text:
Asynchronous callbacks from native Win32 code
Maarten Struys
PTS Software
December 2003
Applies to:
Microsoft® .NET Compact Framework 1.0
Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET 2003
Microsoft eMbedded Visual C++® 4.0
Summary: In the .NET Compact Framework newsgroup several people have asked questions about passing delegates to native Win32 DLL's to be used as asynchronous callbacks to P/Invoke back into managed code after an unmanaged function wants to report back to its caller. Unfortunately, passing delegates to unmanaged code is not supported by the .NET Compact Framework. As an alternative, the .NET Compact Framework contains the MessageWindow class. This class can be used to pass Windows messages from unmanaged code to managed code. The functionality of MessageWindow is great if you need to pass Windows messages to a managed control. In certain solutions however, using the MessageWindow class is somewhat artificial and not a true replacement for delegates. With a little extra coding effort it is possible to setup an event handler mechanism that exposes itself to the managed application developer as if true delegates exist to call back from unmanaged code into managed code. In this article we provide you with the details of this mechanism. (15 printed pages)
Download sample.
Unmanaged code to interface with MessageWindow
Setting up a MessageWindow in managed code
Unmanaged code to interface with managed code
Consuming the asynchronous data inside managed code
About the Author
Additional Resources
Suppose we have an application that needs to perform some specific (UI) action upon reception of an asynchronous event that is raised in unmanaged code. We want as much of our functionality to be written in managed code. In an ideal world, we would want to callback from unmanaged code into managed code whenever the asynchronous event is raised. The preferred way of realizing this would be by supplying a delegate method or an event handler to the unmanaged code. Since this approach is not supported in the .NET Compact Framework, we need a work around that simulates this behavior.
To explain asynchronous callback mechanisms we create a simple unmanaged DLL containing a thread that wakes up at random. On waking up, the thread passes some information to whomever is listening. We also have a managed application that just displays the information received from the unmanaged DLL. In general, polling is a bad option, especially if we run on a battery powered Windows CE device like a Pocket PC. Batteries are sparse so we want our application to consume as little processor time as possible. Instead we want to make use of a callback mechanism, in which the unmanaged thread informs the managed application that new information is available and that the user interface requires an update. The documented way of realizing this kind of functionality is by making use of the MessageWindow class. As Alex Yakhnin explains in his article "Using the Microsoft .NET Compact Framework MessageWindow Class", the MessageWindow class is very helpful in situations where you need access to managed controls to be able to send Windows messages to them. However, in the scenario we are talking about, both the managed application and the unmanaged DLL are not aware of Windows messages. If the only possible way to pass asynchronous information between the DLL and the application would be to make use of Windows messages, this would almost be a step back in time in my personal opinion. In a managed world we were finally relieved from Windows messages. And yet, to pass information back and forth between unmanaged and managed code in an asynchronous manner, we suddenly need Windows messages again. That is the reason behind the here presented alternative solution.
To concentrate on the mechanism itself the sample code is very simple and straight forward. Inside an unmanaged DLL, written in Microsoft eMbedded Visual C++ a worker thread is created that sleeps for a random amount of time. On waking up, the thread passes the sleeping time to potential listeners. To compare the use of a MessageWindow with a solution making use of an event handler we show code samples for both approaches. For simplicity reasons the unmanaged DLL contains separate worker threads for both the MessageWindow and the event handler solution. The user interface for the sample application is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 - The application running in the PocketPC 2003 emulator
Unmanaged code to interface with MessageWindow
The unmanaged DLL is written in Microsoft eMbedded Visual C++ 4.0. The thread feeding the MessageWindow is shown in Listing 1.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // RandomWndDataFeeder is used to pass data to the caller, whenever this worker thread has // data available. The data is passed in a Windows message and send to the "Window" for // which we have stored the Window handle during StartWndCommunication. // // Any "Window" interested in these messages must capture them in its WndProc. // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// DWORD WINAPI RandomWndDataFeeder (LPVOID lpParameter) { srand( (unsigned)GetTickCount() ); while (! g_bWndReady) { DWORD dwSleepTime = rand() % 10000; if (WaitForSingleObject(g_hWndTerminateEvent, dwSleepTime) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) { wsprintf(g_pszWndSource, _T("Awake after %d.%3.3d s."), dwSleepTime / 1000, dwSleepTime % 1000); SendMessage(g_hWndManaged, WM_ASYNCDATA_RECEIVED, 0, (LPARAM)g_pszWndSource); } else { g_bWndReady = TRUE; } } return 0L; }
Listing 1 - Worker thread sending messages to a listener
The worker thread simply sleeps a random time, with a maximum of 10 seconds. Whenever
WaitForSingleObject returns with
WAIT_TIMEOUT, another sleeping period has passed and we send the number of seconds slept to a Window, identified by the
g_hWndManaged Window handle. To be able to exit this worker thread
g_hWndTerminateEvent might be set.
To be able to start and stop generating Windows messages, two separate functions are available, that should be called from within managed code using P/Invoke. To start message generation, we need to pass a Window Handle to be able to send messages, and we create the worker thread.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // StartWndCommunication is used to create all necessary synchronisation objects, allocate // memory and starts the worker thread that immediately starts collecting data at random. // // StartDataRetrieval can be called from unmanaged code or via P/Invoke from managed code. // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// RANDOMDATA_API void StartWndCommunication (HWND hWnd) { g_hWndManaged = hWnd; g_bWndReady = FALSE; g_hWndTerminateEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL); g_hWndThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0L, RandomWndDataFeeder, NULL, 0L, NULL); g_pszWndSource = new wchar_t[80]; }
Listing 2 - Start generating Windows messages
To stop message generation, we P/Invoke to the following function that sets an event to terminate the worker thread and releases allocated resources.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // StopWndCommunication cleans up resources and forces the RandomWndDataFeeder API to fall // through its WaitForSingleObject to make sure to terminate it. Since we don't know in // case of termination if the passed Windows handle is still valid, we don't inform the // caller about termination. // // StopDataRetrieval can be called from unmanaged code or via P/Invoke from managed code. // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// RANDOMDATA_API void StopWndCommunication (void) { SetEvent(g_hWndTerminateEvent); WaitForSingleObject(g_hWndThread, INFINITE); CloseHandle(g_hWndTerminateEvent); if (g_pszWndSource != NULL) { delete g_pszWndSource; g_pszWndSource = NULL; } }
Listing 3 - Stop generating Windows messages
Setting up a MessageWindow in managed code
To send messages to a managed application we have to provide the application with a Window Handle. This is exactly what the
MessageWindow class is intended for. Simply speaking the
MessageWindow class encapsulates a Window Handle. It allows communication between unmanaged code and managed code by means of Windows messages. To use a
MessageWindow, we derive a class from
MessageWindow and store the main form instance in this class to be able to call methods of it on the reception of Windows messages. In our class derived from
MessageWindow we override the
WndProc method to be able to act on particular messages. Upon receiving a
WM_ASYNCDATA_RECEIVED message we retrieve the message parameters and call a member function of the main form to update the user interface. Since Windows messages are not capable of passing entire strings, we need to pass a pointer to a string containing the relevant information for our application. To retrieve the string from the message's
LParam parameter we need a pointer, thus using unsafe code. In our sample we use
SendMessage from unmanaged code to pass information to managed code.
SendMessage immediately processes the message in managed code (as if it is a function call). This implies it is not necessary to protect the data we want to pass against being overwritten. It would have been possible to make use of
PostMessage to pass the message to managed code. In this case, the message would have been placed in a message queue, allowing the unmanaged thread to immediately continue executing. In this case special precautions against overwriting data to be passed from unmanaged to managed code would have been necessary.
/// <summary> /// The MyMessageWnd class is used to receive Windows messages in an actual Windows procedure. /// </summary> public class MyMessageWnd : MessageWindow { private const int WM_USER = 0x400; private const int WM_ASYNCDATA_RECEIVED = WM_USER + 1; private Form1 destinationForm; /// <summary> /// Constructor of MyMessageWnd. The object stores the "owner" of the MessageWindow /// class, to be able to obtain a Windows handle for that particular owner. /// </summary> public MyMessageWnd(Form1 destinationForm) { this.destinationForm = destinationForm; } /// <summary> /// Windows procedure trapping the messages send from unmanaged code /// </summary> protected override void WndProc(ref Message msg) { switch (msg.Msg) { case WM_ASYNCDATA_RECEIVED: unsafe { string str = new string((char *)msg.LParam.ToPointer()); destinationForm.TakeAction(str); break; } } base.WndProc(ref msg); } }
Listing 4 - Inherited MessageWindow to receive Windows messages
In cases where we want to capture messages that are sent by the operating system to managed controls, the
MessageWindow provides us with a great mechanism to do so. However, the necessity to deal with Windows messages when we only want to pass some information to a managed application is not ideal. It would be much more natural in a managed world if we would not need knowledge about Windows messages at all.
Unmanaged code to interface with managed code
