end.
The heater means 509 and consequential paddle movement causes a general increase in pressure around the ink meniscus 505 which expands, as illustrated in
Subsequently, the paddle 507 is deactivated to again return to its quiescent position. The deactivation causes a general reflow of the ink into the nozzle chamber. The forward momentum of the ink outside the nozzle rim and the corresponding backflow results in a general necking and breaking off of the drop 512 which proceeds to the print media. The collapsed meniscus 505 results in a general sucking of ink into the nozzle chamber 502 via the ink flow channel 503. In time, the nozzle chamber 501 is refilled such that the position in
Firstly, the actuator 508 includes a series of tapered actuator units e.g. 515 which comprise an upper glass portion (amorphous silicon dioxide) 516 formed on top of a titanium nitride layer 517. Alternatively a copper nickel alloy layer (hereinafter called cupronickel) can be utilized which will have a higher bend efficiency.
The titanium nitride layer 517 is in a tapered form and, as such, resistive heating takes place near an end portion of the post 510. Adjacent titanium nitride/glass portions 515 are interconnected at a block portion 519 which also provides a mechanical structural support for the actuator 508.
The heater means 509 ideally includes a plurality of the tapered actuator unit 515 which are elongate and spaced apart such that, upon heating, the bending force exhibited along the axis of the actuator 508 is maximized. Slots are defined between adjacent tapered units 515 and allow for slight differential operation of each actuator 508 with respect to adjacent actuators 508.
The block portion 519 is interconnected to an arm 520. The arm 520 is in turn connected to the paddle 507 inside the nozzle chamber 501 by means of a slot e.g. 522 formed in the side of the nozzle chamber 501. The slot 522 is designed generally to mate with the surfaces of the arm 520 so as to minimize opportunities for the outflow of ink around the arm 520. The ink is held generally within the nozzle chamber 501 via surface tension effects around the slot 522.
When it is desired to actuate the arm 520, a conductive current is passed through the titanium nitride layer 517 within the block portion 519 connecting to a lower CMOS layer 506 which provides the necessary power and control circuitry for the nozzle arrangement. The conductive current results in heating of the nitride layer 517 adjacent to the post 510 which results in a general upward bending of the arm 20 and consequential ejection of ink out of the nozzle 504. The ejected drop is printed on a page in the usual manner for an inkjet printer as previously described.
An array of nozzle arrangements can be formed so as to create a single printhead. For example, in
The construction of the printhead system described can proceed utilizing standard MEMS techniques through suitable modification of the steps as set out in U.S. Pat. No. 6,243,113 entitled "Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ 41)" to the present applicant, the contents of which are fully incorporated by cross reference.
The integrated circuits 74 may be arranged to have between 5000 to 100,000 of the above described ink delivery nozzles arranged along its surface, depending upon the length of the integrated circuits and the desired printing properties required. For example, for narrow media it may be possible to only require 5000 nozzles arranged along the surface of the printhead assembly to achieve a desired printing result, whereas for wider media a minimum of 10,000, 20,000 or 50,000 nozzles may need to be provided along the length of the printhead assembly to achieve the desired printing result. For full colour photo quality images on A4 or US letter sized media at or around 1600 dpi, the integrated circuits 74 may have 13824 nozzles per color. Therefore, in the case where the printhead assembly 22 is capable of printing in 4 colours (C, M, Y, K), the integrated circuits 74 may have around 53396 nozzles disposed along the surface thereof. Further, in a case where the printhead assembly 22 is capable of printing 6 printing fluids (C, M, Y, K, IR and a fixative) this may result in 82944 nozzles being provided on the surface of the integrated circuits 74. In all such arrangements, the electronics supporting each nozzle is the same.
The manner in which the individual ink delivery nozzle arrangements may be controlled within the printhead assembly 22 will now be described with reference to
The nozzle control logic 902 is configured to send serial data to the nozzle array core for printing, via a link 907, which may be in the form of an electrical connector. Status and other operational information about the nozzle array core 901 is communicated back to the nozzle control logic 902 via another link 908, which may be also provided on the electrical connector.
The nozzle array core 901 is shown in more detail in
As shown in
A single column N will now be described with reference to
Each of the odd and even data values 936 and 937 is provided as an input to corresponding odd and even dot latches 942 and 943 respectively.
Each dot latch and its associated data value form a unit cell, such as unit cell 944. A unit cell is shown in more detail in
The output of latch 942 is provided as one of the inputs to a three-input AND gate 945. Other inputs to the AND gate 945 are the Fr signal (from the output of multiplexer 940) and a pulse profile signal Pr. The firing time of a nozzle is controlled by the pulse profile signal Pr, and can be, for example, lengthened to take into account a low voltage condition that arises due to low power supply (in a removable power supply embodiment). This is to ensure that a relatively consistent amount of ink is efficiently ejected from each nozzle as it is fired. In the embodiment described, the profile signal Pr is the same for each dot shift register, which provides a balance between complexity, cost and performance. However, in other embodiments, the Pr signal can be applied globally (ie, is the same for all nozzles), or can be individually tailored to each unit cell or even to each nozzle.
Once the data is loaded into the latch 942, the fire enable Fr and pulse profile Pr signals are applied to the AND gate 945, combining to the trigger the nozzle to eject a dot of ink for each latch 942 that contains a logic 1.
