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Subaru WRX Forum (http://www.wrxtuners.com/forums/)
- Bolt-on Tech (EJ255/EJ257 2.5L 2008+ WRX, STi, and GT) (http://www.wrxtuners.com/forums/f121/)
- - stage 2 reliablity (http://www.wrxtuners.com/forums/f121/stage-2-reliablity-33732/)
stage 2 reliablity
just wondering who have modded their cars to stage 2 and have not had any problems. going to put a up and down pipe, 3 port bcs, and perrin sri with custom tune. is putting all that stuff on my car gonna affect the longevity of my car?
That's a tricky one to answer.
Generally, yes, modifying parts that make your car more powerful than stock will negatively affect how long it lasts.
In the scheme of things, the parts you mentioned aren't serious additions, so as long as the tune is not super aggressive, longevity shouldn't be significantly decreased.
For what it's worth, I used Cobb's Stage 2, 93 octane off the shelf map from 2/16/08 (11,200 miles) until 12/16/11 (86,200 miles) with a Cobb catted downpipe and HKS cat back. Then I installed a TXS TMIC, GS 3 port ebcs, GS modified stock headers, Walbro 255 lph fuel pump, and some other goodies and got a protune - that lasted almost 8,000 miles at which point I upgraded to a 20G turbo with the remaining necessary supporting goodies and got another tune. My engine died shortly after that (cracked piston, lost compression, blowing all kinds of smoke out of the exhaust, significant power loss, rough idle, etc.). But now I have a rebult motor with forged internals and some other goodies, so I expect my car will last several tens of thousands more miles :)
So... in conclusion, I don't know if I answered your question at all.
The end.
Lol, how did u treat it with all that stuff?v did u race it or what? I want a car hat will pull hard but I plan to babie it. I got 120,000 miles on it but I'm on the fence at putting on all that stuff.
It was (and still is) my daily driver, so I drove it normally for the most part... although I have also been known to stretch its legs once in a while ;)
I am running a stage 2 setup similar to your description (minus the aftermarket intake but add a Big16g turbo and the necessary fuel delivery upgrades) since around 75k-80k miles on the odometer. I specifically asked my tuner to give me a conservative tune. I am a bit over 120k now and have not had any problems.
I would describe my driving as man show did. Checking the oil on a very frequent basis is a good habit to get into if you are looking for piece of mind IMHO.
Factory tunes suck and restrictive exhaust does not help engine durability. You can remove some restrictions and retune your car with a quality tune and improve performance, reliability, and fuel efficiency. Now, if you use your newfound power to hotrod around those are extraneous factors outside of the argument.
A stage 2 exhaust and tune is good for your car. If you drive hard that's not good for your car but of course you didn't buy a prius so some of that's expected. You can drive your car harder with stage 2, which can compromise durability but nothing's forcing you to put your right foot down.
How much did it cost to Forge the internals because I'm reaching the point were that might be necessary
[quote=rockfordwrx;324066]How much did it cost to Forge the internals because I'm reaching the point were that might be necessary[/quote]
How do you know this? You'd be amazed at what the factory parts can handle. If you decided you need a built motor buy one from a reliable engine builder, unless you have the experience and tools to do the job right yourself...
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I have had no problem since getting the car back.
Today I am off on about an 800 mile round trip and will report back by Thursday next week to say if I have any problems
I have had no problem since getting the car back.
Today I am off on about an 800 mile round trip and will report back by Thursday next week to say if I have any problems
Ronnie (29-01-2009)
I'm back from the trip and there are no problems to report.
It looks like the alternator caused the problem.
Turns out it was the Alternator after all. In the morning, when first started, the battery was spiking. Within the Alternator, there is a regulator that should ensure the voltage never surges - it was this that was faulty. BMW have now fixed it and the car has been fine. Hope this helps anyone else that may have a similar iDrive problem.
Anyway booked it in for them to have a look at it. When I said I would send the service manager some emails eg. photos of idrive with the errors on it etc to prove I was not going mad!! She happily accepted. When I emailed her the thread to this forum, she said she could not see this as she had no internet access, and could not even be bothered to forward it on to someone who had!! They seem very reluctant to take outside help on the matter....Seriously I give up!!!
Cut a long story short(er), the AA came round the following day. They picked up a couple of faults on the ECU eg. running lean, but also the voltage reading from the battery, and it was blipping over 15, which seems high according to the recommendations here and they also agreed.
So if I can get them to change the alternator, I am hoping this will be the end of it! Unless you folks thing there is something else happening..
Will report back when I know more!
Ronnie (09-02-2009)
So car went into dealership. No fault was found with the alternator :-). However they found faults and replaced both control valves for engine ventilation. This is why it was running lean, and this fault was causing the ECU to go bananas and throw random faults out and start shutting the car down.
All repaired under warranty.
Exactly 1 month on and have had no problems since. Fingers crossed that is the end of it!
Ronnie (15-03-2009)
hi mine has devoloped a fault simular to the early post. never had any problems whilst driving, But after washing the car for 2 weeks on the trot. i get on Idrive which goes Crazy, telling me. And i have to add not even drove the car just started it.
1. function of airbags, Belt tension limiters faulty. Ensure your seat belt is fastened. Have the problem checked by the nearest BMW Service.
2. Gearbox Functions Impared. Possible risk of Gearbox Failure. Have the problem checked by the nearest BMW Service.
3. When Engine is off, gear position P is Engaged Automatically. Have the problem checked by the nearest BMW Service.
I have read your post and checked my voltage at the battery running, and it was 14.86v but kept spiking to 15.2v every few seconds.
What do you guys think.
I'm having a similiar problem with my 04 645 convertible. Did anyone ever solve this problem? My battery is less than a year old and the alternator was just replaced, still same issues. ????
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|Patriots Look Poised For Another Super Bowl Run
|Bruins Trade For Drew Stafford
|Black and Gold Bruins Turn Yellow On Parade Day
|Inconsistency Will Continue For Bruins Unless A Change Is Made
The Red Sox weren't done making moves with John Lackey on Monday as they made plans to finalize a deal that would bring veteran outfielder Mike Cameron to Boston. Both sides agreed to a two-year deal worth about $7-$8 million per year. The deal is pending a physical.
Cameron, a career .250 hitter, brings decent power and a lifetime .986 fielding percentage to Boston. He has hit at least 21 home runs in each of the last four seasons and he has very good durability, appearing in 138 games per season since 1997.
Playing over 1,600 career games in center field, Cameron hasn't played a corner outfield position since 2005 with the Mets. However, this move puts him out there in front of the Green Monster as Jacoby Ellsbury patrols center and J.D. Drew is in right. This move also makes recently signed Jeremy Hermida our fourth outfielder.
This move pretty much means the end of Jason Bay in Boston. The Sox are clearly beefing up their defense this offseason, but they still need to make a move to bring a big bat to the lineup
Tags: Hot Stove, Mike Cameron, Red Sox
I think it's clear that signing Lackey and Cameron is a precursor to a huge trade for a big slugger like Adrian Gonzalez.
I like the team's emphasis on defense this year, but it's clear to me they need that one more big bat. Gonzalez is that bat, and he also carries a slick glove with him. It's safe to say in any trade for a hitter, the Sox would have to deal Clay Buchholz.


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Eight working groups developed a vision, goals, and action steps related to specific aspects of internationalization. Working groups were composed of one or two ILT members (in parentheses) and relevant other campus members who addressed specific topics related internationalization and UMD campus goals:
The activities and timeline for each working group is as follows:
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EXOVATIONS® is one of the largest, most reputable home exterior remodeling companies in the southeast. We are a Georgia state licensed residential general contractor, an EPA approved lead-paint certified contractor, and we are trained, certified and preferred contractors by the manufacturers of the materials we install.
At EXOVATIONS, we don't just want you to have the home of your dreams, we want you to have a great experience. If you've never worked with us before, you might be sceptical of that. Read the thousands of customer reviews we've received and you'll soon realize that we truly are a different kind of contractor.
For starters, the fact that we even have a process that is documented and followed by all of our trained team members is somewhat unique in the remodeling industry. Add on the fact that we put customer satisfaction at the focus of every step of our process, you will soon see why customers keep coming back.
From educating our customers about the many choices of material manufactureres, styles, and options, to providing them with an EXOVATIONS project manager who manages the project schedule to the quoted completion date and price, to having 24/7 access to our project website, you can see how EXOVATIONS is postively changing the remodeling experience and the way you'll think about home improvement projects.
EXOVATIONS is like striking gold! Very rare do you find a company that is this organized and takes this much pride in what they do. They are exceptional! They truly provide quality product, workmanship, & service. I absolutely had no worries from start to finish. I have enough stress and don't want to have to worry about if someone is going to do a good job or not. EXOVATIONS takes the stress out of remodeling your home. This company is the model for all others to follow!
They did everything on time, sometime slightly ahead of schedule. The final outcome far exceeded our expectations. This is how remodeling should be done.


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is a secure, easy-to-use online solution that allows employees to view current and past pay stubs using any computer that has Internet access.
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Easystub can significantly reduce the expenses associated with distributing pay stubs, including: paper, printing, envelopes, postage and labour.
Save Paper
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New Pay Stub Design
Easystub uses a new pay stub design that provides all the necessary information for the current pay period, plus year-to-date totals.
Easystub Sample Statement
Requires Adobe
Acrobat Reader
Pay stubs can be viewed in either HTML or PDF format. The PDF format also allows employees to save copies of their pay stubs on their own computer.
How It Works
Easystub is an optional feature that works in combination with Easypay Payroll Version 2. When the Easystub feature is turned on in Easypay, an Easystub upload file is created at the same time that the direct deposit payroll file is created. The Easystub file, which contains the employee pay stub information for the current payroll, is then uploaded by the payroll administrator to the Easystub web site.