Similar to the previous code we again have a worker thread in unmanaged code. This time instead of sending a Windows message, the thread sets an event whenever data is available. A helper function in unmanaged code simply waits for the event to be set. When we P/Invoke from managed code to this helper function in unmanaged code, data can be passed from unmanaged to managed code in an asynchronous manner. Listing 5 shows the worker thread in unmanaged code. This worker thread contains additional synchronization functionality to make sure that data to be passed to managed code is not overwritten by the worker thread, since the helper function runs on another (managed) thread.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // This is the interface from unmanaged to managed code using a simulated delegate approach // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // RandomDataFeeder is just a thread, waiting random (but acurately) on time-outs. // Whenever WaitForSingleObject returns with a time-out we set an event that the function // GetData is waiting for. GetData can be invoked from unmanaged code or via P/Invoke from // managed code. Note that we don't use polling at all to keep the processor available for // other duties (and in case of battery operated devices to consume as little power as // possible). // // When the g_hTerminateEvent is set, we are informed that this thread can terminate // execution. In this case we set one more event for GetData to make sure that nobody // remains waiting for data that will never come anymore. // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// DWORD WINAPI RandomDataFeeder (LPVOID lpParameter) { srand( (unsigned)GetTickCount() ); while (! g_bReady) { DWORD dwSleepTime = rand() % 10000; // wakeup at least once every 10 seconds if (WaitForSingleObject(g_hTerminateEvent, dwSleepTime) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) { // Create a global string, containing the sleeping time. // Because the same string is used to pass information to a listener as well, // we built a critical section around it. EnterCriticalSection(&cs); wsprintf(g_pszSource, _T("I slept for %d.%3.3d sec."), dwSleepTime / 1000, dwSleepTime % 1000); LeaveCriticalSection(&cs); SetEvent(g_hEvent); // Inform the 'listener' that data is available. } else { // If we receive an actual event it is time to terminate this thread. g_bReady = TRUE; EnterCriticalSection(&cs); *g_pszSource = '\0'; LeaveCriticalSection(&cs); // Set g_hEvent for one last time to allow the listener to continue SetEvent(g_hEvent); } } return 0L; }
Listing 5 - Worker thread passing asynchronous data to a listener
The helper function simply waits until new data is available from the worker thread. This function can be called from either managed or unmanaged code. It blocks execution until the
g_hEvent is set, indicating that new data is available to be passed to the caller of this function. In effect this means that the thread on which this function is executed will block until new data is available. The data is copied to a buffer, provided by the caller to guarantee that data will not be overwritten whenever the worker thread wakes up again. To make this mechanism full proof, the global data buffer inside the DLL is protected by a critical section so the worker thread can not overwrite the data before it is copied to the destination buffer. The simplest solution would be to P/Invoke this function from a Form in managed code, but since this function is blocking, that would result in a non responsive user interface in managed code as long as we are waiting for data.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // GetData is used to pass data to the caller, whenever the worker thread has data available. // // GetData can be called from unmanaged code or via P/Invoke from managed code. // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// RANDOMDATA_API BOOL GetData (wchar_t *lpDestination, int iDestinationSize) { WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent, INFINITE); if (g_pszSource != NULL) { EnterCriticalSection(&cs); wcsncpy(lpDestination, g_pszSource, iDestinationSize - 1); LeaveCriticalSection(&cs); *(lpDestination+iDestinationSize) = '\0'; } else { *lpDestination = '\0'; } return TRUE; }
Listing 6 - Function that blocks until new, asynchronous data is available
Code to create the worker thread and to terminate the worker thread is omitted in this article, but the full source code of the sample application is available for download.
Consuming the asynchronous data inside managed code
To be able to receive asynchronous data from unmanaged code and to pass it to a control on a
Form, we have created a class called
MyBroadcaster. This class contains a separate managed worker thread that P/Invokes to the unmanaged function
GetData that is shown in listing 6. When new data is available, this thread wakes up in
GetData and after copying the data we return to managed code. Inside the managed member function
CheckForData event handlers will be called when they are signed up to listen to events, passed by
AsyncDataEventArgs. If no event handler is signed up to receive data, we simply immediately return to unmanaged code to wait for more data. Event handlers listening to these events must have the following signature:
public delegate void AsyncDataEventHandler (object source, UnmanagedCodeEventArgs e); public event AsyncDataEventHandler OnUnmanagedCodeHandler;
AsyncDataEventArgs is simply derived from
EventArgs. It contains a placeholder for the received data as well as a property to access the data. A simplified version of
MyBroadcaster is shown in listing 7.
/// <summary> /// The actual receiver of asynchronous "callbacks" from unmanaged code. /// This class listens to unmanaged code and broadcasts events upon unmanaged /// activity to its managed listeners. /// </summary> public class MyBroadcaster : IDisposable { private bool disposed = false; private bool bDone = false; public delegate void AsyncDataEventHandler (object source, AsyncDataEventArgs e); public event AsyncDataEventHandler OnAsyncDataHandler; /// <summary> /// Constructor of MyBroadcaster class. In the constructor we first activate /// the unmanaged DLL (in which a thread is collecting data for us at random. /// Then a managed worker thread is started that waits for data from the unmanaged /// DLL and passes it on to any event handler that is interested in the data. /// </summary> public MyBroadcaster() { UnmanagedAPI.StartDataRetrieval(); Thread workerThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(CheckForData)); workerThread.Start(); } /// <summary> /// This is the worker thread of the MyBroadcaster class. After construction /// of the object this class runs continuously, until MyBroadcaster is disposed. /// The worker thread P/Invokes into unmanaged code to GetData. Inside GetData /// execution is blocked until new (asynchronous) data is available. If data is /// available and if we have a listener (event handler), we pass the data on. Note /// that CheckForData remains active (in combination with the unmanaged DLL), even /// if there are no listeners for data. /// </summary> private void CheckForData() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(80); while (! bDone) { UnmanagedAPI.GetData(sb, 80); if (sb.Length != 0) { AsyncDataEventArgs e = new AsyncDataEventArgs (sb.ToString()); if (OnAsyncDataHandler != null) { OnAsyncDataHandler(this, e); } } } } }
Listing 7 - MyBroadcaster class
Even though an extra thread is needed, in comparison to the solution using a
MessageWindow, the beauty of this approach is that we can now inform our user interface about new available data using an event handler. Using event handlers assures loose coupling between data provider and data consumer. It is even possible to have multiple subscribers to the same event without having to change the code of
MyBroadcaster. Especially with the upcoming
Generics, it is probably possible to turn this class into a true generic solution, call it a pattern, ready for use with all kinds of asynchronous callbacks from either managed or unmanaged code.
In the form hosting this class, we simply instantiate
MyBroadcaster and add or remove event handlers to take action upon reception of data, received from the unmanaged worker thread.
/// <summary> /// Start capturing asynchronous events from unmanaged code using a delegate. /// First we check if our worker thread (to be found in the MyBroadcaster class) /// is running. If not, we instantiate a new object which creates a worker thread /// in the constructor. /// Then we add an event handler that is called whenever the worker thread receives /// an event from unmanaged code. /// </summary> public void RunWithPInvoke() { if (mb == null) { mb = new MyBroadcaster(); } mb.OnAsyncDataHandler += new MyBroadcaster.AsyncDataEventHandler(OnNewData); } /// <summary> /// To terminate the reception of asynchronous events, simply remove our event handler. /// The worker thread can continue to run, since other event handlers might still be /// interested in asynchronous events from unmanaged code. /// </summary> public void StopRunningWithPInvoke() { mb.OnAsyncDataHandler -= new MyBroadcaster.AsyncDataEventHandler(OnNewData); }
Listing 8 - Instantiating MyBroadcaster and adding, removing event handlers
The event handler itself is very simple and straight forward. It receives the data to be shown to the user as part of the
/// <summary> /// Event handler that is called whenever new data is received from unmanaged code. /// The date itself is stored in the UnmanagedCodeEventArgs /// </summary> private void OnNewData(object source, AsyncDataEventHandler e) { listBox1.Items.Add(e.ReceivedData); listBox1.SelectedIndex = listBox1.Items.Count - 1; }
Listing 9 - The event handler, acting upon received data
Using this approach to callback from unmanaged code into managed code gives us a clean architecture, which closely resembles the use of true delegates. On the downside we need an extra managed thread to set up this mechanism, but since creating a thread is really easy by means of the .NET Compact Framework this is not a big drawback. Not having to deal with Windows messages is a big advantage, since we are not much aware of Windows messages in a managed environment anyway.
About the Author
Maarten Struys works at PTS Software where he is responsible for the real-time and embedded competence centre. Maarten is an experienced Windows (CE) developer, having worked with Windows CE since its introduction. Since 2000, Maarten has worked with managed code in .NET environments. He is also a freelance journalist for the two leading embedded systems development magazines in the Netherlands. He recently opened a website with information about .NET in the embedded world at www.dotnetfordevices.com. Maarten has professionally evaluated the real-time behavior of the .NET Compact Framework, using a mix of managed and unmanaged code in combination with Windows CE .NET 4.1. The whitepaper on this subject was awarded by Microsoft with the WinHEC 2003 Whitepaper Award earlier this year.
Additional Resources
For more information about Windows CE .NET, see the Windows Embedded Web site.
For more information about smart device development, see the MSDN Mobile and Embedded Developer Center.
For more information about Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET, see the Visual Studio Product information site.
Backgrounds, articles, FAQ's en code samples using the .NET Compact Framework can be found on the OpenNETCF website.