The signals for each nozzle channel are summarized in the following table:
Input dot pattern to shift register bit
Output dot pattern from shift register bit
Shift register clock in - d is captured on rising edge
of this clock
Fire enable - needs to be asserted for nozzle to fire
Profile - needs to be asserted for nozzle to fire
As shown in
The dot latches and the latches forming the various shift registers are fully static in this embodiment, and are CMOS-based. The design and construction of latches is well known to those skilled in the art of integrated circuit engineering and design, and so will not be described in detail in this document.
The nozzle speed may be as much as 20 kHz for the printer unit 2 capable of printing at about 60 ppm, and even more for higher speeds. At this range of nozzle speeds the amount of ink than can be ejected by the entire printhead assembly 22 is at least 50 million drops per second. However, as the number of nozzles is increased to provide for higher-speed and higher-quality printing at least 100 million drops per second, preferably at least 500 million drops per second and more preferably at least 1 billion drops per second may be delivered. At such speeds, the drops of ink are ejected by the nozzles with a maximum drop ejection energy of about 250 nanojoules per drop.
Consequently, in order to accommodate printing at these speeds, the control electronics must be able to determine whether a nozzle is to eject a drop of ink at an equivalent rate. In this regard, in some instances the control electronics must be able to determine whether a nozzle ejects a drop of ink at a rate of at least 50 million determinations per second. This may increase to at least 100 million determinations per second or at least 500 million determinations per second, and in many cases at least 1 billion determinations per second for the higher-speed, higher-quality printing applications.
For the printer unit 2 of the present invention, the above-described ranges of the number of nozzles provided on the printhead assembly 22 together with the nozzle firing speeds and print speeds results in an area print speed of at least 50 cm2 per second, and depending on the printing speed, at least 100 cm2 per second, preferably at least 200 cm2 per second, and more preferably at least 500 cm2 per second at the higher-speeds. Such an arrangement provides a printer unit 2 that is capable of printing an area of media at speeds not previously attainable with conventional printer units.
Maintenance Assembly
The maintenance assembly 23 is shown in detail in
The maintenance assembly 23 generally consists of a maintenance chassis 88 which receives the various components of the assembly therein. The maintenance chassis 88 is in the form of an open ended channel having a pair of upwardly extending tongue portions 89 at its ends which are shaped to fit over the posts 26 of the main body 20 and engage with the retaining projections provided thereon to secure the maintenance assembly 23 in position. The maintenance chassis 88 is made from a suitable metal material, having rigidity and resilience, such as a pressed steel plate.
The base of the maintenance chassis 88 is shown more clearly in
A rigid insert 93 is provided to fit within the chassis 88 to provide added rigidity to the maintenance assembly 23. A catch element 94 projects from the base of the rigid insert and extends into the centrally located removed portion 90 of the chassis 88 when the rigid insert 93 is located within the chassis 88. The catch element 94 is provided to move the maintenance assembly between a capped and an uncapped state, as will be described below. A lower maintenance molding 95 is located within the insert 93 and retained within the insert via engagement of a number of lugs 96 formed along the sides of the lower maintenance molding 95 with corresponding slots 97 provided along the sides of the insert 93. The lower maintenance molding 95 is made from a suitable plastic material and forms a body having closed ends and an open top. The ends of the lower maintenance molding 93 are provided with air vents 98. Air from the vents 98 flows through filters 181 to ventilate the maintenance assembly.
Two pin elements 99 extend from the base of the lower maintenance molding 95. The pin elements 99 are connected to the base via a flexible web, such as rubber, to allow multi-directional relative movement of the pin elements 99 with respect to the base of the lower maintenance molding. The pin elements 99 pass through two circular openings 100 in the base of the rigid insert 93 and into the window portions 92 of the maintenance chassis 88.
A retainer insert 101 is supported on the pin elements 99 within the lower maintenance molding 95. The retainer insert 101 is coated steel and provides rigid support for the strips of absorbent media 102 retained therein. The absorbent media 102 is a generally an inverted T-shaped assembly of separate portions—a thin vertical portion which extends upwardly from between two substantially horizontal portions. The absorbent media 102 may be made from any type of material capable of absorbing and retaining ink such as urethane foam or the like.
A microfibre fabric 103 fits over the thin vertical portion, around the two horizontal portions, and then attaches to the retainer insert 101 to retain the absorbent media 102. The microfibre fabric 103 draws into the absorbent media 102.
An upper maintenance molding 104 fits over the lower maintenance molding 95 to enclose the microfibre fabric 103, absorbent media 102 and retainer insert 101 therebetween. The upper maintenance molding 104 is attached along its bottom surface to the surface of the lower maintenance molding 95 via an appropriate adhesive. An upwardly projecting rim portion 105 extends beyond the thin vertical portion of the absorbent media 102 covered with microfibre fabric 103. The rim portion 105 defines an open perimeter seal for sealing the nozzles of the printhead assembly 22 when the upper maintenance molding 104 is brought into capping contact with the printhead assembly.
In this arrangement, the upper maintenance molding 104, microfibre fabric 103, absorbent media 102, retainer insert 101, lower maintenance molding 95 and the rigid insert 93 form a capping unit which is adapted to fit within the maintenance chassis 88 and is supported on the spring arms thereof. Within this unit, the microfibre fabric 103, absorbent media 102 and the retainer insert 101 form a sub-unit supported on the pin elements 99 and movable within the space defined by the lower maintenance molding 95 and the upper maintenance molding 104.