In order to use the Easystub feature, your company must be using Easypay Payroll to create a direct deposit payroll file.
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$5 per file upload, plus 5 cents per pay stub
, plus GST/HST. For example, if you upload an Easystub file that contains 50 pay stubs, the cost would be $7.50, plus GST/HST.
The total fee is calculated when an Easystub file is created. The fee is automatically added as a separate payment to the direct deposit payroll file (under the name "Easystub") and is debited from the employer's bank account during the direct deposit process.
To register for Easystub, please do the following:
Download and install the latest Easypay Version 2 patch. It is available
Start Easypay and be in front of your computer when you call our sales line at
We will be able to activate Easystub over the phone in a few minutes. Once your account is activated, you will be able to upload your employee pay stubs.
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Requires Adobe
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Copyright © 2017 Easypay Software Company. All rights reserved.
Payroll software for small and medium-sized businesses in Canada.


text:
Bloomberg's Nonpartisan Redistricting Study
Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg released a report showing that nonpartisan reforms to the redistricting process can increase the competitiveness of legislative elections at the state and federal level. In the most recent elections, the report found that across the country, 49 percent of candidates elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, and 57 percent of candidates elected to state legislatures won their races with margins of victory greater than 30 points, or faced no opposition at all. States with nonpartisan redistricting had races that were, on average, 14 percent closer for the state legislature and 24 percent closer for Congress, and candidates in state legislative districts drawn through a nonpartisan process were 20 percent less likely to run unopposed. Mayor Bloomberg joined former Mayor Ed Koch in urging the New York State Legislature to create an independent commission to re-draw state legislative and congressional district lines in advance of the 2012 elections.
"The current system for drawing districts protects incumbents, pro- motes ideological extremism, and reduces voter choice," said Bloomberg. "Gerrymandering is part of the reason why compromise and bi-partisanship are so rare these days. Voters in California and Florida overwhelmingly passed redistricting reforms in recent elections, and there's no reason why, working with Ed Koch and our state legislative leaders, we can't do the same here. It would be one of the best things to happen to Albany since the building of the Erie Canal."
The report compared state and federal legislative elections in 35 states that give redistricting authority to the legislature to the 13 states where there is some form of a nonpartisan process (only 7 states have non-partisan congressional redistricting). The 13 states with a nonpartisan process have, on average, 20 percent fewer uncontested state legislative races. Margins of victory were 14 percent lower (24 points vs. 28 points) in state legislative races and 24 percent lower (21 points vs. 28 points) in congressional races. The experience of the two states (Arkansas and Ohio) that give the governor and other state-wide elected officials control over the redistricting process largely mirrored that of the 35 states in which partisan redistricting occurs through the legislature.
The report also found that the three states with a "Top Two" election system or a nonpartisan legislature (Louisiana, Washington, Nebraska) also produced substantially more competitive elections, and large cities with nonpartisan elections were found to have city council races that were 24 percent closer than their partisan counterparts. Bloomberg supported recent, successful efforts in California and Florida to remove or reduce partisan control from the redistricting process.


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Target is facing new holiday pricing pressure as Walmart announced the launch of its Christmas price guarantee.
Customers who purchase eligible products at Walmart anytime between Nov. 1 and Dec. 25, and then find those same products advertised for less at another store, will receive a Walmart gift card for the difference through Dec. 25.
"The greatest gift we can give our customers this holiday is great low prices on the things they want most," explained Duncan Mac Naughton, chief merchandising officer, Walmart U.S. "Walmart is easing shopping stress this Christmas by allowing customers to shop when and how they want, all while guaranteeing low prices through the entire holiday season."
Walmart's Christmas Price Guarantee is valid on purchases made Nov. 1 through Dec. 25 on identical items (the same brand, size, color, quantity, grade and model number) that are currently available at competitor's stores located within the same local market as a particular Walmart store. To apply for the Christmas Price Guarantee, customers need to simply bring in their original Walmart cash register receipt and the local competitor's current printed ad to Walmart's customer service desk through Dec. 25. Once validated, a gift card for the difference will be issued. Items placed on layaway will also be eligible for the Christmas price guarantee.


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★ Now the BRIGHTEST iPhone 5 Flashlight!
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FlashLight - NiteLight - PurseLight - CampLight - KeyLight - ComputerLight...so many Great FlashLight uses for your iPod, iPhone, iPhone 4/5 and iPad!
"Very Useful - Worked well in the dark last night trying to plug-in a space heater while the toddlers were sleeping. Very bright and wonderful interface."
Brightest Flashlight Pro is a great flashlight that offers you the brightest flashlight settings for your iPhone, iPhone 4/5, iPod and iPad! Very Handy for night time illumination. Use Brightest Flashlight Pro not only as a Flashlight, but as a night light and reading lamp as well!
Features include:
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★ Brilliant Light for the iPhone 4/5
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Stop fumbling around in the dark. Use the most convenient app in the app store for the iPod or iPhone. Use Flashlight Pro
and find out how bright the night can really be!
Note: For iPhone '4/5' Flashlight users only - Continued use of the flash may dramatically decrease battery life
Supported Devices:
- iPad
- iPhone
- iPod Touch


text:
EvoWiki is now a project of the RationalMedia Foundation.
We are moving all content to RationalWiki.
See the EvoWiki project page for details!
From EvoWiki
|542-488 mya
|Era: Paleozoic
|Preceded by Ediacaran
|Followed by Ordovician
|See Cambrian in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
The Cambrian was the first period of the Paleozoic era of the Phanerozoic eon. The Cambrian period occurred around 542-488 million years ago. Major events include the appearance of hard body parts and the first chordates, brachiopods, and trilobites. Large and distinctly fossilizable complex multi-cellular lifeforms became more common in the Cambrian period than they had been in previous periods, such as the Ediacaran and the Cryogenian, due to an event known as the Cambrian explosion. This event occurred around 530-520 million years ago and resulted in the appearance of all modern phyla, except the bryozoans which appeared later in the Ordovician, as well as many extinct phyla and odd animals that are not closely related to modern animals
The Cambrian period is the first period of the Phanerozoic era. The Cambrian period began after the end of the final period of the Neoproterozoic era known as the Ediacaran period. The Cambrian period is subdivided into three smaller epoch's the Early Cambrian Middle Cambrian and the Furongian (also known as Late Cambrian , Merioneth or Croixan). These epochs are in turn divided into smaller units known as Faunal Stages which are based on corresponding series of rocks that contain similar groups of fossils (such as the Atdabanian ,Tommotian and the Mayan).
Early Cambrian
The Early Cambrian was the first epoch of the Cambrian period. The Early Cambrian occurred between 542 million years ago and 513 million years ago. The Early Cambrian was a time of extreme change in both life on earth (Such as the Cambrian explosion) and in the geological land scape (such as the breakup of the Ediacaran supercontient pannotia). Abundant simple worm traces appeared to be common during during the Earliest Cambrian and in the late Ediacaran period but however they were soon followed by a set of small primitive shelled fossils known as the Small Shelly Fauna who thrived in the latest Ediacaran and the earliest Cambrian (or also known as the Manykian stage) the Small Shelly Fauna were eventually replaced by a more complex group of fossils known as the Tommotian fauna the relationship between modern fauna and the Tommotian fauna is not well known but however the Tommotian fauna quickly went extinct and were replaced by more modern fauna in the Cambrian explosion which followed the disappearance of the Tommotian fauna. The Cambrian explosion resulted in the appearance of most modern phyla as well as many extinct ones. The Ediacarian supercontient pannotia broke up during the Early Cambrian around 540 million years ago which resulted in the formation of the smaller Cambrian continents such as Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia. The shallow oceans of the Early Cambrian formed a hospitable environment for life which allowed light to reach aquatic plants more easily which allowed aquatic plants to increase in size and expand into new locations and allowed coral reefs to evolve and expand into wide belts that extended for of hundreds, or even thousands of kilometers along the coasts in the Cambrian period.
Middle CambrianThe Middle Cambrian is the second epoch of the Cambrian period. The middle Cambrian epoch lasted from 513 to 501 million years ago. The odd fossils of Burgess Shale thrived during the Middle Cambrian epoch and the Anomalocarids and trilobites became abundant during during the middle Cambrian. Due to sea spreading corral reefs and and other habitats were being destroyed which may have spurred on the diversification and development of larger and more mobile organisms such as the Anomalocarids which could reach lengths as long as 2 meters (6 feet). Some paleontologists and geologists such as Andrew Parker have suggested that many key groups of animals evolved the the eye during the Cambrian period (although the eye itself appeared much earlier in the Ediacaran period in an early arthropod known as Bomakellia kelleri) furthermore Andrew Parker and other paleontologists and geologists that have suggested that many key groups of animals evolved the the eye during the Cambrian period also suggest that the Evolution of the eye caused an increase in intelligence in Cambrian fauna because vision requires more intelligence than most other senses.
The Furongian (also known as the Late Cambrian) was the final epoch of the Cambrian that occurred around 501 million years ago to and 488.3 million years ago. Groups that thrived earlier in the Middle Cambrian such as Trilobites, brachiopods and Anomalocarids continued to thrive in the Furongian and trilobites proliferated during the Furongian ,Furongian trilobites serve as index fossils which help identify the start and end of the Furongian epoch. Mollusks also became more diverse and new groups such as the Graptolites and the conodonts who were small micro predators that may have been early chordates also appear during the Furongian epoch. The conodonts are mostly known from the remains of their fossilised teeth. Conodonts went extinct in the Late Triassic around 228 and 199.6 million years ago when the first mammals appeared. The last confirmed members of the Ediacaran biota disappeared during this time around 500 million years ago but however these organisms were already extremely rare before the Furongian epoch.
life in the Cambrian
Life in the Cambrian period underwent a massive Evolutionary radiation between 520 and 530 million years ago known as the Cambrian explosion. The Cambrian explosion and early Cambrian life in general was marked by the appearance of the ancestors of most modern phyla of animals.
