text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 31, 2004
|Filing date
|Jun 4, 2001
|Priority date
|Oct 8, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Thomas J. Laughlin
|Original Assignee
|Laughlin Products, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (20), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (15), Classifications (38), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/751,752 filed Dec. 29, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,305,384, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/294,689 filed Apr. 19, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,199,557 which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/946,764, filed Oct. 8, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,922,333.
The present invention relates generally to systems for automatically coating the human body or selected parts thereof with predetermined fluids. More particularly, the invention relates to an automated self-tanning system.
The application of various fluids to all or selected parts of the human body has been known literally for centuries. However, despite the long standing and wide spread practice of coating the human body with various fluids, there has never been a successful way of automatically coating the human body. Therefore, prior to the present invention, it has been necessary to apply fluids to the body manually.
Manual application of fluids to the human body results in numerous disadvantages. First, it is almost impossible to uniformly coat the human body with fluids using manual application techniques. This is true even in the case of fluids that are provided in aerosol or spray form because such fluids must be rubbed in after application. Second, the application of fluids to certain parts of the human body, for example, the back, require the availability of an assistant in order that proper manual application can be attempted.
The foregoing difficulties are particularly apparent in the case of artificial tanning processes. Artificial tanning has been known for more than 40 years, with artificial tanning products appearing on the U.S. market as early as 1959. The two key types of tanning processes are by colorants and bronzers.
Tanning by colorants is based on the color reaction which occurs between components of the skin and the colorant. The most commonly used chemical for artificial tanning is dihydroxyacetone (DHA). It is widely used in commercial artificial tanning products, and is recognized as safe and effective by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). DHA reacts solely with the stratum corneum. It interacts with amines, peptides and free amino acids to generate a Maillard reaction. The resulting products are cyclic and linear polymers that have a yellow or brown color.
Two common bronzers are juglone and lawsone. Both are naphthoquinones. When applied to skin, lawsone produces an orange hue and juglone produces a greenish-brown tan. They are sometimes used in combination with DHA to modify the color or hue of the tan or to intensify the color.
Numerous forms of artificial tanning products are now on the market. They include:
These products are mixtures of a chemically-active skin colorant or a bronzer with combinations of the following:
pH adjusters,
anti-caking agents,
ingredients to alter the color reaction.
Users of these products often experience significant problems associated with the current methods for applying artificial tanning formations to skin. These problems include the following.
If not properly dried, the formulation will streak or form blotches with time. The net result is a very non-uniform tan, with light or dark streaks or blotches.
Certain parts of the body will stain more intensely when the formulation is spread manually. This differential staining is due to enhanced absorption of certain skin tissue and the tendency of certain tissue to retain more formulation. The result is that as the formulation is being spread manually, certain tissue absorb or trap more formulation (e.g., the wrinkles in the elbows and knees and the dense tissue in the palms).
Most products designed for manual application require components such as thickeners and polymers, which often inhibit the efficacy of DHA.
Current formulations typically take about 20 minutes to dry to the touch, and about 1 hour before not transferring from skin to textiles.
Application of artificial tanning products is additionally complicated by the tendency of these formulations to stain materials containing amine molecules, including certain fabrics, certain types of carpet, and certain wall coverings and paint.
In spite of all of these problems, artificial tanning is becoming increasingly popular. It is apparent that a need exists for a superior application system which solves the foregoing problems.
There is also a need for a superior applications system for many other applications, including but not limited to:
self-tanning formulations,
suntan lotions,
tanning accelerators,
sunburn treatments,
insect repellants,
skin toners,
skin bleaches,
skin lighteners,
anti-microbial compositions,
nutriments or vitamins,
massage aides,
muscle relaxants,
skin treatment agents,
burn treatment agents,
decontamination agents,
wrinkle treatments or removers.
There are specific and significant problems with the manual coating of each of these products. The artificial tanning application provides a good illustration of the types of problems normally encountered when manually coating these products. Artificial tanning is also one of the most demanding applications in that uniformity of the coating is critical to assure uniform tanning.
The present invention comprises a system for automatically coating the human body, including a method of and apparatus for uniformly and rapidly coating all or selected parts of the human body. The system includes apparatus which atomizes (also referred to as aerosolization, nebulization, mist generation, fog generation or spray generation) a chemical composition and deposits it uniformly over all or selected parts of the human body. It is not necessary for the individual receiving the treatment nor anyone else to manually apply any of the formulation. Also, a containment system is provided which restrains and collects residue from the application process. The system can optionally recycle the materials used.
There are several major advantages resulting from the use of the invention:
Uniform application minimizes or eliminates streaking,
No assistant is required for applying the composition,
The entire skin surface receives the same exposure to the composition, so the uniformity of the coating is greatly enhanced over manual application,
The optimal formulation for atomization is very simple, and does not require the addition of components which may inhibit the efficacy of the applied material,
The application time can be as quick as a few seconds, and complete drying can occur in just a few minutes,
The containment system drastically reduces the unwanted environmental impact,
Multiple applications can be used to better control the amount of material applied per unit area, and additional substances can be applied in separate applications.
The invention may be practiced utilizing a unitary construction including both a coating chamber and apparatus for coating a person situated within the coating chamber. A door provides ingress to and egress from the coating chamber which is provided with vertically disposed arrays of spray discharging nozzles situated at spaced apart points around the periphery of the chamber. A blower circulates air through the coating chamber to effect drying following the coating procedure and to aid in containment of excess spray. An air compressor supplies liquid for coating and compressed air for spraying the coating liquid to the nozzles situated within the coating chamber.
U.S. patent documents
Foreign patent documents
PCT Int'l Appl.
Other publications
Akins, F. J. and Marlowe, E., "Non-Carcinogenicity of Dihydroxyacetone by Skin Painting," Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology, 5: No. 5, pp. 349-351 (1984).
Federal Register, "Color Additive Dihydroxyacetone" 38: No. 148, p. 21615, Aug. 2, 1973.
Futterer, E., "Theory and Practice of Artificial Tanning: Literature and Patent Survey," Cosmetics and Perfumes, 88: No. 8, pp. 31-33 (1973).
Johnson, J. A. and Fusaro, R. M., "Persistence of Skin Color and Fluorescence after Treatment with Dihydroxyacetone," Dermatology 188: pp. 247 (1994).
Kurz, T., "Formulating Effective Self-Tanners with DHA," Cosmetics and Toiletries, 109: No. 11, starting p. 55 (1994).
Levy, S. B., "Dihydroxyacetone-Containing Sunless or Self-tanning Lotions," Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 27: No. 6, pp. 989-993 (1992).
"Spray Application Processes," BINKS training brochure TD49-2R-4, August, 1995, BINKS Manufacturing Company, Franklin, Ill.
A more complete understanding of the invention may be had by reference to the following Detailed Description when taken in conjunction with accompanied Drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the system for automatically coating the human body of the present invention comprising the minimum requirements thereof;
FIG. 3 is an illustration similar to FIG. 2 wherein the system of the present invention is further provided with containment apparatus;
FIG. 4 is an illustration similar to FIG. 3 wherein the system of the present invention is further provided with an air ventilation apparatus;
FIG. 5 is an illustration similar to FIG. 4 wherein the system of the present invention is further provided with collection apparatus for residual spray;
FIG. 6 is an illustration similar to FIG. 5 wherein the system of the present invention is further provided with apparatus to effect rotation of the human body being coated;
FIG. 7 is an illustration similar to FIG. 6 wherein the system of the present invention is further provided with multiple discharge nozzles;
FIG. 8 is an illustration similar to FIG. 5 wherein the system of the present invention is adapted to the coating of a selected part of the human body;
FIG. 9 is a front view of an apparatus useful in the practice of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a top view of the apparatus of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is an illustration of one of the spray columns of the apparatus of FIG. 9; and
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view illustrating the nozzle assemblies utilized in the spray columns of the apparatus of FIG. 9.
Referring now to the Drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1, the system for automatically coating the human body of the present invention may comprise an automated coating system for numerous types of formulations, including but not limited to the application of:
self-tanning formulations,
suntan lotions,
tanning accelerators,
sub-burn treatments,
insect repellants,
skin toners,
skin bleaches,
skin lighteners,
anti-microbial compositions,
nutriments or vitamins,
massage aides,
muscle relaxants,
skin treatment agents,
burn treatment agents,
decontamination agents,
wrinkle treatments or removers.
The first component of such a system is the chemical composition. The suitability of a composition for coating is strongly influenced by its viscosity, with the preferred viscosity being close to that of water (1 centipoise). Compositions with viscosities in the 1 to 10 centipoise range generally atomize well, and viscosities in the 10 to 100 range can be atomized, but the resulting spray is not as fine. Higher viscosities can be atomized, and will work, but the spray is not as fine. Most currently marketed compositions of the aforementioned applications can be made suitable for atomization either as is or with appropriate dilution.
By way of example, a more detailed description of functional compositions for use in practice of the invention will be based on artificial tanning compositions. Six such compositions are given in Compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Individuals skilled in this art can create other compositions.
Denatured Ethanol
Denature Ethanol
Commercial Sunless-
Tanning Lotion
Commercial Moisturizer
Citric acid
Commercial bath product
By way of example, a suitable commercial moisturizer would include Vaseline Brand Intensive Care Aloe and Naturals lotion (Chesebrough-Ponds, Greenwich, Conn.), and a suitable commercial bath product would include Vaseline Brand Intensive Care Foaming Creme Bath (Chesebrough-Ponds, Greenwich, Conn.). The bronzer is a combination of FD&C dyes that yield a golden brown color.
Commercial moisturizer
Commercial bath product
By way of example, a suitable commercial moisturizer would include Vaseline Brand Intensive Care aloe and Naturals lotion (Chesebrough-Ponds, Greenwich, Conn.), and a suitable commercial bath product would include Vaseline Brand Intensive Care Foaming Creme Bath (Chesebrough-Ponds, Greenwich, Conn.). The bronzer is a combination of FD&C dyes that yield a golden brown color.
By way of example, suitable commercial preparations include Coppertone� Oil-Free Sunless Tanner (Schering-Plough, Memphis, Tenn.), Neutrogena� Glow Sunless Tanning Lotion for Face and Body (Neutrogena, Los Angeles, Calif.), and Kroger� Sunless Tanning Cream (Kroger, Cincinnati, Ohio).
Compositions 1, 2 and 3 are greatly simplified versions of the formulations now on the market or reported in the past. This simplification is possible due to the use of the present invention for applying compositions to skin. These simplified compositions have several advantages over more complex formulations, including:
faster drying,
less potential inhibition of DHA efficacy,
less potential for irritation from chemical components (because there are fewer components),
less residue on the skin,
less expensive,
more environmentally friendly.
Compositions 4 and 5 illustrate how a commercial formulation not particularly well suited for atomization can be diluted, effectively atomized and uniformly coated on human skin. Similar dilutions of products representing the other aforementioned applications can be effectively atomized and coated on human skin.
There is no pH adjustment required for these compositions, although the pH can be adjusted to alter the hue of the resulting tan and to alter the dihydroxyacetone stability. The optimal tanning occurs with DHA at a pH of below 6.0, preferably with the solution at pH 3.0 to 4.0. Unbuffered DHA has a pH of about 5.5. The pH on the surface of human skin is also about 5.5. Nonetheless, these formulations can be used over a wide pH range, and buffers or pH adjusters can be added.
A preferred colorant is DHA. DHA is available from Rona (Hawthorne, N.Y.). It is effective, safe, and approved by the FDA for this application. The preferred DHA concentration is 0.5% to 20%, with a more preferred range of 3.0% to 15.0%, and a most preferred range of 5% to 12%.
Numerous other colorants can also be used. Those agents include, but are not limited to:
food coloring
Various dyes and UV blocking agents can be covalently linked to the colorant or can be mixed into the composition with the colorant.
Bronzers can also be used in combination with or as an alternative to DHA. Bronzers which can be used include, but are not limited to, lawsone and juglone. Combinations of DHA and bronzers can also be used, and can be used to modify the resulting color (hue) and intensity of the tan. The preferred range for lawsone, juglone, and FD&C dyes is 0.5% to 10.0% with the more preferred range of 1.0% to 5.0%.
Composition 6 is an example of a formulation containing only bronzers (no DHA). The preferred range of FD&C dyes in commercially formulated liquid form (e.g., food coloring by Adams Extract Co., Austin, Tex.) is 1 to 50%, with a more preferred range of 4 to 12%. Ethoxydiglycol is added to enhance the penetration of the dyes into the skin, to reduce transfer to clothing, and to assist in the stabilization of the formulation. The preferred ethoxydiglycol range is 1 to 20%, with a more preferred range of 2 to 10%.
Alcohol can be added to the composition to accelerate the rate of drying. Denatured ethanol (USP grade, commodity chemical) works well in this capacity. The preferred range for alcohol concentration is from 1.0% to 50.0%, with a more preferred range from 10.0% to 30.0%, and a most preferred concentration of 20.0%.
Other potential additives include:
pH adjusters,
anti-caking agents,
ingredients to alter the color reaction.
It typically requires about 100 ml of a 5.0% DHA composition to obtain a medium to dark tan over an entire adult body (about 2 square meters of skin). A single application of about 250 ml of a 9% dihydroxyacetone composition over an entire adult human body will result in a very dark tan. The exact amount of dihydroxyacetone required depends on the skin type and intensity of tan desired. The tan can last for about 2 to 7 days, but usually lasts for 3 to 4 days. Multiple applications will darken the tan.
The second component of the invention is the atomization of the composition. The required atomization can be obtained by a host of ways, most of which involve passing the composition through an orifice under pressure. Methods now used to atomize solutions include the use of the following systems:
air atomization
siphon feed
gravity feed
pressure feed
internal atomization
external atomization
low pressure low volume
high volume low pressure
airless atomization
pressurized through small orifices
air-assisted heated
using charged particles
heated charged particles
high speed rotational atomizers
These forms of atomization are the basis for most methods of producing atomized sprays, including misting and nebulization.
Using a single airless sprayer with a tip orifice of 0.6 mm, with a circular spray pattern of 12 inches at 12 inches from the tip, and with a flow rate of approximately 400 ml/min. the entire body (excluding the bottom of the feet) of an average-sized person can be coated with solution in 5 to 15 seconds. In practice, the underside of the feet usually get slightly tanned also from exposure to small quantities of residual artificial tanning composition on the floor of application area. The use of a single airless sprayer to apply a composition to human skin is illustrated in FIG. 2. In this figure and subsequent figures, 11 designates the orifice for atomization of the composition, 12 designates the atomized spray, and 13 designates the subject being sprayed. In this configuration, an operator must direct the flow of the spray. The configuration illustrated in FIG. 2 would also work for any of the other atomization methods aforementioned, and for any of the applications aforementioned. The preferred atomization method is the pressure-fee air-atomization system, with an internal or external atomization configuration.
For a person to be coated as illustrated in FIG. 2 with an artificial tanning composition (or any composition of the applications aforementioned), several precautions should be taken. First, the person should hold their breath during the application and during the time required for the spray to clear. If this process is done in an open area, the coating should take about 5 to 15 seconds and the clearing of residues should take 1 to 10 seconds. Thus, the person would need to hold their breath for 6 to 25 seconds. Alternatively, they could wear a filter over their mouth, have a filter inside of their mouth, or use a breathing tube. They can also wear nose plugs or filters. Second, the eyes should be protected even though most of these formulations are not likely to injure the eye. The simplest and most effective protection is to keep the eyes closed. Goggles or patches also work well, although they leave uncoated areas that must be subsequently coated manually. Next, precautions need to be taken if one wants to avoid the exposure of scalp hair. Scalp hair can be protected with a shower cap or any other similar protective covering impervious to the coating compositions. Also, hair can be coated with a water insoluble material such as petroleum jelly. Similar protection can be used to protect hair on any other parts of the body. Next, if atomization is from a single source, it is recommended that the person being coated turn while being coated, or that the coating apparatus be moved around the person being coated, or there be a combination of these movements. Finally, care must be taken that the nozzle remain at least several inches from the person being coated to prevent any possible injection of composition into the person. Generally, spray injection occurs at pressures greater than 500 psi with the person actually contacting the atomization orifice. The pressures here are less than 80 psi, and more typically 10 to 40 psi, and the person being coated should be a foot or more from the orifice.
The issue of what to wear during coating is usually of great concern to the person being coated. In the case of coating with artificial tanning solution, the selection of what to wear is a matter of preference for the person being coated. The subject can be coated nude, with underwear, with a bikini or a bathing suit, or with some form of pasties covering their private parts.
The third component of the invention is containment of the spray. Containment is illustrated in FIG. 3. In this figure and subsequent FIGS. 14 and 15 designate side panels and 16 and 17 designate the top and bottom panels, respectively. This type of containment is similar to the containment of spray paint using paint booths in automobile refinishing. Alternatively, spray containment can be obtained using electrostatic forces, where the atomized spray is charged and the residual charged spray is removed by activating charged collection plates. Of course, precautions must be taken so that the person being sprayed and the operator are isolated from the charged plates.
Containment of the spray is very important for several reasons. These reasons include but are not limited to:
reducing waste,
avoiding spray getting onto and staining items in the immediate surroundings,
facilitating capture and recovery processes,
better control of air flow,
better control of temperature and humidity.
This type containment facilitates the use of this invention in enclosed areas such as stores or medical facilities.
Control of air and spray flow is very important to the quality of the skin coating. It is highly preferable to have an exhaust fan drawing the spray towards the person being coated, and the residual composition out of the booth. In FIG. 4 is shown the addition of an exhaust fan 18. The fan offers several significant advantages to the invention. These advantages include but are not limited to:
better control of air flow
shorter exposure to residue spray, requiring less time to hold breath or breathe through filter or air line
faster drying of the coated composition on skin
better quality coating
The fan 18 should have a flow of 10 to 5000 cubic feet per minute per square foot of opening, preferably 50 to 1000 cubic feet per minute per square foot, and most preferably 100 to 400 cubic feet per minute per square foot. At flow rates of below 100 cubic feet per minute per square foot, the air movement is sufficient to guide the atomized spray through the containment area. At flow rates of 100 to 400 cubic feet per minute per square foot, the atomized spray is being actively drawn through the containment area and the application and drying process is enhanced. At rates above 400 cubic feet per minute per square foot, the atomized spray is being accelerated and the exhaust flow plays a much more prominent role in the application process. The flow rate of the air through the containment area is therefore a major parameter which can be varied to modify the characteristics of the coating of the artificial tanning composition to the skin. The drying time for the composition deposited on skin is also effected by flow rate, with drying time decreasing as flow rates increase. At rates above 100 cubic feet per minute per square foot, the drying time (to the point of no transfer to other surfaces upon contact) is less than 5 minutes.
