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2009-2010 Issues
Issue: To inform and engage youth (grades 9-12) in active environmental awareness, specifically what they can do to reduce their carbon footprint.
Summary: The Environment Group is recommending that the Office of Sustainability and Environment add a youth component to the 'One Ton Challenge'
- Presentation [PPT]
Pedestrian Safety
Issue: To outline the Seattle Youth Commission's proposal to increase pedestrian safety and comfort around Seattle schools.
Summary: The Pedestrian Safety Group is proposing an extension of the Safe Routes to Schools Programs to include middle schools and high schools at a rate of two per year.
- Presentation [PPT]
Teen Homelessness
Issue: To resolve conflicts between youth and their parents or guardians, thus preventing them from becoming homeless and needing shelter or other services.
Summary: The Teen Homelessness Policy Group is proposing to conduct a pilot program with Cocoon House that will provide prevention services for teens and families.
- Presentation [PPT]
Youth-Police Relations
Issue: To bridge the communication gap between Seattle's youth and Seattle Police Department, broaden youth understanding of Seattle Police Department techniques and procedures, foster better interaction between Seattle Police Department and Seattle youth, and initiate and maintain long-term relationships between Seattle Police Department and Seattle youth.
Summary: The Youth-Police Policy Group is recommending a series of Youth-Police Role Reversal Workshops strategically placed throughout Seattle which will be carried out by ten youth interns placed in Seattle's five precincts.
- Presentation [PPT]
Youth Violence
Issue: To prevent of youth violence through a Young Father's Coalition.
Summary: The Youth Violence Policy Group is proposing the addition of a Young Fathers Program into the Seattle Youth Violence Prevention Initiative.
- Presentation [PPT]


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This intertidal fieldschool, will work on a large wreck, located just a short walking distance of the Lawrenny village hall classroom and hostel and only 500m from a local hostelry. The wreck starts to become accessible around two hours after high water providing a working window of around 7-8 hours, however the beach is very muddy so wellington boots are an essential piece of kit!
Once exposed, the site extends to an area of around 23m x 8m and consists of substantial timber frames interconnected with other major structural timber members, planking and a multitude of interesting features from which the style and type of vessel can be determined. One side of the wreck has collapsed and lies flat on the beach making it ideal for carrying out 2D survey work. During your fieldschool you will have the chance to complete planning frame drawings of this section, contributing of a mosaic of this side of the site. The other side of the wreck stands around 2m high and is ideal for carrying out 3D survey work.
Remember you can join the NAS for the fieldschool in Lawrenny, whether you are working through the ELearning programme, you wish to refresh your skills, collect data for a NAS Part 2 report or for fieldwork experience to count towards your Part 4 Diploma. Don't forget if you are attending the fieldschool as part of your ELearning course, you will need to complete the theory elements before taking part.
Where is it? The fieldschool will be based in Lawrenny Village Hall, Lawrenny, SA68 0PW and accommodation is available in the adjoining Millennium Hostel. For further information on the hostel and to book accommodation, please follow the link below http://www.lawrennyvillage.co.uk/hostel/. Further accommodation options are also available in the local area.
Qualifications and Equipment: This is a dry fieldschool so there are no additional qualifications required. All neccessary survey equipment will be provided on the fieldschool. Just remember your wellies!
For more information or to book a place on the Lawrenny Fieldschool, please contact the NAS Office or download a booking form.

subset: commoncrawl


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Museum Studies Minor (Non-Teaching)
Museum Studies Minor
To understand the cultural significance of museums and to explore contemporary museum practices, Montana State University-Bozeman offers an interdisciplinary minor in Museum Studies that is administered through the Department of History and Philosophy. The Museum Studies minor offers students in many disciplines the opportunity to learn about the role of museums in advancing public education and academic research, to deepen students' understanding of museums, and to better position them to learn about possible employment in the museum field.
In consultation with a Museum Studies Minor advisor in the Department of History and Philosophy, students in the minor select 12 credits from a secondary field outside their major and appropriate to museum topics. Half of these credits must be at the 300 or 400 level. The goal of this secondary field is for students to develop expertise beyond their major that would be of use to them in a museum career. Generally, all 12 credits should be in one area, though interdisciplinary secondary fields may be considered where intellectually warranted. The minimum number of credits for a non-teaching minor is twenty-one, with nine of those being upper division credits; the Museum Studies Minor must meet this requirement. Students may fulfill this requirement by majoring in one of the following secondary fields if, in addition, they choose 12 credits from an additional one of the secondary fields. Some possible secondary fields are noted below, though other appropriate fields may be considered in consultation with an advisor.
- Anthropology
- Art History
- Biology
- Business Administration
- Education
- English Literature
- English Writing
- Geography
- Geology
- History
- Native American Studies
- Sociology
In addition, all students must take the following Museum Studies (MOR) courses:
|Museum Practices
|Museum History
|or HSTR 490R
|Undergraduate Research
In consultation with the Museum Studies minor advisor in the Department of History and Philosophy, students select 6 credits of Museum Experience work, either through an internship alone or through a combination of internship and undergraduate research. All students must do at least 3 credits of internship at a museum or other similar institution. Students may earn the remaining 3 credits either by continuing their internship or through an undergraduate research course. The 3 credits of undergraduate research may be done in either their major or secondary fields. Each student's specific Museum Experience program will be determined in consultation with an advisor in the Department of History and Philosophy, and when appropriate, an advisor in the student's secondary field.


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The Blind Man's Garden by Nadeem Aslam
(Faber $36.99)
The most shocking, relentless feature of this remarkable novel, set in Pakistan and Afghanistan during the months after 9/11, is the utter irreconcileability of the opposing sides. For the United States, "there are no innocent people in a guilty nation". For the splintered, warring groups opposing them, the Americans are aliens, an army "made up of homosexuals and women". Killing them has "a perfect legitimacy and even beauty".
Aslam's fourth novel is packed with terrifying scenes from the battlefields and other killing grounds of Afghanistan and its neighbour. Yet it starts and ends in a place of serene beauty.
Rohan, teacher and scholar, lives in a small Pakistani town, within the walls of a garden fragrant with roses, lotuses, carnations and almonds. It's a haven which he has shaped as an image of the values of Islam, bringing to it handfuls of earth from holy cities.
His values and visions aren't shared by the next generation. His son and a friend plan to enter Afghanistan and seek the truth about jihad and the American invasion, while trying to save the victims of both sides.
What they learn and suffer transforms or ends the lives of nearly everyone in the book.
Graphic, grisly episodes of attacks and atrocities, where it is legitimate that children should die, and where teenage Taliban kiss their guns and call on Allah before pulling the trigger, alternate with moments of other lives enfolded in flowers and philosophy. But nobody escapes horror. The hundreds of birds snared in the trees of Rohan's garden by a passing mercenary are an obvious and potent metaphor for all inside its walls.
Rich with literature and legend, written in a style that is both sumptuous and flayingly forensic, The Blind Man's Garden is also a story studded with visionary moments. Horses erupt from under the earth; graves call for their destined occupants; a boy carrying a leopard cub saves a captured American; rocket-propelled grenades become avenging fires that pour molten metal on infidels.
No faction comes out of the novel well. To achieve their versions of justice/vengeance/righteousness, they're ready to commit every form of violation.
If there is hope, it's in the resilience and devotion of individuals. Rohan defends peace and piety against all sides. His daughter-in-law Naheed refuses pressure to make a second, forced marriage, and holds unswervingly to love. Mikal puts friendship and loyalty ahead of his own life.
A narrative of grandeur and moral strength. It ends with endurance, redemption and tenuous hope. Yes, I was bowled over - and over.
David Hill is a Taranaki writer.