Furthermore the first possible tracks on land were made during late Cambrian time. One of the tracks was Climactichnites, which may have been made by a primitive slug-like animal that crawled over the beaches to obtain food. Another late Cambrian track was Protichnites, which was made by the walking activity of an early arthropod. That arthropod, which may have been either a euthycarcinoid or aglaspidid, may have been ancestral to the eurypterids, which became common in the Silurian period, and to the horseshoe crabs. The names Climactichnites and Protichnites are assigned to the trace fossils only rather than the unknown animals that made them. Trilobites appeared and became successful during the Cambrian period and may have descended from organisms such as Spriggina that somewhat resembled trilobites and lived in the earlier Ediacaran period. The first recognizable trilobites such as Fallotaspis appeared in the early Cambrian. Trilobites reached their highest level of diversity in the middle Cambrian ,Ordovician and the Silurian period and declined through the rest of the Paleozoic era. Although chordates may have evolved earlier in the Ediacaran and true fish evolved later in the following Ordovician period, the first identifiable chordates are lancelet-like organisms that appeared in the Cambrian (such as Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa and Haikouichthys).
Primitive cephalopods and marine snails also appeared during the Cambrian period along with other extinct mollusk clades - however mollusks were generally rare during the Cambrian and only became abundant in the Ordovician period. The shelled protozoans known as the foraminifers first appeared during the Cambrian although they reached their peak level of diversity much later in the Carboniferous era which spans from 359 to 299 million years ago. Sponges, echinoderms and the soft-bodied echiurians, which were carnivorous worm-like creatures, also were important groups during the Cambrian period.
The largest Cambrian animals known were the predatory arthropods known as the Anomalocarids. The Anomalocarids averaged at 60 cm (or 2 feet) although one genus, Anomalocaris, could reach lengths as long as 2 m (6 ft 8 in).[1]. The fossil record shows trilobite exoskeletons with large pieces taken out of them which provides evidence that the Anomalocarids prayed on smaller arthropods such as trilobites. The Anomalocarids were very well adapted to their environment and some species of Anomalocarids existed for 30 million years with very little or no change. The Anomalocarids may have descended from an early ediacaran arthropod known as Bomakellia kelleri which also was the earliest animal with sight and eyes and may also have been a relative or ancestor of the trilobites.
It is thought that plants and fungi did not exist on land yet - however the molecular clock suggests that land plants appeared around 700 million years ago in the Cryogenian period of the Neoproterozoic era and fungi began to colonise the land around 1 billion years ago in the tonian period of the neoproterozoic era. Green algae became diverse during the Cambrian and would eventually give rise to land plants during the Ordovician period.
Cambrian continents are thought to be the result of the breakup of the late Ediacaran supercontient pannotia which existed from 600 to 540 million years ago. Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia became independent continents in the Cambrian due to the breakup of the Cryogenian and Ediacaran supercontinent known as Pannotia. The rate of continental drift during the Cambrian period would have been abnormally high. Cambrian climates are thought to have been warmer than the climates of the previous Ediacaran and Cryogenian periods which experienced (or began shortly after) the worldwide ice age snowball earth. There was no ice at the poles during the Cambrian. The Cambrian oceans were shallow, warm and widespread compared to the cooler and deeper oceans of the previous Ediacaran period. Most of the southern hemisphere was covered by a large ocean known as Panthalassa although many minor oceans such as Proto-Tethys Ocean, Iapetus Ocean, and Khanty Ocean also existed and expanded during this time mostly in the northern hemisphere.
External links
- palaeos Cambrian
- Weird Life on the Mats
- Photos of Cambrian trace fossils and stranded jellyfish
- Dr. Sam Gon's trilobite pages (contains numerous Cambrian trilobites)
- Biostratigraphy - includes information on Cambrian trilobite biostratigraphy
- Report on the web on Amthor and others from Geology vol. 31
- Paleomap Project
- Examples of Cambrian Fossils
|Paleozoic era


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Stay connected with us to get the latest health and fitness news, innovative workouts, healthy recipes and wellness tips.
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ACE Fit Share
Do you have the best of intentions, but ultimately struggle to get the recommended five to nine servings of fruits and vegetables per day? Don't worry, you are not alone. In fact, very few people get anywhere near the recommended amount.
Start your pursuit to increase your produce intake by gauging where you currently stand. Are you eating one serving per day or four? From there, set a realistic goal, like increasing your intake by one or two servings per day. Next, plan that goal of produce intake into your day. Once you reach your goal and maintain it for several weeks, consider setting a new goal, until eventually you achieve the recommended amounts per day for optimal health.
Here are 10 tips to help make it easier to incorporate fruits and vegetables into your family's meals and snacks:
• Wash and cut fresh vegetables after purchasing them. This makes it easier to grab-and-go during the week and reduces the risk they'll be forgotten and go bad.
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• Ditch the candy jar! Instead, keep a bowl of washed apples, oranges, bananas and other ready-to-eat fruits on the table.
• Have a sweet tooth? Try eating fruit with yogurt for dessert.
• Include a veggie tray with dip for a healthy before-dinner snack.
• Make a habit of including a side salad with a mix of leafy greens with lunch and/or dinner.
• Add veggies like spinach, tomatoes, peppers and avocado to sandwiches
• Add veggies to your pizza.
• Make fruit smoothies for breakfast and snacks.
• Incorporate at least one serving of veggies and/or fruits into all snacks and meals throughout the day.
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Explainer: Why are Expats Represented in Home Countries?
On June 17th, a New Yorker was elected to the French Parliament.
Corinne Narassiguin, a French citizen who has lived in the United States since 2002 and works as a banker in the Big Apple, now represents the first constituency for French residents overseas, an electoral district comprised of the United States and Canada. It's estimated that the "district" contains a little over 150,000 French citizens who are registered to vote.
France's 2012 parliamentary elections marked the first time that French expats could elect direct representation in their home country. Eleven of the 577 seats in parliament were reserved for expat communities; in essence, France carved up the globe into 11 electoral districts. Necessarily, these districts can be extremely large. One stretches from South Africa to Iraq.
France's new policy is a step beyond letting expats cast absentee ballots in their home electoral districts while overseas. That's something U.S. citizens have been allowed to do since 1975; ninety-one countries around the world currently allow expat voting of this sort.
Only 17 countries have ever done what France has just started doing. The list includes Algeria; Angola; Cape Verde; Haiti; Estonia; Italy; and the Dominican Republic, which now has three expat representatives based in New Jersey.
Why give special representation to expats? Generally, proponents of such a system say that it gives the diaspora community a greater voice in their native country's affairs. In France's case, 11 seats out of 577 isn't exactly the kind of bloc that could lead the political conversation, but it is a symbolic and practical expansion of representation: You have a voice in parliament that you didn't before.
One reason nations may want to extend special representation to expats is to increase the likelihood that they will return one day. But in some cases, it may also serve a political purpose.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy pushed for his country to adopt expat representation following his election in 2007, at a time when it was assumed most expats would favor the policies of the right-leaning president, and therefore elect sympathetic representation to overseas seats. This proved to be half-correct: Sarkozy carried 53 percent of the expat vote in this year's presidential election, but seven of the 11 overseas seats went to Socialist candidates, North America's Corinne Narassigun among them.
"The reforms that introduce external voting are very often decided on partisan grounds by incumbent governments who expect to gain because they think the expat vote will be in their favor," said Rainer Bauböck, a professor of social and political theory at the European University Institute who appeared on The Brian Lehrer Show Wednesday morning.
Giving expats their own seats in legislative bodies can also keep them from swaying elections in districts back in their home countries. A government might want to remove the possibility of, say, liberal expats tipping the scales in their native, conservative districts, and sticking the locals with a representative they don't care for and whose job performance doesn't directly impact the overseas voters who put them there.
Whatever the logic behind offering special representation to overseas citizens, the idea probably sounds strange to most Americans, mainly because we don't do it. But evolutions in external voting, beginning with the humble absentee ballot for citizens abroad, appear to have kept pace, generally, with advances in technology and transportation. The easier it is to move around the world, the harder states might try to keep their citizens feeling like citizens, wherever they live.
"Globalization and the promotion of transnational ties by sending states are certainly the main explanation for the global trend towards external voting rights," Rainer Bauböck said.
Alfredo Rodriguez, a New Jersey resident and citizen of the Dominican Republic who is one of the three newly-elected expat representatives to the DR, was also on The Brian Lehrer Show this morning. He said that overseas representatives in the U.S. could do more than just advocate for the interests of expats.
"I came to the U.S. when I was six years old. I came here with the American Dream that I was able to fulfill, but there's a lot of Dominicans in the Dominican Republic that want to have their own dreams there," Rodriguez said. "It seems like some government is not taking care of most of their needs. Dominicans that are here, we understand both worlds."
Correction: This article originally said there were 15 countries that allowed special representation for expats, which was according to Rainer Bauböck. But on Wednesday's Brian Lehrer Show, Bauböck self-corrected, saying there were actually 16 countries that did this. The list mistakenly excluded Macedonia.
A caller also chimed in to say their home country should have been included in the count. Adding Ecuador to the list makes 17.


text:
Drivetime Tuesday 18 June 2013
Mary Wilson presents an information packed evening news magazine with all the stories of the day
Dr Susan O'Reilly Director of the National Cancer Control Programme.