At any flow rate above 10 cubic feet per minute per square foot, the residual atomized spray is completely removed from the containment area within one second. This rapid removal is important to minimize the time the person being tanned is exposed to spray and has the potential to inhale this spray. In the absence of this air flow, the residual spray lingers in the area for several minutes, and traces can be detected hours later. This vigorous flow also protects any individuals or operators near the atomizing orifices from back spray.
The final element of this invention is recovery, or filtering, of residual composition. This feature greatly enhances the utility of the invention because it allows the system to be self-contained in an indoor environment and promotes a more environmentally friendly process. Without a recovery system, there is a potential for the exhausted residue to stain anything it contacts. Also, there could be an accumulation of residue with time. One configuration of the recovery system is shown in FIG. 5. In this figure and subsequent figures, the recovery system or filter is denoted as 19. Recovery of both particulates and solvents is possible. Potential filters include a high-efficiency filter such as Binks' (Franklin Park, Ill.) Paint Pockets or Columbus Industries' (Ashville, Ohio) High-Capacity Supra Mini-Mesh, a form of a carbon filter, a water-wash filter, or an exchange-type resin. The efficiency of particulate and solvent removal should be greater than 99%. As an alternative to high-efficiency filtering, the spray residuals could be vented to the outside environment.
Additional features adding to the utility of the invention are shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. In FIG. 6 there is shown the addition of a motorized turntable 20. This turntable 20 will rotate the person being coated, eliminating rotation by the individual as a possible source of error or problems. It also is a major convenience for the person being coated. The preferred rate of rotation is in the range of 1 to 60 rpm, with a more preferred range of 5 to 20 rpm, with a most preferred rate of rotation of 12 rpm.
In FIG. 7 there is shown the use of multiple atomizing orifices. The use of multiple orifices facilitates the automation of this process, and reduces operator effort and potential error. It also reduces the time required to fully coat an individual. The typical round spray pattern is about 12 inches wide at 8 to 12 inches from the orifices, so a preferred spacing of multiple orifices will be 8 to 12 inches apart, but could be positioned from 1 to 48 inches apart. Fan patterns from wide-angle nozzles at 18 inches are typically 24 inches long and 9 inches wide. Using the preferred configuration, an individual can be coated in 5 seconds or less. In FIG. 7, the orifices are aligned in a vertical pattern. The coverage of more area at one time could also be obtained by rapidly moving one or more orifices along a track or by rapidly altering the angle of the orifice. Other patterns are possible, including combinations of vertical and horizontally aligned orifices. Orifices could also be aligned radially, with the subject being sprayed with orifices aligned from 0 to 360�. Another alignment is a horizontal ring containing orifices that surround the body. By vertically raising and lowering the horizontal ring, the entire body or selected parts of the body could be coated.
In an open environment, such as a beach or a park, a modified version of configuration illustrated in FIG. 7 could be used to rapidly coat an individual. It would even be possible to have a walk-through coating system. An atomized spray could be produced from multiple nozzles arranged in a single line (as shown in FIG. 7), in two single lines facing one another and about 36 to about 48 inches apart, or multiple lines of nozzles. The preferred configuration is multiple lines, with 4 lines being adequate. The atomized spray results in an area of intense atomized solution, which would coat an individual standing in that area. The residual spray would then be dissipated into the surrounding environment. A fan could be used to accelerate the removal of the residuals from the coating area.
FIG. 8 illustrates how the system of the present invention can be used to tan a selected part of the body. In this case, just the face is being tanned. In this figure the bottom panel of the apparatus 22 contains an opening through which one can insert his or her head. The top panel 23 is arched. The high-efficiency filter is 19. The fan and back panel is 15. Alternately, the setup as shown in FIGS. 2-7 could be used to tan only a select part of the body by protecting the area not desired to be tanned with appropriate barrier apparel or by screens between the atomized spray and the regions of the skin not to be coated. The barrier apparel could be any material impervious to the atomized coating composition. For example, materials appropriate for use with the aforementioned coating compositions include vinyl, polyurethane, and latex rubber. The screens can be sheets composed of any material impervious to the atomized artificial tanning compositions, including most metals or plastics. A preferred screening material is foam with an impervious aluminum foil backing. The foam is aligned with the backing away from the atomizing orifice. The foam is preferred because it absorbs much of the atomized spray, reducing back deflection.
FIGS. 9, 10, 11, and 12 illustrate an apparatus which may be utilized in the practice of the invention. The apparatus 30 comprises a unitary construction which includes both a coating chamber 32 adapted to receive a person to be coated with a predetermined substance and various components utilized to effect spraying of the predetermined substance onto the person situated within the coating chamber 32.
The coating chamber 32 includes a door 34 which affords ingress to and egress from the coating chamber. The coating chamber 32 is further provided with a plurality of spray columns 32. As is best shown in FIG. 10, the spray columns 36 are located at spaced apart points around the periphery of the chamber 32. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the fact that neither the number nor the precise location of the spray columns 36 is critical to the practice of the invention, and that other spray column arrangements may be utilized in the practice of the invention, if desired.
The spray columns 36 are preferably supported for pivotal movement through predetermined arcs under the action of a pneumatic cylinder 38. In this manner the predetermined material is discharged from the spray columns 36 in such a way as to assure uniform coating of the predetermined material on a person situated within the spray chamber 32. The pneumatic cylinder 38 is connected to the pivoting mechanism of each of the spray columns 36 through a plurality of links 40.
Referring again to FIG. 9, further includes a blower 46 which directs a flow of air upwardly along an air guide 48 and then laterally along a top panel 50 into engagement with a plurality of baffles 52. The baffles 52 direct the air from the blower 46 downwardly through the coating chamber 32, whereby the flowing air effects drying of the sprayed material and aids in recovery of the sprayed material for reuse. From the coating chamber 32 the air is directed through a plurality of filters 54 and is returned to the blower 46.
The predetermined material which is to be coated onto a person situated within the coating chamber 32 is preferably provided in the form of a liquid which is received in a reservoir 60. The interior of the reservoir 60 is pressurized by compressed air which is received from an air compressor 62 through an air tank 64. Compressed air from the air compressor 62 in the tank 64 is also directed to an air tank 66 and to a manifold 68. The air tank 66 provides compressed air for operating the pneumatic cylinder (FIG. 10). The manifold 68 directs compressed air the spray columns 36.
Ideally, all of the liquid from the reservoir 60 which is discharged from the spray columns 36 would be received on the body of the person within the coating chamber 32. In actual practice, it is not possible to obtain 100% efficiency in the coating procedure. Excess liquid which is discharged from the spray columns moves downwardly under the action of gravity onto a drain ramp 72. A drain pump 74 receives the excess liquid through a suction pipe 76 and delivers it to an appropriate drain.
Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, each spray column 36 includes an inner tubular passageway 84 which receives liquid from the reservoir 60 under the action of compressed air supplied by the air compressor 62 through the tank 64 and an outer tubular passageway 86 which receives compressed air from the manifold 68. Each spray column 36 is provided with a plurality of nozzles 88. Each nozzle 88 receives compressed air from the outer tubular passageway 86 through a quick disconnect 90 and receives liquid from the inner tubular passageway 84 through a quick disconnect 92. A check valve 94 prevents reverse flow of liquid back through the quick disconnect 92.
Preferred Formula
The preferred formula is a combination of water, dihydroxyacetone, bronzer, moisturizer, surfactant, and penetration enhancer. The formula is:
cosmetic colorant
ethoxy diglycol
penetration enhancer
film former, viscosity
moisturizer lotion**
commercial bath
citric acid
pH adjustment
0.1% to 1.0%
*By way of example, a suitable bronzer would be a combination of the following food dyes provided by Adams Extract Company, Austin Texas: 4 parts red, 2 parts yellow, 1 part green, and 3 parts purple.
**By way of example, a suitable commercial moisturizer lotion includes Vaseline Intensive Care Lotion (Aloe Vera Triple Action Formula, Chesebrough-Ponds, Greenwich, CT).
***By way of example, a suitable commercial bath product includes Vaseline Intensive Care Foaming Cr�me Bath (Chesebrough-Ponds, Greenwich, CT).
Foot Shields
The feet are one of the most difficult parts of the body to coat uniformly. This difficulty is due in large part to the irregular structure of feet. Also, the downward motion of the atomized mist, both by gravity and from air currents, tends to cause the mist to settle on the tops of the feet. Therefore, the feet are provided with shields to assure a more uniform coating of the feet. The shields may take the form of a large, bottomless shoe. The shields produce a silhouette effect from the top of the feet to the toes. Holes and openings are provided in the shields which are located 0.25 to 2 inches from the feet, allowing the mist to result in a silhouette effect rather that defined lines
Air Shield to Deflect Air Away From the Feet
To reduce the amount of mist settling on the feet, a plastic shield shaped like a FIG. 8 is placed between the fleximat flooring the user stands on and the metal grating supporting the fleximat. Dimensions of the figure eight are two 18 inch diameter overlapping circles with a total width of 26 inches. The total width can vary from 18 inches to 36 inches, and the circle diameters can vary from 12 inches to 20 inches.
Toweling Buffing After Coating
After coating it is advantageous to use a towel rub to buff over the entire body to yield a more uniform coating and to remove any areas of excess. The toweling yields a more cosmetically pleasing result and reduces transfer to clothing. It is preferred to towel using long, light strokes. A cotton bath towel 16 inches by 32 inches may be used. The towel could vary from a hand cloth (8″�8″) to a large beach towel (18″�48″). Care must be taken not to rub so hard or too much as to rub off the coating (or tan). Basically, the weight of the preferred towel is adequate, without additional pressure.
Stance During Coating
The stance using during the coating is important. After trial and evaluation of numerous methods, it has been discovered that the "ballerina stance" seems to work best. Key elements of the stance are:
hands over the head
preferred 2 inches
lower limit—hands touching head
upper limit—arms extended fully up
hands parallel to the floor
hands could be, but not recommended to be, perpendicular to
floor in a praying stance, or facing downwardly
feet separated about 12 inches
to allow mist to coat inside of legs
feet are flat on flooring
use of feet shields as described above
Hair Net
Although the above-described self-tanning solution does not turn hair orange, it may accumulate on hair. To avoid this accumulation, the user can wear a hair net or bouffant. Preferred compositions for the hair net include a cloth or plastic mesh or a continues plastic sheet.
Barrier Cream
It has been discovered that the commercial barrier cream produced by GoJo blocks the tanning solution from the skin. During the coating process, this lotion can be used to prevent tanning of specific areas, such as the palms of the hands.
High Efficiency Filter
The use of high efficiency filters to remove excess mist is important. Preferably, a Binks high-efficiency paint-pockets filter is used.
Recharging of Filter
It has been discovered that the tanning solution trapped in the filter can be removed with a water rinse. The solution, which is water soluble, is flushed out using water that is back-washed (water applied to the top surface opposite of the surface facing the solution) or water, preferably under moderate (greater than 60 psi) pressure, that is hosed on the filtered surface.
Uniform Air Flow
Uniformity of air flow is very important to assure that the mist continues to be applied uniformly over the body even after the pressurized spray stops. Air flow parameters are, in the downward motion:
most preferred
100 cfm
next preferred
50 cfm to 200 cfm
next preferred
25 cfm to 300 cfm
Warming of Air
Atomization of liquids as done here by the nozzles results in a significant reduction in liquid temperature (as much as 20� F.). To keep the temperature to a warm, pleasant experience, four halogen lamps (250 watts each) can be added to the system to provide both illumination and heat. A coating chamber temperature of 80� F. to 110� F. is preferred, with 90� F. to 100� F. being more preferred. Other heating devices include infrared lamps and electrical heating elements.
A twenty year old female of type III skin tanned by this process. She first applied a heart shaped sticker on her right arm. She covered her hair with a nylon mesh hair net and applied barrier cream over the palms of her hands. She tanned in the coating chamber. The formula above was coated for 7 seconds. About 300 grams of solution was applied during such time. There was a subsequent 7 second period in which the mist was circulated in the booth. The residual mist was removed from the booth and the subject dried for about 45 seconds. The subject then removed any excess lotion with a towel. The final result was that the subject was 1 to 2 shades darker after tanning. This difference was especially apparent when comparing the area under the sticker with the area with no sticker. The initial color was mainly from the bronzer, and is a deep brown color. Color was much more intense the next day, when the color was at least two shades darker than before tanning. After the subject showered, the intensity was dropped to about 1 shade darker than prior to tanning. This color, which was mainly from the dihydroxyacetone, was golden-brown. The color persisted about 1 shade darker for 3-4 days, and noticeable color was present for 7 days.
A forty seven year old male with type II skin tanned by this process. He first applied a heart shaped sticker on his right arm. He covered his hair with a nylon mesh hair net and applied barrier cream over the palms of his hands and the bottoms of his feet. He tanned in the coating chamber. The formula above was coated for 7 seconds. About 300 grams of solution was applied during time. There was a subsequent 7 second period in which the mist was circulated in the booth. The residual mist was removed from the booth and the subject dried for about 45 seconds. The subject then removed any excess lotion with a towel. The final result was that the subject was about 1 shade darker after tanning. This difference was especially apparent when comparing the area under the sticker with the area with no sticker. The initial color was mainly from the bronzer, and is a deep brown color. Color was much more intense the next day, when the color was one to two shades darker than before tanning. After the subject showered, the intensity was dropped to about 1 shade darker than prior to tanning. This color, which was mainly from the dihydroxyacetone, was golden-brown. The subject repeated the tanning process again later the second day. This time, the initial tan from the combination of previous tan and new bronzer was about 2 shades darker than before. Even after showering the next day, the tan was about two shades darker than prior to initially tanning. The color persisted about 2 shade darker for 3-4 days, and noticeable color was present for 10 days.
A 24 year old female with type II skin tanned as described in examples 1 and 2 for five consecutive days. The results were a highly uniform, very dark tan. Her skin color was about 3 shades darker by the end of the week. The color was golden brown. The color remained 2 to 3 shades darker for about 4 days, and some color (about 1 shade) was observed after 7 days.
Hair is Not Turned Orange
Self-tanning lotions have been reported to turn body hair orange. The formulation and application of the present invention do not cause the hair to turn orange. First, the formulation does not penetrate the hair, but rather beads up on it. Next, it is applied in a very thin coat. The net result is that the hair does not turn orange.
Produces a Very Uniform Tan
The present invention facilitates the application of a thin, uniform film over the entire body. Consequently, the resulting coating and tan is far superior to manual application methods.
Bronzer Tends to Last Longer Than Expected
The bronzer provides immediate color and a method for observing the uniformity of the tan. The uniformity of the bronzer application is greatly enhance because it is applied in a uniform thin film and its substantivity is enhanced because of deeper penetration into skin with the presence of a penetration enhancer.
Use of Ethoxy Diglycol as a Penetration Enhancer Makes the Tan Last Longer and More Uniform
With the use of ethoxy diglycol, the duration of uniform intense tan has increase from an average of about 2 days to an average of about 4 days, and some color persists for up to 14 days.
Although preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the Drawings and described in the Detailed Description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous modifications and rearrangements of parts and elements without departing from the spirit of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 8, 1907
|Nov 12, 1907
|James B Eaton
|Apparatus for treating cattle.
|Jul 5, 1917
|Apr 16, 1918
|John F Class
|Medicinal-vapor generator.
|Oct 29, 1931
|Nov 27, 1934
|Frank Paul
|Apparatus for applying treatment media to the living body
|Feb 1, 1952
|Jan 25, 1955
|Ivory Harry S
|Treatment chamber apparatus
|Feb 9, 1960
|Aug 16, 1960
|Dihydroxyacetone compositions for tanning the human epidermis
|Nov 8, 1973
|Mar 4, 1975
|Kato Yoshio
|Body treating apparatus
|May 8, 1974
|Jan 13, 1976
|Binks Manufacturing Company
|Spray booth
|Jan 26, 1979
|Nov 4, 1980
|Alain Domicent
|Painting booth
|Apr 16, 1986
|Jun 7, 1988
|Utzinger Gustav E
|Liquid-spraying system
|Dec 9, 1986
|May 23, 1989
|Composition for coloring skin
|May 27, 1988
|Feb 18, 1992
|Shiseido Company Ltd.
|Cosmetic containing fine soft microcapsules
|Oct 12, 1990
|Apr 7, 1992
|Polyaminoamides which filter ultraviolet radiation, process for their preparation and their use in the protection of the skin and hair
|Oct 30, 1989
|Oct 6, 1992
|Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Inc.
|Polymer mixtures useful in skin care
|Jul 9, 1992
|Dec 7, 1993
|Elizabeth Arden Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc.
|Cosmetic application system
|Sep 18, 1992
|Dec 28, 1993
|Huffstutler Randall L
|Portable cooling device
|Dec 6, 1993
|Oct 24, 1995
|Mcclain; Edward T.
|Apparatus for applying suntanning lotion
|Oct 20, 1995
|Sep 9, 1997
|Mcclain; Edward T.
|Apparatus for applying suntanning lotion mist
|Oct 8, 1997
|Jul 13, 1999
|Laughlin Products, Inc.
|System for automatically coating the human body
|Apr 19, 1999
|Mar 13, 2001
|Laughlin Products, Inc.
|Method of and apparatus for automatically coating the human body
|Nov 22, 1993
|Jun 9, 1994
|Estee Lauder, Inc.
|Self-tanning cosmetic compositions and methods of using the same
|Color Additives: Dihydroxyaceton, Federal Register, 38: No. 148, p. 20615, Aug. 2, 1973.
|Dihydroxyacetone-containing sunless or self-tanning lotions, Stanley B. Levy, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 27: No. 6, pp. 989-993, 1992.
|Formulating Effective Self-Tanners with DHA, T. Kurz, Cosmetics and Toiletries, 109: No. 11, pp. 55-60, 1994.
|Non-Carcinogenicity of Dihydroxyaceton by Skin Painting, Frank J. Akin and Edward Marlowe, Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology, 5:No. 5, pp. 349-351, 1984.
|Persistence of Skin Color and Fluorescence after Treatment with Dihydroxyaceton, J.A. Johnson & R.M. Fusaro, Dermatology 188: pp. 247, 1994.
|Spray Application Processes, Binks Training Division, TD49-2R-4, Aug. 1995.
|Theory & Practice of Artificial Tanning Literature & Patent Survey, E. Futterer, Cosmetics and perfumes, 88: No. 8, pp. 31-33, 1973.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 2, 2004
|May 26, 2009
|Safe Tan
|Chemically tanning human skin
|Oct 12, 2004
|Apr 20, 2010
|Brandon Shaw
|Chemically tanning human skin
|Apr 23, 2009
|Mar 20, 2012
|Safe Tan
|Chemically tanning human skin
|Jul 15, 2010
|Oct 1, 2013
|Sunless, Inc.
|Automatic body spray system excess liquid removal
|Dec 4, 2006
|Dec 3, 2013
|Gerald Hipperson
|Lotion application compartment
|Nov 23, 2009
|Dec 30, 2014
|Sunless, Inc.
|Container for system for spray coating human subject
|Feb 1, 2012
|Aug 9, 2016
|Safe Tan, Llc
|Chemically tanning human skin
|Oct 12, 2004
|Mar 3, 2005
|Brandon Shaw
|Chemically tanning human skin
|Sep 2, 2004
|May 26, 2005
|Drew Waters
|Chemically tanning human skin
|Jun 14, 2005
|Dec 22, 2005
|Innovative Developments, Llc
|Fluid spraying system
|Jun 23, 2006
|Feb 22, 2007
|Isaac Thomas
|Sunless tanning compositions
|Apr 23, 2009
|Aug 27, 2009
|Drew Waters
|Chemically tanning human skin
|Nov 23, 2009
|May 20, 2010
|Mt Industries, Inc.
|Container for system for spray coating human subject
|Nov 23, 2009
|May 27, 2010
|Mt Industries, Inc.
|Spray coating at least one portion of a subject
|Jul 15, 2010
|Nov 18, 2010
|Mt Industries Inc.
|Automatic body spray system excess liquid removal
|U.S. Classification
|132/200, 424/59, 132/333, 424/401
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 12, 2005
|Certificate of correction
|Feb 29, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 5, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 8, 2016
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 31, 2016
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 18, 2016
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20160831