As shown in
When assembled in this manner, the components of the maintenance assembly 23 are contained within the retainer element 106 and the chassis 88, such that both the upper maintenance molding 104 can move with respect to the retainer element 106 to cap the printhead assembly 22, and the microfibre fabric 103 and absorbent media 102 can move with respect to the upper maintenance molding to contact and wipe the surface of the nozzles of the printhead assembly 22.
Upon assembly and attachment of the maintenance assembly 23 to the posts 26 of the main body 20, the catch element 94 of the rigid insert extends from the central removed portion 90 of the chassis 88. Due to the action of the spring arms 91, the maintenance unit 23 (as previously defined) is raised from the base of the chassis 88 such that the rim portion 105 of the upper maintenance molding 104 extends through the slot 107 of the retainer element 106 and is in capping contact with the printhead assembly 22. This state is shown in
To remove any paper dust or other particulate matter present in the vicinity of the nozzles of the printhead assembly 22, the surface of the printhead may be wiped by the microfibre fabric 103. To perform this, a wiper actuator present in the cradle unit extends into the window portions 92 of the chassis 88 and contacts the pin elements 99 provided in the base of the lower maintenance molding 95. Any upward force provided by the wiper actuator on the pins 99 causes them to project further against the retainer insert 101, thereby causing the vertical portion of the absorbent media 102, which is coated with the microfibre fabric 103, to extend into and beyond the rim portion 105 of the upper maintenance molding 104, until it contacts the surface of the printhead assembly 22 proximal the nozzles. The presence of the microfibre fabric 103 ensures that contact is minimised and attracts any ink or moisture present on the surface of the printhead assembly 22 to be retained within the absorbent media 102. As the pins 99 are free to move in any direction, any lateral motion of the wiper actuator will cause the microfibre fabric 103 to move laterally across the surface of the nozzles hence performing a wiping or cleaning function. Removal of the wiper actuator will then cause the arrangement to return to a position whereby the microfibre fabric 103 and the absorbent media 102 are below the surface of the rim portion 105.
In order to perform printing, the maintenance assembly 23 must be moved from the capping state to a printing state. This is achieved by a maintenance actuator gripping the catch element 94 projecting through the central removed portion 90 of the chassis 88 and applying a downward force thereto. This downward force causes the rigid insert 93 to move against the spring arms 91 of the chassis 88, towards the base of the chassis. This movement causes the upper rim portion 105 of the upper capping molding 104 to retract into the slot 107 formed in the retainer element 106 such that it is flush with the outer surface of the retainer element 106 and does not protrude therefrom. It will be appreciated that the retainer element 106 does not move and is fixed in position. This creates a gap between the retainer element 106 and the printhead assembly 22 through which the media can pass for printing. In the printing or uncapped state, the retainer element 106 acts as a media guide and the media contacts the retainer element and is supported on the surface of the retainer element 106 as it passes the printhead assembly for printing.
Cradle Unit
The cradle unit 12 is shown in relation to
The main body 13 of the cradle unit 12 includes a frame structure 110 as shown in
A maintenance drive assembly 117 is mounted to the other end plate 111, opposite the DC motor 107. The maintenance drive assembly 117 comprises a motor 118 which is operatively connected to a maintenance gear 119 and a wiper gear 120. The maintenance gear 119 is in turn connected to a maintenance actuator 121 which is in the form of a rod having a hooked end that extends a distance within the base plate 112. The hooked end of the maintenance actuator 121 is shaped to be received within the catch element 94 of the maintenance assembly 23 so as to raise/lower the upper rim portion 105 between the capping state and the printing state. The wiper gear 120 is similarly connected to a wiper actuator 122 in the form of a rod having a pair of projections extending therefrom. The wiper actuator 122 similarly extends within the base plate 112, and the projections are positioned along the wiper actuator 122 so that they are aligned with the window portions 92 formed in the base of the maintenance chassis 88 so as to contact the pin elements 99 of the maintenance assembly 23.
The maintenance drive assembly 117 is shown in isolation in
In order to control the capping state of the printhead assembly 22, the motor 118 is reversed resulting in the wiper gear 120 moving in a clockwise direction as shown in
Referring again to
The control electronics for controlling the operation of the print engine and the ICs 50 of the printhead assembly 22 is provided on a printed circuit board (PCB) 132. As shown in
As shown in isolation in
In order to provide stability to the PCB 132 as it is mounted between the two arms 136, a support bar 138 is secured to the arms 136 and the PCB along the bottom edge of the PCB 132, on the face that contains the SoPEC devices 133 and the related componentry 134. The support bar 138 has a plurality of star wheels 139 mounted along its lower surface. The star wheels are spring loaded such that they can move relative to the lower surface of the support bar to grip with a surface of the exit roller 114 when the PCB assembly 140 is mounted to the end plates 111, as shown in
A heatshield 143 is attached to the PCB 132, as shown in
The PCB assembly 140 is pivotally mounted to the end plates 111 at pivot points 141 provided at the bottom of the arms 136. In this arrangement, the PCB assembly 140 is able to swing about its pivot points 141 between an open position, wherein the electrical contacts 135 are remote from the electrical contacts of the flex PCB 79 and the cartridge unit 10 can be readily removed from the cradle unit 12, and a closed position, where the electrical contacts 135 are in operational contact with the electrical contacts provided on the flex PCB 79 to transmit control data and power to facilitate printing from the nozzles of the printhead assembly 22.
As shown in
The cover assembly 11, is shown in its closed position in
When the cover assembly 11 is in the closed position, as shown in
When the cover assembly is moved to its open position, as shown in
In this regard, the act of opening/closing the cover assembly 11 also performs the function of disengaging/engaging electrical communication between the cartridge unit 10 and the cradle unit 12.
