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Crazy Black Kids and Their "Hip-Hop Style" Saggy Pants AMIRITE?Thursday, January 31st, 2013
Oh hey guys.
I didn't go anywhere. I was just taking the world's longest shower.
Then I saw this.
The video starts by getting into the mind of a young man: "So you think you look pretty cool wearing your pants like that, don't you?" asks a voice, as two pretty cool looking black teenagers walk down the street, jeans sagging below the waist line, presumably on their way to disrespect someone's community. According to the voice, this plague on our city's streets is called wearing your jeans "hip-hop style"; to stoke your disgust at this unholy scourge, the producers use a "Hip-Hop" beat direct from their Casio keyboard as the background music. It's all part of a calculated effort to get your attention; after some 30-odd years of ignoring the problem, it's time to confront the issue head-on, and for that battle, a respected voice of authority would have to get involved. And in hip-hop, no figure commands greater respect than a police officer.


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subset: commoncrawl


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San Joaquin River Restoration Program Wins Partners in Conservation Award
Photo by Stephanie Richabaug / USFWS
The San Joaquin River Restoration Program (SJRRP), was recently recognized with a national Partners in Conservation Award. Two Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office biologists, Stephanie Rickabaugh and Rebecca Lorig, were named in the award for their efforts to reintroduce fish and improve the ecosystem of the San Joaquin River. Also named were Dan Castleberry and Robert Clarke from the Southwest Pacific Regional Office.
The SJRRP was one of 17 programs selected for the 2011 national awards to individuals and organizations that were presented at a ceremony in Washington, D.C., on Wednesday, September 21, to honor "those who achieve natural resource goals in collaboration and partnership with others."
While presenting the awards Secretary of the Interior, Ken Salazar said "I am pleased to recognize the efforts of dedicated people from across our nation to conserve and restore our treasured landscapes, address water issues and forge solutions to complex natural resource issues through good government and strong partnerships."
"The Partners in Conservation Awards demonstrate that our nation's greatest conservation legacies often emerge when agencies and citizens from a wide range of backgrounds come together to address shared challenges."
The SJRRP is a collaborative partnership between the FWS, Bureau of Reclamation, National Marine Fisheries Service, Natural Resources Defense Council and Friant Water Authority working with individual land owners, nongovernmental environmental organizations, water users, and state and federal agencies to restore 153 miles of the San Joaquin River below Friant Dam.
Though the SJRRP partners have diverse and competing interests, they are able to work collaboratively to ensure sustainable management of the nation's water and natural resources through establishment of clear commitments, diverse technical working groups, and a comprehensive public involvement program.
Authorized by the U.S. Congress in 2009, the SJRRP enabled the release, recapture and recirculation of interim flows to begin in October 2009, and is developing plans to reintroduce fish and improve ecosystem and flood conditions while addressing water user and landowner concerns.
The program partners have diverse interests and through establishment of clear commitments, diverse technical working groups, and a comprehensive public involvement program, they are able to work collaboratively and cooperatively to implement the program ensuring sustainable management of the nation's water and natural resources.


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The Four Feathers (1939) Parent Review
The film uses the various perilous situations the characters find themselves in to illustrate the importance of having courage and living up to the best you can be.
Movie Review
Harry Faversham (John Clements) has a secret. Ever since the supper party for his fifteenth birthday, he has been haunted by the offhanded tales of brutality related by his father's windbag war buddies. Descending from a long line of exemplary servicemen, the sensitive lad with a penchant for poetry knows he is a disappointment to the family's good name.
NEW: Listen to our Parent Previews Podcast and take control of media and technology in your family!
Although he submissively attends the best military schools money can buy, the death of his father and the calling of his regiment into active duty combine to give the now twenty-five-year-old man the motivation to tender his resignation. Sweeping aside his excesses of estate obligations, Harry's best friends Peter (Donald Gray), John (Ralph Richardson), Arthur (Jack Allen), and his fiance Ethne (June Duprez) are convinced he is acting out of fear. With disgust for his decision, each gives him a white feather-- the symbol of a coward.
After his comrades depart for the conflict in the Sudan, the British citizen determines to reclaim his honor. Disguising himself as an African native (which includes having his forehead branded), he heads into the desert hoping to meet up with his former detachment. But fate complicates his mission with attacks by the opposing Dervishes, heat stroke, thirst, whippings, imprisonment, and a sentence to hard labor.
Based on the classic adventure novel by A.E.W. Mason, The Four Feathers has been adapted for the silver screen several times. This version was made in 1939, a mere forty years after the real Lord Kitchener's campaign, and assumes the audience has some familiarity with the historical facts. The movie's sentimental story (with a decidedly British slant) concentrates on Harry's heroic efforts to prove he isn't as yellow as his chums believe him to be.
While battle scenes are abundant, gore is not. The dead and injured simply fall over and lie about. With few content concerns for parents (other than a romanticized depiction of war) the film uses the various perilous situations the characters find themselves in to illustrate the importance of having courage and living up to the best you can be.Directed by Zoltan Korda. Starring John Clements, Ralph Richardson. Running time: 130 minutes. Theatrical release August 3, 1939. Updated July 13, 2016
The Four Feathers (1939) Parents Guide
Do you feel Harry's decision to go behind enemy lines was motivated by true bravery or pride? Of the characters depicted in this movie, who do you feel showed the most courage?
Why was it important for Harry to examine the real reasons why he resigned his post? What is the danger of lying to one's self?


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text: You keep your Pokélads; I want a bigger monsterpal. I've had my eye on Gigantic [official site] for a while, fancying 5v5 third-person action where each team is supported by a honking great monster, and I'll be having a go this weekend thanks to the open beta that's now live. Our monsterdad can beat up your monsterdad. Read the rest of this entry »


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Kelsey's parents are from Ohio and the Phillipines, not Michigan. Mom was born in Ohio and grew up there, Dad was born in Maryland and grew up in the Phillipines. They met in Ohio and have lived in Michigan and New York. Even more convoluted than yours!
We really want to include somewhere warm in that list of places where we live!
"So, where are you from?"
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An infamous question. A bane to conversations in this life we live.
There is no easy answer. First of all, are you even interested, or are you just making conversation? If the latter, then a simple "California" will do. That's where we work from. And if you're just being polite with small talk, that suffices. But if you're actually interested (or worse, you lived in California like thirty years ago and walk to talk about California), then we find ourselves in a bind.
The longer version of that answer is most accurate, but it's kind of a conversational pain. Here it is: "Okay well actually, I'm originally from New Hampshire, and she's from Michigan. We met in Ohio, got married, and flew to California for this job which brings us to this area..."
Kind of a mouthful. And it sends the person asking reeling.
For a while, we just settled with that answer. Default to California. If the conversation appears to be more involved, we'll provide the unabridged version. But recently we've been very dissatisfied with this. Our discontent took new form with yesterday's contact person at school. Right before the assembly, the conversation went something like this:
"So, where are you guys from?"
"California, sir."
"No, I know, but where are you guys really from? I know we get Camfel people from all over the place, and I think it's interesting to hear where everyone comes from. Last year we had a couple where one was from Chicago, and the other from... Timbuktu or something like that."
This seemed like the ideal situation to tell him the long version of our residency story. We explained our Michigan and New Hampshire roots (hesitantly, I might add, because we were indeed in a New Hampshire school--blew my cover).