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Inez V. Schneider
Inez V. Schneider, age 91, resident of Brainerd, died Monday, Dec. 19, 2011, at Good Samaritan Society Bethany.
Services will be held 1 p.m. on Wednesday, Dec. 28, 2011, at Good Samaritan Society-Bethany Chapel in Brainerd. Visitation will begin at 12:30 p.m. at Bethany.
Arrangements by Nelson-Doran Funeral Home and Crematory in Brainerd.

subset: commoncrawl


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A year ago, Romney went on record saying he wanted to kill FEMA and privatize national disaster relief programs. Today, Republican governors and mayors all along the East Coast are begging for help from FEMA, which Obama has beefed up since George Bush's Katrina debacle and is now prepared to offer prompt and well organized assistance to disaster victims. The private sector has never been and will never be able to reliably provide programs of this scale.
Fact check: exactly what did Romney say about FEMA: Web Link
After a week of denials by Romney leading up to the hurricane, Romney is now saying that FEMA is a vital Federal government program. Is a flip-flopper like this someone we want to lead our nation? What program will he cut at the beginning of his term, then find out we really needed later when an emergency occurs?


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Permaculture Farm
In 2008 the Ranch began to shift more of its focus to food production. Since then we've added hens, hundreds of fruit trees, thousands of nitrogen-fixing trees, hundreds of additional square feet of garden space, a thriving nursery, many linear feet of earthworks, and various water and nutrient cycling systems. Many of these improvements have been designed and implemented using permaculture practices with the goal of meeting human needs using techniques that harmonize with ecological patterns.
Permaculture is sustainable land use design. As a design science it is based on ecological and biological principles, often using patterns that occur in nature to maximize efficiency and minimize work. Permaculture aims to create stable, productive systems that provide for human needs, harmoniously integrating the land with its inhabitants. The ecological processes of plants, animals, their nutrient cycles, climatic factors and weather cycles are all part of the picture. Inhabitants' needs are provided for using proven technologies for food, energy, shelter and infrastructure. Elements in a system are viewed in relationship to other elements, where the outputs of one element become the inputs of another. Within a Permaculture system, work is minimized, "wastes" become resources, productivity and yields of all kinds increase, and environments are restored. Permaculture principles can be applied to any environment, at any scale from dense urban settlements to individual homes, from farms to entire regions.
The method was scientifically developed by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren and their associates during the 1970s in a series of publications. The word Permaculture is described by Mollison as a portmanteau of permanent agriculture. This later came to be permanent-culture. The Permaculture Design Certification course or PDC was developed as an intensive multi-week training to disseminate Mollison's knowledge and ideas. The intent is that, by training individuals in a core set of universal design principles, those individuals can design their own environments and build increasingly self-sufficient human settlements. Ones that reduce society's reliance on industrial systems of production and distribution, which Mollison identified as fundamentally and systematically destroying Earth's ecosystems.
Rancho Mastatal offered its first Permaculture Design Course in July of 2010. It was a great success that we've replicated each year since. To keep abreast of our Permaculture offerings, please see our workshop page.
Farm manager and permaculture instructor, Scott Gallant has been featured on the Permaculture Voices podcast and writes for Permaculture News.
The following series of articles highlight the details of our agroforestry systems. They were produced as part of a three part series on tropical orchard establishment techniques and concepts.
Part 1: Our goals, layout strategies and water management.
Part 2: Our approach for building soil fertility.
Part 3: Species selection choices for our site.
Today we work with a large network of practitioners, farms, nurseries, and homesteaders around Costa Rica to source materials, create markets, share ideas, and build community. Many of those projects have been compiled in through the Costa Rica Farm Network google map.
We collect about 35 eggs daily. This provides the kitchen with a great deal of locally harvested protein. The hens also provide us with an incredible source of fertilizer for our food systems and keep vegetable eating bugs and termites at bay.
We've planted hundreds of new fruit trees since early-2009. These species include jackfruit, durian, salak palm, pulasan, nispero, grapefruit, avocado, peach palm, rambutan, breadfruit and many, many more.
We began overhauling our gardens in 2009 with a focus on increased food production. We've added dozens of new edible species over the years and continue to increase the percentage of food that we're eating straight from the Ranch and other community farms.


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I was 13 Years old when I acquired my first collie. "Patches", was a blue merle daughter of Ch. Tokalon Winter Shadows. It was then that I met Mrs Elisabeth Browning of the famous Tokalon Kennels in West Hurley, Ny.
Mrs Browning became my inspiration, mentor and the joy of my often visits to the kennel. A life-long relationship continued until her death in 1984, just hours after my visit at her side. She was 91 years old.
Volumes could be written and have been attesting to her brilliance as an artist, breeder, judge, educator and a significant influence to the canine community.
Mrs Browning was a woman of few words or flattering conversation, but when she spoke, her words were memorable. Two of the most important to me were: " 'Junia', you have an eye for type" (I was a high scorer on my UVM cattle judging team). Also, when she presented me with her charcoal drawing of the remarkable Ch. Tokalon Storm Cloud. Her brief comment was, "If they're going to remember the Tokalon Collies, you'll have to do it."
It's a challenge that's still being met. My first litter, sired by Ch. Tokalon By Storm, was born in 1950. One of these pups was purchased by Mrs Hilda Rickenbough of Bannerblu Kennels. I kept "Leading Lady" who was later bred to Storm Clouds Reflection producing a beautiful blue merle female, "Aliece". They were the early showing days.
I later purchased Tokalon Lovely Dream and Tokalon Evening Majesty. This was my foundational beginning and an unbroken female line has existed these many years under the Harmony prefix. Outside stud dogs were introduced from Paradice, Royal Rock, Clarion and Marnus Kennels.
A beautiful tri, Harmony Lovely Donna should have finished her Ch. title but my personal life was never compatible with what was required to be successful in this arena. Nevertheless, through my years as a student (UVM & Rutgers BS, MS+) teacher (NJ, MA, NY) employee (NE Selective Breeding Assoc., Eastern AI) and pastor (The New and Living Way), I was never separated from my beautiful collies or later, cockers. Much was happening at Tokalon also in Mrs Brownings aging years.
Considering my pastoral duties and family responsibilities, I allowed my judging license to expire after my CC of CONN assignment in 1973. However, my breeding activities did not lesson and I maintained a kennel of 40 dogs for many years.
These have been very rewarding years as the development of what became known as the "Canine Ministry". Many opportunities to share and teach Scripture, pray for specific needs of people and their pets, has increased friendships.
The volume of letters and testimonies of individuals, as well as the praise and appreciation for the love and companionship that beautiful dogs have brought to families, now fill many notebooks.
Breeding dogs is a people business and I am happy to say that my life has been enriched by every individual who knows that a Harmony Collie is "of beauty and spirit".