Referring again to
Four T-shaped openings 182 are positioned at the corners of each docking portion 149 to receive the bag constrictor actuators on the refill. These were briefly discussed above in relation to the ink storage modules 45 and are described in more detail below.
Refill Unit
The underside of the base assembly 156 is shown in more detail in
A constrictor actuator 190 projects from adjacent each corner of the base assembly 156. The constrictor actuators 190 are slightly arcuate and rounded at their ends. The constrictor apertures 60 (see
As described above with reference to
The base assembly 156 also has a filling port 192. The bag 163 receives its initial charge of ink through this port which is then sealed with a plastic sealing ball 193.
Referring to the exploded view of
An ink level indicator 167 is also provided within the cover 157 of the ink refill unit 155. The ink level indicator 167 comprises a flexible strip having an indication portion 168, such as a coloured section. The strip is attached to the upper surface of the deformable ink bag 163 at its ends and to the underside of the cover 157 at its centre, so that when the ink supply within the bag 163 is exhausted, i.e., the bag is substantially empty, the indication portion 168 aligns itself with a transparent window 169 provided in the top surface of the cover 157. In this regard, at any other time, i.e., when the bag is other than substantially empty, the indication portion is hidden from view.
As the ink dispenses, the nature of the ink bag material causes it to deform and collapse in a non-uniform manner. Each of the edges of the upper surface of the bag are unlikely to collapse at the same rate. As such, the length of the ink level indicator 167 is ensures that the indication portion 168 only aligns with the window 169 in the cover 157 once all of the edges of the deformable bag's upper surface have fully collapsed. The ink level indicator strip 282 is initially in a folded state with the indication portion 168 being located on the strip 282 so as to be hidden from the window 169 when the bag 163 is full. The strip 167 is attached at either end to opposite edges of the bag's upper surface. A point (not shown) intermediate the ends is secured beneath the transparent window 169. When the bag 46 fully collapses the strip 167 lengthens and unfolds. This brings the previously hidden indication portion 168 into view through the window 169. The use of the ink level indicator 167 means that the one refill unit 155 can be used for multiple refill operations if the refill unit is not fully exhausted. This may occur when the amount of ink necessary for refilling the corresponding ink storage module 45 of the cartridge unit 10 in one operation is less than the capacity of the refill unit.
The cover 157 fits over a portion of the base assembly 156 to enclose the ink bag 163 and ink level indicator 167. Likewise, U-shaped docking clasp 183 fits over the cover 157 such that its legs extend beyond the base assembly 156 to engage the cartridge unit 10 when docked. Clips 170 on opposing legs of the clasp 183 snap lock onto the sides of the cartridge unit 10. This holds the refill unit 155 substantially fixed relative the cover assembly 11 for reliable and efficient transfer of ink.
An opposing pair of leaf springs 184 extend from inside each leg of the U-shaped clasp to press against the sides of the cover 157. Adjacent each leaf spring is a pivot 185 designed to engage a fulcrum ledge 186 on the side of the cover 157. This pushes the legs outwardly, however as the pivot 185 engages the fulcrum 186, the clips are levered inwardly to maintain engagement with the cartridge unit 10.
A label panel 188 is fixed to the outer surface of the clasp 183. The label panel 188 can display trademark and other information. It may also be coloured to match the ink within the refill. The label panel 188 also has finger grip pads 189 on each leg. The finger grip pads 189 are positioned so that finger pressure at these points will overcome the force of the leaf springs 184 to lever the clips 170 out of engagement with cartridge unit 10. The refill unit 155 may then be pulled off the docking port 149 of the cover assembly 11.
A QA chip reader 172 is also provided in the base of the docking port 149 for mating with the QA chip contacts 162 of the QA chip 161 of the refill unit 155 and reading and receiving information stored thereon. Such information may include the storage capacity of the refill unit 155 (e.g., about 30 to about 50 ml), the colour of the ink contained within the refill unit 155, and the source of the ink contained within the ink refill unit 155. The information can be readily transferred to the control circuitry of the cradle unit 12 when the refill unit 155 is docked into position within the docking port 149. For example, the control circuitry of the cradle unit 12 is able to determine which of the ink storage modules 45 require refilling and whether the refill unit 155 contains the correct type/colour and amount of ink to facilitate refilling.
As shown more clearly in
In this position, the ink delivery needle 164 penetrates the ink inlet 15 of the valve insert 49 as the spring loaded seal ring 165 retracts within the cylindrical ink outlet 158 to form a tight seal around the surface of the ink inlet 15. The seal ring 165 is able to 'ride' up the ink delivery needle 164 and is loaded such that upon removal of the refill unit 155 from the docking port 149, the seal ring is returned to its protection position via action of a seal spring 166.
As discussed previously, the ink retained within ink bag 46 of the ink storage module 45 is in a constant state of negative pressure due to the spring element 54 applying a constant expansion force to the ink bag 46. This produces a negative or back pressure in the ink, thereby preventing ink from leaking from the nozzles of the printhead assembly 22. This back pressure also provides a simple means for extracting the refill ink from the refill unit 155 when the refill unit is docked into position. Due to a pressure gradient between the ink bag of the refill unit 155 (which is at atmospheric pressure) and the ink bag of the ink storage module 45, when the ink delivery needle 164 penetrates the ink inlet 15, the refill ink simply flows from the refill unit 155 into the ink bag 46 of the ink storage module 45.