So when our contact person introduced us, he told the students "Camfel's here with another assembly. Camfel's out in California, but they send us people from all over the place. This year, we have Kelsey from Battle Creek, Michigan. Anyone know what is famous about Battle Creek?" (one teacher raised her hand--"Ooh Ooh! Cereal!") Yes, Cereal Capital of the World! And then we have Mike, the local boy from Manchester!"
Then the junior highers cheered. Okay. So maybe being from New Hampshire in New Hampshire isn't so bad.
But here's the problem. To a small degree, I'm annoyed with the common misperception of how Camfel does their job. Not because it's damaging, because most people's idea is simply inaccurate. The contact person here assumed that Camfel has employees living across the country who drive out to shows and do them. No, Camfel has everyone fly in to California, trains them, gives them vans and equipment, and sends them out to different regions of the country for the entire school year. Where you're from really has no bearing on where you tour. It's frustrating when you tour near where you're "from" because once they hear you're from there, they assume you do this locally. "No! Really! My job is so much cooler than you think!!"
But that's more of a superficial thing. The problem that Kelsey and I have with that is that already, most people do not assume we're married. You'd be amazed how much people are surprised when we tell them we do this married. They then think it's cool, but it's seldom their assumption. By telling people that we're from Michigan and New Hampshire, we're reinforcing that assumption that we are a single woman and single man as coworkers. If the person knows enough to know that we tour on the road for any length of time, it would not be difficult for them to develop some very unfortunate inferences (Might I add that it's sad in the first place that to be married at our age in our generation is a vast minority).
So, in attempts to reinforce truth both in how Camfel operates, and in how we value marriage, we decided to retrain our brains and agree to a new, concrete answer to the "So, where are you from?" question...
"So, where are you guys from?"
Yeah... that's our answer. That's where our paycheck comes from. That's where our bank is. That's where our mailing address is, and thus where our mail is delivered. California got a good chunk of our tax money last March. It's where we went after getting married, and we haven't been settled anywhere since then. Kelsey and Mike are from California.
Sure, we haven't spent more than two months total there. And no, we don't know where the best places to eat are. No, we've never heard of Sherman Oaks, and no, we've never met Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, or George Clooney.
If that answer isn't what you're looking for, then I can say that my parents are from New Hampshire, and Kelsey's parents are from Michigan. But for all purposes at this point in our life, we're from California. We just travel the country from there.
"So, where are you from?"
"We're from California."
And Kelsey bought a new pair of white sunglasses to prove it.
Kelsey's parents are from Ohio and the Phillipines, not Michigan. Mom was born in Ohio and grew up there, Dad was born in Maryland and grew up in the Phillipines. They met in Ohio and have lived in Michigan and New York. Even more convoluted than yours!
Hah! Yes, the full version of that answer, then, extended to two generations, is this: Well, Mike's parents live in New Hampshire, but his mom was born in New York, grew up in Ohio, and moved to New Hampshire where she met his dad who was born in Maryland but grew up in New Hampshire and both went to school in Massachusetts. Kelsey's parents live in Michigan, but her mom was born in Ohio and grew up there, Dad was born in Maryland and grew up in the Phillipines. They met in Ohio and have lived in Michigan and New York. Kelsey and Mike were born in New York and Massachusetts, and grew up in Michigan and New Hampshire, respectively, but went to school in Ohio, got married in Michigan, and now work out of California traveling the entire East Coast.
Needs to be on a T-shirt or something


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A coroner says the death of a two-year-old killed after a cow stepped on his head is a lesson to all parents about child supervision.
Jack Tatham was just over two months shy of his second birthday in August last year when he was told by his parents to stay in an enclosed area of a shed while they went to attend to cows which had just arrived on their farm in Waimatua, near Invercargill.
But when his father Jimmy Tatham went back to get Jack, he was gone from the room, having been able to open the door.
He found Jack soon after inside a fence with cows, unresponsive.
Jack was taken to Invercargill Hospital with a head injury consistent with being stood on by a cow.
He was transferred to the Dunedin Hospital neurology ward but efforts to save him were unsuccessful.
Mr Tatham had told the hearing that Jack could open doors and had access to the whole of the inside area, believing there was nothing there he could hurt himself on.
However, he instead went almost directly to the pen where the cows were.
Dunedin Coroner David Crerar said he couldn't attribute any blame to Jack's parents.
"Although it may be said the parents of Jack were remiss in not being in active supervision of him at all times, there must be a reasonable limit to their duties and responsibilities," he said.
"The tragic circumstances of the death do, however, serve as a lesson to all who have custody of vulnerable infants.
"A child who is unable to perform his, or her, own risk assessment needs to be constantly supervised by a responsible adult to ensure that no harm is created to them."


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The reviews and descriptions made me think that I had found the solution for my frizzy hair, but no such luck. This left my hair feeling full of product, a little crunchy, and smelling like a dryer sheet. It was definitely better than some I have tried, but not something I wanted to keep.
In case it helps: I have lots of fine curly/wavy hair that has a mind of it's own. This product was too heavy for me.


text: I use the liquid starch in the blue plastic bottle, I think it's called Vano? I mix it 50/50 with water. Put it in a yard sprayer (about $15 i bought for this task ONLY) and holds about a gallon. I lay the fabric on plastic tablecloth and spray the inside of the fabric, roll it up and put in the refrigerator or freezer in a zip lock bag. Then when I want to do something other than sew I pull out a couple pieces and iron on the right side. works like a dream. If you want it stiffer, use less water.


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Mums-to-be miss early payment
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Pregnant women are unlikely to be given part of their maternity payment early after the Federal Government signalled it had no plans to change the existing arrangements.
The idea to bring forward part of the $3079 payment, suggested by Federal Health Minister Tony Abbott in a bid to reduce Australia's 90,000 abortions each year, yesterday received a dim reception on both sides of politics.
Family and Community Services Minister Kay Patterson played down the proposal, saying the Government had no plans to change the way the payment is made. And the parliamentary secretary for finance, Victorian Liberal Sharman Stone, said the idea would do nothing to reduce the abortion rate.
"Options are always useful and some women and families might appreciate getting family assistance at those times to help them with some of the costs," she said. "But I don't believe it would make the slightest bit of difference in terms of a choice that sadly sometimes needs to be made about whether or not to continue a pregnancy."
Mr Abbott suggested paying $500 of the allowance at 14 weeks of pregnancy, another $500 at 32 weeks and the rest after the birth.
Labor health spokeswoman Julia Gillard dismissed the idea as "another Tony Abbott thought bubble that will go nowhere".
"He does this all the time. It gives the illusion of movement, but really he's doing nothing with the health portfolio."
Ms Gillard said Labor was not opposed to Medicare funding for abortion counselling - another idea Mr Abbott has floated - as long as the counselling was unbiased and professional. She said she had no confidence that Mr Abbott could guarantee Medicare provider numbers would not go to pro-life counsellors who would only dissuade women from seeking abortions.
Mr Abbott aims to discuss Medicare funding for abortion counselling with his cabinet colleagues in coming weeks.
The Democrats' spokeswoman for the status of women, Natasha Stott Despoja, labelled Mr Abbott's maternity payment idea "patronising and offensive".
"Ultimately, what we need in this debate is greater respect for women's choices and reproductive rights, particularly from some conservative male politicians who seem hell-bent on winding back the clock," she said.
