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This one won't generate wide interest but might be interesting to a few old codgers who appreciate obsolete self defense cartridges of bygone times.
We're going to resurrect this thread:http://www.defensivecarry.com/vbulle...cartridge.html in order to provide a followup and give a report on the velocity performance of the good ol' .41 Long Colt.
I had a day out with the .38 Special on Tuesday of last week and shot different loads through revolvers of different barrel lengths.
While out with all the .38 Specials, I thought to take along the Colt New Navy .41 with 4 1/2-inch barrel. It was fired over the chronograph with 10 rounds from each of two boxes of Winchester Western ammunition.
Both boxes were of Winchester Western manufacture. One is the "white box" ammunition from the production run made for L. M. Burney in the mid-1970s (as I understand it to be). The other box is a typical yellow Western box as was commonly sold in the late 50s/early 60s.
Both boxes of ammunition feature the 200 grain copper-plated lead "Lubaloy" round nose bullet. Cases are headstamped: WESTERN .41 LONG COLT. The cartridges look absolutely identical as they come from the boxes.
They didn't share common shooting characteristics except for very similar velocities.
Ten rounds of Winchester Western "white box" ammunition performed as follows:
Muzzle velocity 709 fps
Muzzle Energy 223 ft./lbs.
Extreme Spread 107 fps
Standard Deviation 46 fps
Ten rounds of Western ammunition in the yellow box performed as follows:
Muzzle Velocity: 720 fps
Muzzle Energy: 230 ft./lbs.
Extreme Spread: 16 fps
Standard Deviation: 6 fps
It is curious that the ammunition yielded such different results though it looks exactly the same. The Winchester Western in the white box gave very inconsistent velocities and was all over the place. The yellow box Western ammunition gave outstandingly consistent velocities; even better than a good performance from some factory .38 Special Remington 148 grain hollow based wadcutter target ammunition fired later in the same afternoon.
The revolver has a good bore and was squeaky clean before the test. I didn't fire a series of shots to "foul the cylinder" before beginning the test as I didn't want to waste precious ammunition. Most revolvers don't display much difference in velocities between a fouling shot and subsequent shots. The white box ammunition was fired first. Either the old revolver had to get "leaded up good" before it would shoot with consistent velocities or else the white box Winchester Western was not up to the standards of previous years.
Through the kindness of "muddyboots" from another forum, I took delivery just yesterday of some bright, clean, post World War II Remington .41 Long Colt. This full box of ammo features a 195 grain lead round nose bullet. Velocity and consistency testing will continue on this new ammo acquisition soon in order that we will have more .41 Long Colt data than we thought we ever wanted to know.


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Nora's films embody the ability we possess to maximize our unique potential each day. As Nora expressed, "Above all, be the heroine of your life, not the victim."
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I've been reading Nora Ephron essays long before she was ever a movie director. I appreciated her witty and wry personality, but mostly I saw in her a fellow New Yorker.
Lawrence O'Donnell paid tribute to screenwriter Nora Ephron on his MSNBC show on Tuesday.
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Palos Verdes AYSO
2016 Fall Registration Information
Click here for to download a copy of these instructions for printing or offline vieiwing
Dear Players/Parents,
We are the Palos Verdes region (Region 10) of the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO). We provide year-round recreational and competitive youth soccer programs that are enjoyed by four-year olds (U5 division) all the way up to 19 year olds (U19). We welcome players from the Palos Verdes Peninsula and surrounding communities. We are a 100% volunteer organization.
Can I Still Register For 2016 Palos Verdes AYSO Fall Soccer?
Yes, you can still register. Our early bird registrations have passed, but you can still register online or at our last in person registration on June 22, 2016 from 5:30 pm to 7:00 pm at Hesse Park. As of June 2, all divisions are open. The price is $225 per child for all divisions.
Which Players Are Eligible For Complete Online 2016 Palos Verdes AYSO Fall Registration?
All returning players in divisions U10, U11, U12, U14, U16 and U19 can register their children at www.eayso.org, and pay online by credit card to complete their registration without attending the in person registration on June 22 at Hesse Park. However, if a player is requesting to play up a division, you must let us know by writing it at the top of the player form with the requested division and mailing the form by June 22 to us at: Palos Verdes AYSO, PO Box 2302, PVP, CA 90274.
All returning head coaches in divisions U7 to U19 can register their children at www.eayso.org, and pay online by credit card to complete their registration without attending the in person registration on June 22 at Hesse Park. However, if a player is requesting to play up a division, you must let us know by writing it at the top of the player form with the requested division and mailing the form by June 22 to us at: Palos Verdes AYSO, PO Box 2302, PVP, CA 90274
How Do I Pay Online By Credit Card?
You pay by credit card at www.eayso.org after you complete the registration for your children at www.eayso.org
Which Players/Parents Must Register In Person For 2016 Palos Verdes Fall AYSO?
1) All players in the U5, U6, U7, U8, and U9, divisions must register in person on June 22.
2) All players who have not previously played in PV AYSO must register in person on June 22.
How Do I Register In Person?
All parents/players can register in person by 1) registering their children on www.eayso.org, 2) paying online by credit card, 3) printing a copy of the player registration form and the proof of credit card payment and 4) bringing both these forms to registration on June 22. If you are a U5 player or a new player in our region, you must also bring a copy of your birth certificate.
When and Where Is The Last In Person Registration For 2016 PV AYSO Fall Soccer?
How Much Is Registration?
The price for registration for all players who register online and pay by credit card between June 1, 2016 and June 22, 2016 is $225 per child. There is no sibling discount.
U7 through U19 players registered after June 22 will be placed on a waiting list if all team rosters are full. Regular Registration Fee after June 22 will increase to $225 (no sibling discount).
How Do I Prepare a Player Registration Form?
The eAYSO website provides simplified log in procedures and step-by-step instructions to guide you through the registration process for players and volunteers. If you registered your child last year at www.eayso.org, your family information will already be entered on the player form.
The information you enter at www.eayso.org becomes your child's registration form, which is also his or her medical release. Please make sure you enter accurately/update all contact information for both parents, all emergency contacts, the name of your child's school, and all e-mail addresses.
IMPORTANT!!: The online registration process will lead you through multiple pages. When you reach the page that displays the completed Player Registration Form and has a box at the top that provides instructions on electronic signatures, it s important that you scroll down, check the box marked "I agree to use an electronic signature", type in your name in the signature box, and click "Continue". Then you must click "Submit" on the bottom of the next page to submit the Player Application Form. After you have completed the steps to register all of your children, check the boxes of all of the children you have registered and click on Online Payments to pay the registration fee and complete the registration process.
What Do I Bring to the In Person Registration?
1. One copy of your player registration form for each child printed from www.eayso.org
2. One copy of your proof of credit card payment for all children printed from www.eayso.org
3. For players who have not played in Palos Verdes AYSO, you must bring proof of your child's age to an in person registration by a birth certificate or passport.
What Is Your Refund Policy?
All refunds for fall soccer must be requested by June 15, 2016. There are no refunds after June 15.
What If I Need Help Registering Or If I have Questions?
All players/parents can come to our in person registration on June 22 at Hesse Park for help. We will have computers and printers and volunteers to help you register and answer all your questions.
What Age Group Will My Child Play In?
The following table describes how we'll organize the age divisions for the AYSO Fall 2016 season.
Under 5
8-1-11 thru 9-14-12
Under 6
8-1-10 thru 7-31-11
Under 7
8-1-09 thru 7-31-10
Under 8
8-1-08 thru 7-31-09
Under 9
8-1-07 thru 7-31-08
Under 10
8-1-06 thru 7-31-07
Under 11
8-1-05 thru 7-31-06
Under 12
8-1-04 thru 7-31-05
Under 14
8-1-03 thru 7-31-04
Under 16
8-1-00 thru 7-31-02
Under 19
8-1-97 thru 7-31-00
Can I Play Up Or Down A Division?
Players may play up one division only with the approval of the Regional Commissioner or Asst. Regional Commissioner. You must write this request to play up at the top of the player form with the requested division. No player may play down a division.


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Specially made for wood bat handles, the grip tape is slightly tacky with the comfort you need to keep your hands on the bat but not get blisters. It provides unparalleled grip, improves control, increases bat speed and the tackiness continually restores so it performs game after game. The bat grip tape is available in Dark Green and Red. With so many color choices for your X Bat custom wood bat, you can now add a color coordinating grip to add additional flair to your game while enhancing the performance of the best wood bats.
The great thing about custom wood bats is the ability to choose a bat that fits your age, size, strength and game. Parameters such as knob style, handle thickness, barrel size and balance can all be dialed in to get the most comfortable bat in your hands. When you are comfortable with your equipment, you go to the plate each time with more confidence. Confidence translates to performance. We want you to have the confidence in your equipment to maximize your performance on the field.
Please use our custom bat model recommender below to receive advice on which bat is right for you. You'll be contacted by email within 24-48 hours of submitting your request.