text:
Cricketainment: Gayle has become even more dangerous
CNN-IBN's cricket experts review Royal Challengers Bangalore's easy win against Mumbai Indians in IPL 5 on Wednesday.May 9, 2012, 11:57 pm explore: Cricketnext
No resolution in Sahara-BCCI stand-off
Sahara accused BCCI of a breach of trust after being told no exception would be made.February 13, 2012, 4:04 pm explore: Cricketnext
BCCI terminates Kochi from IPL
BCCI terminated the contract of Kochi Tuskers for non-payment of bank guarantee.September 19, 2011, 4:59 pm explore: Cricketnext
It was payback time for me to Sourav: Yuvi
Yuvraj also mentioned that Ganguly doesn't need to prove anything to anybody after playing for so many years.June 22, 2011, 4:46 pm explore: Cricketnext
Mohali named 'Best IPL Pitch and Outfield'
The award carried a cash reward of Rs. 25 lakh.May 29, 2011, 10:02 pm explore: Cricketnext
Kapil, Gavaskar differ on club vs country row
Kapil Dev and Sunil Gavaskar on Sunday differed on the club versus country debate in the wake of Gautam Gambhir injury controversy.May 29, 2011, 9:33 pm explore: Cricketnext
Cricketainment: an analytical view of IPL-4
CNN-IBN's panel of cricket experts talks about the highs and lows of IPL-4.May 29, 2011, 7:52 pm explore: Cricketnext
Dhoni enjoys CL football final after IPL win
Dhoni and Sakshi joined the CSK party after the Champions League final got over.May 29, 2011, 7:36 pm explore: Cricketnext
Never got this much love back home: Gayle
Chris Gayle said he never gets this appreciation when he plays for the West Indies.May 29, 2011, 7:34 pm explore: Cricketnext
Domestic players continue to shine in IPL
Valthay, with 463 runs from 14 matches, ended up as the sixth-highest run-getter despite being inconsistent.May 29, 2011, 6:54 pm explore: Cricketnext
Country or club is players' choice: Kapil
"In my time, we used to play for 6-7 months but now they play almost all the year round."May 29, 2011, 6:15 pm explore: Cricketnext
Mrs. Dhoni enjoys cricket, not attention
Just like Dhoni's personal life has been aloof since his onset, his wife appears to be just as guarded.Bernard Shaw, May 29, 2011, 5:56 pm explore: Cricketnext
IPL-4 final gets more TRP than last year
In IPL-4, 10 teams played 74 games over 50 days and CSK retained the title by beating RCB in the final.May 29, 2011, 5:33 pm explore: Cricketnext
IPL-4 life changing, says Chris Gayle
"Some things just happen and change your life; this was one of those. I must thank the whole team."May 29, 2011, 1:27 am explore: Cricketnext
200-plus target was too much, says Vettori
"I think 200-plus was tough for us; 160-170 would have been chaseable," Vettori said.May 29, 2011, 1:19 am explore: Cricketnext
Live TV
27 May, 2017 | South Africa in England ENG vs SA 330/650.0 overs 328/550.0 oversEngland beat South Africa by 2 runs
27 May, 2017 | ICC Champions Trophy Warm-up Matches BAN vs PAK 341/950.0 overs 342/849.3 oversPakistan beat Bangladesh by 2 wickets
26 May, 2017 | ICC Champions Trophy Warm-up Matches SL vs AUS 318/750.0 overs 319/849.4 oversAustralia beat Sri Lanka by 2 wickets
24 May, 2017 | South Africa in England ENG vs SA 339/650.0 overs 267/1045.0 oversEngland beat South Africa by 72 runs
24 May, 2017 | Ireland Tri-Nation Series NZ vs BAN 270/850.0 overs 271/548.2 oversBangladesh beat New Zealand by 5 wickets