She also condemned the idea of Medicare funding for abortion counselling, saying Medicare was not available for counselling for other medical procedures.
The stoush follows a move by the Victorian Government to introduce mandatory counselling and a 48-hour cooling-off period for all women considering late-term abortions - a move Mr Abbott has applauded.
Canberra is also in the grip of a debate about whether restrictions on the so-called "abortion pill", RU486, should be lifted. Dr Stone is lobbying for an end to the effective ban on the pill, arguing it hurts women in rural and remote areas who have trouble getting access to a surgical abortion.
The indexed maternity payment was introduced by the Government in 2004.
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Box Score??|??Photo Gallery??
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. ??? Senior designated player Shannon Doepking and sophomore catcher Tiffany Huff each knocked in a pair of runs and senior third baseman Tonya Callahan hit her 13th home run as No. 9 Tennessee (41-8, 11-7 Southeastern Conference) rebounded from a defeat to post a 6-2 win over Ole Miss and split the doubleheader on Wednesday evening at the Lee Softball Stadium.??
Doepking recorded her two RBIs as part of a 2-for-4 effort at the dish with a double.?? Huff plated her two teammates with both a RBI groundout and a RBI single.?? Callahan (1-for-2) hammered her team-leading 13th home run of the campaign while also being intentionally walked twice and plating two runs.
In picking up her 22nd victory of the season, freshman hurler Ashton Ward allowed two earned runs on five hits while striking out five in the complete-game.
???There is nothing to celebrate tonight,??? Lady Vol co-head coach Ralph Weekly said.?? ???After reading Yvette Girouard???s (LSU head coach) quote from last weekend when Ole Miss took two of three from LSU, she said, to paraphrase, that the worst thing you can do is let an opposing team???s best hitter beat you.?? We put a ball down the middle of the plate for Ole Miss??? Lauren Grill (10 HR???s) in the opener, and she hit a home run in what turned into a 1-0 game.?? I???ve learned that your offense tightens up when the pitching struggles.?? Pitching has been our problem for most of the season.???????
After going scoreless in the opener, Tennessee wasted no time gaining an advantage in the bottom of the first of game two.?? Posey led off the frame by beating out an infield single back to the circle.?? Mogan bounced a routine shot to short that was thrown away for an error by Ole Miss shortstop Lauren Grill placing Lady Vol runners at second and third with none out.?? Callahan was intentionally walked for the seventh time this season, loading the bases for Doepking.?? The Acton, Calif., native came through in the clutch with a base knock to center field plating two runs for a quick 2-0 advantage.?? On the throw to the plate, Mogan slid into a tag attempt by UM catcher Amber Tramp for an apparent out.?? Home plate umpire David Rheinecker believed that the catcher was bobbling the ball, allowing Mogan to be safe on the play.?? Consecutive groundouts from freshman first baseman Jen Lapicki and Huff brought Callahan across to set the count at 3-0.
A one-out walk to Grill in the top of the first and a single off the bat of left fielder Alise Doubt in the third amounted to nothing for the Rebel offense as Ward retired nine of the first 11 hitters she faced over the opening three frames.
Grill christened the first serious threat for Ole Miss with a lead-off double to christen the fourth inning.?? A strikeout of third baseman Ashley Dowdy and a ground ball to second base from Tramp registered two quick outs and advanced Grill within 60 feet of paydirt.?? She was left standing right there as designated player Rachel Torres went down swinging to end the frame.
With one down in the bottom of the fourth, sophomore center fielder Erinn Webb laced a triple that traveled over the first base bag and down into the corner.?? Following a pop-up from right fielder Danielle Pieroni for the second out of the frame, a wild pitch from hurler Becky Nye allowed Webb to plate UT???s fourth run.?? That proved to be a big play as a strikeout ended the Tennessee inning.
Callahan blasted her team-best 13th home run with one out in the bottom of the fifth as Tennessee moved in front 5-0.?? Doepking followed that shot with a ringing double off the wall in left center to end the day in the circle for Nye.?? First game victor Tara Willitt entered and struck out Lapicki for the second retirement.?? The UM hurler did allow a single through the left side of the infield as freshman pinch runner Kelsey Stander crossed for a 6-0 lead.??
With time beginning to run short for the Rebels, second baseman Lisa Conchos ripped a shot off the wall in left for a one-out double in the top of the sixth.?? A groundout advanced the Ole Miss runner to third with Dowdy stepping to the plate.?? Ward got ahead of the hitter 0-2, but Dowdy fought back to 2-2 before ripping an RBI single through the left side of the infield, cutting the UM deficit to 6-1.?? Tramp followed with a two-bagger to the wall in left center as Dowdy raced all the way around from first with Ole Miss??? second score.?? A routine bouncer to third off the bat of pinch hitter Aly Presswood concluded the inning but not before the Rebels had closed the gap.
Down to their last chance, Ole Miss went down in order in the top of the seventh against Ward.?? Right fielder Alyssa McGovern flew out to center as Webb raced in to make a spectacular diving catch, recording out number one.?? First baseman Lauren Rowe grounded out to Callahan at third, and left fielder Alise Doubt lined down to Callahan completing the Big Orange triumph.??
No. 9 Tennessee will play host to No. 14/11 LSU for a three-game series this weekend at the Lee Softball Stadium.?? First pitch for Saturday???s doubleheader is slated for 1 p.m. ET.?? The first and last game of the three-contest set will both be broadcast live on FSN.?? Live stats will be available through utladyvols.com.


text:
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Catalogue No: PWM242071Shop Product Code: 027145VMore Product Codes
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text:
Papiss Demba Cisse scored both goals as Newcastle inflicted fresh Premier League misery upon 10-man Liverpool with a 2-0 victory at St James' Park on Sunday.
The Senegal striker made it seven goals in as many Premier League games for Newcastle with a 19th minute header and a close range-finish just shy of the hour mark to boost their challenge for a Champions League place.
Liverpool were reduced to 10 men with eight minutes remaining as goalkeeper Pepe Reina was sent off after he appeared to headbutt Newcastle's James Perch.
By then Liverpool had used all their substitutes, so full-back Jose Enrique, one of several former Newcastle players in the visitors' team, had to go between the posts.
The result condemned Liverpool to a sixth defeat in seven league matches and left them in eighth place, one position below Merseyside rivals Everton -- and 11 points adrift of Newcastle.
Cisse's display was in marked contrast to that of Andy Carroll, the former Newcastle striker signed by Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish for 35 million in January last year.
Carroll, who has scored only five league goals since arriving at Anfield, was booked for diving when, with the game still goalless, he went to ground after rounding Magpies' keeper Tim Krul rather than shoot at his old home ground.
Victory left Newcastle in sixth place but level on points with Chelsea (fifth).
Carroll stormed off after being substituted late on.
Dalglish said that Carroll's reaction was unfortunate.
"When Andy Carroll comes off and runs up the tunnel it purely disappointment and frustration. It's all very well having that but we have to manage that and channel it in a proper way.
"If we don't stick together and have trust in each other it is going to be a lot more difficult."
Delighted Newcastle manager Alan Pardew said: "It's massive, it keeps the momentum going and the dream alive of as high a finish as possible.
"If we keep playing like that and working hard then anything's possible."