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Apply to wet hair and massage to form a lather. Leave for 1-2 minutes, then rinse thoroughly.
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If ordered before 9pm, delivered by courier next working day. Available on orders placed before 9pm (2pm weekends and Bank Holidays) for delivery next business day.
Applies to most delivery addresses within mainland UK.
Please check the stock availability notice on your item when placing your order. This item is:
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You will receive an email to confirm when your item has been sent.
You can also check the status of your order and individual items by accessing My Account details and following the prompts.
Please allow 10 working days from dispatch of your order before notifying us of any late deliveries.
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Fatigue is a workplace hazard, even though someone's fatigue may be the result of work or out of work factors. As with other workplace hazards, management and individuals need to work together to reduce the risk and impact of fatigue. The only cure for fatigue is sleep, but it's best not to get fatigued in the first place.
What is the impact of fatigue?
Fatigue is a workplace hazard because it affects your ability to think clearly and act appropriately. Fatigued workers are less alert, don't perform well, are less productive and are more likely to have accidents and injuries.
People who are fatigued are not good at recognising their own level of impairment, and can be unaware that they are not functioning at their best. In the worst case scenario they can drop off to sleep in the middle of a task, which can have fatal consequences.
What causes fatigue?
Fatigue is the end result of:
- inadequate sleep for repair and recovery of our body (in each 24-25 hour period)
- working out of sync with your natural body clock (the natural cycle is to work during daylight and sleep when it is dark)
- extreme physical or mental exertion.
However a range of contributing factors can increase the risk of fatigue. Some factors are work based and some personal:
- work scheduling, rostering or timing
- workload being machine paced, complex or monotonous, physically or mentally strenuous (or both)
- work environment, eg heat cold, vibration, noise
- lifestyle, family responsibilities, ill health.
People who do shift work and heavy vehicle drivers are particularly at risk of fatigue because their natural body clock and sleep rhythms are disrupted. For example research shows shift workers are 6 times more likely to be involved in a fatigue-related road crash than any other workers.
What can I do to reduce fatigue?
Tips for employers
Fatigue is a workplace hazard, and it needs to be managed in the same way as other hazards. Employers can:
- manage the workplace environment and practices to minimise the factors that could contribute to fatigue
- make sure employees understand why they need to manage the risk of fatigue and how to minimise their fatigue level
- encourage staff to manage their personal out of work fatigue risk factors.
Tips for employees
Work with your employer to manage fatigue-related risks in the workplace. Some simple things you can do at work are:
- vary work tasks so you stay alert
- take regular breaks
- tell your supervisor or manager if you're feeling fatigued.
Outside of work you can reduce your risk of fatigue by:
- making sleep a priority; avoid cutting back on sleep in order to fit everything else in
- improving the quality and quantity of your sleep; have a regular bed time routine, make sure your bedroom is dark, cool and comfortable; get treatment for sleep disorders
- choose what you eat and drink carefully: eat light nutritious meals (heavy meals make you drowsy); drink plenty of water; minimise your caffeine and alcohol intake
- learn the warning signs of fatigue and to recognise them in yourself, so that you can take a break or have a powernap.
More about sleep
Some of the main causes of inadequate sleep are:
- poor quality sleep, which is caused by interruptions to the sleep cycle, ie waking often
- not enough sleep, which is caused by not getting to sleep, being awake for long periods, sleeping only in 3-4 hour blocks, sleep disorders (especially sleep apnoea), and ageing (older people sleep less)
- not enough time to sleep, which is caused by extended working hours, irregular working hours, having more than one job, family demands or study.
Most adults need 7 to 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep every 24 hours, preferably during the hours of darkness.
Sleep debt builds up when someone regularly has less sleep than they need, and sleep debt leads to fatigue.
Related information
Last updated: 7 July 2014
Last reviewed: 12 June 2014


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Derby Lake home destroyed in fire, cause still unknown
SIDNEY TOWNSHIP — A Derby Lake home was destroyed in a fire early this morning while the owner was about 90 miles away.
Stanton Community Fire Department responded to 704 Sunset Avenue at 5:38 a.m. Friday.
"The fire burned quite a while before we were dispatched," said Assistant Fire Chief Dawayne Peterman. "It's a total loss. It was hard to get to because the floors were gone."
Crystal Township Fire Department, Montcalm Township Fire Department and Sheridan Community Fire Department were called in to assist.
"It was a team effort," said Sheridan firefighter Ed Lingeman of battling the blaze.
Peterman wasn't able to locate homeowner James Holzwart until a few hours after the fire. He said Holzwart was at his other home in Bay City.
The cause of the fire is unknown. The home is insured. An investigation continues.


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Kangana Ranaut gets marriage proposal
"The Italians were very nice. The lighthearted and earnest flirting of young single Italian guys, calling me princess and asking me to marry them…some in French, because they thought I was from France, made me laugh! And I was touched by people"s easy helpfulness - strangers clicked my picture for me or attended to me at hotel receptions or called a cab for me or helped me carry my very heavy suitcases! Strangers were friends and companions and I felt like we connected in a very spiritual way, even though I didn"t know their names. People were so polite and humble, that Italy became the most beautiful thing I have ever experienced," she wrote on her blog.
She fell in with the place itself. "Italy"s a place I"ve always wanted to visit… and I was not disappointed…ancient culture, amazing art, fabulous food, lovely people, and lyrical language…I certainly did fall in love - with the place itself," she said adding "I ate good food, visited beautiful places, fell in love with Michelangelo"s art, made wishes throwing coins in the fountain. I loved the works of Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael, by far my favorites. The 'Last Supper" is such an exquisite piece of art…I could look at it forever."
Besides visiting famous historical places, Kangana went on a shopping spree at Milan. "One of the craziest things I did when I was not wealthy at all, soon after my film GANGSTER, was to buy a dress that I paid so much for that I had no money left at all…not even to put dinner on my table…and I never regretted it! So you can imagine my delight at being in Milan, which really does deserve its title as a fashion capital. I had the most fun shopping in Milan," she wrote.
Now, she has returned home and all set to take on her films. Besides Once Upon A Time in Mumbai, she has films like No Problem, Tanu weds Manu and three other projects in her kitty. She is raring to go!


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Knowing firearms: good…better…best… is a wonderful asset.
For those who do thirty years in the military as I have, knowing firearms is a developed skill…It' one more thing to get you home.
If you're in the market for self protection or for home protection, I would strongly recommend you look into what Bond Arms Inc.
out of Granbury Texas, have for you!
Their firearms are rock-solid, straight-forward, highly crafted, fit to the task of protecting you and yours!
A work of extreme craftsmanship in your hand, flexibility of barrel/caliber choices makes it inexpensive to practice and train on light ammo;
change barrels and load big stuff for protection.
Even if you're not a big firearm fan, THESE firearms make you feel safe and give you a big chunk of confidence to operate them as a bonus!
Yes I own one, and nobody paid me to say anything…
You see something really good, you share that info…


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The Law Centre offers a specialist service in welfare rights.
We can advise and assist you to understand the complex process of claiming benefits.
Where appropriate, we may be able to represent you at the First Tier Tribunal.
We offer initial advice through our telephone advice line and we provide advice about some of the following issues that arise:
- I have received a letter saying my benefit has stopped – what can I do?
- I have been asked to attend a medical by the DWP – what advice can you give?
- I have been told I am fit to work – What can I do?
- I have been told I have been paid too much benefit in the past. Do I have to pay it back?
- My application for Disability Living Allowance has been refused. How can I challenge this?
- My daughter has asthma is there any financial help I can get?
- The bailiffs have wrote to me and said they are coming to remove my household goods – can they do this?
If you think the Law Centre might be able to help you we would ask that you contact our telephone advice line.
*You can also receive help with filling out forms like Employment Support Allowance (ESA) and/or Disability Living Allowance (DLA ) through:
1. HCLC's ESA, DLA or PIP form filling service at Dalston CLR James Library. To access the service, people who live or work in Hackney must call 020 7633 4531 and leave their name and contact telephone number. A law student from BPP will then call back during office hours to gather more detailed information about the query. If suitable, an appointment may be made for the person seeking help. Download a poster with more information about the ESA, DLA and PIP form filling service HERE.
2. You can also visit free form filling sessions at some local Hackney GP surgeries – provided by the Health Information Advice Consortium (HIAC): More information HERE*.