In order to alternate between a refilling operation and a printing operation and to maintain the ink in the printhead assembly 22 in a constant state of back pressure such that ink does not leak from the nozzles during refilling, valves 16 and 18 are provided in the valve insert as discussed above. Both valves are controlled by the valve actuator pins 159 when the refill unit is docked into position with the docking port 149. The manner in which the valves are controlled is shown with reference to
Prior to refilling, as shown in
During refilling, as shown in
As shown more clearly in
Bag constrictor actuators 190 extend through the apertures 60 to press the upper constrictor collar 59 towards the lower constrictor collar 57 to bow the side panels 58 inwards and constrict the bag 46. As discussed above with reference to
While the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, various modifications will be apparent to and might readily be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the description as set forth herein, but, rather, that the claims be broadly construed.
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|Jan 24, 2006
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Printhead chassis assembly
|Feb 24, 2004
|Dec 11, 2007
|Sony Corporation
|Liquid discharge apparatus and method for discharging liquid
|Nov 20, 2006
|Dec 11, 2007
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Inkjet printer having ink distribution to fixedly attached printhead ICS
|Nov 25, 2007
|Dec 23, 2008
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Ink refill unit with incremental ink ejection for a print cartridge
|Dec 20, 2004
|Feb 17, 2009
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Refill unit for simultaneously engaging with, and opening inlet valve to, an ink cartridge
|Mar 17, 2008
|May 12, 2009
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Driven mechanism with an air compressor for a printer cradle unit
|Jan 21, 2004
|Jan 12, 2010
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Inkjet printer cartridge with two printhead integrated circuits
|Jul 22, 2008
|Apr 20, 2010
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Ink refill unit with controlled incremental ink ejection for print cartridge
|Sep 9, 2008
|Jun 15, 2010
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Ink storage module
|Nov 30, 2000
|Jul 12, 2001
|Hiroki Hayashi
|Surface reformed fiber body, liquid container using fiber absorber, and method of producing fiber absorber for use in liquid ejection
|Aug 6, 2001
|Mar 14, 2002
|Kia Silverbrook
|Printing cartridge with an integrated circuit device
|Jul 26, 2002
|Feb 6, 2003
|Yutaka Koizumi
|Liquid supplying device and liquid discharge recording apparatus
|Oct 3, 2002
|Apr 10, 2003
|Ryoji Inoue
|Liquid container, liquid supplying apparatus, and recording apparatus
|Dec 4, 2002
|Jul 3, 2003
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Ink cartridge with pressures-controlling module
|Sep 29, 2003
|Apr 1, 2004
|Shoichi Kan
|Image forming apparatus
|Jan 29, 2004
|Sep 23, 2004
|Childers Winthrop D.
|Method and device for filling a printing-fluid container
|Mar 25, 2004
|Oct 7, 2004
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Liquid container, liquid using device, printing apparatus, and method of manufacturing liquid container
|May 14, 2004
|Oct 28, 2004
|Yuji Yakura
|Method for driving recording head, recording head, and ink jet printer
|Nov 1, 2002
|Feb 17, 2005
|Makoto Ando
|Ink jet print head, inkjet printer including the inkjet print head, and method of manufacturing inkjet print head
|Mar 22, 2003
|Oct 8, 2003
|Printing head maintenance mechanism
|Jan 13, 1984
|Jul 25, 1985
|Siemens Ag
|Device for refilling ink containers in inking apparatuses
|Dec 20, 1989
|Aug 11, 1993
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Method and apparatus for extending the environmental operating range of an ink jet print cartridge
|Jun 15, 1992
|Mar 27, 1996
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Spring-bag printer ink cartridge with volume indicator
|Sep 4, 1996
|Mar 26, 2003
|Hewlett-Packard Company, A Delaware Corporation
|Ink reservoir cartridge system
|Aug 19, 1998
|Mar 3, 1999
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Inkjet printer and ink container used therein
|Aug 13, 2002
|Feb 19, 2003
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Liquid container and inkjet cartridge
|Oct 2, 2002
|Apr 9, 2003
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Liquid container, liquid supplying apparatus, and recording apparatus
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Mar 27, 2000
|Oct 5, 2000
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Method and device for filling ink into ink cartridge
|Jun 13, 2002
|Oct 23, 2003
|Silverbrook Research Pty. Ltd.
|High volume pagewidth printing
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 15, 2009
Owner name: SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY LTD, AUSTRALIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SILVERBROOK, KIA;NAKAZAWA, AKIRA;HIBBARD, CHRISTOPHER;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022550/0664
Effective date: 20090119
|Jul 10, 2012
Owner name: ZAMTEC LIMITED, IRELAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY. LIMITED AND CLAMATE PTY LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:028520/0545
Effective date: 20120503
|Jun 25, 2014
Owner name: MEMJET TECHNOLOGY LIMITED, IRELAND
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ZAMTEC LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:033244/0276
Effective date: 20140609
|Dec 15, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Team News, 2008 Season - Ohlone College Renegades Men's Soccer
Zermino Honored as One of the State's Best
Tuesday, November 11, 2008.
Fremont, CA – During the month of October, Zermino was moved up to striker, and scored 4 goals and chipped in with 3 assists to help Ohlone win 3 of their last 4 matches after a 0-14 start. For his accomplishments, Ohlone Renegade Freshman and Striker Daniel Zermino was honored by the California Community College Athletic Association with an honorable mention for the Athlete of the Month for November 2008.
