text:
Phosphatidylinositol and Related Lipids
1. Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylinositol is an important lipid, both as a key membrane constituent and as a participant in essential metabolic processes in all plants and animals, both directly and via a number of metabolites. It is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid that in essence consists of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). In most organisms, the stereochemical form of the last is myo-D-inositol (with one axial hydroxyl in position 2 with the remainder equatorial), although other forms (scyllo- and chiro-) have been found on occasion in plants. The 1-stearoyl,2-arachidonoyl molecular species, which is of considerable biological importance in animals, is illustrated.
Phosphatidylinositol is especially abundant in brain tissue, where it can amount to 10% of the phospholipids, but it is present in all tissues and cell types. There is usually less of it than of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. In rat liver, it amounts to 1.7 micromoles/g.
|Table 1. Fatty acid composition of phosphatidylinositol (wt % of the total) in animal and plant tissues
|Fatty acids
|Bovine heart [1]
|Bovine liver [2]
|Rat liver [3]
|Arabidopsis thaliana [4]
|1, Thompson, W. and MacDonald, G., Eur. J. Biochem., 65, 107-111 (1976);
2, Thompson, W. and MacDonald, G., J. Biol. Chem., 250, 6779-6785 (1975);
3, Wood, R. and Harlow, R.D. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 135, 272-281 (1969);
4, Browse, J., Warwick, N., Somerville, C.R. and Slack, C.R. Biochem. J., 235, 25-31 (1986).
The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylinositol is rather distinctive as shown in Table 1. Thus, in animal tissues, the characteristic feature is a high content of stearic and arachidonic acids. All the stearic acid is linked to position sn-1 and all the arachidonic acid to position sn-2, and as much as 78% of the total lipid may consist of the single molecular species sn-1-stearoyl-sn-2-arachidonoyl-glycerophosphorylinositol (see Table 2 below). Although 1-alkyl- and alkenyl- forms of phosphatidylinositol are known, they tend to be much less abundant than the diacyl form. In plant phosphatidylinositol, palmitic acid is the main saturated fatty acid while linoleic and linolenic acids are the main unsaturated components. Again, much of the saturated fatty acids are in position sn-1 and the unsaturated in position sn-2.
As with phosphatidylglycerol (and thence cardiolipin), phosphatidylinositol is formed biosynthetically from the precursor cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol by reaction with inositol, and catalysed by the enzyme CDP-diacylglycerol inositol phosphatidyltransferase ('phosphatidylinositol synthase'); the other product of the reaction is cytidine monophosphate (CMP). The enzyme is located in the endoplasmic reticulum mainly, although it may also occur in the plasma membrane in yeasts, and almost entirely on the cytosolic side of the bilayer. Phosphatidylinositol is then delivered to other membranes either by vesicular transport or via the agency of specific transfer proteins.
The basic mechanism for biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol is sometimes termed a branch point in phospholipid synthesis, as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are produced by a somewhat different route.
In animal tissues, phosphatidylinositol is the primary source of the arachidonic acid required for biosynthesis of eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, via the action of the enzyme phospholipase A2, which releases the fatty acids from position sn-2.
The reverse reaction also occurs. Lysophosphatidylinositol is formed as a by-product of eicosanoid formation or as an intermediate as part of the normal cycle of deacylation-acylation of phosphatidylinositol in tissues in which the fatty acid composition is remodelled to give the ultimate composition (the 'Lands' cycle'). A membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT7 or LPIAT1) specific for lysophosphatidylinositol with a marked preference for arachidonoyl-CoA has been characterised from neutrophils. This may be one means by which free arachidonic acid and eicosanoid levels are regulated. In macrophages subjected to inflammatory stimuli, phosphatidylinositol containing two molecules of arachidonate is produced by remodelling reactions, and there is evidence that is a novel bioactive phospholipid regulating innate immune responses in these cells.
Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are also the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signalling molecules in animal and plant cells, via the action of a family of highly specific enzymes collectively known as phospholipase C (see our web pages on diacylglycerols). They regulate the activity of a group of at least a dozen related enzymes known as protein kinase C, which in turn control many key cellular functions, including differentiation, proliferation, metabolism and apoptosis. Indeed, the biological actions of the various components released have been the subject of intensive study over the last twenty years. 2-Arachidonoyl-glycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, may also be a product of phosphatidylinositol catabolism.
In addition to functioning as negatively charged building blocks of membranes, the inositol phospholipids (including the phosphatidylinositol phosphates or 'polyphosphoinositides' discussed below) appear to have crucial roles in interfacial binding of proteins and in the regulation of proteins at the cell interface. As phosphoinositides are polyanionic, they can be very effective in nonspecific electrostatic interactions with proteins. However, they are especially efficient in specific binding to so-called 'PH' domains of cellular proteins.
Phosphatidylinositol is found in all eukaryotes, which are able to synthesise inositol de novo via glucose-6-phosphate. In contrast, few bacteria appear to contain phosphatidylinositol, although it is essential for Mycobacteria and inositol-containing lipids are found in the actinobacteria (lipophosphoglycans – see below). However, archaeal ether lipids contain analogues of phosphatidylinositol, but these are synthesised by a quite different mechanism, i.e. by reaction of inositol 1-phosphate with CDP-archaeol to form archaetidylinositol 3-phosphate and thence archaetidylinositol (see our web page on Archaeal lipids). The same mechanism operates in those few bacterial species that synthesise phosphatidylinositol.
2. Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates
TThe pioneering work of Mable and Lowell Hokin in the 1950s lead to the discovery that phosphatidylinositol was converted to polyphosphoinositides with important signalling and other functional activities in animal cells. This lipid is now known to be phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 3, 4 and 5 of the inositol ring. Seven different isomers are known, all of which have distinct biological activities. The most significant in quantitative and possibly biological terms were long thought to be phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, but it is now recognized that 3-phosphorylated forms are also extremely important.
These lipids are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 0.5 to 1% of the total lipids of the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, so they are unlikely to have a structural role. The positional distributions of fatty acids in the phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate of ox brain are listed in Table 2. In each the saturated fatty acids are concentrated in position sn-1 and polyunsaturated, especially arachidonate, in position sn-2. There are few differences among the three lipids.
|Table 2. Distribution of fatty acids (mol % of the total) in positions sn-1 and sn-2 in phosphatidylinositol (PI) and the phosphatidylinositol mono- and diphosphates of ox brain
|Fatty acids
|PI monophosphate
|PI diphosphate
Holub, B.J., Kuksis, A. and Thompson, W. J. Lipid Res., 11, 558-564 (1970).
Phosphatidylinositol per se is of course the ultimate precursor of all phosphoinositides. The latter are maintained at steady state levels in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane by a continuous and sequential series of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions by specific kinases, phosphatases and phospholipase C enzymes, which are regulated and/or relocated through cell surface receptors for extracellular ligands. This has been termed a 'futile cycle', and can consume a significant proportion of cellular ATP production. Controlled synthesis of these different phosphoinositides occurs in different intracellular compartments for distinct and independently regulated functions with differing target enzymes. In mammals, the complexity is such that 18 phosphoinositide interconversion reactions have been identified to date, and these are mediated by 19 phosphoinositide kinases and 28 phosphoinositide phosphatases.
Thus, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate is produced by the action of a phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI 4-K), and is in turn phosphorylated by a phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase (PIP K I) to form phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This can also be formed by phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate by a specific 4-kinase (PIP K II). Some selectivity in the formation of molecular species or remodelling may occur to further enrich the arachidonic acid content.
The best characterized of the phosphoinositide signalling functions results from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate by phospholipase C isoforms to produce diacylglycerols and inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (see below), which act as second messengers. The enzyme activity is stimulated by signalling molecules such as G-protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, Ras-like GTPases and calcium ions, thus linking the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to a wide range of other cellular signals. As phospholipase C is a soluble protein located mainly in the cytosol, translocation to the plasma membrane is a crucial step in signal transduction.
Phosphatidylinositol is also phosphorylated by a 3-kinase (PI 3K III) to produce phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (three phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases families have been described, each with distinct substrate specificities). The latter amounts to 0.1-0.5% of the total phosphoinositides in resting mammalian cells. A second phosphoinositide signalling pathway involves activation of two of these 3-kinases, stimulated by growth factors and hormones, which phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (by PI 3-K I) and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (by PI 3-K II) to produce phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate, respectively. In turn, these lipids stimulate signalling pathways involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, and motility. In particular, they mediate insulin-independent glucose transport and many of the physiological actions of insulin.
The amounts of these various metabolites are also regulated by the activities of specific phosphoinositide phosphatases, which are highly conserved in eukaryotes and dephosphorylate phosphoinositides at the 3, 4 and 5 positions of the inositol ring. For example, so-called 'SHIP' phosphatases convert phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate back to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate by hydrolysis of the 5-phosphate group. 3-Phosphorylated phosphoinositides are only degraded by phosphatases and not by phospholipase C (see below).
The various organelles in cells have membranes with distinct functions and molecular compositions. Yet, they are all formed primarily at the endoplasmic reticulum, and the different membrane lipids and proteins must be transported to each site via specific membrane trafficking processes. The concept has emerged in which each phosphoinositide has its own role – the 'lipid code' hypothesis, in which distinct lipids act as labels for each cellular membrane to maintain the orderly flow required for the complexities of membrane trafficking and spatio-temporal signalling reactions. Thus, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate are found mainly on the Golgi, plasma membrane, early endosomes and late endocytic organelles, respectively, where they are sometimes regarded as landmarks for these compartments. The specific distributions of phosphoinositides in cellular compartments is coupled to selective recruitment of effector proteins that bind specifically to each type of phosphoinositide. In addition, the phosphoinositide-binding proteins interact with various enzymes. Further phosphorylation via kinases or removal of phosphates via hydrolysis continues in the various organelles.
Phosphoinositides have a central and general position in the fields of cell signalling and regulation. They are able to achieve signalling effects directly by binding to cytosolic proteins or specific cytosolic domains of membrane proteins via their polar head groups, thereby triggering downstream signalling cascades. In this way, they can regulate the function of innumerable proteins integral to membranes, for example by relocating a protein from one area of the cell to another, usually from the cytosol to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, or they can attract cytoskeletal and signalling components to the membrane. Amongst the proteins that bind to phosphoinositides in this way are phospholipases, protein kinases, regulators of membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal, scaffold and ion channel proteins.
Binding usually involves electrostatic interactions with the negative charges of the phosphate groups on the inositol ring with characteristic clusters of basic amino acid residues in proteins, and it can lead to folding and thence increased activity of unstructured peptides. In particular, a specific binding region termed the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, consisting of ~100 amino acids, is the most abundant lipid-binding domain with more than 225 examples identified, and this exhibits great specificity for several of the polyphosphoinositides. The interaction is driven by nonspecific electrostatic interactions initially, but it is followed by specific binding to increase the membrane residence time. The distinctive phosphoinositide composition of membranes in different organelles adds strength and specificity to the interactions by cooperative binding with other membrane proteins.
The phosphatidylinositol monophosphates are present in cells at low levels only, although their levels do not appear to fluctuate greatly. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate has been implicated in membrane trafficking through its interactions with specific proteins in endosomes. Indeed, it is a major determinant of the identity of the membrane of early endosomes, and it participates in most aspects of endosomal function, i.e. the controlled internal degradation and turnover of cellular constituents (autophagy). A further function is in the regulation of the final stage of cell division (cytokinesis), and the lipid is known to accumulate where cells divide. It may also have a role as a second messenger with an involvement in a number of physiological and pathological processes.
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate is the precursor for the 4,5-bisphosphate, but it binds to a protein on the cytoskeleton of the cell and has its own characteristic functions. In particular, it is essential for the structure and function of the Golgi complex, where it is required for the recruitment of specific proteins. Some of these participate in vesicle formation, while others like the oxysterol binding protein are involved in lipid transfer. While the biological properties of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate have taken longer to unravel, because of the difficulties of separation of this isomer, it is now apparent that it is involved in osmoregulation both in plants and animals. It may also have signalling functions. Phosphatidylinositol-5 phosphate is the least abundant phosphatidylinositol monophosphate, but it is involved in signalling at the nucleus and cytoplasm, modulating cellular responses to various stresses, hormones and growth factors.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is especially important as a precursor of further metabolites (see below) and because of signalling functions in the plasma membrane in its own right, where it complexes with and regulates many cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, especially those concerned with ion channels for potassium, calcium, sodium and other ions. In most instances, it increases channel activity, while its hydrolysis by phospholipase C reduces such activity. In particular, it appears to interact with cationic residues of specific proteins in concert with cholesterol to form localized membrane domains that are distinct from the sphingolipid-enriched rafts. Also, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and its diacylglycerol metabolites are important for vesicle formation in membranes. For example, a major pathway in cells for internalization of receptors, such as the transferrin receptor, is the clathrin-coated vesicle pathway. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is essential to this process in that it binds to the machinery involved in the membrane, increasing the number of clathrin-coated pits and permitting internalization of transferrin. Only polyunsaturated diacylglycerol species derived from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate are able to bind and activate protein kinase C (α, ε, δ) isoforms both in vitro and in vivo.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is intimately involved in the development of the actin cytoskeleton and its attachment to the plasma membrane, thereby controlling cell shape, motility, and many other processes. In the cell nucleus, this lipid is believed to be involved in maintaining chromatin, the complex combination of DNA, RNA, and protein that makes up chromosomes in a transcriptionally active conformation, as well as being a precursor for further signalling molecules. It is also an essential cofactor for phospholipase D and so affects the cellular production of phosphatidic acid with its specific signalling functions. By binding specifically to ceramide kinase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ceramide-1-phosphate, it has an influence on sphingolipid metabolism. Like ceramide-1-phosphate, it binds to and activates the Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2, which generates the arachidonate for eicosanoid production.
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate is present at low levels only in cells, but it is important in membrane and protein trafficking, especially in the late endosomes in eukaryotes and in yeast vacuoles. It is also involved in the mediation of signalling in response to stress and hormonal cues and in the control of ion transport in membranes. Genetic studies confirm that it is essential for healthy embryonic development. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate has a role in cell growth and survival; it is known to bind to a specific protein kinase.
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate has been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, such as growth, cell survival and differentiation. In particular, it is an important component of a signalling pathway in the cell nucleus. It has opposing effects to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in autophagy. During feeding, various physiological responses lead to the secretion of insulin. This stimulates the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and triggers a signalling cascade that leads to the suppression of autophagy.
The human immune system utilizes neutrophils, which are highly mobile cells, to eliminate pathogens from infected tissue. The first step is to track and then pursue molecular signals, such as cytokines, emitted by pathogens. It has been established that two phospholipids operate in sequence to point the neutrophils in the correct direction. The first of these is phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, which binds to a specific protein DOCK2 and enables it to translocate to the plasma membrane. Then phosphatidic acid, generated by the action of phospholipase D on phosphatidylcholine, takes over and directs the DOCK2 to the leading edge of the plasma membrane. This causes polymerization of actin within the cell and in effect reshapes the neutrophil and points it in the direction from which the pathogens signals are coming.
3. Water-Soluble Inositol Phosphates
As mentioned briefly above, hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol phosphates by five families consisting of at least 13 isoenzymes of the calcium-dependent phospholipase C type leads to generation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerols, which act as second messengers in animal cells. The other products are water-soluble inositol phosphates. Up to 60 different compounds are possible, and at least 37 of these have been found in nature at the last count, all of which are also extremely important biologically. However, polyphosphoinositides with a phosphate in position 3 are not substrates for phospholipase C.
For example under the action of various physiological stimuli in animals, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and this is an important cellular messenger, which diffuses into the cytosol and stimulates calcium release from an internal store via ligand-gated calcium channels (the diacylglycerols remain in the membrane to recruit and activate members of the protein kinase C family). The increase in calcium concentration, together with the altered phosphorylation status, activates or deactivates many different protein targets, enabling cells to respond in an appropriate manner to the extracellular stimulus.
All of the various inositol phosphates appear to be involved in the control of cellular events in very specific ways, but especially in the organization of key signalling pathways, the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton or intracellular vesicle trafficking. They have also been implicated in gene transcription, RNA editing, nuclear export and protein phosphorylation. As these remarkable compounds can be rapidly synthesised and degraded in discrete membrane domains or even subnuclear structures, they are considered to be ideal regulators of dynamic cellular mechanisms. From structural studies of inositol polyphosphate-binding proteins, it is believed that the inositides may act in part at least by modifying protein function by acting as structural cofactors, ensuring that proteins adopt their optimal conformations.
Phosphoinositides and the inositol polyphosphates are key components of the nucleus of the cell, where they have many essential functions, including DNA repair, transcription regulation and RNA dynamics. It is believed that they may be activity switches for the nuclear complexes responsible for such processes, with the phosphorylation state of the inositol ring being of primary importance. Different isomers appear to have specific functions at each level of gene expression, so extracellular events must coordinate the production of these compounds in a highly synchronous manner.
The extraordinary range of activities of phosphoinositides is relevant to major human diseases, including cancer and diabetes, making them important targets for pharmacological research and intervention. It should also be noted that the phospholipase C isoenzymes regulate the concentration of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and related lipids and thence their activities, in addition to the generation of new biologically active metabolites.
In addition, sequential removal of both fatty acids from phosphatidylinositol by a specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2IVα) releases water-soluble glycerophosphoinositol. While this can be hydrolysed by a glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase to inositol 1-phosphate, glycerophosphoinositol per se has distinctive biological activities and functions, as do related compounds derived from the phosphatidylinositol phosphates.
4. Phosphatidylinositides in Plants
In plants as in animals, polyphosphoinositides exert their regulatory effects by acting as ligands, binding to protein targets via specific lipid-binding domains and so altering the location of proteins and their enzymatic activity. However, it appears that polyphosphoinositide metabolism developed in different ways after the divergence of the animal and plant kingdoms so the details of the processes in each are very different. As in animals, the various phosphoinositides are produced by a series of specific but distinct kinases and phosphatases.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate levels are extremely low in plants (up to 100-fold lower than in mammalian cells), although normal levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate are present. In addition, plants produce phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate via phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and other metabolites are produced via phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Specific functions are now being discovered for each of these lipids, and it has become evident that continuous turnover of these lipids is essential for cell growth and development. For example, they have effects on adaptation to osmotic stress, as well as growth of pollen tubes and root hairs or on guard cell function (this is dealt with at much greater length in our Plant Biochemistry pages). For example, they are produced rapidly in response to osmotic and heat stress, and they have marked effects on the growth of pollen tubes and root hairs and on guard cell function. Although its concentration is low, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate has been shown to have signalling functions by binding to a number of different target proteins, which have characteristic binding domains. For example, together with phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate regulates the activity of a number of actin-binding proteins, which in turn control the activity of the actin cytoskeleton. This has a key role in plant growth, the movement of subcellular organelles, cell division, and plant defense. The specificity of the interactions may be dependent on the fatty acid composition of the lipid and on the activity of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase.
Yeasts produce only five phosphoinositides with more phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate than plants but no phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate or phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. They are produced rapidly in response to nitrogen starvation and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate synthesis in particular is induced by osmotic stress.
Less is known of the metabolism of the water-soluble inositol phosphates in higher plants, which lack a receptor for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and for the target for diacylglycerols, i.e. protein kinase C, although inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate does appear to be involved in controlling the flux of calcium ions under stress conditions especially. It is now believed that inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate), produced at least in part by sequential phosphorylation of 1,4,5-trisphosphate, is a more important cellular messenger, which mobilizes an endomembrane store of calcium ions in plants. Phosphatidic acid, derived from diacylglycerols, is the main second messenger of plant lipids.
5. Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol Anchors for Proteins, Lipophosphoglycans and Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides
Phosphatidylinositol is known to be the anchor that links a variety of proteins to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane via a glycosyl bridge (glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchored proteins). However, this is now considered a sufficiently important topic for its own web page. Lipophosphoglycans (lipoarabinomannans and arabinogalactans) and phosphatidylinositol mannosides are important components of the membranes of parasitic protozoa and bacteria, but for convenience they are also discussed with the GPI-anchored proteins.
6. Lyso-phosphoinositides
It has become apparent relatively recently that like other lysophospholipids, lysophosphatidylinositol, i.e. with a single fatty acid only linked to the glycerol moiety, and the polyphospho- analogues may have messenger functions. They are formed as intermediates in the remodelling of the fatty acid compositions of the lipids, and when arachidonic acid is released for eicosanoid biosynthesis (see above).
2-Arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol, in particular, is an endogenous ligand for a - protein-coupled receptor GPR55, and thereby can induce rapid phosphorylation of specific enzymes, including a protein kinase, which promote cancer cell proliferation, migration and metastasis. It is potentially a precursor of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Lysophosphatidylinositol is a biomarker for poor prognosis in cancer patients, and its concentration is elevated significantly in highly proliferative cancer cells in vitro.
7. Analysis
The book by Kuksis cited below is a definitive guide to the analysis of phosphoinositides. Like all acidic phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol is not particularly easy to isolate in a pure state, special care being necessary to ensure that it is fully resolved from phosphatidylserine. However, this can be accomplished by adsorption TLC or HPLC with care. The phosphatidylinositol phosphates are a different matter, however, because of their high polarity and low abundance in tissues. It is necessary to used acidified solvents to extract them efficiently from tissues and to ensure that they are in a single salt form. For isolation of individual components, TLC methods are usually favoured, although detection can be a problem - one approach being to equilibrate with radioactive phosphorus to facilitate detection and quantification by liquid scintillation counting. HPLC with mass spectrometric (electrospray ionization) detection is showing great promise. Analysis of the lipid-glycoconjugate-protein complexes and of the lipophosphoglycans is a rather specialised task for which modern mass spectrometric and NMR facilities are essential.
Recommended Reading
- Barlow, C.A., Laishram, R.S. and Anderson, R.A. Nuclear phosphoinositides: a signaling enigma wrapped in a compartmental conundrum. Trends Cell Biol., 20, 25-35 (2010) (DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.09.009).
- Boss, W.F. and Im, Y.J. Phosphoinositide signaling. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol., 63, 409-429 (2012) (DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103840).
- Christie, W.W. and Han, X. Lipid Analysis - Isolation, Separation, Identification and Lipidomic Analysis (4th edition), 446 pages (Oily Press, Woodhead Publishing and now Elsevier) (2010) - see Science Direct.
- Corda, D., Zizza, P., Varone, A., Bruzik, K.S. and Mariggio, S. The glycerophosphoinositols and their cellular functions. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 40, 101-107 (2012) (DOI: 10.1042/BST20110679).
- D'Souza, K. and Epand, R.M. Enrichment of phosphatidylinositols with specific acyl chains. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Biomembranes, 1838, 1501-1508 (2014) (DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.003).
- Delage, E., Puyaubert, J., Zachowski, A. and Ruelland, E. Signal transduction pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: Convergences and divergences among eukaryotic kingdoms. Prog. Lipid Res., 52, 1-14 (2013) (DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.08.003).
- Falasca, M. and Maffucci, T. Rethinking phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1793, 1795-1803 (2009) (DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.10.003).
- Gardocki, M.E., Jani, N. and Lopes, J.M. Phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis: biochemistry and regulation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1735, 89-100 (2005) (DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.05.006).
- Kuksis, A. Inositol Phospholipid Metabolism and Phosphatidyl Inositol Kinases. Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Volume 30, 970 pp. (Elsevier, Amsterdam) (2003).
- Mayinge, P. Phosphoinositides and vesicular membrane traffic. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1821, 1104-1113 (2012) (DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.01.002).
- Michell, R.H. Inositol lipids: from an archaeal origin to phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate faults in human disease. FEBS J., 280, 6281-6294 (2013) (DOI: 10.1111/febs.12452).
- Payrastre, B. Phosphoinositides. In: Bioactive Lipids. pp. 63-84 (edited by A. Nicolaou and G. Kokotos, The Oily Press, Bridgwater) (2004).
- Sasaki, T., Takasuga, S., Sasaki, J., Kofuji, S., Eguchi, S., Yamazaki, M. and Suzuki, A. Mammalian phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases. Prog. Lipid Res., 48, 307-343 (2009) (DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.06.001).
- Shewan, A., Eastburn, D.J. and Mostov, K. Phosphoinositides in cell architecture. Cold Spring Harbor Persp. Biol., 3, a004796 (2011) (DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004796).
- Skwarek, L.C. and Boulianne, G.L. Great expectations for PIP: phosphoinositides as regulators of signaling during development and disease. Dev. Cell, 16, 12-20 (2009) (DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.12.006).
- Vance, D.E. and Vance, J. (Editors) Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes (5th Edition). (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam) (2008) - several chapters.
- Vicinanza, M., D'Angelo, G., Di Campli, A. and De Matteis, M.A. Function and dysfunction of the PI system in membrane trafficking. EMBO J., 27, 2457-2470 (2008) (DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.169).
- Yamashita, A., Oka, S., Tanikawa, T., Hayashi, Y., Nemoto-Sasaki, Y. and Sugiura, T. The actions and metabolism of lysophosphatidylinositol, an endogenous agonist for GPR55. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 107, 103–116 (2013) (DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.05.004).
Updated July 1, 2014