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A group of politically connected men, who were behind bars after their alleged involvement in a daylight shootout in a bustling market here in February, were apparently having a gala time in jail before their acquittal in the main case led to their release earlier this week.
Clicking pictures with phones and cameras that are legally not allowed inside the jail, the men, purportedly associated with the Youth Akali Dal (YAD), got privileges not permitted.
The photos, said to be from the Nabha jail, are exclusively with Hindustan Times through a source.
In several of these, the accused are seen posing in groups, many of these showing them having food. In one, a relative of an accused can be seen posing with the group inside the barracks.
It was after a February 27 clash between two YAD factions, which left six persons injured, that 34 persons were arrested from both sides.
While the group led by Kaka Grewal was in Nabha jail, those from a group led by Kulwinder Singh Kinda were in Ludhiana jail.
Cross-cases had been registered under sections 307 for attempt to murder and other provisions of the Indian Penal Code. While this main case fell through as the groups turned hostile after an apparent compromise, the case under the Arms Act remains.
But the photographs of their stay in jail show how rules were broken while they were in custody.
Reportedly an outcome of old rivalry, the clash saw the men fire gunshots at each other, chase each other while brandishing swords; and they even entered some houses, including that of senior Akali leader and for mer Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC) president Jagdev Singh Talwandi.
Two cars that were used by the accused were seized from the spot while other vehicles were seized later. The impounded Toyota Etios and Hyundai Accent sedans had dozens of bullet piercings. Area residents said at least 170 bullets were fired.
SP Khanna, jail superintendent of the Ludhiana central jail, said the pictures were not of his jail premises.
"Some of the accused were lodged in Ludhiana jail while the others were at Nabha jail," he underlined. But Joga Singh, superintendent of the Nabha jail, also claimed that the pictures were not clicked at his jail.


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Significant change is coming at board level for New Zealand Cricket.
Chairman Chris Moller and three other board members are resigning and a different system of appointing the board is in place as part of a new constitution, approved at a special general meeting yesterday.
Moller, who has been chairman for the past three years, prominent radio figure Bill Francis, Sir John Hansen and New Zealand's 2015 World Cup organising committee boss Therese Walsh, are not seeking re-election.
The other three, Greg Barclay, Stuart Heal and Don Mackinnon, have signalled they want to remain, but must seek reappointment. The board will come out of recommendations from the appointments panel to NZC's 22 districts and six major assoc-iations. Three of the eventual eight will be up for re-election each year.
That panel is chaired by former international spinner and NZC president Stephen Boock, and includes Sport New Zealand nomination Sir John Wells and chairmen of three of the six major associations - Rex Smith (Auckland), Murray Hughes (Otago) and Lachlan Muldowney (Northern Districts).
The latter three will rotate each year with their counterparts from Canterbury, Wellington and Central Districts.
Another special general meeting on September 19 will usher in the new board, and choose Moller's replacement. Boock believes the constitutional change is overdue, brings a greater transparency and re-engages with the cricket community.
The old system meant individuals had to be nominated by an association. Now anyone is free to put their name forward, without the need for association backing.
Over the years elements of the constitution had been adapted, clauses adjusted, Boock said. But by 2011 it was felt the appointments panel was too far removed from the core of New Zealand cricket.
"We were losing the connection. We weren't getting enough people putting their names forward because of the restrictive process in the constitution," he said.
Boock hopes yesterday's developments will remove much of the clutter. The work took a year and a half - "it wasn't just patching up the old thing, it was starting again" - and he's anticipating, given the clamour from various quarters for more cricket people to be involved in the running of the game, a large degree of interest.
"There's a lot of people out there in cricket who would be outstanding on the board. We've got to hope we get outstanding applicants and I think we will," Boock said.
He's expecting more than 100 applicants. Qualities the panel will look for? Cricket knowledge and experience, people possessing business acumen, good strategic thinkers and understanding of governance.
With the panel having a majority of cricket-centric people, "we are going to get what the members of New Zealand cricket want", Boock added.
Choosing the board
• An appointments panel will recommend who should be on the New Zealand Cricket board.
• That panel of five includes three major association chairmen, who will rotate with the other three association bosses each year.
• Anyone can apply for a place on the eight-person board, which replaces the old system of having to be nominated by a major association.
• Three of the current board members are resigning, along with chairman Chris Moller, effective from September 19, when NZC will meet to endorse the appointments panel recommendations.
• Board members may be paid - they are not at present - depending on approval from NZC members.