The CCCAA Athlete of the Month program is coordinated by the California Community College Sports Information Association (CCCSIA) and the California Community Colleges Athletic Association (CCCAA). The CCCAA represents over 72 schools throughout the state representing more than 1500 male soccer players.
"This is the second time this season that one of our players has been recognized by the state, we have not been as successful in the win/loss column as we would have liked but the recognition that our men are receiving I believe reflects the progress we have made as a team, I am beaming with pride right now" stated Coach Don Williams.
Daniel was a standout athlete from James Logan High School where he anchored the Colts defense and served as team captain his senior year. Daniel is currently second on the Ohlone points list with
Congratulations to Daniel on this extraordinary honor.
This web page is part of the official Ohlone College website. Any Ohlone College Athletics-related information that may appear on other websites is not official and may not be accurate.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
bluezoo Girl's nay cardigan and t-shirt set
Item No.2320201114
Item No.2320201114
This girl's cardigan and t-shirt set from Bluezoo comes with a navy cardigan and a strip navy and white t-shirt features a fox printed design with glasses and a bow. It is short sleeved with a crew neck.
Sunday to Friday - order by 9pm
Saturday - order by 6pm
Monday to Sunday - order by midnight
Orders over £20 - FREE
Orders under £20 - £2
Show full delivery details
Subject to exceptions, Debenhams is happy to exchange or refund your purchase within 28 days of delivery. Please check here for more details on our returns policy and exceptions.
Open a Debenhams Credit Card today and receive:
Please note: if the amount you pay on your card is less than £500 after the 10% discount is applied, the 0% interest offer will not be available.
Credit available from NewDay Ltd to over 18s only
*Terms & Conditions apply.Find out more & apply now


text:
[I can't see] how you can be president, at least from my perspective . . . without a relationship with the Lord.
Believing in God gives you the confidence to make those tough decisions.
President Bush
Washington Times, Jan. 18, 2005
Now we've got a big job ahead of us--that is to take the agenda we talked about in the campaign and make it a reality. We also have to be patient because not everything is going to be done overnight.
Karl Rove
Christian Inaugural Eve Gala
Fox News, Jan. 21, 2005
The United States was at its founding, and still is, not only a religious nation but largely a Christian nation. The Judeo-Christian beliefs anchor our legal, our economic, our military, and our political systems. The balance of powers and constraints upon the state, and thus upon the majority, assume the sinful nature of man and one that is not perfectible. . . .
We should not abandon faith at the door to the House floor. We should not leave the Holy Spirit in the Cloakroom.
U.S. Rep. Mark Souder, R-Ind.
109th Congressional Prayer Service
Jan. 4, 2005, souder.house.gov
There is no greater suffering than what Christ did. He died on the cross, but that's a source of optimism. That's a source of redemption. So, I think we have to look at this in a positive sense. In one strange sense, then what's happening to these poor Asian people is their gift to the world. It makes us think about our mortality and about salvation and about redemption.
William A. Donohue
Catholic League for Religious & Civil Rights
Scarborough Country, Jan. 6, 2005
Allah will not love us without also testing our love for him. Maybe this disaster [the tsunami] was because we have forgotten him and his teachings and failed to implement Shariah law.
Din Syamsuddin, Head
Indonesia's Council of Clerics
Sermon at mosque
WorldNetDaily.com, Jan. 8, 2005
And everyone who listens to these words of mine, but does not act on them, will be like a fool who built his house on sand:
"The rain fell, the floods came, and the winds blew, and buffeted the house, and it collapsed and was completely ruined."
U.S. Rep. Tom DeLay, R-Tex.
Quoting Matt. 7:21-27
Re: Asian tsunami disaster
109th Congressional Prayer Service
Jan. 4, 2005
The vendetta against religion in America is about to end . . . [God said that] I will remove judges from the Supreme Court quickly, and their successors will refuse to sanction the attacks on religious faith.
Pat Robertson
"The 700 Club"
Jan. 3, 2005
I am saying that Britain is clearly not a multi-faith country, but a Christian one.
Rev. Jonathan Gledhill
Bishop of Lichfield
BBC News, Dec. 21, 2004


text:
Top 5 Workout Routines
We're college students, so let's face it, we love to go out; whether it's a quick run to Taco Bell or at a sit down restaurant aiming for those half price appetizers. Sooner or later, it starts to catch up, especially since parents aren't around to deny anything from you. During my time here at Mount Union, I grasped some really cool workout routines that can help me stay in shape. Thanks to my track coach, he shared them with me, and now I would like to share them with you!
5. Crunches… On an Exercise Ball!
By doing crunches on an exercise ball, it focuses more on your abdominals, giving you better results. It's far more effective than doing crunches on a mat (and also less strenuous).
4. Swimming Laps
Hop in your campus swimming pool and take a couple strides back and forth. Swimming is one of best exercises, since you are using your whole body. Every part of you is benefiting from it. Maybe even try treading water without the use of your hands to intensify the workout.
3. Walking Sprint
Go for a run outside, preferably in nice weather. And by run… I mean RUN! Sprint as hard as you can for 10 seconds and then walk for one minute. As soon as the one minute is up, go right into a hard, full out 100% sprint for another 10 seconds. By doing this for a time laps of 12 minute minimum, not only does it help keep you in shape, but it can also help accelerate your metabolism.