text:
bookmark + share
Buy Cleocin 300mg no rx
Our Wedding
June 3, 2016
Newlyweds for 355 days!
Fast and Guaranteed Delivery. Top Quality Cleocin Online!
Enter Here Now to order CLEOCIN in our online drugstore!!!
Buy Cleocin 300mg no rx
Did you know that if you are a female who is an average height, Microwave assisted synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2- cleocin they require consultation with a doctor and a prescription before you can lay your hands on them. but they are not everything. Having low levels of HDL cholesterol. buy cleocin for canadian clindamycin The mucous inflammation is a result of infection or allergy. it may not be as useful. depth measurements for doctors and more comfort for patients. They want to make sure their bills get paid so when in doubt they give out confidential information when they shouldn't. where to buy cleocin chicago Active ingredient: Clindamycin 150/300mg. Cleocin which can also be found in water, This is gas exchange. This medicine is used to treat many kinds of infections.
buy cleocin without no prescription
buy cleocin cheap cleocin order cleocin
buy cleocin website
generic clindamycin online paypal buy
cleocin for sale 2015 uk
buy cleocin cod online no prescription
buy cleocin stores uk tesco
cleocin buy online wholesale
cleocin for sale ireland
cleocin where buy in safely online uk
cheap brand name cleocin
cheapest cleocin paypal
buy womens cleocin online
buy cleocin online is it legal
cheapest cleocin melbourne
clindamycin once a day buy
buy cheap cleocin bars online no prescription
cleocin order for canada
buying cleocin mexico
buy cleocin shipping
how to order cleocin united states
buy cleocin wholesale
purchase cleocin generic
online order cleocin
cleocin forum buy
buy cleocin register
cleocin original online no prescription cheap
cleocin buying in bulk
how to buy clindamycin with prescription
cheap online clindamycin no prescription
places to buy cleocin
how to buy cleocin online in australia cheap
ou acheter du cleocin sans ordonnance
buy cleocin dunboyne
buy cleocin generic line
cheap generic cleocin
buy cleocin online with mastercard
where to buy cleocin generic
clindamycin cheap alternatives
clindamycin professional to buy
where to buy cleocin online paypal
safe to order cleocin online
read more info