Joe Leahy the Financial Times's Brazil bureau chief
In her political column Olivia O'Leary looks at the face we present to the world
Dearbhail McDonald Legal Affairs Editor of the Irish Independent
We spoke to Professor Andrew Lubin, author and defense analyst, who has reported several times from Afghanistan, and he outlined what exactly is being handed over and what are the security implications.
Fergal Keane reports from Enniskillen
Exclusive reports from Drivetime's John Cooke who to some of the 160 Syrian Refugees adjusting to life in County Roscommon.
Graham Clifford reports on the plight of the population there.
Presenter: Mary Wilson


text:
Law Firms in Jacksonville, Florida
Sheftall & Associates
Jacksonville, Florida Litigation Attorneys(904) 638-7712
At Sheftall & Associates, we deliver smart, strategic, and cost-effective litigation and transactional solutions to a range of clients across the banking, business, real estate, insurance, and mobile media sectors. Knowledge. Skill. Focus. Attributes we put into practice every day. We think entrepreneurially...
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Gillette Law, PA
Jacksonville, Florida Personal Injury Lawyer(904) 600-4758 or (888) 966-8056
Gillette Law P.A. handles personal injury cases from its offices in Jacksonville, Florida. The law firm provides high-quality legal service in a timely and efficient manner. The success of the law firm has allowed it to extend its service to clients in both Florida and Georgia.
For more than 20...
Law Firm's Overview ArticlesFree ConsultationContingency Fee
The Lawrence Law Group
Jacksonville, Florida Personal Injury & Business Law Firm(904) 632-0077
The Lawrence Law Group in Jacksonville, FL, handles cases involving injuries, insurance and nursing home claims. Attorneys work on the philosophy that justice has to be served in whatever forms that takes. Justice could be recovering lost wages or making people accountable for negligence, and their...
Law Firm's Overview Free ConsultationContingency Fee
Law Office of David M. Goldman, PLLC
Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyers(904) 685-1200
Law Office of David M. Goldman PLLC is primarily an asset protection, estate planning and probate firm based in Jacksonville and serving clients throughout Clay, Duval, Nassau, and Baker Counties. Practice areas encompass estate planning, asset protection trusts, Medicaid planning and elder law, homestead...
Law Firm's Overview ArticlesFree ConsultationCredit Cards
The Mussallem Law Firm, PA
Jacksonville Criminal Law Attorney(904) 365-5200
The Mussallem Law Firm, P.A. is a criminal defense firm located in Jacksonville and serving clients throughout Northeast Florida, including Duval, Clay, Nassau, and St. Johns Counties. Our practice areas encompass affray/fighting, assault, BUI and DUI, theft and robbery, child abuse, criminal mischief,...
Law Firm's Overview Free Consultation
The Forbess Law Firm, PA
Criminal Defense Law Firm in Jacksonville, Florida(904) 634-0900
The Forbess Law Firm, P.A. is a criminal defense firm located in Jacksonville, Florida and serving clients throughout Duval, Baker, Clay, Nassau, and St. Johns Counties. Our practice areas encompass DUI and driving on a suspended license, domestic battery and violent crimes, drug and sex crimes, firearm/weapon/gun...
Law Firm's Overview Free ConsultationCredit Cards
Murphy & Ellis, PLLC
Business Law Firm in Jacksonville, Florida(904) 342-6009
Murphy & Ellis, PLLC is a business law and civil litigation firm located in Jacksonville, Florida. Formed in 2013, we strive to build strong, lasting client relationships. We believe that with a thorough understanding of our clients' business, we can anticipate their needs. For us law is personal. And...
Law Firm's Overview
Owenby Law, P.A.
Bankruptcy Probate and Family Law Attorneys in Jacksonville, Florida(904) 770-3141
No matter what the case may be, the lawyers at Owenby Law, P.A. possess the necessary skills and experience to handle any matters involving marital, family law, bankruptcy, estate planning, and probate issues. This team can take the time to explore your case detail by detail and formulate a strategy...
Law Firm's Overview Free ConsultationCredit Cards
The Law Offices of Justin McMurray, PA
Bankruptcy & Foreclosure Defense Attorney in Jacksonville, Florida(904) 248-4482 or (888) 316-2131
The Law Offices of Justin McMurray, P.A. is a bankruptcy and foreclosure law firm based in Jacksonville, FL. We have extensive experience helping individuals, families, and businesses in filing for Chapter 7, Chapter 13, and Chapter 11 bankruptcy. We also offer aggressive, skilled defense for those...
Law Firm's Overview VideosFree Consultation
Morgan & Morgan
Personal Injury Lawyers in Jacksonville, Florida(904) 398-2722
Morgan & Morgan was established as a national plaintiffs law firm specializing in personal injury claims. Since its founding in 1988, the firm has represented more than 75,000 clients, and has won hundreds of millions of dollars for them. The success of the firm's attorneys has earned them high praise...
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Lena Korial-Yonan, PA
Immigration Lawyers in Jacksonville, Florida(904) 448-6646
The Law Office of Lena Korial-Yonan, P.A., is a Jackson, Florida based immigration law firm that handles immigration cases throughout Florida and the United States. The firm is dedicated to providing top-quality legal service, and places an emphasis on quality, results, and communication with its clients....
Law Firm's Overview ArticlesVideosCredit Cards
Joffe Law, PA
Federal Criminal Trial, Appellate, Post Conviction(954) 723-0007
Joffe Law specializes in criminal defense and has offices throughout Florida, including Fort Lauderdale, Tampa, Orlando, Naples, Miami and West Palm Beach. Since 1989 Joffe Law has defended clients in Florida, throughout the U.S. and internationally. We have handled over 1000 serious federal charges...
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Owenby Law, P.A.
Bankruptcy, Probate and Family Law Attorneys in Orange Park, Florida(904) 263-5759
No matter what the case may be, the lawyers at Owenby Law, P.A. possess the necessary skills and experience to handle any matters involving marital, family law, bankruptcy, estate planning, and probate issues. This team can take the time to explore your case detail by detail and formulate a strategy...
Law Firm's Overview Free ConsultationCredit Cards
Akerman Senterfitt
Corporate, Litigation, Real Estate, Government, Bankruptcy, L&E, IP, Healthcare, and Taxation Firm(904) 798-3700
Akerman is a leading transactions and trial law firm known for its core strengths in middle-market M&A, within the financial services and real estate industries, and for a diverse Latin America practice. With more than 550 lawyers and government affairs professionals and a network of 19 offices, we...
Law Firm's Overview
Allen Dyer Doppelt Milbrath & Gilchrist P.A.
Florida Intellectual Property Law Firm, Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights Attorneys(904) 398-7000 or (877) 886-8810
Allen Dyer Doppelt Milbrath & Gilchrist P.A. is engaged in law practice concentrating on intellectual property and related litigation matters. Our firm has been named by the trade journal Intellectual Property Today as being among the top 100 law firms in the U.S. for obtaining patents and trademark...
Law Firm's Overview Articles
Arnold Law Firm
Jacksonville Criminal Defense, Appellate and Family Attorneys(904) 731-3800
The Arnold Law Firm is based in Jacksonville, Florida and specializes in criminal law and family law. In addition to our specialties, the Arnold Law Firm is a full-service firm which provides both individuals and businesses with a wide range of legal services. We are experienced litigators who are not...
Law Firm's Overview Free ConsultationCredit Cards
Bryant, Miller & Olive
Public Finance, Government and Business Law Firm in Jacksonville, Florida(904) 384-1264
Bryant Miller Olive represents governments, businesses and agencies nationwide in legal matters relating to public finance, state and local government law, complex transactions, project finance and litigation.
The firm has been Bond Counsel on more deals in the Southeast than any other firm for the...
Law Firm's Overview
Chalik & Chalik Law Offices
Jacksonville Personal Injury Attorneys(954) 903-4199 or (855) 529-0269
Chalik & Chalik is a Jacksonville law firm representing clients in personal injury cases, including: bicycle accidents, birth Injuries, boating accidents, car accidents, commercial truck accidents, DUI accidents, medical malpractice, motorcycle accidents, work injuries, and more.
Chalik & Chalik...
Law Firm's Overview Free Consultation
Conroy Simberg
Insurance Defense Law Firm Offering a Full Range of Legal Services(904) 296-6004
Conroy Simberg is a premier insurance defense law firm with more than 150 lawyers working across a diverse range of practice areas. We have office locations in Hollywood, West Palm Beach, Orlando, Fort Myers, Miami, Pensacola, Tallahassee, Tampa, Jacksonville and Naples, Florida.
Law Firm's Overview
Constangy, Brooks & Smith, LLP
Labor and Employment Law Firm(904) 356-8900
Constangy, Brooks & Smith, LLP, is a management-only labor and employment law firm. We handle litigation prevention and defense, labor relations, benefits, immigration, workers' compensation (selected states only), wage and hour, occupational safety and health, and affirmative action. We also have a...
Law Firm's Overview
Fallgatter & Catlin, PA
Jacksonville Personal Injury and Criminal Defense Lawyers(904) 353-5800
Fallgatter & Catlin, P.A. is a law firm based in Jacksonville, FL providing a variety of legal services to clients throughout the surrounding cities and counties of Florida. The partners of the firm have an impressive 80 years of combined legal experience and pride themselves in providing their clients...
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Foley & Lardner LLP
Business Law Firm(904) 359-2000
Foley & Lardner LLP is a highly regarded, national law firm providing client-focused, industry-specific services that result in high-value legal counsel for our clients. Our practice areas encompass the full range of corporate legal services, including corporate governance and compliance, securities,...
Law Firm's Overview
Ford & Harrison
Florida Employment & Labor Law Firm(904) 357-2000
Founded in Atlanta in 1978, Ford & Harrison has built a national practice in all aspects of labor and employment law with 18 offices across the country. More than 190 labor and employment lawyers at the firm strive to provide clients with sound legal advice, practical counseling and excellent client service.
