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Home › Forums › General Forums › Philosophy & Technique › Low Body Fat – The Tipping Point
Jul 9, 2011 at 9:25 am #1276488
I had intended to turn this in to an article, or just post it on my blog. However, I came up short on content, and thought it would better serve the community here. The forums also provide more exposure, and thus a higher potential for interaction and feedback. I know others (Ryan J., Dave C., etc.) have likely had similar experiences and will hopefully chime in.
In the late fall of 2007 I was roughly 175 pounds and in the range of 18-20% body fat.
This photo is from 3-day loop around Newton Bald in the Smokies. We experienced temperatures in the low teens, and I was toasty in a thin wool shirt and 50g high loft synthetic jacket.
Between the first of 2009 and 2010 I dropped to around 138 pounds and a pretty consistent 6-7% body fat. I've since been out in similar conditions to that 2007 trip, and despite a couple layers of down on my torso (probably 3x the warmth of that 50g jacket I had), I was cold.
On a recent trip, we experienced pouring rain and 60-65 degree temps for a couple hours. My wife and dog enjoyed themselves in the cooling rain, a nice break from the southern heat, while I was miserable. Even at a light jogging pace I was covered in chill bumps and trying not to shiver.
The other side of this is thermodynamics. Post meal, when turning in to bed, or during physical activity (especially of the intense variety) I give off heat like a furnace. But, as soon as I stop moving or run out of calories, I chill quickly.
This photo is from a traverse in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex of Montana. I was wearing a thin merino wool hoody and compression shorts, as well as full gaiters and snow shoes. But, if we stopped moving for very long, I started to get cold and had to suggest we start moving again.
So what does all this really mean? A tipping point with body fat appears to exist, where going too low requires carrying additional insulation to maintain warmth. Finding that exact point would require study of a more scientific nature, but I'd estimate it to be in the range of 10-12%. Below 10% and you start to need additional external insulation to make up for a lack of internal insulation. Were that the only trade-off, I'd probably say it's a good one. After all, a one pound down jacket is, in theory, likely to insulate the core far better than a pound of fat would. Unfortunately, low body fat also starts to limit your reserves, thereby limiting your potential trip length. We can only carry so much food into the back country, and it's never quite enough to cover our daily expenditure. Couple that with little to no on-board reserves and you spell trouble, fast.
chris wallace | outdoorswith.meJul 9, 2011 at 9:52 am #1757481
John WhynotMember
@jdw01776Locale: Southeast Texas
I'm sorta of in the same boat. I'm 5' 8" and now around 139 lbs, after following the Paleo Diet since January, and changing my exercise strategy. I've lost fat from places I didn't know I had fat. I'm really re-thinking my backpacking diet — more protein, more fat.
That said, I really enjoyed my last trip without the 20 lbs of excess body fat…Jul 9, 2011 at 10:46 am #1757488
HkNewmanBPL Member
@hknewmanLocale: Western US
…as well as full gaiters and snow shoes. But, if we stopped moving for very long, I started to get cold and had to suggest we start moving again
Read something similar a few years from BP or Outside, where mountaineers stated they added body fat for high altitude mountaineering. Probably more for energy stores but could get into insulation. Snowshoeing season coincides with Thanksgiving and Xmas meals, so haven't had to worry about this for day-trips.Jul 9, 2011 at 11:15 am #1757493
Will WebsterMember
Makes sense that very low fat reserves could make your body think it's in danger of starvation, so it will protect itself by ramping down your metabolic rate. That could contribute to loss of cold tolerance at least as much as the lost insulation.Jul 9, 2011 at 11:20 am #1757494
Will – that might be possible if you get in to essential fat, but I've never heard of it occurring. Quite the opposite is true in my case – I burn through calories at an insane rate. The only way I've been able to gain weight in any recent period was by eating 6-7k calories a day while being mostly sedentary.Jul 9, 2011 at 12:59 pm #1757520
Bob GrossMember
@b-g-2-2Locale: Silicon Valley
A friend of mine who is a runner had his body fat measured at 5.3%. His physician told him that it was too low to be healthy and told him to get up to 8-10% minimum.
–B.G.–Jul 9, 2011 at 1:30 pm #1757524
John S.BPL Member
@jshannJul 9, 2011 at 2:12 pm #1757534
Bryan CrookMember
@bcrook007Locale: Nebraska
Well, I'm certainly no scientist but I can share my personal experiences here and you may be dealing with something more than just body fat percentage. What exactly it is, I'm not sure. (Sorry for this long post but maybe something will help.)
I've been at about 4.5% body fat at 160 lbs. and I'm now probably around 20% body fat at 180 lbs. The one thing I can tell you is that at both high and low body fat percentages, there seems to be some magical temperature where I get cold when I'm outdoors and not moving.
I sweat like a crazy man when I'm on the move. I heat up quickly and stay that way until I stop. Then I seem to chill quickly and find it hard to recover if I don't properly insulate at the right time. My internal temperature swings seem to be greater than many of the people I've hiked and camped with and I'm thoroughly convinced it's a combination of variables that I haven't fully identified yet or have failed effectively control.
Generally, I seem to require more insulation in and around camp after activity has stopped. The same holds true for my sleeping bag and pad. NeoAir below 40 degrees F? Maybe even down to 35F? Maybe for many people but not for me! Been there, tried that and failed.
It's taken me a few years but I'm slowly getting better at dealing with it. Even though I haven't really identified what "it" is that makes me feel cold. Probably a combination of many things including: body fat %, age, hyrdation levels, etc.
One thing I am sure of is that someone will probably weigh in on this topic who really knows some things and give some good advice. Excellent topic and good luck!Jul 9, 2011 at 2:19 pm #1757536
Eugene SmithBPL Member
@eugeneiusLocale: Nuevo Mexico
Instead of increasing your body-fat %, would increasingyour lean muscle mass help insulate ?
At what point generally does muscle cannibalizing occur?
I know from following your blog over the year or so that you do lots of functional strength training, body weight exercises, etc. What would happen if you increased resistance into your workouts and tweaked your diet without spinning off routine too far, could this help with your warmth issues on trips?
BTW, I think your transformation from the old Chris to the leaner Chris is pretty killer, especially how you've maintained it so well.Jul 9, 2011 at 3:06 pm #1757549
Tom KirchnerBPL Member
@ouzelLocale: Pacific Northwest/Sierra
You mention requiring 6-7K calories to gain any weight, even while sedentary. This is a bit unusual, to say the least. It sounds like you might have an elevated basal metabolism rate, cause unknown. Have you considered seeing an endocrinologist?
I'd almost bet one of the first things he/she would do is order a BMR test. It could be as simple as your intense training schedule, or it could be something hormonal. Just a thought, since the other bases seem to be well covered by other posters.Jul 9, 2011 at 4:06 pm #1757567
Rick HorneSpectator
@rick778Locale: NorCal - South Bay - Campbell
I've got some extra body fat if anyone wants it :-)Jul 9, 2011 at 4:25 pm #1757574
Miguel ArboledaBPL Member
@butukiLocale: Kanto Plain, Japan
Chris, are you eating many carbs? If you're on a paleo diet, with very low amounts of carbs, it could very well be that you are exercising beyond the ability of ketones to deal with the energy needs. With a lot of strenuous exercise, you need carbs.
I'm firmly with Mark Sisson (of Primal Blueprint) on the idea of keeping exercise to a moderate level. One of the reasons I disagree with Crossfit (I did it for two years), is that it asks far too much from what normal animal bodies do. There is something inherently wrong with doing a circuit that routinely has you getting close to vomiting… that simply isn't the way our bodies were meant to be used (otherwise the urge to vomit wouldn't appear). You will never see wild animals, including our human ancestors, doing anything like that. And yet they are/ were very strong and fit.
Perhaps you are overdoing it? Just an idea, since I'm certainly no expert on this. When I first read your post, one of the first thoughts I had was that it seemed very similar to anorexia.Jul 9, 2011 at 4:32 pm #1757577
I appreciate all of the input that has been given thus far.
My personal goal is to put on about 15 lbs with 10 being muscle. That should put me around 155 and 10% fat, all while not requiring me to buy new clothes. :-)
Eugene – I'm not sure just adding lean muscle would help much. In fact, it might be counterproductive as I'd have to eat even more than I do now to maintain any type of warmth. I'm definitely no expert though.
Tom – My wife has also mentioned my metabolism being so jacked up that I burn off pretty much anything I eat. I haven't had any tests done but it may be worth checking in to once I have insurance again. I'm far less active than when I was trying to lighten up my body and increase my fitness level, but my metabolism seems to still be around the same rate. I even tried hitting the gym for a year while modifying my diet to increase calories and protein. Nothing came out of it. The weight gain I mentioned occurred over a 1 month period and equated to about 3 lbs. I added a 2000 cal shake twice a day to my normal diet and only hit the gym 1 day per week for about 30 mins. I also didn't run or bike at all during that period. As soon as I went back to my normal routine, I promptly lost it all and a bit more.
All of the experimentation can be fun, but also expensive and quite the daunting task.Jul 9, 2011 at 6:57 pm #1757610
Tom KirchnerBPL Member
@ouzelLocale: Pacific Northwest/Sierra
Chris – My guess is that you'll get it dialed in sooner rather than later, now that you're starting to really focus on it. One thing for sure is that you'll be a much happier camper at 10% body fat, and it will definitely extend your range on trips. That is quite a journey you've been on. Best of luck!Jul 9, 2011 at 7:14 pm #1757620
Ryan CBPL Member
@radio_guyLocale: Alaska
This is a scary topic for me. The most I ever weighed was 175 and that was about 6 years ago. Now I average 145 and have no clue what my body fat % is; a 29" waist may tell you something.