Meanwhile, Sunday's other Premier League match saw Tottenham Hotspur go level on points with third-placed north London foes Arsenal and five clear of both Chelsea and Newcastle after they beat Swansea 3-1 at White Hart Lane.
Emmanuel Adebayor sealed victory with two late headers after Swansea had levelled at 1-1.
Rafael van der Vaart gave Tottenham, in possession of the fourth and final Champions League place on offer, a 19th minute lead when he beat Swansea keeper and fellow Dutchman Michel Vorm with a first-time shot from the edge of the box.
Swansea, one of the teams of the Premier League season following promotion from the Championship, equalised in the 69th minute when Icelandic midfielder Gylfi Sigurdsson, on loan from German club Hoffenheim, scored his sixth goal in 11 league games with a powerful shot.
But Adeyabor, on loan to Tottenham from Manchester City, made it 2-1 when the unmarked striker headed in van der Vaart's 73rd minute corner.
And, four minutes from time, Adebayor got on the end of Aaron Lennon's excellent cross to seal victory.
League leaders and reigning champions Manchester United will go five points clear of second-placed local rivals Manchester City, with seven games remaining, if they beat Blackburn Rovers at Old Trafford on Monday.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 18, 2010
|Filing date
|Aug 14, 2006
|Priority date
|Aug 14, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Neal R. Rueger, Mark J. Williamson, Gurtej S. Sandhu
|Original Assignee
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (128), Non-Patent Citations (15), Referenced by (15), Classifications (24), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application relates generally to semiconductor devices and device fabrication and, more particularly, to surface processing using electron beams in various configurations to activate and/or stimulate surface processing.
Semiconductor processing is used to form structures and devices such as transistors, capacitors, etc. that in turn are used to form semiconductor memory chips, processing chips, and other integrated circuits. Semiconductor device uses range from personal computers, to MP3 music players, to mobile telephones. In the fabrication process of semiconductor structures and devices, techniques that are frequently used include material deposition processes, and material removal processes such as etching. By sequentially depositing and etching in selected regions on a semiconductor wafer, devices such as transistors, etc. are eventually formed.
As in any manufacturing process, reducing the time needed for a given manufacturing step or eliminating selected manufacturing steps reduces the cost of the final product. Selectively etching a semiconductor surface is a necessary step in most semiconductor processing operations. Selectivity can be obtained using a number of techniques, including use of a protective mask or using chemicals that selectively react with one material over another. Although techniques exist that provide some degree of selectivity, further improvements to processes that reduce time needed to complete a step, and/or eliminate processing steps are desired to further reduce cost. Improving selectivity also provides increased precision, allowing more detailed and/or smaller structure formation.
What is needed is an improved semiconductor processing method that addresses these and other concerns. What is also needed is a system to provide these methods and other processing needs. Also needed are inexpensive and high precision components formed by improved processing methods.
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific aspects and embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention. Other embodiments may be utilized and chemical, structural, logical, and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The various embodiments are not necessarily mutually exclusive, as some embodiments can be combined with one or more other embodiments to form new embodiments.
The terms wafer and substrate used in the following description include any structure having an exposed surface with which to form an integrated circuit (IC) structure. The term substrate is understood to include semiconductor wafers. The term substrate is understood to include semiconductor on insulator wafers such as silicon-on-insulator (SOI). The term substrate is also used to refer to semiconductor structures during processing, and may include other layers that have been fabricated thereupon. Both wafer and substrate include doped and undoped semiconductors, epitaxial semiconductor layers supported by a base semiconductor or insulator, as well as other semiconductor structures well known to one skilled in the art. The term conductor is understood to generally include n-type and p-type semiconductors and the term insulator or dielectric is defined to include any material that is less electrically conductive than the materials referred to as conductors.
In one embodiment, a plasma is included in the chamber along with a gas source. In one embodiment only a plasma source such as a remote plasma generator is used. In one embodiment only a gas source is used. One of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure will recognize that a portion of a plasma generated from a remote plasma source may recombine in the reaction chamber. In such an example, plasma species will be present in the reaction chamber along with non-plasma gas species. In one embodiment, the selected chemical species is capable of etching a region of the semiconductor surface. In addition, in one embodiment, the chemical species included in the reaction chamber are capable of dissociating into one or more species that are capable of etching a region of the semiconductor surface. For example, chemical species are chosen in one embodiment to dissociate when exposed to energies supplied by an electron beam, including, but not limited to a beam in a SEM. In one embodiment, the chemical species includes a halogen species. Examples of halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. In one embodiment, the chemical species further includes carbon. One example of a species that includes carbon and fluorine as a halogen include CF4. In one embodiment, the chemical species includes other species such as hydrogen or another element. One example of a gas including hydrogen is CHF3. In one embodiment, other species in addition to carbon and a halogen include multi-component species such as a carbon and hydrogen chain, or other combination of elements.
In step 110, the semiconductor surface and chemical species adjacent to the surface are exposed to an electron beam. As discussed above, in one embodiment, the electron beam is generated by an electron beam source in an electron microscope such as a SEM. In one embodiment, the electron beam source includes a carbon nanotube source. Carbon nanotube sources include an advantage of higher beam density and smaller spot size. Increased beam density provides more potential activation energy to react with chemical species as discussed below. Further, a smaller spot size allows higher precision in directing the electron beam to only a specific region of the semiconductor surface. In SEM embodiments, a smaller spot size also provides higher imaging resolution.
In a SEM embodiment, the electron beam can be focused using electromagnetic lenses. In one embodiment, the SEM configuration also provides a system to scan the electron beam over an area of the substrate. In one embodiment, such as a SEM embodiment, an imaging system is further included. In one embodiment, an imaging system includes devices such as a secondary electron detector.
One advantage of a SEM configuration includes the ability to focus and scan on only a selected portion of the substrate such as a semiconductor wafer. Another advantage of a SEM configuration includes the ability to concurrently image the selected portion of the surface being exposed to the electron beam. The ability to image allows a user to easily select the region to be exposed to the electron beam from the bulk of the semiconductor surface.
In one embodiment, a material composition detection system is further included. Examples of material composition detection systems include, but are not limited to x-ray detection systems, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) detection systems, mass spectrometers, etc. In one embodiment, a material composition detection system is used to quantify composition of a coating that is grown in conjunction with electron beam interaction. Growth of such coatings will be discussed in more detail below.
Although an electron microscope is used as an example of an electron beam source, the invention is not so limited. Other embodiments include an electron beam source without additional microscope elements such as lenses, rastering systems, secondary electron detectors, etc. In one embodiment, the electron beam source includes an array of electron beam sources with selectable regions of electron beams. In one embodiment, one or more regions of the array can be varied to include different electron beam energies, or no electron beams in selected regions only. In one embodiment, an array of electron beam sources includes a carbon nanotube array with associated circuitry to select numbers of individual nanotubes within the array.
An advantage of electron beam array embodiments includes further ability to selectively process one region of a semiconductor surface while concurrently or sequentially processing an adjacent region in a different manner. One example includes providing electron beam energy to a first region sufficient to etch the surface of the first region while providing a different electron beam energy or absence of electron beam energy to a second region to grow a protective layer over the second region. As discussed above, in step 120, a portion of an electron beam array is activated to expose the chemical species only in a selected region. In selected embodiments, other energetic beams such as neutron beams, x-rays, etc. are used to provide energy appropriate to dissociate the chosen chemical species. Energetic beams such as electron beams provide an advantage in selected embodiments because they cause minimal damage to the workpiece in contrast to ion beams or other particle beams that may cause sputtering or other surface damage.