2. Fartlek Run
Funny name right? It's actually the second best thing you can do to help maintain fitness. "Fartlek" is Swedish for "speed play." You can either do this workout outside or on a treadmill. It combines continuous training with interval training. You run at a steady pace for 1:30 then sprint at 90% for 30 seconds. Do this for 25 minutes. It helps with toning your legs and also increases your stamina.
1. Scott Thomas Circuit (2x)
A past coach of the track and field team designed this workout. By doing this circuit two times through, it gets your heart rate up and also burns many calories. Make sure to take a quick three to five minute break in-between the two sets. Finish through a set before you take any breaks, no cheating!
- 10 Pushups
- 20 Seconds of Prone Stability
- 20 Sit-Ups
- 10 Lateral Ankle Hops
- 20 Mountain Climbers
- 20 Seconds of Left Lateral Stability
- 15 Leg Lifts
- 10 Split Squat Jumps
- 10 Good Mornings with Medball
- 20 Seconds of Right Lateral Stability
- 15 Russian Twist Sit-Ups with Medball
- 10 Burpees with Pushup
- 15 Medball Overhead Presses
- 20 Seconds of Medball Overhead Hold
- 15 Reverse Crunches with Medball
- 2x Ankle Hop Dot Pattern (Form a square in one direction, then the opposite direction)
- 10 Lunges
- 20 Seconds of Pushup Stability
- 15 Seconds of Superman Stability
- 5 Regular Squats – 5 Jump Squats – 5 Drop Squats
And, those are the top 5 workouts that will help you stay in shape. They won't be easy, and they will burn, but all of it is totally worth it. Stay motivated and positive. Be Fit. Be Healthy. Be Happy.


text:
Business ServicesRichard A. Melcher
In mid-December, Mitchell S. Fromstein, chairman and CEO of Manpower Inc., the world's largest temporary-help company, was visited by senior executives from three U.S. multinationals.
Their mission: to find out whether Fromstein could be their primary provider of temporary employees around the world. He's up to the challenge. With fully 50% of Manpower's business coming from national or global companies, and with a rapidly expanding network of offices in Asia and Europe, the key to Manpower's prosperity, Fromstein says, is matching up with "more and more companies wanting fewer suppliers with geographic reach."
For multinationals, size matters--for their suppliers as well as for themselves. The many corporate behemoths created by the unprecedented wave of mergers and acquisitions across many industries in 1997 means hot opportunities for the array of companies that service them--everything from temporary help to legal, consulting, advertising, and engineering services. Companies with global reach appear best positioned to prosper. That's a key justification for the consolidation in the accounting and consulting industry: In 1997, Coopers & Lybrand merged with Price Waterhouse, and partners are voting on a merger of KPMG Peat Marwick and Ernst & Young.
Across the business-services sector, Standard & Poor's DRI forecasts growth of 7.5%, to $945 billion. But many service outfits believe they'll do far better. With its globe-spanning ad agencies, including McCann-Erickson, the Interpublic Group of Companies figures on growth of 15% in 1998. "It looks strong. We're picking up new business worldwide," says Thomas Volpe, senior vice-president for finance. McCann forecaster Robert Coen figures global ad industry growth will be about 5.5%, down from 1997's 6.3%.
The sheer pace of business restructuring should also play into the hands of service providers. For lawyers, the tough times of the early 1990s seem long gone. "Everyone I know is going full out," says Michael Pope, partner at Chicago's 707-attorney McDermott, Will, & Emery, which plans to hire 45 first-year associates this year. Like legal services, headhunting seems to be on a roll. Upheaval in the executive suite and just below produced 20% growth at the top 10 firms in 1997, and this year should also be quite strong. "It's one of the great bull markets of all time for recruiters," says Egon Zehnder International's John S. Wood.
It won't be all blissful in 1998. While turbulence in Asia may give rise to a need for more advisory services, it might also keep nervous clients from acting on those needs. Meanwhile, the thin pool of talent could limit growth. Manpower's Fromstein reckons 1998 revenues will rise to $10 billion from around $8.5 billion. They could have gone higher but for currency fluctuations, and because "we can't fill all of the orders," he says. There could be worse problems.


text:
Pocket door frame touching concrete floor question
We are framing our basement which has a concrete floor. All of the walls we've assembled have pressure treated lumber at the base, per code.
We have just put together the pocket door frame and I realized that the frame (wooden) is not treated and is only separated from the concrete floor by a thin strip of metal. How do I resolve this?
I have read that a metal frame from Johnson may've been a wiser move, but is there a way to make what I have work? Can I apply a water seal to it? What will pass inspection and give us the best end result?
Any assistance is appreciated.
I've done that several times without a word from an inspector---good luck.
Also---filling in the spaces between the 1x4 nailers withe plywood stiffens up the wall and makes drywalling simpler.
I would use some sill foam, that thin pink foam. It would provide a thermal break between concrete and metal and might prevent condensation between metal and wood.
Just my two cents.
If the metal will be installed in contact to the PT wood, you will need something to isolate the 2 materials.
Thanks for all of the quick responses.
If I were to do the foam, would I just apply it under the two small metal plates securing the frame together? About how much material (1/4" thick...) should be applied?
The whole frame is just being pinned to the concrete with a pair of Tapcons. Will that still be sufficient after adding the foam, provided I use a longer Tapcon?