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Hannibal "Mike" Ware currently serves as the Acting Inspector General for the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). In this role, he is responsible for independent oversight of SBA's programs...
You are here
Debra Ritt, Assistant Inspector General for Auditing, U.S. Small Business Administration, before the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Contracting Oversight of the Committee of Homeland Security and Government Affairs, United States Senate, July 16, 2009
Testimony of Debra S. Ritt, Assistant Inspector General for Auditing, U.S. Small Business Administration
Before the Subcommittee on Contracting Oversight Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs
United States Senate
July 16, 2009
Chairwoman McCaskill, Acting Ranking Member Collins, and Members of the Subcommittee:
We appreciate the opportunity to testify today on our audit of Alaska Native Corporation (ANC) participants in the 8(a) program. The 8(a) program is the Federal government's primary vehicle for helping small-disadvantaged businesses compete in the marketplace and gain access to Federal and private procurement markets. Under the program, ANC-owned companies enjoy special procurement advantages beyond those afforded to most other 8(a) businesses. These advantages were intended to provide economic opportunities for impoverished Alaska Natives. Our audit was initiated based on issues identified by prior OIG and GAO audits related to SBA's oversight of ANC participant 8(a) activity.
As requested by the Subcommittee, my statement today will focus on our audit findings relating to three areas:
Competitive and other advantages enjoyed by ANC firms in obtaining 8(a) contracts and the benefits derived from those advantages;
The growth of ANC participant activity within the 8(a) program; and
The Small Business Administration's (SBA) management and oversight of ANC participant activity.
ANC and other tribally owned companies enjoy special procurement advantages over most other 8(a) program participants. Arguably, the most significant of these advantages is their ability to obtain unlimited sole-source awards of any value. ANC companies are exempt from (1) competitive thresholds in the Small Business Act that limit 8(a) companies from receiving sole source awards in excess of $5.5 million for manufacturing contracts and $3.5 million for other types of contracts, and (2) the regulatory cap on sole-source awards that is triggered once a company receives a total of $100 million in 8(a) competitively-awarded and sole-source contracts. These exemptions have resulted in ANC-owned companies receiving hundreds of millions of dollars in awards non-competitively.
ANC-owned companies are also not limited in the number of other companies they can be affiliated with for purposes of determining whether they are small, and thus eligible for 8(a) awards. ANCs can own multiple 8(a) companies as long as each business is in a different primary industry, and SBA has determined that the company does not have or is not likely to have a substantial unfair competitive advantage within an industry. Our audit confirmed that this advantage has allowed ANC companies that are large businesses through affiliation with their parent corporations, and who have access to the capital and credit of its parent, to compete against truly small disadvantaged companies. Allowing large ANC companies to compete against other 8(a) companies appears to be inconsistent with the primary purpose of the 8(a) program of helping small-disadvantaged businesses to compete in the American economy.
Although ANC companies enjoy substantial advantages over other 8(a) companies, such advantages were intended to help ANCs fulfill a mission that is broader than the bottom line of the corporations; namely to help Alaska Natives achieve economic self-sufficiency. Understandably, ANC companies have attempted to maximize the opportunities afforded them under the 8(a) program. We visited 11 ANC parent corporations, 8 of which told us that they derived at least 50 percent or more of their revenues from the 8(a) program. Two of the 8 said they relied on the program for 90 percent or more of their revenues.
While not all ANCs have generated profits in the past, in recent years the overall financial performance of ANCs has significantly improved. According to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) Regional Association's 2006 Report, in 2006 total revenues for the 13 regional ANCs grew 22 percent, from $4.4 billion in 2005 to $5.4 billion in 2006, and profits increased by 75.6 percent, from $282.4 million in 2005 to $495.9 million in 2006. The following year, the Alaska Economic Performance Report for 2007, reported that revenues for 12 of the regional corporations totaled $5.77 billion, with profits of $483.7 million.
Unlike other 8(a) businesses whose profits generally go to one or two individuals, hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of tribal members or Native shareholders, share the profits from ANCs. ANCs have used use their profits to pay shareholder dividends, fund cultural programs, and provide employment assistance, jobs, scholarships, internships, subsistence activities, and numerous other services to their Alaska communities. Dollar for dollar, however, it is difficult to link these benefits to revenues earned from the 8(a) program, as they are financed from profits that have been generated by different revenue sources. ANCs are also not required to report to SBA how they use the 8(a) share of their profits to support Alaska Natives.
Long-term 8(a) contracting trends show a continued and significant increase in obligations to ANC-owned participants, both in value and as a percentage of total obligations to 8(a) companies. Our audit found that from FY 2000 to FY 2008 obligations to ANC-owned participants increased by 1,386 percent, and more than tripled in recent years, from $1.1 billion in FY 2004 to $3.9 billion in FY 2008.
Although the amount of Federal contracting as a whole increased significantly during this time, what stood out from our review was the growth in the percentage of 8(a) contracting dollars going to ANC-owned companies as compared to other participants in the program. Between FYs 2004 and 2008, the percentage of 8(a) obligations to ANC companies doubled. In FY 2008, ANC companies received approximately 26 percent of total 8(a) obligations—even though they constituted just 2 percent of companies performing these 8(a) contracts. These trends suggest that ANC-owned companies are receiving a disproportionate share of obligations to 8(a) firms.
An additional noteworthy finding from our audit was that a significant portion of the 8(a) obligations made to ANC-owned companies went to a small percentage of the ANC participants. In fact, 50 percent of 8(a) obligations to current ANC participants in FY 2007 went to just 11 (or 6 percent) of the ANC companies reported by SBA to Congress that year. One of these companies accounted for nearly 20 percent of the 8(a) obligations made to active ANC companies, but had only 750 shareholders, or less than 1 percent of the total population of ANC shareholders. The top four companies, which received collectively about $600 million in FY 2007, accounted for less than 4 percent of the 109,210 Alaska native shareholders represented by all of the ANC participant companies. Accordingly, revenues earned from ANC participation in the 8(a) program are not distributed evenly throughout the ANC population.
Finally, of note is that sole-source contracts continue to be the major contracting mechanism used by procuring agencies when obligating 8(a) funds to ANC participants. We found that in FY 2007 the top 11 firms received 82 percent of their 8(a) obligations through sole-source awards. As mentioned previously, ANC participants, like other tribally-owned firms, are exempt from SBA's cap on total sole-source awards. Generally, 8(a) companies that receive $100 million in total 8(a) awards are ineligible for additional sole-source contracts. Of the top 11 companies, 3 had received contracts in excess of $100 million over just a 2-year period. One company alone received approximately $527 million, of which $422 million had been sole sourced.
As reported by GAO and others, Federal agencies favor sole-sourcing awards to ANC participants because it is a quick, easy, and legal method of meeting their small business goals. While sole-sourcing contracts to ANC firms may provide an expedient means of meeting small business goals, due to the lack of competitive bidding, such awards often do not result in the best value for the government. Reports by OIGs and GAO have shown that noncompetitive contracts have been misused, resulting in wasted taxpayer resources, poor contractor performance, and inadequate accountability for results. Based on similar concerns, in March 2009, the President issued a memorandum discouraging the use of sole source awards unless their use can be fully justified and safeguards put in place to protect taxpayers.
Despite the growth in ANC participation in the 8(a) program, SBA has not performed a review to determine whether such growth is adversely affecting other 8(a) participants. For example, in FY 2008, ANC-owned participants received 66 percent of the 8(a) obligations made under the "facilities support services" industry code, which was the second largest industry code for 8(a) purchasing that year. However, SBA has not assessed the impact this has had on non-ANC-owned program participants. Neither has it determined whether procuring agencies are meeting their small-disadvantaged business procurement goals primarily through sole-source awards to ANC companies that essentially are large businesses through affiliation with their parent companies.
Further, although SBA officials recognize that ANCs typically enter into more complex business relationships than other 8(a) participants, it has not tailored its policies and oversight practices to account for ANCs' unique status and growth in the program. Audits issued by GAO in 2006 and by our office in 2008 identified shortcomings in five areas of SBA's oversight of ANC participant 8(a) activity. These involve monitoring:
Secondary lines of business for multiple 8(a) participants owned by a single ANC. GAO reported that SBA does not track the business industries in which ANC subsidiaries have 8(a) contracts to ensure that ANCs do not have more than one subsidiary obtaining its primary revenue under the same industry code. GAO recommended that SBA collect information on ANC-owned participants as part of its 8(a) monitoring, to include tracking the primary sources of revenue. In July 2008, SBA began development of a system to collect primary revenue generators for ANC participants, but this capability will not be developed until a later phase of the project.
Changes in ownership of ANC participants and the holding companies that manage them. SBA regulations require that ANC participants be majority-owned or wholly owned by an ANC, and that ANCs must seek SBA's approval before making ownership changes. However, SBA has had difficulty managing the large volume of ownership change requests requiring approval. Last year, we identified an instance where an ANC was in violation of SBA's ownership rules and had not reported the ownership change to SBA. Our most recent audit disclosed that approving ownership change requests has dominated the workload of the Alaska District Office, leaving little time for monitoring other aspects of ANC compliance with 8(a) rules or for identifying where ANC-owned companies have not reported ownership changes.
Whether ANC-owned companies have a substantial unfair competitive advantage within an industry. The Small Business Act provides that the size of a tribally owned company will be determined without regard to its affiliation with the tribe or any other businesses owned by the tribe unless the SBA Administrator determines that one or more of the tribally-owned businesses may have, or may obtain, a substantial unfair competitive advantage with an industry. GAO reported that SBA was not making these determinations and had no policy or procedures in place to make them. It recommended that SBA clearly articulate in regulation how it would comply with existing law. SBA has adopted a different approach involving training of its Business Development Specialists and Federal agencies to ensure that a previous procurement history is provided to facilitate such determinations, which does not appear to adequately address GAO's recommendation.
Partnerships between ANC participants and large companies to ensure that they are functioning as intended. GAO reported that SBA's oversight of ANC partnerships with other companies and mentor-protégé arrangements was not adequate. When entering into joint ventures, ANC companies must manage the joint venture and receive at least 51 percent of venture profits. However, GAO identified instances either where mentors abandoned ANC participants after the contracts were not won or where mentor companies exploited the ANC partner for its 8(a) status. SBA has acknowledged that 8(a) joint ventures between mentors and their ANC protégés may be inappropriate for sole-source contracts above competitive thresholds. Despite this concern, our audit found that SBA headquarters was unable to identify the number of joint ventures involving ANC companies, and did not have a means for tracking 8(a) sole source contracts involving joint venture partners.
Reviewing participant financial statements. In August 2008, we reported weaknesses in SBA's review of financial information reported annually by ANC participants. Because of these weaknesses, SBA did not identify that non-native managers of two 8(a) ANC-owned firms had secured millions of dollars of 8(a) revenue for companies they owned through management agreements that SBA had not approved. The management agreements were disclosed in footnotes to the financial statements of the ANC-owned firms that had been submitted to SBA. Our report questioned whether SBA's Alaska District Office, which oversees the majority of the ANC participants, was adequately staffed. At the time, the office had only two full-time and one-part time employees to oversee 166 ANC participants. Although there are now over 200 ANC participants in the program, SBA has not yet increased the size of the district office. SBA has advised that it has is in the process of hiring two more employees for this office; however, these additional positions will not be sufficient to manage the current ANC participant level.
In conclusion, ANC participation in the 8(a) program has undeniably benefited Alaska natives and tribes. However, long-term 8(a) contracting trends show a continued and significant increase in obligations to ANC-owned participants, which may be limiting the ability of non-ANC-owned companies to secure 8(a) contracts. Further, a very small number of ANC participants receive a disproportionate share of the 8(a) obligations. The procurement advantages that ANC-owned companies enjoy, and their ability to get access to capital and credit through their parent companies, may be working to disadvantage other 8(a) participants. All of these factors indicate that changes to ANC participation in the 8(a) Program may be appropriate to ensure that this program works as designed and that taxpayers are receiving the best value from 8(a) contracts.
Because many of the advantages that ANCs enjoy come from statute, Congress may wish to consider whether:
ANC-owned companies should continue to be exempt from the competitive threshold limits on the amount of individual sole-source awards, or whether there should be a statutory cap on the total amount of sole-source awards they may receive.
The Small Business Act should be clarified to require SBA to determine that ANC-owned companies do not have a substantial unfair competitive advantage within an industry category before exempting ANC participants from size affiliation rules, or whether other limits should be placed on the affiliation rules applicable to ANC participants.
ANCs should be required to submit regular reports to SBA identifying the percentage of its profits that are derived from 8(a) contracts, describing how the 8(a) share of its profits are being distributed in dividends or other support for Alaska Natives, and explaining how the distributed benefits assisted the Natives.
The Small Business Act should be amended to either establish larger small-disadvantaged business contracting goals for procuring agencies that account for the growth in ANC 8(a) awards; or establish a separate goal for awards to tribally owned companies to ensure that other 8(a) companies are provided maximum opportunity to obtain 8(a) contracts.
We also recommend that SBA:
- Conduct a review to evaluate the impact that the growth in ANC 8(a) obligations has or will have on other 8(a) firms and the overall effectiveness of the 8(a) program; and make the necessary programmatic revisions.
- Determine whether 8(a) companies owned by ANCs and tribes should continue to be exempt from the regulatory cap on total sole source awards, and if not, remove the exemption from this regulation.
- Centrally track the award of 8(a) contracts to joint ventures involving ANC participants and the award of sole-source contracts to ANC participants.
- Expedite the implementation of an automated system to ensure that the Agency has information needed to oversee ANC participant activity.
- Finalize regulations and actions needed to fully implement GAO's recommendations.
- Fully staff the Alaska District Office.
To obtain a copy of our report, interested parties may go to the SBA OIG online library at https://www.sba.gov/oig/searchable-list-oig-reports
Madam Chairwoman, this concludes my prepared statement. I would be happy to answer any questions at this time.