In step 130, the chemical species is at least partially dissociated into a number of reactive species. In one embodiment, the energy from the electron beam or electron beam array provides at least a portion of the energy necessary to dissociate the gas into the number of reactive species. The exact composition of the species will depend on the gas that is used. For example CF4 gas will dissociate into a number of species such as CF3, CF2, and CF. One of ordinary skill in the art, having the benefit of the present disclosure will recognize that the energy of the electron beam can be adjusted to more effectively dissociate the species depending on the specific chemistry chosen.
In one embodiment, the chemical species is chosen such that the reactive species selectively etch a specific material on the semiconductor surface. In one embodiment, the reactive species are chosen to etch silicon dioxide. In one embodiment, the reactive species generated from the plasma source and/or the electron beam interaction does not etch a second material such as silicon. In one embodiment, a selective reaction such as etching is determined by a large difference in reaction rate. Although a reaction may be described as occurring on one material and not on another, in one embodiment, the reaction may occur on both materials, however a substantial difference in reaction rate is observed.
In selected embodiments, a coating is deposited on a region of the semiconductor surface, while concurrently an etching reaction is occurring on another region of the semiconductor surface. One example includes a silicon dioxide region that is adjacent to a silicon region. In one embodiment, a coating is deposited on the silicon region while the silicon dioxide region is etched at substantially the same time. Further, in one embodiment, a coating is deposited on the silicon dioxide region while the silicon region is etched at substantially the same time. Although silicon and silicon dioxide are used as examples, the invention is not so limited. Other semiconductor processing materials can be selectively etched or coated using appropriate reactive species chemistry that will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, having the benefit of the present disclosure. Examples of other semiconductor materials include, but are not limited to nitride materials, spin on glass materials, or other semiconductors such as germanium, or gallium arsenide, etc.
In one embodiment, a deposited coating includes a carbon containing coating. In one embodiment, the coating includes an amount of halogen. Using such an example, the coating can be characterized using a ratio of halogen to carbon.
In one embodiment, the chemical species 220 includes CHF3. In one embodiment, the substrate 210 includes a semiconductor wafer. A first silicon region 214 and a second silicon region 216 are shown with a silicon dioxide region 218 located adjacent to the silicon regions 214, 216.
A plurality of electron beams 230 of a first energy 230 (energy indicated by arrow length) is shown directed at the substrate 210. In one embodiment, the plurality of electron beams 230 are generated by an electron beam generating array 238. Additional particles 236 are shown that are generated as a result of the electron beams 230 interaction with the surface of the substrate 210. Additional particles 236 include, but are not limited to secondary electrons and backscattered particles. In one embodiment, additional particles 236 are used for material characterization.
Also shown in
Using CHF3 gas as a gas species 220 example, a first subspecies example includes HF and a second subspecies includes CF2. In the example, the CF2 subspecies reacts with SiO2 to form SiOFx and COx byproducts and the SiO2 surface, such as surface 219 in
In one embodiment, an etching region such as surface 219 is exposed to electron beams from the electron beam generating array 238 of a first energy while a depositing region such as surface 217 is exposed to either no electron beams, or electron beams of a different energy than the etching region. One advantage of this configuration includes the ability to promote different chemical reactions concurrently in adjacent surface regions. For example, electron beams can be used to promote etching in one region and coating deposition in another region as shown in
An advantage of forming a coating concurrent to etching includes the ability to further enhance selectivity in an etching operation. In one embodiment, the coating serves as a sacrificial coating, and further protects the coated surface from etching. As discussed above, in one embodiment, selective etching is defined as a large difference in etch rate, with a material such as silicon etching, but at a much slower rate than another adjacent material such as silicon dioxide. The presence of a coating further reduces or eliminates any etching of the non selected material. Enhanced selectivity provides a number of advantages including the ability to form more detailed structures with sharper edge profiles, etc.
As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the coating contains both carbon and an amount of halogen such as fluorine. In one embodiment, a ratio of halogen to carbon is controlled to tailor the chemical and physical properties of the coating. Controlling the coating chemistry further enhances desired properties such as selective etching. For example, materials with a lower ratio of halogen to carbon provide better resistance to etching. In one embodiment, the ratio of halogen to carbon in the coating is controlled by further introducing a scavenger gas to the reaction chamber. In one embodiment, the scavenger gas is chosen to react with the halogen to form a byproduct gas that is removed from the reaction chamber by the vacuum system. In this way, the amount of halogen is reduced in the coating.
In one embodiment, the scavenger gas includes hydrogen gas (H2). In a carbon-fluorine gas example, hydrogen forms HF gas, and thus reduces the amount of fluorine available in the chamber to form in the coating. In one embodiment, a scavenger gas is introduced to remove other species. For example, if it is desirable to have a high ratio of halogen to carbon in a coating, a scavenger gas such as O2 can be introduced to preferentially remove carbon from the system, forming COx gasses.
In one embodiment, a noble gas is further introduced to the system. Examples of noble gasses includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. In one embodiment, the addition of a noble gas further enhances the dissociation of the gas species 220 from
A gas supply 316 is shown coupled to the reaction chamber 310. In one embodiment, the gas supply 316 provides one or more gas species in selected amounts. One gas includes a gas species to dissociate into etching and coating species. In selected embodiments, the gas supply also provides additional gasses such as scavenger gasses and/or noble gasses as discussed in embodiments above. In one embodiment, the gas supply includes controlling mechanisms and circuitry to function as an atomic layer deposition (ALD) system. For example, selected gasses can be supplied in pulses, and purge gasses or evacuation steps can be included between gas pulses. One of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure will recognize that ALD gas choice depends on the chemistry of the surface where layer deposition is desired.
In one embodiment, a plasma source 315 such as a remote plasma source is coupled to the reaction chamber 310. In one embodiment, the remote plasma source 315 provides a chemical species as discussed above to dissociate into etching and coating species.
In one embodiment, a detector 314 is further included in the system 300, such as a secondary electron detector. In one embodiment, the detector 314 is used to provide imaging capability to the system 300 such as in a scanning electron microscope configuration. In one embodiment, other detection capability is also included in detector 314 such as detection of elemental composition.
In one embodiment, the electron source 412 includes an electron beam generating array similar to embodiments discussed above. One example includes a carbon nanotube array. Selected embodiments using an electron beam generating array do not include scanning devices, and rather operate by actuating individual electron beam sources within the array to selectively expose portions of the workpiece surface to beams of various energies.
A detector 414 is shown coupled to the system 400. In one embodiment, the detector 414 includes a secondary electron detector as described above to detect secondary electrons 426 as shown in the Figure. In one embodiment, the detector 414 includes other detecting capability such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) detection systems, mass spectrometers, etc. for detecting and quantifying material composition.
A gas source 416 is shown coupled to the reaction chamber 410. As discussed in selected embodiments above, an example of a gas supplied by the gas source 416 includes a gas species to dissociate into one or more species that provide etching and coating. In one embodiment, one dissociated species both etches one region and coats another region. In selected embodiments, the gas source 416 provides gasses such as scavenger gasses and/or noble gasses as discussed in embodiments above. Specific gasses include, but are not limited to, H2, O2, noble gasses, and carbon and halogen gasses such as CHF3. In one embodiment, a tube or other directing structure 417 is included to better direct the gas or gasses over the workpiece 402.