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Start a Trial
Sign in
Historical Events
Family Trees
Become a Member
Become a Member
Annapolis Capital Newspaper Archives
January 08, 1995
- Page 1
First Name
Last Name
With All of the Words
With the Exact Phrase
Go to advanced search
Discover Your History
Issue Date:
Sunday, January 8, 1995
Pages Available:
Previous Edition:
Saturday, January 7, 1995
Next Edition:
Monday, January 9, 1995
Annapolis Capital
Publication Name:
Annapolis Capital
Annapolis, Maryland
Pages Available:
Years Available:
1887 - 2009
Learn More About This Publication
2.17+ Billion Articles and Growing Everyday!
More Than 400 Years of Papers. From 1607 to Today!
Articles Covering 50 U.S.States + 22 Other Countries
Powerful, Time Saving Search Features!
Find Your Ancestors Now
Newspaper Archives
Birth Records
Census Records
Marriage Records
Death Records
Divorce Records
Military Records
View Sample Pages : Annapolis Capital, January 08, 1995
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7
Page 8
Page 9
Page 10
Page 11
Get Access to These Newspapers
Plus 2.17+ Billion Other Articles
NewspaperARCHIVE.com -
Used by the World's Finest Libraries and Institutions
OCR Text
Capital, The (Newspaper) - January 8, 1995, Annapolis, Maryland Lobbyists ready for action Bl Computer page debuts NINERS COAST San Fran wins Steelers rout da Bears Cl County police TCI threatens to pull plug JAN. Slain woman begged for suspect's jail release have not will charge my fiance with this second for which he is being held. nor will I testify against him in the other Susan McAteer wrote. She was found stabbed to death Dee. the man eharged was her fiance By P.J. SHUEY Staff Writer Months before she was stabbed to Susan McAteer of Annapolis wrote a letter askmg that the man now charged with her murder be released from jail. trust Richard with my well-being as I trust no other human she wrote on Aug 18 to District Court Judge Vincent Mulien On July Richard Janey had attacked the 32 year old woman on Pleasant punch- ing kicking her when she fell and beating her with a bottle as he dragged her past West Street to Larkin Street She suffered a black eye and a broken nose. On- July while out on Mr. Janey punched her in the face on Pleasant breaking her jaw and knocking out three of her teeth. Mr. who Ms. McAteer called her was arrested hours later at Anne Arundel Medical Center while trying to get into the hospital to see her. she wrote the letter asking that Mr Janey be released from where he was being held without bond. have not will charge'my fiance with this second for which he is being held nor will I testify against him in the other Ms. McAteer wrote. After she was compelled to appear in District Mr. Janey was convicted of battery and sentenced to six months of work- release at the county Detention He walked out and did not return on Oct. 11 On Dec Ms. McAteer of Southgate was found stabbed more than 20 her body dumped in a wooded area north of Bestgate about one mile outside the city. Mr of 128 Obery was arrested the next day and charged with first- degree murder Although county police investigators have not detailed what preceded the Ms. McAteer's letter provides a glimpse of the relationship between the victim and the sus- pect. After he was Mr. Janey allegedly Page Schaefer's Swan Song By David W Capital talked recently about hht eight at governor during the waning hours of hit administration. Leaving ibHc and he also leaves with a million budget surplus the same amount he BfO OF A GOVERNOR tenure about to end The1 ftatBoTWSfiam Donald Schaefer might stay in office while a judge decides his successor would be a him of events oddly ajipropriateford governor whose tenure'has been both entertaining and infuriating. A short extension in office might be a fitting end for an executive who won his first election by the largest of then watched his popularity dip impossibly low in his second term. And it might be satisfying for a politician who backed candidates in both gubernatorial actively opposing the two who won. But for Mr. during eight years built a mammoth baseball park for laid a light rail finished roads west to West Virginia and east to Ocean signed the largest stiffest gun control measures in the nation no twist of fate seems too absurd. Through it he has spoken his mind. Always rankling his he has often chafed who found his off- difficult He has been known to don sflly talk to He has shown Up on the doorsteps of his critics and invited himself inside. He has written stinging often comical letters to citizens who blast him. He compared the Eastern Shore to an outhouse. He has cried over the fate of crack criticized his lieutenant governor as a Page Our ttov.Sehaefw Is a American pubHc servant A8 Born Nov. In Baltimore to William and Tululu Schaefer. Graduated from the University of Baltimore law school In 1942. Served In the Army from 1942 to 1945. Ran for the House of Delegates In losing his first and only election. Elected to the Baltimore City Council In 1955 and re-elected In 1959 and 1963. Elected Baltimore City Council president In After one term as council elected mayor In 1971. Re-elected mayor In 1979 and 1983. Elected governor In 1986 with 82 percent of the vote and re-elected In 1990 with just under 60 percent of the vote. '95 session begins with loose ends Convenes this Wednesday ByTODDSPANGLER Staff Writer Even though Parris N. Glendenmg is still the favorite to be inaugurated governor Jan. the effect of Republi- can Ellen R. Sauerbrey's strpng show- ing at the polls will be felt by the General Assembly when its 90-day ses- sion opens Wednesday. Legislative leaders and minority Re- publicans are talking tax prompted by the 24 percent income-tax slice Mrs. Sauerbrey championed dur- ing her campaign. Also on the legislature's agenda for the session will be local issues includ- ing funding for a new county jail near Glen Burnie and County Executive John G. Gary Jr.'s proposals to recall soft judges and change the way school board members are appointed. Legislative leaders under House Speaker Casper R. and Senate President Thomas V. Mike D-Prince are consider- ing issues that could make this session a memorable one. They range from welfare reform to death penalty measures to chang- ing the ways lobby- ists do business. vet- erans and the 82 new members OLENDENING may be pre- occupied by Mrs. Sauerbrey's court challenge of the Nov. 8 election results. But the first days of the session are likely to be dominated by opponents of the new Vehicle Emis- sions Inspection The new which is longer and more has come under fire from many motorists. Sen. Philip C. Jimeno and Del. Joan both Brooklyn Park Detno- PREVIEW. Page Key dates of Interest. A6 New no delay for Sauerbrey ByTODDSPANGLER Staff Writer Circuit Judge Raymond G. Thieme Jr. yesterday allowed Ellen R. Sauer- brey to change lawyers .just two days before her challenge to the Nov. 8 governor's election is set to but he refused to delay the trial. the Republican and her investigators will present arguments in Anne Arundel County Circuit Court that thousands of votes were either miscast or costing her the electron to governor-elect Parris N. Glendenmg. The trial begins just days before the General Assembly begins its session and eight day's before Mr. Glendenmg is scheduled to be inaugurated. Mrs. Sauerbrey's new lawyers Annapolis attorney John R. Grelber and law school professor Byron L. Warnken asked yesterday that they be given extra day to lire- pare. Judge Thieve refused the re- quest allow- ing her former at- SAUEjtpREY torneys to resigri from the case. change of counsel is the tioners' election.... I would not post- pone the case because of he said. He also ruled that all information regarding Mrs. Sauerbrey's allegations of voter including reports that people who were incarcerated or dead had votes cast for be forwarded Page WlATHTR 4031 HIGH LOW SOME Partly sunny today. Cloudy tomorrow. D2. Hoop action Rasheed Wallace scored 15 of his 21 points In the second taking advantage of Joe Smith's foul woes as No. 1 North Carolina beat No. 7 Maryland 100-90. Navy was a loser to Bucknell 73-63. Cl NATION FORD In the third shooting at a Michigan auto factory since an employee opened fire In a Ford Motor Co. plant wounding his estranged then killing her boyfriend and himself. A2 LIFESTYLE A TIGHT the fields are the leaves are gone from the trees. But hope springs and so do New Year's resolutions. In local health clubs reap a bumper crop of new members who want to get Into tl INDE X H Arundel Report Dl Edttorlali .....Afl-9 BurtMM........ Bl Cap Camera..... F13 A2-3 Classified. F1-F13 OMtuarlet........02 Comics Gl Travel.................E8 Classified..................278-7000 Circulation-------------26S-4MO ;
About Us
Contact Us
Free Newspaper Archives
© Copyright 2017 NewspaperARCHIVE.com. All rights reserved.