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cleaning a porcelain tub
Ok I am back with another problem!! I have a porcelain tub that I took up some of those grip sticker out of. Now I can see the real color of the tub and I am trying to get it back to that color. We tried a lot so far so I will list what we tried on it!! Kaboom for tub and tiles, Bleach, Mold remover, Comet, and some type of bubble spray. None of these worked and I was wondering if anyone knew of some good stuff to try!! Open to just about anything, except replacing the tub!!!! Thanks!!
Those sticker removed probably were on the tub for a really long time. I am guessing the finish outside the area without the stickers is some what dull and faded. This is because it was exposed and worn. You most likely won't be able to clean the tub to match the finish left under them. The tub can be refinished professionally, or there are epoxy paint kits (can work good if used carefully and you find a good way to spray it) or there are company that will come out and make a slip in liner to give it a new fish. If you wanted to try things -- ether find a way to dull the finish under the old stickers or shine up the rest of the tub. Or you could always put new (slightly larger) stickers down. I can't be sure that is what happened but it is what commonly happens.
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text:
Giorgio Armani #517 Rouge d'Armani Lipstick
Giorgio Armani #517 Rouge d'Armani Lipstick
Giorgio Rouge d'Armani Lipstick: 517
Giorgio Armani #517 Rouge d'Armani Lipstick ($30.00 for 0.14 oz.) is a brightened, dark fuchsia with semi-opaque color coverage and fuchsia and pink micro-shimmer. I love that it's fuchsia but still very much a pink, too; it's not so fuchsia that it leans purple or violet. Most of the shades I've tried from the Rouge d'Armani lipstick line have been opaque but this is short of being full color coverage.
my thoughts on the formula: The formula itself is moisturizing, long-wearing (six to eight hours), and comfortable to wear. It's not clingy nor heavy, and there's enough slip to give it that creamy look where the color nearly melts against your lips. Rouge d'Armani Lipsticks are also scent- and taste-free (and no waxy scent, either!). It comes in a sleek, glossy black case with a magnetic enclosure to ensure your lipstick is closed at all times.
If you want to know more about how products are evaluated, read out Rating System FAQ! 🙂
- Product: 28/30
- Value: 8/10
- Ease of Use: 4/5
- Packaging: 4/5
final thoughts: This is a shade that should work on a variety of skin tones, because deeper pinks can add a lot to a look, and because it doesn't lean too cool, work well on warmer skin tones, too.
where to buy: Nordstrom


