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Clifford Chance: the start of something big
The merger of the year, if not the next decade, was that between Clifford-Turner and Coward Chance. The negotiations were conducted in the utmost secrecy in a client's flat off Berkeley Square.
"We're putting together two successful firms," Keith Clark, a partner at Coward Chance, told The Lawyer. "We're combining depth and width in the London market and creating a comprehensive range for international coverage."
Clark, who would later become chief executive of the firm
and lead the tripartite merger negotiations with Rogers & Wells and Pünder Volhard Weber & Axster in 1999, is now general counsel at Morgan Stanley.
His point about depth of resources was well made. The combined firm would have more than 169 partners and a total of 630 fee-earning staff worldwide – overtaking Linklaters in the London size league. Clifford Chance's combined turnover at the time was estimated to be more than £200m. "I admire them for their bravery," said one City partner.
But such faint praise was an exception; most lawyers were bowled over at the audacity of the move. "I think it's first class, magnificent, a sign of things to come," said DJ Freeman senior partner David Freeman (DJ Freeman became Kendall Freeman in 2003).
Looking back on the merger, Geoffrey Howe, who would become managing partner of Clifford Chance between 1989 and 1998, says: "It was clearly an event which caused many people to think hard about what their firms would and should be doing. It created the biggest firm and a very clear strategic rationale for what was being done.
"The single thing we did and were clear about wasn't so much about size, it was the international one-firm model.
"Before then we had people who dabbled. In those days there was just Baker & McKenzie, which looked uneven, but our model was one integrated law firm, one management structure and one profit pool – and not just practising
English law."
The first 20 partners to be made up to the joint firm were an illustrious bunch. They included corporate partners Adam Signy and Ian Sellars (the latter is now a partner at private equity house Permira) and banking partner Mark Harding – now general counsel at Barclays.
Lawyers get ad break
In January 1987 a pilot issue of The Lawyer reported that the Law Society had removed many of the restrictions on solicitors' freedom to advertise, send out mail shots and sponsor events.
The Lawyer said: "This decision, unthinkable just a few years ago, is just the first step along a path that might eventually lead to mixed partnerships and incorporation."
However, the Law Society Council meeting rejected a proposal to allow solicitors to make business arrangements with non-solicitors.
The debate was the first shot in a longer battle over the issue of mixed partnerships between solicitors and non-solicitors – something that would take 20 years to resolve.
The adoption of new marketing and PR techniques was a slow process, reported The Lawyer.
"The public relations advisers have been concerned not to
frighten off their new clients. And some lawyers have been reluctant to allow their new colleagues much room for manoeuvre," The Lawyer said.
Firms had already embarked on producing glossy brochures.
"With the relaxation of Law Society rules concerning advertising, there will be a rapid further increase in the range and distribution of these pamphlets. Already McKenna [now CMS Cameron McKenna] produces a newsletter for its clients and it is certain to be followed by other firms," said The Lawyer.
By June 1987 things were moving fast. The decision by Carlisle-based PI firm Burnetts to advertise on television made headlines in the magazine.
Later in the year The Lawyer reported that Rambert School of Ballet was hoping to profit from the Law Society's new publicity code on sponsors, and was contacting Linklaters & Paines to discuss opportunities.
In May that year The Lawyer reported that Northampton firm Howes Percival was paying £50,000 to sponsor the Orchestra of St John's, Smith Square, in a series of concerts to raise money for paraplegic and quadraplegic victims of accidents.
Little then large: the boutique boys' experiences
Although 1987 was the year of the mega-merger, voices were raised in defence of the small firm. The Lawyer profiled two-partner commercial boutique Brafman Morris, which was making a healthy living in small- to medium-sized corporate and property work, while a litigation lawyer called Tony Morton-Hooper wrote to The Lawyer protesting that niche firms such as his had a "very exciting and rewarding future". What happened to them?
Twenty years on and Morton-Hooper is head of litigation at Mishcon de Reya, while Bill Brafman of Brafman Morris joined Cameron Markby Hewitt/CMS Cameron McKenna until he left for US firm Kaye Scholer in 2000.
Brafman says: "Twenty years ago Tony Morris and I had been busy establishing a successful niche practice, Brafman Morris. We were lucky in our timing. I started up in 1983.
Tax rates, thanks to Margaret Thatcher, were on their way down, from 83 per cent on earned income to 60 per cent, and then today's 40 per cent. The slowdown that was caused by the restructuring of the industrial and economic landscape, which Thatcher commenced, was followed by the more open, entrepreneurial style that has done so much to reshape our economy.
"I was aware, though, that while we were very lucky in our practice in having supportive clients, and in Tony a fellow controlling partner in whom I had total trust, the days when small firms without big resources would be trusted with big transactions were numbered. We also feared a recession.
"We received a regular stream of merger offers, due to our profile and profitability, until we were approached by Cameron Markby, which was trying to pull off a three-way merger with us and Hewitt Woolacott & Chown. This was a chance for us to merge with a counter-cyclical practice with partners who I still respect and look up to. I had to give up a large slug of profit share to do this, as did Tony; but in 1990 the recession struck and CMH's profits shot up to more than compensate for that.
"In 20 years I've come full circle. I am again in a 'small but beautiful' environment, but this time with a muscular and in some areas market-leading firm. I continue to enjoy my professional life."
Morton-Hooper says: "My old firm was a boutique practice just off Broadgate. We observed Big Bang from the sidelines, ever watchful for new gaps in the market. I'd moved from the sleeping giant that was Norton Rose.
"There were three of us to start with: we soon grew to 30-strong. Our business model was based on the hope that the phone would ring. We had nobody to mentor or guide us, least of all our bank, which was a source of consistently poor advice.
"Our finances were always a bit too vulnerable to the effects of profit squeezes and poor cashflow. To be
entirely self-supporting is both thrilling and nightmarish. Being lawyers and running a small business were two separate functions that we struggled with. Although we were well trained, effective and results-orientated lawyers, we never mastered the art of firm management.
"Property was a core business and like many others we were hurt by the decline of the late '80s and early '90s. But we learnt the basics of building our practices. The practice attracted some good clients. Many were loyal and
appreciated that the survival instinct meant we were driven to succeed for them and for us.
"We found our different niches, but each outgrew our little boutique. It was a launch-pad that propelled me to Mishcon de Reya, where I've been happy for 16 years.
"I learnt then that, as a litigator, you have to be willing to shape yourself to suit the market, and that means you have to be adaptable and quick on your feet. I regret we're required to be so obsessed with process and form. The essentials of giving clear and independent advice and always fighting hard for your client, are being relegated."
Look, a doomed merger
Withers merged with Crossman Block in August 1987 to create a 24-partner firm, one of the biggest in the City at the time.
But familiarity – the firms' offices were less than 100 metres apart – bred contempt.
By August 1989 The Lawyer reported that the firm had decided to demerge because of a 'culture clash'.
The Crossman partners had precipitated the demerger; Crossman was taken over by Radcliffes over a decade later. Withers remained
But look, a better one
Just seven months after the Clifford Chance merger, a second mega-deal took place. Lovell White & King and Durrant Piesse signed a deal to create the second-largest firm in the UK after Clifford Chance and overtaking Linklaters.
Durrant Piesse's banking reputation – particularly its relationship with Barclays – made it an attractive candidate, although it had less than half the number of partners – 32 – as Lovell White, which had 68.
The Slaughter and May view
"The trends are tending to favour the big firms and the business is tending to be concentrated on fewer and larger firms."
Michael Pescod, corporate partner, Slaughter and May, 1987
And the Travers Smith view
"You can't have the City run by two or three firms. We're a firm with a distinctive style. We place a lot of emphasis on having a close relationship with the client."
Christopher Bell, senior partner, Travers Bell, 1987
"I'd hazard a guess that, by the year 2000, firms will be a great deal larger, they'll have their own pools of advocates, who may or may not possess other specialist skills. The bar will exist, but not in the numbers that they presently enjoy. There will be a specialist bar, it will not have exclusive rights of audience – indeed, it will not need exclusive rights of audience."
Tony Holland, Law Society Council member, February 1987
"Being a junior partner in a large City law firm seems to bear a striking resemblance to Lorenzo Tonti's 17th century banking scheme. Patience, tact and a willingness to be played off against one's contemporaries seem increasingly to be essential attributes for surviving the protracted career structures of the mega-firm."
Jonathan Silverman, Silverman Sherliker, May 1987
"Every picture in the 21 May issue of The Lawyer is of men in suits. Is that why your analysis article in the same issue is entitled 'Attracting the new boys'?"
Yours wonderingly, Anthea Vanden, Cardiff. Letter, 18 June 1987
Recruitment videos
The talk of the graduate recruitment round was Norton Rose's video 'A Law Business', made for £40,000 by Broadwick Productions.
The M5 Group begins joint marketing
One of the most influential regional law firm groupings, the M5 Group, began to produce joint client bulletins in the wake of the Law Society's decision to relax the rules on marketing and advertising. The group was then made up of Bond Pearce in Plymouth and Exeter, Burges Salmon in Bristol, Mills & Reeve in Norwich and Cambridge and Wragge & Co in Birmingham. They would later be joined by Addleshaw Sons & Tatham in Manchester and Booth & Co in Leeds.
Of the group, all have remained independent, apart from Addleshaws and Booth & Co, which merged in the mid-1990s and then took over Theodore Goddard a decade later, becoming Addleshaw Goddard.
The PI litigation of the year
Joint venture disaster litigation specialists Pannone Napier began coordinating solicitors representing victims of the Townsend Thoreson ferry disaster. Pannone Napier was set up in 1985 as an offshoot of Goldburn Blackburn in Manchester (now Pannone) and Irwin Mitchell in Sheffield and was almost immediately involved in cases such as the Blackburn train crash and the fire at Bradford City FC's football ground.
Superb recruitment wheeze
Fifteen-partner Leeds firm Simpson Curtis (now Pinsent Masons) was having difficulty getting itself noticed by lawyers in the overheated recruitment market. So it began an advertising campaign that told students about comparative house prices in Yorkshire and London and launched a recruitment drive at the Savoy Hotel among London-based agencies.
Unfortunately the event was somewhat of a damp squib. Practice development partner Martin Shaw said the initial response from solicitors had been "disappointing".
"We're seriously interviewing two of the people who came," he said.
Salaries ranged from £12,000 for newly-qualifieds to £30,000 plus a car for senior associates. Simpson Curtis's emphasis on house prices was underlined by the presence of a Leeds estate agent who came to the Savoy with the law firm. So the price of a decent-sized house in Leeds in 1987? £25,000.
The international best friend from hell
There were red faces at Berwin Leighton in 1987 when it discovered that its US best friend Finley Kumble was falling apart – five months after the transatlantic link was set up.
The US giant – the third-largest in the country – had expanded too rapidly and due to the use of dubious business practices it was falling apart, with liabilities of more than $76m (£40.87m) and lawsuits pending.
The Lawyer reported: "Its methods attracted a great deal of hostility and it was client-orientated at the expense of internal relations – its own associates rated it the worst firm in New York for training and staff guidance."
Sir Max Williams,
Clifford Chance
Sir Max Williams was one of the architects of the merger of the decade, but he was far from being your average City solicitor.
Educated at Pangbourne Naval Academy, in 1943 he accidentally burnt down the library and half the school with an illicit cigarette. During the inquiry that followed, he enlisted in the Royal Artillery.
"On the basis I'd inflicted on myself a far more severe punishment by joining the army than they ever could, I wasn't expelled," he said.
He qualified as a solicitor in 1950 in the family firm in Fishguard in Pembrokeshire, Wales, and then moved to London. Williams eventually became senior partner of Clifford Turner and after the merger became joint senior partner at Clifford Chance.
The silk list for 1987 included some names that would become illustrious in the Inns of Court. A total of 269 barristers applied and 53 were promoted. Only two women were called: Hilary Heilbron and Barbara Dohmann.
John Hendy was the silk from the least traditional background. The son of a trade union official, he was educated at a comprehensive school before taking an external LLB at Ealing Technical College and then a Master's in Trade Union Law at Queen's University, Belfast. He represented the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) in their civil cases during the miners' strike.
"I'm an honorary member of the NUM now," he told The Lawyer, "and probably its first member to take silk."
Also taking silk in 1987 was one David Neuberger, who was the second most junior barrister to be called that year.
In 1987, 15 per cent of solicitors were women, but the mid-1980s saw a sudden influx of females into the profession, according to statistics in The Lawyer. In 1985, 41 per cent of solicitors admitted were female, compared with 30 per cent in 1981 and 6 per cent in 1965.
Rosalind Bax, the first female partner in Coward Chance (which became Clifford Chance in 1987), says: "When I was a student one took it for granted that one would be in a minority and that one had to be better than men to get on. Now attitudes have changed drastically and preference is usually based on merit."
In June 1987 The Lawyer reported that South East firm Thomas Eggar had promoted not one, but two female solicitors to the partnership – Tina Webster and Amanda King-Jones. (So newsworthy was it that the magazine ran two enormous pictures of the new partners on the People Moves page.)
Recalling that time, King-Jones, who was a four-year-qualified associate when she was promoted, says: "There had already been other lady partners in the firm and then, as now, one was appointed on one's own merits, capabilities and contribution to the firm. There was no distinction made between female and male candidates for partnership. Perhaps my knowledge of the race circuits and courses following my husband-to-be's racing passion might have stood me in good stead.
"As far as I was aware at the time, there were no criteria to become a partner. Now it's very sophisticated, with criteria covering all aspects: financial performance, management, business development, client retention, internal and external profile and so forth. Then it was based on a paper, and so far as I recall a presentation by a 'sponsor' partner at the partners' meeting."