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|11th March 2013, 07:44 PM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Sep 2004
Location: Belgrade, Serbia
"... higly specified ..." - now, THERE'S a can of worms.
I can't even remember all the times I was let down by higly to extremely well specified products. I realized in the late 70ies that specification have, practically speaking, nothing to do with sound quality.
An ultra low THD and IM spec would suggest that the amp sounds good, yet far too many such highly specified amps don't sound good and involving at all. It's not just getting the specs, it's much more HOW you get them.
Experience has taught me that if a device uses wild amplification factors and lots of global NFB, chances are it'll sound shut down, dark and/or bland.
The other extreme, no global NFB, sounds much better, but also not right - I have yet to hear any such product which does not sound sort of unfinished, short of the mark, a little loose.
It seems that in audio, as in life, it's the golden middle that gets the prize.
Per Aspera Ad Astra.
|11th March 2013, 07:50 PM
diyAudio Member
for instance, middle women leave me cold it's the crazy, reckless type that gets me going. to each his own
we all love a good ol' stereotype until it's against us
|11th March 2013, 08:46 PM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Sep 2004
Location: Belgrade, Serbia
I don't know what a "middle woman" looks like.
Per Aspera Ad Astra.
|11th March 2013, 10:39 PM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: May 2007
As I sometimes say, the right amount of feedback is the right amount of feedback. People who believe that 'none' must be best (however poor the amp), or that 'lots' must be best (to hide a poor amp), are both missing the plot. Sometimes 'none' is the right answer. Sometimes 'lots' is the right answer.
However, I am sometimes suspicious of claims that high feedback amps are bland or clinical. I wonder whether such folk are merely expressing a preference for a little distortion with their music. Too much feedback would actually lead to either instability (or at least ringing) or sharp clipping; neither of these would sound bland.
|12th March 2013, 07:51 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Sep 2004
Location: Belgrade, Serbia
Think back a few months to the example I named, and supplied its schematic diagram, the German made LAS power amp. It is truly an outstandinding example of a strangely designed amp, which had no right to sound as good as it did, but it stuck its finger in my eye and managed to sound really good. Seriously good, even if I have heard better even then.
1.5 Ohm/17W emitter resistors? Using power devices rated at 100V with +/-50V rails? Isn't that shaving it too close? Using a wildcard of sort, since BFT28A transistor was made by a very lonely California company only? Open loop bandwidth iof just 4 kHz? Lots of global feedback? Zero input stage degeneration? No resistors even for the current mirror?
Yet, just 5 minutes with it will convince you that those people knew EXACTLY what they were doing, and the some.
Obviously, using just that one example (and there are more), it's perfectly clear that it's quite possible to use a lot of global NFB and still end up with an excellent product. Even, in some cases, a very advanced product most manufacturers have not made to this day, and that one was from 1978 or so.
I agree with you that it's not just the feedback scheme. If you design from the start for high global NFB, you'll very likely go about it differently than otherwise, and may well end up with a good sounding amp. It's the undecided, the half way houses, who suffer the most, in my view.
Per Aspera Ad Astra.
|12th March 2013, 07:59 AM
diyAudio Member
we all love a good ol' stereotype until it's against us
|12th March 2013, 08:50 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Sep 2004
Location: Belgrade, Serbia
Dave, here's a cute test you will end up loving (I think).
Step 1. Go to any e-bay (German, British, etc) and find a Harman/Kardon integrated amp model 6550. It's rated at 50/70W into 8/4 Ohms. It uses just 17 dB of global feedback.
Step 2. Refresh it, meaning exchange each and every capacitor inside, starting from the two main electrolytics. Do not install parts obviously way above what was originally used, although I would suggest you use silver mica for small value caps.
Pause after Step 2. Listen to it, learn how it sounds. Then go to Step 3.
Step 3. Exhange the shitto volume pot for an ALPS Blue.
Step 4. Meditate and prepare yourself for the surprise of your lifetime once you hear it. Space, air, stage width, depth and heigth like you would never expect from a commercial product, and rarely hear even with High End devices. Yet, sound full of energy and impetus.
It could be your prized component for a long, long time. Frankly, I have never heard such high quality sound from a mass produced component in my life, and believe me, I've heard a lot of them.
Per Aspera Ad Astra.
|12th March 2013, 09:01 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Sep 2009
Location: Stavanger (NORWAY)
Hello !
I have a curiosity.
Let's take, as an extreme, a single ended zero feedback tube amp
then select a speaker that sounds very good with the SET above mentioned.
Then take a solid state high feedback amp and use it with this speaker
What would it be the sound ? bland and clinical ?
I do not know really, but maybe it could be a worthwhile test
The comparison must be made with same speakers.
I think it is almost never the case
Kind regards,
Last edited by ginetto61; 12th March 2013 at 09:19 AM.
|12th March 2013, 09:42 AM
diyAudio Moderator
Join Date: Oct 2002
Location: Chicagoland
Blog Entries: 2
The frequency response will be quite different. If you want an equalizer, there are easier ways to make one.
"You tell me whar a man gits his corn pone, en I'll tell you what his 'pinions is."
|12th March 2013, 09:43 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2007
Location: Oxfordshire
I once asked Michael Gerzon about this , his answer was much the same . I started by saying what were his thoughts about negative feedback . His answer " well , I never have , had I I might have said this . Some amplifiers need a lot and some virtually none , after a pause with a giggle " you can be sure of one thing , nearly all will have the wrong amount " I didn't need him to say more , however he said this . Suppose you have an amplifier with either 3 or 4 stages , both cause problems . What you need is 3.7 stages . Obviously Michael although very good at maths and the most difficult problems obviously knew less about amplifiers . For once in my life I kept my mouth shut . I was tempted to say degenerate the VAS a little . Arguments rage about that and as Douglas Self wrote to me it is the worst idea of all as it doesn't bring the expected benefits . I do it because it helps match stages better ( lifts the base voltage for one ) . Sound wise 0R = punch 47R = soft and spacious 16 R = just right . This was 8 mA VAS and 2 mA LTP . Measurements were mostly identical either way . I never tested IMD for this , my hunch is it has an effect . This seems even more effective with 1970's amps . Raise input current , add a VAS emitter resistor . The Goodman's 80 has a diode in the emitter . Replacing that with a 56R resistor seems to do a lot of good . DC conditions are unchanged . When I see valves with LED's in the cathode I often wonder if it is a good idea due to the Goodman's . The Goodman's was terribly harsh before the mod . Transistor sound or IMD . The guy my brother did this for paid £100 for the work . His joy was taking it to hi fi shops to defeat all-comers . The other mods were polystyrene , polyester , high grade electrolytic caps . Also DC levels checked and set . We often worked together . Me with the ideas , him at the test station . £100 would be £300 now .
I have told these stories before so please forgive .
I don't think people who prefer low feedback amps are wrong . Equally I have heard plenty of high feedback amps that sound great . Take my favourite cheap op amp MC33079 ( 78 ) . I much prefer it with gain 1 over gain 2 . 2 sounds less focused . Up at gain 62 it also sounds fantastic ( MC stage ) . Between 2 and 62 I am not so sure . A friend I built a preamp for is both musician and PHD in electrical engineering . We worked through this for fun and did find that truly there was evidence to support this . Our conjecture is that unity gain was so much a priority that it fashions the performance . I prefer 33078 over NE5532 . The one thing I would like is a MC33077 single version with all the 5534 tweaks ( comp , offset ) .
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The son of Indian parents who were living in Africa, Prasada-Rao grew up in Washington, D.C.. Studying violin at the age of seven, Prasada-Rao went on to study piano. While in high school, he switched to the guitar as a way to overcome his "shyness and make new friends".
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Prasada-Rao's hard work paid off in 1993 when he was a winner of the "New Folks" competition at the Kerrville Folk Festival in Texas. Together with two other winners, Tom Kimel and Michael Lille, Prasada-Rao formed a "singer-songwriter supergroup", Shepas, that has periodically toured throughout The United States.
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How to Charge Your Tria Laser
The TRIA laser hair removal system runs on a battery. Unfortunately, the unit cannot be used while plugged into an outlet. When you receive the TRIA laser, you must charge it for a minimum of three hours before using it the first time. And after using the laser, it is a good idea to go ahead and plug it right in so the laser system will be ready to use the next time. The instructions for use that come with the TRIA laser hair removal system do tell you that it is okay to keep the laser plugged in for an extended period of time. (I do always unplug it if I pass by where I'm charging it and it is fully charged)
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You can charge the TRIA laser in quiet mode, which turns off the fan. The trade-off is that it takes eight hours to charge without the fan running.
Next post I'll talk about my experience using the TRIA laser at-home hair removal system for the first time.


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Cries From Syria: Emergency Benefit Dinner
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Sunday, April 6, 2014 at 5:00 - 8:00pm
Dinner | Syrian Bazar | Art Exhibition | Entertainment
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As the crisis in Syria enters its 3rd year and the ongoing humanitarian crisis deepens we ask you to support SKT Welfare's 3rd annual Medical Relief Convoy of ambulance delivery to Syria in efforts to provide medical relief to thousands distressed. SKT Welfare USA and UNCC MSA joins the Charlotte community on April 6th, for a fundraising dinner to help bring medical aid to Syrians in need.
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RE: Re: st: What wrong with this ML model command?
"Glenn Goldsmith" <email@example.com>
RE: Re: st: What wrong with this ML model command?
Thu, 9 Apr 2009 16:03:04 +0100
Hi Quang,
In general, it's easier for people to help if you post the output from
running the command with -set trace on-, rather than just the program code.
That should pinpoint exactly where the problem is.
Absent the -trace-, here's my guess at what's going on.
The first code you posted contained the line:
> tempvar ya0, ya1, yb0, yb1, y_a0 y_a1 y_b0 y_b1 euA euB euDiff euRatio
This would have generated the error you received, because the names
shouldn't be separated with commas.
The new code you've posted has corrected this, and contains no commas at
all. I would think the only way it could generate the error you received is
if it gets passed a comma in a macro somewhere.
Did your original error arise with the old program or the new? My suspicion
is that the old program is still in memory, and is what is causing the
problem. To fix this, ensure that the new program is saved, then type
program drop MLkt0_1
then try running the -ml model- command again and see if it works.
Otherwise, you really just need to look at the trace line by line to see
where the error comes from.
Quang Nguyen <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote:
I am sorry. Here is the correct code:
* For searches and help try:
* http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search
* http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq
* http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/
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" Genre: Fiction / Author: Robert Edric / Paperback / 352 Pages / Book is published 2008-07-14 by Black Swan "
* Prices may differ from that shown
Alex Foster is a young English officer stationed in a small town near Hannover just after the Second World War. While the show trials are taking place in Nuremburg, Alex's role is to interview men suspected of 'lesser' war crimes to establish whether there is a case to be answered. He finds himself in an uncomfortable position when Colonel Preston, an American officer, comes to the camp and instructs him to interview a man suspected of having being involved in the brutal execution of a large number of partisans. Although they do not give much away, Alex realises that Preston and his own superior, Dyer, expect Alex to come to only one conclusion; but when Alex meets the suspect, Johannes Walther, he finds his own principles seriously compromised. Alex begins to understand that it is the Americans who are calling the shots and that Dyer is only to happy to delegate his staff to do their bidding.
Alex finds comfort in the arms of Eva, a young German woman working as a translator in the administration department of the base, and feels compelled to help when the fifteen year old sister of one of Eva's colleagues becomes seriously ill during childbirth. Few locals, even the director of the town's hospital, want to help because they claim the girl is a prostitute made pregnant by a foreign serviceman. Alex and a colleague, medic James Whittaker, try to do what they can to get the girl the medical care she needs. However, when Dyer learns what is going on he warns them not to get involved but they ignore his instruction, bringing the occupying forces into further conflict with the local people, not least the town's mayor who has political ambitions to join the German government when it is realised.
"The Kingdom of Ashes" is a novel that describes events in a particular place at a very particular time. Although the subject of the Second World War is one that I find very interesting I can't recall having read a novel that deals with the immediate aftermath of the war, certainly not one set in Germany, so this one offered a very different perspective. I found that the combination of characters made for a very balanced story. Alex didn't see any military action during the war, something the men he interviews remind him of frequently when he investigates the charges levelled at them. Then there are the men accused of war crimes, some of whom witnessed horrific sights fighting in Russia. There is also Jesus Fernandez a Puerto Rican American serviceman who makes lots of money selling whatever he can lay his hands on to his colleagues and local people alike; he sends his money home ready for his discharge when he intends to use it to set himself up in business.
On the other side are the people of Rehstadt, a town almost unaffected by the war as bombs rained down on its neighbour Hannover. The people of Rehstadt find it difficult to accept what is happening because they feel like they are suffering for what happened in the rest of Germany. To add to their unhappiness they have a displaced persons camp just outside the village and want it cleared and its inhabitants sent away. The Mayor is representative of a large number of citizens who, while not directly hostile towards the Allied troops, want to take back control of their town.
This novel covers the events of what is really just a couple of days and the author does well to confine the story to this. However, one event at the very beginning of the book seemed only partly to fit into the story and I was disappointed that it was not satisfactorily resolved even if it did serve to set the general scene in Rehstadt when the story proper commences. The novel opens as a suspicious mass gave is discovered beneath the ruins of a bombed out building. As Alex speaks very good German, Dyer sends him to find out what is happening as a vocal crowd have gathered to watch the excavations. Occasionally this storyline comes up again but I didn't feel that it was played out to a conclusion.
Where Edric excels is in the historical detail and I was able to understand the historical context of the story without an in depth knowledge of the period. I think this is a period most people have a general knowledge of but I think that reading this novel certainly enhanced it without the feeling of reading a history textbook. The Allies - the Russians, the Americans and the British - are still occupying Germany but progress is being made on slowly handing over control of the country back to the German people. The futility and subterfuge between the Allied countries in dealing with war criminals is a major aspect of the story as is the conflict between the Allies and ordinary Germans who want to try to establish some sense of normality.
In other aspects I felt that the author was just too economic with his words. Alex senses some connection between Eva and Paul Weiss, a local bar owner, but try as I might, I couldn't work out what the inference was. As for Alex having to decide that there was sufficient reason to try the men accused of war crimes, I couldn't really understand how or why Alex would go along with such vague instructions. The novel gets its name from an old story that one of the German prisoners tells Alex but yet again I failed to see its relevance in the overall story.
Robert Edric may have been successful in creating an evocative portrait of a certain place and time but I found the overall story a little frustrating because the thrilling dramatic denouement seemed to suggest that the loose ends be tied up neatly and they weren't.
A little research has taught me that Robert Edric is an acclaimed and prolific author although I have to admit I hadn't heard of him at all until chancing upon "The Kingdom of Ashes" in a bookstore. Based on this novel I would probably read at least another because it is clear that he does have some considerable talent. There are elements of an excellent story here but perhaps it just wasn't told in the way I thought it should have been.
The book does raise some interesting questions about the pursuit of war criminals; how fair were the trials, how often were the verdicts already decided and what of the trading of prisoners between the Allies? It also reminds us that even in the aftermath of war we should be compassionate and act with humanity to the defeated and there is a marked contrast between the attitudes of some of the officers towards the townspeople which did make me consider how far we blame ordinary people for the acts of their governments.
I would recommend this novel to people with an interest in the subject matter but would suggest that readers take a look at his other novels which seem to cover a varied range of themes so there should surely be something to interest most people among them.
352 pages