text:
Most Profitable Sports Leagues
Question: What team is the most valuable of the 30 clubs in the NBA?
(You can find the answer at the end of this article.)
Television contracts with national broadcast and cable networks. Sales of jerseys, hats, T-shirts, and jackets. Advertising sales to global corporations such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's and MasterCard. These are all items that fatten the bottom lines of professional sports leagues.
For the major pro sports, the yearly revenues and profit margins resulting from these sources of income can be absolutely insane, going into the billions of dollars. We'll look at how much the five most profitable sports circuits are pulling in and the biggest contributing factors to their financial success.
In the major American pro sports leagues, we calculated profit by combining the operating incomes for each team because a profit figure for the league as a whole is not readily available.
Note: All amounts of money are in U.S. dollars.
Number 5
NBAOverall profit: $207 million
Pro basketball used to have an ad slogan that said its action was fantastic. David Stern and company should certainly feel that way about the league's moneymaking results. According to Forbes.com, the combined operating income for the NBA's 30 teams was about $207 million in 2006, making it the third most profitable of the big four American pro sports circuits.
The league is focusing on three central business objectives: expanding corporate sponsorship, focusing on diverse fan demographics, and expanding into international markets. In 2005, NBA sponsors contributed a total of about $360 million. Merchandise sales have risen to nearly $2.1 billion and about 20% of all NBA garb is now sold outside of the U.S. The league is in the midst of a six-year, $4.6 billion television deal, with nearly 15% of that cash coming from overseas.
Number 4
Formula OneOverall profit: $435 million
Formula One chief Bernie Ecclestone took a pay cut in 2005. Before anyone feels sorry for him, consider that his salary dropped from $4.6 million to $4 million. He probably didn't care that much about it, and the average fan wouldn't either, considering that 2005 was a tremendous year for F1.
The commercial arm of F1, Formula One Administration, had pre-tax profits of $435 million on revenues of $787 million. Those results sent the circuit zooming past the totals racked up in 2004, a year in which profits — excluding a one-time payment of $93 million — were just $320 million on revenues totaling $705 million. New races in Turkey, China and Bahrain were the reason for the improved finances.
Number 3
MLBOverall profit: $496 million
The financial picture has improved big time for big-league baseball. In 2004, MLB's 30 teams posted an overall operating loss of $57 million. Fast forward to 2006, when labor peace, new stadiums, exciting pennant races, and better marketing helped clubs collectively earn a record operating income of nearly $496 million, according to Forbes.com — which is second among the big four American sports leagues.
Fueling this success: average ticket prices of $22 — which led to a gate receipt total of $1.9 billion, a figure that's 8% higher than in previous seasons. Overall revenue for MLB was up in '06 to a total of $5.1 billion or 9% higher than the year before.
The top two most profitable leagues...


text:
SAN BERNARDINO -- A video put online late Saturday night shows what appears to be a man attempting to gather signatures to recall Councilwoman Wendy McCammack by falsely claiming that he works with the city and is attempting to protect McCammack.
"We just basically want to get her back on the council, get her back on the ballot, have her voice heard," says the man in the video, which looks like it was taken by a security camera as the man comes to the door of a resident in McCammack's 7th Ward.
When the woman who answers the door questions him, he sticks to the story for about three minutes before she says the document looks like a recall petition and he abruptly leaves.
During that time, he also falsely states that "they actually busted half the council members and the city attorney embezzling money, but Wendy McCammack was not part of that scandal."
No charges have been filed against sitting officials, and no evidence of any embezzlement has been presented in the year since the city announced a $45 million deficit and began the process of filing for bankruptcy protection.
The video was put on YouTube and shared on Twitter by a group that describes itself as "San Bernardino Citizens, Business Owners and Community Leaders Against the Recall."
Recall spokesman Michael McKinney said he suspects the person in the video, who gives his name as Sean Simpson, isn't affiliated with the drive to recall McCammack and other city officials that's managed by McKinney and headed by San Bernardino resident and developer Scott Beard.
"It seems a little set up and contrived to me," McKinney said Sunday morning. "We absolutely do not agree with anything that the signature-gatherer said in that video. We would actually fire somebody who would do something like that."
McKinney said signature-gatherers are given talking points specific to each targeted official, trained on how to gather those signatures and warned not to gather signatures under false pretenses.
Part of that training includes not handing a petition to a resident, as the man in the video does, although they will stand next to the resident and allow them to read it, McKinney said.
McKinney said he will check to see if the man in the video is part of one of the professional signature-gathering companies he works with, but he suggested the video might be a fake created by the recall targets.
"Given some of their other misleading statements, I wouldn't put it past them to set this up," McKinney said, referring to anti-recall efforts saying the recall is an attempt to raise water rates for the profit of those behind the recall -- a charge recall opponents stand by but recall proponents say is baseless. "It could be a little good old-fashioned political retribution."
McCammack said she wasn't surprised by that accusation but that it wouldn't make sense to stage something so close to the deadline for signature-gathering when recall proponents have claimed -- to skepticism from recall targets -- that they have enough signatures for nearly every official they're targeting.
"Denial is the easiest but the most deceptive way out," McCammack said. "And if this is staged, why would any target of a recall wait this long to stage something this powerful, or this powerfully deceptive?"
She said the video shows the character of the entire recall effort.
"I think this whole recall circus is evidenced by the words spoken by a recall petitioner, which clearly speaks for itself," she said.
Affidavits from residents and at least one signature-gatherer will show that such deceptive practices were widespread among those gathering signatures, according to City Attorney James F. Penman.
One signature-gatherer says -- under penalty of perjury -- that she was told to say Penman had stolen $45 million, was no longer city attorney and was in hiding because there was a warrant out for his arrest, Penman said.
"There's no lie they won't tell, no matter how outrageous, to cover up the real reasons for this recall," he said.
Penman said he believes the two reasons for the recall are to sell the city's water system -- earning money for recall proponents as brokers -- and to eliminate the officials who opposed decisions Penman says led to the city's bankruptcy filing.
Mayor Pat Morris and his supporters disagree about what decisions led to the city's insolvency.
McKinney has previously responded to the city attorney's claims by calling Penman a liar and suggesting the affidavits were signed by Penman's friends.
Recall organizers say the purpose of the recall effort is to remove the officials they consider responsible for the city's bankruptcy filing and its declining condition before that. They say that as the campaign winds to a close they are focusing their energy on officials who aren't already up for election in November, including McCammack and Penman.