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Posted by Laura Ramos on the B2B Marketing Professionals Blog on August 18, 2014
Phoenix in the summer. To say it's "hot" is an understatement.
Weather reports predict a rather balmy 92 degrees F for Thursday of this week.
Mild compared to the last time I attended the Marketing Technology Summit, co-sponsored by the Phoenix chapter of the BMA and the Arizona Technology Council.
This year's hot topic is big data -- one of the four market imperatives Forrester believes will help companies to thrive in this digital age where buyers, business-to-business included, control most aspects of the purchase process. I'm speaking at the Summit, talking about how B2B marketers can unlock the power of their data. If you are in the Phoenix area, I hope you will join me.
Posted by Laura Ramos on the B2B Marketing Professionals Blog on May 7, 2014
Do you approach data analytics with the same enthusiasm as a big pile of leafy vegetables? You know you need to consume more of it, but, man, that steak, fries, or big piece of chocolate cake just seem so much more appealing.
Recently I asked Forrester webinar listeners (mostly marketing folks) to rate how they approached data analytics. It's a small sample, I know, but bear with me for a second.
Of the 16 people responding to the poll, six said that they were somewhat effective, and nine said that they were not effective or didn't use data analytics at all (the figure here shows the actual results). Taken together, that's more than 90%.
I found this fascinating because, just about a year ago, I teamed up with ITSMA and VisionEdge Marketing to explore the state of marketing's performance management. While quizzing participants about reporting and dashboards, we slipped in a question or two about data analytic effectiveness, and the distribution of responses in 2013 are similar to this poll: Only 10% of those surveyed gave themselves a "thumbs up" for data analytic proficiency. What's going on here? Do marketers really approach data with the same gusto as a large plate of kale?

subset: commoncrawl


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Approach tackles most commonly used synthetic plastic
A new way of recycling millions of tons of plastic garbage into liquid fuel has been devised by researchers from the University of California, Irvine and the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC) in China.
"Synthetic plastics are a fundamental part of modern life, but our use of them in large volume has created serious environmental problems," said UCI chemist Zhibin Guan. "Our goal through this research was to address the issue of plastic pollution as well as achieving a beneficial outcome of creating a new source of liquid fuel."
Guan and Zheng Huang, his collaborator at SIOC, together with their colleagues have figured out how to break down the strong bonds of polyethylene, the most common commercially available form of plastic. Their innovative technique centers on the use of alkanes, specific types of hydrocarbon molecules, to scramble and separate polymer molecules into other useful compounds. The team's findings were published recently in Science Advances.


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RIE toys are simple—a paisley scarf, a wooden spoon, a plastic colander—so as to stimulate imagination and motor skills.
Stir vigorously, using a wooden spoon, until the mixture pulls from the sides of the pan and begins to form a ball in the center.
Using a wooden spoon, mix constantly until the gelatin dissolves, approximately 3-5 minutes.
Rub the rest through the wire sieve with a wooden spoon until nothing but the skins remain.
Stir it well together with a wooden spoon for fifteen or twenty minutes, till it is quite smooth, and the colour of a guinea.
Put it into a saucepan; beat it perfectly smooth with a wooden spoon; add a bit of butter, and three tablespoonfuls of cream.
He knew the days he had to serve, and used to nick them off every night on his wooden spoon.
Mix all the ingredients together, stirring hard with a wooden spoon.
The swineherd dropped his wooden spoon into the bowl with a clatter.
Make the outside of the rice perfectly smooth with the back of a wooden spoon.


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Florida ID: 5891
2513 James River Road
This home has been sold
We have 1061 similar homes for sale.
- Price$274,900
- TypeHouse
- Bedrooms3
- Bathrooms2
- Garage Spaces2
- Approx. Sq. Ft.2,163
Key Features
- Waterfront
- Deck
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The City of West Palm Beach, with its sunny palm-lined streets, historic neighborhoods, and year-round outdoor festivals, is a vibrant destination that continues to increase in appeal.
Future plans call for the continued development of the downtown waterfront district. Today, an increasing number of year-round residents mix with the seasonal visitors to enjoy the fashionable lounges, cozy pubs, eclectic boutiques and fine restaurants that stretch from downtown's CityPlace to Clematis Street. Art and antiques collectors from around the globe come to West Palm Beach in search of one-of-a-kind pieces available at the dozens of stores lining "Antiques Row" on West Palm's Dixie Highway.


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Speed up your debug routine!
Automated exception search integrated into your IDE
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Batch entry 0 insert into IMAGEDETAILS (HEIGHT, WIDTH, MIMETYPE, ATTACHMENTID) values (482, 630, 'image/jpeg', 17137749) was aborted. Call getNextException to see the cause.
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Coaching is partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential. The IWU Life Coaching program supports the School of Life Calling and Integrative Learning and IWU's missions by assisting individuals in discovering their unique, God-given design, developing a sense of life calling, and equipping them with fundamental life skills for future personal and professional development.
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Coaching can help students gain a more clear sense of their current life calling, increase leadership potential as world changers and identify a career path before graduation. To increase clarity on these three areas, all Wildcats can receive coaching at no cost for a minimum of three hours by a trained professional for life purpose and career development before graduation.
To arrange a life coaching appointment or to find out more information about this program, contact the School of Life Calling and Integrative Learning by calling (765) 677-2520 or sending an email to firstname.lastname@example.com
To learn more about the coaching approach and how it compares with counseling and advising, read more here:
Last updated: 06/13/2016


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Sorry if the answer to this is among the problems already posted in this forum but I've just spent the last three hours looking and cant find anything like this issue anywhere in here.
A few days ago I noticed that the left side low beam light was not working, with the light switch still on I turned the globe assy to remove it from the main light assy and as soon as it was removed the light came back on. I put it back into position and it stayed on. This was during the day so I didn't notice how long it stayed on for, but when I got out of the car the next time and checked, it was off again. I removed the globe assy again and as soon as it was removed it came back on, now the right side low beam is doing the same thing.
Could this be a similar issue to the high beam getting stuck on ? I've had the high beam problem also and fixed it, with help from this forum, by replacing the transistors in the LCM.