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The following schematic shows a typical wiring diagram of Honda CB900F Hornet ignition system. This motorcycle's ignition control module (ICM) is built into the Engine Control Module (ECM). The Honda CB900F Hornet Ignition System consists of following parts and components: main switch, engine stop switch, ignition coil, bank angle sensor, engine stop relay, engine control module (ECM). Read more [...]
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text: 2 hives were nucs now after being moved to hives been 5 1/2 weeks all the brood hatched and queens both dead. Makes no sense I took 2 swarm cells from another hive installed them. They just hatched and they were killed to. Lots of nurse bees and plenty of drones. My ? is. Should I combine these to hives and add more brood and add a new queen on Wednesday when my queens I have ordered come in? Or should I try to add frame of eggs? These bees aren't acting aggressive or strange in anyway lots of pollin and honey is building.


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Acupuncture Doctors in Bethel, Connecticut
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COMPARECheck the boxes to compare.
- Acupuncture, Allergy and Immunology, Weight Loss Programs
Ingri Boe-Wiegaard, L.Ac.
- CT Acupuncture Center
- 236 Greenwood Ave
- Bethel, Connecticut 06801
Acupuncture is the treatment of choice for one-fourth of the world's population. Ingri Boe-Wiegaard provides Acupuncture in a peaceful and pleasant atmosphere to patients just like you in Fairfield, Wilton, and Bethel, Connecticut.
Most Popular Procedures: Acupuncture, Chinese Medicine
- Ingri Boe-Wiegaard, L.Ac.
CT Acupuncture Center
- Location: 236 Greenwood Ave Bethel, CT 06801
- Click here for phone number
- Top Procedures:
- Acupuncture
- Chinese Medicine
- Languages Spoken:
- English
- Experience: 25 years
- Ingri Boe-Wiegaard, L.Ac.


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24 Simple Scrapbooking Layouts
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"My cats love these. They are quick and simple to make. For anyone unfamiliar with the yarn that is suggested for the pattern, it is a fingering weight, 4 ply yarn that is 100 percent cotton. I used worsted weight and a 3.5mm hook for mine, so I wouldnt have to worry about the cats pulling the stuffing out through any holes."
"The name is very attention getting with the recent death of Prince. The link to the crochet pattern takes me to a different posting on this site where the project is included within a free ebook with 16 other easy crafts. There you can download the entire ebook as a pdf in order to get the pattern."
"The name is very attention getting with the recent death of Prince. The link to the crochet pattern takes me to a different posting on this site where the project is included within a free ebook with 16 other easy crafts. There you can download the entire ebook as a pdf in order to get the pattern."
"What does (K1. Inc 1 st in next st.) mean? I think st means stitch, but I don't understand how to do what it says. Thank you "
"This is absolutely stunning! I love it. I love vintage China and this is one way to display it. For my own personal taste I would use less pieces in the back, or even paint the background to make it pop more, and use the broken pieces on,y around the border as a type of frame. But that's just me. Alternatively, using less cups and just feature a ew with the broken pieces may set them off better. But all in all this is a great idea and display! Love it!"
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Recycle old credit cards or save those "pre-approved" credit cards sent in junk mail and use them to evenly spread liquid glue over a large surface. Pour small amounts of the glue on the intended surface and use the edge of the card to swipe and spread the glue as wanted. When finished, wipe remaining glue from the card's edge and reuse it over and over again.
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Member 16103
Jun 22, 2010
What a terrific idea. Will be keeping those cards now..
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Posted by admin on Jun 8, 2012
Remains of the once lost Curtain theatre, which preceded the Globe as the venue which showcased Shakespeare's work, have been found in East London. It's likely that the theatre was the home to some of the first performances of Romeo and Juliet and Henry V.
The theatre was dismantled in the 17th century and its exact location was lost to historians soon after. Now, the Museum of London Archaeology (MoLA) has found sections of the theatre in Shoreditch, East London.
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The light of Tiananmen
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A candlelit vigil in Hong Kong commemorates the 15th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre. Photo: AFP
Tens of thousands of people who gathered to commemorate the students killed in the Tiananmen Square massacre vowed to fight on for universal suffrage in China and Hong Kong.
The massive crowd bowed three times - a Chinese funeral tradition - in the direction of a monument that said: "Democracy's heroes stand forever."
"May your spirits be with us as we continue the fight," opposition lawmaker Szeto Wah said at Friday night's vigil in Hong Kong marking the 15th anniversary of China's decision to break up the Tiananmen Square rallies of pro-democracy students with tanks and troops on June 4, 1989.
People, young and old, sang and chanted at the annual commemoration that was highly charged this year after Beijing told Hong Kong citizens in April they could not directly elect their next leader in 2007 or all lawmakers in 2008.
Organisers claimed a turnout of 82,000, but police said the crowd had peaked at 48,000. Holding up thousands of candles, the demonstrators created a sea of flickering lights that took on the appearance of a big outdoor rock concert.
With its free speech rights, Hong Kong is the only place in China where such demonstrations are held. But many here said they were locked in the same struggle as the student activists who died in Beijing.
"Hong Kong should be democratic," said university student Rocker Tsui. "Hong Kong people should be ruling Hong Kong ourselves."
The Tiananmen Square crackdown gave Hong Kong a political awakening. Locals were stunned and outraged to see their motherland turn troops on unarmed students. Hundreds if not thousands of people were killed and one million people spontaneously took to the streets of Hong Kong in protest.
Beijing said troops were needed in June 1989 to break up a counter-revolutionary riot.
But bitter memories linger in Hong Kong. A woman who identified herself by the surname Pau said: "The People's Republic should be for the people, not for killing the people."
Many demonstrators criticised Hong Kong's unpopular leader, chief executive Tung Chee-hwa, seen by many as a puppet of Beijing.
In Beijing on Friday police kept tight control over Tiananmen Square, detaining at least 16 people to ensure there was no public expression of dissent. Extra guards were deployed around the square.
Meanwhile, there was a demand for an investigation into the disappearance on Tuesday of the Chinese doctor who exposed the country's SARS cover-up last year. Jiang Yanyong, who is also a leading democracy campaigner, was reported missing with his wife.
He is likely to be among dozens of people - including elderly mothers, young dissidents and ailing reformers - put under house arrest or taken out of Beijing by security agents for the tense Tiananmen Square anniversary.
His daughter Jiang Rui said: "While we do not want to speculate as to what happened to our parents, we believe the authorities are withholding information from us. They have only told us he is safe."