My problem is, certain health related issues require me to eat a low carbohydrate diet with very little sugar. Eating high calorie foods low in carbs and weight is a challenge. Cycling and hiking regularly now does not help me keep any weight on either.
I really want to do a thru-hike but not being able to put on any weight and having no fat reserves is starting to scare me. I would have to consume 5000+ calories a day but it has to be low in carbs and that may be very difficult and HEAVY.
Like others here, I tend to get cold when not active and sleep somewhat cold. My NeoAir and WM Summerlite are only good to about 40 degrees. Anything below that and I use a better pad and 15 degree bag.Jul 9, 2011 at 7:21 pm #1757624
Piper S.BPL Member
@sbhikesLocale: Santa Barbara (Name: Diane)
I hate all of you.Jul 9, 2011 at 7:37 pm #1757630
Mary DBPL Member
@hikinggrannyLocale: Gateway to Columbia River Gorge
I agree with Piper!Jul 9, 2011 at 8:36 pm #1757643
Martha S.Member
…just remember that you'll survive longer in an emergency situation with a little extra adiopose… assuming you have access to equal amounts of water.
At least that's how I comfort myself at times like these.Jul 9, 2011 at 9:11 pm #1757658
Just want to point out that Chris' version of sedentary is a far cry from what most might quantify as such. He really can't sit still for long. ;p
I had the same issue a few years ago, in fact I couldn't stop losing weight even though I ate 4 or 5 huge meals a day, everyone told me I needed to gain weight, including my doctor, but I felt I was in the best shape of my life.
Chris's metabolism is definitely jacked, but regardless of whatever quantification a physician would put to it, it's a natural reaction to the sheer amount of activity he sustains on average. When I was working outside full time, exercising, and participating in strenuous sports, it was the same. I don't think your body can run full-tilt 90% of the time and then just throttle back.
In fact, even after my lifestyle became much slower, with orders of magnitude less exertion, my metabolism stayed elevated, for well over a year. Only now after continued loafing have I managed to reach a relatively normal weight. Which btw, feels fat to me, but according to my doctors is in line with where I should be. Regardless, I know I'd be feeling healthier 5 lbs of beer lighter. ;)
Ultimately, what I think Chris is really getting at here, and starting to really understanding himself, is that there's definitely a line you can cross. Just as it can be hard to stay healthy in an overly sedentary lifestyle, it can be with an overly active one also.
The important thing is that he's acknowledging that, where as many people I see that become obsessed with activity and fitness, never realized when they've crossed that barrier. I don't think our culture really allows us to believe that you can be too "skinny" unless you've got an eating disorder, but you can, and as Chris is seeing, it can have consequences. It's especially compounded by the fact that's he's not "frail" at all, he's very muscular, however, most people with his physique get it from a gym, and only put it to test in a gym.
Peak physical "strength"(endurance, fitness, whatever) and physique are not synonymous, even if they often line up.
Don't worry Chris, if we keep with the Tequila and post hike Waffle House diet, it's bound to take it's toll eventually, even if we do 32miles in 12 hours.. =",jdempsey"Jul 9, 2011 at 10:46 pm #1757671
Ryan CBPL Member
@radio_guyLocale: Alaska
Piper and Mary: By no means was I trying to offend anyone. I just feel for the OP and can relate.
From what I have been told by male thru-hikers, some women fair much better on the long distance treks than men do; something about how the difference in metabolisms allows the gals to remain overall healthier than the guys. I am sometimes envious of your side for these reasons! And you hate us? : )Jul 9, 2011 at 11:26 pm #1757673
Miguel ArboledaBPL Member
@butukiLocale: Kanto Plain, Japan
To those of you who find it hard to lose weight… please remember that Chris got to where he is with a lot of exceptionally hard work, plus a lot of study of nutrition. You may find that the paleo-diet will work for you, too. It's based on a lot of research done on how our ancestors before agriculture (when we lived in our natural genetic state for our species) lived and ate. Three books that will give you a lot of insight into how it works, "The Primal Blueprint" by Mark Sisson (it totally changed my life as a diabetic, and it is more of a healthy lifestyle guide than purely book on nutrition. Does a great job in conjunction with Sisson's very active online community and blog, http://marksdailyapple.com), "Good Calories, Bad Calories" by Gary Taubes (presents the political and scientific fiasco that hid the truth about how fat was vilified and carbohydrates championed… and goes on to argue how our bodies were never meant to eat so many carbohydrates. Extremely well-researched and argued book), and "The Paleo Diet", by Loren Cordain (researches the way our Paleolithic ancestors ate and how we can replicate it today. A little too macho for my taste with a much too simplistic understanding of how hunter gatherers must have lived day-to-day, in great part because it is so painfully obvious the the writer knows almost nothing of the complexity and richness of other cultures and how they think and live, but a good insight into the kind of food that is healthiest for us.
Going Primal, with low amounts of carbohydrates (no grains, very little sugar, small amounts of fruit), very high consumption of vegetables, quite high amounts of healthy fats (no vegetable oils or margarine), and moderate amounts of protein has made me lose weight naturally and steadily. Soon I'll be back to my college weight of 70 kg. That and steady exercise (lots of walking) with occasional bodyweight strength exercises and sprints is really working. You might as well try. If nothing else, cut back on all grains and sugar. That will do wonders.Jul 10, 2011 at 8:19 am #1757713
David ChenaultSpectator
@davecLocale: The West Slope
Show me a paleo twizzler and we'll talk.
My experience is similar to Chris' insofar as finding it really hard to stay warm when lean goes. I've never had too crazy a metabolism though, 3500 calories seems to keep me even these days (thankfully).
My wife is quite lean for woman, and that combined with her sedate metabolism makes our experiences staying warm outdoors strikingly different. Not only does she need more clothing for given temp, but doesn't create almost instant heat when working hard in that way I do. Certainly some gender/biological differences at play. Especially insofar as the latter point is concerned I wouldn't want to be in her shoes.Jul 10, 2011 at 4:05 pm #1757841
Mike MBPL Member
@mtwardenLocale: Montana
a couple of questions if I could, what's your height? what was your fitness level when you were 175#'s?
hope you get it sorted, being cold isn't fun :(Jul 10, 2011 at 7:00 pm #1757894
Piper S.BPL Member
@sbhikesLocale: Santa Barbara (Name: Diane)
On my long distance PCT hikes I got down to about 120lbs (I'm 5'3"), which wouldn't be considered emaciated or even thin. Then I slowly gained some of it back on the trail even though I hiked 25+ mile days. The female body, even one past its reproductive years, knows how to keep the weight on.
I do feel bad for you guys who can't keep any weight on despite eating a lot of food. Eating tons of food all the time, like I did as a long distance hiker, got really old after a while.Jul 10, 2011 at 7:05 pm #1757898
I'm basically 5'8 (just a hair under). At 175ish I had already lost 45 lbs primarily through diet. I had just started to get back in to backpacking, hiking, and mountain biking around that time. Shortly after I started doing light runs and got down to around 163. Then I did P90X a couple of times along with an increase in the running and hit where I'm at now.
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Poverty takes centre stage
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As the world looks to next week's G8 meeting, political will is seen as the key to eradicating the world's greatest evil. Matt Wade reports.
The global campaign to eradicate extreme poverty is bigger and more organised than it has ever been. But it has shifted tactics. Twenty years ago, Live Aid and Band Aid aimed to raise funds for emergency relief; now the goal is political influence.
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The next six months will be crucial in achieving its goal because of three political events it hopes to influence: the G8 meeting in Scotland next week, the UN General Assembly appraisal of the Millennium Development Goals in New York in September and the World Trade Organisation meeting in Hong Kong in mid-December. The British Government, sympathetic to calls for poverty eradication, will head G8.
"It's an emergency and this year is the best opportunity we are going to get to do something about it," says Bono, the lead singer of the rock group U2, on an internet message on the Make Poverty History website.
A policy adviser to the that campaign, Garth Luke, says the public response to the Boxing Day tsunami and growing support for the anti-poverty cause, especially in Europe, has energised the campaign in Australia. "I also think years of frustration about the lack of change have encouraged people to work together," he says.
An eminent US economist, Dr Jeffery Sachs, has given the anti-poverty movement additional clout in a new book called The End of Poverty: Economic possibilities for our time. Sachs says there is a "realistic possibility" extreme poverty can be eliminated within 20 years. In a sign of the growing integration within the anti-poverty movement, Sachs's book has a foreword by Bono.
But will all the enthusiasm make a real difference? Some aid specialists warn that an increase in aid of the magnitude being discussed is bound to do more harm than good. They fear that an influx of foreign money, especially to weak African states, will be squandered or embezzled.
However, Sachs argues these are conventional rich-world stereotypes of poor countries, especially those in Africa. "I reject the plaintive cries of the doomsayers who say that ending poverty is impossible," he says.
The World Bank estimates more than a billion people in the world live on less than $US1 ($1.31) a day, while further 2.7 billion survive on less than $US2 a day. It estimates that foreign aid will have to double from the present level of about $US57 billion a year to more than $US100 billion if the Millennium Development goals are to be achieved.