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Dr. George Sweeting tells of an incident in the early 1920s when Communist leader Nikolai Bukharin was sent from Moscow to Kiev to address an anti-God rally. For an hour he abused and ridiculed the Christian faith until it seemed as if the whole structure of belief was in ruins. Then questions were invited.
An Orthodox church priest rose and asked to speak. He turned, faced the people, and gave the Easter greeting, "He is risen!" Instantly the assembly rose to its feet and the reply came back loud and clear, "He is risen indeed!"
But is He? Has Jesus Christ risen from the tomb of your sin-dead life as Lord and Savior? Does He rule your life ... your passions, your thoughts, your desires? Is He Master, and are you servant?
If not, Jesus might as well still be sealed up in the tomb, for the great benefit of the resurrection of Jesus Christ is realized in our own lives only if we yield our lives to His! God wants us to "move the stone" and let the Son of God rise up within us and bring to us, the dead in sin, new life for which Jesus had laid down His own.
Rejoice at these words recorded in Romans 6:3-5, "Or have you forgotten that when we were joined with Christ Jesus in baptism, we joined Him in His death? For we died and were buried with Christ by baptism. And just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glorious power of the Father, now we also may live new lives. Since we have been united with Him in His death, we will also be raised to life as He was" (NLT).
If Christ doesn't REIGN in your life, then move the stone! Let the risen Savior lift you from brokenness to wholeness. If Jesus isn't LORD of your life, then "move the stone"! Surrender your will and your ways to the living Son of God, who lives and reigns on high. If you're tired of being dead in sin, then move the stone! Let the Savior who sacrificed all on your behalf give you a brand new life, make you a new creature, and set you free forever!
Sound good? Then move the stone ...


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The Raminator monster truck rolls over automobile bodies with no trouble.
MONROE — The Raminator monster truck will be on display Friday and Saturday at the Monroe Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram Superstore, 15160 South Dixie Highway, from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Friday and 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday.
The Ram monster truck, driven by Hall Brothers Racing, weighs in at 10,300 pounds, is more than 10 feet high, and has more than 2,000 horsepower.


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Pismo Beach
Pismo Beach Travel Guide
Photos from Pismo BeachPictures of Pismo Beach (2,473)
Hotel Deals in Pismo Beach
Videos from Pismo BeachPismo Beach Videos (15)
Hotels in Pismo BeachPismo Beach Accommodations (15)
SeaCrest OceanFront Hotel Pismo Beach
2241 Price Street, Pismo Beach, United States
Hilton Garden Inn Pismo Beach
601 James Way, Pismo Beach, United States
Oxford Suites Pismo Beach
651 Five Cities Dr, Pismo Beach, United States
Shore Cliff Hotel Pismo Beach
2555 Price St, Pismo Beach, United States
Travel Blogs from Pismo BeachPismo Beach Travel Blogs (210)
Cars, Wine, Beach and Theater.
... head out for brunch and to check out the town. It was very very busy in town, as we unexpectedly ran in to the 25th annual Pismo Beach Classic Car Show. We parked our not so classic Car and headed out to find some food first. We ran in to an American ...
Horses on the beach
... us as they were virtually camped along a fairly busy road, but it didn't seem to bother them. We stopped at a supermarket in Pismo Beach for a few supplies, and so I could prepare a home cooked meal in our motel room. The Oceana Inn at Pismo Beach, ...
On Our Way
... a trip that was to take us across America and to New York for our return flight home. We went North on route 101 and 1. At Pismo Beach we rented bikes and rode along the beach. The bikes kept stalling and getting stuck in the sand, but it was great ...
San Simeon to Shell beach 49 miles
Great, I do feel OK this morning - no probs with the Margaritas. Had a really great make your own waffle machine in the hotel so breakfast was sorted. Started off at 9.15 as usual but today the route wasn't directly uphill but it is much busier now we've ...
Attractions in Pismo BeachPismo Beach Attractions (3)
Monarch Butterfly Grove
State Hwy 1, Pismo Beach, California, United States
Harry's Night Club & Beach Bar
690 Cypress St, Pismo Beach, California, United States
Pismo Pier
Pismo Beach, California, United States


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Hi there. I am really struggling to find a watch for my wife. I have a Garmin Forerunner 405 which has GPS etc which my wife uses; I want to get a watch for her so I can have mine back!
The Garmin which I have is a bit big and bulky for her, but it does do the functions she is after, mainly she can set the pace she wants to run at, it will display this pace as she runs and also provide calories burnt, time etc once finished.
There are many Womens watches around which look ideal, but cant seem to find one where you can set your running pace. Can anyone help?
garmin 110 is great! easy to use
not bulky
Can I set the pace I want to run too?
Fair one!
I don't know how big the 110 recomended above is, might be worth getting a look at one. Doesn't look any smaller than the 405, though.
I don't know that the 110 allows you to set the pace you want to run at. Have look at the Garmin website, that will give you more details of each model.
I see they couldn't resist putting PINK on the women's version
Personally I'd rather have a big chunky watch to a little girlie one, usually means the screen is easier to read too!
I've got the 405cx and yes it is a bit chunky but for the money and what I needed it to do it was the perfect choice.
If I were you, I'd buy your wife one (sharing something like this is always a bad thing - and I'm sure your wife does not think of her and the watch as YOUR property - this is the 21st century after all lol!), and anyway she'll get used to wearing the watch - I use the velcro strap on mine which is very comfy.