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Congressman Luke Messer announces Congressional Leadership Academy at Ball State University
Congressman Luke Messer announces Congressional Leadership Academy at Ball State University
(Washington, DC)— Congressman Luke Messer and Ball State University President Jo Ann M. Gora announced the creation of the Congressional Leadership Academy for Indiana's 6th District scholars today on Ball State's campus.
This one day event, set for April 5, 2014, will connect successful and engaged high school juniors with CEOs, business leaders and other invited experts working in areas critical to Indiana's economy.
The academy will recognize and reward civic engagement and scholastic excellence. Two students from each high school in the Sixth congressional district will be chosen to participate in the full-day event on Ball State's campus. Students will have the opportunity to learn about Indiana's strengths in advanced manufacturing, emerging media, sustainable energy and life sciences.
Leaders from emerging media speaking at the academy will include Mike Langellier, CEO of Tech Point, and Bill Oesterle, CEO of Angie's List. Sustainable energy experts will include James Atterholt, chairman of the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission; Jesse Kharabanda, CEO of the Hoosier Energy Council; and Paul Mitchell, CEO of the Energy Systems Network. Representing advanced manufacturing will be Sheryl Conley, CEO of OrthoWorx; John Harmeyer, plant manager for Hillenbrand; and Kyle Perry, partner at PROJECTiONE. The life sciences panelists will include Bryan Mills, CEO of Community Health Network; Newt Crenshaw, vice president at Eli Lilly; and David Johnson, CEO of Central Indiana Corporate Partnership and president of BioCrossroads.
"It was my personal desire to create an opportunity that would give young people in the 6th Congressional District, today, the same kind of experience that I had as a student and to help train a new generation of leaders," Messer said.
During the announcement of the academy, Messer presented Gora with the U.S. Department of Commerce's Export Achievement Certificate for Ball State's partnership with U.S. Commercial Service trade fairs and webinars to increase the university's international student enrollment from around 300 in 2004 to more than 800.


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January 27, 2007 – 8 Shevat 5767
Annual: Ex. 10:1 – 13:16 (Etz Hayim, p. 374; Hertz p. 248)
Triennial Cycle: Ex. 12:29 – 13:16 (Etz Hayim, p. 387; Hertz p. 258)
Haftarah: Jeremiah 46:13 – 28 (Etz Hayim, p. 395; Hertz p. 263)
Prepared by Rabbi Avram Kogen
As the parashah begins the plagues continue, growing in intensity. Pharaoh remains intransigent in the face of locusts, and then of darkness. Moses warns him about the impending plague of the first-born.
Through Moses, God commands the Israelites to sacrifice lambs in Egypt, a practice that ran against the grain of Egyptian society and religion. Moses also directs the Israelites to prepare to leave Egypt promptly on what is likely to be short notice. In fact, they depart so hastily that their bread dough has no time to rise.
The Israelites are told to perpetuate the memory of their departure from Egypt by retelling the story to their children throughout the generations.
The exodus from Egypt holds an important place in the consciousness of the Jewish people. Many commandments carry the rationale that the mitzvah is to be followed because it serves as "zeikher liytziat Mitzrayim" – because it "recalls the Exodus from Egypt." A partial list of such practices would include:
Reviewing this list, we can note that the link between some of them and the Israelites' departure from Egypt is obvious. With others, the connection is less direct, if not completely obscure. Review the list and take some time to identify what ties each mitzvah to the Exodus. For the items for which the connection is less than obvious, what are the ways by which the connection could be understood?
Consider as well, in what way does the connection to the exodus enrich the reasoning for keeping the mitzvah? Among those mitzvot, are there some for which such a tie to the exodus does not add to the meaning of observance?
As symbols, tefillin are not widely understood. The Greeks called them "phylacteries" – amulets – because they perceived them to be charms designed to protect Jews' spiritual cleanliness. In modern times, many Jews seem to feel uneasy about tefillin because their symbolic value does not translate smoothly into American culture. Moreover, tefillin are not worn on Shabbat or on festival days, which is when the largest number of Jews gather for prayer. Many Jews do not often see tefillin in use.
Inside the tefillin's small black leather box, the one which is worn on the arm, there is a piece of parchment with four Torah passages written on it. The four passages are:
As you can see, this morning's parashah is the only one that contains more than one of these tefillin passages.
It is not easy to pinpoint why Jews are commanded to wear tefillin. However, if someone had set out to invent a physical reminder of slavery, it is hard to imagine a more effective one than tefillin. A slave's strength and the work of his hands belong to his master. (The leather straps of the tefillin are wrapped around the arm and the hand.) The products of the slave's creativity and thought likewise are the property of his master. (Tefillin also are placed on the head.) We who have been freed from slavery accept the opportunity to envision ourselves as former slaves every day, and to remind ourselves that our freedom must have a higher purpose.
If Jews wear tefillin to remind ourselves that God freed us from slavery in Egypt, it would be nice to know that God, too, views this relationship as a special one. In an imaginative passage in the Talmud, it is suggested that God has tefillin of His own. Since God was neither a slave in Egypt nor the descendant of a slave, the content of His "personal" tefillin would be different from the content of ours. According to this passage in Brachot 6a, the text inside God's tefillin reads: "And who is like Your people Israel, unique throughout the world?" (This passage, borrowed from II Samuel 7:23, is recited weekly in our liturgy for Shabbat afternoons.)
When the tefillin are wound around the fingers, the following verses are said:
And I will espouse you forever:
I will espouse you with righteousness and justice,
And with goodness and mercy,
And I will espouse you with faithfulness;
Then you shall be devoted to the Lord.
(Hosea 2:21-22)
And I will espouse you forever:
I will espouse you with righteousness and justice,
And with goodness and mercy,
And I will espouse you with faithfulness;
Then you shall be devoted to the Lord.
(Hosea 2:21-22)
Is there a reason why the rabbis might have chosen a verse with the word "espousal" for the act of winding the tefillin on your fingers? Is there a relationship between those words and the idea of tefillin as a sign of commitment to God when we take the few moments each weekday to bind God's word to us?
For an exploration of the early history of tefillin, see the notable essay on "T'fillin and M'zuzot" by Jeffrey H. Tigay in Etz Hayim, pages 1464-1467. This essay may also be found in the smaller volume Etz Hayim: Study Companion.