The UN Development Program says much of Africa will not even meet the most basic poverty reduction targets for hunger, primary education and child mortality for at least another century.
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Wendy Mae Chambers: Ten Grand (Music for 10 Pianos)
Aleck Karis, Allen Shawn, Bennett Lerner, Edmund Niemann, Elizabeth DiFelice, Joe Kubera, Martin Goldray, Nurit Tilles, Ursula Oppens & Walter Hilse
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Aleck Karis is a highly regarded American pianist, especially well known for his work in contemporary American music. He obtained his bachelor's degree from the Manhattan School of Music and his masters from the Juilliard School in New York, and teaches piano at the University of California San Diego. He lists his main teachers as Artur Balsam, Beveridge Webster, and William Daghlian. Although his repertory extends over the three centuries of piano music, he is best known for his work as pianist...Full bio


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Established in 2004 with core business in coal transportation. At the same time, opened its domestic branch office in Suralaya-West Java and Satui-South Kalimantan, and now JSK has domestic branch office in Tanah Grogot, East Kalimantan and affiliates company in Korea. With the strong corporate team, PT. Jaya Samudra Karunia began operating its first coal carrying vessel at that time with 2 Handmax and several Panamax, and up to now the company has developed to operate any kind of sea coal transportation from Special Coal Carrier (DWT 10.000 mT), Panamax (DWT 65.000 mT) and Self-propelled Floating Crane with two clam shell grab @ 25 tons and 20.000 tons/day conveyor.
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The Leonard Lopate Show
"The Trip to Bountiful"
Actress Cicely Tyson, director Michael Wilson, and Hallie Foote (Horton's daughter) discuss Horton Foote's "The Trip to Bountiful." Cicely Tyson plays a woman trapped in a cramped Houston apartment with her soft-spoken son and out-spoken daughter-in-law, dreaming of a return to the small Gulf Coast town of Bountiful, where she grew up and raised her family. Worried that she's an imposition and longing to escape her daughter-in-law's watchful eye, she steals away with her latest pension check and heads home in the journey of a lifetime. "The Trip to Bountiful" is playing at the Stephen Sondheim Theatre.


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Flora, fauna, and folks on San Luis Rey River bike trail
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Scientists from the Wits Institute for Human Evolution based at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg have just announced the discovery of a large rock containing significant parts of a skeleton of an early human ancestor. The skeleton is believed to be the remains of 'Karabo', the type skeleton of Australopithecus sediba, discovered at the Malapa Site in the Cradle of Humankind in 2009.
Professor Lee Berger, a Reader in Palaeoanthropology and the Public Understanding of Science at the Wits Institute for Human Evolution, will make the announcement at the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum in Shanghai, China on 13 July 2012.
"We have discovered parts of a jaw and critical aspects of the body including what appear to be a complete femur (thigh bone), ribs, vertebrae and other important limb elements, some never before seen in such completeness in the human fossil record," says Berger. "This discovery will almost certainly make Karabo the most complete early human ancestor skeleton ever discovered. We are obviously quite excited as it appears that we now have some of the most critical and complete remains of the skeleton, albeit encased in solid rock. It's a big day for us as a team and for our field as a whole."
The remains are invisible to the casual observer and are entrenched in a large rock about one metre in diameter. It was discovered almost three years ago, but lay unnoticed in the Wits laboratories until early last month. Prof. Berger and his wife Jackie Smilg, a radiologist at the Charlotte Maxeke Hospital, who is conducting her PhD on the CT scanning of fossil material embedded in rock, scanned the large rock in a state of the art CT scanner.
Berger added that negotiations had begun with the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, the Natural History Museum in the United Kingdom and the Smithsonian in Washington. "We have already donated casts of Australopithecus sediba to these three institutions, amongst others," says Berger.
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Advances in Preventive Medicine
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 286207, 15 pages
Effectiveness of Couple-Based HIV Counseling and Testing for Women Substance Users and Their Primary Male Partners: A Randomized Trial
1School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, BOX SON, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
2School of Public Health, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
3National Development and Research Institutes, 71 West 23rd Street, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA
Received 17 August 2012; Accepted 30 January 2013
Academic Editor: Marie-Claude Boily
Copyright © 2013 James M. McMahon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Citations to this Article [13 citations]
The following is the list of published articles that have cited the current article.
- Judith A. Hahn, Lisa Maher, Kimberly Page, Maria Prins, and Meghan D. Morris, "Injection Drug Use and Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Young Adult Injectors: Using Evidence to Inform Comprehensive Prevention," Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 57, pp. S32–S38, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Tina Jiwatram-Negrón, and Nabila El-Bassel, "Systematic Review of Couple-Based HIV Intervention and Prevention Studies: Advantages, Gaps, and Future Directions," AIDS and Behavior, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Lawrence A. Palinkas, Angela M. Robertson, Jennifer L. Syvertsen, Daniel O. Hernandez, Monica D. Ulibarri, M. Gudelia Rangel, Gustavo Martinex, and Steffanie A. Strathdee, "Client Perspectives on Design and Implementation of a Couples-Based Intervention to Reduce Sexual and Drug Risk Behaviors Among Female Sex Workers and Their Noncommercial Partners in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, México," AIDS and Behavior, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Nabila El-Bassel, Louisa Gilbert, Assel Terlikbayeva, Chris Beyrer, Elwin Wu, Mingway Chang, Tim Hunt, Leyla Ismayilova, Stacey A. Shaw, Sholpan Primbetova, Yelena Rozental, Baurzhan Zhussupov, and Marat Tukeyev, "Effects of a Couple-Based Intervention to Reduce Risks for HIV, HCV, and STIs Among Drug-Involved Heterosexual Couples in Kazakhstan," JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 196–203, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Nabila El-Bassel, Stacey A. Shaw, Anindita Dasgupta, and Steffanie A. Strathdee, "People Who Inject Drugs in Intimate Relationships: It Takes Two to Combat HIV," Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- C. Treloar, J. Rance, J. Bryant, and S. Fraser, "Understanding decisions made about hepatitis C treatment by couples who inject drugs," Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- James M. McMahon, Ruth Chimenti, Nicole Trabold, Theresa Fedor, Mona Mittal, and Stephanie Tortu, "Risk of Intimate Partner Violence and Relationship Conflict Following Couple-Based HIV Prevention Counseling," Journal of Interpersonal Violence, pp. 088626051560087, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Wendee M. Wechsberg, Sherry Deren, Bronwyn Myers, Irma Kirtadze, William A. Zule, Brittni Howard, and Nabila El-Bassel, "Gender-Specific HIV Prevention Interventions for Women Who Use Alcohol and Other Drugs," JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol. 69, pp. S128–S139, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Heather A. Pines, Thomas L. Patterson, Gudelia Rangel, Gustavo Martinez, Angela R. Bazzi, Monica D. Ulibarri, Jennifer L. Syvertsen, Natasha K. Martin, and Steffanie A. Strathdee, "STI/HIV test result disclosure between female sex workers and their primary, non-commercial male partners in two Mexico-US border cities: a prospectiv," Sexually Transmitted Infections, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 207–213, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Richard Muhindo, Annet Nakalega, and Joyce Nankumbi, "Predictors of couple HIV counseling and testing among adult residents of Bukomero sub-county, Kiboga district, rural Uganda," BMC Public Health, vol. 15, no. 1, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Carla Treloar, Jake Rance, Joanne Bryant, and Suzanne Fraser, "Harm reduction workers and the challenge of engaging couples who inject drugs in hepatitis C prevention," Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 168, pp. 170–175, 2016. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Gail Gilchrist, Davina Swan, Kideshini Widyaratna, Julia Elena Marquez-Arrico, Elizabeth Hughes, Noreen Dadirai Mdege, Marrissa Martyn-St James, and Judit Tirado-Munoz, "A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Psychosocial Interventions to Reduce Drug and Sexual Blood Borne Virus Risk Behaviours Among People Who Inject Drugs," AIDS and Behavior, 2017. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Christopher Rowe, Glenn-Milo Santos, Henry F. Raymond, and Phillip O. Coffin, "Social mixing and correlates of injection frequency among opioid use partnerships," International Journal of Drug Policy, vol. 41, pp. 80–88, 2017. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar


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sIBL_GUI For 3dsMax
Welcome to Smart IBL - sIBL_GUI For 3dsMax Thread!
The idea behind Smart IBL and sIBL_GUI is to get one click IBL Lighting.
More informations and details are available here: http://smartibl.com/
If you have requests, questions or whatever, you can use this thread or the HDRLabs one: http://www.hdrlabs.com/cgi-bin/foru...num=1271609371/
sIBL_GUI - Inspect Centric Layout
We are currently supporting some Renderers:
- Mental Ray
- VRay
Here is the 3dsMax Templates Centric Thread Post: http://www.hdrlabs.com/cgi-bin/foru...=1223936394/3#3
Autodesk 3dsMax - Helper Script
There is an Helper Script that helps integrating sIBL_GUI smoothly with 3dsMax:
sIBL_GUI For 3dsMax - Helper Script: sIBL_GUI For 3dsMax
The other good news is that now I'm supporting myself 3dsMax Templates, meaning that there are now two new Templates: one for VRay and one for Mental Ray with some cool new features:
- Viewport Visual Feedback that can be oriented.
- Support for SmartIBL 2.0 format extra lights.