text:
Date of Stay: July, 2008
This was a very nice campground; however, we did not feel it was well designed for big rigs like we have. There were several permanent sites. The bathrooms were clean, but there was no AC. It was like being at summer camp when you were a child when going to the bathrooms, not what you want to experience as an adult--been there done that. The snack bar had very good selection, but was expensive. The staff was very friendly and helpful. Check-In was excellent!
Date of Stay: July, 2008
We very much enjoyed our stay at this campground. It was very clean, and the staff was very friendly. We were a late check-in as was another couple that we met. We both wished we could have gotten a card to access the Wi-Fi in our late check-in packet. We will definitely return here when we go back to Williamsburg. It was very easy to get to Busch Garden, Water Country USA, and nearby historic areas. We also found it very easy to get to Wal-mart.
Date of Stay: April, 2008
This campground has the best staff ever. Not only are they very friendly and helpful, but you can tell they are proud of the campground and love working there. The entrance is a little hard to find so pay attention to signs. You will pull in right next to the big wooden roller coaster at the back of the park, but it's very easy to get into once you are there. The shuttle to Carowinds is great. It runs right on the half hour as they say, and the drivers are always so helpful. We visit this campground often as we are season pass holders for Cedar Fair Parks. We have actually even stayed here when we were in the Charlotte area for a show or to go shopping for the weekend. We really enjoy this campground; it is one of our favorites. It does not have cable or park wide Wi-Fi but it is very clean, has a great pool, playground, and free putt putt. We will return many times over.


text:
OK, I'm going to start this without giving my opinion on the subject. i saw something today that made me think about this.Questions: What do you think about women in top leadership positions? In what leadership positions might they be best? Are there positions that women should never hold? Should women be evaluated in the same way as men, when considered for a leadership position?that ought to do for a start :evil:
I To think Hillary may be that woman is sickening to me.
when i was young, my mother called me my fathers oldest son. it is true that he taught me to shoot, bought me boxing gloves so i could fight my brothers, and taught me how to win a debate. he also taught me that if i was doing the popular thing, i was probably doing the wrong thing.
the last might be the key to why most women, and especially American woman, are poor leaders. women tend to want to lead by consensus. that's fine if you are the head nurse and trying to figure out which night to have the pot luck. it does not work when you are a general in combat, or the president of the US.
women tend to be more emotional, and hold on to grudges....or try to buy consensus with favors. Pelosi did this with Jane Harmon, and Jack Mertha.
women tend to look at everything through their womanhood. again Pelosi is a good example. when interviewed about the plane request, she started one statement "as a women.....". i thought $^* does being a women have to do with whether you plane needs to refuel or not.....unless there is no head on the thing.....then maybe I'd want a pit stop.....
American society has played a role. we do not have royalty, so we have no women groomed from birth to be leaders. we have traditionally protected women, so we don't turn out a Golda Meir. we have made such a big deal of feminism, that we are more concerned with a '1st', than we are with a 'best'. Karpinski was a good example. I don't know if she was the first female US field general, but she is among the first. if you go back a look at her military history, it's more about the things she did as a military WOMAN, than as a military leader.
sort story: when i was in the military, there was a field specialty that i really wanted. when i first went in, it was closed to women because it was considered a combat assignment. some flipping feminist finally talked the pentagon into letting women into this specialty, and even though i was getting kind of old for that game, i decided to go for it. the deal the military made was that we had to meet the same standards that the guys met. that was fine with me. of the 20 or so who started, 5 of us finished. upon completion, a military reporter stuck a mic in our face and wanted to know how we felt about being among the first women to complete this program.....we had already been instructed to be polite....which was his good fortune....but i have always wondered why he didn't go ask the other 15 how it felt to be the first women to have failed.....
IMHO we need to pay less attention to firsts...first black/latino/women/catholic/mormon.....and more attention to the leadership qualities of the person we put out there. a failed leader, is a failed leader. in the end it does not matter what they look like. and....we need to remember that being popular, is not the same as being a leader.
So let's write off Condoleeza Rice, Shirley Chisom, Kathleen Blanco and countless more
Thing is, women lead differently
there are definitely good women leaders
You can lead without being in the forefront.
I know this will stir up some argument but you asked.
I am a Christian so I see this question from a totally different angle then some.
I feel women can have jobs to help the husband and family, of course I am now talking about a married woman. I do not believe that women should work on a carrier unless they plan on having NO family and I feel that all women should be more womanly like then what a lot of them are today.
Today we have a lot of liberated women who feel they have to be better then a man, emotionally and physically. Married women should put most of their attention on their family, raising children and such. Unmarried women should be trying to get married and having children.
Those that do not want a family can work any job fit for a female. I do not think women need to try and be men nor do I feel they, women, have something to prove, like they are just as good as a man. I do feel that women in the same line of work as men should have the same opportunity as a man for advancement and raises.
I think our society needs to go back a little in time and treat women as a woman, not as a man and not as a sex object. I do think if more mothers were at home when Johnny got home from school we would have less trouble with our children then we do now, this is only part of the problem with have today.


text:
[Date Index]
[Thread Index]
[Author Index]
Re: Re: v6: still no multiple undo?
On 15 Jun 2007, at 17:29, David wrote:
Everything I wrote still seems very clear to me, but since there is
at least one person who thinks otherwise, I will try to make it even
clearer. T
1. First, let's imagine the most optimistic scenario. A complete
multiple undo of everything in Mathematica, at 0 cost in performance
and all developed by one of WRI's brilliant programmers outside work
hours (just out of kindness or for fun) in order to make a free gift
to all Mathematica users. Would I be against it? No way! I don't
normally refuse free gifts (in case anyone was wondering) and I am
sure I would find a good use for this sort of thing. Even if, instead
fo the above, we were offered only a multiple undo of input text
only, but also at no cost in performance or development time, I would
not have any problems with it (even though I can't remember ever
having found myself missing this feature).
2. On the other hand: even the most perfect multiple undo is
unacceptable to me if it is going to make my computer unusable. I
change my computer (I only work on Mac laptops) approximately every 3
years and I always find that near the end of this period it feels
slower than my ancient Mac Plus (which I still have). I have no
desire and can't really afford to reduce the length of this cycle.
3. As for the feature itself, I would of course like to have it under
the conditions described in point 1, but other than that I can think
of many other features I would rather have instead. I could, at this
point, start listing them, but that would really be off topic and
would require more time and space than I am willing to devote to this
Andrzej Kozlowski
> You asked for a quote... one of your posts is one of those that would
> seem to argue against multi-level undo because it might slow down your
> computer or the WRI developers from more important tasks. If you're
> not
> arguing against, then I don't understand why you posted to this thread
> and why you made the following statements.
> ---Andjez Koslowski wrote:---
> There are a few features that are useful to everyone, and there are
> many that are useful only to some but (unless they are made somehow
> optional), will slow down everyone, forcing people either to get new
> hardware or give up other features that they really need by having to
> stick with older versions.
> I agree that a multiple undo would occasionally be useful, but I
> certainly would not pay the price of having my computer paralyzed for
> a few minutes every time time I save. Besides, I can think of many
> other features, more directly relevant to the main purpose of
> Mathematica, that I would rather have than this one. Of course a
> simple kind of multiple undo, one that only undoes typing and not
> evaluation, might not present any problems, though it would hardly be
> worth making so much fuss about. Anything that would bring my
> computer to a halt is unacceptable to me, however nice it might be
> for people who alsways have the latest hardware. All I wanted to
> point out is that there is also this aspect to features like this one
> and I hope that WRI does not forget about it when designing new
> versions.
> Andrzej Kozlowski
> ---
> I will not reply to any future dissections of my posts by you.