Law Firm's Overview
Fowler White Boggs PA
Business and Litigation Law Firm(904) 598-3100
At Fowler White Boggs P.A., our lawyers are leaders in their respective fields, providing experienced, knowledgeable, trusted and valuable advice to clients.
We have five offices throughout the state of Florida, in addition to the national and international reach we have with our affiliate law firms....
Law Firm's Overview
Gold & Rizvi, PA
Florida Trademark and Patent Attorneys(904) 351-6919 or (866) 433-2288
Gold & Rizvi, P.A. believe that is far better to excel in a single area of law then to be mediocre in a number of different fields. So, we focus on doing only one thing - protecting new ideas - and doing it better than anyone else.
Every day we secure and preserve the intellectual property rights...
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Gray Robinson, PA
Full-Service Corporate Florida Law Firm(904) 598-9929
Gray Robinson, PA provides exceptional legal services to Fortune 500 companies, emerging businesses, lending institutions, local and state agencies, entrepreneurs, developers and individuals across Florida, the nation and the world.
Law Firm's Overview
Business Law Firm(904) 354-1980 or (866) 915-7185
The complexities of today's business environment require leadership with a steady hand, and an experienced team who know how to work together. Gunster's lawyers work within eighteen networked practices linked across nine offices around the state. This strategy magnifies the depth and scope of the knowledge,...
Law Firm's Overview
Hall Booth Smith, P.C.
Jacksonville Full-Service Law Firm(904) 236-4929
Hall Booth Smith, P.C. (HBS) is a leading law firm in the Southeastern United States. Established in 1980, our firm prides itself on comprehensive, cost-effective representation and a commitment to excellence in client service. We realize that our success is dependent on helping our clients be successful.
Law Firm's Overview
Harrell & Harrell, PA
Personal Injury Lawyers in Jacksonville, Florida(904) 251-1111 or (800) 251-1111
Harrell and Harrell is the largest personal injury law firm headquartered in Northeast Florida and is one of the largest personal injury firms in the state. Even though we are located in Jacksonville, we serve out of state clients, as well. We have over three hundred years of combined experience between...
Other Offices: Jacksonville, Jacksonville
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Harrs Guidi Rosner, PA
Jacksonville Personal Injury Lawyers(904) 777-7777 or (888) 262-4520
Harrs Guidi Rosner, PA is an experienced Florida-based law firm. We are more proud of our client service reputation than we are of our reputation for winning. We spend time determining your specific tangible and emotional needs and then we aggressively pursue ways to take care of them, doing whatever...
Law Firm's Overview
Hinshaw & Culbertson LLP
Full-Service National Law Firm(904) 359-9620
Hinshaw & Culbertson LLP was founded in 1934 and is headquartered in Chicago. We have offices in 12 states: Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island and Wisconsin.
At Hinshaw, we value long-term client relationships. That's...
Law Firm's Overview
Holland & Knight LLP
Full Service Global Firm(904) 353-2000
Holland & Knight LLP offers the experience and resources to handle your most difficult legal challenges. But we are dedicated to going beyond, to being your counselors in the fullest sense of the word. That involves more than knowing the law. It's understanding your business and your needs almost as...
Law Firm's Overview
Hutchinson Law
Jacksonville Divorce Attorneys(904) 638-3134
Hutchinson Law in Jacksonville, FL, handles cases involving divorce or family issues. The law firm is experienced in helping clients in negotiations and court. Attorneys take time to resolve complex issues involved in family disputes.
The attorneys at the firm understand the emotional stress involved...
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Kattman and Pinaud
Medical Malpractice and Family Law Firm in Jacksonville, Florida(904) 398-1229
Kattman & Pinaud, Attorneys at Law is a multi-faceted law firm based in Jacksonville, Florida providing a host of legal services to clients throughout the nearby areas of Florida as well statewide and even cases going to the United States Supreme Court in Washington, DC. The firm was founded over 30...
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Lansing J. Roy, PA
Jacksonville, Florida Bankruptcy Attorneys(904) 391-0030
The Law Firm of Lansing J. Roy P.A. in Jacksonville, FL, provides legal advice to those people who are overwhelmed with too much debt. The firm is dedicated to bankruptcy law and how that affects individuals, families and businesses. The firm wants people to get relief from debts and have positive futures.
Law Firm's Overview Free Consultation
Law Office of Donald Guthrie
Jacksonville, Florida Personal Injury Lawyer(904) 269-1088
At the Law Office of Donald Guthrie, we believe in justice. We believe that every person, corporation, and organization should be responsible for his, her, or its actions – especially when those actions cause harm to another person.
As an experienced Jacksonville personal injury lawyer, Donald Guthrie...
Law Firm's Overview
Law Office of Douglas A. Oberdorfer, PA
Jacksonville, Florida Family & Estate Planning Lawyer(904) 354-5454
For over 13 years, I have been helping individuals, business owners and families reach positive and effective resolutions regarding their estate. My practice can handle a variety of cases involving probate administration, probate litigation, estate planning, guardianship, financial powers of attorney,...
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Law Offices of Kathryn S. Robbie
Jacksonville Divorce Attorney(904) 348-5504
The Law Offices of Kathryn S. Robbie is an experienced, dedicated law firm located in Jacksonville, Florida. We don't fit the traditional model of a formal law firm. Instead, we offer compassionate legal representation throughout North Florida from a competent Duval County divorce and family law attorney...
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Lippelman Horan, Attorneys at Law
Jacksonville Homeowner Association Representation Law Firm(904) 396-4529
Lippleman Horan, attorneys at law admirably serve and represent Jacksonville residents with a legal expertise and personal care stemming from 65 years of combined legal experience and the love and respect generated from working with family. The firm's four dedicated lawyers assist Floridians in business,...
Law Firm's Overview Free Consultation
Makofka & Makofka, Attorneys at Law
Jacksonville, FL Divorce, Personal Injury, & Criminal Law Firm(904) 355-2700
Makofka & Makofka, Attorneys at Law is a Jacksonville, FL law firm that handles civil and criminal cases both at trial and on appeal. With over fifty years of combined legal experienced, trust our seasoned Florida lawyers to put their experience to work for you.
We're a family operation that combines...
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McGuireWoods LLP
Full-Service Legal Law Firm(904) 798-3200
At McGuireWoods, we deliver quality work, personalized service and exceptional value. We use technology to provide efficient legal solutions and employ a diverse workforce to bring real-world and innovative perspectives to meet our clients' needs.
With approximately 900 lawyers and 17 strategically...
Law Firm's Overview
Nooney & Roberts
Jacksonville, Florida Personal Injury, Family Law and Criminal Defense Attorneys(904) 398-1992
The Law Offices of J. Scott Nooney & Associates is a traditional or old fashioned law firm. We help people with all of their legal problems. You can call the Law Offices of J. Scott Nooney & Associates with any legal question. You do not have to call one law office for your family law question and a...
Law Firm's Overview
Shorstein, Lasnetski & Gihon
Florida Criminal Defense Lawyers(904) 642-3332
The Law Office of Shorstein & Lasnetski is a Jacksonville, Florida law firm defending clients in all litigation matters including state and federal criminal defense, serious personal injury and wrongful death cases, white collar crimes and business litigation. We strive to be accessible to our clients...
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Stepniak & Park
Daytona Beach Criminal Defense Attorney(904) 288-5515
At the law firm of Stepniak & Park our attorneys and staff give their undivided attention to our clients in order to create a high level of comfort and trust between client and attorney.
Our attorneys, Stepniak & Park and Jane S. Park, work as a team along with our experienced staff. With years of...
Law Firm's Overview
Stone Lockett
Criminal Defense Lawyers in Florida(904) 396-3335
Stone Lockett is an AV rated law firm and is included in Martindale Hubbel's Bar register of Preeminent Lawyers. Attorney Mitch Stone is a Florida Bar Board Certified Criminal Trial Lawyer. He is a widely-known lecturer on DUI and criminal defense strategies and has been preferred by large organizations...
Law Firm's Overview
The Lasky Law Firm
Jacksonville Divorce Attorney(904) 399-1644
Trust The Lasky Law Firm to protect your family. Their Jacksonville family law attorneys are backed by 50+ years' combined experience.
Other Offices: Jacksonville
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The Law Offices of Robert J. Fenstersheib & Associates, P.A.
Florida Personal Injury, Wrongful Death and Mass Tort Lawyers(954) 456-2488
The Law Offices of Robert J. Fenstersheib & Associates, P.A. is a personal injury law firm that handles all types of accident cases, including but not limited to: motor vehicle accidents, slip and fall, pedestrian accidents, wrongful death, mass torts, and dangerous drugs and devices. The firm has office...
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Wicker Smith O'Hara McCoy & Ford PA
Full-Service Litigation Firm(904) 355-0225
Wicker, Smith, O'Hara, McCoy & Ford, P.A. is a full-service litigation firm with offices located throughout Florida in Miami, Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, Orlando, Tampa, Naples and Jacksonville. Clients turn to Wicker Smith when they have critical and complex litigation matters because of the...
Law Firm's Overview
Grady H. Williams, Jr., LL.M., Attorneys at Law, PA
Jacksonville Estate Planning and Elder Law Attorneys(904) 637-1489
Grady H. Williams, Jr., LLM is conveniently located outside of Jacksonville in Orange Park, and we reach out to families throughout Clay and Duval Counties, including:
• Westside
• Oakleaf
• Mandarin
• Fleming Island
• Middleburg
• Green Cove Springs
• Keystone Heights
We make...