- Hierarchical scene setup.
Production Shader Files
To use Mental Ray template you will need unhidden Productions Shaders, I have uploaded the edited ".mi" files ( Don't forget to backup the original ones ):
Mental Ray Edited Production Shaders Files: Production Shader Files
Two screencasts are hosted on HDRLabs Vimeo Channel:
sIBL GUI - In Depth: Wich is an In-Depth review of the application.
sIBL GUI - Quick Start: A Quick Start screencast showing a typical quick session under Maya.
Manual - Help File:
sIBL_GUI Manual
Api File:
sIBL_GUI Api
Changes File:
Changes File
sIBL_GUI Source Code is available directly from a GIT repository: sIBL_GUI GIT Repository On GITHub.
Don't hesitate to post feedback, features request etc
Have fun and enjoy


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|IPO Date:
|Apr 24, 1997
Though he already had supporting credits in a few feature films, Jim Carrey first gained notoriety on the television sketch-comedy show In Living Color. His popularity on the small screen would eventually land Carrey a series of big-screen leads, however, including roles in the 1994 films The Mask, Dumb and Dumber, and Ace Ventura: Pet Detective. All told, the three films combined to make over $317 million at the box office, and Carrey quickly became one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood. On the success of his comedic roles, Carrey has begun to branch out into more dramatic material. For his work in 1998's The Truman Show, Carrey won the Golden Globe for Best Actor.
Jun 23, 2017The Bad Batch
Nov 14, 2014Dumb and Dumber To
Aug 16, 2013Kick-Ass 2
Mar 15, 2013The Incredible Burt Wonderstone
Jun 17, 2011Mr. Popper's Penguins
Dec 3, 2010I Love You, Phillip Morris
Nov 6, 2009A Christmas Carol
Feb 13, 2009Under the Sea 3D
Dec 19, 2008Yes Man
Mar 14, 2008Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who!
Feb 23, 2007The Number 23
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May 23, 2003Bruce Almighty
Dec 21, 2001The Majestic
Nov 17, 2000How the Grinch Stole Christmas
Jun 23, 2000Me, Myself and Irene
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Sep 11, 1998Simon Birch
Jun 5, 1998The Truman Show
Mar 21, 1997Liar Liar
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Just over a month of ownership
I cant believe I never got into a jeep earlier. This spectacular piece of metal and plastic has fulfilled all my expectations and more. Looks awesome, fun to drive, functional, capable and cough *semi*-economical.
Its been a month and she's had tops off, doors off, shes been places a truck could only dream of and has hit some somewhat excessive speeds on highway with ease.
Mods to date - rock equipment grille guard , quadratec floor mats, door sill protectors, raycor hardtop lift.
Future mods - unknown, depends on what craigslist deal I can't pass up on:D
Anybody who is contemplating buying one- JUST DO IT- you'll never look back
Craigslist was listening, just bought a practically brand spanking new sunrider top for $200. How many months til spring again??:punk:. I just missed out on blue and grey neoprene seat covers for $100 yesterday. I think with all these craigslist bargains I may have finally made my money back for what I overpaid for the black appearance package:rofl:
that is a sweet looking brush guard, where did you get it? Only thing I don't like is that gap, but I'm sure that can be fixed :thumb:
I got it off craigslist , negotiated down to $150, its almost 600 shipped on the website. Its 3 years old and faded somewhat and it took a little head scratching and modification to get it on the '12. Apparently theres problems with the fitment on 11's and 12's as with the aries brushguard. Nothing that a little drilling and long needle nose pliers couldnt fix though:)
I was thinking about the gap in the middle too. I see other brushguards with that chicken wire looking grate filling in the gap. Too much other stuff going on right now to mess with it though, but maybe later when I get around to bedlining it.
It may not be the most practical of bumper mods because you loose alot of approach clearance. But I just love the look , especially how long it now looks in profile
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The EPS Quantum Electronics Prizes
The EPS Quantum Electronics Prizes:
These are the two senior EPS/QEOD Prizes (one for fundamental, one for applied aspects) awarded for outstanding contributions to quantum electronics and optics.
"Fundamental Aspects"
The 2015 Prize for Fundamental Aspects of Quantum Electronics and Optics is awarded to Sir John Pendry, Professor of theoretical solid-state physics at Imperial College London, United Kingdom. The Prize is awarded to Professor Pendry for helping formulate rules on how to incorporate different kinds of materials with nanoscale structures to form larger scale metamaterials with exciting new optical properties not seen in nature.
Brief Biography
Sir John Brian Pendry is an English theoretical physicist educated at Downing College, Cambridge, UK, graduating with a Master of Arts degree in Natural Sciences and a PhD in 1969. He is a professor of theoretical solid-state physics at Imperial College London where he was Head of the Department of Physics (1998–2001) and Principal of the Faculty of Physical Sciences (2001–2002). John Pendry has made seminal contributions to surface science, disordered systems and photonics. His most recent work has introduced a new class of materials, metamaterials, whose electromagnetic properties depend on their internal structure rather than their chemical constitution. Pendry discovered that a perfect lens manufactured from negatively refracting material would circumvent Abbe's diffraction limit to spatial resolution, which has stood for more than a century. His most recent innovation of transformation optics gives the metamaterial specifications required to rearrange electromagnetic field configurations at will, by representing the field distortions as a warping of the space in which they exist. In its simplest form the theory shows how we can direct field lines around a given obstacle and thus provide a cloak of invisibility. John Pendry's outstanding contributions have been awarded by many prizes, among which the Dirac Prize (1996), the Knight Bachelor (2004), the Royal Medal (2006), the Isaac Newton Medal (2013) and the Kavli Prize (2014).
"Applied Aspects"
The 2015 Prize for Applied Aspects of Quantum Electronics and Optics is awarded to Professor Bahram Javidi, Professor at the University of Connecticut, USA. The Prize is awarded to Professor Javidi for pioneering contributions to information optics, including 3D imaging, 3D displays, and 3D imaging of photon starved scenes.
Brief Biography
Bahram Javidi received the B.S. degree from George Washington University and the Ph.D. from the Pennsylvania State University in electrical engineering. He is Board of Trustees Distinguished Professor at the University of Connecticut. Prof. Javidi's interests are in a broad range of transformative imaging approaches using optics and photonics, and he has made seminal contributions to passive and active multi-dimensional imaging from nano- to micro- and macroscales. His recent research activities include 3D visualization and recognition of objects in photon-starved environments using passive imaging; automated disease identification using biophotonics with low cost compact sensors for use in developing countries; information security, encryption, and authentication using quantum imaging; non-planar flexible 3D image sensing, and bio-inspired imaging. Prof. Javidi has been recognized for his outstanding achievements in a multitude of different ways. He has been named Fellow of eight societies, including IEEE, OSA, SPIE, EOS, and IoP. Early in his career, the National Science Foundation (USA) named him a Presidential Young Investigator. Prof. Javidi has received the SPIE Dennis Gabor Award in Diffractive Wave Technologies (2005) and the SPIE Technology Achievement Award (2008). In 2008, he was awarded the IEEE Donald G. Fink Paper Prize (2008), and the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation Fellow Award. In 2007, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) awarded Prof. Javidi the Humboldt Prize.


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Home › Forums › Gear Forums › Gear (General) › Is Backpack Weight Important
Dec 4, 2011 at 10:11 pm #1282711
g'day this is Darcy from Bicheon, Tasmania OZ (now living near Navy Base in Crib Point, Victoria) with my first post, I'm backpacking ATM down Queensland in North-East Australia, having flown to Cairns from GC after their film fest on Nov 27th, posting any decent gear I picked up and my old backpack, the Aarn Mountain Magic 55 which I picked up in August 2010 after my East Asian trip and have used ever since (thousands of k's and 14 countries thru the Carribean, North America & South Pacific since Feb 2011) I weighed it last month at 1162grams after mods and without counting the S2S Dry Bag I use instead, it could easily hold my old base carrying weight of about 9kg that would flucuate 2 up to 16kg if I was carrying food and putting water in pack (and not just on shoulder-strap clip). So about a six months ago I found out about Ray Jardine and read Trial Life whilst in the mid-west, I lated found that he had a website offering his ideas of lightweight backpacking as DIY packs, I choose the Ray Way Backpack is make and try out, if you want the pack can weight about 280g withouth straps, I added the hip/sternum belts as well as GGear hip pockets and my own custom made shoulder pouches which made the eventual weight 374g, not bad. So I've been camping and walking ever day with it since the 27th and have had a base weight of 6kg, though usually there is 7-9kg, minus the fact I have my phone in my pocket and about 1kg of food/water is in the shoulder pouches which much like the hip pockets have weight that goes unnoticed, so I'd say most of the time I have 5-7kg in a 374g pack on my back, but even though sometimes it feels okay then I have my down vest on, most of the time the weight is unbearable, seems crazy I know, but I've haven't had pack probs like this probably since I was in the aussie army without stupidly made/stuffed packs (2009), so I guess my query is, does the weight of a backpack matter? Ok we are talking about the Aarn here which loads weight completely diffrently, but are these custom made, sub 500g packs I bit taxing, can they only take up 2 8kg or something, is the aarn Conus Clip buckle a piece of magic? I don't know, all I know is that personally, I'm headed back to baby the MM55, which does weight about triple but, I don't seem to notice it, I think its purely cause of the Aarn's superior design and method, or in general do packs weights mean less cause there spread over you're hold back.. I ask..Dec 4, 2011 at 10:29 pm #1808792
Ho Darcy!