text:
Now cb2.com brings affordable modern to apartment, loft and home...around the world. With our global partner Borderfree, fans of CB2 modern can now experience the same smart furnishings and accessories (at those amazing CB2 prices) that have put us on the U.S. design map. more.
Here's how it works: All product prices are shown in your selected international currency. At Checkout, the order total shown is all-inclusive (that means you won't be charged another dime, peso, or euro) to cover all costs required to deliver your CB2 order—and it?s guaranteed at the exchange rate in effect the moment you complete your order transaction. Live in the U.S. but want to gift someone around the world? Just choose the country your lucky gift recipient lives in, then set your preferred currency to USD. Your order total will be shown in USD at Checkout and is guaranteed to cover all costs.
Note: At this time, our global partner Borderfree cannot ship oversized items including larger furniture to international destinations. If you really have your heart set on that sofa or bed, plan B is to get a CB2 International Quote for shipping. In addition, while we don't currently ship to all countries via our partner Borderfree (we'll be adding more in the future), there's a good chance we can still make your dream items happen for you. Just use our International Quote Form and we'll send you an email quote in U.S. dollars for purchase and delivery of any item in our collection to the rest of the world.


text:
Ramblings 11
This edition of the popular Ramblings collection features delicate white-on-white prints in a wide variety of elaborate and distinctive patterns.
Ship Date: November 2016
NOTE: Fabrics shown in black on white for design clarity and are ONLY AVAILABLE IN WHITE-ON-WHITE. RA11 770, RA11 774, RA11 775, RA11 777, RA11 779, RA11 781 also available in WHITE-ON-ECRU.


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We like vehicles. We like winter sports. We like pictures.
Why not have an ongoing pic thread with with all of them for the season? Post pics of your car, your setup, action shots, your cute lady friend, your kids looking like Maggie Simpson, outdoor shenanigans, or what have you.


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Dec. 22, 2009
By Mark Schmetzer
Chazz Anderson was born with one obstacle to doing his job more effectively over the next week or so.
He's right-handed. Tim Tebow, the University of Florida quarterback Anderson is supposed to mimic as signal-caller of the University of Cincinnati scout team, is left-handed.
"Luckily, I don't have to throw left-handed," Anderson said with a smile Monday night while taking a break from playing games at Dave and Buster's in Sharonville during a university event to celebrate the Bearcats' matchup with the Gators at the Allstate Sugar Bowl in New Orleans on New Year's Day.
UC's second consecutive Big East championship team will meet the Southeastern Conference runner-up and last year's national champion in the Bearcats' first-ever appearance in the Sugar Bowl. The 20-year-old Anderson's job leading up to the game is to give the starting defense an idea of what it will feel like to face Tebow in the Super Dome. The job of impersonating the intense, multi-talented Tebow - who's won one Heisman Trophy and been among the five finalists for two others - might seem overwhelming to many, but Anderson was feeling pretty comfortable.
"There really aren't that many differences in the offenses," said the 6-foot, 209-pound Pickerington, Ohio, native, who is looking forward to his first visit to New Orleans. "They have a few more wrinkles for a running quarterback, but it's not much more work to learn Florida's offense than it was for other teams. It's more the quality of your work than the quantity.
"For me, it's a tremendous honor to be associated with a player like Tebow, who plays the game the way it's supposed to be played - on and off the field."
The third-year sophomore also was hoping that the work he does in the next couple of weeks will impress the new coach Butch Jones and his staff enough to give him a solid shot at regaining the starting job he held midway through the 2008 season.
Anderson became the third quarterback to start for the Bearcats after starter Dustin Grutza and backup Tony Pike both went down with injuries. UC went 2-0 in his two starts. He was 16-of-26 for 158 yards and two touchdowns with one interception and also ran for a touchdown in a win over Marshall. He followed up by going 21-for-29 for 239 yards in a Big East win over Rutgers.
"We're probably the only team in the country who's 6-0 the last two years with backups starting," said Ryan Koslen, UC's associate sports communications director.
Pike's return as the starter and the development of Anderson's classmate, Zach Collaros, into a starting-caliber backup left Anderson relegated to the scout team.
"It's truly humbling, but there's a reason why I'm on the scout team," he said. "I look at this as an opportunity to show what I can do. We all do. I feel like we have an all-star team of scout teams. Guys like me and (redshirt freshman wide receiver) Danny Milligan - we're all hoping to get an opportunity. Meanwhile, we're just trying to have fun."


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Courtenay Zurenko says that shortly after giving birth to her son she developed a rash that was diagnosed as dermatomyositis. The rare auto-immune disease, which affects the skin and muscles, only strikes about 1 in 100,000 people.
She had three grand mal seizures and then was also diagnosed with lesions on the brain, or PRES (Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome). She says Loyola was the right place for her to be.
In Loyola's Acute Rehabilitation Unit, she asked the medical staff to help her get back to the point where she could be a mom. In the beginning, she couldn't swallow, walk or get dressed. But with speech, occupational and physical therapy, she was able to start feeding her baby boy and other things that she had been missing. All the laughing with others on the rehab floor was just as therapeutic as exercise. And when she could swallow, the therapists even brought Courtenay her favorite chocolate cake.
"They really went above and beyond their call of duty," she said.
For more information or to make an appointment, please call 888-LUHS-888 (888-584-7888).


text:
Boxing News
Rosinsky set to take on Pavlik July 7
By Mariano A. Agmi
With his win Thursday night against Aaron Pryor Jr., Will "Power" Rosinsky (16-1, 9 KOs) is prepared to take a huge step up in class, as the 27-year-old is now scheduled to face former world champion Kelly Pavlik on July 7th in an HBO clash at the Home Depot Center in Carson, CA. That bout would replace the cancelled Rios vs. Herrera clash. The contract is not yet signed, but all sides have made verbal agreements.


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Article Preview
Food: Flavor Variations for Potatoes; Delmonico and O'Brien Are Two Ways to Add Interest
By JUNE OWEN ();
October 09, 1962,
, Section Family/Style, Page 36, Column , words
SOME of the most popular ways to prepare potatoes, judging by the number of times they appear on restaurant menus, have a special appeal for home cooks. Delmonico, Lyonnaise and O'Brien potatoes all can be delicious when leftovers are used as their base.
October 09, 1962
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Hurricanes coach Mark Hammett says being in charge of his young tyros is like riding a roller coaster but they conjured up their fair share of thrills as they beat the Sharks 42-18 in New Plymouth tonight.
The Hurricanes, who improved to four wins and three losses for the season as they head in to their first bye next week, laid on six tries in front of 10,422 people at Yarrow Stadium.
More importantly for Hammett, it was a marked improvement on last week's 47-38 loss to the Cheetahs where the Hurricanes fell off more tackles than you would care to remember as they coughed up a 21-point lead.
"I don't like to use it as an excuse but we are a young group,'' the second-year head coach said.
"We are going to go through stages of a game as a group where we will go through roller coasters during a game. But if we can flatten those roller coasters out then we won't put ourselves under so much pressure.
"We came off a performance we weren't proud of to a performance we can be proud of. I thought we put some really good structure together and scored some good tries because of it.''
Andre Taylor, Jack Lam, Julian Savea, Conrad Smith, Tim Bateman and Jeremy Thrush all crossed for five-pointers for the Hurricanes who never looked like losing against a Sharks outfit that beat the Brumbies 29-26 in Canberra last week.
The Hurricanes were up 25-3 at the break and although the Sharks scored first in the second stanza, Bateman's individual effort with about 20 minutes to play locked up the points for the team in yellow.
Taranaki's Beauden Barrett, who played his first Super Rugby game on his home ground, was strong in general play but the No 10 had an off night with his goal-kicking as he only drilled five goals from 10 attempts.
The game was marred slightly by a wild all-in brawl after 31 minutes where nearly ever player on the paddock was involved.
Hurricanes flanker Karl Lowe and Sharks hooker Craig Burden were eventually shown white cards after the dust-up, which was well handled by referee Glen Jackson.
Sharks coach John Plumtree, who formerly coached Wellington in New Zealand's National Provincial Championship, said his side just missed the boat tonight.
"I think we just couldn't finish off those opportunities. We dominated territory and possession but I think four times in the first half we got in their 22 but we didn't score and then they had possession twice in the first 15 minutes and scored two tries. So it was a bit frustrating for us, really,'' he said.
"I've got to hand it to the Hurricanes. I mean they defended beautifully tonight. It was certainly a step up from what we saw last week.''
The Hurricanes' loose forward trio of Lam, man-of-the-match Lowe and Faifili Levave won plenty of ball for the home side at the breakdown and hammered the Sharks on the ground.
"They hurt us a little bit in that area. Nine turnovers from the breakdown in the first half and that grew in the second,'' Plumtree lamented.
The Sharks now travel to Auckland to meet the one-win five-loss Blues at Eden Park next Friday night, while the Hurricanes can make the most of a well-earned week off.
Hurricanes 42 (Andre Taylor, Jack Lam, Julian Savea, Conrad Smith, Tim Bateman, Jeremy Thrush tries; Beauden Barrett 3 cons, 2 pens) Sharks 18 (JP Pietersen, Craig Burden tries; Frederic Michalak 2 pens, con) HT: 25-3