text:
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Progress, The (Newspaper) - September 30, 1966, Clearfield, Pennsylvania Today's OiuckU tirli arc getting men's then, they al- have. THE PROGRESS Reader's Tip For the latest on the baseball and football scene, turn to Pages 12 and 13. Vol. 60 No. 231 Our 56th Year CUarfield, Curwensville, Philipsburg, Mothcmnon Valley, Pa., Friday, September 19e6 Copies Daily 20 PAGES TODAY Police Say Yount Confessed to Killing Eastern Cuba Hit By Storm Possible Human Tragedy Feared In Haitian Valley By BEN FUNK MIAMI, Fla. Inez screamed into eastern Cuba today with 127-mile an hour fury, and in her wet, gloomy wake a blackout of communications concealed a possible human tragedy in Hai- ti's "Valley of Death." "I don't see how Haiti could have escaped a said Gordon Dunn, chief of the Mi- ami Hurricane Center. Weakened in her Titanic bat- tle with the mountains of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, Inez had regained much of her ferocity in the water crossing to Cuba. The U.S. Navy base at Guan- tanamo Bay was hammered by sustained winds of 127-miles-an- hour velocity as the great storm crossed the coast of Cuba's Oriente Province, and Fidel Castro's struggling economy faced a disastrous blow. Haiti's "Valley of Death" is a deep trough between moun- tain ranges, reached from the Please Turn to Page 8, Col. 1 One-Two Punch Hurled at Reds ByU.S.B52s By ROBERT TUCKMAN SAIGON, South Viet Nam (AP) B52 bombers delivered a one-two punch today 'in two raids against North Vietnamese forces fighting U.S. Marines just south of the demilitarized zone. The B52s unloaded tons of bombs on infiltration routes, and supply and assembly areas for the Communists fighting on the southern edge of the zone dividing North and South Viet Nam. One raid hit 20 miles south- west of Dong Ha, now a major base for Marines battling North Viet Nam's 324B division in Op- eration Prairie. The other bombing attack was made 18 miles northwest of Dong Ha. The two raids came less than 12 hours after Marine artillery, mortars and napalm rained down on a Communist com- mand post in a valley a mile and a half below the demilitar- ized zone. The Marines occupied the post and found 51 North Vietnamese bodies. U.S. forces in Viet Nam rose to today with the arrival of more men most of MOVING UPWARD Clearfield Area United Fund campaign leaders paint in new standing of the drive yesterday following a report luncheon. Total pledg- ed now stands at 43 per cent of the goal. Handling the chore are Ralph J. Kane, at left, campaign vice-chairman, and John H. Jackson, chair- man. At lower right is David Gallaher, the Clearfield YMCA, who spoke at the luncheon. (Progress Photo) At 43 Per Cent of Coal... Clearfield United Fund Campaign Totals Pledges and cash contributions totalling were turned in at the first re- port luncheon meeting of the Clearfield Area United Fund yesterday, boosting the overall total to The represents 43 per cent of the campaign goal of tought for the 13 agencies and four health causes supported by the United Fund. Although they had been hopeful that yesterday's reports would push the total past the 50 per cent mark, Chairman John H. Jackson and Vice Chairman Ralph J. Kane expressed satisfaction with the progress of the drive. They noted that solicitation is just getting under way in some divisions and that none of the divisions have completed their work even though sev- D M eml we" thc 50 Denoter nouse KOII merger toward their goals. Still Disagree On Hearings Set Reserve Caff up For Ocf. 31 Please Turn to Page 8, Col. 4 WASHINGTON The Senate and House still don't agree on how much additional Bradford Coal Co. Gets Time Extension HARRISBURG (AP) The Bradford Coal Co. of Bigler, Clearfield County, was granted 60 additional days by the State Air Pollution Commission today to take pollution control meas- ures. The commission gave the com- pany until Nov. 25 to install control devices, including an over-the-highway coal conveyor. have to call up military re serves. Their dispute sent the lion defense appropriation bill Pageant Slated Jo Pick County's '66 Junior Miss What is a Junior Miss? A combination of scholastic abili- ty, talent, character and aware- ness of the world around her. Clearfield County's Junior Miss will be one of 15 contest- ants with her selection to be made Saturday, Oct. 8, at the Junior Miss Pageant in the Clearfield Senior High auditor- ium. Tickets for the event went on gale last week at Leitzingcr's Department Store (in Ladies Ready to Wear Brody's, Smith's Camera Shop, Bloom's Pharmacy and Rhine's Tobacco Store. It is being spon- sored by the Clearfield Jaycees who promise that the pageant will be one of the outstanding events of the fall season. Capsule biographies of the 15 contestants seniors at sev- eral of the county's high schools follow: Linda Boone, daughter of Mr, and Mrs. Harry Boone of Coalport and a student at Glen Turn to Page 18, 2 Coal Industry Has Philipsburg Man OAK RIDGE, Term. director of the Atomic Energy commission says that the coal industry has nothing to fear from the increased use and de- velopment of nuclear power plants. Rafforcl L. Faukner, director A Pnilipsburg motorist was inJured in one three traffic accidents yesterday in the Clear- field County-Moshannon Valley area. Damage totaled nearly headed by E. P. Dufton contrib- uting the automobile team headed by Paul R u c h and the services team headed by Clarence J. Pearson to the division total. There was no report yesterday from the food and restaurants team. The Education Division, head- ed by Elwood L. Rohrbaugh and Eldon Nelson added yesterday to boost its total to or 74 per cent of its goal of while the Major Gifts y A. L. Moore ,55 ,n all hare of he fuel FaulkneA comcmnts came diirinr a seminar on rm Sear power At the game li.ne, a meeting was under way at ChattTnooga where two nuclear power ages were unveiled including one destined for use If N ne Mile point, near Oswego, N Y on Lake Ontario. said ing east on Locust, failed to for at Seventh Wt tte Mr Both were demolished, pltCCdAe of "ld.the ofthe Simler ?l "c ifl one nMr residents for information they might have on him. The youth, David O'Shenic, Tr P. Leone, 507Vi E. 5th St., was last accounted for on Route X belween Punxsu- tawney' car he w" driv' when home wa f6und tbout mUes from Mahaffey earlier Urn week. In Monday Commissioners Meed Answers County Holds Off On Medicare Application The Clearfield County Commissioners at a special meeting yesterday afternoon decided to hold off for at least a year on making application to qualify the nursing care facilities at Clear Haven for Medicare. It isn't that they are against Medicare, but rather they feel there are too many things in program which they know nothing about and haven't been able to find answers. Board Chairman J. Harold MeFadden said: "I think we're pretty much agreed that Medicare is now a way of life but at the moment we have no idea how we as a Leaders United Behind Shapp, Democrats Told By VINCENT P. CAROCCI HARRISBURG (AP) Pennsylvania Democrats were told Thursday night that their leaders stand as one behind the candidacy of their gubernatorial nominee, Milton Shapp. "I am a Democrat and I want to see Milton Shapp elected governor of declared Sen. Robert P. Casey, the organization-backed candidate whom Shapp upset in a bitter primary last May. "Let us leave here tonight and dedicated to vic- he appealed to the party members who turned out at a fund raising dinner at the State Farm Show Arena. "If we put our shoulder to the wheel, you're going to come back here in January to see him inaugurated." __....._____ Beef and baked potatoes were higher education" for all qualf- on the menu, but peace and fied Pennsylvanians the main harmony was the message of- theme of Democrat Milton fered at the fund-raiser. Shapp's campaign for gover- Casey's remarks drew a spe- nor, is also the central plank of cial commendation from U.S. the platform adopted by the Sen. John O. Pastore, D-R.L, Democratic State Committee, the peppery keynote speaker at ftm rnrnmitreo eairi tho the 1964 Democratic National Convention and the featured per- would benefit from sonahty at the Farm Show gram> and that without it "If I were asked to designate -one' per WHS' 3ese'rved tfie Free Higher Education Key Platform Plank HARRISBRG (AP) Free county may benefit or lose by such a program." He added that he could not see how the county could turn over to federal and state man- dates "the only facility we have for the care of the aged without first knowing what all is in- volved." Minority Commissioner Wes- ley J. Read echoed his remarks saying he is highly in favor of the program's original intent to provide hospital care and services for the financially dis- tressed over age 65. However, he declared he would not want to see federal or state government controls over a facility which he said was "nearly wholly subsidized by taxpayers of the county." "Personally, I haven't enough he concluded. Commissioner A. W. Pearson sided with his counterparts say- ing: "I don't think they've got the bugs worked out of it. I think we should wait." The deadline for counties to apply and become eligible for the Medicare program is to- morrow. Under the program, the coun- ty would have to enter into a written agreement with hospi- tals serving Clearfield County whereby non ambulatory pa- tients would be referred by the hospital. The commissioners would have no control over who is admitted. At present, as Commissioner McFadden pointed out, t h e Please Turn to Page 8, Col. 3 to fied program of educa- remainder of this campaign." th., .j -m." "Oratory will not win your
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text: Over the last few days I have been in discussions with a company that is trying to recruit me. If I accept a position, I would have to relocate from Rochester to Albany. Are there any Albany residents on here that can offer some insight on what its like living in Albany, the good, the bad and anything else that you would like to share. In the end, going to make the decision that is best for me but I wanted to try and find out all I can from people who live/lived there.