Glad to hear that you are enjoying a personal journey! You hit on some discussed about topics here and rightly so! Check out
The bottom line that I have learned is a UL backpack with a lot of volume is best for hikers who use CCF sleeping pads or other bulky but lightweight gear. And, some UL/L packs were just never made for anything more than 15-25lbs. Fair enough.
I have found that a GG Gorilla at I think ~25oz to carry 40lbs (9 days of food and water hike) just as well as my old Deuter 4lb hugger.
My conclusion? Don't try to go as UL as possible with a pack unless you know you will be under the 10lb or 5lb mark. Then really evaluate the different lightweight packs. GG vs. ULA…etc. All packs (even though it looks otherwise:) are made very differently.
Good luck on your journey and pack decisions!
ChaseDec 4, 2011 at 10:34 pm #1808794
I did intent for the title to get peoples attention, though I do believe in most of the ULWB ideals, in fact if I were to adapt to my Ray Way, then the heaviest base-thing I'm carrying would be my Zpack sleeping bag @ about 433g, I'm using a GG nightpad which is awesome and is rather comfortable, but does it distrubt the weight well? http://www.mountainlaureldesigns.com/shop/product_info.php?products_id=186 seems to make a claim against this type of pad as you're sole back framing, I used to use some Highlander gear with my Aarn though would scrap conventional foam pad any day for the GG night pad, I'll do my gear list soon, though I won't give up on my ray-way-pack, would consider giving it some Aarn sport balance pockets and that beauty gold chest sprap, you never know, maybe some bold customizing could result in a decent flow-mo inspired backpack clocking in at say 650 for 50L capacity? or i could punk out and cross the tasman and try and get one of those trial gigs for the MM for 2012..Dec 4, 2011 at 10:42 pm #1808797
thanks mate, maybe GG can makes better packs than ma & I, I guess thats what you get if you pay a little more, though have you ever worn the Aarn MM, I swear the secret is the golden chest buckle, man I should google those to see if you can buy em'.. (obviously you can tell I'm missing my pack, though only have to wait till the 25th at least.)Dec 4, 2011 at 10:43 pm #1808799
Ben FMember
As far as I'm concerned comfort is more important than superultra light.
I remember when I was part of the SUL cycling world people would build these ultralight, ultrafragile bikes that would basically never be used outside of perfect conditions and as a prop for photos on an internet forum. I drank the kool-aid, put my bike on a diet, and in the end it was uncomfortable and I rode less. Go with what works for you. There seem to be people here who can make it work for them, which is awesome. Doesn't seem to work for me. I use a heavier bag.Dec 4, 2011 at 10:56 pm #1808804
Design is everything and if you can design it on your own then more power! Myself, I found certain pay-for packs to handle much better than I could ever do, but then some that I feel could be made in my sleep. Tell me more about this golden chest buckle cause I will tell you about the golden shoulder straps GG has that at first I hated, but after a hard thru hike proved to be heavenly sent. I could carry the 40lbs without my belt hip attached because the shoulder straps were wide enough to spread the load and make hiking constant ups and downs painless.
The UL game has a learning curve in my opinion. You start your hiking career heavy with pointless gear. After a couple long hikes with this heavy gear, you read, learn and modify your gear to reduce weight. You then attempt to minimize everything (and most should be)! As time goes on though, you learn that some items (like a pack) can be a little heavier to fit what you enjoy.
Heavy-SUL-UL was my progression
Cooking gear, sleeping system, clothes, and lighting system are all items I say go as light as possible. Shelter and pack though tend to be the items that I will allow for a few extra ounces because too low for me equals pain on the trail. You seem to be discovering what works for you and in the end that is the only thing that matters.
safe trails,
ChaseDec 4, 2011 at 11:50 pm #1808816
Is Backpack Weight Important?
No. Comfort is.
I have some really light packs, the lightest is 113 grams (4 oz). If my total pack weight including food and water is over 4.5 kg (10lbs), the UL packs are uncomfortable. I own and have used some other light packs with minimal frames and have found all of them to be unsatisfactory. If I go much above 10lbs these days, then I use a McHale pack. It makes that much difference. Other folks thresholds for what is or is not comfortable may vary.Dec 4, 2011 at 11:57 pm #1808819
+1 to McHale packs. He is insane, but so is Tinny at MBD. However, insanity breeds some of the best products Ive found. Sometimes, it is the insane idea of another that drives an entire market.Dec 5, 2011 at 12:13 am #1808823
Dan isn't insane, he knows packs and materials. I am going to get another one and my wife is paying for it as a birthday present. She said she thinks I only want another pack so I can talk to Dan on the phone. Dan and I have a lot in common. Or maybe it is because I am insane?
Anyway, bottom line is that Dan builds his packs and suspensions to comfortably carry loads. Weight follows function and longevity.Dec 5, 2011 at 12:26 am #1808828
Then, yes, you too are insane:-) I say insanity in the best way. These makers are fanatic about their products and so they should be! But insane? yes! Either way, we are agreeing about the same thing, McHale backpacks are the end all of the pack search;-)Dec 5, 2011 at 1:01 am #1808833
Mike WBPL Member
@skopeoLocale: British Columbia
…Dec 5, 2011 at 4:34 am #1808845
James MarcoBPL Member
@jamesdmarcoLocale: Finger Lakes
As you found out, 2lb makes a LOT of difference at 10-20 pounds. The question is, what difference is carrying 2 extra pounds at ANY time?
In rare cases, the suspension for light weight packs justify a bit of extra weight.
For a week to 10 days there is never a need for heavy packs, unless you want them. Kind'a hard to imagine WANTING to carry 2 pounds extra any distance.
I would suggest that unless you have some special need for super suspension system, there is really no need to carry the extra 2 pounds, anytime. It will ALWAYS make a difference to use a heavier pack than is necessary.Dec 5, 2011 at 3:04 pm #1809043
wander lustSpectator
I kinda disagree with the last post.
Fit and comfort is really important. Than you can talk about weight.
A 7 to 10 day load can be heavier than 20 pounds, which is the comfort level for most frameless packs for most people. That really depends where and when you hike though.
If frameless packs work for you and you can stay under 20 pounds, go for it.
But ones you get over that comfort level such packs won't work as comfortable.
Sore shoulders just suck.
Besides, 2 extra pounds in the 10-20 pounds load range won't stop you doing stuff.
A pack with a frame is always more comfortable and worth the weight for me.
Well not when I carry stupid light loads.
Some people also just want a pack that does almost everything for them.Dec 5, 2011 at 3:24 pm #1809049
Aaron CroftBPL Member
@aaronuflLocale: Oregon
"Some people also just want a pack that does almost everything for them."
I've started subscribing to this philosophy with most of my gear. Obviously I have a daypack for shorter hikes, but as a poor grad student (har har), I use the same pack for 1-3 nights as I do for 7-10. Not to mention that I carry climbing gear on occasion, so I really do need a frame for carrying that rack.
I think another variable is where you hike. I just did a thru-hike of Zion National Park where I was required to carry large amounts of water for long stretches of trail. Speaking from personal experience, I wouldn't want a frameless pack in this situation or locale. Conversely, I spent last summer in the PNW where there is water every 3 feet and a frameless pack would still be comfortable. YMMV.Dec 5, 2011 at 5:21 pm #1809098
Eric BlumensaadtBPL Member
@danepackerLocale: Mojave Desert
I am of the "Internal Frame Persuasion". We "Internalists" feel that a frame didtributes weight far better than any frameless pack, ESPECIALLY as loaded weight climbs above 25 lbs.
I like the Osprey EXOS for comfort and light weight.Dec 5, 2011 at 9:36 pm #1809188
YAMABUSHI !BPL Member
From what I remember, McHale's are based on a design then you get to customize your final pack. What pack did you go with? As Ive only seen a few in person I would assume the Windsauk or LBP?
FWIW every McHale owner was absolutely satisfied.
Can we get a pic of yours?Dec 5, 2011 at 9:58 pm #1809193
Dan DurstonBPL Member
@dandydanLocale: Cascadia
I'm of the 'adequate comfortable-ness' mentality. I want the lightest pack that is 'adequately comfortable' and by that I mean I can carry it all day without encountering unreasonable discomfort. I don't need the most comfortable, padded, super duper pack, just one that isn't going to bother me as I hike.
There are two kinds of comfort at play here. There's how the pack feels on your back, and then there's the effects of carrying that pack on your whole body. A super padded 6 lbs backpack might feel awesome on your hips and back, but your poor legs have to carry those pounds too and they are going to wind up more tired & sore (ie. less comfortable) at the end of the day as a result of those pounds. You can swing too far one way or the other and wind up in rough shape.
For me, 15 lbs or less and I'm using a 5oz frameless cuben pack. 15-30 lbs and I'm using a light internal framed pack around 15-25oz. I don't regularly hike heavier than that, but if I was doing some huge unsupported wilderness treks that required 35-50 lbs then I'd be looking at a little more backpack structure.Dec 5, 2011 at 10:04 pm #1809195
Corbin McFarlaneBPL Member
Apparently, the ideal weight for a pack is 1/10 the weight of its contents, with a very few exceptions. Makes it easy…
50 lb = 5 lb pack.
30 lb = 3 lb pack.