text:
I disagree with the judges' markings for the Pairs Short Program.
Judge's Rankings after the Short Program:
1. Totmianina & Marinin completed all the elements flawlessly but they skated like robots and showed absolutely no emotion. I know that emotion is not scored but it should reflect in the interpretation marks and these two do not "skate as one" but rather as two singles skaters skating on the same ice.
2. Zhang & Zhang made so many mistakes (bad unison in all their spins, no sit positions in the "sit" spins, lots of timing issues and lack of unison, poor positions in the the death spiral, poor posture period) that I simply cannot for the life of me understand how the judges could have put them in second place.
3. Petrova & Tikhonov have greatly improved their musicality and interpretation but he did badly under-rotate his 3-toe in the side by side 3-toes. The caller should have called it a double and the team should have only gotten credit for completing side-by-side 2-toes. If it were an American team, the caller would not have missed the under-rotated 3-toe. Bad judging. Petrova & Tikhonov do not deserve to be in 3rd place.
4. Pang & Tong have also greatly improved their musicality and interpretation. Their throw jump was high and spectacular but their side by side jumps were not in sync and their side by side spins were totally out of unison. So, how do the judges have them so high in the standings?
5. Shen & Zhao had far more passion and emotion than the android-like Russians Totmianina & Marinin. Shen & Zhao had wonderful musical interpretation too but they did make some glaring errors including the hand down on her 3-toe, the lack of unison in their side by side spins (a problem for all the Chinese teams) and the problems he had in the death spiral.
6. Inoue & Baldwin were simply perfect. Here we go again (think back to Sale & Pelletier). An absolutely perfect, history making performance with passion, speed and wonderful musical interpretation is judged only sixth by the judges??????? What were they looking at?????????? Inoue and Baldwin were flawless in every element, their unison and musical interpretation were the best of any team, they had more difficulty than any other team (which was reflected in the technical score) and they should now be sitting in first place. THEY WERE ROBBED BY THE JUDGES!! Evidently (and as usual) the judges had already decided how they were going to rank these teams no matter what happened on the ice because they evidently did not see or just completely ignored the perfection of Inoue & Baldwin. The judges are manipulating the PCS scores to prop up poor performances and punish skaters that they don't like. The USFSA should file a formal protest.
7. Savchenko & Zolkowy of Germany made one mistake but everything else they did was of the highest quality and the highest difficulty level. Their side by side 3-toes were simply awesome and they had transitions and connecting steps that many of the higher placed teams did not have. Wasn't CoP supposed to reward transitions and connecting steps????? If so, what gives????? The Germans also had the greatest musical interpretation and sense of connection one with the other of any team. They moved me almost to tears with the powerful and mesmerizing romance that they create with each other. Two shall skate as one. That's what Sale & Pelletier did in Salt Lake. That's what Savchenko & Zolkowy did in the Short Program in Torino.
The judging has been a sham so far.
Here is how I would have scored/ranked the teams in the Short Program:
1. Inoue & Baldwin
2. Totmianina & Marinin
3. Savchenko & Zolkowy
4. Pang & Tong
5. Shen & Zhao
6. Petrova & Tikhonov
7. Zhang & Zhang


text:
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text:
There's a new cafe in downtown Ann Arbor - Primo Coffee at the corner of Fifth and Liberty kitty corner from the Post Office.
UPDATE: in Unicode, that would be ①♨.
They serve Zingerman's baked goods and the usual set of coffee drinks. The view is pretty good, and at least when I went there it wasn't that busy.
I picked up a good Wireless Washtenaw signal from there, and they have signs up saying that they have their own wifi, though I couldn't tell which of the many signals was supposed to be theirs. There's also a sign up promising a private conference room seating 12 for rent, but that wasn't ready yet.
They have another location in Ypsilanti on Whittaker Road, and indeed their web site only refers to that location.
Spencer Thomas took a photo of the place just before it opened - and I met him there the first day I happened into the place.