Law Firm's Overview Free Consultation
John Fagan Accident Lawyers
Jacksonville Personal Injury and Accident Lawyer(844) 564-6411
John Fagan Accident Lawyers, in Orange Park, FL, handles personal injury cases. The firm helps clients know the law and how it applies to accident victims. The staff members treat clients with respect and compassion as their cases progress.
Attorney John Fagan understands that people who are victims...
Law Firm's Overview Free ConsultationContingency Fee


text:
Risks is the TUC's weekly online bulletin for safety reps and others, read each week by over 15,000 subscribers and 1,500 on the TUC website. To receive this bulletin every week, click here. Past issues are available. This edition contains Useful links TUC courses for safety reps Disclaimer and Privacy
Editor: Rory O'Neill of Hazards magazine. Comments to the TUC at [email protected]
Union news
HSE is still facing staff crisis
A Health and Safety Executive (HSE) announcement that it is to recruit 40 new inspectors will still leave the safety watchdog too stretched to properly do its job, critics have warned. HSE support staff union PCS says there has been a 25 per cent reduction in staff across HSE since 2002, and is warning the planned closure of its London HQ and the relocation of 320 jobs to Bootle will leave 'a smaller, less efficient HSE'. Health and safety professionals' organisation IOSH has said the recruitment of 40 new HSE inspectors is 'a step in the right direction', but is not enough. IOSH president Ray Hurst said 'there is still a considerable shortfall in what's needed to fulfil its inspection and enforcement function and its advisory role as well as a number of random inspections.' He added a growing workforce, HSE's expanded brief and an increase in the number of 'at risk' groups like migrants and older workers would add to the pressure on HSE, as would 'a major increase in construction work, with proposals to build three million new homes by 2020, the building of the Olympic Games venue by 2012 and completion of the 'cross-rail' project by 2017. There are problems too with some of the ageing infrastructure in this country, and emerging new issues, like nanotechnology.' He concluded: 'Longer term, 40 additional inspectors is not nearly enough.' After a spate of construction deaths in New York, the city - which is similar in size to London - announced this month it is to hire 63 more inspectors to enforce safety rules at construction sites.
Spit kits need union input
Transport union Unite has welcomed the announcement that London's bus drivers are to be issued with DNA 'spit kits'. Unite senior industrial organiser Peter Kavanagh, said: 'We welcome the planned roll out of this programme across the bus network, which has been in development for a number of years. Spitting is the ultimate act of disrespect and abuse. We have members who are punched, beaten, have stones thrown through their windows - all in the course of trying to keep our city moving.' He added, however: 'The training and implementation of these initiatives will only be effective with the active involvement of the union that represents all London's bus workers. Unite has already been involved in the development of DNA spit kits within Metroline and Arriva over the past few years.' He said transport firms must help drivers report attacks. 'Where DNA spit kits are already in operation, drivers are expected to complete the police procedures within their own time. In order to increase the chances of drivers taking advantage of this positive announcement and to increase the likelihood of the culprits being caught, we expect the operators to release these drivers during paid time.' The move announced by London mayor Boris Johnson followed last week's commitment to see an extra 440 uniformed police staff patrolling major London bus stations.
Payouts for stone dust disease
Two foundry workers who developed silicosis, one of the longest recognised occupational lung diseases, have received compensation. The Unite members, who both worked in the melting department of Federal Mogul's Southwick factory on Wearside, have received 'substantial' payouts in an out of court settlement. The payouts were held up for eight years because US multinational Federal Mogul, also the owner of UK asbestos giant Turner and Newall, went into administration, freezing settlements until a Trust was finalised last year to deal with claims (Risks 357). Both men exposed to silica dust while working for Hepworth and Grandage Ltd, later known as Federal Mogul (Sunderland) Limited, as furnace men between the 1970s and late 1990s. Raymond Minto, 59, started work at the factory in 1969. His job involved stripping out furnaces and relining them with silica mix. He remembered the job as 'filthy' and being surrounded by dust with just a rubber mask, gloves and ear defenders for protection. He is now out of work as a result of his breathing problems. The second Wearside man, who does not wish to be named, also worked as a furnace man from 1970 to 1999 and was forced to take early retirement aged only 52. Unite North East regional secretary Davey Hall said: 'I'm pleased that our members are now at the end of an eight year wait for compensation.'
Paramedic gets vehicle crash payout
A paramedic who was injured after a van driver overshot a red light and collided with his ambulance has received a £62,856 payout. North East Ambulance Service paramedic David Fenwick, 55, suffered a serious shoulder injury that required two operations. At the time of the accident in June 2005, the UNISON member was in the passenger seat of the ambulance. As a result of the injury, he was forced to take time off work, and when he did return was put on light duties. As well as suffering pain, the injury prevented him from carrying out everyday tasks, such as household chores and decorating. Mr Fenwick commented: 'Thankfully I was wearing my seatbelt so the injury wasn't as bad as it might have been. Even so, it was a huge shock, even in my profession, and highlights the dangers of running a red light. The driver of the van could have killed himself as well as others.' Liz Twist, head of health in UNISON's Northern region, said: 'Reckless driving caused pain and injury to a man who spent his working life caring for others. I am pleased that UNISON was able to help gain compensation for David, but I am sure he would far rather have the full use of his arm than any amount of money.'
Unions act on education's mental stresses
Unions representing workers in education have issued guidance designed to remedy work-related mental health problems in the sector. Education routinely tops the stress league table in TUC's safety reps' surveys. And the sector was highlighted as a high risk area for work-related suicides in a February 2008 report from Hazards magazine (Risks 345). A joint letter to head teachers from the unions GMB, NUT, UNISON and Unite says their new guide 'will, we hope, provide you with valuable information, both on how to prevent the development of mental health conditions and on how to support staff who do fall ill.' It outlines the nature of the problem, the Health and Safety Executive's (HSE) stress management standards as a tool for stress reduction and what to do when a member of staff develops a mental health condition, including the support that can be provided by occupational health services and external organisations. A note from the unions to union representatives advises them to arrange to meet with the head teacher to discuss how the guidance might be applied in their school. The unions recommend a joint approach on behalf of both teaching and support staff. They add that placing the guidance on the agenda of the school's safety committee is an effective way to bring the topic into the open and encouraging a debate.
- NUT news release and joint union guide, Preventing work-related mental health conditions by tackling stress: Guidance for head teachers [pdf]. Hazards work-related suicides news and resources.
Other news
Head teacher 'suicide' inquiry call
Relatives of a Scottish head teacher thought to have taken her own life after a critical school inspection have demanded a fatal accident inquiry. The death of Irene Hogg, 54, at the end of March follows a spate of work-related teacher suicides, a number linked to school inspections (Risks 337). Miss Hogg's family claim she was the victim of work-related stress, and fear her council employers may have ignored her pleas for help. She had been head teacher at Glendinning Terrace Primary in Galashiels for 19 years. Her brother Roger Hogg, who lives in Australia, has attempted to obtain copies of emails she sent to Scottish Borders Council in the period leading up to the school inspection but the request has been refused. A freedom of information request made by Mr Hogg, 47, to establish what was said at a meeting between Miss Hogg and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education officials has also been denied. Friends say the five day inspection had left her 'disillusioned'. Mr Hogg said an inquiry was necessary to establish exactly what caused his sister's death. Her body was discovered next to a burn near Towford Outdoor Centre in the Cheviot Hills, on 26 March. It is understood tests carried out following her death have so far proved inconclusive. A February report from the trade union safety magazine Hazards said work-related suicides could be killing over 250 workers in the UK each year - more than die in workplace accidents (Risks 345).
- BBC News Online. The Times. Daily Record. Daily Mail. Scottish Borders Council tribute page to Irene Hogg.
Common solvents threaten fertility
Men regularly exposed to chemicals found in paint and other common products may be more prone to fertility problems, UK research as indicated. Men such as painters and decorators, who work with a family of solvents called glycol ethers, are two-and-a-half times more likely to produce fewer 'normal' sperm. The findings reinforce warnings issued in 1983 by the US authorities about reproductive hazards to both male and female workers from occupational exposure to certain glycol ethers. The chemicals have remained in common industrial usage since this time. The new study looked at 2,118 men attending 14 fertility clinics in 11 cities across the UK. The joint research project between the Universities of Manchester and Sheffield, which was part funded by the Health and Safety Executive, looked at two groups of men attending fertility clinics - those with sperm motility problems, and those without them. The men were questioned about their jobs, lifestyles, and potential exposure to chemicals, revealing greatly reduced sperm motility among those exposed to glycol ethers. These chemicals are widely used as solvents in water-based paints, graffiti removers and other commonly available products. Dr Andy Povey, from the University of Manchester, said: 'We know that certain glycol ethers can affect male fertility and the use of these has reduced over the past two decades. However, our work suggests they are still a workplace hazard and further work is needed to reduce such exposure.' The researchers, whose findings were published online in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine, concluded that, apart from glycol ethers, there are currently few workplace chemical threats to male fertility.
- Sheffield University news release. Science Daily news release. The Telegraph. BBC News Online. CBC News.
ScotRail offers reward to find rail vandal
First ScotRail has offered a £1,000 reward for anyone able to help bring to justice the vandal who dangled a heavy metal object from a bridge, causing it to crash through the windscreen of a train. Train drivers' union ASLEF says the 37-year-old driver narrowly avoided being seriously injured - or even killed - in the incident last week, as his passenger train was travelling at 60 mph when it was struck. The driver managed to bring the train to a halt near Blantyre in Lanarkshire despite having suffered cuts and injuries to his face and being showered with glass. He was taken to Wishaw Hospital and later released after treatment. ASLEF's officer in Scotland, Kevin Lindsay, said the incident could easily have led to far more tragic consequences and commended Scotrail for putting up the reward. He added that the union was working jointly with the union Unite 'on a campaign to ensure better legal protection for bus, tram and train drivers. We would like to see a transport bill giving our members the same protection as the emergency services.'