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Arsenal must put the disappointment of Saturday's draw behind them ahead of Tuesday's trip to Barcelona.
After the 0-0 draw at Emirates Stadium, Johan Djourou spoke exclusively to TV Online.
He discussed:
- showing a lot of character
- getting one point closer to Manchester United
- Arsenal's missed chances
- getting a whack to the head
- the shape of the team ahead of Barcelona
Subscribers can no watch this interview 'on demand'.Copyright 2017 The Arsenal Football Club plc. Permission to use quotations from this article is granted subject to appropriate credit being given to www.arsenal.com as the source


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Businessman Zygmunt "Ziggy" Switkowski has warned that directors are under pressure to raise the ethical standards of their companies in the wake of the
The former head of Telstra and Optus and now chancellor of RMIT University said that the scandal should put all boards and directors on notice to get the "ethical settings" right.
Dr Switkowski said for boards the scandal built on the Centro judgment, the experience of the James Hardie board and the National Australia Bank foreign exchange controversy.
"All of this is being added up and put in front of non-executive directors and [they are] asking 'how do we address all of this?'," he told a function in Melbourne on Friday. "In News Corp, the expectation was that not only the executive but the board be aware of the way certain processes work deep within the organisation."
Dr Switkowski said that was not always easy for boards to do.
BT Investment Management said on Friday that it would divest its "modest" stake in News Corporation from the $200 million Ethical Fund.
Challeger's ethical fund, the Alphinity Socially Responsible Fund, has dropped its stake in News Corp and ethical fund manager Hunter Hall reportedly dropped its investment from News Corp early this month.
"I imagine every fund is evaluating the stock in light of what has happened whether it is ethical or not," a Challenger spokesman said.
The $650 million Australian Ethical Investment questioned why ethical funds were invested in the company in the first place. "Any ethical fund which practises what they preach should have questioned their investment in News Corp long before now," said executive director James Thier.
AMP Capital Investors continues to hold News Corp stock – less than 2 per cent of its $99 billion of funds – but said the issue had been "on its radar" since late last year.
News Corp's share price finished the week at $15.20 after hitting a one month high of $17.04 on July 4.
Perennial Growth Management invests in News Corp through its Socially Responsive Shares Trust and says it will hold its position for the time being.
The Australian Financial Review


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Our Pet List
About Alaskan Malamutes
Alaskan Malamutes are a very people friendly breed and demand a lot of attention. They can be dog aggressive and extremely predatory but are very friendly and excellent with children. Pack oriented, try to establish and test the pack order on a seemingly constant basis. Virtually always extend a tail-wagging, face-licking welcome to strangers. A personal relationship must be developed. They are not as much as a pet as a part of your family. He won't live for you, rather live with you, to be a family member.A Malamute will insist on having a part in all family activities. Not a dog for just anyone... Their activity level is high and they demand daily both a physical & mental workout. Blessed with a sunny disposition. Happiest when treated as an intelligent partner. Highly cooperative but never fawning. Adult rescue Mals readily bond with new adoptive owners. The Alaskan Malamute "desirable" size for males-25 in at the shoulders. Females-23 in at the shoulders. 70 lbs to 110 lbs. A powerful and substantially built dog. Its head is broad, Eyes are almond-shaped, BROWN, NEVER BLUE; chest is deep & strong; Double coat, course guard hairs to protect a dense woolly, oily undercoat. Bushy tail, carried over its back, like a waving plume. Colors range from light gray to black, sable to red. Undersides, parts of legs, feet, and parts of face white. Allowable solid color is white. A large, fenced yard is preferred for keeping a malamute in the city. Even so, they should be walked or given some other form of exercise every day. Although they can readily adapt to apartment living, this means the owner must be very dedicated to providing the proper amount of exercise. Mals that are kept primarily outside the house or on larger property should be provided a sturdy run with a covered kennel or large doghouse. Since they were bred to run, mals also have a tendency to roam the neighborhood or countryside. Never let your malamute "off-leash" as few are consistently trustworthy to commands (unless they wish to be) and are not particularly mindful to road traffic. In the countryside, they may learn to chase wildlife & livestock, or may be mistaken for wolves(or wolf-hybrids) and killed. Alaskan Malamutes possess a strong "prey drive" which is part of the hunting instinct. If it moves or squeals, a mal will chase it - sometimes with dangerous consequences. Malamutes have been known to kill rabbits, squirrels & birds, as well as neighborhood cats. Mals only do well with cats when they have been raised with them and have also been taught to control their natural instincts. Some mals can never be trusted around other small animals, even when raised with them. Mals should be taught caution & control around children. Besides their love of humans, they are also attracted to children because of the quick movements and high-pitched voices ( similar to those of small hurt animals - a natural prey ). No small child should be left alone with a large dog of ANY breed. Mals tend to play rough and, due to their size & power, could injure a child without meaning to.
Our Pet List
Who We Are
Florida Alaskan Malamute Help & Rescue is a non-profit rescue, adoption and education organization for the Alaskan Malamute and malamute owners. We are an affiliate of the Alaskan Malamute Assistance League (AMAL),
an independent U.S. national Alaskan Malamute rescue organization. Our organization is dedicated to the protection of all Alaskan Malamutes. It consists of a network of people, all volunteers, who love this breed and who are committed to ensuring that any Malamute which has become homeless can find a good home. We provide foster homes for Alaskan Malamutes, help people who wish to own a good dog, and provide Malamutes with good homes
Adopting a friend
Because we feel it is so important that the right dog go to the right home, we make every effort to find out all facets of each dog's personality. You will be asked to fill out a application that asks you what you are looking for in a dog.You will be asked to sign a contract before adopting one of our dogs. It states that if you are not happy with the Malamute at any time in the future, we want him back! All of our Malamutes are altered before placement. They also have been given all necessary shots, rabies, wormed, are heartworm negative. Many rescue dogs show no signs whatsoever of abuse. In a few, the signs are unmistakable. A hand-shy or rear-shy dog expects to be hit and shies away from an outstretched hand. Some of these dogs cringe at the slightest word of correction. One of the pleasures of rescuing such a dog is the privilege of teaching the lesson that, from now on, human hands and voices mean kindness and love. Much of our work involves rescuing dogs, screening new homes, and matching available dogs to these homes.
Come Visit Us!
Florida Alaskan Malamute Help & Rescue
Port Saint Lucie, FL
Phone: 305-390-0215
Email: email@example.com
Click here for a list of pets at this shelter
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Farmhouse Hardware
- Overview
A quick and whimsical way to add farmhouse charm to your drawers and cabinets, our rustic hardware is cast of brass with an antique-bronze finish. Blackened outlines around the animal icons and edges highlight the golden hues.
- Rooster Knob: 1.5" diameter x 1" deep
- Pig Pull: 4.25" wide x 1" deep x 1.25" high
- Brass base metal with an antique bronze finish.
- Includes mounting hardware.
- Catalog / Internet only.
- Dimensions & Care
- Knob includes one segmented 1.75" snap off screw that can be cut to desired length with household pliers to fit your door or drawer panel thickness, and one washer.
- Pull includes two segmented 1.75" snap off screws and two washers.
- Distance between screw holes on the pull is 3".
- Wipe with a soft, dry cloth.
- Shipping & Return Info
UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 4-5 business days.
Next Day Delivery and Processing
We can arrange for next day delivery to most destinations within the contiguous 48 states, for an extra charge of $17.50 per address. If we receive your order by 6pm PT Monday through Friday, you'll receive your order the next business day; orders placed on Friday after 6pm PT through Sunday will arrive on Tuesday. Note: Next Day Delivery service is not available for some oversized items, White Glove Delivery, out of stock items, personalized items or for items shipped directly from the manufacturer.
Select oversized items have an additional delivery and processing surcharge; this charge is listed below the item price.
View the complete Shipping and Delivery Information page.
We take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of each and every Pottery Barn product and we hope you love your purchase. If for any reason you do not, you have 30 days – or 7 days for all Quick Ship upholstery items – to return your purchase for a full refund or exchange. You can return most non-furniture items to your local Pottery Barn store – FREE.
Delivery fees are non-refundable and prior purchases are not eligible for a price adjustment. The following items are non-eligible for returns or exchanges:
- Monogrammed items
- Mattresses
- Gift cards
- Special-order items (including made-to-order upholstery and custom order rugs)
- Final Sale items (identified by a price ending in $.X7 or $.X9)
- Items damaged through normal wear and tear.
Questions? See our full Returns Policy.