text:
- Home
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Currently viewing the category: "Amateur Research"
The Astrobiology Research Center at Penn State is currently developing a pilot citizen science program to study the diversity of microbes that live in your home hot water heater. The goal of this initial project is to test their approach for bridging citizen scientists volunteers with […]
The Astrobiology Research Center at Penn State is currently developing a pilot citizen science program to study the diversity of microbes that live in your home hot water heater. The goal of this initial project is to test their approach for bridging citizen scientists volunteers with microbiology, as well as to create an initial "map" of the diversity of microorganisms across the United States.
The research group is looking for only two volunteers from each state at this time. If you would like to participate, simply register online.
View the Project Flyer (pdf)
New Crowd Sourcing App for Backyard Biodiversity Research
By Matthew T. Dearing On April 17, 2011 · Leave a Comment · In Science at Home
Discovery Communications' Science Channel recently launched a new iPhone application to engage citizen scientists as mobile field observers right from their own back yard.
With the "sci.spy" app, users can venture into their little domain of the world, and take images of all of the biodiversity that […]
Discovery Communications' Science Channel recently launched a new iPhone application to engage citizen scientists as mobile field observers right from their own back yard.
With the "sci.spy" app, users can venture into their little domain of the world, and take images of all of the biodiversity that can be find. By selecting a "mission" to categorize the pictures, from general wildlife and bugs in your backyard to natural invasions and pets, anyone can contribute detailed information about their native biological environment from where ever they live.
This sort of broad repository of location-specific identifications could become a very critical tool for professional scientists studying the evolution of ecosystems in which civilized humans thrive, and for those who monitor the ongoing health of our environments. If sci.spy, or other similar databases created by crowd sourced data, continue to develop into massively-utilized tools by both a large user base and with a high frequency of updates, then the power of this resource could be realized soon.
Although the participatory program is entirely free, it does throw in some little banner advertising for upcoming shows on the Science Channel's family of outlets. For some recent "best of the bugs" images contributed from the early adopting users, check out the "Gorgeous And Creepy" photo gallery.
Protecting the Planet Requires Heroes, Money, and Citizen Scientists
By Matthew T. Dearing On April 12, 2011 · Leave a Comment · In Science at Home
Many of us while growing up and listening to our bedtime stories learned to not freak out and run screaming through the streets if we thought that the "sky is falling." As little chickens, we were taught at an early age that it was best to be brave, calm, and rational, […]
Many of us while growing up and listening to our bedtime stories learned to not freak out and run screaming through the streets if we thought that the "sky is falling." As little chickens, we were taught at an early age that it was best to be brave, calm, and rational, else be considered a crazed lunatic.
This childhood behavioral bias infiltrated adulthood in the relationship between professional astronomers, policy-makers and national budget-number crunchers. When a scientist expresses probabilistic concerns about the impending doom of our planet from a cataclysmic change of a major impact event, say, in the next 100, 1,000, or 10,000 years, it requires just too much risk of political capital and tax-payer dollars to divert significant budget resources to something that might only be a concern for our uber-great grandchildren.
"Earth Impact Effects Program: A Web-based computer program for calculating the regional environmental consequences of a meteoroid impact on Earth" [PDF]
Gareth S. Collins, et al. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 40, Nr 6, 817–840 (2005)
The simultaneous efforts of two Hollywood studios in the late nineties of the last century tried to get something stirring in our cultural awareness with their mega-disaster flicks, Armageddon and Deep Impact. These features did bring us through the box office (which was certainly their primary goal!), but they did not push us en masse to the round table to prepare for the ultimate defensive plan for our planet.
Combating Earth-bound asteroids, or "near-earth objects" (NEOs), is an unsolved problem, and one that citizen scientists largely ignore because it's assumed that this issue must be only approached via the domain that has access to the massive amounts of taxpayer dollars and the international collaborations between those nations who can liberally spend all of that money. It's this requirement of essentially unlimited funds that is the sticking point to making serious progress on defending against an event that may, or may not, happen in the upcoming budget cycle.
The method of defense presented in Armageddon is physically bogus, and reportedly is used as a game for managers-in-training at NASA to test how many impossible things can be identified in the film. Burley, blue-collar heroes racing a doomsday clock and risking their lives on a speeding asteroid to implant nuclear weapons deep inside an iron core, all the while engaging in a romance with Liv Tyler, certainly makes for exciting film. But, if this scenario was ever pending in reality, this method just can't get the job done.
Bruce Willis is required to destroy an asteroid the size of Texas, which is an extreme and unlikely case as far as NEOs go these days. If we do a little simplification (as any good physics estimation will do), Texas has a land area of 678,051 square kilometers (or, about 262,000 square miles), and assuming this area forms a neat square it would have a length of about 823 kilometers (or, 512 miles, which is a fine approximation even though Texas' widest part is a bit over 700 miles). We might also say that Mr. Willis's asteroid is a nice sphere with this same diameter, so its radius would be one-half this distance, or about 412 kilometers.
Now, to blow this very large chunk of rock to smithereens one might expect it would take quite a punch. It would also be important to make sure that not only is enough energy released so that the rock brakes apart, but that it is destroyed to such an extent that smaller fragments aren't left around that might still be a threat to Earth.
To guarantee this total annihilation scenario, we can calculate the "gravitational binding energy" of the asteroid, which is the amount of energy needed to pull apart all its gravitationally-bound bits out to infinity (or, very, very far away from Earth). For our approximated nicely smooth and solid sphere, we can calculate a back-of-the-envelope estimate from
U = 3 G M2 / 5 r,
where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the object, and r is the radius of the sphere. (We'll spare the derivation here, but if you are interested you can work through it on your own.)
The value for the mass requires another gross estimation and simplification, even though this value will have a significant influence on the energy required to blow up the asteroid (the energy increases with the square of the mass in the formular above, which can get pretty big pretty fast). Directly verifying composition, density, and actual volumes of asteroids is a critical issue, and is currently a focus of NASA research. In particular, later this year the very large asteroid, or protoplanet, 4 Vesta will be visited by the Dawn mission in July 2011, during which time observations will be taken to learn more about what makes up these tiny almost-planets.
For comparison, 4 Vesta is the largest asteroid body known, right after the much larger protoplanet Ceres, which will also be visited by Dawn in 2015. Coming in at an average diameter of 530 km, 4 Vesta is a pebble in the sky similar to what Mr. Willis is up against. So, for our composition estimation, we'll use what we already know about 4 Vesta as a reasonable basis for our Armageddon killer.
Again, we'll approximate that 4 Vesta is also a sphere, so it would have a volume of
V = 4/3 π r3 = 7.8 x 107 km3,
and with its apparent mass of 2.67 x 1020 kg, we have an average density of
Density = Mass / Volume = 3.4 × 1012 kg/km3,
which, after some unit conversions, quite nicely agrees with the published value of bulk density for 4 Vesta of 3.4 g/cm3.
All of this figuring allows us to have a reasonable guess as to the actual mass of the fictional asteroid from Hollywood, which we can head back to the density formula to calculate,
Mass = Volume × Density,
or, 4/3 π (412 km)3 × (3.4 × 1012 kg/km3) = 9.9 × 1020 kg.
And, finally, the fun part where we plug all of this into our gravitational binding energy formula, being careful to watch the units,
U = 3 (6.67 × 10-11) (9.9 × 1020 kg )2 / 5 (412 × 103 m) = 9.6 × 1025 N m (or Joules).
This seems like a whole lot of Joules (energy), but what is it in comparison to what the human civilization has produced to date? By definition, 1 ton of TNT releases 4.184 giga Joules (109 Joules) of energy, so to reach the gravitational binding energy of Armageddon, we would need to plant a bomb with the power of 2.3 × 1016 tons of TNT. Compare this to the devastating "Little Boy" dropped onto Hiroshima in 1945, which released 15 × 103 tons (kilotons) of TNT, and the largest ever tested nuclear weapon of 57 × 106 tons (megatons) of TNT by the USSR in 1961.
So, a 10-fold order of magnitude increase in energy would be required to save the planet from Armageddon. That's taking our most extreme explosive technology from megatons to petatons of TNT. This being the case, we might then consider that in the event of a Texas-sized asteroid on a collision course with Earth, we should just hop on the fastest spaceship to Mars and take our chances on the Red Planet.
To be sure, though, asteroids this large just aren't out there anymore, other than 4 Vesta, which is happily orbiting about the Sun without any intersections with Earth–ever.
You can have some more fun with trying to destroy asteroids–without all of the calculations above–by trying out the tool developed by Michael Wong called the Asteroid Destruction Calculator. Here, the gravitational binding energy is generated, using reasonable assumptions of possible composition, but it also estimates more reasonable energy requirements that would break up an asteroid not to the ultimate safety of infinitely away from Earth, but into small enough particles that would just as safely burn up in our atmosphere upon entry. This "vaporization energy" is determined only as an estimation by extension of actual experiments on Earth of blowing up smaller rocks that might behave similarly to asteroids.
The feature film Deep Impact seemed to be a little more accurate in its scientific basis, but this might largely be due to the fact that the deflection methods didn't work, and a chunk slams into the Atlantic Ocean killing millions in the ensuing megatsunami.
Of course, movie theatrics aside, the humanity-depleting effects of mega-rocks slamming into the planet cannot be denied. Objects are constantly being sucked into Earth's gravitational pull everyday, and thanks to our atmosphere and–friction–nearly everything gets so hot that it burns into oblivion long before any living creature can take notice.
Although the movies might make planetary defense seem unreasonable, we must make very clear again that that NEOs the size of Texas on a collision course for Earth are just not present in our Solar System anymore. In the billions of years of our planetary existence, these relics have been devoured by the planets, in particular Jupiter, and their immediate individual impact effects on their collision buddies have settled long ago. In addition, these sorts of enormous objects 1/10 the size of the Moon, if they did exist, would appear rather bright in the night sky, even when still at a safe distance. So, a focused amateur astronomer or one of the several NEO scanning programs in operation today would presumably detect it before it was way too late.
That said, we'll let out some more good news now: for the majority of asteroids and comets zipping around our solar system today, deflection is theoretically and technically possible. The problem is that implementation isn't free. and it sure would be nice to do a test run or two before being called in for real action. And, tests aren't free, either.
Recently, the New Yorker published a narrative about the current struggles NASA is experiencing with fulfilling this civilization-saving task. It features the plight of an astronaut-turned-NEO evangelizer, Russell Schweickart, who now heads the B612 Foundation, which is driven by the goal to "significantly alter the orbit of an asteroid in a controlled manner by 2015." NASA has money to search-and-destroy NEOs, but the alloted budget just might cover snacks and bagels pre-purchased at the grocery store for departmental meetings. So, the NEO program at NASA certainly could use some loud support.
The article overviews one of these meetings held in 2010 to develop a direction for moving NASA forward in the crapshoot that was once only considered to be a popular Atari game (play now! Can you now calculate the energy from each laser shot?). This meeting, called the The NASA Advisory Council Ad-Hoc Task Force on Planetary Defense, was held in two sessions during 2010, and was co-chaired by Mr. Schweickart. The council's purpose was to review NASA's current and future role in the issue of near-earth asteroids, and to create a formal recommendation on what NASA should and should not continue to be doing.
The interesting notes from the first of the two sessions are available online:
April 15-16, 2010 Minutes [PDF]
There are many issues that NASA must juggle with here, including political, financial, and scientific. Who is willing to risk one's political capital to champion the destruction of once-in-an-epoch giant fireballs in the sky, albeit one that can destroy our civilization as we know it? How much of taxpayer dollars can be appropriated to a once-in-an-epoch event, albeit one that can destroy our civilization as we know it? And, with deflection technology really already at hand, how professionally interesting is it to track and monitor orbiting rocks, since a Nobel Prize doesn't target too many rocks these days?
The bottom line is that the political will and the money are not available from the United States federal government, so the financing of advancing technology–well in advance of pending doom–is not really an option right now, and will likely continue to not be an option for some time. Methods of averting potentially impacting objects have already been proposed, and should be reasonable to implement without too much of a technological leap, if any, although the funding factor will always be an application killer. In fact, according the the task force's minutes, NASA should stay out of the direct defensive activities, and leave that to those who know how to defend, like the Air Force. Of course, the United States is already over-criticized for being the police force of the world, so why should it now have to be the defender of the planet and of all civilization?
Research on methods of saving Planet Earth from an asteroid on a collision course has been in consideration for quite some time. It seems, however, that only within the past decade have more serious efforts toward planning for a global response been accomplished. Assuming we would have enough warning of a future collision generated from extensive tracking and precise, long-term orbit predictions, the focus has been on deflection of asteroids as opposed to all-out destruction. (As suggested above, even if you could blow up an asteroid to some extent, you will likely only fragment it into an unlimited number of additional asteroids, all still right on target.) By 2004, it seemed that a surge of recommendations and proposals came out of the woodwork, probably due in large part to the invigorated efforts of Mr. Schweickart. The threat is certainly real, but the realities of actually doing anything about it might be even more insurmountable.
The Real Deflection Dilemma by Russell Schweickart [PDF]
2004 Planetary Defense Conference: Protecting Earth from Asteroids
Basically, deflection can be accomplished by either exploding a bomb near an asteroid and using the radiating energy to nudge its trajectory, or by landing a propulsion system onto the surface of the speeding rock and directly steer it out of the collision path.
Of primary concern with the former method is the significant unknown of how a particular asteroid will absorb the energy from a nearby explosion. Many asteroids are considered to be porous, or can be composed of water-ice, or metals, or other minerals. Creating a predictable and controlled course correction from a precisely positioned detonation could be quickly rendered useless if the composition of the killer rock was incorrectly assumed. For a discussion on this approach, including detailed calculations and a prediction of what sort of asteroids would be favorable candidates for standoff explosions, read Donald B. Gennery's Deflecting Asteroids by Means of Standoff Nuclear Explosions [PDF] presented at the 2004 Planetary Defense Conference.
Deflection by direct contact might seem a more controllable approach, and we are already developing the skills required to make such a trip to a potentially colliding asteroid or comet through recent NASA missions (in particular, Deep Impact–not the movie) and others, as well as future NASA projects in progress. This general method as a solution is supported by Mr. Schweickart and the B612 Foundation, and a detailed review was published in 2006 by Izzo, et al. in Acta Astronautica from the International Academy of Astronautics.
Optimal trajectories for the impulsive deflection of near earth objects [PDF]
Izzo, D., Bourdouxa, A., Walker, R., and Ongarob, F., Acta Astronautica 59 (2006) 294 – 300.
Their calculations are applied to the asteroid "99942 Apophis," which was discovered late in 2004 with initial trajectory measurements predicting a small chance of impact in 2029. Although the impact probabilities have since been reduced, there is still the possibility of Earth's gravitational pull nudging Apophis's orbit just right (called a gravitational keyhole) to move it into a future collision trajectory for 2036. In 2013, Apophis will visit near Earth again, and will provide the next opportunity to more accurately calculate its orbit out to 2070 as well as its physical properties. Apophis's future trajectories and orbit diagram may be interactively explored at JPL's Small-Body Database.
Apophis was the focus of another detailed study on potential deflection techniques at the 1st IAA Planetary Defense Conference in 2009 (one of the sequels to the 2004 conference):
Deflecting a Hazardous Near-Earth Object [PDF]
D.K. Yeomans, D.K., et al. 27-30 April 2009