10 lb = 1 lb pack.
etc.Dec 5, 2011 at 10:13 pm #1809198
Justin BakerBPL Member
@justin_bakerLocale: Santa Rosa, CA
When it comes to packs, there is good weight and bad weight. If you pack is it a little bit heavier, you want to make sure it's for a good reason (better weight capability, comfort ect.). But I guess that's what makes a pack good or not.Dec 6, 2011 at 12:29 am #1809222
eric chanBPL Member
to put it simply … yes any weight is important including the backpack
but worry about everything else first before your pack, if it already works for you
there are 2 pieces of gear where weight is irrelevant if it doesnt fit correctly or feels uncomfortable .. packs and shoes …
most other gear you can "make" work … i remember when i was a kid with oversized rain jackets … and adult sleeping bags …
packs and shoes are the one thing that absolutely must work … regardless of how "heavy" or "light" it is …Dec 6, 2011 at 2:15 am #1809231
Brian AustinMember
@footeabLocale: Pacific Northwest
How many years did I haul around a 2nd hand 8lb Alpiner McHale backpack I picked up for $250 because it didn't give me neck tension headaches like all other packs did? Could I buy a "traditional" lighter pack? Yes. Would it "fit" me? No.
Yes, I own use a Black diamond Shadow 55L backpack that I use for mountain climbing purposes and simply endure the tension headaches. If I am backpacking on trails I take the Alpiner heavy pack until of course I ponied up the money for a new light weight McHale Backpack and saved myself 4lbs.
Fit over weight. 100%
Currently am getting enough SUL gear to hopefully carry a traditional pack and do without the tension headaches due to an old neck injury. Problem is, I still like bringing along books and heavy tripods/cameras/RC sailplanes/paragliding kit…
PS. Seriously wickedly good RC sailplane flying in the mountains.
PPS. Looked pretty weird carrying all of 20lbs of gear in an 8lb giant backpack.Dec 6, 2011 at 9:53 am #1809331
Roger BBPL Member
@rogerbLocale: Denmark
G'day Darcy, ex Victorian, been to Bicheno and now living in Dk., I understand where you are coming from. I have tried packs from; GG, GoLIte, McHale, MacPac, Paddy Pallin and even Flinders Ranges, yes I have been around for a while. In the end I have found that Aarn packs for me are the most comfortable, they are not the lightest, and maybe one day I will re sew an Aarn frame to dyneema or Cuben. Aarn packs are comfortable because of the design, such as the angle of the shoulder straps, the hip belt and the way it encloses the hips all of which allow you to carry big loads (if needed). This coming weekend I am off on a 3 day trip and will be using an Aarn FF not because I need the volume, but because when I put the pack on it feels right. Yes I am carrying an extra half kg. BUT at the end of the hiking day I know that the pack will still be comfortable and my back/shoulders will not be sore and basically I will not be worried about shouldering the pack next morning and setting off again.
I have used the Aarn MM55, the Aarn FF and the Aarn NB for varying trip lengths and in each case I have never felt uncomfortable from carrying the pack. So in my view go with what you feel is comfortable and what works for you, or as Dan McHale says "Go light but carry a good pack" as at the end of the day you want to be able to enjoy the experience.
A couple of my blog posts may be of interest Aarn MM 55 and Aarn FFDec 6, 2011 at 1:55 pm #1809427
Can we get a pic of yours?
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A Fatal Vineyard Season: A Martha's Vineyard Mystery
€ 7,49
Besorgung - Lieferbarkeit unbestimmt
Juni 2000
BeschreibungMartha's Vineyard is home to ex-Boston cop J.W. Jackson, his adored wife Zee, their toddler Joshua, and newborn daughter Diana. For others, the picturesque vacation spot is a relaxing escape from a world filled with trouble. But there is no escape for Julia Crandel and Ivy Holiday, two Hollywood actresses staying in the Vineyard town of Oak Bluffs. Their arrival has incurred the wrath of a pair of local gangsters, and a deadly stalker from out of the young ladies' past has found out where they are hiding. Twin hurricanes are about to slam the idyllic island -- one a natural climatic disaster, the other an all-too-human catastrophe -- and it looks as if J.W. is going to get caught in the middle. And since his conscience won't allow him to abandon two frightened, helpless visitors to the fury of the coming storm, he stows away his fishing gear, sends his loved ones off-island...and dives headfirst into the tempest.
Untertitel: Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: AVON BOOKS
Erscheinungsdatum: Juni 2000
Seitenanzahl: 224 Seiten
Format: kartoniert


text:
This letter came to me in response to my article at CT about profanity in the movies. My argument covered a lot of points, including the fact that artists often use their work to hold up a reflection to culture with all of its pros and cons. Thus, art often reflects foul language because, clearly, the culture which we have been challenged to love and transform does indeed include people with colorful speech.Here is the response: If you ask me, this is a pretty flimsy way to rationalize and … [Read more...]
Archives for May 24, 2004
"There's no profanity in my society…"
May 24, 2004 by


text:
Speaker: Dan Johnson
Topic: Intro to Version Control
There are a lot of reasons as a developer to use version control. Have you ever lost code or had a backup that was too old? Have you ever wanted to experiment with a new feature without interfering with your live site? Have you ever wanted see the difference between two versions of your code. Yup version is your answer to all of those problems.
In my talk we will go over a few different options for version control software that you can run on DreamHost servers. I'll show you how to setup Subversion and Git on your DreamHost account and some tips for how to use each efficiently.
What do you do at DreamHost?
My title at DreamHost is Tech Support Lead. I give support to the support team. When tech support gets stumped they come to me for help.
What projects do you work on? What do you do on a regular basis?
Aside from managing a team of badass tech support folks, my specialty is PHP, so at DreamHost that means I tend to handle a lot of support for our One-Click install library.
What's one interesting fact we don't know about you?
In college I built a Lego robot that could play the piano.
What shows are on your DVR?
Walking Dead, Game of Thrones, Alaska: The Last Frontier, Tosh.O, Mythbusters
What's your alma mater?
I studied Computer Science at UC Santa Cruz, GO Slugs!
What's your go-to cocktail?
I don't always drink cocktails but when I do it's a gin and tonic. Generally though I prefer a nice beer over a cocktail, tripels are my favorite style.


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The Palsbarist argument: Israel is an apartheid state because it's a state for Jews and mistreats minorities.
You will see a lot of variations on this argument but that core is always there. Israel is apartheid because it's a state for Jews.
The counter argument: Meshaal's speech and the Palestinian National Covenant.
Meshaal's speech:
"Second, Palestine was, continues to be, and will remain Arab and Islamic. It belongs to the Arab and the Islamic world. Palestine belongs to us and to nobody else. This is the Palestine which we know and in which we believe."Palestinian National Covenant:
"Article 1: Palestine is the homeland of the Arab Palestinian people; it is an indivisible part of the Arab homeland, and the Palestinian people are an integral part of the Arab nation."So according to both the secular Palestinian National Covenant and the new Islamist leadership, Palestine is at a minimum an Arab homeland/state/entity (whatever you want to call it).
Therefore, by the exact same criteria the Palsbarists have laid out for Israel to be apartheid, Palestine must be apartheid as well, to say nothing about all the other Arab states in the Middle East. If anything, Israel is far less discriminatory than Palestine, etc. because anyone can convert to Judaism and become a Jew. I don't know how to become an Arab if you aren't born one.
I prefer not to defend Israel when presented with this apartheid accusation because it's not as effective as going on the offensive and attacking your opponent's biased and incorrect definition of apartheid. When using his own definition of apartheid against him (or her), you force your opponent to either admit Israel is not an apartheid state or admit Palestine is an apartheid state and therefore he is supporting apartheid (or I guess admit that they are both apartheid and he hates Israel more than Palestine just because).
By posting those quotes above, you can force your opponent into answering one of the unanswerable questions that all Palestinian supporters cannot handle: Why is a Jewish state "discriminatory and apartheid" by definition but an Arab state is not? Once you've got them into that corner, there's no way out without admitting prejudice against Jews.


text:
On the surface, most schools look alike—buildings, personnel, curriculum, and budgets. The A.C.E. program is different. For over 40 years, it has been the trendsetter in Biblical educational reform. Its philosophy is built on basic principles of the Word of God. Students are taught to see life from God's point of view, to take responsibility for their own learning, and to walk in Godly wisdom and character. Accelerated Christian Education® is not just a publisher but a comprehensive Bible-based program that serves both the campus-based school and the homeschool.
Click on each of the links below to learn the distinctives that set the A.C.E. curriculum apart.
A.C.E. understands the importance of computer technology in training students. The same self-instructional, mastery-based philosophy of our curriculum applies to technology training. Students generate excitement when they actively participate in their education through computer-based learning. A.C.E. offers computer-based learning through online diagnostic testing, Readmaster Plus, video and DVD courses, and the Computer Science Project.
Online Diagnostic Tests
The A.C.E. program offers entering students free online diagnostic testing to determine skill and concept mastery. The online diagnostic tests evaluate students, provide immediate scoring, and correlate skills with the scope and sequence for accurate placement in the curriculum.
Readmaster Plus
Readmaster Plus is an educational software suite that enhances students' educational experiences while challenging their learning. Readmaster Plus offers four distinct computer software programs. Readmaster offers computerized reading programs for all levels to improve reading rate and comprehension. Typemaster teaches computer keyboard skills. Math Builder provides computerized drill and practice in math concepts. Word Builder expands vocabulary skills by challenging the student to evaluate word meanings and spellings. Students are encouraged because they see and experience tangible results.