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
freeshipping.comwethersfieldconnecticut Internet, Connecticut United States of America
Does your business have a bad reputation?
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 02/06/2011 02:49 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/freeshippingcomwethersfield/internet-connecticut-/freeshippingcomwethersfield-charged-my-amex-9588-starting-in-2007-said-i-authorized-af-691620. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Back when I was at Bragg I used to enjoy stopping by Ft. Benning on my way home (just outside Ft. Rucker, AL) on leave and watching the kids go through their paces at Jump School. Living just over 100 miles from Bennng I've had the opportunity to go back and visit several times, most recently to help my nephew "turn blue" last fall.
The one thing I've noticed during my last few visits is that the old alma mater doesn't seem as busy these past couple years as it used to be. When I went through (and for years before and after) you used to almost be able to set your watch by the school's training schedule. I knew if I was passing through post on a Monday I could go by the old Ground Committee and see the guys doing their first PLFs or go by Tower Committee and maybe see them practicing mass exits from the 34 ft towers depending on what time it was. I also knew that weather permitting chances were a drive out to Fryar Field would let you see jumps on Mondays through Wednesdays. Thursdays and maybe Fridays it was 250 ft Towers. The last few times I've passed through it's pretty much been dead over there, 'don't know if it's I've just hit at the wrong times or if they've changed up the schedule. Someone told me the school doesn't go by the old Zero-Week, Ground Week, Tower Week, Jump Week schedule anymore. I'd like to know (without jeopardizing National Security) how the course is run now.
Another question I have is whether or not the school is still tough or not. When I went through we lost about two hundred the first day from the PT Test and I don't know how many were forced out through Break Area Procedures and other fun and games. What's it like now?
I can't question the quality of the product, these young troops serving today are doing a superb job, just want to know out of curiosity what the course is like. Thanks in advance.