A plasma source 415 such as a remote plasma source is also coupled to the reaction chamber 410 in one example. In one embodiment, the remote plasma source 415 provides a chemical species as discussed to dissociate into one or more species that provide etching and coating. In one embodiment, one dissociated species both etches one region and coats another region. One advantage of systems that include both a gas source and a plasma source includes increased density of reactive species. Systems with both a plasma source and an electron beam activated species can generate reactive species from the plasma, as well as through interactions with the electron beam.
Further, in selected chemical systems, reactive species may be unstable, and recombine before reacting with the workpiece surface 402. In one embodiment, an electron beam interaction helps maintain a density of reactive species provided by a plasma source.
Methods of processing semiconducting wafers, semiconductor devices, IC's, surface, etc. including electron beam techniques as described above may be implemented into a wide variety of electronic devices. Embodiments of these devices may include semiconductor memory, telecommunication systems, wireless systems, and computers. Further, embodiments of electronic devices may be realized as integrated circuits.
Peripheral devices 650 may include displays, additional storage memory, or other control devices that may operate in conjunction with controller 610. Alternatively, peripheral devices 650 may include displays, additional storage memory, or other control devices that may operate in conjunction with the controller 610 or memory 630, etc.
Memory 630 may be realized as a memory device containing structures formed by processes in accordance with various embodiments. It will be understood that embodiments are equally applicable to any size and type of memory circuit and are not intended to be limited to a particular type of memory device. Memory types include a DRAM, SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) or Flash memories. Additionally, the DRAM could be a synchronous DRAM commonly referred to as SGRAM (Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory), SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory), SDRAM II, and DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM), as well as Synchlink or Rambus DRAMs and other emerging DRAM technologies.
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement that is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, and that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Combinations of the above embodiments and other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon studying the above description. The scope of the present invention includes any other applications in which embodiment of the above structures and fabrication methods are used. The scope of the embodiments of the present invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
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|U.S. Classification
|216/37, 250/492.2, 438/723, 219/121.2, 438/719, 438/706, 219/121.17, 216/63, 216/59, 427/98.4, 216/67, 216/80, 216/79, 438/695, 438/758, 250/492.3, 438/710
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 14, 2006
Owner name: MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC., IDAHO
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Owner name: MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.,IDAHO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RUEGER, NEAL R.;WILLIAMSON, MARK J.;SANDHU, GURTEJ S.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060809 TO 20060810;REEL/FRAME:018201/0383
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Free format text: PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:038954/0001
Effective date: 20160426


text:
Diamox Sequels
Glaucoma: The 'Silent Thief' Begins to Tell Its Secrets »
"Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damage the optic nerve, a cable at the back of each eye that connects it to the brain. It affects more than 2.7 million people in the United States and more than 60 million worldwide. There are many forms of t"...
Read the Glaucoma: The 'Silent Thief' Begins to Tell Its Secrets article »
Diamox Sequels
Diamox Sequels Consumer
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Diamox
USES: Acetazolamide is used to prevent and reduce the symptoms of altitude sickness. This medication can decrease headache, tiredness, nausea, dizziness, and shortness of breath that can occur when you climb quickly to high altitudes (generally above 10,000 feet/3,048 meters). It is particularly useful in situations when you cannot make a slow ascent. The best ways to prevent altitude sickness are climbing slowly, stopping for 24 hours during the climb to allow the body to adjust to the new height, and taking it easy the first 1 to 2 days.
This drug is also used with other medications to treat a certain type of eye problem (open-angle glaucoma). Acetazolamide is a "water pill" (diuretic). It decreases the amount of fluid that can build up in the eye. It is also used to decrease a buildup of body fluids (edema) caused by congestive heart failure or certain medications. Acetazolamide can work less well over time, so it is usually used only for a short period.
It has also been used with other medications to treat certain types of seizures (petit mal and unlocalized seizures).
OTHER USES: This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.
Acetazolamide may also be used to treat periodic paralysis.
HOW TO USE: If you are taking the tablets, take this medication by mouth, usually 1 to 4 times daily or as directed by your doctor. If you are taking the long-acting capsules, take this medication by mouth, usually 1 or 2 times daily or as directed by your doctor. Swallow the long-acting capsules whole. Do not open, break, or chew the capsules. Doing so can destroy the long action of the drug and may increase side effects.
Acetazolamide may be taken with or without food. Drink plenty of fluids unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Your dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy.
To prevent altitude sickness, start taking acetazolamide 1 to 2 days before you start to climb. Continue taking it while you are climbing and for at least 48 hours after you have reached your final altitude. You may need to continue taking this medication while staying at the high altitude to control your symptoms. If you develop severe altitude sickness, it is important that you climb down as quickly as possible. Acetazolamide will not protect you from the serious effects of severe altitude sickness. (See also Precautions.)
If you are taking this drug for another condition (e.g., glaucoma, seizures), use this medication regularly as directed to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day. Taking your last dose in the early evening will help prevent you from having to get up in the middle of the night to urinate. Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions about your dosing schedule.
Do not increase or decrease your dose or stop using this medication without first consulting your doctor. Some conditions may become worse when this drug is suddenly stopped. Your dose may need to be gradually decreased.
When used for an extended period, this medication may not work as well and may require different dosing. Your doctor will be monitoring your condition. Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens (e.g., more frequent seizures).
This drug may reduce the potassium levels in your blood. Your doctor may recommend that you eat foods rich in potassium (e.g., bananas or orange juice) while you are taking this medication. Your doctor may also prescribe a potassium supplement for you to take during treatment. Consult your doctor for more information.
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text:
Bluefin tuna tagged in the Western Atlantic with electronic data recording tags are mixing on their feeding grounds but moving to distinct spawning grounds in the Western Atlantic and the Eastern Mediterranean.
These and other significant insights into the migrations, diving patterns, thermal biology and environmental preferences of the prized warm-blooded giants are described in a new study in the journal Science. The findings emerged from five years of electronic tagging by scientists with the Tuna Research and Conservation Center in Pacific Grove, California. The center is a joint project of Stanford's Hopkins Marine Station and the Monterey Bay Aquarium.
The tagging research – a collaboration of scientists from Stanford, the Aquarium and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) – was led by Barbara A. Block, the Charles and Elizabeth Prothro Professor in Marine Science at Stanford and lead author of the Aug. 17 Science study.
The majestic bluefin, which can grow to be 10 feet (305 centimeters) long and weigh 1,500 pounds (680 kilograms), is so commercially valuable that, in January, a single fish weighing 444 pounds (201 kilograms) sold at auction for $175,000 in the Tokyo seafood market. Atlantic bluefin in that market routinely sell for $8 to $45 per pound.
Commercial harvesting of bluefin and other Atlantic tuna is managed through catch quotas established by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) based in Madrid, Spain.
Transatlantic migrations
In the Science study, Block and her colleagues analyzed data recovered from electronic tags placed on Atlantic bluefin tuna off the East Coast of North America starting in 1996. Three hundred and seventy-seven (377) tags were deployed on fish weighing between 250 and 800 pounds (113 and 363 kilograms). To date, 49 have been recovered. Most of the electronic tags were "archival" tags that scientists surgically implanted inside each fish with the help of recreational fishers off the coast of North Carolina during the winter.