DVD and Video Support
Video and DVD courses help high-school students visualize the concepts found in their PACEs with personalized instruction, visual and auditory stimulation, character illustrations, and lab experiments.
Computer Science Project
Students may earn high school credit when completing activities with tutorial software of your choice through the Computer Science Project.


text: The database system is among the cornerstones of technology which has the ability to organize, process and manage data inside a structured and controlled manner. Now, almost everyone has encounter effective data management solutions for example Microsoft Access databasethat enables rapid growth and development of simple programs. As it... Read more


text:
A towering Queen Mary 2 was dwarfed by the huge mountains and stunning landscape as it cruised into the Fiordland National Park.
Sitting 62m above the water and measuring 345m long, the cruise liner is the largest passenger ship to ever visit the Milford Sound.
It wowed members of the public in Auckland and Wellington when it arrived last week, before heading to the sounds at the weekend.
The cruise liner is on its maiden circumnavigation of the country.


text:
Low bathroom ceiling
:(hi! Im currently having a peroblem with my new bathroom ceiling and my ceiling hung shower head, in the current position if it is placed it is too close to tight over my head, at current the ceiling is still open and hasnt been borded as of yet! The plumber told me it will be a problem, can it be fixed!! Showr head pole length 360mm
can someone please comment....
order shorter shower head pole. i am assuming you are not in U.S. since using metric "the best measurement system " so do not know plumbing supply source
Just change it to a flush mount.
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We are a small non-profit group, just a handful of friends with a common goal: to help as many homeless pets as possible by providing veterinarian & foster care, spaying/ neutering and finding a loving home where they can be happy forever. We do not have a shelter per se, only a few foster homes
We have been in the animal welfare field for 18+ years in the 4-State area, volunteering at area shelters, rescuing, nursing, fostering, and finding homes for many needy pets, young and old. We organized fundraisers and volunteered in many events to help homeless critters
Since pet personality varies we try to find the right match and when that doesn't occur, will take the adopted pets back and re-home them as needed. Happy families & happy pets = perfect formula
The founder of the group, Bea Caviglia, participated in several seminars and workshops presented by the Humane Soc. of the United States & ASPCA in different States, covering subjects as: pet health, behavior, disaster planning, humane and environmental education and others. She has also been involved with the Petfinder team for many years.
Our email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.loveanimals.petfinder.com
On behalf of our foster pets, MANY THANKS for any contributions in these tough times. We try to rescue as many homeless pets as possible so we operate working part-time in other fields and by donations only, not receiving funds from any entity.Several VETERINARIAN REFERENCES can be sent upon request. FeLV/FIV tests (cats) and Heartworm tests (dogs) as well as fecal exams and vaccinations are done before a pet goes up for adoption. We spent significant amounts of money to bring pets to health after rescuing from shelters or abuse, neglect, accidents or common health issues.
Donations for vet care can be sent to::
(ask for address information)
Receipts will be sent.PLEASE HELP US SAVE MORE INNOCENT LIVES Our Adoptable Pet List
WE HAVE HELPED more than 4,700 homeless pets since our humble beginnings finding loving homes for dogs & cats and we have worked with other reputable rescue groups outside MO to find homes for those that we were not able to help in our area. We have ALSO COMBO TESTED/SPAYED & NEUTERED/∓ amp; RELEASED 570 WILD CATS that live in different colonies around our region, with neighbors that provide food & shelter in warm barns in the countryside, protected from the weather & predators.
We rescue pets mainly from overcrowded area shelters and pets that have been abandoned/ neglected/abused or have been the innocent victims of natural disasters.
We have been working non-stop, with very little financial help and with only a couple of foster homes. We are operating @ maximum capacity so we BEG you to SPAY or NEUTER your pets: ONLY answer to pet overpopulation. Thousands of nice, healthy but unwanted pets are euthanized each year in shelters around our area - THERE ARE NO HOMES FOR ALL, regardless how big the shelters or the rescue groups are so... PLEASE SPAY or NEUTER YR PETS !!
. .
For the Love of Animals
P.O. Box 2186 Joplin, MO 64803
Email: email@example.com
Click here for a list of pets at this rescue group


text:
Welcome to 4 Paws Dog Spa, formerly The Dog Boutique.
We are a full service dog grooming salon, located in the heart of Allendale, NJ. Our expert staff of groomers are dedicated to giving your pet the best possible spa experience. At 4 Paws Dog Spa our mission is to provide a happy, safe environment for your pet, while receiving outstanding service.


text:
Motorists heading onto St. Simons Island on the FJ Torras cause...
There are 20 comments on the Brunswick News story from Oct 22, 2009, titled Motorists heading onto St. Simons Island on the FJ Torras cause.... In it, Brunswick News reports that:Motorists get little reminders 10/22/2009 By LOUIE BROGDON The Brunswick News Glynn County police are using new tools to fix an old problem.
Join the discussion below, or Read more at Brunswick News.
1 - 20 of 20 Comments Last updated Feb 19, 2010
#1 Oct 23, 2009
Again, no one is addressing real control. If we look to the city for a lead here (give Brunswick a first for something, besides crime and prostitution) why not put cameras on the causeway? It would be a simple matter of placing two or three radar activated cameras on the causeway and send out tickets. After the first 100 or so speeding tickets are mailed you will see a marked reduction in speed on the causeway. A few signs aren't going to make any difference. A concrete barrier isn't going to reduce speed either.
#2 Oct 31, 2009
The very much needed barrier wouldn't be in place to reduce speed. It would act as a literal barrier to keep the idiot drunks from swerving over and killing innocent drivers in the oncoming lanes.
The barrier would also serve as a deflector so when said idiot drunks hit it instead of another car they will bounce off of it and skid off the causeway or bridge and only kill themselves...hopefully. One less stupid drunk on the road the better.
#3 Nov 3, 2009
Radar cameras are not legal in Ga nor should they be. Its big bro in 2009 instead of 1984.
#4 Nov 18, 2009
Hasn't been a fatality on the causeway for over a year. I feel for those who lost loved ones due to drunk drivers by a barrier on the causeway doesn't really address the problem. A drunk anywhere else still has the ability to kill someone. Why not put your efforts into really stopping the problem. Systems exist that will prevent anyone impaired from starting a car. This cures the problem. A barrier only provides construction jobs for 2 months and waste a lot of money. If you care about saving lives then keep drunks off the road.
#5 Nov 20, 2009
If you think that saving the life of an innocent person is a "waste of money" then you need to take a long look in the mirror. When someone you love is killed by a stupid drunk then you can sit back and chime in. This thread is about the causeway, not about drunks everywhere. If I had my way everyone convicted of drunk driving in Glynn county would be building the barrier for free while wearing 'I AM A DRUNK' t-shirts, for starters...
#6 Nov 20, 2009
I agree Capn. Unless a law is passed requiring every vehicle in the USA to be equipped with a breathalizer... and even then a sober "friend" can start the car, those barriers are our best bet. I knew one of the people killed on the causeway by a car loaded with drunk illegals. Senseless. Drunks "everywhere else" can be "Warnin's" problem. The barriers will help protect the innocent from idiotic drunks here in Glynn County.
#7 Jan 6, 2010
Dear Captain Ned, did you ever consider that the way to keep drunks from causing accidents is to keep them off the road? Why don't you get on the prevention bandwagon and quit promoting punishing everyone for the actions of a few. We have created a huge industry that supports drunk driving. We catch em, fine em, make them go to school. Ever thought about the % of law enforcement time involved in catching drunks? How many lawyers, judges, jail cells could we eliminate if we just made it impossible for an impaired person to start a car? The construction of a 2 million dollar causeway barrier isn't going to stop drunk driving. Use the 2 million bucks to stop drunk driving! You can't control it !!!!
#8 Jan 6, 2010
Dearest Warnin,
Just how am I "promoting punishing everyone"? Can you actually say truthfully that you would not be safer on the causeway on a weekend night with a barrier in place? How could you not? Would your idea of placing cameras on the causeway help drunks not drink and drive? No. Cameras would do nothing to make the area itself safer. They would only catch speeders with a photo, and not even the drunks who are weaving while doing the speed limit.
It almost seems you have stock in the car-breathalyzer system. Do these systems also confirm the car owner's DNA? No, they don't and that means anyone could blow into one and start another person's car. It's just like an underage kid paying a 21 year old to buy beer for them - it would happen every day and night.
Again, this thread is about the causeway and not drunks in general. The causeway barrier would indeed save lives. And the cost would not be $2 million if convicts were made to construct and build it. Only the price of the gas used for transportation would be involved in the cost of the labor.
I also think that alcohol related offenses and punishments are a joke but there will always be drunks on the causeway and everywhere else as long as alcohol is legal. That means get rid of the booze, but the booze isn't going away. Our pitiful inane government needs every penny they can squander and will never be without the tax money that alcohol (and tobacco) generates. That leaves getting rid of the drunks.
The solution is quite simple. If you kill someone anywhere while driving intoxicated then the public will get to enjoy a public execution. So line 'em up and let's make a festival of it. Think of the tax dollars the admission would generate! The local officials would love it!