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Comprehensive analysis of therapy-relevant genome alterations for individualized cancer therapy
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Cancer is a disease of the genome and can be treated individually with targeted therapies. Our tests are capable of identifying the specific genome alterations responsible for each cancer type. This enables the treating physician to select the most suitable targeted therapy for the patient.
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Frequently asked questions.
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Over at The Writers Workshop, Harry Bingham is taking a look at UK-based vanity publisher Austin Macauley.
Are they legit? Or are they scammers?To try and solve this conundrum, Harry has formulated a list of questions that he has invited AM to answer.
I don't know. I honestly have no idea. But I've heard some concerns raised about the firm and I think the fairest thing to do is ask the question.
If it turns out that the firm is an honourable one, seeking to do the very best for its authors, then fair play to them. I will take this post down and offer the WW as a platform for the firm to market itself. I will make it absolutely clear that we have no bad word to say about them, in public or in private.
And if they're scammers – well, then, I hope they perish. I hope they perish soon. And I hope that those responsible for the company are deeply injured, financially and reputationally, by that collapse.
Now, not to steal AM's thunder, but Writer Beware has gotten a lot of reports, complaints, and questions about AM over the years, and we've gathered a good deal of information and documentation. I thought it might be illuminating to share some of that, using a few of Harry's questions as a template. (Note that I'm not attempting to speak for AM, nor am I accusing them of doing anything illegal; I'm just sharing data that I've collected.)
Question 1: What proportion of AM's titles are 'traditional mainstream' and what proportion are via 'partnership agreement'?
This is an important question. AM does reveal on its website that it offers "contributory" contracts (using the newly trendy euphemism, "hybrid," to describe its publishing model), but it also presents itself as an "innovative independent trade publisher" and states that "we look at every new manuscript with a view to offering a traditional mainstream publishing deal." This certainly encourages authors to believe that they have a good chance of a traditional offer.
But do they? Writer Beware has heard from just four authors who were offered contracts they didn't have to pay for. By contrast, we've gotten 60+ reports from authors who received fee-based offers (along with lots and lots of inquiries about AM's reputation and business practices; it's one of the publishers we receive the most questions about). Now, I'm sure that the writers who've contacted me represent only a fraction of those who've submitted to AM. Even so, the proportion of fee offers to no-fee offers does suggest--to me, at least--that the bulk of AM's business is pay-to-play.
You can see many many many many many many other author reports of Austin Macauley's fees online.
Question 3: What is the median cost to the author of these partnership agreements?
Fees in contracts Writer Beware has seen range from £1,275 to £7,700 (the heading of fee disclosure section is "Advances," except that this is an "advance" the author has to pay the publisher). Some authors are offered a choice of fees depending on which book formats they pick.
Speaking of AM's contracts, I've seen a number, both "contributory" and not. In my (non-legal; I'm not a lawyer) opinion, they are substandard. There's no stated term for the grant of rights, and discontinuance of publication is "entirely at the discretion of the publisher." In effect, this is a life-of-copyright grant, with completely inadequate provisions for rights reversion. (I've written before about the vital importance of having a good rights reversion clause in a life-of-copyright contract.)
I've also seen a number of AM's acceptance letters. There are differences depending on the rationale for offering "contributory" contracts (new author, can't take the risk; previously published author, not successful enough) but other than that it's clearly cut-and-paste, with whole passages used verbatim in multiple letters.
Question 4: Partnership implies some joint sharing of risks and rewards. So, do you contribute a sum broadly equivalent to that contributed by your authors? If, for example, your launch costs for a book are expected to be £6,000, do you ask the author for £3,000 and contribute the other support yourselves? And if not, then, please, how does it work?
Obviously, I can't answer for Austin Macauley, nor would I attempt to do so. Speaking generally, however, many pay-to-play publishers promise or imply that they are contributing part or most of the expense, and the author fee is just a portion--but in fact, what authors pay is far more likely to cover not just the whole cost of publication, but the publisher's overhead and profit as well.
Also, since fee-based publishers' profit typically comes primarily from author fees and book purchases, rather than from book sales to the public, most have little reason to invest in professional-quality editing, marketing, and distribution. In fact, they have substantial incentive to skimp on these things, since they reduce profit.
AM has responded to Harry (sort of) in an email that can be seen at the bottom of Harry's post, and also in a post on its own blog. Neither response comes close to addressing Harry's questions. Here's AM explaining why. (UPDATE: AM has objected to Harry reproducing its email verbatim, so what appears now is a paraphrased version.)
We would like to be as transparent as possible in answering your questions. However, as I am sure you understand, many of the details you ask for could potentially require us to break confidentiality, in terms of both our business and of our authors. We plan to discuss these issues fully with Austin Macauley's lawyers, who will tell us precisely how much information we are able to divulge to you.Color me unimpressed. I can kinda sorta maybe understand that AM might not want to spotlight particular authors (though if their books are bestsellers, I doubt they'd mind)--but there's no confidentiality attached to most of the information Harry is asking for. Other publishers have no problem providing public information about sales and revenue.
Harry isn't impressed, either. He sums up his opinion in a followup blog post, concluding: "I think [Austin Macauley] is a vanity publisher that trades on the legitimate hopes and excusable ignorance of its clients...if you're considering entering into a partnership agreement with Austin Macauley, then don't. Just don't."
I agree.
A few more observations:
- AM's listing with Companies House is here. You can see AM's latest unaudited abbreviated financial statement here (have a look at the final page). Also, just for fun, compare AM's history of officers with that of Ashwell Publishing. Ashwell Publishing does business as Olympia Publishers, another pay-to-play outfit.
- Coming to America! AM is UK-based, but it is expanding into the USA. It has a glitzy new US website, and a brand new office in New York City--a virtual office, that is, on the 28th floor of 40 Wall Street. Basically, a PO box. (Am I alone in finding it hilarious that this is a Trump-owned building?) Just 73 AM books are listed on Amazon US for 2015; for 2016, the number is 474.
- The morning after I did the research for this blog post, I clicked into a couple of news sources I like, and discovered, yet again, the power of tracking cookies.
UPDATE 12/22/16: Harry Bingham's two posts have resulted in a demand by Austin Macauley's solicitors that he remove all mention of them from his website. He is not backing down. "In our view, the instant resort to threat is a classic telltale sign of firms whose business practices fall on the wrong side of the ethical tracks."
Author and writing teacher Jurgen Wolff also received threats of legal action as a consequence of posting information about Austin Macauley.


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These adjustable gloves are lightweight with a great grip.
The sophisticated look of this glove is combined with cotton backing and a lightweight grip. These gloves feature rubber stubble on the palm and fingers for a better grip on reins. Use them for riding and working around the barn. The uses are endless. Velcro fastener on the wrist provides an adjustable fit.
100% Cotton 100% Poly stubbles on palm.
Wash with lukewarm/cold water
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It's obvious that the quality prevents it from being an every-day glove, but I bought a pair to be designated for shows. The price is superb though, so all in all its a great deal and I would recommend buying a pair as a backup or as a show glove.
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- Madelyne WoodsMadelyne Woods https://www.yatedo.com/p/Madelyne+Woods/normal/030baa7dab7403bc638c73f1b7f847e3 Madelyne Woods
Country of nationality United States of America Gender Female Ethnicity African American
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- Mark Kriski is a Canadian born in Nova Scotia of Polish descent. He served as a DJ on Victoria......
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- Dan Cole, sports talk personality on the KFAN sports radio network, hosts the "Common Man......
- Reef Karim
- Reef Karim, known as Dr. Reef, is a double board certified psychiatrist, addiction medicine......
- Madelyne Woods was a cable television personality on BET throughout the 1990s. She completed graduate school at Howard University in Washington, D.C. in 1990.Not long after joining BET, she was anchoring the "BET Newsbriefs", one minute news...Read More
Yatedo is a search engine helping people find other people with public information on the Internet.
Yatedo's robots continually scan the web (social networks, web pages, blogs, pictures…) and produce beautiful profiles in the form of digital resumes.
Yatedo provides you with a fully customizable and professional-looking profile which centralizes all of your public information (including social media accounts). You can edit key information at any time and manage your online presence in just a few clicks.
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Whether you are looking to claim your Yatedo profile for professional or personal reasons, you will have access to valuable insights such as the number of people who viewed your profile and where they come from.
- Having all of my public information in one editable profile
- Being able to manage my exposure and my professional image online
- Discovering the level and nature of interest for my profile on the Internet
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Illinois Public Media
All articles tagged Amish
Amish Can Apply for State ID's In 2015
Food Hubs Could Provide Crucial Link For Amish Farmers
Entrepreneur Replaces Amish Buggy's Horse With Solar Power
Amish Community Not Anti-Technology, Just More Thoughtful
"Changes in Illinois Amish Life," with Professor Danny Otto
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WILL Highlights
A short film series examining the severe underrepresentation of African-Americans in the sciences.
Classic Mornings
Get more out of your classical music experience and check out Vic Di Geronimo's blog.
The 21st
21st century radio for the 21st state. Weekdays at 11 am on WILL-AM 580.