text:
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SJ Slideshow III for SobiPro
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Urban Cowboy
Welcome to the big city, kid.
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text: Atlas: Oh. Ohhhh. Ohhhhhh man. I'm gonna die. Oh god. P-body: No! You can't die, remember! Plus the door is right there! We can escape this wretched place! Come on! Atlas: No, go on....without me! P-body: Well, okay, see you later then. Atlas: NOOOO I DIDN'T MEAN IT! COME BA-awww crap.


text:
Hi Everybody,
Today here in Israel is a noted day as the 19th Knesset is inaugurated.
The Knesset represents the will of the State of Israel – it is the expression of democracy of it's people.
It certainly has strengths and weaknesses… but one of the surprising things this election has been the record number of women representing their constituencies: 27.
Prime Minister Bibi Netanyahu, over the last four years, has not had a woman in his Security Cabinet, drawing some peoples ire.
Special interest groups have called for women to become integrated into the security-strategic discourse in the State of Israel
That may change now, as for a fact, 51% of the country is not represented in the most important forum in the country.
This matter, and others, will be part of the coalition negotiations Mr. Netanyahu must go forward with.
Mr. Netanyahu has until March 16th to form a government.
Of course his goal is to create a government that will bring together all parts of the nation together.
Netanyahu has continuously stated that his first priority is stopping the Iranian nuclear project.
He has softened that position somewhat, depending upon who his audience is, because of the success of Mr. Yair Lapid's Yesh Atid party and their largely social platform to lower the high cost of living this country suffers from.
The Israeli public's mandate was clear in that Netanyahu was delivered a serious political setback in the election results.
Today, those results now have a 'face' and a 'voice' in the 48 (out of 120) new members of the 19th Knesset of the State.
Brian Bush
Middle East Correspondent
LeSEA Broadcasting


text:
Amarillo: Faces, Places & Open Spaces HTML version
The downtown Amarillo skyline features buildings constructed from the 1920s like the historic Santa Fe Building, to the twenty-first century Globe News Center for the Performing Arts.
The Chase Tower, constructed in 1971 is the tallest building between Fort Worth and Denver, and Albuquerque and Oklahoma City.
First Edition
Copyright © 2012 HPNbooks
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without permission in writing
from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Historical Publishing Network, 11535 Galm Road, Suite 101, San Antonio, Texas, 78254. Phone (800) 749-9790.
Library of Congress Card Catalog Number: 2012934633
Amarillo: Faces, Places, and Open Spaces
Ralph Duke
Christine Wyly
Glenda Tarazon Krouse
contributing writer for sharing the heritage:
Joe Goodpasture
Historical Publishing Network
Ron Lammert
project manager:
Wynn Buck
Donna M. Mata
Melissa G. Quinn
book sales:
Dee Steidle
Colin Hart
Evelyn Hart
Omar Wright
Tony Quinn
AMARILLO - Faces, Places & Open Spaces


text:
Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Volume II: Descriptive Application
€ 38,99
Lieferbar innert 2 Wochen
August 1999
Beschreibung"The amount of data and the wealth of analyses presented is impressive. . . . Langacker has again succeeded in producing a very stimulating and coherent piece of work. And the material analyses offered deserve much more careful attention and reflection than is possible within the limits of a review."--Canadian Journal of Linguistics
InhaltsverzeichnisReview and introduction; Part I. Nominal Structure: 1. Nouns; 2. Nominals: functional organization; 3. Nominals: grounding and quantification; 4. Nominal Constructions; Part II. Clause Structure: 5. The auxiliary: clausal head; 6. The auxiliary: grounding; 7. Transitivity and grammatical relations; 8. Marked clause structure; 9. Ergativity and case; Part III. Beyond the Clause: 10. Complex sentences; 11. Further issues; 12. Theoritical discussion; Glossary; References; Index.
PortraitRonald W. Langacker is Professor of Linguistics at the University of California, San Diego. He is the author or editor of several books on linguistics.
Pressestimmen'It is impossible within the limits of a review to discuss, or even do justice to, the wealth of information and genuine insights that the book contains...Let us look forward to seeing the continuation of this promising approach to language. Langacker has written a highly stimulating first part; it will be exciting to see the sequel.'Canadian Journal of Linguistics
Untertitel: Revised. Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: STANFORD UNIV PR
Erscheinungsdatum: August 1999
Seitenanzahl: 628 Seiten
Format: kartoniert


text:
A new lens to look out for in 2013? The new Voigtländer 50mm f/1.5 Aspherical Nokton in m-mount!
Godfrey wrote:
The Nokton 50/1.5 (ltm) is my favorite lens on the M9, but it's a bit too tight on the GXR for me. The 40/1.4 works better.
My most used GXR trio is the V 21/4, 40/1.4, and M-Rokkor 90/4. When I'm doing the one lens fits all thing, the 28 comes in, usually the Color Skopar 28/3.5 but sometimes the Ultron f/2 (Prefer this one on the M9 too).
i like that Ultron 21/1.8 too. Maybe later in the year.-- hide signature --
I got my 50mm f/1.5 Nokton LTM from Adorama about a year ago. It was in mint condition and according to the serial number it seems to be the 15th lens off the assembly line, so it's probably more than a dozen years old. I don't abuse the lens, but I do use it a lot and have noticed that a lot of black paint is coming off of the focus and aperture rings. Are you also experiencing brassy on your lens?
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from Car wreck
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from Moss
|Yosemite Falls with Moonbow by Jonathan Shapiro
from Best Landscape of the Week 4