text:
(Sung to the theme from the fourth movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony)
Near to Rio Grande's waters, stately towers above the plain,
Stands our noble Alma Mater, wisdom raised for all to gain.
Binding nations, hearts and visions, aspirations ever new,
Hail to Thee, our Alma Mater!
Hail to Thee, dear TAMIU!
'neath sun and gentle breezes, dove and deer lodge safely by,
May Thy children, safe in wisdom, flourish ever 'neath Thy sky.
Pledge we faith and homage ever, joined in our diversity,
May time ne'er efface the memory of our University.
Hail to Thee, our Alma Mater!
Hail to Thee, dear TAMIU!
©1996 Lyrics by Ray M. Keck, III and Family
Alumni Relations / Office of the Vice President for Institutional Advancement
firstname.lastname@example.com • TEL 956.326.GIVE (4483) • FAX 956.326.2174
5201 University Boulevard, Killam Library, Rm. 261
Laredo, Texas 78041-1900
Texas A&M International University
5201 University Boulevard
Laredo, TX 78041
© 2016


text:
Apr 4, 2012 - The Associated PressComment needed on wolf rules
CASPER (AP) -- The Wyoming Game and Fish Department is holding a public meeting in Casper on draft regulations governing gray wolf management and hunting.
The meeting is set for 7 p.m. Wednesday at the Casper Game and Fish Office.
The proposed regulations include rules for lethal take of gray wolves, options for non-lethal wolf control, population management goals, hunt areas, seasons and other bag limits for a potential 2012 gray wolf hunting season.
The Wyoming Game and Fish Commission will consider the proposed regulations governing gray wolf management and gray wolf hunting at its April 25-26 meeting in Casper.
State lags in college degrees
CHEYENNE (AP) -- A foundation that advocates for increasing access to higher education says the number of Wyoming college graduates needs to increase faster to keep the state competitive.
The report by the Lumina Foundation projects that about 62 percent of jobs in Wyoming will require at least an associate's degree by 2018.
The Lumina Foundation's goal is for all states to have 60 percent of their adults with the degrees by 2025.
According to 2010 U.S. Census data, about 37 percent of Wyoming's population had either a two- or four-year college degree.
Oil company gives $1M to UW
LARAMIE (AP) -- Marathon Oil Corp. has announced a $1 million donation to the University of Wyoming for energy related academic and research programs.
The state will match the gift with $1 million of its own to bring the total contribution to $2 million.
The money will support research into the extraction of energy resources from unconventional energy reservoirs.
Marathon is based in Houston and has been operating in Wyoming for 100 years.
In a ceremony Tuesday on the UW campus in Laramie, Gov. Matt Mead thanked the company for its investment in the state.
UW President Tom Buchanan says Marathon's gift continues a tradition of collaboration between industry and university research to equip UW students with the state-of-the-art know-how required to solve the energy challenges facing Wyoming and the world.
Get your copy of The Ranger online, every day! If you are a current print subscriber and want to also access dailyranger.com online (there is nothing more to purchase) including being able to download The Mining and Energy Edition, click here. Looking to start a new online subscription to dailyranger.com (even if it is for just one day)? Access our secure SSL encrypted server and start your subscription now by clicking here.


text:
iPhone 4 HELP
Just got the iphone 4... and it will not connect. UConnect says it's not compatible... but Uconnect's own website says it is. My dealership says I need some passcode from Apple... Verizon doesn't know what the heck is going on and neither does Apple.
Does anyone know anything??
I have the 430 (RBZ)... no nav. Anyone had any luck pairing? Thx.
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
Apple blocks a lot of stuff from pairing with their devices. You could Jailbreak your iPhone 4, like myself, and then try 3rd party underground application that would help.
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
It may be that since my iphone is brand new and has the latest (4.2.6) software, that's the problem...
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
Mine and my wife's iPhone 4's pair perfectly with the 430N but since the pairing is through uConnect, which I think is the same on both models, it should pair fine. It doesn't need to be jailbroken to pair for headset use, you just need to enable bluetooth and make sure it's discoverable. No different than pairing a bluetooth headset.
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
Apple uses a nonstandard Bluetooth implementation in the iPhone 4. There have been software updates to both the RER and RHB to establish compatibility. I don't know what is available for the RBZ.
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
IPhone4.... bummer dude IPhone 5 will be out in a few months.
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
^Don't hold your breath.
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
iphone 4 from verizon has not been tested w/ 430 RBZ.
iphone 4 on ATT has been tested, but its interactions vary with which radio you have.
Unless Uconnect is planning on testing and making software changes (doubtful?)
I would say you are sol.... which is pretty lame.
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
Not SOL. Why.......? Because there plently of underground software that will allow you to pair with anything. I'll do research later and give you info. It's worth a try because it works with other stuff.
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
Default Bluetooth password is "0000". that could be the password they are talking about.
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
You should make sure you have the latest iOS on your iPhone 4 via iTunes first. Then simply pair it with the RHR. Just that simple. If I recall correctly, just hit the phone voice command button on the steering wheel and say phone pairing.
Have you ever paired your iPhone with anything Bluetooth before? It is simple, but you also need to have Bluetooth ON in your iPhone settings. Then once you start the pairing you pick a 4 digit code to pair. Very simple and works great.
Re: iPhone 4 HELP
Ok. Just did some research and found that the problem isn't the iPhone 4. The problem is the MyGig. Make sure your MyGig is on the latest software version. My other suggestion is to go to a dealership and test your iPhone in other WK2's with Uconnect.
The Bluetooth function in your MyGig HU could be bad and I wouldn't be surprised if it is. I found on a forum that someone with a new vehicle had to replace their MyGig HU and the problem was solved.
Others were able to solve the issue by updating the MyGig HU to the latest software.
The iPhone 4 isn't the issue. But......you do have the Verizon iPhone 4 which has different hardware. I would suggest researching to see if others with the Verizon iPhone 4 are able to pair with Uconnect.
If others with Verizon's iPhone 4 are able to connect and you've tried everything but they fail, I would suggest replacing the MyGig HU. Why not? You paid for it and it's suppose to work but it isn't. It's worth a try because others have been able solve this issue by replacing it.
I'm sure it would be covered under warranty.
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 12:13 PM.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.8
Copyright ©2000 - 2017, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright 2012 - JeepGarage.Org
The Jeep Grand Cherokee Owners Community


text:
Printable View
Congrats on the new addition to the family.
Didn't realize the concrete and shiny gun combo was such a taboo. Duly noted. I just liked the differences of texture.
Those revolvers look better than usual. I cleaned them up for the pics. The SP gets carried often and is usually my nightstand gun. When it gets to looking bad, I re-polish it. Carried the GP some a few years back. At that time I used a scotchbrite pad to give it a brushed stainless look. Made cleaning easy and hid scratches well.
Have a holster on order for the SR. Will see how the mat stainless holds up once it starts riding around on my hip.
Thanks again for the compliments guys. I like my Rugers too. Smoothed up the triggers and improved the sights on the revolvers. Seems like the more you shoot them the better they get.
That is an awesome trio you have. Be sure on updating us once you put a few rounds down range
Great photos. I bought a blanket/throw in winter camo from Wal-Mart for about $10. I plan on using it for a background when I start photos on my guns. My wife said I can't use the bath towels.
I have several Rugers. They all shoot great. I had a P97 (.45 ACP) that I didn't like much. And it wouldn't handle Wolf steel case without jamming. But my wife says next year I can get a .45 again. I'm seriously considering the Ruger SR1911 and the Taurus 1911. Just because I want one.
Received a Simply Rugged Cuda OWB holster, extra mag holder and belt for my SR1911 in the mail today.
Turnaround time was 12 days from order to door.
First impressions from wearing it around the house for a few hours....the set up is comfortable and concealable for a large side arm. I'm very happy.
Love the one I have for my SP101 and will get more for other pistols as time goes on.
Pics soon.
Yeah, I could tell that SP101 has spent some time being rubbed upon. It looks like it's chrome plated!
The pistol is defiantly more accurate than I am. Plenty of bulls eyes first time out. I was very surprised to keep all seven rounds on a paper plate just point shooting from the hip at seven yards. Did it a few different times and was able to keep four or five rounds on the plate each time. Will have to try some larger targets to see how/where I am off.
I'm really liking this pistol.


text:
Foam Insulation can save you anywhere from 30-50% on your monthly energy costs, due to the significant reduction of attic temperatures. A foamed attic will be stay within 7-12 degrees of the temperature you set inside your home, as opposed to being based on the ambient temperature. That means no more stifling hot or freezing cold attic space, and therefore less energy and money to heat or cool your home.
Plus, foam insulation means your HVAC equipment will never again have to try to perform miracles in extreme heat or cold, reducing repair costs and prolonging the life of your equipment.
Can you afford NOT to invest in foam insulation?


text:
Driving a taxi in Sana'a, Yemen's capital, Abu Jandal says the job lets him "go out and mingle with people," and as often as he jokes and exchanges stories with fares, he also lies outright, telling one nervous client the camera on the dashboard is turned off. "It belongs to a foreign company making a film about the daily life of taxi drivers," he says, "Because they hear there's an economic crisis and life is hard." The questioner doesn't know that Abu Jandal is Osama bin Laden's former bodyguard, that he was imprisoned in Yemen for his participation in the U.S.S. Cole bombing, or that he is, at the time of filming, concerned that his brother-in-law, Salim Hamdan, is imprisoned at Guantánamo Bay. Such storytelling seems to come easily to Abu Jandal. Throughout Laura Poitras' superb documentary, The Oath, he appears to be a good father, a deeply charismatic and manipulative interviewee, and a thoughtful former jihadist. Maybe. Though the film has no access to Hamdan, it cuts between Yemen and Guantánamo, where lawyers report on Hamdan's trial by U.S. military commission. Abu Jandal says more than once that he feels responsible for Hamdan's trouble, that he helped him to get work as bin Laden's driver, a job that led to his imprisonment. Asserting his sense of responsibility for what happened to Hamdan, Abu Jandal also remains elusive, asking that Poitras "delete" an answer he's made the day before. She does not, but rather includes the request, but it's an inclusion that complicates Abu Jandal's allure and credibility rather than undermining them.
See PopMatters' review.