Former nurse's shock at asbestos illness
Another former nurse has fallen victim to the asbestos cancer mesothelioma. Diane Coote, 57, believes she was exposed to the deadly dust in her 10 years nursing at hospitals in Norwich. She said: 'It's only three months ago that I was diagnosed and we are still trying to come to terms with the terrible prognosis. I'm just so shocked that I could have picked it up as a nurse. I have spent all my life caring for other people, now someone has got to look after me.' She added: 'Asbestos lagging was on the pipes at the hospitals where I worked, and I must have been exposed to dusty conditions there... Maintenance men worked on the pipes and, as a junior nurse, we were sometimes expected to clear up after them.' Local paper the Norwich Evening News reported that Mrs Coote's case mirrors that of Mary Artherton, 59, another former nurse who earlier this year was told she would receive compensation for asbestos-related mesothelioma after the health authority, Norfolk and Norwich Hospital's NHS Trust, accepted liability (Risks 343). Mrs Coote read about Mrs Artherton's case in the paper and she subsequently engaged the same solicitor, David Cass of Irwin Mitchell solicitors.
Beehive firm doesn't cut it on wood dust
A Lincolnshire firm making beehives has been fined after a worker was injured by a cutting machine and colleagues were exposed to potentially harmful Western Red Cedar wood dust. Company managers had attended a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) woodworking safety and health awareness day only seven months earlier, but have now been criticised by HSE for not acting on what they learned. Wragby-based EH Thorne (Beehives) Limited was fined £12,500 and ordered to pay £5,000 costs at Skegness Magistrates Court after pleading guilty safety offences. On 26 June 2006, an employee's hand was injured when trying to remove a piece of wood that had jammed in the cutter block of a running woodworking machine. A number of employees were also routinely exposed Western Red Cedar wood dust, which is a potent cause of occupational asthma. Wood dust is also a top rated work cancer risk. The exposures occurred even though tests on the extraction system had earlier identified it was performing unsatisfactorily. HSE inspector for Lincolnshire Dr Ian James Ellison said: 'The scale of the deficiencies was reflected in the two prohibition notices and eight improvement notices issued requiring the company to act on the advice given at the safety awareness day event. Employers must ensure that this sort of work is properly planned to take account of health and safety risks and that employees are made fully aware of the risks associated with cutting machinery and hazardous substances.'
- HSE news release and hazardous substances and work equipment webpages.
Firm fined for four flattened fingers
An engineering firm has been fined after an employee had his fingers crushed in an unguarded 60 ton power press. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) brought the case following its investigation into the incident on 25 June 2007 at Metal Products (Arden) Ltd's site in Burntwood. Speaking after the case, HSE investigating inspector Wai-Kin Liu said: 'Operating power presses without suitable and appropriate guards is reckless and blatantly ignores the safety of employees, an act which cannot go unpunished.' He added: 'Power presses without suitable safeguards are among the most dangerous machines used in industry and the risks are well known. Serious injuries such as amputation can result when limbs, or parts of limbs, become trapped by moving parts. It is has been a requirement in law for over 40 years that such machines have guards to stop serious injuries to operators and that has resulted in a significant and steady reduction of injury rates. It is intolerable in this day and age that incidents like this are still happening.' Metal Products (Arden) Ltd was fined a total of £7,000 and full costs of £4,131 were awarded to the prosecution at Stafford Magistrates' Court last week after the company pleaded guilty to breaches of health and safety legislation.
Meat firm chops off fingers
A multinational meat processing firm where a worker had the tops of three fingers sliced off, another received a serious electric shock and employees and contractors were using dangerous walkways 60 feet above the factory floor has been fined £265,000 and ordered to pay £21,653 in costs. Michael Warnes was changing a mould on a packaging machine at the Tulip factory in Thetford in October 2005, when machine parts moved, Norwich Crown Court heard. A Health and Safety Executive (HSE) investigation identified that the machine was not adequately guarded. A month later another worker at the same site, Korim Richardson, suffered a severe electric shock from a light fitting with old defective wiring. Mr Richardson was working on a ladder changing the light fitting. The electrical surge caused him to swing back with the ladder and he cracked bones in his shoulder. The HSE investigation identified a failure to maintain the electrical system at the site. The company had admitted responsibility for both incidents, but had claimed Mr Warnes was partly responsible for losing the tops of his fingers, a claim rejected by the court. In a further breach, the company was served a prohibition notice in February 2006 after allowing employees and contractors from Ecolab to access wooden walkways over a suspended ceiling at the site. The walkway did not have full guardrails at the sides so employees and contractors risked falling some 60ft through the ceiling onto the production floor. HSE inspector Steve Gill said Tulip Ltd had 'exposed their employees to potentially dangerous situations.'
HSE news release. BBC News Online.
Worker dies after being buried in waste
A worker died after being buried in rubbish at a waste dump, a court has heard. White Reclamation Ltd was fined £50,000 last week and ordered to pay costs of £30,000 at Manchester Crown Court, after pleading guilty to workplace safety offences. Employee Richard Buckley died when he was buried in waste while emptying his vehicle at the site in Eccles on 21 July 2003. The court heard that, at the time of the incident, no segregation of pedestrians or vehicles existed and that there was no marshal or traffic management system. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE), who investigated the incident, said basic health and safety precautions and an adequate risk assessment would have made the fatality 'most unlikely.' Speaking after the verdict, Paul Harvey, head of HSE's national group covering waste and recycling, said: 'Waste transfer stations are dangerous places. It is essential that vehicle movements are properly controlled and that shovel operators know where drivers are before approaching loads. Transport incidents account for about two-thirds of all fatalities in an industry that has an unacceptably high incident rate. It is essential to ensure pedestrians are kept out of vehicle operating areas. Action will be taken by HSE if standards are deemed to be poor or inadequate.'
- HSE news release and guide, Safe transport in waste management and recycling facilities [pdf]. HSE waste industry webpages.
Experts slam corporate manslaughter law
Legal experts have warned the new corporate manslaughter law is not tough enough because it fails to hold individual directors accountable for deadly mistakes. Employment law expert Norman Selwyn told Contract Journal the law, which came into effect in April, still meant it was easier to prosecute smaller companies on manslaughter charges than larger ones. 'It is now estimated that there are likely to be about a dozen or so corporate manslaughter prosecutions each year and the clarification of the law will more than likely lead to these being successful,' he said. 'But the Corporate Manslaughter Act is by no means perfect. It is strange that it does not place specific health and safety duties on company directors. It therefore begs the question: 'will it be any good?' Major industrial accidents will only have a realistic chance of greater prevention if boards of directors formally and publicly accept their collective roles on safety.' Crisis management expert Peter Power told the journal that pressure to correct safety failings should be put on corporate directors by staff and stakeholders. 'It is unacceptable that companies and their directors should learn only from their own mistakes as we used to do in the past,' he said. No director or senior manager of a large of medium-sized UK firm has ever been jailed for workplace manslaughter.
International News
Canada: Pro-asbestos lobby gets caught out
Canada's pro-asbestos lobby has faced stern criticism for wrongly implying a long-delayed government commissioned report opposes a ban on asbestos. Critics including the chair of the Health Canada panel of experts that prepared the report (Risks 345) have denounced both the delay and the misrepresentation of their findings. Health Canada hired seven scientific and medical experts from around the world last November to examine the risks of chrysotile, or white asbetsos. Leslie Stayner, head of the School of Public Health at the University of Illinois, as well as UK occupational hygiene expert Trevor Ogden, the chair of the panel of experts, have each written letters to federal health minister Tony Clement decrying the delay in publishing their findings. 'It is simply unacceptable for this report to continue to be withheld from the public, while individuals who have seen the report and our comments make erroneous allegations about what it contains to suit their political objectives,' Stayner wrote in his letter. Last week, Bloc Québécois MP André Bellavance rose in Canada's House of Commons to argue against growing calls to ban chrysotile, implying Health Canada's new study supports his view. 'I want to make the record clear that nothing in the report would argue against the sensibility of an asbestos ban in Canada or for that matter anywhere else in the world,' Stayner told CBC News. In his letter, Stayner said that while the panel was not asked to rule on whether chrysotile asbestos can be used safely, 'from a pragmatic point of view, my answer to this question would be that it [safe use] is simply not possible.' The controversy comes as the executive of CLC, Canada's national union federation, is recommending a policy that will see the gradual closure of the country's asbestos mines, alongside measures to address the impact of the shutdown on the affected miners.
Europe: Campaign challenges corporate abuses
Victims of human rights and environmental abuses by European companies around the world could find justice in European courts under proposals unveiled this week at an international conference at the European Parliament. The European Coalition for Corporate Justice (ECCJ) - a leading network of over 250 civil society organisations around Europe, including unions, charities, academic institutions and campaign groups - revealed policy proposals developed by a team of legal experts which if adopted by the European Union would guarantee the legal responsibility of companies based in Europe, and their directors, for human rights or environmental violations committed by their subsidiaries or subcontractors anywhere in the world. ECCJ said the legal structure of companies and weak accountability mechanisms all too often result in ethical mismanagement by companies, with one example cited the occupational mercury poisoning of workers in South Africa employed by part of a UK multinational. The ECCJ report is calling on the European Union to accept three proposals. ECCJ wants the extension of the direct liability of parent companies of multinational enterprises operating in Europe; a mandatory duty of care for parent companies in Europe to prevent human rights abuses by persons under their economic influence, all the way along the supply chain; and a mandatory system for large companies to report on their social and environmental risks and impacts. 'ECCJ believes that these proposals would lead to a coherent and harmonised approach to business regulation, putting an end to the unfair competition caused by companies who profit from human rights and environmental abuses,' said ECCJ coordinator Ruth Casals. 'These proposals will provide long needed justice for victims of environmental or human rights abuses by companies based in Europe.'