text:
Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College (/ˈboʊdᵻn/ BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college located in Brunswick, Maine. At the time Bowdoin was chartered in 1794, Maine was still a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.[3] The college currently enrolls 1,839 students, and has a student–faculty ratio of 9:1. Bowdoin offers 33 majors and four additional minors, and offers joint engineering programs with Columbia University, Dartmouth College, and Caltech.[4][5]
|Ut Aquila Versus Coelum (Latin)
Motto in English
|As an eagle towards the sky
|June 24, 1794
|$1.340 billion (2016)[1]
|Clayton Rose
Academic staff
|1,799 (Fall 2015)[2]
|Brunswick, Maine, USA
Coordinates: 43°54′32″N 69°57′47″W / 43.909°N 69.963°W
|Black and White
|NCAA Division III – NESCAC
|Polar bear
|Annapolis Group
Oberlin Group
CBB Consortium
The college was a Founding Member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams and the school mascot was selected as a Polar Bear in 1913 to honor a Bowdoin alumnus who led the first successful expedition to the north pole.[6]
The main Bowdoin campus is located near Casco Bay and the Androscoggin River; in addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin also owns a 118-acre coastal studies center on Orr's Island,[7] and a 200-acre scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy.[8] For 2017 the college has been ranked as sixth-best liberal arts college in the U.S. by U.S. News & World Report,[9] and the best liberal arts college in the U.S. by Niche rankings.[10]
Founding and 19th centuryEdit
Bowdoin College was chartered in 1794 by the Massachusetts State Legislature and was later redirected under the jurisdiction of the Maine Legislature. It was named for former Massachusetts governor James Bowdoin, whose son James Bowdoin III was an early benefactor.[11] At the time of its founding, it was the easternmost college in the United States, as it was located in Maine.
Bowdoin began to develop in the 1820s, a decade in which Maine became an independent state as a result of the Missouri Compromise and graduated U.S. President Franklin Pierce who played an integral role the nation's enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act, and advocated for the land rights of cotton plantations. The college also graduated two literary philosophers, the writers Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, both of whom graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1825. Franklin and Hawthorne began an official militia company called the 'Bowdoin Cadets'.[12]
From its founding, Bowdoin was known to educate the sons of the politically elite and "catered very largely to the wealthy conservative from the state of Maine."[13] With the establishment of Bates College in nearby Lewiston, Bowdoin has historically competed with the school academically, and athletically, due to the natural rivalry that grew out of the stark difference between the two colleges, specifically regarding wealth, admissions, and academic platforms.[14][15] During the first half of the 19th century, Bowdoin required of its students a certificate of "good moral character" as well as knowledge of Latin and Ancient Greek, geography, algebra and the major works of Cicero, Xenophon, Virgil and Homer.[16]
Harriet Beecher Stowe, "the little lady who started this big war", started writing her influential anti-slavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin in Bowdoin's Appleton Hall while her husband was teaching at the college, and Brigadier General (and Brevet Major General) Joshua Chamberlain, a Bowdoin alumnus and professor, was present at the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House in 1865. Chamberlain, a Medal of Honor recipient who later served as governor of Maine, adjutant-general of Maine, and president of Bowdoin, fought in Gettysburg, where he was in command of the 20th Maine in defense of Little Round Top. Major General Oliver Otis Howard, class of 1850, led the Freedmen's Bureau after the war and later founded Howard University; Massachusetts Governor John Andrew, class of 1837, was responsible for the formation of the 54th Massachusetts; and William P. Fessenden (1823) and Hugh McCulloch (1827) both served as Secretary of the Treasury during the Lincoln Administration. However, the college's involvement in the Civil War was mixed as Bowdoin had many ties to slave labor and the Confederacy.
With strained slave-relations between political parties President Franklin Pierce appointed Jefferson Davis as his Secretary of War, and the college awarded the soon-to-be President of the Confederacy an honorary degree. The Jefferson Davis Award was given to a student who excelled in legal studies after a donation was given to the college by the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The award, however, was discontinued in 2015, with the current college president citing it as inappropriate due to the fact it was named after someone "whose mission was to preserve and institutionalize slavery."[17] President Ulysses S. Grant, too, was given an honorary degree from the college in 1865. Seventeen Bowdoin alumni attained the rank of brigadier general during the Civil War, including James Deering Fessenden and Francis Fessenden; Ellis Spear, class of 1858, who served as Chamberlain's second-in-command at Gettysburg; and Charles Hamlin, class of 1857, son of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin.[18]
20th centuryEdit
Although Bowdoin's Medical School of Maine closed its doors in 1921, it produced Dr. Augustus Stinchfield, who received his M.D. in 1868 and went on to become one of the co-founders of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. In 1877, the college would go on to graduate the infamous Charles Morse, the American banker who established near-monopoly of the ice business in New York, which directly lead to the financial Panic of 1907.[19] Another alumnus in the sciences is the controversial entomologist-turned-sexologist Alfred Kinsey, class of 1916.
The college went on to educate and eventually graduate Arctic explorers Robert E. Peary, class of 1877, and Donald B. MacMillan, class of 1898. Peary led the first successful expedition to the North Pole in 1908, and MacMillan, a member of Peary's crew, explored Greenland, Baffin Island and Labrador in the schooner Bowdoin between 1908 and 1954. Bowdoin's Peary–MacMillan Arctic Museum[20] honors the two explorers, and the college's mascot, the polar bear, was chosen in 1913 to honor MacMillan, who donated a statue of a polar bear to his alma mater in 1917.
Wallace H. White, Jr., class of 1899, served as Senate Minority Leader from 1944–1947 and Senate Majority Leader from 1947–1949; George J. Mitchell, class of 1954, served as Senate Majority Leader from 1989 to 1995 before assuming an active role in the Northern Ireland peace process; and William Cohen, class of 1962, spent twenty-five years in the House and Senate before being appointed Secretary of Defense in the Clinton Administration.
In 1970, it became one of a very limited number of liberal arts college to make the SAT optional in the admissions process, and in 1971, after nearly 180 years as a small men's college, Bowdoin admitted its first class of women. Bowdoin also phased out fraternities in the late 1990s, replacing them with a system of college-owned social houses. Bowdoin began competing in the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, with Bates and Colby in 1970. The consortium became an athletic rivalry, and academic exchange program. The three schools produce numerous contentions in athletics, most notably a football championship game and the Chase Regatta.
21st centuryEdit
In 2001, Barry Mills, class of 1972, was appointed as the fifth alumnus president of the college. On January 18, 2008, Bowdoin announced that it would be eliminating loans for all new and current students receiving financial aid, replacing those loans with grants beginning with the 2008–2009 academic year.[21] President Mills stated, "Some see a calling in such vital but often low paying fields such as teaching or social work. With significant debt at graduation, some students will undoubtedly be forced to make career or education choices not on the basis of their talents, interests, and promise in a particular field, but rather on their capacity to repay student loans. As an institution devoted to the common good, Bowdoin must consider the fairness of such a result."[21]
In February 2009, following a $10 million donation by Subway Sandwiches co-founder and alumnus Peter Buck, class of 1952, the college completed a $250-million capital campaign. Additionally, the college has also recently completed major construction projects on the campus, including a renovation of the college's art museum and a new fitness center named after Peter Buck.[22]
Course distribution requirements were abolished in the 1970s, but were reinstated by a faculty majority vote in 1981, as a result of an initiative by oral communication and film professor Barbara Kaster. She insisted that distribution requirements would ensure students a more well-rounded education in a diversity of fields and therefore present them with more career possibilities. The requirements of at least two courses in each of the categories of Natural Sciences/Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Humanities/Fine Arts, and Foreign Studies (including languages) took effect for the Class of 1987 and have been gradually amended since then. Current requirements require one course each in: Natural Sciences, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual and Performing Arts, International Perspectives and Exploring Social Differences. A small writing-intensive course, called a First Year Seminar, is also required.
In 1990, the Bowdoin faculty voted to change the four-level grading system to the traditional A, B, C, D and F system. The previous system, consisting of high honors, honors, pass and fail, was devised primarily to de-emphasize the importance of grades and to reduce competition.[23] In 2002, the faculty decided to change the grading system so that it incorporated plus and minus grades. In 2006, Bowdoin was named a "Top Producer of Fulbright Awards for American Students" by the Institute of International Education.[24]
Other notable Bowdoin faculty include (or have included): Edville Gerhardt Abbott, Charles Beitz, John Bisbee, Paul Chadbourne, Thomas Cornell, Kristen R. Ghodsee, Eddie Glaude, Joseph E. Johnson, Richard Morgan, Elliott Schwartz, and Scott Sehon.
|University rankings
|Liberal arts colleges
|U.S. News & World Report[26]
|Washington Monthly[27]
In the 2017 edition of the U.S. News & World Report rankings, Bowdoin was ranked sixth among liberal arts colleges in the United States.[9] In Forbes' 2016 college rankings, Bowdoin ranked 19th overall among all universities and colleges, and 7th among private liberal arts colleges.[28]
Bowdoin was ranked first among all liberal arts colleges in the United States by Niche in 2017,[29] above NESCAC rivals Williams College and Amherst College.[30]
Based on student's SAT scores, Bowdoin is tied with Williams for 5th in Business Insider's smartest liberal arts colleges with an average score of 1435 for math and critical reading combined.[31] Among all colleges, it is tied with Brown, Carnegie Mellon, and Williams for 22nd.[32] Bowdoin was named "School of the Year" by Niche, and is ranked 1st among liberal arts colleges.[33] The college was ranked 15th in the country by Washington Monthly.[34]
In 2006 Newsweek described Bowdoin as a "New Ivy", one of a number of liberal arts colleges and universities outside of the Ivy League, and it has also been dubbed a "Hidden Ivy".[35]
|Admit rate
|SAT range
|ACT range
Bowdoin accepted 13.4% or 963 of the 7,251 applicants for the class of 2021.[38][41] For the class of 2020, 6,788 students applied.[37] U.S. News and World Report classifies Bowdoin as "most selective".[42] Of enrolling students, 89% are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class.[43] Although Bowdoin does not require the SAT in admissions, all students must submit a score upon matriculation. The middle 50% SAT range for the verbal and math sections of the SAT is 660–750 and 660–750, respectively — numbers of only those submitting scores during the admissions process. The middle 50% ACT range is 30–33.[44]
The April 17, 2008, edition of The Economist noted Bowdoin in an article on university admissions: "So-called 'almost-Ivies' such as Bowdoin and Middlebury also saw record low admission rates this year (18% each). It is now as hard to get into Bowdoin, says the college's admissions director, as it was to get into Princeton in the 1970s." However, applicant levels have been declining since 2013.[45] Many students apply for financial aid, and around 85% of those who apply receive aid. Bowdoin is a need-blind and a no-loans institution.[21] While a significant portion of the student body hails from New England — including nearly 25% from Massachusetts and 10% from Maine — recent classes have drawn from an increasingly national and international pool. Although Bowdoin once had a reputation for homogeneity (both ethnically and socioeconomically), a diversity campaign has increased the percentage of students of color in recent classes to more than 31%.[46] In fact, admission of minorities goes back at least as far as John Brown Russwurm 1826, Bowdoin's first African-American college graduate, and the third African-American graduate of any American college.[47]
Student lifeEdit
Bowdoin's dining services have been ranked #1 among all universities and colleges nationally by Princeton Review in 2004, 2006, 2007, 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2016,[48] with The New York Times reporting: "If it weren't for the trays, and for the fact that most diners are under 25, you'd think it was a restaurant."[49] Bowdoin uses food from its organic garden in its two major dining halls, and every academic year begins with a lobster bake outside Farley Fieldhouse.[50]
Recalling his days at Bowdoin in a recent interview, Professor Richard E. Morgan (Class of 1959) described student life at the then-all-male school as "monastic," and noted that "the only things to do were either work or drink." (This is corroborated by the Official Preppy Handbook, which in 1980 ranked Bowdoin the number two drinking school in the country, behind Dartmouth.) These days, Morgan observed, the college offers a far broader array of recreational opportunities: "If we could have looked forward in time to Bowdoin's standard of living today, we would have been astounded."[51]
Since abolishing Greek fraternities in the late 1990s, Bowdoin has switched to a system in which entering students are assigned a "college house" affiliation correlating with their first-year dormitory. While six houses were originally established, following the construction of two new dorms, two were added effective in the fall of 2007, bringing the total to eight: Ladd (affiliated with Osher Hall), Baxter (West), Quinby (Appleton), MacMillan (Coleman), Howell (Hyde), Helmreich (Maine), Reed (Moore), and Burnett (Winthrop). The college houses are physical buildings around campus which host parties and other events throughout the year. Those students who choose not to live in their affiliated house retain their affiliation and are considered members throughout their Bowdoin career. Before the fraternity system was abolished in the 1990s, all the Bowdoin fraternities were co-educational (except for one unrecognized sorority and two unrecognized all-male fraternities).
Bowdoin's chapter of Phi Beta Kappa was founded in 1825. Those who have been inducted to the Maine chapter as undergraduates include Nathaniel Hawthorne (1825), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1825), Robert E. Peary (1877), Owen Brewster (1909), Harold Hitz Burton (1909), Paul Douglas (1913), Alfred Kinsey (1916), Thomas R. Pickering (1953), and Lawrence B. Lindsey (1976).
The largest student group on campus is the Outing Club, which leads canoeing, kayaking, rafting, camping and backpacking trips throughout Maine.[52] Bowdoin's Board Game Club currently holds the largest email base of any student group. One of the school's two historic rival literary societies, The Peucinian Society, has recently been revitalized from its previous form. The Peucinian Society was founded in 1805. This organization counts such people as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Joshua Chamberlain amongst its former members, though these individuals originally belonged to the Athenian Society (the second society of the two historic groups). These literary and intellectual societies were the dominant groups on campus before they declined in popularity after the rise of Greek fraternities.
Bowdoin competes in the Standard Platform League of RoboCup as the Northern Bites, where teams compete with 5 autonomous Aldebaran Nao robots. Bowdoin won the world championship in RoboCup 2007, beating Carnegie Mellon University, and finished 2nd in the 2015 US Open.[53][54]
Media and publicationsEdit
Bowdoin's student newspaper, The Bowdoin Orient, is the oldest continuously published college weekly in the United States.[55] The Orient was named the second best tabloid-sized college weekly at a Collegiate Associated Press conference in March 2007.[56] Additionally, the school's literary magazine, The Quill, has been published since 1897. The Bowdoin Globalist, an international news, culture, and politics magazine affiliated with the Global21 organization of college magazines has been publishing since 2012. The Bowdoin Globalist transitioned to a digital-only platform in 2015. The college's radio station, WBOR, has been in operation since 1951. In 1999, The Bowdoin Cable Network was formed, producing a weekly newscast and several student created shows per semester.[57]
A cappellaEdit
There are six a cappella groups on campus.[58] The Meddiebempsters and the Longfellows are all-male, Miscellania is all-female, BOKA and Ursus Verses are co-ed, and Bear Tones's singers are "female and treble voices".
"The Longfellows" are the newer of the two all male groups. Founded in 2004, they trace their roots to the historic class of 1825 at Bowdoin, which graduated Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. In 2011, they won their quarterfinal of the International Collegiate Championship of A Cappella, advancing them to the semifinals, as the only all-male group. The same year, they were in the final round of selection to be on NBC's "The Sing Off." In 2010 and again in 2013, they sang the national anthem at a Boston Celtics game. They have performed all over Maine and the Northeast.
"The Meddiebempsters" are the oldest of Bowdoin's six a cappella groups. Founded in the spring of 1937, the Meddies performed in USO shows after World War II.[59]
"Miscellania" is the oldest all-female a cappella group at Bowdoin College. Miscellania was founded in 1972 as the female counterpart to the Meddiebempsters, shortly after women were admitted to Bowdoin. Since then, Miscellania has grown to be a part of the tradition of a cappella at Bowdoin College. Distinguishable by their black dresses, Miscellania has performed all over Maine and the Northeast, as well as down the East Coast on longer tours, and Aruba. In 2017, the group is celebrating its 40th anniversary.
In the months of November, December, and February in 2015, the college faced a string of alleged and confirmed rapes and sexual assaults. The reports of assault included a local registered sex offender breaking and entering into the college's Mayflower Apartments and raping a student,[60][61] and a convicted sex offender photographing female students while showering or undressing.[62] In response to events, Bowdoin requested that the Brunswick police increase patrols near the college and issued alerts to students, faculty, and staff.[63] The previous summer a male student withdrew from the college after his arrest for the alleged rape of a female student;[64] the college discontinued its investigation of the rape, passing the case along to the District Attorney's office. He was subsequently indicted for a crime lesser than the original rape charge (gross sexual assault).[65][66][67] With a reported 17 rapes occurring in 2014, the college has stated that the increase in number is attributed to "new federal reporting rules and an increased awareness on campus."[68]
On June 10, 2014, The New York Times, published an article on college's dismissal of the Bowdoin Christian Fellowship on the grounds that it was biased against homosexuality and beliefs on abstinence; the group has been barred from operating on campus.[69][70]
On October 22, 2015, Bowdoin's sailing team held a themed party that sparked issues of racism and cultural appropriation. The theme was characterized as "gangster-themed" featuring costumes that were stereotypical of black culture. This sparked a major debate on campus about racism, cultural stereotypes, and racial discrimination.[71][72][73][74]
On February 20, 2016, Bowdoin students sent an email inviting each other to a "tequila-themed" party that featured Mexican-themed tapestries as well as students wearing sombreros, consuming tequila, assuming Mexican accents, and participating in other activities closely linked with Latin American culture. The email, party, and subsequent aftermath caused extended media coverage and backlash from students,[75] and their administration citing the incident as "ethnic stereotyping" and "act of bias".[76][77][78] The student government filed articles of impeachment against student representatives who participated in planning the party's activities,[79] and the incident was covered by selected national news outlets, including The Washington Post, which ran three separate pieces regarding the incident.[80][81][82]
Bowdoin ProjectEdit
In April 2013, the college was at the center of National Association of Scholars's report entitled, "What Does Bowdoin Teach? How a Contemporary Liberal Arts College Shapes Students."[83] The report was later dubbed, "The Bowdoin Project" due to widespread media coverage.[84] The report was a 359-page report that was financed at a cost of $100,000. The assessment criticized and denounced, in thorough detail, the college's academic program, sexual atmosphere, treatment of women and minorities, student and faculty diversity, drug and alcohol issues, student safety, and hazing, among twenty-six other categories. The report was rebutted by the at-the-time President Barry Mills, who called the assessment, "mean-spirited and personal."[85]
Environmental recordEdit
Bowdoin College signed onto the American College and University President's Climate Commitment in 2007.[86] The college followed through with a carbon neutrality plan released in 2009, with 2020 as the target year for carbon neutrality. According to the plan, general improvements to Maine's electricity grid will account for 7% of carbon reductions, commuting improvements will account for 1%, and the purchase of renewable energy credits will account for 41%. The college intends to reduce its own carbon emissions 28% by 2020, leaving the remaining 23% for new technologies and more renewable energy credits.[87]
Coordinator of Sustainable Bowdoin Keisha Payson has acknowledged that achieving carbon neutrality by 2020 "might not be realistic."[88] Bowdoin purchases its electricity from Central Maine Power. The college buys renewable energy credits to offset all of the related carbon emissions.[89] According to the EPA's Green Power Partnership, 5.8% of Bowdoin's total electricity usage comes from green power.[90] Bowdoin's facilities are heated by an on-campus heating plant which burns natural gas.[89] In February 2013, the college announced that 1.4% of its endowment is invested in the fossil fuel industry. The disclosure was in response to students' calls to divest these holdings.[91]
Between 2002 and 2008, Bowdoin College decreased its CO2 emissions by 40%. It achieved that reduction by switching from #6 to #2 oil in its heating plant, reducing the campus set heating point from 72 to 68 degrees, and by adhering to its own Green Design Standards in renovations.[92] In addition, Bowdoin runs a single stream recycling program, and its dining services department has begun composting food waste and unbleached paper napkins.[93] Bowdoin received an overall grade of "B-" for its sustainability efforts on the College Sustainability Report Card 2009 published by the Sustainable Endowments Institute.[94] In addition to various student run organizations, including Sustainable Bowdoin and the Bowdoin Organic Garden, the college's dining service regularly uses local products and annually invites local farmers to campus to discuss how local food products are incorporated into the daily menu for students.
In 2003, Bowdoin made a commitment to achieve LEED-certification for all new campus buildings.[95] The college has since completed construction on Osher and West residency halls, the Peter Buck Center for Health & Fitness, and the Sidney J. Watson Arena, all of which have attained LEED or Silver LEED certification. The new dorms partially use collected rain water as part of an advanced flushing system.[95]
In 2009, the college announced a detailed plan to achieve carbon neutrality by 2020 as a result of campus-wide conservation efforts and specific initiatives in its implementation plan. The plan includes the construction of a solar thermal system, part of the "Thorne Solar Hot Water Project"; cogeneration in the central heating plant (for which Bowdoin received $400,000 in federal grants); lighting upgrades to all campus buildings; and modern monitoring systems of energy usage on campus.[96]
Museums on Bowdoin's campus include the Bowdoin College Museum of Art, and the Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum. Notable buildings include Massachusetts Hall, Hubbard Hall, the Parker Cleaveland House and the Harriet Beecher Stowe House.
Bowdoin has thirty varsity sports teams, and competes in the NCAA Division III New England Small College Athletic Conference, which also includes Amherst, Conn College, Hamilton, Middlebury, Trinity, Tufts, Wesleyan, Williams. The college's rowing club competes in the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Chase Regatta annually. Bowdoin's mascot is the polar bear, the school's official colors white and black.[97] The college also has intercollegiate and club teams in men's and women's fencing, men's and women's rowing, men's rugby, water polo, men's soccer, men's volleyball and men's and women's Ultimate.[98]
Bowdoin's Men's Tennis won the NCAA college Division III Championship on May 25, 2016.[99] In 2011, two Bowdoin players won the NCAA Men's Double title.[100]
The Bowdoin sailing team competes in the New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association. In 2014, the women's sailing team was ranked 2nd in the U.S. in a national poll by Sailing World.[101]
The women's basketball team are 8-time NESCAC champions, holding a record 7-year streak from 2000-01 to 2006-07.[102][103] The field hockey team are four-time NCAA National Champions; winning the title in 2007 (defeating Middlebury College), 2008 (defeating Tufts University), 2010 (defeating Messiah College) and 2013 (defeating Salisbury University). Head coach Nicky Pearson has been NESCAC coach of the year a record 7 times. Pearson has been recognized as the NCAA Division III coach of the year four times.[104]
In 2012, the men's indoor track Distance Medley Relay Team won the NCAA Division III Indoor Track and Field National Championships.[105]
In addition to several outdoor athletic fields (Pickard field & Whittier Field), the college's athletic facilities include:
- Sidney J. Watson Ice Hockey Arena (2,300 capacity, LEED certification)
- Buck Center for Health and Fitness (LEED certification)
- Hubbard Grandstand and Whittier Field (9,000 capacity)
- Leroy Greason Pool
- Lubin Family Squash Center
- Boathouses for sailing and rowing
Bowdoin alumniEdit
Famous Bowdoin graduates include:
- U.S. President Franklin Pierce (1824)
- Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1825)
- Novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne (1825)
- Civil War general Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (1852)
- Civil War general Oliver Otis Howard (1850)
- Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court Melville Fuller (1853)
- U.S. Speaker of the House Thomas Brackett Reed (1860)
- Mayo Clinic co-founder Dr. Augustus Stinchfield (1868)
- Arctic explorer Admiral Robert Peary (1877)
- Sex researcher Alfred Kinsey (1916)
- M*A*S*H creator H. Richard Hornberger (1945)
- Co-founder of the Subway sandwich chain Peter Buck (1952)
- U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Thomas R. Pickering (1953)
- U.S. Senator George Mitchell (1954)
- U.S. Senator and Secretary of Defense William Cohen (1962)
- American Express CEO Kenneth Chenault (1973)
- Olympic gold medalist Joan Benoit Samuelson (1979)
- Netflix founder and CEO Reed Hastings (1983)
- Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Anthony Doerr (1995)
Bowdoin graduates have led all three branches of the federal government, including both houses of Congress. Franklin Pierce (1824) was America's fourteenth President; Melville Weston Fuller (1853) served as Chief Justice of the United States; Thomas Brackett Reed (1860) was twice elected Speaker of the House of Representatives; and Wallace H. White, Jr. (1899) and George J. Mitchell (1954) both served as Majority Leader of the United States Senate.
Fictional character Dr. Derek Shepherd of the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy was a graduate of Bowdoin, and sometimes pictured wearing a Bowdoin T-shirt on the show.[106]
Presidents of BowdoinEdit
- Joseph McKeen (1802–07)
- Jesse Appleton (1809–19)
- William Allen (1820–39)
- Leonard Woods (1839–66)
- Samuel Harris (1867–71)
- Joshua Chamberlain (1871–83)
- William DeWitt Hyde (1885–1917)
- Kenneth C.M. Sills (1918–52)
- James S. Coles (1952–67)
- Roger Howell, Jr. (1969–78)
- Willard F. Enteman (1978–80)
- A. LeRoy Greason (1981–90)
- Robert Hazard Edwards (1990–2000)
- Barry Mills (2001–2015)
- Clayton Rose (2015–present)
- ^ As of June 30, 2016. "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2015 to FY 2016" (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. 2017.
- ^ a b "Common Data Set 2015-2016" (PDF). Bowdoin College.
- ^ "Bowdoin College". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ https://www.bowdoin.edu/physics/engineering/dartmouth-dual-degree.shtml
- ^ https://www.bowdoin.edu/physics/engineering/columbia-caltech.shtml
- ^ "To the Pole". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "The Bowdoin Coastal Studies Center". Bowdoin.edu. 2011-03-01. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "A description of Kent Island". Bowdoin.edu. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ a b "Best Colleges 2017: National Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 12, 2016.
- ^ "2017 Best Liberal Arts Colleges in America". Niche. Niche.
- ^ "The Charter of Bowdoin College - Office of the President". www.bowdoin.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
- ^ Wallner, Peter A. (Spring 2005). "Franklin Pierce and Bowdoin College Associates Hawthorne and Hale" (PDF). Historical New Hampshire. New Hampshire Historical Society: 24.
- ^ John J. Pullen, "Joshua Chamberlain: A Hero's Life and Legacy," Stackpole Books (1999), ISBN 9780585283463, pg. 60
- ^ Nevin, David (1970). Muskie of Maine. Ladd Library, Bates College: Random House, New York. p. 99.
- ^ Larson, Timothy (2005). "Faith by Their Works: The Progressive Tradition at Bates College from 1855 to 1877,". Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College Publishing. pp. Multi–source.
- ^ James Grant, "Mr. Speaker!: The Life and Times of Thomas B. Reed," Simon & Schuster (2011), ISBN 978-1416544944, pg. 9
- ^ "Bowdoin to Discontinue Annual Academic Award in the Name of Jefferson Davis | Bowdoin News". community.bowdoin.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
- ^ "Ellis Spear, Brigadier General, United States Army". www.arlingtoncemetery.net. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
- ^ Druett, Joan (2000). She Captains: Heroines and Hellions of the Sea. Simon and Schuster. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-7432-1437-7. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
- ^ "Website of the Peary–MacMillan Arctic Museum". Academic.bowdoin.edu. 2010-11-18. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ a b c Story posted January 24, 2008 (2008-01-24). "Bowdoin Eliminates Student Loans While Vowing to Maintain its Com, Campus News (Bowdoin)". Bowdoin.edu. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "Trustees meeting focuses on finances — The Bowdoin Orient". The Bowdoin Orient. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
- ^ "Campus Life: Bowdoin; Students Angered By Vote to Change Grading System". The New York Times. 1990-04-15.
- ^ "Bowdoin Orient article on Bowdoin producing Fulbright Scholars". Orient.bowdoin.edu. 2006-01-27. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. July 5, 2016.
- ^ "Best Colleges 2017: National Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 12, 2016.
- ^ "2016 Rankings - National Universities - Liberal Arts". Washington Monthly. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ^ "America's Top Colleges". 2016-07-05.
- ^ "The Best College in America Is in a Tiny Town in Maine". 20 October 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "2017 Best Liberal Arts Colleges in America". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "The 600 Smartest Colleges In America". Retrieved 2015-06-23.
- ^ "https://www.psychologytoday.com/files/attachments/56143/1339-us-colleges-ranked-average-student-brainpower.pdf" (PDF). www.psychologytoday.com. Retrieved 2015-06-23. External link in
- ^ "Niche Rankings 2016".
- ^ "2016 College Guide and Rankings". Washington Monthly. Retrieved 2016-09-17.
- ^ Newsweek Web Exclusive (Aug 21, 2006). "25 New Ivies – The nation's elite colleges these days include more than Harvard, Yale and Princeton. Why? It's the tough competition for all the top students. That means a range of schools are getting fresh bragging rights.". Newsweek. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ^ "Acceptance rate reaches new low at 14.3% — The Bowdoin Orient". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ a b "207 students admitted Early Decision I for Class of 2020, 33.7 percent acceptance rate — The Bowdoin Orient". The Bowdoin Orient. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
- ^ a b "College boasts new record with 7,052 applications, accepts 14.5 percent — The Bowdoin Orient". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ "Acceptance rate lowest ever, two-thirds waive fee". The Bowdoin Orient. 31 March 2017.
- ^ "Bowdoin College | Best College | US News". Colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. 2012-09-24. Retrieved 2012-09-28.
- ^ "Bowdoin College Statistics". College Prowler. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "Class of 2013 Profile (Bowdoin Admissions)". Bowdoin.edu. 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "University admissions: Accepted". The Economist. 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "College Search – Bowdoin College". Collegesearch.collegeboard.com. Retrieved 2012-09-28.
- ^ Charles C. Calhoun, A Small College in Maine: 200 Years of Bowdoin, published by the college in 1993, ISBN 0-916606-25-2
- ^ Herald, University (10 August 2015). "Princeton Review: Bowdoin College Tops 'Best Campus Food' List". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ Sanders, Michael S. (2008-04-09). "Latest College Reading Lists: Menus With Pho and Lobster". The New York Times.
- ^ "Who Has the Best Food? See the College Rankings That Really Matter". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Orient article interviewing Professor Morgan". Orient.bowdoin.edu. 2005-02-18. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "Bowdoin Outing Club website". Studorgs.bowdoin.edu. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "Team Info". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ CNN, By Marsha Walton. "Dogged determination leads to RoboCup victory - CNN.com". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ Maine League of Historical Societies and Museums (1970). Doris A. Isaacson, ed. Maine: A Guide 'Down East'. Rockland, Me: Courier-Gazette, Inc. p. 177.
- ^ "Bowdoin Brief: Orient takes national newspaper award". Orient.bowdoin.edu. 2007-04-06. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "The Bowdoin Cable Network". Bcn.bowdoin.edu. 2009-01-01. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "A cappella council convenes, selects". The Bowdoin Orient. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
- ^ Race, Peter (1987). Meddiebempsters History: "And may the music echo long..." 1937-1987. pp. 17–30. ML200.8.B73 M44 1987.
- ^ "Student Reports Sexual Assault at Mayflower Apts.".
- ^ "Police Identify Person of Interest in Bowdoin College Sexual Assault". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ Brogan, Beth; Staff, B. D. N. "Man charged with secretly photographing nude Bowdoin students". The Bangor Daily News. Retrieved 2016-09-17.
- ^ "Message to the Bowdoin Community - November 18, 2015".
- ^ Brogan, Beth; Staff, B. D. N. "Former Bowdoin College student indicted for alleged rape". The Bangor Daily News. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
- ^ "College halts investigation into alleged sexual assault following Taylor's resignation".
- ^ "Taylor indicted for alleged on-campus rape".
- ^ "Former Bowdoin student accused of 2015 rape pleads to lesser charge - The Portland Press Herald / Maine Sunday Telegram". 2016-06-08. Retrieved 2016-09-17.
- ^ Staff, CS. "Bowdoin Attributes Jump in Reported Rapes to New Rules". www.campussafetymagazine.com. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
- ^ Paulson, Michael (2014-06-09). "Colleges and Evangelicals Collide on Bias Policy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
- ^ "Christian fellowship moves off-campus to house on Harpswell Road — The Bowdoin Orient". The Bowdoin Orient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
- ^ "Bowdoin sailing team's 'gangster party' criticized as racist".
- ^ "President Rose Leads Town Hall Meeting on Issues of Race".
- ^ "'Gangster' party spurs debate over racism on campus".
- ^ "Bowdoin sailing team's 'gangster party' criticized as racist".
- ^ "Stereotyping at 'tequila' party causes backlash — The Bowdoin Orient". The Bowdoin Orient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
- ^ Reaves, Tony; Staff, B. D. N. "Report: Bowdoin students face punishment for stereotyping at 'tequila party'". The Bangor Daily News. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
- ^ "Sombreros at Bowdoin 'tequila party' ignite controversy on campus and beyond - The Portland Press Herald / Maine Sunday Telegram". The Portland Press Herald / Maine Sunday Telegram. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
- ^ "Doghead: is it culturally appropriate? - The Colby Echo". The Colby Echo. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
- ^ "BSG to introduce articles of impeachment against two members — The Bowdoin Orient". The Bowdoin Orient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
- ^ Rampell, Catherine (2016-03-03). "Political correctness devours yet another college, fighting over mini-sombreros". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
- ^ Rampell, Catherine (2016-03-04). "Bowdoin update: On Facebook, school flaunted photos of alumni, students in school-provided sombreros". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
- ^ Rampell, Catherine (2016-03-04). "Why write about tiny sombreros?". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
- ^ "What Does Bowdoin Teach? How a Contemporary Liberal Arts College Shapes Students National Association of Scholars". www.nas.org. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
- ^ "National Association of Scholars". www.nas.org. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
- ^ "Report critiques Bowdoin as example of everything wrong with liberal arts colleges - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
- ^ "Bowdoin College Commits to Climate Neutral Campus". Bowdoin College. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ "A Blueprint for Carbon Neutrality in 2020" (PDF). Bowdoin College. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ Rube, Harry (30 November 2012). "Coordinator Payson urges BSG to continue supporting sustainability on campus". The Bowdoin Orient. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ a b "Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Update for FY 2012" (PDF). Bowdoin College. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ "Partner Profile". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ Casey, Garrett (8 February 2013). "1.4 percent of College's endowment invested in fossil fuels". The Bowdoin Orient. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ "What We're Doing". Bowdoin College. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ "Waste Management". Bowdoin College. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ "Bowdoin College - Green Report Card 2009". Greenreportcard.org. 2007-06-30. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ a b "LEED Certification (Bowdoin, Sustainability)". Bowdoin.edu. 2009-09-22. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ Story posted February 03, 2011 (2011-02-03). "Bowdoin On Track To Meet Carbon Neutrality Goal, Campus News (Bowdoin)". Bowdoin.edu. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "The Bowdoin Polar Bear - Bowdoin". athletics.bowdoin.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
- ^ "Student Organizations". students.bowdoin.edu. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
- ^ "Wednesday's Maine college roundup: Bowdoin men's tennis team wins NCAA crown". Portland Press Harold. Portland Press Harold.
- ^ "Bowdoin Tandem of Pena and Sullivan Win NCAA Men's Tennis Doubles Title - NESCAC". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Sailing World College Rankings, September 25th, 2014". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Women's Basketball Championship Results" (PDF). New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC). Retrieved 13 February 2017.
- ^ "Bowdoin College Women's Basketball History" (PDF). Bowdoin College. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
- ^ "Field Hockey - Bowdoin". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Men's Distance Medley Relay Team Wins Division III National Championship - Bowdoin". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Death of McDreamy: Patrick Dempsey's Bowdoin Grad Character at Heart of 'Grey's Anatomy' Shocker | Bowdoin News". community.bowdoin.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
Further readingEdit
- Malahan, Bernard (June 16, 1968). "House Linked to 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'". The New York Times.
- "Bowdoin Seeks End of R.O.T.C. Credits". The New York Times. February 16, 1969.
- "Bowdoin Drops College Boards". The New York Times. January 19, 1970.
- "Bowdoin to Become Coed". The New York Times. September 29, 1970.
- Moran, Malcolm (August 6, 1984). "First Women's Olympic Marathon to Benoit". The New York Times.
- Riddle, Lyn (February 21, 1988). "Favorite Elective at Bowdoin: Food". The New York Times.
External linksEdit
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Bowdoin College
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bowdoin College.
- Official website
- Official athletics website
- Works related to Bowdoin College at Wikisource