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All hotels in Soreze, France
1 room, 2 adults
Rue Lacordaire, Soreze, Tarn, 81540, France, 800-491-6126
Hotel Abbaye Ecole de Soreze, Soreze
Soreze hotel with indoor pool, restaurant
- Free WiFi and free parking
Main amenities
- 72 smoke-free guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Indoor pool
- Breakfast available
- Health club
- 18 meeting rooms
- 24-hour front desk
- Garden
- Conference space
- Multilingual staff
- Concierge services
- Free newspapers in the lobby
For families
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Garden
What's around
- Museum of Wood and Marquetry (3.4 mi / 5.5 km)
- Canal du Midi Museum and Gardens (3.9 mi / 6.2 km)
- Canal du Midi Museum and Garden (3.9 mi / 6.3 km)
- Sainte Scholastique Abbey (5.1 mi / 8.3 km)
- Abbey of Saint Benedict Calcat (5.6 mi / 9 km)
See all 30 Hotels.com reviews
Awesome vibe
Great amenities
Wellness Area
Wellness & sports facilities could be improved
Value for money
Value for money could be better
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 3.5
From 265 reviews
Hotel Abbaye Ecole de Soreze, Soreze
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $65
- Traditional Single Room
- Traditional Room
- Suite
- Superior Room
- Superior Single Room
- Suite (Single Occupancy)
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 72 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 1 floor
- Check-in time starts at 3 PM
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed *
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
In the hotel
Food and drink
- Buffet breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
Things to do
- Indoor pool
- Health club
- Sauna
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
Working away
- Number of meeting rooms - 18
- Conference space
- Meeting rooms
- Conference space size (feet) - 14375
- Conference space size (meters) - 1336
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Elevator/lift
- Garden
In the room
Home comforts
- Minibar
- Bathrobes
Sleep well
- Soundproofed rooms
Freshen up
- Private bathroom
- Bathtub or shower
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer (on request)
Be entertained
- Satellite TV channels
Stay connected
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Also popular with travelers from the USA
Special features
DiningLes Collets Rouges - This restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, dinner, and light fare. Guests can enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting).
Hotel Abbaye Ecole de Soreze, Soreze's small print
Also known as
- Abbaye Ecole
- Abbaye Ecole de Soreze
- Hotel Abbaye Ecole
- Hotel Abbaye Ecole de Soreze
- Hotel Abbaye Ecole Soreze
- Abbaye Ecole Soreze
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.88 per person, per night
Optional extras
Rollaway beds are available for EUR 20.00 per night
Buffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 14.00 for adults and EUR 6.00 for children (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 10 per pet, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
What's around Hotel Abbaye Ecole de Soreze, Soreze
- Museum of Wood and Marquetry (3.4 mi / 5.5 km)
- Canal du Midi Museum and Gardens (3.9 mi / 6.2 km)
- Canal du Midi Museum and Garden (3.9 mi / 6.3 km)
- Sainte Scholastique Abbey (5.1 mi / 8.3 km)
- Abbey of Saint Benedict Calcat (5.6 mi / 9 km)
Getting around
- Labruguiere Station 24-min drive
- Semalens Station 27-min drive
- Vielmur-sur-Agout Station 28-min drive
- Free self parking
- Castres (DCM-Mazamet) 31-min drive
- Carcassonne (CCF-Pays Cathare) 55-min drive
- Toulouse (TLS-Blagnac) 61-min drive
Recent reviews
Good 3.6 /5 from 30 reviews
Hotel Abbaye Ecole de Soreze, Soreze
It was a strange to stay. If you are looking for simplicity, solace, meditation, and walking around the grounds then this is your place to stay. The halls at night were dark. We felt that we were in the movie "The Shining". We stayed for one night at the beginning of September and it was hot, so we left the windows opened at night. They are no screens in the window or AC. In the middle of the night, we heard something flying around the room and they turned out to be 3 bats. Fortunately, they found their way out. The toilette was like being in an airplane - vaccum style system.
Hotel Abbaye Ecole de Soreze, Soreze
nice setting
bathroom plumbing very noisy and only lukewarm water for shower and bath. Spa/fitness facilities very basic and at a small extra charge
Hotel Abbaye Ecole de Soreze, Soreze
Wonderful location in a beautiful old building
Beautiful old building with splendid and vast gardens to walk through. Rooms were pleasant but there was no air conditioning and the room was particularly warm. The bathroom was a little small, but we had chosen the most basic room. The staff were very helpful and the spa facilities are numerous. Secure parking is available, but ask at the reception for the code. Would happily stay again.
Hotel Abbaye Ecole de Soreze, Soreze
Investment badly needed
Thus could be a wonderful hotel if a major refurbishment took place. The building is lovely, we upgraded to a suite which was large overlooking the courtyard but had major cracks in the walls and the front door frame was partly missing. It was poorly decorated with awful bathroom and the plumbing was very noisy, the noise when flushing the toilet nearly blew our heads off! The bed was very uncomfortable with poor quality bedding. We can't comment in the food as we decided against eating there after reading the poor reviews. There was a very nice restaurant a short distance away. It would take a vast amount of cash to turn this hotel into what it could be, it is a beautiful building in a lovely location, such a shame.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


text:
Follow Harriet on Twitter
About Harriet
- The Poetry Foundation's blog for poetry and related news.
- More about Harriet
- Contributors
- Archive
Kenneth Goldsmith Ain't No High-Paid Publicist
Wow Kenneth, you make your readings sound really unpleasant.
I love readings. Although maybe I wouldn't love yours? But I think I would.
Sometimes, during a reading, I just sit and write. All that swirling language inspires me or perhaps, more accurately, occupies one part of my brain and allows another to be open to making poems. I've written a lot of poems at readings. Sometimes I really, really listen. Sometimes I admire the reader's clothes or style (Cathy Wagner is HOT! Arielle Greenberg has this totally compelling reading thing she does: like a stance or a tone or a kind of come-hither thing, I can't explain it) or drunkenness or craziness. Sometimes I give myself over to the pleasure of being entertained. Sometimes I sit and indulge in petty jealousy or in a kind of "well at least I don't do THAT!" kind of thinking.
And readings are social events for me. Maybe what I'm saying is that I don't get out enough, but readings are where I see poets I know well or a little and run into old friends. Of course I'd often rather just stay home and watch TV, but almost every time I go to a reading I'm glad I made the effort. The relative silence around a human voice—I imagine it is why some people like to go to church.
Comments (2)
Lectures neaten thought too. Boredom obviously really blows, though.
The Hood Company
Hi Rachel,
I think Kenny is a bit of a con man when it comes to readings. If we were betting on pool, he'd be setting us up, and about to take our money.
He just read at Sarah Lawrence; (I was on baby duty and missed it, but) the people I talked to said he was very entertaining and compelling.
Incidentally Rachel I enjoyed your reading at the Westside Y last February. I could feel your emotional involvement in your poems.
It's weird when I see poets read, and they seem to have no emotional connection to what they've written.
D.A. Powell is another poet who I think reads very well.
Posted in Uncategorized on Wednesday, May 9th, 2007 by Rachel Zucker.


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This summer has been a scorcher, and we have the perfect solution to beat the heat: Sensational Sancerre! When the temperatures spike into the 90s, all I care about are clean, crisp wines – and my go-to refresher is Sancerre. The Kimmeridgian soil and climate of Sancerre are perfect for producing vibrant, crisp and clean Sauvignon Blanc rich with minerality and racy acidity. A Zachys favorite, the Sancerre Les Boucads from Domaine Claude Riffault, landed in-store this week. Claude Riffault is recognized as a master of the Loire Valley producing balanced and driven wines that are full of expressive varietal character, earning 90+ points from Wine Spectator and The Wine Advocate. The Sancerre Les Boucads is marked by an elegant balance of minerality and acidity, displaying ample citrus fruit and tangy depth. The perfect wine to kick-back and beat the summer heat. "Clear and bright, its lime, white currant, and grapefruit suffused with chalk and tinged with citrus zest, pear skin, and salt, this displays such purity and ripeness that a nearly sweet impression is engendered on its silken palate, yet at the same time one of animation, invigoration, dynamic interplay and refreshment...92." WA 7/12.
Now's the time to secure your case. I recommend acting fast, the heat is here to stay all summer long but I can't guarantee this Sancerre will be. Chin, Chin,Jeremy
The product has been successfully added to your cart.
Store Hours: Mon-Fri 10am-8pm, Sat 9am-8pm, Sun 12pm-5pm • Customer Service Hours: Mon-Sat 9am-6pm
16 East Parkway, Scarsdale, NY 10583
(914) 874 8000 • 1 (866) 922 4971 • fax (914) 723 1033 • firstname.lastname@example.com • Free Parking
Zachys prices are good while supplies last. Discount cannot be applied to previous purchases, futures or gift orders.
Offers cannot be combined with any additional promotion. Not responsible for typographical errors. Prices subject to change without notice.
For technical assistance with the web contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
Visit New York Fine Wine Storage