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text:
Like being at FinCon12 – or at the sponsor tables, anyway.Posted by Donna Freedman on Sep 21, 2012 | 68 comments
Even though I had a bad cold I had a great time at the recent Financial Blogger Conference in Denver. If you want to know more about the event, check out my daughter's posts over at I Pick Up Pennies:
- Off to FinCon
- FinCon: One day down, three to go
- FinCon day two
- Bank vault dinner and "Star Wars" slides
And if you want to win some conference swag? Read on.
Like the other attendees, I picked up all sorts of sponsor tchotchkes. Unlike almost everyone else, I got twice as much because my daughter passed along most of what she picked up. That's why there will be a pair of prizes this week.
The two winners will receive:
Reusable shopping bags from Ally Bank and Chase.
Insulated drinking glass, also from Ally Bank. It's BPA-free and has a tight lid and a straw that cannot fall out (nice design touch, that).
Wireless optical mouse. Yet another Ally item. Note: I goofed and picked up a mouse without the box, which contained instructions on how to open it and put in the AA batteries. If my brain doesn't fall out between now and the end of this giveaway, I'll photocopy the instructions from the boxed mouse that my much-smarter daughter chose.
Pouch-style water bottle. It's orange and bears the Adaptu logo.
Stress balls. One is from Sallie Mae and looks like a mortarboard. The other is shaped like the little bird on Twitter and is designed to draw attention to @chasenews. (Hey, it works!)
Pens. All or most of the following logos are represented: FatWallet, FinCon12, LendingClub, PowerWallet, RetailMeNot and USAA.
Cell-phone wipes. These little polishing cloths bear the PowerWallet logo.
Money clip. Honest! It's from an affiliate marketing site called Commission Soup. (Full disclosure: The money clips came with two one-dollar bills, which I thought were fake. They weren't, and now they've been donated to the found money jar, whose contents will ultimately go to the Food Bank of Anchorage.)
Flash drive. Another item from Chase.
Slap bracelet. Remember those? It's bright green and courtesy of GoBankingRates.
Personalized M&Ms. These are embossed with the LendingClub logo, and I hope they arrive intact.
Two green things from Fidelity Investments. A small flashlight, and what looks like a teeny-tiny barbell but is apparently used for storing and securing earbuds.
Small notepad. Measuring just 2½ by 4 inches and bearing the InvestingAnswers.com logo, this would be the perfect size for a fanny pack, coat pocket or glove compartment.
FinCon 12 notebook. Bright blue, vinyl-bound and with ruled pages. I'm thinking "journal."
FinCon 12 shirt. The blue image above is what's on the shirt. Although it says "extra large," that's extra-large compared only to, say, a fifth-grader. If it doesn't fit you, turn it into a pillow. Or give it to a fifth-grader.
To enter:
- Leave a comment below
- Subscribe via e-mail or RSS
- Sign up to follow Surviving and Thriving on Twitter or Facebook
If you do any (or all!) of these things, please leave separate, additional comments to get credit for each entry.
The deadline is slightly earlier this week: 9 p.m. PDT on Sunday, Sept. 23. If I don't hear back from the winners by 9 p.m. PDT Monday, Sept. 24, I'll pull two more names. That's because next week I'm moving to Alaska, and I don't want to make a side trip to the post office while driving a loaded U-Haul.


text:
By Terry Schmida
Ever wonder what Victorian-era "girl talk" might sound like?
The answer, according to David Mamet, has been distilled into the famed playwright's witty and salacious "Boston Marriage," presented as part of the Key West Fringe theater festival. The subject matter is a bit of a departure for Mamet but this 1999 work is funny and thoughtful and works perfectly on stage in our elegantly gender-bending town. (A note to the easily offended: The play also retains the salty, if dated, language prevalent in many of Mamet's other offerings.)
For the uninitiated, a Boston marriage is the name given to domestic unions of convenience between women in Victorian New England. The partners were often feminists or career-oriented gals who felt constrained by the confines of marriage. A number of these "brides" were sexual libertines who didn't want to get married to anyone -- male or female-- but still needed roommates to help pay the bills. Still others were considered too educated to make good wives!
A Boston marriage could have a sexual element, but not all of them did, adding a certain mystique to the concept.
With that in mind, meet Anna (Rebecca Gleason) and Claire (Nicole Nurenberg.) These two friends "of a certain age" have been separated for a while and Anna's dying to show off the chintzy decorating of her living room she's done in honor of Claire.
Her pal is distracted, however, and it soon becomes clear why: Claire is in love with someone much younger than she and needs Anna's help in arranging a rendezvous with her beloved.
Anna, meanwhile, has her own fish to fry. She's succeeded in becoming a mistress to a man of means who's awarded her a monthly stipend, an account at a dressmaker's shop -- and an expensive heirloom necklace. More than anything, Anna is determined to maintain this situation that has allowed her to live independently and extravagantly.
It's a worrying development, then, when Claire's new love arrives and reveals a connection to Anna's new jewelry that threatens to derail the plans of both Claire and Anna.
Another factor in the story is Anna's hot-to-trot maid Catherine (Caroline Taylor), whose deadpan delivery provides comic relief and a possible plot twist.
Will Claire connect with her young love? Will Anna keep her independence -- and her necklace? What will become of Catherine?
Make a vow to see "Boston Marriage" and find out.
• • • • •
Due to excessive noise from a competing "cultural event" -- the powerboat races -- opening night has been postponed. The play will now open at 8 p.m. Friday, Nov. 17, then run on Saturday, Nov. 18, and again on Nov. 30, Dec. 1 and 2 and nightly from Dec. 9 through 11.