text:
SailNet Community (http://www.sailnet.com/forums/)
- Provisioning (http://www.sailnet.com/forums/provisioning/)
- - Can me! (http://www.sailnet.com/forums/provisioning/68512-can-me.html)
Can me!
So I'm experimenting with food items to stock my boat. I'm looking for food on the cheap that stores well (no refridge yet). I've just completed round one of testing Sardines...I guess I could live off them :(
Does anyone have suggestions?
Bean Dip will store almost indefinately as will just about any form of hot sauce. Spread a little on a flour tortilla (also stores well) dump on some hot sauce and eat.
ps... DO NOT USE THIS TO TRY AND IMPRESS ANYONE WITH YOUR COOKING SKILLS!
Peanut butter and honey. Protein, oil, simple carbs. Spread a little on tortillas or crackers and ya got a meal.
Thanks for the tip! I'm gonna go pick some up and give it a try.
canned spam was found in the pyramids rumor has it....
oddly, to wean cannibals from their lust for human flesh, researchers found that the cannibals found spam to be an adequate substitue.
ok ok ill 'can it,' but it just might be true...
Turning to Theroux's Happy Isles (1992), we find the following:
It was a theory of mine that former cannibals of Oceania now feasted on Spam because Spam came the nearest to approximating the porky taste of human flesh. 'Long pig' as they called a cooked human being in much of Melanesia. It was a fact that the people-eaters of the Pacific had all evolved, or perhaps degenerated, into Spam-eaters. And in the absence of Spam they settled for corned beef, which also had a corpsy flavor.
Some non-perishable staples for the wife and I while cruising in the Caribbean were: Mac & Cheese with canned tuna or chicken, canned roast-beef with beans and/or rice, and simple homemade bread with peanut butter, Nutella, etc. We also liked to make curry on a regular basis and most (if not all) the ingredients can be canned.
on more serious note, cans of tuna fish will keep for who knows how long... the trick is to have some mayo w/o a fridge. i keep an eye out for places that have the individual packets of mayo that need no cold... same with ketchup... grab a piece of celery and viola!
i also use olive oil as a sub. for pretty much anything i would use butter for. if you have the means to heat/boil H20 some of the 'soup in a cup' stuff isnt bad, and i keep plenty of campbells in the larder. there was a thread around here about the MRE stuff, but I havent tried it.
apples seem to keep well, chocolate not so much... now ive installed the Magma, I tend to buy fresh every day for that day and do it all over again.
Why limit your self to canned foods, how about dried and preserved foods. Lots a meats are dried or vacuum packed that will last a long time until opened, and even then they last several days. Of course theres pastas, Barilla Pasta even has a dried tortellini thats not bad. You can find many soups, good ones in fact, that only need to be re-hydrated and heated. Dare I say MRE's?
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REMEMBER when 'happy' was just something you were? Or weren't. Good days, bad days, happy days, sad days - all jumbled in a life you lived rather than thought about too much.
Today happiness is a commodity; a 'goal', a 'revolution', a 'project'. It's what we want for ourselves and our children. "Yes, please," we'd say to the doctor if she could vaccinate against sadness, along with the usual measles and mumps. Anything to immunise ourselves against pain and unease.
I write this because I've had an awful week - made somewhat worse by the book I'm reading (for work, not pleasure) called The Happiness Project. Ironically, as my world filled with woes, I read chapter after chapter about one woman's attempt to "lighten up", "be serious about play" and "keep a contented heart". "I am happy," writes Gretchen Rubin in her mega-selling memoir, "but I'm not as happy as I should be."
More helpful, I think, than having an articulate and much-blessed woman tell you how to find happiness, is having a flawed and down-in-the dumps columnist recount the details of her weekus horribilis. (Shall we start with my appalling Latin?)
I may be guilty of over-sharing, but my argument is this: we live in a culture that propagates the notion that happiness should be a constant state of mind and perfection our universal aim. To that end, most weeks I write jaunty, optimistic and 'wise' missives underneath a photo that makes me look 10 times prettier than I really am. "Great life, lucky cow," you probably say to yourself and, yes, sometimes it is and sometimes I am.
But if I neglect to tell you the bad stuff - the hard, horrible, trying times - then I'm as guilty of perpetuating perfect images as those ads where mums are always smiling.
So here goes. I returned from India with a bug that's eating my insides. I've had to pull out of a 100km charity walk, and I hate letting people down. I'll be fine, but it's hard slowing down a life that's stuck on the fastest setting.
One of my children has a medical issue, which can be remedied, but I should've detected it. "I wish you'd noticed this two years ago," said the specialist, shooting arrows of guilt into my already tender core.
Furthermore, I can't drive for three months. Stupidly and carelessly, I accrued 13 points on my licence when the demands of my manifold responsibilities made me less attentive than I should be.
Some nights, I watch my sleeping daughter and believe I've failed her. Other worries - a complicated work project, an unexpectedly large bill and being the worst player in my hockey team - have left me feeling flat.
All of this is small stuff compared to people suffering real problems, and I'm not seeking sympathy. I'm telling you this because it's normal to feel unhappy occasionally; metabolising sadness and disappointment is human. You simply have to live through it.
There's lots of sound good sense in Rubin's project, but I'm concerned we're trying to anaesthetise anguish from our lives. Psychologists are observing a new generation suffering "a discomfort with discomfort".
"Please let them be devastated at age six," implores Wendy Mogel, author of The Blessing of a Skinned Knee. I hear her. Last year, my eldest didn't practice for a music exam and received a correspondingly poor result. It's been the best lesson in her charmed life.
Anyway, back to my tea and tissues, safe in the knowledge that this, too, shall pass.
Email firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow her at www.twitter.com/angelamollard.
More: How to manage your family better
Originally published as Is it harder to be happy?