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The Influences of Cell Type and ZnO Nanoparticle Size on Immune Cell Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Induction
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9413-8
- Cite this article as:
- Hanley, C., Thurber, A., Hanna, C. et al. Nanoscale Res Lett (2009) 4: 1409. doi:10.1007/s11671-009-9413-8
- Citations
- 7k Downloads
Nanotechnology represents a new and enabling platform that promises to provide a range of innovative technologies for biological applications. ZnO nanoparticles of controlled size were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity toward different human immune cells evaluated. A differential cytotoxic response between human immune cell subsets was observed, with lymphocytes being the most resistant and monocytes being the most susceptible to ZnO nanoparticle-induced toxicity. Significant differences were also observed between previously activated memory lymphocytes and naive lymphocytes, indicating a relationship between cell-cycle potential and nanoparticle susceptibility. Mechanisms of toxicity involve the generation of reactive oxygen species, with monocytes displaying the highest levels, and the degree of cytotoxicity dependent on the extent of nanoparticle interactions with cellular membranes. An inverse relationship between nanoparticle size and cytotoxicity, as well as nanoparticle size and reactive oxygen species production was observed. In addition, ZnO nanoparticles induce the production of the proinflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12, at concentrations below those causing appreciable cell death. Collectively, these results underscore the need for careful evaluation of ZnO nanoparticle effects across a spectrum of relevant cell types when considering their use for potential new nanotechnology-based biological applications.
KeywordsNanoparticle ZnO T lymphocyte Monocytes Cytokine Immunity Nanotoxicity
Nanotechnology permits the manipulation of matter at the nanometer scale, which enables precision engineering to control nanomaterial physiochemical properties as well as their interactions with biological systems. It is the alterations in electrical, magnetic, structural, morphological, chemical, and physical properties of nanomaterials, which are comparable in size to naturally occurring biomolecules, that makes them particularly attractive for pioneering applications in technological and biological applications [1, 2, 3, 4]. Nanomaterials comprised of ZnO have received considerable attention in recent years because of their potential use in electronic and industrial applications arising from their wide band gap (3.36 eV) semiconductor properties [3]. From a biological perspective, nanoscale ZnO materials are already being used in the cosmetic and sunscreen industry due to their transparency and ability to reflect, scatter, and absorb UV radiation, and as food additives [5, 6]. ZnO nanomaterials are also being considered for use in next-generation biological applications including antimicrobial agents, drug delivery, bioimaging probes, and cancer treatment [7, 8, 9, 10]. Although bulk (micron-sized) ZnO is generally recognized as a GRAS substance by the FDA [5, 6], many benign materials can exhibit appreciable cellular toxicity when reduced to the nanoscale [11]. Recent toxicological studies using certain engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have confirmed the potentially harmful effects due to their high surface area, unique physiochemical properties, and increased reactivity of the material's surface [11, 12]. This has led to the term, nanotoxicology, which describes the relationship between nanoparticle physiochemical properties and toxicological effects on living cells and biological systems.
In this regard, several recent reports have demonstrated the toxicity of metal-oxide NPs to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular systems [7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16], while the bulk micron-sized materials remain nontoxic. The majority of eukaryotic studies specific to ZnO NPs, however, have relied heavily on the use of immortalized cells lines, which are recognized to display altered sensitivities to foreign materials/chemicals due to alterations in metabolic processes and major genetic instabilities. To date, only limited studies have evaluated the toxicity of ZnO NPs on normal primary human cells and their potential immunomodulatory effects. Even more challenging is the fact that the cytotoxic response is very different between cell types and nanomaterial systems, making it difficult to develop predictive models without detailed and systematic investigations. Recent reports demonstrate that ZnO NPs display differential toxicity towards primary human cells depending upon their proliferation potential, with normal T lymphocytes that are stimulated to divide by signaling through the T cell receptor displaying significantly greater toxicity than quiescent nonproliferating cells of identical lineage [13]. When these studies were extended to immortalized T leukemic and lymphoma cells using identical ZnO NPs, an even greater sensitivity to NP-induced toxicity was observed (~33-fold) [13]. Thus, susceptibility to NP-induced cytotoxicity appears to be related to the proliferative capacity of the cell and may also be affected by other physiologically relevant parameters, including cell-NP electrostatic interactions and inherent differences in cellular endocytic/phagocytic processes that facilitate NP uptake. These variations in cytotoxic response indicate that a more detailed and carefully controlled evaluation of ZnO NP effects on multiple types of normal human cells is needed to better understand the biological consequences of NP exposure. In addition, it is increasingly being recognized that toxicity depends on nanomaterial characteristics including size, shape, and electrostatic charge, as well as materials composition [7, 10, 17, 18]. In this study, the evaluation of size-controlled ZnO NPs and their resulting toxicity on different cells comprising the human immune system is explored. In addition, mechanisms underlying the differential toxicity response are investigated, as well as effects of ZnO NPs to induce proinflammatory cytokine expression.
Preparation and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles
ZnO NPs utilized in all experiments were synthesized in diethylene glycol (DEG) via forced hydrolysis of zinc acetate [14]. In brief, zinc acetate was dissolved in DEG, and then nanopure water was added under magnetic stirring. Subsequently, the system was heated at 160 °C under reflux for 90 min. After cooling, the resulting product was removed from DEG via centrifugation, and washed with ethanol several times before drying for 24 h at 50 °C, resulting in a powder sample. The sample crystal phase, crystallite size, and morphology were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as previously described [13, 14]. The NPs were then weighed and reconstituted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution to the desired stock concentration. After reconstitution, NPs were sonicated for 10 min and immediately vortexed prior to addition to cell cultures.
Isolation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
For isolation of PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and immune cell subsets, written informed consent was obtained from all blood donors. The University Institutional Review Board approved this study. PBMC were obtained via Ficoll-Hypaque (Histopaque-1077, Sigma, St Louis, MO) gradient centrifugation using heparinized phlebotomy samples [19]. After removal of the leukocyte layer, cells were washed three times with Hank's buffer (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and resuspended at a final concentration of 1 × 106 cells/mL in RPMI-1640 (Sigma), containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and cultured at 37° C and 5% CO2.
Isolation and Culture of Primary CD14+Monocytes and CD4+T cells
PBMC were obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation as described above, and CD14+cells isolated from the mixed cell suspension. Negative immunomagnetic selection was performed according to the manufacturer's protocol using a cocktail of antibodies directed against CD2, CD3, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD56, CD66b, CD123, and glycophorin A (StemCell Technologies, Vancouver, BC). For optimal cell recovery, PBMC were first blocked with anti-human CD32 (Fcγ RII) blocker reagent before labeling with the antibody cocktail. Purified CD14+monocytes populations were typically of >92% purity and >97% viable as assessed by flow cytometry and cultured in RPMI/10% FBS at 5 × 105cells/mL in 96-well plates at 37°C and 5% CO2.
CD4+T cells were purified from PBMC using negative immunomagnetic selection per manufacturer's instructions, and a cocktail of antibodies directed against CD8, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD56, and glycophorin A surface markers (StemCell Technologies). Unlabeled T cells were collected (typically >97% purity and >95% viable as assessed by flow cytometry) and subsequently cultured in RPMI/10% FBS at a final concentration of 1 × 106cells/mL.
Flow Cytometry
Methods of immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis were performed as previously described [19] using a four-color Epics XL flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL). Cells were stained with fluorescently labeled antibodies (Beckman Coulter) for 30 min at 4 °C, washed two times, and immediately analyzed. Ten thousand events gated on the parameter of size (forward scatter, or FS) and granularity (side scatter, or SSC) were analyzed, and expression of the percentage of positively staining cells and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) determined by comparisons to isotype controls. Appropriate concentrations of each antibody were determined by titration for optimal staining prior to experimental use. In PBMC cultures, individual cell types were distinguished from one another based on differential antibody staining and on FS and SSC properties. T cells were defined as CD3+; T helper cells defined as CD3+, CD4+; naive T cells defined as CD3+, CD45RA+; memory T cells defined as CD3+, CD45RO; B cells defined as CD19+, CD3; NK cells defined as CD56+, CD16+, CD3−; and monocytes defined as CD14+, CD3−. To prevent indiscriminate antibody staining of monocytes via Fc receptors, 100 μL of heat-inactivated human AB serum was added to experimental samples immediately prior to staining.
Cell Viability Assays
Cell viability following NP treatment was assessed using two different assays. In the first assay, cell subsets were identified using fluorescently labeled antibodies, and viability was determined by staining with 50 μg/mL of propidium iodide (PI) to monitor losses in cell membrane integrity. Fluorescent CountBright counting beads (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) were added to samples to enable determinations of absolute cell numbers, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate changes in PI staining and to quantify cell death. NPs were excluded from the analysis based on the absence of fluorescence signal and light FS and SSC characteristics.
The second viability assay employed the fluorogenic redox indicator dye, Alamar Blue. This dye becomes fluorescent upon reduction by mitochondrial enzymes in metabolically active cells. Cell populations were seeded into 96-well plates at 5 × 105cells/mL, treated with ZnO NP for 18 h, and 20 μL of Alamar Blue added to cultures for an additional 6 h. Changes in fluorescence were evaluated spectrophotometrically using excitation/emission at 530/590 nm.
ROS Detection
To assay for NP-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cells were first obtained from whole blood treated with an ammonium chloride lysing solution (1.5 M NH4Cl, 0.1 M NaHCO3, 0.01 EDTA) to lyse red blood cells, and centrifuged for 10 min at 4 °C to remove erythrocytic debris. The white blood cells were then resuspended in phenol red-free RPMI to a final concentration of 1 × 106 cells/mL and incubated with ZnO NPs for 6 to 20 h. Cells were subsequently loaded with 5 μM of the oxidation-sensitive dye, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) for 20 min. Production of the oxidation product was evaluated using flow cytometry as previously described [20]. White blood cell populations (i.e., CD3+ T cells and CD14+, CD3− monocytes) present in the samples were simultaneously evaluated based on FS and SSC gating and staining with appropriate fluorescently labeled antibodies. As a positive control for ROS production, control cells were loaded with DCFH-DA dye and activated with PMA (25 ng/mL) for 1 h. For studies described in Fig. 8, ROS production was evaluated in PBMC treated with differently sized ZnO NPs using a fluorescent microplate reader as previously described [21, 22]. Experimental methodology, including the use of the DCFH-DA dye to indicate ROS generation, was identical as described above.
To determine the role of ROS in NP-induced cell death, purified primary CD4+T cells and monocytes were seeded in a 96-well plate at 5 × 105cells/mL and pretreated with 5 mM of the ROS scavenger,N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, Sigma) for 4–6 h. Cultures were then treated with various concentrations of ZnO NP for 24 h, and viability was determined using the Alamar Blue cytotoxicity assay and a fluorescent microplate reader.
Cytokine Analysis
To investigate the effect of ZnO NPs on cytokine production, an ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) was used. For determination of IFN-γ and TNF-α production, freshly isolated PBMC were cultured at 1 × 106cells/mL and treated with varying concentrations of 8nm ZnO NPs (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mM) for 38 h. For determination of IL-12 levels, PBMC cultures were either left untreated or pretreated with 1,000 U/mL of IFN-γ (Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ), to prime for the production of this cytokine, and then cultured with ZnO NPs for 24 h. After NP treatment, cell-free supernatants were harvested via successive 10-min centrifugations (2,000 rpm, 7,000 rpm and 13,000 rpm) and stored at −80 °C until analysis. ELISA was performed by the UMAB Cytokine Core Laboratory (Baltimore, MD), with all samples analyzed in triplicate.
Statistical Analyses
All data were analyzed using SAS, Inc. software (Cary, NC). Data for Figs. 3,4, and6were analyzed using repeated measures of variance withpost hoc comparisons to allow within-subject variation to be separated from between-subject variation. Data for Figs. 5,7and8were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In all cases, significance levels were defined asp < 0.05.
Results and Discussion
Synthesis and Size Control of ZnO Nanoparticles
T and B Lymphocytes are More Resistant to NP Toxicity Compared to Monocytes and NK Cells
Because adherent monocytes appear considerably more susceptible to NP-induced cytotoxicity compared to other immune cell subsets, additional experiments were performed using purified monocytes and lower concentrations of NP, to more accurately determine the IC50 value. In these experiments, monocytes were treated with varying concentrations of ZnO NPs, and viability was evaluated using the fluorogenic redox Alamar Blue cytotoxicity assay. In agreement with monocyte data obtained from PBMC cultures, an IC50 of ~0.30 mM was observed (Fig. 3b). The Alamar Blue cytotoxicity assay was also used to confirm the IC50 using purified CD4+ T cells, and a similar IC50 value of ~5.4 was observed (data not shown). As previously reported by our laboratory [13, 14, 23], control experiments using bulk micron-sized ZnO powder showed no appreciable toxicity effect at any of the concentrations tested (e.g., viability with bulk ZnO: 96 ± 3% at 1 mM, 93 ± 3% at 10 mM), demonstrating that toxicity is limited to nanoscale ZnO. In addition, no appreciable toxicity was observed using NP-free supernatants (e.g., 98% viability with NP-free supernatant equivalent to 1–10 mM), indicating that the toxicity is likely not due to dissolved Zn ions from NP preparations.
Although these results indicate that monocytes are considerably more susceptible to NP-induced cytotoxicity than other immune cell types tested, it is important to note that these differences may be related to distinctions in cell-culture conditions. While T cells, B cells, and NK cells grow as suspension cultures, cultured monocytes grow as an adherent monolayer. These differences in growth characteristics may act to increase the effective ZnO NP concentration in adherent cultures. It is also plausible that the inherently greater capacity of adherent monocytes to phagocytose foreign materials, including NPs, may underlie their greater sensitivity, and the inherent cytolytic activity of NK cells against foreign pathogens, and altered self-cells may contribute to their greater sensitivity compared to lymphocyte populations. To address these possibilities, future experiments involving three-dimensional cell culture systems and those evaluating the extent to which phagocytic/endocytic mechanisms contribute to cell-type differences are needed. Nevertheless, given the variable susceptibilities of different immune cell types to ZnO NPs, it seems clear that careful analysis of in vitro cellular systems, followed by appropriate in vivo studies, is necessary to provide thorough and possibly predictive screening data regarding the relative toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of ZnO NP.
Memory and Naive T cells Differ in Cytotoxic Response to ZnO NP
Our previous findings that ZnO NP toxicity is dependent on the cell activation status, with quiescent T cells being more resistant to ZnO NP-induced cytotoxicity than identical cells activated to divide via stimulation through the T cell receptor [13], led us to evaluate whether "memory" T cells display greater sensitivity to ZnO NPs than "naive" T cells. During an immune response, the activation of T cells to a specific antigen found on a pathogen results in a cascade of intracellular signaling events, and to the differentiation of naive T cells into memory cells. Once memory cells have formed, they can become activated to proliferate much more readily upon subsequent exposure to the original antigen [24]. This occurs because memory T cells require lower activation signals/thresholds to proliferate, which is due, at least in part, to alterations in intracellular calcium mobilization and calcium-dependent signaling processes [25, 26].
ZnO NP Induce ROS Production in Monocytes and T Cells
ROS Quenchers Rescue Primary Monocytes and T Cells from ZnO NP-Induced Cytotoxicity
ZnO NP Preferentially Associate with Monocytes Compared to Lymphocytes
NP association with immune cell subsets
Control (%/MFI)a
+ FITC-NP (%/MFI)b
CD3+T cells
1.79% ± 3.1%/1.15 ± 1.27
84.2% ± 4.1%/9.84 ± 3.23
CD4+T cells
1.61% ± 2.6%/1.23 ± 2.98
82.5% ± 5.9%/14.1 ± 7.21
CD19+B cells
2.0% ± 1.9%/2.85 ± 4.39
78.1% ± 3.1%/9.61 ± 5.11
1.7% ± 3.4%/5.80 ± 4.82
98.0% ± 2.5%/131.2 ± 20.11
Effect of ZnO NP Size on Cytotoxicity and ROS Production
The increased nanotoxicity with decreasing NP size may be due in part to, the larger surface area/volume ratio of smaller NPs, which provides them with a greater area to associate with cellular membranes and proteins, as well as greater surface reactivity. In addition, ZnO particles prepared in a nonaqueous medium may have oxygen deficient/zinc rich surface chemistries [10] that exhibit strong electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged cell membrane [35, 36], with smaller particles predicted to have a greater positive surface charge to volume ratio. Thus, greater initial cell membrane-NP association would be expected for smaller NP, leading to potentially greater intracellular uptake.
All of the various ROS molecules produced in this fashion can trigger redox-cycling cascades in the cell, or on adjacent cell membranes. This can then lead to the depletion of endogenous cellular reserves of antioxidants such that irreparable oxidative damage occurs to cellular biomolecules and eventually results in cell death.
ZnO NP Induce Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Primary Human Immune Cells
The ability of ZnO NPs to induce proinflammatory cytokine expression in human primary immune cells is consistent with the recognized relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation, which is partially mediated by induction of the NF-κB transcription factor [42]. To date, only limited studies have evaluated the effects of ZnO NPs on cytokine production, and most of these studies have been conducted in nonhematological cell types or in immortalized cell lines, which frequently display alterations in signal transduction pathways, leading to unpredictable changes in protein expression. In one report, ZnO NPs were shown to increase IL-8 and MCP-1 cytokine mRNA expression in human aortic endothelial cells, although no information was provided regarding changes in corresponding protein levels [43]. In two other studies conducted in immortalized rodent lung epithelial cells, alveolar macrophage cell lines and primary alveolar macrophages, ZnO NPs fail to induce TNF-α at concentrations exceeding those used in this study [40, 44]. In addition, no changes in other cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, G-CSF, MIP-2, CXCL10, and CCL2 were detected. The ability of ZnO NPs to induce high levels of TNF-α in our studies may be due to differing responses observed between cell populations studied (i.e., PBMC vs. alveolar macrophages), or reflect the longer NP treatment exposure period (i.e., 38 h vs. 24 h). Although, to the best of our knowledge, no published studies have demonstrated the ability of ZnO NPs to induce TNF-α or IL-6 production in purified primary cell cultures or in toxicological evaluations, it is interesting to note that inhalation of ultrafine ZnO particles in occupational settings can increase the expression of these cytokines, which is symptomatically recognized as metal fume fever in welders (e.g., fatigue, fever, chills, myalgias, cough, and leukocytosis) [16].
The ability of ZnO NPs to induce IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α at NP concentrations below those causing appreciable cytotoxicity indicates immunomodulatory effects that may function to bias the immune response toward Th1-mediated immunity. It is the cytokine profile that directs the development and differentiation of T helper cells into the two different subsets, called type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) [45, 46]. Th1 cells are recognized to play an essential role in promoting innate and cell-mediated immunity, while Th2 cells promote antibody-based humoral responses [45]. Relevant to our findings, IL-12 and IFN-γ play critical roles in Th1 development, and help set-up a perpetuating loop whereby more Th1 development is favored, Th2 development is suppressed, and the cytotoxicity activity of both NK cells and T cytotoxic cells against cancerous cells, virally infected cells, or intracellular pathogens is enhanced [46]. Thus, our findings indicate that careful titration of ZnO NP-based therapeutic interventions may be successful in elevating a group of cytokines important for eliciting a Th1-mediated immune response with effective anti-cancer actions. These results, combined with our previous observations demonstrating that immortalized hematopoietic cancer cells are preferentially killed (~33-fold) by ZnO NPs compared to normal cells of identical lineage [13], suggest that ZnO NPs may function via a two-fold mechanism to eliminate cancer cells by direct and preferential cytotoxic actions, and by enhancing the type of immunity most effective at eliciting an in vivo anti-cancer response.
The ability of ZnO NPs to induce TNF-α may also help to promote Th1 differentiation [45, 47] as well as functioning as a regulator of acute inflammation [48]. Notably, this cytokine received its name based on its potent in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity. However, high level and/or chronic exposure to TNF-α has been shown to produce serious detrimental effects on the host, including septic shock or symptoms associated with autoimmune disease [48]. Our results demonstrate significant dose-dependent increases in TNF-α over a somewhat narrow range of ZnO NP concentrations. The magnitude of TNF-α induction, as well as other proinflammatory cytokines, and their local–regional delivery to tumor sites or other desired areas, will undoubtedly be important parameters when considering ZnO NP for biomedical purposes to achieve the desired therapeutic response without eliciting potential systemic damaging effects from these cytokines.
Results from these studies demonstrate that ZnO NPs induce toxicity in a cell-type specific manner that is dependent on the degree of NP-cellular membrane association, phagocytic ability, and inherent cellular capacities for ROS production. Monocytic cells displayed the greatest susceptibility and intracellular ROS production following NP exposure, followed by NK cells, followed by lymphocytes, which displayed the most resistance. Studies employing ROS quenchers implicate ROS formation as a major mechanism of ZnO NP-induced toxicity, and demonstrate that the generation of ROS and the cytotoxic profile occurs in a NP size-dependent manner, with smaller NPs displaying the greatest effect. The variable responses of immune cells described in this study underscore the need for careful in vitro evaluation across a spectrum of relevant cell types, followed by appropriate in vivo studies to provide useful and potentially predictive screening data regarding the relative toxicity effects of metal-oxide NPs. These factors are also important considerations for the potential incorporation of ZnO NPs into novel nanotechnology-based biological applications.
Our results demonstrating that ZnO NPs can induce the expression of immunoregulatory cytokines is also a relevant consideration for potential use in biomedical applications, as many current treatments for human disease function by manipulating and controlling components of the immune response [49]. To the best of our knowledge, our results appear to be the first to document the ability of ZnO NPs to increase the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 in primary immune human cells, and at NP concentrations below those causing appreciable cell death. These findings suggest that ZnO NPs, when used at appropriate concentrations, could directly enhance tumor cell killing through the production of TNF-α, and could also facilitate effective anti-cancer actions by eliciting a cytokine profile crucial for directing the development of Th1-mediated immunity. The in vivo therapeutic window for ZnO NP to increase proinflammatory cytokines indicates that parameters controlling ZnO NP toxicity, such as particle size, concentration, and biodistribution will need to be carefully controlled when considering metal-oxide NPs for use in biological applications, especially given the recognized relationship of chronic inflammatory processes and tumorigenesis. Future studies are needed to investigate the effects of ZnO NPs on additional cytokines and inflammatory mediators, as well as mechanisms of NP cellular uptake and ROS formation.
This research was supported in part by the Mountain States Tumor and Medical Research Institute, Boise, ID, NSF grants (DMR-0449639, DMR-0605652, 0840227, MRI 0821233, and MRI 0521315), NIH (1R15 AI06277-01A1), DOD (W911NF-09-1-0051), and DoE-EPSCoR (DE-FG02-04ER46142).