Thirty-one percent of the recovered electronic tags have been returned from the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea by commercial fishers from Italy, Morocco, Portugal and Japan. Sixty-nine percent have been recaptured in the Western Atlantic, primarily off Maine, Nova Scotia and Cape Cod, Mass., by American, Canadian and Japanese fishers.
Researchers discovered that Atlantic bluefin – considered overexploited in the Western Atlantic since 1982 – often are traveling throughout the entire North Atlantic and, in some cases, into the Mediterranean Sea. Tuna tagged in the Western Atlantic in most cases resided for a year or more on Western North Atlantic feeding grounds. While many fish remained in the west, some of the recaptured fish had migrated to the Eastern Atlantic or Mediterranean Sea. Individuals also migrated from the Western Atlantic to the east and back again in the same year.
Most of the fish examined showed at least one year of western residency traveling between the Carolinas and New England and back again to the original release location. The fidelity to these two locations is associated with high primary productivity and represents bluefin feeding aggregations. A third aggregation site is near the Flemish Cap – a section of the Atlantic seafloor just east of the Grand Banks off Canada's Newfoundland.
Researchers also reported that the western-tagged bluefin travel to distinct spawning grounds in the Gulf of Mexico or the Eastern Mediterranean.
"The results indicate western-tagged bluefin are vulnerable to fishing mortality from all Atlantic bluefin tuna fisheries," the authors write in Science. And, they add, tagging data emphasize "the need to protect both major eastern and western spawning regions, as they directly influence the western fishery."
This is an important consideration since the 2001 catch quota for Western Atlantic fisheries (2,500 metric tons or 5.5 million pounds) is one-twelfth the quota for the Eastern Atlantic fisheries (29,500 metric tons or 65 million pounds). Current management of the fishery by ICCAT assumes that catches involve only a low level of mixing between tunas from the Western and Eastern Atlantic.
ICCAT imposes strict quotas on fish caught in the Western Atlantic and much more liberal quotas on bluefin landed in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. The Western Atlantic management is aimed at recovering the breeding population to levels that produce "maximum sustainable yield. The Eastern Atlantic breeding population is considered to be in decline and overfished, although it is of greater overall abundance than the western breeding population.
According to the Science study, "The electronic tagging data indicate that mixing between the two management units exists at a higher level than ICCAT has incorporated into…stock assessments. However, movements to distinct breeding grounds are apparent, suggesting a mixing of stocks on feeding grounds and a separation to distinct breeding localities. Future assessment of stock status should evaluate the new information and reassess the management strategies applied to Atlantic bluefin tuna."
"From the data, it's clear there are two breeding populations of bluefin tuna that spend considerable time together on the rich Western North Atlantic feeding grounds," says Block. "Our results demonstrate that bluefin tuna are capable of ranging widely throughout the North Atlantic without regard to the stock boundary in the mid-Atlantic. That means efforts to bring about a recovery of bluefin tuna populations will require increased cooperation among all nations fishing for bluefin tuna.
"Importantly," she adds, "our data indicate that bluefin are sorting to distinct breeding grounds where efforts to protect the breeding aggregations should be increased."
Remarkable data
The deployment of electronic tags that can record and archive data eliminates the need to track individual fish acoustically from a ship. The tags collect data on depth, light and external and internal temperature every two minutes. They also use sunrise and sunset data with sea surface temperature to compute a daily location, yielding tens of thousands of data points.
More than 15,000 days of archival data have been collected in the past five years, and records on individual fish span as much as 3.6 years. Previously, the longest duration scientists had followed large open-ocean fish and obtained similar types of data was six days.
The research team also deployed pop-up satellite tags. These tags, which are attached externally to the fish, detach and float to the surface at a pre-programmed date. Data on depth, temperature and location were stored on the tag during the mission and transmitted back to the lab via the Argos environmental satellite system. Pop-up tags were deployed in New England, North Carolina and in the Gulf of Mexico.
The researchers demonstrated that bluefin dive to remarkable depths, at times exceeding the 3,281-foot (1000-meter) pressure sensors in the tags. Data from the tags show that bluefin spend most of their time closer to the surface, in the top 984 feet (300 meters).
Bluefin also display a remarkable range of temperature preferences, from near-freezing waters when feeding (37 F or 2.8 C) to very warm temperatures when breeding (86 F or 29.5 C). The Atlantic bluefin is one of only a handful of warm-blooded fishes. Block and her colleagues demonstrated that bluefin maintain a high internal temperature, around 77 F to 80 F (25 C to 26 C) even when swimming in the most frigid waters.
The researchers also reported the first descriptions of what they believe to be breeding behavior in giant tunas. Most surprising is that the spawning period occupies a short interval in the yearly activities -– less than one month. A unique behavioral repertoire recorded by the electronic tags suggests that the giant tunas breed at night in very warm waters, swimming up and down in the water column for hours. In daytime this behavior is not apparent.
Other co-authors of the Science study are:
* From Stanford: postdoctoral fellows Susanna B. Blackwell and Heidi Dewar; graduate students Andre Boustany and Steven L.H. Teo; and research technician Andreas Walli.
* From NMFS: Eric D. Prince.
* From the Monterey Bay Aquarium: Charles Farwell, Tom Williams, Andy Seitz and Doug Fudge. The research was primarily funded by NMFS, the Packard Foundation and the following organizations: National Science Foundation, Pew Foundation, MacArthur Foundation, the Disney Conservation Fund and the National Geographic Society. The Tag-A-Giant campaign also promoted individual sponsorships of tags.
This article was written by Ken Peterson of the Monterey Bay Aquarium.
Story Source:
Materials provided by Stanford University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
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text:
CHANNEL PARTNERS — United Network Services Inc. (UNSi) (Booth 8016 and an Executive Sponsor) has signed an agreement with ADVODA Communications as a new master agent, adding to its growing channel-partner program.
ADVODA specializes in technology consultation for the global enterprise with complex voice and data networking requirements. The company has more than 200 specialty sales partners nationwide, as well as direct customers.
The partnership allows ADVODA to access UNSi's network reach to deliver complex Internet solutions, MPLS, VPLS and Ethernet to their customers with multiple locations dispersed nationwide, which UNSi says its niche.
"Signing on ADVODA as a master agent reinforces the growth of our channel partner program," said Stephen John, SVP and chief revenue officer for UNSi, overseeing channel sales for the company. "We are thrilled to partner with ADVODA, a company whom we hold in the highest regard, both for their unparalleled customer focus and support and their highly reputable master agent program serving high caliber, customers and partners."
ADVODA leverages UNSi's carrier services including MPLS, based on UNSi's original MPLS Exchange Platform (MEP), VPLS, Carrier Ethernet, including Ethernet over Copper (EoC) and Ethernet over Fiber (EoF), and broadband. ADVODA is bundling managed services into offerings including Managed Router, Managed Firewall, Managed LAN and UNSi's IP Redundancy product Same IP Failover (SIF).
"Given our strong partnership of over four years with UNSi, we are excited to take the relationship to the next level as part of their emerging channel partner program," said Hilary Fox, president and COO of ADVODA. "UNSi has a progressive approach to technology. This approach is invaluable to ADVODA in developing total networking solutions for our customers."


text:
Browsing Documents by Author "Worcester (Mass.). Dept. of Public Works."