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Brisas Del Mar, Inn At The Beach
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Relax in sleepy town...
... Gardens. When arriving we paid $20 armed with our camera for great pics to find the gardens are not in bloom this time of year so all was dead. We walked around for an hour of so and the most impressive thing to see was a 200 year old dam built by the native Americans. The Dam was built to supply water to the Ministry. We also got to see great views of Santa Cruz Island. That evening we went to a Mexican ...
Sun, Surf, Mountains and Mustang Convertibles!
... up to the top for people with handicaps so we were able to drive and park at the top. That "crippled sign" comes in handy sometimes! We put our name in for a table and before long we were seated at a counter overlooking one of the joys beautiful sights I have ever seen. Doug says it rivals Sedona, I agree! I will let the pictures explain more. Our next exciting stop was the Elephant Seal Rookery. Unbelievable! There were hundreds of huge seals lying on the ...
San Luis Obispo to Santa Barbara
... is pretty good - you can tell that Santa Barbara is a bit more upscale. We have dinner at California Pizza Kitchen - think your traditional Italian Pizza restaurant, but with a very Californian twist with Club Sandwich type of pizza fillings among other things. Fun concept, and certainly one of the better franchise restaurants.
Santa Barbara is only a brief stop-over and tomorrow we're moving on to the greater LA area.
Here we go for one more turn
... shipping agent informed us that the container which held our bike had been selected for x-ray inspection by Customs. That night the US Government, including Customs, shut down. We sank into a funk of depression and decided to fill our spare time with a little tourism and some necessary administration.
I last visited LA 30 years ago. My memories from that time are of a suburban sprawl over an improbably large area held together by a ...
Driving season
It was goodbye to Disney as we departed Anaheim for the driving season. The destination is San Francisco, over 400 miles away. First port of call, Santa Barbara. A quick stop for gas turned into an adventure, first locating how to open the fuel tank, then paying. So after about 20 minutes we got on the interstate, 5 from 10. The traffic was pretty clear, although it was banked up near ...