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A 19-year-old man who allegedly kicked through a glass door at Canad Inns hotel early Saturday got a one-night stay elsewhere.
Brandon Police Service said hotel security reported the damage to a south entrance just before 2 a.m.
The suspect was arrested and held in custody to be released later in the day to appear in court on June 12 on a charge of mischief to property under $5,000.
» Brandon Sun


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LOS ANGELES - Supervisors placed the county's stormwater cleanup fee on the slow track Tuesday, opting not to proceed with the parcel fee as written but allowing for the possibility it could re-appear on a general election ballot in June or November of 2014.
By a 4-1 vote, the Board of Supervisors directed its staff to work closer with the Los Angeles Area Regional Water Quality Control Board, the agency requiring 85 cities and the county to get rid of urban runoff of 33 harmful pollutants that fouls inland rivers, lakes and county beaches.
The goal is to make the measure palatable to a tax-weary public and establish a $295 million per year revenue stream to finance construction of stormwater treatment projects.
After a second, four-hour hearing in as many months, the testimony of those in attendance at the supervisors' downtown LA meeting hall remained the same. Those in favor included an unusual coalition of labor, environmentalists and some cities. In opposition were anti-tax groups and chambers of commerce, as well as individual property owners who would be assessed a $54 fee for each single family lot and about $11,000 for a commercial property. About 2.2 million properties in Los Angeles County would be assessed a fee. Schools, churches and even nonprofit conservancies would be assessed.
On Friday, it appeared Supervisors Gloria Molina and Don Knabe intended to kill the measure. But a compromise reached with Supervisor Zev Yaroslavsky gave it new life, at least as a possible ballot measure in 2014. Those who wanted no new taxes, and those who wanted something done about rainwater that turns into a polluted stream infecting rivers, lakes and beaches with bacteria and toxins, left the hall disappointed.
"This is not a victory for clean water today," said Yaroslavsky. "This is a work in progress."
During its first public hearing Jan. 15, the proposal attracted hundreds of comments and has now logged 113,696 official protests - about 5.16 percent of the parcels. Many complained about the county Department of Public Works sending a postcard resembling junk mail for owners to log a protest. The notice did not contain a return envelope. The supervisors have since allowed protesters to express their views online.
Still, many came in person to testify about the measure.
Alberto Trevino was leery of surfing at L.A. County beaches. Heal The Bay, the environmental group working on cleaning beaches and waterways, said seven of the 10 most polluted beaches in the state are in the county. "I don't surf the beaches of L.A. County. I go down to Carlsbad because the water is clean there," Trevino told the board.
Others, like Trevino, recognized the problem of urban runoff reaching beaches and causing bathers to get sick, but did not like the concept of the parcel fee.
L.A. resident Eric Previn said the county should pull in water districts to help pay for rainwater cleanup and groundwater recharge. He also wanted more people to know more about the process.
Molina agreed, saying the Regional Water Quality Control Board has done a poor job educating the public about the need for higher taxes to fight water pollution in Southern California. She pressed Samuel Unger, the control board's executive director, to come up with a set of criteria or projects that will meet federal Clean Water Act requirements.
"Your board needs to be more effective," she told Unger. "We need a convincing set of arguments that make sense. I just don't think it is ready to be voted on," Molina said.
The Los Angeles County Business Federation, a coalition of 268,000 companies and 106 chambers of commerce and other business associations, agreed with the supervisors. They wanted to see the entire electorate vote on the measure, not just property owners.
After the Jan. 15 hearing, the supervisors demanded changes, which may include: the measure going to a vote of the electorate, instead of a mail-in vote by affected property owners; a sunset clause; and a rebate of up to 80 percent for those who already have installed water-saving devices on their property.
Kirsten James, water quality director with Heal The Bay, wanted to see the improved measure move to a ballot sooner rather than later. "We have no real assurance that it will actually get to the voters," she said after the meeting.
Supervisor Mike Antonovich voted no, saying the entire cost should be picked up by the state, not county taxpayers.