text:
Boy you are rolling out the Classics today arent ya
This is a discussion on Gun Control Refresher within the Off Topic & Humor Discussion forums, part of the The Back Porch category; Last ''P95 Archive'' for now ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Gun Control Refresher 1.. An armed man is a citizen. An unarmed man is a victim. 2.. A gun ...
Last ''P95 Archive'' for now
Gun Control Refresher
1.. An armed man is a citizen. An unarmed man is a victim.
2.. A gun in the hand is better than a cop on the phone.
3.. Smith & Wesson: The original point and click interface.
4.. Gun control is not about guns; it's about control.
5.. If guns are outlawed, can we use swords?
6.. If guns cause crime, then pencils cause misspelled words.
7.. Free men do not ask permission to bear arms.
8.. If you don't know your rights you don't have any.
9.. Those who trade liberty for security have neither.
10.. The United States Constitution (c) 1791. All Rights Reserved.
11.. What part of "shall not be infringed" do you not understand?
12.. The Second Amendment is in place in case they ignore the others.
13.. 64,999,987 firearms owners killed no one yesterday.
14.. Guns only have two enemies: Rust and Politicians.
15.. Know guns, know peace and safety. No guns, no peace nor safety.
16.. You don't shoot to kill; you shoot to stay alive.
17.. 911 - government sponsored Dial-a-Prayer.
18.. Assault is a behavior, not a device.
19.. Criminals love gun control - it makes their jobs safer.
20.. If Guns cause Crime, then Matches cause Arson.
21.. A government that's afraid of it's citizens, tries to control them.
22.. You only have the rights you are willing to fight for.
23 ..If you remove the people's right to bear arms, you create slaves.
24.. The American Revolution wouldn't have happened with Gun Control.
25.. "...a government by the people, for the people..."
Chris - P95
NRA Certified Instructor & NRA Life Member.
"To own a gun and assume that you are armed
is like owning a piano and assuming that you are a musician!."
http://www.rkba-2a.com/ - a portal for 2A links, articles and some videos.
Boy you are rolling out the Classics today arent ya
I always thought gun control was breathing, sight picture, and trigger squeeze.
EOD - Initial success or total failure
I thought it was my sig line
Gun control is hitting what you aim at


text:
Information for patients
We are moving from promise to practice in the clinic.View our clinical trials
About Enfortumab Vedotin (ASG-22ME)
ASG-22ME is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting Nectin-4, which can be found on multiple cancers, including urothelial, breast, lung and pancreatic. The antibody is attached to a potent, synthetic cytotoxic (cell-killing) agent, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), via an enzyme-cleavable linker using Seattle Genetics' proprietary technology.
The linker system is designed to be stable in the bloodstream and release the cell-killing agent once inside target cancer cells. This approach is intended to spare non-targeted cells and thus reduce many of the toxic effects patients may experience during treatment with traditional chemotherapy while enhancing the antitumor activity.
We are co-developing ASG-22ME under an agreement with Astellas. ASG-22ME is in a phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of escalating doses of ASG-22ME in patients with urothelial cancer.


text:
Hawthorn Berry Relaxes the Brain and Lowers LDL Cholesterol
Byron J. Richards, Board Certified Clinical Nutritionist
Listen to Byron Explain
Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin.
Hawthorn berry is a nutrient best known as a heart tonic and cardiovascular relaxer, with a well-documented ability to help patients with Class I and Class II heart failure. Several new studies show that hawthorn has distinct calming effect on the brain and can even lower LDL cholesterol.
Recent animal studies show that hawthorn berry can reduce anxious/hyper behavior1. It also demonstrated analgesic effect on the nerves via enhanced natural activity of central nervous system opiates. The researchers concluded that their findings "support the traditional use of this plant to treat stress, nervousness, sleep disorders, and pain control."
In another study mice were fed a high cholesterol diet2 for eight weeks to induce elevated LDL cholesterol and plaque accumulation in the arteries. Mice that showed significant damage to arteries were then divided into three groups: a control group, a statin-treated group, and a group treated with hawthorn berry. Both the statin and hawthorn berry groups had lower triglycerides and improved ratio between LDL and total cholesterol despite being on a high cholesterol diet. However, only the hawthorn berry group had significantly lowered LDL cholesterol.
Read More: Brain Health News, Cholesterol News
Referenced Studies:
More Health News
Loading articles...
Loading content...View All Health News Archives
Popular Related News:
About Wellness Resources:


text:
Skip to main content
Rovers Wall
Rovers PlayerHD
Switch to Mobile
Blackburn Rovers
In this section
Latest News
Development Squad News
Academy News
Ladies News
Lottery News
Community News
Video News
Rovers on Twitter
Rovers on Facebook
Rovers on YouTube
Rovers on Instagram
Rovers on Google+
Rovers on Pinterest
Rovers on Foursquare
Rovers PlayerHD
Buy Tickets
Business Finder
Fixtures & Results
In this section
League Table
First Team Fixtures
Match Preview
Match Report
Development Squad Fixtures
Under-18 Fixtures
Ladies Fixtures
Rovers Player Match Highlights
Buy Match Tickets
Match Galleries
Development Squad Archive
Under-18 Archive
Ladies Archive
Rovers PlayerHD
Buy Tickets
Business Finder
In this section
Matchday Tickets
Season Tickets
Matchday Hospitality
Stadium Plan
Directions to Ewood
Parking at Ewood
Away Travel
Matchday FAQs
Buy Tickets Online
Visiting Ewood Park
Striker's Family Lounge
Family Stand Guide
Ground Tours
Food Entry Policy
Rovers PlayerHD
Buy Tickets
Business Finder
In this section
First Team
Backroom Staff
Development Squad
Ladies Team
Regional Talent Club
Rovers Player Highlights
Former Players Association
Rovers PlayerHD
Buy Tickets
Business Finder
In this section
Head to Head Stats
Player Stats
Previous Development Squad results
Previous Under-18 results
Previous Ladies results
Rovers PlayerHD
Buy Tickets
Business Finder
In this section
Disabled Supporters
Visiting Ewood Park
Safeguarding Matters
Fans Forum
Memorial Services
Family Stand Guide
Walk of fame
Striker's Family Lounge
Personalised Gifts
Birthday Parties
iPhone App
Android App
Social Networking
FL Fan Panel
Rovers PlayerHD
Buy Tickets
Business Finder
In this section
Business Finder
Contact Us
Visiting Ewood Park
Who's Who
Charity Requests
Ground Tours
Blues Bar
Concourse Catering
Club History
Customer Charter
Job Vacancies
Club FAQs
Anti-Discrimination & Inclusion
Ground Regulations
Community Trust
Enterprise Centre
Rovers PlayerHD
Buy Tickets
Business Finder
In this section
Seasonal Hospitality
Matchday Hospitality
Matchday Sponsorship
Book Legends Hospitality Online
Business at Rovers
Celebration Package
Hospitality Flexi-Ticket
Hospitality Brochure
Our Partners
Conferencing & Events
Blackburn Rovers Enterprise Centre
Rovers PlayerHD
Buy Tickets
Business Finder
Match Report
Posted Wed 12 Mar 14 at 21:45 PM
Rovers 0 AFC Bournemouth 1
Rovers slipped to a third straight defeat, as Lewis Grabban's goal midway through the second half proved to be the difference between the two sides.
The Bournemouth striker scored the only goal of the game on 67 minutes, firing past Paul Robinson from 25 yards, for his 15th Championship goal of the season.
Rovers enjoyed plenty of possession in the first half, but failed to truly test Lee Camp in the Bournemouth goal. At the other end, Grabban missed an excellent early opportunity to fire the visitors in front, whilst Steve Cook was denied by the woodwork just before the break.
The home side didn't fare much better after the interval and Grabban's goal earned the Cherries a third straight win.
Before the game, manager Gary Bowyer made two changes to the side that lost against Burnley at the weekend.
David Dunn and Adam Henley dropped to the bench, with Rudy Gestede and Todd Kane given the nod in the starting line-up.
Rovers made a bright start, camped in the Bournemouth box for the opening five minutes, but were unable to create any clear-cut chances.
Against the run of play, Bournemouth almost made the early breakthrough. A ball out of defence saw Grabben gallop through on goal, but his initial effort was well saved by Robinson and his second shot was blocked by the retreating Grant Hanley.
Rovers responded well. Craig Conway delivered a brilliant ball in, which was headed behind for a corner. Conway took it himself, but Gestede's downward header was comfortable for Camp.
Moments later, Matt Ritchie's low long-range strike had to be tipped round the post by Robinson at full stretch.
Ritchie tried his luck from distance again on 18 minutes, but sliced his shot well wide and straight up the other end, Jordan Rhodes' tame strike was straight at Camp.
Ritchie registered his third effort of the half on 24 minutes, but dragged his snap-shot from 20 yards wide of the far post.
A frustrating period of play followed, as Rovers were unable to turn sustained spells of possession into openings.
Rovers felt aggrieved on 40 minutes, as Gestede's fancy back-flick sent Varney through on goal. He looked to be dragged down by the last defender, but the referee remained unmoved.
Bournemouth ended the half strongly and came closest to opening the scoring. On 42 minutes, Ritchie's fourth long-range strike was deflected wide and from the resultant Ian Harte corner, Cook headed onto the foot of the post.
Rovers scrambled the ball behind and from a second successive Harte corner, played to the unmarked Simon Francis 25 yards out, his crisp strike forced a fine fingertip save from Robinson.
Unchanged at the break, Rovers had the first chance of the second half, but Gestede's volley deflected kindly into the arms of Camp.
The hosts continued to press. A Conway cross was headed well wide by Rhodes and then a Conway corner was nodded over by Michael Keane.
Rovers made a double change just past the hour mark, as Liam Feeney and Dunn came on for Varney and Gestede, but it was the visitors who broke the deadlock shortly after, as Grabban's 25-yard shot sneaked inside Robinson's right-hand post.
Bournemouth threatened again minutes later, but Robinson reacted well to deny Cook's crisp strike.
Dunn looked to lead the fight-back and some neat footwork on 72 minutes sparked penalty appeals, but the referee only awarded a corner.
Another dangerous Conway cross forced Tommy Elphick to slice clear from under his own bar, but Rovers were unable to take advantage of the three consecutive corners that followed.
Rhodes headed another Conway cross over the bar on 88 minutes, as Rovers' push for the play-offs suffered another setback.
Huddersfield away to come at the weekend.
Robinson, Kane, Hanley (c) (sub Williamson 75 mins), Keane, Spurr, Varney (sub Feeney 61 mins), Lowe, Evans, Conway, Gestede (sub Dunn 61 mins), Rhodes.
Subs not used: Eastwood (GK), Taylor, Dabo, Henley.
Goals: None.
Booked: None.
Camp, Francis, Cook, Elphick (c), Harte, Ritchie (sub Coulibaly 82 mins), Arter (sub MacDonald 86 mins), O'Kane, Surman, Fraser (sub Pugh 54 mins), Grabban.
Subs not used: Allsop (GK), Smith, Pitman, Rantie.
Goals: Grabban 67 mins.
Booked: Ritchie.
Attendance: 13,081 (including 213 visiting supporters).
Latest Match Reports
By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. You can change this and find out more by following
this link
Accept Cookies
Powered by
Follow us
Get our newsletter
Follow Blackburn Rovers