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text:
Edge Factor Announces LaunchPoint TV Series
Creators say the series will tell the stories of manufacturing professionals, showing the paths they have taken to find rewarding manufacturing careers.
Related Topics:
Following the premiere of the Edge Factor Show's latest film, "Metal & Flesh," the Edge Factor crew says it traveled the country filming its all-new "LaunchPoint" TV series. Stops have included Massachusetts, Minnesota, Illinois, Arizona and California. In LaunchPoint, the Edge Factor team will tell real-life stories of men and women working in advanced manufacturing, conveying their experiences and portraying people who empowered them along the way.
The team says the series will provide insights on training and professional pathways that postgraduates took to launch rewarding manufacturing careers. The purpose of the series is to show viewers models they can emulate as they consider how to launch their own careers in manufacturing.
LaunchPoint airs on TV on Cox7 Arizona in May 2014. The content will also be available to classrooms and businesses through the Edge Factor's "EduFactor Kit," a manufacturing education and recruitment kit featuring multimedia resources. The kit is designed to provide educators and employers with tools to change the image of manufacturing and inspire parents and students to pursue manufacturing careers.
The Edge Factor team says the partners who have helped make LaunchPoint a reality include Haas Automation, Sandvik Coromant, Mastercam, Koma Precision, Tooling U, PLTW, NIMS, Modern Machine Shop and ME Media.
Editor PickContingent Staffing for the Machining Job Shop
Hiring additional staff is an option to increase capacity, but if the fluctuation in demand is unpredictable and of short duration, you can quickly end up with excess capacity and a fixed expense that is too large for a lower level of business.