This paper outlines very specific simulated scenarios on dealing with Apophis and what sort of issues must be considered for tracking, predicting orbits, and deflecting such an object. Of course, although all of this technological study of deflection is quite critical for the long-term survival of our civilization, it just might be out of the realm of the citizen scientist. But, if one is still interested in learning more about the current state of asteroid deflection techniques, the above referenced articles are must-reads to get started.
On the other hand, since there may be no nobler a cause than saving civilization, it would be grand if the citizen scientist could actually play a crucial role. Since one might not be able to be involved in the actual direct deflection of an asteroid (I haven't yet met a citizen scientists who is ready to land on an asteroid and plant a nuclear device or two, or a billion), but in a more practical effort through backyard observations.
The discovery of new near-earth objects is obviously important since we have not yet found any guaranteed direct-hitting NEO. But, if it is out there, then it certainly needs to be found much sooner than latter. In addition, the continued monitoring of known objects is equally vital, if not more so, because not only can NEO trajectories change as they interact with the gravitational fields of other bodies, but many known objects are calculated with limited data, which increases the error in future predictions of possible close encounters. Additional observations and measurements need to be compiled each time a particular NEO passes close to Earth so that its current orbit may be more precisely determined thereby providing a more accurate prediction of future orbit trajectories.
From a large-scale national budgetary perspective, a higher resolution in NEO orbit calculations is critical for NASA and other world-wide governmental bodies who are willing to participate in protecting the planet. If actual planet-defending programs are launched, it would be rather expensive if we move forward with low-confidence NEO orbit predictions such that we feel the need to blow up every NEO in the neighborhood. By providing as much observational data as possible, orbit predictions can become quite thorough, and governments–and their populations–will have the confidence to take action only on the very rare NEO of a significant size that is almost certainly inching its way toward Earth's mesosphere.
The hunting and tracking of NEOs are certainly already in progress by NASA. Their mandated goal is to identify 90% of all NEOs with diameters larger than 1 km by 2020. Of course, it's difficult to accurately determine what number to take 90% of to know if the goal has ever been reached. But, the current statistics on known NEOs is updated by NASA on their Discovery Statistics page. As of April 11, 2011, the total count of all near-earth objects of all sizes has reached 7,890 and kilometer-sized "large" NEOs at 824.
Major observatories from around the world are participating in the ongoing hunt for NEOs and partner with NASA on their observations. One of the early programs was developed at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory called The Spacewatch Project. Just over twenty years ago they discovered the first NEO with automated observing technology, and they have booked many other important "firsts" in this growing field. Several years ago, but now closed to the public since 2006, Spacewatch hosted a citizen science program where registered volunteers could visually review digital images of the night sky to try to identify fast moving objects appearing in consecutive CCD views. With 43 discoveries of new objects in two years from 52 volunteer reviewers, this program was a great example of connecting scientists with interested participates to collaboratively accomplish something very important to the rest of humanity.
Much of the searching and monitoring is now largely automated. In a very recent example of new, automatic detection, NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office established a set of fish-eye-style all-sky cameras that record anything that blazes through our night sky. Software then inputs the images, triangulates the object's trajectory and calculates its previous orbit. (Check out a live view from the cameras.)
However, all of these efforts still need to expand. NASA is effectively using breadcrumbs to fund the programs, and although they are partnering with willing observatories, the massive amount of observational time required to guarantee we will catch Earth-bound objects well in advance is enormous.
The biggest hurdle that we face is actually unsurmountable without the help of a network of space-based telescopes existing in their own heliocentric orbits: Observers from the Earth looking into our night sky can only see so much of the Universe. There is a limited swath of space that can be observed at any one time, and NEOs that happen to be passing through that swath at that moment can be observed and analyzed. The majority of objects zipping through our solar system, however, are effectively invisible to us at any one moment, and any NEOs trailing the Earth's orbit can't be seen by us until they happen to zip into our field of view; and this could presumably take decades. And when it does happen, it might be too late.
There are proposals to launch satellites that will trail the Earth's orbit and be able to pick out a wider observational window to find and track potential NEOs. Until this proposal actually gets off the ground–literally–more is needed to continuously observe the entire field of view that we do have to maximize the surveying efforts that is possible now.
The typical citizen scientist wanting to add celestial viewing to their science experience shouldn't be expected to develop a multi-million dollar deep-space observatory in their own backyard. The real issue, however, is that major observatories are overbooked and highly in demand, so professionals are not always offered the luxury of scanning the skies for transient objects. The amateur, on the other hand, is at his or her own command and may leisurely watch the heavens. The important disadvantage for the amateur and their comparatively low-powered instrumentation is that any observed object of significant size should have already been picked up by an existing automated system. In addition, any NEO that is discovered by a backyard amateur that has never been cataloged before might not provide an early enough detection time-frame for deflection if it actually is on an immediate Earth-crossing path.
However, there is so much out there–or, at least potentially out there–that there can never be too much time devoted to detection and monitoring of NEOs. And, what is better than volunteer efforts from citizen scientists around the world that generates data at no additional cost to NASA?
So, with this in mind, citizen scientists can consider contributing their backyard observing time to the important effort of scanning for NEOs. It should not be considered a low-threshold, entry-level project since a minimum level of equipment, skill, and dedicated time will be required. The IAU Minor Planet Center (MPC), operating out of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory at Harvard, is supported by NASA and carries the responsibly of maintaining a database of confirmed minor planets, comets, and near-earth objects. They have an extensive NEO division, which includes the latest updates of NEO observations, requested confirmations, and many online tools to support the surveying of NEOs.
In particular, the MPC has developed a detailed guide on setting up your own observation system for minor bodies and potential NEOs. Following this guide, Dynamic Patterns Research is currently considering how to design and build a low-cost NEO backyard observatory for citizen scientists who are interested in participating in NEO hunting. One requirement for those interested in participating is the official establishment of your viewing position as a registered observatory. This can be completed by anyone, but a "permanent" site is needed; in other words, your personal authorized observatory shouldn't move around with your portable telescope, since reported observations will be more valuable for MPC if they originate from the same viewing coordinates. Also, several observing tests are required to be submitted and approved before being registered as an observatory.
Guide to Minor Body Astrometry
If you are interested in beginning your own backyard astrometry program now, then begin by reviewing the extensive guide from MPC. Then, contact us at Dynamic Patterns Research so that we may collaborate with you in our development efforts for designing a system geared just for citizen scientists.
As an exciting goal for setting up your own NEO observatory, later this year on November 8-9, we will be able to experience a very close approach of a rather large asteroid, 2005 YU55. About 1,300 feet in diameter, it will pass within 0.85 lunar distances (just a bit inside the orbit of the Moon). Although 2005 YU55 is predicted to not have any significant threat of hitting Earth within the next 100 years, this year's flyby will be its closest approach until 2028, when it will pass by nearly half-way to the Moon.
"Huge Asteroid to Pass Near Earth in November"
Space.com, April 7, 2011
The advantage of additional observations during these close encounters, as suggested above, is that more accurate orbit calculations may be determined from measuring its updated trajectory, which can always be influenced by gravitational interactions during close encounters with any other massive body in the Solar System. And, this is where the NEO-tracking citizen science can collaborate by submitting additional data that NASA can't get enough of to be ever more precise in their predictions of future NEO orbits.
So, come early November 2011, citizen scientists with their newly-established, personal NEO backyard observatory will be ready to experience the most exciting beta-testing event of a lifetime.
… …
Download the free PDF report from National Academy of Sciences on their 2009 report on the state of the United States efforts in NEO: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies: Interim Report
How Citizen Science Might Flourish in Virtual Worlds
By Matthew T. Dearing On April 5, 2011 · Leave a Comment · In Science at Home
Last weekend, Dynamic Patterns Research attended a virtual presentation in Second Life. It wasn't an imaginary talk, but actually a very real discussion that included George Djorgovski, a top astrophysics from Caltech and the popular science writer from MSNBC, Alan Boyle. It was virtual in the sense that all attendees only had […]
Last weekend, Dynamic Patterns Research attended a virtual presentation in Second Life. It wasn't an imaginary talk, but actually a very real discussion that included George Djorgovski, a top astrophysics from Caltech and the popular science writer from MSNBC, Alan Boyle. It was virtual in the sense that all attendees only had to travel to the closest computer connected to the Internet, log on to their Second Life account, virtually sit in the user-generated, 3D world, and listen and ask questions just as one might do when attending an "old-school" open lecture at a local university.
The presentation was about how science research and communication is finding its way into virtual interfaces, such as Second Life. They discussed how this approach is beginning to facilitate a new way for professional scientists to conduct their work. In many respects, scientific collaboration is already conducted virtually, as is a large percentage of all interpersonal communication these days through email and online collaboration and social tools. Any interaction not involving the direct, analog, face-to-face dialog could be considered "virtual." But, an interface like Second Life intends to be different and could be the next era of virtual interaction.
Education experiences from institutions of higher learning and life-long, informal learning centers, such as museum, are already underway in Second Life. For an extensive overview of hundreds of programs interacting now, the SimTech Second Life Education Wiki is a great starting point. In particular, the Exploratorium in San Francisco hosts a Second Life presence, and they recently held an in-world dance party for the Lunar Eclipse event on December 10, 2010. (So, it might not be clear that a dance party is wholly educational, but will assume it was used as a popular traffic generator to introduce users to the many impressive interactive exhibits that have been developed inside Second Life.)
The interface of Second Life is still limited, however, but the potential is certainly obvious. The graphical processing requirements are high, so my bearable laptop with Celeron 2.0 GHz, 2 GB RAM certainly chunked right along in SL, which did not offer a smooth, fluid virtual reality. There is audio capability within SL, but for some reason this particular virtual meeting required listing to the audio over a separate Internet radio-streaming system, through an alternate website. So, in this case, the Second Life interface really wasn't required at all to complete the virtual interaction of the presentation: we just needed to click in to the audio stream and interact via live online chat.. The visuals in SL were just clunky icing on the cake. But, again, the point here, is to present the possibility of where this sort of progress into virtual worlds that are readily accessible from home can go.
For citizen scientists, the Second Life interface can be an interesting advantage for future interaction. Groups of people can congregate in a designated Second Life space and discuss projects (as they could just do via email, any online chat system, discussion group platform, or social media interface). More significantly, however, citizen science groups can take advantage of SL by graphically presenting virtual reconstructions of projects, equipment, data analysis, photographs, graphical how-to instructions, and any other reporting of personal work done at home.
In particular, the power of virtually reconstructing real world projects, devices, tools, and even data allows other users in Second Life to directly (er, virtually) interact with and manipulate these objects. For example, a citizen scientists might be building a piece of equipment in her garage and is having some difficulty with a certain design issue. She can construct the progress in Second Life and have others join in and virtually work with the device, collaborate, brainstorm, and innovate together to move the project forward.
And, this is just a straightforward example of the possibilities, which are limited only by the imagination, creativity and excitement of sharing and collaborating with others from around the world. If you are interested in trying out Second Life as a citizen scientist, or have your own ideas about how collaborating in virtual worlds can be productive for citizen science efforts, please contact us at Dynamic Patterns Research to find out what we can make happen together.
Dynamic Patterns Research Identifies Candidate Exoplanet
By Matthew T. Dearing On January 31, 2011 · Leave a Comment · In Science at Home
Recently, Dynamic Patterns Research featured a review of the important citizen science project of Planet Hunters where anyone can sign up to visually analyze light curves obtained from NASA's Kepler Discovery Mission (read more).
We continued to work through the light curve data, sifting through images that may or may not contain […]
Recently, Dynamic Patterns Research featured a review of the important citizen science project of Planet Hunters where anyone can sign up to visually analyze light curves obtained from NASA's Kepler Discovery Mission (read more).
We continued to work through the light curve data, sifting through images that may or may not contain potential signatures for a transiting planet around the observed star.
The Planet Hunters team carefully reviews the identifications, and just announced a new set of potential exoplanets. These newly discovered light curves will still require additional independent observations and measurements before any claim is made about the existence of a planet.
At this time, Dynamic Patterns Research is listed as a co-identifier of a potential exoplanet around a dwarf star about 0.87 times the size of our Sun. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 15.2 and a temperature 5,730 K. More information about this star can be see on the Kepler Target Search Results database (view). This star, labelled SPH10046881, and it's light curve with the apparent exoplanet transit can be view online on Planet Hunters (view).
More light curve data is pouring into the Planet Hunters system from the ongoing Kepler dataset, so now is a great time to get involved in Planet Hunters. It's not difficult to participate, but it is so important to help out with this critical process of discovery right now. Someday we may need to learn from the experiences and histories of these other planetary systems to prepare for the future of our own home world. And, we may even need to take the long haul trip to a neighbor planet — hopefully for a joy ride — but possibly for the continuing existence of humanity.
January 2011 Northern Hemisphere Sky Map
By Matthew T. Dearing On January 9, 2011 · Leave a Comment · In Science at Home
As we begin the second decade of the third millennium, take time to watch the Moon as is appears to visit near Jupiter, Saturn and Venus this month. It will be full on January 19, and maybe on that particular evening you should take a moment to just stare at the Moon. Think about […]
As we begin the second decade of the third millennium, take time to watch the Moon as is appears to visit near Jupiter, Saturn and Venus this month. It will be full on January 19, and maybe on that particular evening you should take a moment to just stare at the Moon. Think about it. There is this enormous rock floating around you and it just keeps rotating about. Time continues forward and that Moon appears to you now the same way it did to the Earth three millenniums previous and it will still look the same three millenniums in the future. You are but a speck in both the expansive dimension of space as well as the immense duration of time, but it is incredible that you exist, and that the Moon exists, and that together you and it are part of an amazing reality.
January 2011 Northern Hemisphere Sky Map
from SkyMaps.com
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Wednesday, October 7, is International Walk to School Day – a day to celebrate the importance of walking. Dayton Children's and Safe Kids Greater Dayton are supporting Safe Kids Walk This Way events – programs held in conjunction with International Walk to School Day, that focus on children being safe pedestrians.
Safe Kids Greater Dayton and Dayton Children's are pleased to announce the following schools and organizations that will be participating in Safe Kids Walk This Way 2009:
- Adventure Central, Dayton
- Cleveland Neighborhood School Center, Dayton
- Council on Rural Services Head Start, Troy
- Edison PreK-8, Neighborhood School Center, Dayton
- Fairview PreK-7, Neighborhood School Center, Dayton
- Harmon Elementary School, Oakwood
- Kiser PreK-8,Neighborhood School Center, Dayton
- Miami County School Districts, Troy
- Milton-Union Elementary School, West Milton
- Milton-Union Middle School, West Milton
- Orchard Park Elementary, Kettering
- Versailles Elementary School, Versailles
Check back on Wednesday afternoon when we post photos from our Walk This Way events!