text:
Siemens' Boss Steps Down
Klaus Kleinfeld is only the sixth chief executive Siemens (SI) has had since 1966—and of those six, he's had the shortest tenure. Yet he may go down as the person who most radically changed the Munich-based electronics giant.
Ironically, Kleinfeld's statement Apr. 25 that he will not seek an extension of his contract, which is set to expire Sept. 30, came a day before the company was scheduled to present quarterly figures that are likely to deliver on a promise the 49-year-old made to investors shortly after taking office in 2005. Kleinfeld staked his personal prestige on meeting long-held but never-before-achieved profit goals for the company's units, ranging from 5% for the power generation business to as much as 13% for the division that produces X-ray machines.
In a preliminary earnings statement issued late on Apr. 24, Siemens said operating profit in the quarter ended Mar. 31 soared 49%, better than expected, to $2.7 billion—confirmation of what Kleinfeld was able to achieve in his short time at the helm.
Tarnished by Legal Problems
Kleinfeld sold or spun off money-losing telecommunications equipment units, made plans to list the profitable, but non-core, VDO auto electronics unit on the stock exchange, and spent $7.6 billion last year on acquisitions to strengthen core businesses and build Siemens' presence in emerging markets such as China and India (see BusinessWeek.com, 1/30/07, "IPO for Siemens' Auto Electronics Unit?").
At a press conference scheduled for Apr. 26, Kleinfeld was set to announce plans to take Siemens to a new level. The company says Kleinfeld will continue to serve as CEO until the end of his contract, and will preside at the press conference.
Kleinfeld's success in making Siemens more profitable was tarnished by legal problems. Munich prosecutors are investigating whether the company systematically bribed foreign officials to win contracts. Siemens admits hundreds of millions may have been misused. A separate investigation is probing whether Siemens secretly financed a workers' organization that was supposed to act as a counterweight to IG Metall, the militant labor union that negotiates on behalf of most Siemens workers in Germany.
Pressure for New Management
In an interview with BusinessWeek columnist Maria Bartiromo before his resignation, Kleinfeld expressed his frustration with the scandal. "The most difficult thing in those situations is that the rumors are dominating the media, and you cannot go out with the facts because, sometimes, you don't have all the facts or you're not sure whether you have all the facts…. You are dealing with an ongoing investigation by a state authority, and you can't get involved with that through a public debate."
The investigations have clearly damaged Siemens' reputation. Though Kleinfeld has not been implicated, and says he didn't know about any illegal activity, the scale of the alleged bribery raises the question of why he didn't know. After the investigation reached the top layer of management with the arrest of Johannes Feldmayer in March, pressure grew to start over with a new management team. Supervisory Board Chairman Heinrich von Pierer, Kleinfeld's predecessor as CEO, resigned on Apr. 19 (see BusinessWeek.com, 4/20/07, "Siemens' Von Pierer Falls on His Sword").
Kleinfeld's departure hardly spells the end of management turmoil at Siemens. His ouster appears to have been engineered by supervisory board members Gerhard Cromme, chairman of steelmaker ThyssenKrupp, and Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank (DB). Both men have served on the supervisory board for four years, and Cromme was chairman of the audit committee.
Shareholders Upset
Critics are already asking why they shouldn't also be held to account for activities that occurred on their watch. Ackermann himself is no stranger to corporate scandal: He has faced charges that while serving on the board of German mobile operator Mannesmann he approved excessive bonuses paid to the company's top executives when it was sold to Vodafone (VOD). Acquitted of the allegations in 2004, he eventually paid a $4.2 million fine in Nov. 2006.
Kleinfeld's tenure at Siemens was marked by controversy over the management changes he tried to force on the famously stolid company. But shareholders, who applauded the CEO's restructuring, are deeply upset at the way his departure was handled (see BusinessWeek.com, 1/29/07, "Siemens' Cultural Clash").
Leaks to the German press ahead of the Apr. 25 supervisory board meeting wounded Kleinfeld's authority and apparently sealed his fate before a succession plan was in place. Press speculation about a replacement has focused on Wolfgang Reitzle, a former BMW and Ford Motor (F) executive who gets high marks for his restructuring of German industrial gas supplier Linde. But Reitzle says through a Linde spokesman that he doesn't want the job.
Whoever replaces Kleinfeld is likely to come from outside the company. An outsider will not be tainted by the scandals, and will bring a fresh perspective. But it will be a huge challenge to manage a company as big and complicated as Siemens without the internal contacts and knowledge of a Siemens lifer like Kleinfeld. Just as Siemens finally begins to deliver world-class profits, it has disappointed investors once again.


text:
I have never blogged about the issue of DRS even though I complain about it more than a 16 year old girl who didn't get the right colored Mercedes for her birthday. So this blog serves to end my useless banters on Twitter so none of y'all have to see it anymore.
History lesson for those who are not familiar: DRS, or Drag Reduction System, was a tool installed by F1 officials in the 2011 season. Triggered by the driver at a designated area on the track when you're within one second of the car in front, DRS reduces drag and increases straight line speed and acceleration by creating a flap in the rear wing.
|That small gap makes all the difference. (Photo: Wikipedia)
My beefs with DRS are simple and not anything irrational. For starters, it creates redundant passes on the straightaways instead of drivers forcing tough passes in tricky areas on the track. Quite simply, a driver simply has to catch up to a driver, get one second behind the, wait till they're in the DRS zone, and then bang, it's open hunting season. Without crazy attempts at overtaking, it takes away the thrill of the sport. I'd rather see 2 overtakes that took skill to set up and execution rather than 20 overtakes assisted by DRS.
My next issue with DRS is that the driver being passed has absolutely no chance in any way to defend. Sure they can use KERS, or Kinetic Energy Recovery System, a button which gives 7 seconds of boost to a driver per lap used at their discretion, but the driver who is doing the overtaking can also use this, rendering it useless. The defending driver stands about as good of a chance as a turkey during Thanksgiving.
The final of my many issues was the beautiful cars that used to exist from about 1999, 2000 were scrapped and changed for newer regulations starting in 2009. One of the reasons was to reduce costs, which I'm down for all the way. But another reason they changed the design of the chassis was to increase overtaking. So, let me get this straight. We changed a chassis to increase overtaking, but then they felt the need to go an unnecessary step further in adding DRS? I'm not quite understanding.
|2006 F1 car. Gorgeous. (Photo: Wikipedia)
Such a shame because if F1 gets their financial situation under control with the ridiculous spending that goes on and takes away the DRS, I have a tough time seeing it not being the best racing series in the world.
Let me know what you think.
-Matthew Hickey


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Joe Bor
Winner of Jewish Comedian Of The Year, Joe Bor is a sharp and energetic observational comedian. His chatty, confident and friendly style has earned him his place as a rising star of the stand up circuit.
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'Very funny... excellent young comic actor' (Three Weeks)
'Terrific' (Time Out).
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'... trademark sugar-coated darkness... will leave you with aching sides and a song stuck in your head' (Broadway Baby)
'... clever, polished, and absolutely hilarious' (Broadway World)
'... feisty and funny... flashes of brilliance' (Time Out)
'Like a Glee Club chick gone wrong' (The Stage)
Rachel Parris tour dates
Adam Hess
Chortle Best Newcomer nominee 2013 and Chortle Student Champion 2011 provides energetic one-liners and stories.
'For good quality gags per minute, there is no better comedian' The Independent
'The UK's Rob Delaney' (Graham Linehan)
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Lou Sanders
'Utterly delightful and hugely talented... Destined for hugeness' (Time Out)
'When Lou rips a room into hysteria, she really rips it hard' (The Sun)
'... an hour of non-stop entertainment with seriously big laughs, wild and free and very, very funny' (Chortle)
'... crazy off-beat surrealism' (The Independent).
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Mike Sheer
Torontonian stand-up comedian, event producer and bassist.
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Venue Facts
Venue: The Prince Albert
163 Royal College Street
Website: princealbertcamden.com
Email: ...
Enquiries: 020 7485 0270
→ Camden Road 1 min walk
→ Camden Town 5 min walk


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Call Of Duty Digital Help?[ Edited ]
1 replies 147 views Edited Nov 6, 2013
I paid for the digital version of Ghosts a week ago and it said it came with the Freefall map which would be included in the download. The game released and I downloaded the 13GB and it says I do not have the map. The first time I played the game it said I was running a trial version and booted me after 45 minutes but thankfully that hasnt happened yet since then. I checked my email and dont see a code for download. What am I missing?
First Son
Registered: 11/06/2013
2 posts
Re: Call Of Duty Digital Help?
Nov 6, 2013
Nevermind, found it in my Download List x.x was told it would install with the game by someone and I guess that was misinformation resolved and thank you.


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Conversations shaping the future of emerging media
Simon Cowell's latest attempt to salvage The X Factor has come to naught, as Fox on Friday said it has pulled the plug on the series.
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Body Blog
How do I find my bra size?
My boobs are growing, and I think I need to start wearing something more than just a sports bra. I'm worried I won't get the right size or fit. How do I know what size bra I need? Is there a way I can measure myself?
-- Sally, 13
Read more about: Body blog , Body issues , Growing up , Puberty
What should you do if you're being bullied?
Quiz! Who's Your Celeb Dream Date?
Justin Bieber, Rob Pattinson, Nick Jonas, Zac Efron, Taylor Lautner. ... Take our quiz to discover your ideal date with one of these cuties. Happy Valentine's Day!
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When it comes to boys, you are:
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