Seriously, if the punishment was severe enough you'd see the DUIs reduced a lot, and quickly. Just think. There'd be more decent people alive and less stupid drunks to contend with. Oh, but that kind of punishment is "cruel and unusual", "inhumane" and "barbaric". That's what the average God-fearing person would say. Yeah, tell that to a mom whose young daughter was killed by a drunk idiot. I think she'd have a different point of view, as do I.
#9 Jan 17, 2010
I drive cross that thang drunk all the time. With my butt hangin out the window....I am Farrreeeelll Landon and you better recoginize.........Yeah..lay the smack down and kick ur butt...
#10 Jan 18, 2010
Drive? I thought FARRIES could fly...FARRY.
#11 Jan 18, 2010
I can fly too......Heard you got a peg leg.....that vibrates...so you don't gt lonely at night....
#12 Jan 19, 2010
That's right FARRY. It smells like your mama, a smell you know all too well.
#13 Jan 21, 2010
I should know it.....I came out of it....unlike you who came out the other hole.... why can't you liberals be polite once in awhile? Tired of your left wing agenda on here....at least my mama don't smell like the garbage dumpster behind red lobster.....what do vinegar and water sound like when they come together???....DOUCHE!!!!
#14 Jan 22, 2010
Your mama lied to you, FARRY. That's why you have nutty brown hair and green teeth.
Now, lil' girl, show me ONE instance of left-wing liberalism in any of my posts. And just to be clear -'left wing' doesn't mean it's time for more fried chicken.
And how do you know what a Red Lobster dumpster smells like, FARRY? Do you investigate various dumpsters whenever your mama lets you out of her bedroom to play? It could be that your mama and the dumpster smell exactly the same - the real reason you're drawn to dumpsters. Oh, but you're such a good little girl to defend the one who buys your Vaseline. If you used it more often you wouldn't have time to post inane and incorrect drivel here, you impolite, rude & crude man-tool you.
Farriespostnow, farriespostnow, farriespostnow.
#15 Jan 24, 2010
Liberal Trash
#16 Jan 25, 2010
<"Farriespostnow, farriespostnow, farriespostnow"
>"Liberal Trash"
You're such an obedient little FARRY. XOXO
#17 Feb 1, 2010
Ned sings "YMCA"......stick one in me...."YMCA"
#18 Feb 1, 2010
Yo mama sings 'Do Dat To Me One Mo Time'
by Cap'n Ned and Tennille.
#19 Feb 14, 2010
Looking for feedback. My hemorrhiods are killing me!
I walk around town bowlegged and with my fingers shoved in my crack all day. I can't take it much longer! I was grilling chicken the other night and almost threw it away because I kept digging my fingers into my hole and then had to flip the chicken with my hand before it burnt. We still ate the chicken, I figured heat kills anything. Bad economy.
Really ya'll, if I could get my fist in there I would. GODDAMMMITTTT I'm tired of this!! It feels like someone stuck a flaming brick of charcoal up my a**!!!!!!!! Please help before I go crazy and/or my fingers rot off.
#20 Feb 19, 2010
yes deer, iz live close to almer but I woulnd,t live thar because I act like a house cat in heat outside the trailer park!! U KNOW how them cats get when they start banging, it be like RRRAAAAAWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW!!!!!! !!!! Blamdablam!! RRRAAAWWWWWW!!!!!!! I get so into it the tires on the trailer blowed out. My rectum looks like a bowl of chili when I let the boys at the trailer park run the train on me! RRRAAWWWWWWWWWWAWWWAAAAWWWWWW! !!!!!! I swear, I get so sweaty it looked like I was layin on a waterbed when it exploded!! My underarms get to stankin and my feet smell like I been walkin with no shoes on thru a dang ole dairy farm. I go outside and crunked up the truck and started revvinn it!!! VVVRRRRMMMMMMOOOO!!!!! That vibration got me all in the mood again so I jumped on this ole boy who was firin up some meth. WE was like too almer house cats in a fight to the death RRRAAWWWWWWW!!!!! RRRAAWWWWWWWWWW!!!!! That boy rode me like a CSX train headed to Ocilla. I ain't been this sore since I tried to seduce that billy goat. C yall later, I gotta go douche at the deep well.
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"The retreat from work, in short, has had a real impact." - Richard Vedder, Professor of Economics Emeritus at Ohio University
In an era of policy-driven capital markets it's essential to stay in tune with and even anticipate major policy shifts before they are yesterday's news. Some policy makers are more influential than others, and perhaps the most important global player is the U.S. Federal Reserve. The Fed is currently undertaking two extraordinary policy measures: short-term rates near zero percent and large scale asset purchases known as quantitative easing ("QE"). These measures have had an enormous impact on investor psychology and asset prices over the past several years, and any stock or bond investor who correctly anticipates when and how the Fed begins reversing these policies will be ahead of the curve.
We believe the labor force participation rate is one of the key economic data points that will have an impact on Fed policy in the coming quarters. Defined as the percentage of the U.S. population age 16 and older that are employed or actively looking for a job, this statistic essentially tells us how much of the working age population are "in the game" or at least on the bench waiting to be put in. In terms of economic influence, this measure punches above its weight in that its impact on unemployment, economic growth and by extension Fed policy is far greater than the credit it is given. Let's unpack recent trends in the participation rate, and then we'll discuss its possible impact on Fed policy.
A look at a long-term chart shows that in the four decades leading up to the turn of the century participation steadily increased from less than 60% to over 67% in April of 2000. This was driven by two factors: more women entering the workforce than ever before and the baby boomers entering their prime working years. Over the past thirteen years, however, participation has slowly declined back down to 63% at its most recent measurement. In other words, there are 4 fewer out of every 100 working age adults that are employed or looking for a job as compared to thirteen years ago.
Another way to look at this is the number of workers that are no longer contributing to economic growth. If we were to assume a constant participation rate of 67.3%, we can derive how many workers have actually "gone missing" since April 2000 by applying this rate to the working age population over this time frame. The chart below shows this number to be 9.8 million since April 2000.
So why the recent decline in participation? One popular answer, especially with the more pessimistic crowd, is that the economy is so bad that people are becoming discouraged and simply giving up on looking for a job. Fortunately there is a way to quantify this, and as it turns out this does not account for the drop in the participation rate. As the chart below shows, while discouraged workers did increase after the financial crisis, this rise has only contributed 0.18% to the decline in the participation rate over the past thirteen years.
Another potential answer, and one that does partially explain the decline, is that an increasing number of working age adults are now on government assistance, particularly social security disability benefits (recipients of disability benefits are typically not looking for work and thus are no longer considered participating). We discussed this dynamic back in March in our post Workers On Welfare. Since the peak in the participation rate thirteen years ago the number of people receiving disability benefits has grown by 4.6% annually vs. 1.1% growth for the working age population. Given the aging demographic of the U.S. we might expect a slight discrepancy here, but a growth multiple of over 4x seems to indicate there is something more going on than simple aging. Regardless of why this happening, we can derive from the numbers that this trend accounts for 2.5 million, or roughly 25%, of the 9.8 "missing workers" mentioned above.
We arrive, finally, at the single biggest reason for the decline in labor market participation: aging demographics. Since the BLS considers anyone over 16 years of age to be of working age, the denominator used in the participation rate calculation includes retirees. Given this fact, the higher the average age of the population, the lower we would naturally expect the participation rate to be. As shown in the chart below, labor market participation amongst 25-54 year-olds is roughly twice that of those 55 and older.
The impact of demographics on the participation rate is incredibly important to grasp, because it all but ensures that participation will continue to trend lower into the future. Less participation leads to a smaller labor force, which leads to a smaller headline unemployment rate (labor force is the denominator in the unemployment calculation). In a recent JP Morgan Market Bulletin Dr. David Kelly attempts to quantify the potential implications this has for the unemployment rate going forward. Using a number of assumptions, he backs into when the unemployment rate will dip below 6.5% given various average monthly job gains. His conclusions are shown in the nearby table. Keep in mind that the economy has added nearly 180,000 jobs per month on average over the past two years, and that number is closer to 210,000 over just the past six months. In comparison to the current FOMC estimate of August 2015, it's clear that the declining participation rate combined with increased hiring could drive unemployment below 6.5% much sooner than the Fed is expecting.
Bernanke and his team have identified unemployment above 6.5% and inflation below 2.5% as two justifications for their zero interest rate policy. In regards to QE, they have simply stated that they'd like to see "substantial improvement" in labor markets prior to stemming their purchases. Market participants have already begun anticipating a potential tapering in QE as early as this year, and our analysis on the participation rate suggests this could be a real possibility. Several Federal Reserve bank presidents, the likes of which include Richard Fisher of Dallas and John Williams of San Francisco, have also begun speaking out in favor of reducing asset purchases throughout the year and potentially ending them by year-end.
It's important to remember that we've examined only one of many potential inputs into the Fed's next policy decision, and there are also plenty of reasons not to expect a shift in monetary policy this year. The economic recovery is far from strong, and we believe Bernanke will be more inclined to keep stimulus in place well into the recovery than run the risk of reducing it too early. While it's key to our understanding of where policy may be headed next, at the end of the day, labor market participation is but one piece in the overall mosaic.
Disclosure: I am long ACWI. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it. I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article. Transparency is one of the defining characteristics of our firm. As such, it is our goal to communicate with our clients frequently and in a straightforward way about what we are doing in their portfolios and why. This information is not to be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities. It represents only the opinions of Season Investments. Any views expressed are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as an offer, an endorsement, or inducement to invest.