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Feasibility study for stormwater treatment for the Belmont Street drain in Worcester Environmental Design & Planning, inc.; Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Quality Engineering.; Worcester (Mass.). Dept. of Public Works. (Environmental Design & Planning, Inc., 1989-08)


text:
[Complete] Celestia awakens to see an empty world, white sandstone stretching the horizon. She wanders the world as she builds it from her imagination, filling it with life, but as time passes, the world that she created begins to seem like little more than a lucid dream, conjured from the dust.
- ...
So this is almost a prologue. I didn't want to call it one though because a few significant things happen in it (aside from—you know, the world being more or less created).
Also, as indicated by the [Alternate Universe] tag, I'm tossing cannon out of the window to create a slightly different world.
Sounds like something that may need the "Sad" (or something related to that) tag later on.
From what I can perceive from only the describtion, (I'm reading another fic right now :3), you focus a bit on the loneliness that Celestia & Luna may feel from creating everything themselves and seeing it as nothing more than a physical version of their imagination.
Worth a try later on... #32 in read later
Fascinating. Certainly this is intriguing and enjoyable thus far.
This. This is amazing. I'm reminded of this xkcd comic:
You've managed to really give me the sense that this actually happened, and the slow development of their personalities. Honestly, the only thing we don't know is where Tia came from, but that's never answered in most religions (where the deities came from, that is), so unless Discord is eternal, and decided to set up a little sandbox, and create a custodian for it, we'll never know.
Ooh, now I have the image of Discord's return as being two kids, squabbling over who gets to make the rules for whatever game they're making, and Luna's banishment being a timeout for trying to take control of the sandbox.
cool, nicely done
now a serious one,
your idea of how the MLP'suniverse began is very interesting, well writing and cuz its incomplete, has enough space for character development, sooo, I'll keep track
I actually had a lot of trouble with deciding how to tag this. It has dark and sad parts, but I didn't want to tag it as either since it doesn't have them as a constant mood, and it doesn't have a pivitol point that's extremely sad or dark. It really just touches both elements a little bit.
Honestly if I were to give this an accurate tag outside of fimfiction's tags, it would be [Fantasy], since that's what the story is through and through. Technically you could call just about any mlp fic fantasy (since the show itself is fantasy) but this one falls squarely under the tag.
Also I don't quite think it constitutes for an adventure.
Most certainly is this interesting.......I am enjoying the concepts being employed and the interaction between the two Equestrian Goddesses.
I see monumental potential in this fic.........
Simply amazing.
This is going to be in the featured box.
Called it.
I've been waiting a while for this, I hope it's as good as your other stories.
Slice of life is best, as u put there, but technically, it's both slice of life and adventure...
It's a creation story.
inb4 feature
This seems like a very interesting concept, I'm gonna have to read this later
This is honestly amazing. It's so beautiful in so many ways, I almost teared up while reading it, especially when Tia brought Luna into existence.
I'm REALLY looking forward to seeing more of this awesomeness.
Oh, my. This is not just good. This is awesome.
To the Featured box, NOW!
Commence read.
Comment: Guess that would be one of there first feuds. Glad it worked out. Seems that Luna also learned that she plays a different part in the creation process.
Nice. I keep finding myself at a loss for words, on how to describe how the chapters have effected me - other than, you know, these words. And these. And... I'll stop now.
I hate creation myths and such stories. Hate 'em, hate 'em, hate 'em.
This one impresses me. There's a lot of nice, subtle stuff at work here.
I don't always read Alternative Universes involving creation, but when I do, I read this piece. Seriously, its lovely. It is very emotional, yet seems like it holds many other things in store for the readers. Also congrats on EQD feature, it's how I found you !
Also, I'm...not...gonna....
Oh good job, I said I wasn't gonna cry.
Damn, this is so awesome. You are so awesome. Period. Why didn't I read this sooner?! Why did I just add it to my read later list?!
This is the first creation story I've ever read and so far, this isn't even coming close to a disappointment.
Keep up the great work!
This raises a rather interesting question. When does Chaos enter the world?
It feels like she can see further than she ever has before.
Referring to Celestia as It, huh? No but really, this one sentence seems to be off from the way you wrote everything else. Or maybe it's just me, I dunno.
Welp, these are coming out pretty fast. How big is your buffer for the story? Is it all written already or is it just the first couple chapters here and then we have to wait a bit for the rest?
And approximately how long do you expect it to be?
This is one of the more interesting stories I've read here by the way, and it certainly doesn't hinder it either that it is very well written. I will be awaiting your future updates eagerly. I can understand why you feel mad at the feature system as well, this story deserves a spot up there.
I can see how Nightmare Moon can come into being, but I'm less certain as to why she transforms herself like she did in canon. After all, doing half of the work to create all the ponies, and virtually all of the attention going to her sister has to hurt, even if I can't agree with the methods she took/will take.
Also, is Discord essentially going to be another Luna? Or is he more similar to Celestia, and stumbles across their world? Or did he create Tia, giving her a blank slate just to see what she'd do with it?
MOAR. Unless spacing them out like this makes it easier for you to continue writing at your current pace. In which case, keep up the awesome work!
Finally got aroud to reading this... And wow..
It's unlike anything I've ever read before... I have so much to say yet so little.
He isn't referring to Celestia as 'It'. He's referring to the 'feeling' as It.
She walks out into the water to stand next to Celestia, and stares at the intently.
I think you missed a word there
I'm guestimating around 9 chapters. But I might choose to incorporate other elements into the plot to make the last third of the fic longer.
She suddenly stops and turns to look at the, her eyes taking a more somber tone.
I think you missed a word here.
That means we get at least a couple of of chapters of ancient Equestrian history I hope. I'd imagine the creation itself probably ends in chapter five or six, where I suppose the rise of civilization takes over. Or perhaps Discord enters the picture to mess things up? I look forward to finding out anyway.
It certainly does read like an Acid trip. That vision/dream Celestia had me freaking out. Also, I love this. It seems like we have a few more chapters of awesome before you end this, so I wish you good luck.
hmm... y hasint this been featured. i dont get it i mean this is good, realy good.
Great story! I think the feature box is busted though, this sooooooo deserves to be up there.
Awesome. This deserves to be featured! Not just once. Several times.
soundslikeponies, you are amazing. You never fail to disappoint. Well done, once again. I expect more. When this is done, I'll have my fingers crossed for a sequel.
Something's telling me we haven't seen the last of that ash pony.
This is truly an awesome story, and I can't wait to read more.
Chaos is already present in the form of their dispute.
My only problem with this chapter (and so far story) is that Celestia created the moon, I think Luna should have.
This story needs to be the next "thing", you know what I mean? (no not in a perverted way)
Alright, slp. I shall keep an eye on this.
This chapter was particularly ominous.
That was....how do I even describe the amazingness of this?
Just the premise reminds me of a story I read on here about Celestia after the end as it were. Everyone but her was dead, the world a burning husk and stuff, very sad story. Dunno how this'll turn out but I'll give it a try.
This story is magnificent! The descriptions and imagery are so vivid and clear, it's just simply beautiful!
Definitely fav'd!
These descriptions of Celestia and Luna, their world, and what they create are so detailed, it makes each little action or scene feel alive, even moreso than the window i look out of next to my computer. I can just picture exactly what happens in my mind and it's just so clear and resolute in it's beauty. I'm certainly looking forward to more of these vivid scenes.