- ECCJ news release, including links to the full report, Fair law: Legal proposals to improve corporate accountability for environmental and human rights abuses, ECCJ report, 29 May 2008, executive summary [pdf]. Smart regulation: Legislative opportunities for the EU to improve corporate accountability, ECCJ conference, 29 May 2008. European Coalition for Corporate Justice.
Iran: Chemical plant fire kills 30
At least 30 people have been killed and 38 injured, many of them suffering severe burns, in a fire in a chemical plant in central Iran on Sunday 25 May, the state news agency IRNA has said. The fire in the cosmetics and detergent-producing plant near the town of Shazand is reported to have been caused by a blast during welding work in a reservoir. The accident happened at 4pm local time in the plant near Shazand in the province of Markazi, about 320 kilometres south of Tehran. 'Witnesses said a 60,000 litre chemical reservoir exploded,' IRNA said, adding that all the equipment in the factory and its adjacent plant caught fire. A local rescuer told IRNA that the injured were rushed to a nearby hospital and that 23 people had suffered 70 to 100 per cent burns. Markazi province is one of Iran's main industrial hubs.
Japan: Toyota acts on deadly overwork
Toyota is taking steps to deal with a corporate culture that been linked to deaths from overwork. From June, the company is to pay workers overtime for attending out-of-hours 'kaizen' or quality control (QC) circle meetings. It previously only allowed workers to claim two hours' overtime a month for such 'voluntary' activities. The company has about 40,000 production workers in 5,000 QC circle groups. Toyota's decision to have more of the kaizen group meetings in paid work time follows a court ruling in November 2007 that a 30-year-old Toyota worker who collapsed at one of its plants had died of overwork (Risks 335). It emerged that the man had worked 106 hours of overtime in his final month, most of it unpaid. Death from overwork, known as 'karoshi' in Japan, has steadily increased since the government first recognised it in 1987. Overwork-related suicide - karojisatsu - is also an officially recognised work-related condition in Japan. In 1993, the widow of a Toyota Motor Corp employee who took his own life as a result of overwork was told by a High Court in Japan she was entitled to compensation. The judge said the 35-year-old's suicide was triggered by excessive hours and workload (Risks 114). Unions in North America particularly have been sharply critical of these Japanese management techniques, which they believe are designed to rack up productivity while eroding the role the unions.
Pursuing the corporate killers
The trades union-backed health and safety magazine Hazards is stepping up the pressure on deadly bosses with the launch of new 'deadly business' web resources. 'Workplace bosses kill and maim on a daily basis and they go unpunished,' explained Hazards magazine's online editor Jawad Qasrawi. 'The Hazards 'Deadly business' online resource provides tools, information and news to help trades unions and campaigners build the pressure on killer bosses. This isn't just about accidents at work it is about the enormous and hidden toll on workers of ill-health caused directly by their everyday work. And it is about making sure employers think twice before putting profits before people.' Hazards is also working in tandem with organisations including trades unions and Families Against Corporate Killers (FACK) to press for explicit health and safety duties on company directors and for jail terms for those whose negligence causes work-related deaths.
New occupational cancer resources
New resources on occupational cancer prevention have been made available online. Papers from the international Occupational and Environmental Cancer Prevention conference, held in April in Stirling, Scotland, can be accessed free on the Stirling University website. They including contributions from top international academic, safety agency, activist and trade union thinkers on the topic, covering issues ranging from the extent of the problem to solutions including toxics use reduction and grassroots campaigns. Also available free online is a course on recognition and prevention of occupational and environmental cancers. The resource, produced by Canadian cancer and workplace health organisations, is designed for primary healthcare providers and anyone with an interest in recognising and preventing occupational and environmental cancer. The promotional blurb says: 'This course is delivered as an on-line e-learning course. All you need is a computer, access to the internet - and you are ready to go! This e-learning course is designed to help you learn at your own pace and in your own environment at your own convenience.' Topics include obtaining and interpreting occupational histories, identifying carcinogens, interpreting evidence of possible cancer clusters and obtaining related resources.
- Stirling work cancer conference papers and CCOHS work cancer recognition and prevention course.
- Global Unions zero occupational cancers campaign.
Events and Courses
TUC courses for safety reps
Useful Links
- Visit the TUC www.tuc.org.uk/h_and_s website pages on health and safety. See what's on offer from TUC Publications and What's On in health and safety.
- Subscribe to Hazards magazine, supported by the TUC as a key source of information for union safety reps.
- What's new in the HSC/E and the European Agency.
Issued: 30 May, 2008


text:
The complex story of Australian prisoners of war
Monday 27 May 2013 by Emma Campbell. 2 comments
The horror of hellships, death marches, and starvation, and the drama of great escapes, has shaped the public perception of Australian prisoners of war. But there is a more complex story, and the thousands held in captivity during the two world wars and the Korean war cannot define their internment only by these experiences.
Leading historians, veterans, and family members will present new research on what it was like to be an Australian prisoner of war at a conference to be held in Canberra next week.
"There are many stereotypes and generalisations made when it comes to describing the experiences of Australian prisoners of war," says Australian War Memorial historian Dr Lachlan Grant, one of the conference conveners. "What we need to remember, however, is that different circumstances, different camps, different camp commanders could all equate to quite different conditions and experiences. We therefore need to consider that every one of the approximately 35,000 Australians who became prisoners of war often has their own unique story, a story that might not fit the stereotype."
During the First World War, just over 4,000 Australians became prisoners of the Germans and Turks. In the Second World War more than 30,000 were taken captive – 22,000 by the Japanese, and 8,500 by the Germans and Italians in Europe. In the Korean war, 30 Australians became prisoners of Communist forces.
As the great majority of Australian prisoners were taken captive by the Japanese in the Second World War, it is their stories that are the most well known. In particular, much has been written about the most brutal and horrific experiences, including beatings, transportation on cramped ships, and long jungle marches by emaciated prisoners. At the conference, titled Prisoners of war: an Australian experience of captivity in the 20th century, historians will address these experiences and offer new interpretations as well as present other lesser-known prisoner of war stories.
"Prisoners of the Japanese have forged a unique place in Australian national history, but as speakers at the conference will demonstrate, prisoners of the Germans, Italians and Turks have much more in common with those who were captives of the Japanese than many people may realise," says Grant.
"What is exciting about this conference is that many of the speakers will be looking again at the actual experience of prisoners of war. Much of the work previously done by historians was based on oral history testimony from ex-prisoners of war. Now historians are examining the largely overlooked, significant collections of empirical evidence that are held within the Australian War Memorial's collection and within the National Archives of Australia. There is also new work being done that highlights the importance of prisoners of war for intelligence-gathering for military operations, which provides a new perspective and raises new questions."
Australian War Memorial historian Aaron Pegram, also a convener, says some people may have a romantic view of captivity based on the stories of escapes made by prisoners from camps in Europe during the Second World War. Pegram will speak at the conference on the experience of Australian prisoners in Germany during the First World War, and the realities of escape.
"Contrary to popular literature and feature films, the men who made successful escapes during the First World War were exceptionally few," he says. "This was an era when there was no official directive on what a man should do if he fell into the hands of the enemy. It was certainly before the creation of intelligence organisations such as Britain's MI9, which expected prisoners to escape. For men who were far from the violence of the front line, in relative comfort due to the efforts of the Red Cross, and who were aware the war was coming to an end, staying put and not escaping made a lot more sense than trying to make a break for freedom."
One Australian who did successfully escape was Private Ronald McKay of the 56th Battalion, who had been captured at Hollebeke near Ypres in November 1917, and spent most of his captivity working on a farm near Oeffingen in Germany.
"In June 1918, McKay hatched a plan to try and cross mountainous terrain and dense forests in bitterly cold weather," says Pegram. "He bartered food with hungry Germans for a compass and map of the area, and travelled by foot 200 kilometres to Switzerland. There were 23 other prisoners working at the same farm, but no one else was keen enough to escape with him."
The two-day conference is jointly hosted by the Australian National University and the Australian War Memorial, and supported by the Department of Veterans' Affairs. The keynote address will be given by Christina Twomey of Monash University, who will speak on "Compensating captivity: POWs of the Japanese in postwar culture". Other speakers include historian Joan Beaumont of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the ANU, broadcaster and author Tim Bowden, and former prisoners of war in Korea, John MacKay and Ron Guthrie.
For more information on the program and speakers, and to register for the conference on 5 and 6 June, visit email@example.com or /conference/2013/pow/.
shirley creazzo
I was so pleased to find this site and see the good work that is being done to preserve the stories of these men who sacrificed so much. I am a native New Yorker who, tho' young then, lived through WW2 and have great admiration for the Australians. Not being very courageous myself I am in awe of these men, most of them quite young who must be thanked for having made sure our democracies were saved. Thank you to them and to who of you who make these important memorials so these men are never forgotten. Appreciatively Shirley Creazzo
Don Page
The conference -- Prisoners of war: an Australian experience of captivity in the 20th century -- seems to have escaped the attention of the mainstream media. If there are any proceedings available, or web-based transcripts, I would be very interested. I am compiling an album of the 1939-45 history of my father-in-law, Pte Jack (John Kavanagh) Leacy, 2/1st Battalion, who was taken prisoner in Crete and spent four years in Hammelburg, Germany, Stalag XIII C. Any assistance with history or photos paralleling his experience would be gratefully received. He served in North Africa with 6 Division, then Greece, Crete, and as a PoW in Germany. The AWM website is a valuable resource. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com