text:
The in-house adverts trumpeting CNN's 25th anniversary are surprisingly candid about its early history. 'We were there before you knew you needed us,' it says, acknowledging that for the first years of its existence, hardly anyone tuned in to Ted Turner's cable network.
A quarter of a century on, CNN International broadcasts to 23 countries, reaching 150 million households worldwide, and a fair few hotel rooms to boot. CNN International's British MD, Chris Cramer, recruited from the BBC almost a decade ago, is in charge of a sprawling journalistic empire, overseeing output from 36 bureaux.
'By any definition, CNN globally remains the number one pan-regional news network', he says, adding that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the audience is not limited to English-speakers on overseas business trips. The old days of watching CNN in hotel rooms when there was nothing else to watch are over. Over 85 per cent of people watch it at home'.
For international audiences, CNN will forever be associated with the first Gulf war. The live pictures of award-winning correspondent Peter Arnett theatrically donning a gas mask as Scud missiles flew past his Tel Aviv hotel window became one of the enduring images of the conflict. 'That's when people first started consuming CNN,' says Cramer. Many still regard the network's coverage as its finest hour.
Since then, the CNN brand has lost some of its lustre, outshone by new competitors that have started to challenge its global hegemony.
BBC World, the international arm of News 24, provides competition across the English-speaking world, and al-Jazeera has captured a huge audience in the Middle East. But the biggest challenge is in CNN's own back yard, in the form of Rupert Murdoch's Fox News.
Fox's 'fair and balanced' tag line is widely derided, and its right-wing, gung-ho coverage attacked by the rest of the media. But the American public like its more partisan style and adrenalin-fuelled coverage and three years ago, Fox overtook CNN as the most-watched cable news channel in America.
Fox insiders refer to CNN America's new President Jonathan Klein as 'Jon De-cline'. But Cramer is sanguine about the Fox threat. 'They are enjoying ratings success and I respect them for that. [But] Fox is not on the international broadcasting radar. It's not in direct competition. CNN had first-mover advantage and now its got a large number of domestic competitors. But Fox is not designed to be an international competitor to CNN and it never will be.'
He adds: 'In the last few months, CNN has attracted more unique viewers than anyone else.' On an average monthly basis in 2005, CNN US had 64.9 million unique viewers while Fox News Channel had 57.9 million and MSNBC had 44.4m.
'To me that represents a healthy lead. However, ratings in the US are measured in part by the time that viewers watch, that is what my colleagues at CNN/US are working hard to increase.'
He admits: 'We're in a battle for eyeballs, domestically and internationally,' but points out that, unlike rival services, CNN's international arm has been profitable since the late 1980s.
Its internet site is the world's most popular news site, and it is spending heavily on other distribution platforms. 'I'm agnostic about platforms and services. I don't mind whether CNN is watched in elevators in some parts of the Far East, or bathrooms in Japan, or gas stations in the States. Mobile services will form a very large part of our development - we're starting free streaming video from June - as will other forms of TV; those that have been invented and those that have yet to be invented.'
Cramer joined CNN in 1996 after 26 years at the BBC, where he rose to head of news gathering, and he has a high opinion of the corporation's international news output. 'I would describe it as the closest journalistic competitor to us. We aspire to the same type of journalism and a broad spread of international bureaux.'
There is a theory, often advanced by journalists, that news channels take a smidgen of news and spread it out over 24 hours, a formula that makes for tedious television in the absence of a big breaking stories. 'It makes me kind of smile [that] people are still debating the advent of 24-hour news 25 years after it was invented', Cramer retorts. 'People consume news channels in a very different way. They only want it for 10 or 15 minutes. They want their fix of what's going on, to check the world hasn't ended, and they [switch over] to something else. Fixed-time bulletins, particularly in the US, are losing viewers in their millions.'
What about the accusation that CNN promotes western assumptions and values, consciously or not? 'That is a charge which is levelled at the CNN, the BBC and others. I respect people who level it, but I completely refute it. We believe in no agenda, no viewpoint. We have to try very hard to put ourselves in the position of the audience we are broadcasting to. We have [local] reporters. It's rare that we do the same piece of reporting for CNN in the US and for CNN International.'
There has been an outbreak of self-flagellation in the American media about the war in Iraq, and its collective failure to ask tougher questions about weapons of mass destruction. Even CNN's star correspondent, Christiane Amanpour, went on record to say that TV news networks were guilty of 'self- censorship': 'I'm sorry to say, but certainly television and, perhaps, to a certain extent, my station, was intimidated by the administration and its foot soldiers at Fox News.'
Cramer disagrees: 'I respect Christiane, but I don't accept that at all. My recollection of the coverage, which I was in charge of internationally, is that we had a very large number of people, embedded or not, on the borders, or in the region - or in Baghdad until we got kicked out - doing their very best to cover an incredibly complicated story. The assertion is that we pulled our punches and I don't accept that. Hindsight is a wonderful tool.'