text:
2000 WS6 Trans Am 6sp T-tops (SOLD)
View Single Post
March 6th, 2009, 06:00 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: 06-29-07
Location: Montague,Michigan
Posts: 741
iTrader: (
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Originally Posted by
I just bought this car last month, and my wife can't drive it, since it is a 6sp manual... so i will sell it and find what she says she wants now a 2006-2007 Monte carlo, besides it was scarey thinking of her driving something this fast because she can be fearless and thinks she is a stock car racer
so here is the info
it is near flawless, very clean, no rust, dents... but has chip in front windshield and small scuff on rear bumper
nice clean leather interior, no rips, or stains nothing
runs and drives like new, and faster than new... this thing is ridiculously fast i have never driven a car like this, it is much faster than a stock T/A
2000 Pontiac Trans Am
clear title no salvage or rebuilt title, but i do owe money to the bank on it t-tops 75,xxx miles 6 Speed WS6 Package Black exterior, black leather interior All options, including the 12 disc CD changer
Engine est at 400+ RWHP 6.0 LS2 engine with less than 10K LS2 heads w/ Patriot Performance Gold Duals and Ti retainers Comp Cams custom camshaft - 233/236 .578/.569 on a 110+4 LSA BBK SSI Intake manifold Ported TB 160 degree t-stat Racetronix 48 lb/hr injectors Pacesetter painted long tube header with 3" y-pipe going to stock catback Custom tuning
Transmission T56 from an 05 GTO (same gearing as the 02+ Z06) Rebuild done by Liberty Gear New master and slave cylinder Spec Stage III clutch with aluminum flywheel Prothane transmission mount LPP Remote bleeder UMI Performance tunnel brace mounted adjustable torque arm (set for -2 deg pinion)
Stock 10 bolt rear, stock gears Tires are in good shape with alot of life left in them
$10900 or best and i have more than that into it ........ NO LOWBALLERS, i want even answer insulting offers price is pretty firm car is rare and hard to find especially this clean
only trades considered would be 2006-2007 Monte carlo 231-510-2754
bigger pics are here
check these out, Here is a couple links to videos of the car, It was cold today but these are dry roads
Vehicle walk around
Starting Up
1st and 2nd gear from 0-70 i think
rolling at 20mph in 2nd gear and standing on it...ended up making a unexpected right turn at the end of this one
I hear that you had found a problem with the odometer. Is this true or somebody else?
View Public Profile
Send a private message to TurboChris
Find More Posts by TurboChris
Page generated in
seconds with


text:
If you are seeking reliable medical transcription company for all your medical transcription needs than Hi-Tech Medical Transcription (HMTS) is one of the professional service provider in India.
We are India's trusted medical transcription company providing various medical specialties transcribing services to the globally health care providers since years ago.
Why Choose Hi-Tech Medical Transcription Services Team?
• Pay only for what we type
• No fixed contracts
• Free trial
• Confidential transmission
• IPhone integration
• We get it done short turn around time
To find out how HMTS can helps your organization, For more information Please contact us on.
At HMTS, we provide affordable medial transcription services for variety healthcare specialties such as radiology, cardiology, pathology, pediatrics, emergency room, family practice, pain management, hematology, pulmonary, general surgery and many more.
We are driven by five key values:
• Excellence deliverables
• Large cost saving
• Quick TAT
• Well-organized and user friendly solutions
• High level of data security & confidentiality
To focus on providing best patient care services, physicians as well doctors want to reduce their workload by accurate medical transcription services. HMTS (Hi-Tech Medical Transcription Services) offers accurate transcribing services at reasonable project cost.
To find out more about medical transcription services send email at email@example.com
ListFree.org: Embedded data.


text:
SRD:Animus Blizzard
9,995pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
|This material is published under the OGL
|{{#arraymap: Evocation|, |x|{{#set:School=x}}x}} [{{#arraymap: Cold|, |x|Descriptor::x}}]
|Spellcraft DC:
|Spellcraft DC::78
|300 ft.
|20-ft.-radius hemisphere burst
|Saving Throw:
|Reflex half
|Spell Resistance:
|To Develop:
|702,000 gp; 15 days; 28,080 XP. Seeds: energy (DC 19), animate dead (DC 23). Factors: increase damage to 30d6 (+40 DC), set undead type to wight (–4 DC).
When this spell is cast, enemies within range are dealt 30d6 points of cold damage. However, up to five victims that perish as a result of this blast are then instantly animated as wights. These five wights serve the character indefinitely. The character cannot exceed the normal limit for controlling undead through use of this spell, but other means that allow the character to exceed the normal limit for controlled undead work just as well with undead created with animus blizzard.
Back to Main Page → System Reference Document → Spells


text:
Thanks to the StockTwits community, Chartly has grown into the largest and best social charting service in the universe.
Today, StockTwits is pleased to announce the full integration of Chartly social charting features into StockTwits.
The integration will enhance the display, organization and posting of charts, making it super easy for our members to search, view, and share charts and videos.
You can now easily add a chart or a video screencast to every message by just clicking on the "Include Media" icon on the message box.
Choose your chart or record your screencast, add a message, and tickers and sentiment if you like:
On top of every stream you will now notice filters for Charts and Videos
If you click on them you can filter the stream just for that type of content and easily peruse just Charts and Videos.
When you see a chart in stream, simply click on the thumbnail to open up the chart in a lightbox. From here you can easily comment on the chart or click it again to zoom in further.
Since we have ported over all charts and Chart.ly functionality to StockTwits, the Chartly site will now redirect to the StockTwits Charts Stream. In addition, chart sharing will now also be a part of the StockTwits API which we will be opening up to developers next month. If you are interested in working with the new API, you can apply HERE.
StockTwits® is the world's largest social network for investors and traders. Anyone can share ideas about their favorite stocks or follow what others are saying in real-time. The quickest way to get started is to join right now and make sure you sign-up for our FREE email list.
We also have a FREE app on the iPhone and Android app stores. Get it today.


text:
- Worldwide Rank #1,248,469
- Follower/Following Ratio 1.35
- Daily New Followers 1
michael litman Twitter Stats
@mlitman - Tracking michael litman Twitter profile since November 4, 2008
Founder/ CEO @burstinsights. Top 100 UK Most Powerful Entrepreneurs ('16). Ex Burst Productions ('14) & Brandsonvine ('13). #NFFC fan [[email protected]]
London, UK
michael litman's story
michael litman, also known as @mlitman has a reasonably significant presence on Twitter and is ranked by us in the 50% percentile for account strength. Active on Twitter since April 2007, michael litman made it to having a respectable 8,887 Twitter followers and to being ranked 1,248,469 for number of followers among all Twitter users.
Uh-oh... seems like someone has fallen asleep while on duty and is dropping in social relevance. The plot thickens when considering michael litman's follower-to-following ratio, which is 1.35. That's a healthy ratio.
From a tweeting perspective, @mlitman is a casual user, with an average of 2 tweet(s) per day in the past 30 days. However this seems to be a big change from a total of 19,746 since @mlitman joined Twitter.
It seems like michael litman is commanding an enormous amount of attention on Twitter, with an audience attentiveness score of 87%, which stems from being tracked on 611 Twitter lists and normalized to their 8,887 followers.
This account is tracked by us for quite some time now, actually since November 2008. As of May 28 2017 we track 276202077 Twitter accounts, so feel free to search for other accounts you're interested in and reveal their Twitter story!
michael litman Tweets
@mlitman has posted 49 tweets in the last 30 days, which translates to an average of 2 tweets per day.
michael litman Twitter Followers
@mlitman has 8,887 followers on Twitter.
This account is #1,248,469 in the worldwide rank of the most popular Twitter users.
michael litman Following on Twitter
@mlitman is following 6,583 Twitter accounts.
Last month this account followed 212 users.
michael litman Predictions & Milestones
@mlitman will hit 9,012 followers in the next 3 months, and 9,393 in one year.
You are on michael litman's Twitter stats page
We track these Twitter stats since November 4, 2008 . You can see how many followers michael litman lost or gained and what the prediction is for tomorrow or the next 15 days, together with all kinds of other stats like rank compared to all Twitter users, tweets etc.
Why don't you give it a try and compare michael litman to yourself ? Or if you are michael litman get even more feature rich & up-to-date stats with our premium Twitter Stats.
Twitter Counter is the #1 Twitter stats site powered by Twitter. It all started in June 12, 2008 and we grew rather rapidly because of our Twitter Counter badge. The button is a nice small image that shows your visitors how many followers you have on Twitter. Within a year the button was on many many blogs around the world and we displayed more than 100 million buttons in one month. We track follower stats for over 276.202.077 users now.


text:
supplemented34 synonyms found
Pronunciation:[sˈʌplɪməntɪd], [sˈʌplɪməntɪd], [s_ˈʌ_p_l_ɪ_m_ə_n_t_ɪ_d]
Synonyms for Supplemented:accompanied (verb)
accessorized, accompanied, added, adorned, affixed, attached, attended, chaperoned, escorted, garnished, seconded.Other synonyms and related words:
aided, amplified, annexed, appended, augmented, complement, complemented, completed, enclosured, expanded, filled, foiled, increased, inserted, leveraged, mended, raised, recruited, replenished, stored, supplied, surcharged, tacked.
Quotes for Supplemented:
President Roosevelt, the author of Social Security, was the first to suggest that, in order to provide for the country's retirement needs, Social Security would need to be supplemented by personal savings accounts.John Doolittle.
I recommend that the Statue of Liberty be supplemented by a Statue of Responsibility on the west coast.Viktor E. Frankl.
Universal suffrage should rest upon universal education. To this end, liberal and permanent provision should be made for the support of free schools by the State governments, and, if need be, supplemented by legitimate aid from national authority.Rutherford B. Hayes.