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I just looked at SOG there taking back orders or chinese that should ship inJune or July. $315.
Gunco Member 2241
NRA Life Member
I have a nice factory 26 sino-soviet in a fiberglas stock. It still has cosmoline all over it. Let me know. Thanks
Look what a bud of mine from Century just hooked me up with !!!! When was the last time you saw ones that nice ??? A while I'd think. Both Unfired, all arsenal paperwork, arsenal tags still there, not even a brass mark on the followers, all 100% brandy New!!!!
YES !!!! SCORE ! And all for < $400 down the road,,,, FOR BOTH !!!!!! OH YEA!!!!
And NO there's no more,, this came out of "private stash" for "special customers only". Nice to have friends in high places,,,
One good turn deserves another ,,, so,, I sold him a spare ,,un-circulated ACE 22 , conversion kit, NIB for his 1911. $100 bucks. Bet he won't forget me the next time something Sweat come through the door either, one hand washes the other,,,,
Don't be envious boys,,,, I'm just lucky sometimesNew toys 008.JPGNew toys 006.JPGNew toys 005.JPGNew toys 004.JPG,, that's all.
Lucky SOB!!!!!! LOL. I'm happy for you brother. Thats an awesome find. VERY clean.
Enforcement, NOT Amnesty!!!!!!
"If theyre going to come here illegally, apply for & receive assistance through a corrupted Government agency encouraging this lawless behavior, work under the table & send billions of dollars each year back to their families in Mexico, while bleeding local economies dry, protest in our streets waving their Mexican flags DEMANDING rights, while I have to press 1′ for English, then they need to be shipped back to where they came from!" -Chad Miller
You Betcha 2nd, neither one has been re-arsineled or import stamped either,,,, a definite score ! Ones like that are few and far between nowadays. Real collector pieces to pass on down. I was VERY lucky on those.
Like I said,, good friends in high places,,,,,
those are clean! --those 'like the good old days" deals are getting hard to come buy--
make sure you pick up some ammo somewhere to test um out!
They haven't been shot, and probably won't be as long as I have them. There only new once, and there going to stay that way. I've got others for that purpose. And the 3+ cases of ammo I've got for the Mossins and 10K+ of x39 should tied me over just fine for now.
I was really surprised just how nice the Yugo SKS bore is, it's as nicely polished and sharp as some of my real good hunting rifles by the looks. I'm sure it would shoot just as well as my other Yugo 59 does. The Mossin's great too and I even found a small steel chip from the original machining when I took most of the heavy cosmoline off today,,,, You've got to love finding 60-80 year old guns that are still brandy new.
Even though there not high end guns, there the best examples of both I've found to date. And they'll stay just that way, pristine and unfired. Just like the virgin M48 Yugo Mauser, and the virgin match Garrand ( still in the lead sealed wooden crate), that I've got. And all but 1, the M48,, came from the same place which was the original importer,so I have all the provenance for them to boot.
All Definite Keepers to pass on down! History in your hands , nothing else quite like it IMO !!
Well,,,,, not counting sex that is!!
Wow TWA, those are sweet! I love the stock on the M-44. That is the nicest stock on an M-44 I think I have ever seen. That looks like a laminated stock. I have a few M-44's but that one puts mine to shame.
Double wow. When you said Yugo SKS I was figuring it would be one of those M59/66A1's. That's an M59! Do you know how hard it is to find an unfired M59?
You must have been born with a 4 leaf clover in one hand and a horseshoe in the other.
Thanks, I really enjoyed seeing your latest acquisitions.
Last edited by SouthTexasGuy; 06-12-2013 at 01:05 AM. Reason: left out a word
I thought you might like those, sense you have such a nice military collection. The only flaw is 2 very very small stock nicks on each one which could be easily steamed out on both,, but I'll leave well enough alone. Your right,, the 59's are getting hard to find in the condition that one is, and the 44 does have a pretty decently grained laminated stock, that's what first caught my eye when I saw it. I have one other 59 that is in exultant shape that I put a Draganov stock on that I shoot often, I shoots great just like all the other Yugo's 59's I've had, a great version of the SKS line and the best shooting ones IMO.
I've had tons of both of these models over the years, but like I said before,,best to date that I've found,,,I think I can stop looking now! Never going to find one's any better than those I'm thinking.


text:
The North Face Men's Single-Track II Shoe - $109.95
Free Shipping. The North Face Men's Single-Track II Shoe DECENT FEATURES of The North Face Men's Single-Track II Shoe Upper: Tongue scree collar Tight-weave mesh C-Delta metatarsal fit system OrthoLite Northotic footbed Bottom: CRADLE heel-cushioning and stability technology 22 mm/10 mm heel/forefoot heights Dual-density, compressionmolded EVA midsole Tenacious Grip sticky rubber outsole TPU Snake Plate forefoot protection Imported The SPECS Last: TNF-013 Approx Weight: 1/2 pair: 11.5 oz / 326 g, pair: 1 lb 7 oz / 702 g This product can only be shipped within the United States. Please don't hate us. - $109.95


text:
Bellville Times
Retired Colonel Robert T. Townsend, 90, of Brenham passed away Sunday, Jan. 6, 2013 at Scott & White Hospital-Brenham. He is survived by his wife, Ruth Fuller Townsend of Brenham. Col. Townsend was born March 6, 1922 in San Diego, Calif.
He was a follower of Jesus Christ and a member of St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Brenham.
Col. Townsend grew up in Houston and graduated from Texas A&M in 1943 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering. Throughout his life, he was a faithful supporter of A&M and served as class agent for his class.
Col. Townsend served in the Army for 30 honorable years. During his career, he served his nation around the world and during many conflicts, including the Philippines and Japan during WWII, and in Korea, Vietnam and Africa. Upon retirement, he resided in Weimar and ranched for 15 years. Subsequently, he moved to Bryan and Brenham.
He was preceded in death by one granddaughter, Mary Fuller Hintzel.
Other survivors include his brother, George P. Townsend, Jr., of West Hartford, Conn.; his sons, Colonel (U.S. Army, retired) James Townsend and Lieutenant Colonel (U.S. Army, retired) David Townsend, both of Valrico, Fla.; one stepson, Bill Fuller of Bellville; three stepdaughters, Kathleen Jones and Libby Kiecke, both of Brenham and Beth Stark of Chappell Hill; and 11 grandchildren, Lieutenant Colonel Ginger Norris (U.S. Army) of Alexandria, Va. and June Kuypers of Orlando, Fla.; Martin Fuller of Lubbock, Wesley Jones of Huntsville, Jenny Bradfield of Bellville, Adam Kiecke of Katy, Aaron Kiecke, Rachel Kiecke, Julianna Stark and Elizabeth Stark, all of Austin, and Robert Stark, Jr. of Chappell Hill; and six great-grandchildren, Grady Norris of Alexandria Va., Kenley Kuypers and Braden Kuypers of Orlando, Fla., and Perry Lynch Hintzel, Nicholas Bradfield and Olivia Bradfield of Bellville.
A Celebration of Life Service was at 11 a.m. Jan. 15 at St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Brenham. Internment was at 11 a.m. Jan. 16 at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery in San Antonio.
The family asks that in lieu of flowers, donations be sent in honor of Col. Robert Townsend to Hospice Brazos Valley, 302 E. Blue Bell Rd., Brenham, TX 77833, (979) 277-9525 (www.hospicebrazosvalley.org). Please include your full name and address if you choose to make a donation.
Posted by Joy Neely


text:
Watch El Cazador de la Bruja
You are viewing Episode list with English Subbed. Navigate the episode to watch the video..
Total of Episodes: 26
Genres: Adventure, Drama, Mystery, Supernatural,
Plot Summary: Ellis, a young girl suspected of murdering prominent physicist Heinrich Schneider, is on the run from prosecution when she is tracked down by a female bounty hunter Nadie in a small Mexican town. However, instead of turning her in, Nadie impulsively decides to help her and the two embark on a journey south where they hope to find clues about Ellis' past. The guiding stars of their journey are the mysterious gemstone "Rosa del Inca" and the "Eternal City" of Wiñay Marka.
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text: No recent wiki edits to this page. Overview Manon before joining the OSS. Born in Dubuisson, Manon Batiste grew up in Paris along with her brother Jacques. After the Nazi occupation of France begins, they decide to become resistance fighters, and join the Maquis. When her brother dies in an ambush, Manon flees Paris and eventually signs up with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). As an agent, she is sent to various locations throughout Europe and Africa to disrupt the Nazi war effort. Appearances Manon first appeared in the original Medal of Honor as a French Resistance agent who aided protagonist James Patterson; she plays a a similar role in a later game, Allied Assault. Players take control of her in the first sequel, Underground, which follows her exploits as a member of the OSS. Her final appearance is in one of the later missions in Medal of Honor: European Assault. As Lt. William Holt, players are sent to rescue her from a farmhouse in Belgium where she is being held captive. Trivia - The character of Manon was partially based on Hélène Deschamps Adams (1921-2006). During the occupation, Hélène worked for the Resistance and the OSS in a variety of capacities. Although her role was primarily non-combative, her work is credited with saving the lives of many soldiers and Jewish families. -James Patterson, the protagonist of several Medal of Honor games, proposed to Manon at the end of the war. - In European Assault, her last name is changed to Du Champs, probably as a more obvious nod to Hélène.


text:
- Search
- Research
- Services
- Libraries & Spaces
- About
Working with maps or other geographic information? ArcGIS 10.2 is now available on all Windows-based computers in the Library! ArcGIS is used for creating and using maps; compiling geographic data; analyzing mapped information; sharing and discovering geographic information; using maps and geographic information in a range of applications; and managing geographic information in a database. The new version, 10.2, represents a significant upgrade in the software, improving ease of use, real-time data access and integration with existing infrastructure.
Remember that you can always check the software and hardware the Library offers on our website.