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Bonneville Republicans may vote 'no confidence' in own party
IDAHO FALLS, Idaho - The Bonneville County Republican Central Committee will hold a special meeting on Friday to make a very bold statement about some area lawmakers.
Some GOP precinct officers may call for votes of "no-confidence" against members of their own party.
"These legislators seem to be listening to the big money," said precinct 23 officer Halli Stone. "To the big insurance companies who stand to profit from a state-based insurance exchange."
On Tuesday, Stone said a special meeting of Bonneville precinct officers planned for Friday will make a statement.
"It would let them know that the people at home are dissatisfied with the way they're voting," said Stone.
Stone said the committee will likely call for a resolution designating a vote of "no-confidence" against legislators who have voted in the Idaho House and Senate in favor of a state-based health insurance exchange.
"When we get there, we will discuss the issue of state-based health insurance exchanges and then we will decide what to do," said Stone.
Votes to move forward on a state-based health insurance exchange were taken on the Idaho state senate floor last week.
Sen. Dean Mortimer (R-Idaho Falls) argued against a state-based exchange, but Senate President Pro Tem Brent Hill (R-Rexburg), John Tippets (R-Montpelier), and Bart Davis (R-Idaho Falls) voted for the state-based exchange.
Stone said it's those lawmakers the central committee will target with votes of no-confidence if a resolution passes Friday.
The resolution would also target Idaho state house members who have yet to vote, said Stone.
Reached by phone in Boise on Tuesday night, Rep. Jeff Thompson (R-Idaho Falls) responded to the possibility of a vote.
"If that is productive in some people's minds, then I guess that can happen," said Thompson. "I'm over here trying to get the people's work done for the people who have elected me, so that's what I'm going to be focusing on."
Thompson added that a majority of eastern Idahoans favor the state exchange.
Hill offered our station this statement:
"We are obviously disappointed in efforts by a few activists to persuade Bonneville County's Republican Central Committee to condemn legislators in their own party for supporting a state-based exchange rather than default to the federal government. If the committee demeans legislators from Bonneville County, it also condemns Gov. Otter and the most Republican Senate in the nation for favoring a state exchange over a federal exchange by a 2 to 1 margin. Such action by the Central Committee would be in opposition to every major business group in the state, including our own Chamber of Commerce, and a large majority of Idaho citizens (according to a recent poll) that favor a state-run exchange."