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text:
A framework for the education of the information professions in Australia.
Partridge, Helen L. & Yates, Christine (2012) A framework for the education of the information professions in Australia. Australian Library Journal, 61(2), pp. 81-94.
Published Version
(PDF 140kB)
In recent years there has been considerable discussion afforded to the challenges facing the future of library and information science (LIS) education in Australia. This paper outlines a twelve-month project funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council that was undertaken by eleven institutions representing university and vocational LIS education in Australia. The project established a Framework for the Education of the Information Professions in Australia that provides a set of strategic recommendations that will inform future directions of Australian LIS education. This national project represented a bold move within Australian LIS education, and provided a unique opportunity for LIS educators across Australia to collectively unite in order to 'future-proof' education for future generations of LIS professionals.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
Full-text downloads:
Full-text downloads displays the total number of times this work's files (e.g., a PDF) have been downloaded from QUT ePrints as well as the number of downloads in the previous 365 days. The count includes downloads for all files if a work has more than one.
|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Journal Article
|Additional Information:
|Project was funded by an Australian Learning and Teaching Council Priority Grant.
|Additional URLs:
|vocational education and training, information profession, HERN, professional education, higher education, library and information science
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > INFORMATION AND COMPUTING SCIENCES (080000) > LIBRARY AND INFORMATION STUDIES (080700)
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > EDUCATION (130000) > EDUCATION SYSTEMS (130100) > Higher Education (130103)
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > EDUCATION (130000) > EDUCATION SYSTEMS (130100) > Technical Further and Workplace Education (130108)
|Past > Schools > Information Systems
Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Science & Engineering Faculty
|Copyright Owner:
|Copyright 2012 Australian Library and Information Association Ltd.
|Deposited On:
|19 Jun 2012 22:57
|Last Modified:
|27 Feb 2015 07:33
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text:
Fantastic opportunity to build your dream on this spectacular 5.5 acre lot with Panoramic views of almost 360 degrees of the Chester Springs countryside and rolling terrain. One-of-a-kind site with potential to custom build on this blank canvas in this enclave of 3 custom homes.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this website appears in part through the TREND Internet Data Exchange program, a voluntary cooperative exchange of property listing data between licensed real estate brokerage firms in which Callaway Henderson Sotheby's International Realty participates, and is provided by TREND through a licensing agreement and identified with the TREND IDX Logo. Some properties which appear for sale on this website may no longer be available because they are under contract, have sold or are no longer being offered for sale. Some real estate firms do not participate in IDX and their listings do not appear on this website.Some properties listed with participating firms do not appear on this website at the request of the seller.
2017 TREND, All Rights Reserved. Information Deemed Reliable But Not Guaranteed.


text:
(CNSNews.com)- House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D.-Calif.) told a recent gathering of the Women's Political Committee that the spirits of suffragists Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Alice Paul spoke to her at the White House.
Pelosi said she heard them say: "At last we have a seat at the table"
Note: This is the full video.
For the clipped down version, visit CNSNews.


text:
Yes indeed,
Been a BMW Owner for years and used to frequent e36coupe.com
However, have now just bought a BMW X5 4.4i
From Sunderland in the North East.
Have posted up a another topic in X5 Forum with some new owner questions.
BMW X5 2001 4.4i - New Owner Questions


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
King Heroin
Fellow Americans
Lady Americans
This is James Brown
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This is James Brown
Features of This Trackclassic soul qualities
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mixed acoustic and electric instrumentation
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and many other similarities identified in the Music Genome Project
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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U.S.A. Registered. Solid yellow cedar hull. Ready to go trolling. Good starter boat with gear, and is set up well. Our file number: LW4350
File Number: LW4350
Contact the Listing Broker: Margaret Harris - firstname.lastname@example.com
See more details at - http:\\www.pacificboatbrokers.com\details.asp?file_number=LW4350
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text:
New Delhi: Taiwan-based ASUS Technology today said it is eyeing a 20 percent share of the Indian tablet PC market as it launches new devices here.
"We are looking at increasing our share from five percent to 20 percent this year and we are confident that with the line up we have planned, we would be able to achieve the target," ASUS Technology India Managing Director (Systems Business Group) Alex Huang told reporters here.
ASUS has launched its much-awaited tablet PC 'Eee Pad Transformer Prime' in the country today, priced at Rs 49,999.
The 10.1-inch device is the first tablet PC to use NVIDIA Tegra 3 Quad-Core CPU, which allows faster web browsing and HD video playing.
"The new offering distinguishes itself from the sea of tablets with its aggressive pricing and an optional accessory that easily transforms it into a notebook," Huang said.
Transformer Prime comes with Android Honeycomb 3.2 Operating System, which can be free upgraded to the latest Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich operating system.
Other salient features include a MicroSD Card Reader, Micro HDMI port and eight GB life time ASUS Web storage space as well as an eight MP rear auto-focus camera with LED flash.
The company is looking at expanding its portfolio in the Indian market in the coming months with introduction of newer models with 3G connectivity as well as other form factors like 7-inch devices.
Publish date: March 1, 2012 6:24 pm| Modified date: March 1, 2012 6:24 pm


text:
The type of top dressing plane modified into a skydiving passenger plane that crashed at Fox Glacier nearly two years ago, killing all nine on board, was notorious for engine failure or technical defects, a former Civil Aviation safety investigator has told an inquest.
Mark Houston said that since the Fletcher FU turbo-prop aircraft came into service in New Zealand there had been 17 engine failures and at least 20 control failures or engine mount defects, any of which could have caused the pilot of the Skydive NZ plane to lose control in the 2010 crash.
Mr Houston told the inquest in Greymouth today that a Transport Accident Investigation Commission (TAIC) conclusion that excess weight and a load shift had caused the fatal flight was flawed, saying the possibility of engine failure had been dismissed too quickly.
He said the opinion of some witnesses that the pilot briefly regained control of the plane was also incorrect because tests that he had since conducted in an identical aircraft had proved otherwise.
Meanwhile, Donald McGill, the designer who oversaw the conversion of the plane from a top dresser to a passenger carrier, said tests that he and another qualified test pilot carried out last week on an identical aircraft had proved to him that the opinion of the TAIC, and that of independent aviation expert Barry Payne, that the two fundamental causes for the crash were an incorrectly set tail flap rudder, and the plane being out of balance due to excess weight and load shift, were also flawed.
The tests, commissioned and overseen by Civil Aviation, were conducted with the same laden weight as the stricken Fox Glacier plane, but Mr McGill accepted that the weights had been strapped in and could not move during his test.
When asked by the mother of one of the victims why the tests were not conducted with a "moveable" load, Mr McGill said that would have been "too hazardous".
He also accepted that the flight manual should have been changed after the plane conversion because the weight and balance checks were still those of a crop duster and not a passenger plane, but he said that was not his responsibility. He had submitted the flight manual to Civil Aviation, which had authorised it.
Foreign tourists Patrick Byrne, 26, from Ireland, Glenn Bourke, 18, from Australia, Annita Kirsten, 23, from Germany, and Brad Coker, 24, from England, together with four skydive masters Adam Bennett, 47, Michael Suter, 32, Christopher McDonald, 62, and Rod Miller, 55, and their pilot Chaminda Senadhira died in the September 4, 2010 crash.


text:
USE Questionnaire Order Form
Please note that the USE was discontinued at the end of 2014.
From 2015, the USE has been replaced by the Unit of Study Survey (USS).
Under the USS system, ordering is automatic, and the list of units of study to be surveyed each year is generated from information in Sydney Student. Confirmation of details such as the unit of study coordinator name, and open and close dates for each survey is the responsibility of the USS faculty administrators.
If you have any queries about USS ordering, please contact the relevant person in your faculty in the first instance (refer to table here).


text:
iDracula, it's like The Chaos Engine on the iPhone
Posted on 3rd Mar 2009 at 11:08 by Alex Watson with 6 comments
All you have to do is survive an endless onslaught of bad guys (and weirdly enough given the name, none of these bad guys are actually vampires).
It's currently number 1 in the iTunes chart for iPhone and iPod Touch games, and it's not hard to see why. It's only 59p, the graphics are great and it's action from the get-go. Given the title, you'd expect to be fighting vampires, but so far I haven't seen any – I have however, killed enough werewolves to make enough wolfskin suits for a football team, plenty of creepy-crawly dudes and I've bagged enough wizards to remake Lord of the Rings.
The single level is dotted with gaslights and centres around a spooky fountain. These can both help and hinder you as you dodge around trying to avoid legions of supernatural enemies. To fight them off you start off with a pistol but can pick up crossbows, rifles, grenades, and more, and there are also RPG-lite power-ups available for your character. One of these is even, rather niftily, named after Fieldrunners.
In terms of responsiveness, iDracula's control system is perhaps the best thing about the game, as it's one of the few iPhone games that manages to replicate much of the precision of a traditional joypad. It does this by doing away with any use of the motion sensors, and opting for two dials on either side of the screen. One controls movement, the other, direction of fire. The only issue is that your character can sometimes end up under one of the dials. Tighter camera tracking could solve this, although it's not a problem that ruins the game.
iDracula handles interruptions such as calendar reminders well, although the level takes a while to load – this could do to be improved. I would also ask for more levels, but the developers posted the screenshot you see above on the TouchArcade forums so they clearly have plans to develop it. There's also a slideshow on YouTube showing more new levels. At 59p, it's definitely worth buying.
iDracula is available for iPhone and iPod Touch. It costs 59p/99c from the iTunes store.


text:
After 11 rounds of competition the 2011 Motocross season is coming to an end. The MX season finale will be held this weekend at the Pala Raceway in San Diego.
For at least another year, Tony Cairoli will be wearing the number one plate. The Red Bull Teka KTM rider added another championship notch to his belt with a fantastic performance in Gaildorf, Germany.
Ashley Fiolek is just two races away from claiming the 2011 AMA Women's Motocross championship. Fiolek extended her lead to 30 points over Jessica Patterson by taking the overall win last weekend at Southwick.
For the first in his career, Brett Metcalfe claimed an overall AMA Motocross win. Metcalfe took a third and second during a wet MX event at Southwick to claim the overall victory.
I've got some bad news for American Motocross fans. The rumors about Antonio Cairoli heading to the AMA Motocross series are false. The KTM rider has just renewed his contract and will race in the FIM MX1 series again in 2012.
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