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CONTACT: Justin Hoyt, (518) 629-7898, email@example.com
FOR RELEASE: Immediate, Thursday, Feb. 10, 2011
The Hudson Valley Community College men's basketball team (12-12) defeated Word of Life (1-13) 88-66 on Thursday, Feb. 10. Steve Hunt (Tamarac/Wynantskill) led the Vikings with his first career triple-double, tallying 20 points, 13 rebounds and 11 assists. Kalik Parker (Ragsdale/Jamestown, NC) and Anthony Robustiano (Mohonasen/Rotterdam) finished with 19 points each, both converting on five three-pointers in the win.
The men's team takes on Delhi College of Technology on Saturday, Feb. 12 at 3 p.m. This will be the last home game for seniors Armand Thomas (Herbert H. Lehman/Bronx), Steve Hunt and Anthony Robustiano.


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Gigs like this don't come around very often. One of the world's biggest bands playing an intimate town hall show for 2000 or so adoring and die-hard fans. And last night's Foo Fighters show was even more special because it was all in the name of raising money for Christchurch - and with tickets going for $175 and $250 apiece, that's a fair amount of cash.
Earlier in the day, in an interview with TimeOut, frontman Dave Grohl said that when he heard about last month's quake, he asked the band's manager if there was any way they could fit in a "sneaky New Zealand gig" as part of its promotional tour to Australia for latest album, Wasting Light, which is out next month.
"If there's one good thing about music, it can heal you. Music can save your life," he said. "So if we can play for a good cause, raise a little money, and show some people a good time then we're doing a good thing."
And then bang, there they were playing their butts off for free "for the people of Christchurch", starting with a quick blast through the entirety of Wasting Light before launching into a set of greatest hits and fan favourites including everything from early hit Big Me to - "let me hear you sing it" - My Hero.
"It's going to be a long night," screamed Grohl.
While a new song like These Days comes across more like one the Foos have written before, there's new single Rope, the unbridled and shredded shrieks of White Limo, and the Nirvanaesque Back and Forth that make you fall for them all over again.
But it's the hits, starting with All My Life and then sing-a-long favourite Times Like These, that get the crowd out of their seats jumping and hollering.
And then there was everything from Long Road To Ruin, Learn To Fly and a long drawn-out rock star run around the circle of the Town Hall by Grohl during a heavy and bludgeoning version of Stacked Actors.
And one point, following Big Me, Grohl - with his lanky mop of hair, sideburns your dad would be proud of, and beaming smile - asks if we've had enough yet. "No," is the resounding reply. "Good. Me neither."
The guy is a star and this was one of those heart-pumping special shows that you know you're lucky to be at.
See the full Dave Grohl interview in tomorrow's TimeOut.


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How Horses Help in Therapy Sessions
Fayetteville , Arkansas -
FAYETTEVILLE, AR (KNWA) - It's therapy seen and not heard, but through a different set of eyes.
"When working with horses, even though there's no conversation, no explanation the issues just pop right to the surface," explains Marsha Wyatt, the horse specialist for The Unbridled Journey in Fayetteville.
The Unbridled Journey works with individuals, couples and groups with needs ranging from team building to overcoming abuse.
"The therapy is experiential, so someone goes into the arena with a horse and we have an activity designed specifically usually for what type of problems they're having," says Theresa Driver.
Driver is an animal assisted play therapist in Fayetteville and has spent many years inside the traditional therapy office but "equine assisted psychotherapy" is different.
"The most amazing aspect to me is the fact that it pretty much eliminates the first, 3, 4, 5 sessions that you would have in the office. It's almost impossible to hide what's actually going on with you, and if you are good enough to do that, the horse will tell us," she says.
Driver and Wyatt make up the team of The Unbridled Journey. Not by riding, but just observing, the horses reveal things to the leaders that help guide a deeper conversation.
"There's really no scientific explanation of it, it just plays out every time that we have a therapy session and we can see that the horses figure it all out before we even know what's going on," Wyatt says.
The duo finds it's often easier for clients to interact and open up around the animals, than with another person in a one-on-one office scenario.
"When an individual can come to that conclusion on their own with the help of an animal who is so not judgmental, it's just an incredible outcome," says Wyatt.
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When historians look back at East Timor's first fragile steps as a nation, they'll find the indelible mark of a Kiwi hand.
In 1999, as the Timorese people stumbled to their feet against their Indonesian former occupiers, New Zealand's Defence Force joined international partners in moving to protect them from the bloody militia onslaught intent on destroying the new nation before it even began.
That operation – initially 420 soldiers and 265 navy and air personnel – would soon swell to more than 1000 strong, New Zealand's largest overseas deployment in 35 years.
These days, with an albeit shaky peace descending on the country, our defence presence in East Timor is just a tenth of its former size. But the commitment to Southeast Asia's poorest nation is no less firm. During the 11-year mission, New Zealanders have filled the roles of security enforcers, peacekeepers, observers, advisers and trainers.
And it has come at a cost: several Kiwis have lost their lives in accidents, or in the case of Private Leonard Manning, a deadly attack by militia gunmen in 2000. His memory lives on in a scholarship established by his parents in honour of their fallen son. The scholarship assists poor students from Timor's Cova Lima region with their fees and living costs during technical training courses.
The security situation may be much better than in 1999-2000, but the New Zealanders are constantly on alert for hostilities; despite several tours of duty for many of the personnel, complacency has no place in Timor.
Major Jason Dyhrberg, who has made repeated trips to the country, says
there is a constant feeling of "something ominous looming on the horizon", which means the New Zealanders must keep up their presence on the streets to deter trouble.
"For the soldiers out on patrol it is a hot and challenging environment that requires them to both put up with discomfort and boredom, but also remain continually alert to the possibility of that one ugly
moment," Major Dyhrberg says.
Send us your messages and memories of loved ones who have served in past wars or to people currently serving in the armed forces.
You can also post a message directly in the Auckland War Memorial Museum's official Book of Remembrance.


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