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Marin gays and lesbians expressed optimism about the outcome as the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday took up the first of two cases dealing with same-sex marriage.
"I'm surprised we're at this juncture in my lifetime," said Wanden Treanor, a San Rafael lawyer and long-time member of the College of Marin Board of Trustees, who has lived with her partner, Marin Superior Court Judge Faye D'Opal, for 30 years.
Paula Pilecki, executive director of the Spectrum LGBT Center in San Rafael, said, "Regardless of what happens, we've elevated the conversation to a national level, and that is what has to happen to change hearts and minds about marriage equality."
Sally Kuhlman of Mill Valley, who married her partner, Celia Graterol, in 2008, said she would consider it a victory even if the court legalizes gay marriage only in California.
"It won't be as big a step as I'd like to see," Kuhlman said. "But it will be a baby step in the right direction. I'll feel we're progressing, and that will make me happy."
Based on questions asked by the justices Tuesday, some court observers speculated the court is unlikely to issue a sweeping ruling that would establish the right of same-sex couples to marry nationwide.
Andy Fyne, spokesman for the Marin AIDS Project, said he expects the court to simply rule that the Proposition 8 proponents had no legal standing to bring the case to the high court in the first place. That would make same-sex marriage legal in California; but it would leave the rest of the country unaffected.
Fyne said, "I think that's the best we can expect right now; I'm kind of a pessimist when it comes to that. The Supreme Court has an easy way out."
But Barbara Monty, a San Rafael lawyer who hopes to someday marry her partner of 31 years, said, "Who knows what the Supreme Court is going to do. I can't predict how it's going to go. I would like to see the Supreme Court do the right thing: grant full and complete rights to all American citizens and allow same-sex couples to be married."
While some members of the gay community expressed wonder at the speed of change, others wondered what is taking so long.
Michael Frank, Novato's city manager, who married his partner David Adams in 2008, said, "I think folks have waited long enough. It's not a political issue; it's not a religious issue; it's an issue of fairness. At some point the court needs to take a stand regarding that fairness."
Frank and Adams share custody of their 11-year-old daughter with her mother, who is a lesbian. Frank said he is impatient for the federal government to recognize the legitimacy of his marriage partly for his daughter's sake.
Tiburon resident Jeanne Rizzo and wife Pali Cooper were lead plaintiffs in the initial case that challenged the state constitution on same-sex marriage in 2004.
Rizzo said, "We wondered then if we were going to see this in our lifetime. I'm not one who felt that we ought to hold back and wait. Gavin Newsom taught us that waiting doesn't get us anywhere. What he did set this whole thing in motion. I think we do need to push the issue."
Treanor said that Wednesday, when the Supreme Court takes up the legality of the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act, could be even more pivotal.
"That is where the bulk of the discrimination is, in the federal laws," Treanor said.
Pilecki said she expects the court to rule narrowly on Proposition 8.
"And I'm not disappointed because tomorrow the Defense of Marriage case is being heard," Pilecki said. "I think the only way we're going to get full marriage equality is when we strike down DOMA."
Contact Richard Halstead via e-mail at email@example.com


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Seventeen magazine's vow to celebrate all body types: It's about time.
By Chelsea Carmona | July 6, 2012
(The Christian Science Monitor) In the August issue of Seventeen magazine, editor-in-chief Ann Shoket responds to a fierce campaign to "keep it real" by vowing to keep photo shoots transparent, celebrate all body types, and never change the shapes of girls' bodies or faces. And it's about time. Many teen girls are caught in the body-image trap, but it snares people of all ages. Last month, talk-show hostAnderson Cooper kicked off his guest – the British mother Sarah Burge – because he could no longer hear her defend the decision to give her eight-year-old daughter vouchers for breast implants and liposuction, redeemable when she turns 18. Ms. Burge has reportedly spent more than $500,000 in plastic surgeries to become "the human Barbie," as she calls herself.
How AA Fails To Support Young Addicts
(The Washington Post) I was 20 when I attended my first Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. "Hi, I'm Chelsea, and I'm an addict," I said, introducing myself to a group of mostly middle-aged men and women. The room fell silent. "No!" a discouraging voice bellowed from the back of the room. "This is a meeting for alcoholics!"
Folks without Internet need news access too
By Jesse Hardman | June 28, 2012
(Columbia Journalism Review) From 2007 to 2009, I lived in Sri Lanka and co-edited a weekly newspaper. It was a simple news outlet, just a few pages delivered directly to a very select audience, people fleeing the Sri Lankan civil war. People living in displacement camps in northern or eastern Sri Lanka got this newspaper, called Lifeline, every week. The articles covered what they needed to know about how to get back on their feet after leaving everything behind, how to find a job, how to get medical care, what their housing rights were, and how to find missing family members.
Dallas Ratings Spike in Renewables, Too
By Anna Clark | July 2, 2012
(The Huffington Post) Dallas is back on prime time, and in more ways than one. The black stuff spewing from the gusher in the season premier may be pure fiction -- Texas oil fields are hundreds of miles away from Dallas -- but the TV producers portray at least one truth: Dallas has an abundance of wealth and energy resources. And we're getting smarter about how to use them.
From Snow White to Brave: the evolution of the Action Princess
By Jaclyn Friedman | June 26, 2012
(The Guardian) When I was a little girl, I used to twirl around and around in my bedroom, stopping only to deflect imaginary bullets with my nonexistent indestructible cuffs. There was never any question about which kind ofUnderoos I wanted: I was a Wonder Woman girl. What I didn't know then is that my first role model belonged to a very rare tribe: the princess who is also a bona fide action hero. Or, as I like to call her, the Action Princess. This month, their tiny ranks swell by two big-budget badasses: Snow White (of Snow White and the Huntsman), and Princess Merida (ofBrave, which owned the US box office this past weekend).
"I had the honor and privilege of being surrounded by twenty truly amazing women (five of whom were lawyers, myself included), ranging in age from 30-60 and coming from all corners of the globe. One woman (Opinion Page Editor at the Sydney Morning Herald) flew in from Australia. Another woman (a veterinarian) flew in from Guelph, Canada; her sister (an Episcopalian minister) flew in from Santa Fe, New Mexico. I feel like I am part of a movement (aka the Op-Ed Project) and it is truly gaining momentum. No turning back now! Thanks again for making this possible. I'll be sure to let you know when my first piece hits the news stand." -–Arlene M. Roberts, speechwriter, editor of "Eloquent Delivery - 150 Great Speeches by Female Activists and Political Leaders from Cady Stanton to Chisholm to Clinton""Frankly, the session with Catherine Orenstein was one of the best of its type I have heard and this was not my first. In fact, I approached the session in a rather dubious frame of mind, but Catherine converted me almost immediately."-–Elizabeth Rindskopf Parker, Dean, University of the Pacific McGeorge Law School; former general counsel of the National Security Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency"Katie was a tough, superb teacher. After class one day, I mentioned that I had inadvertently worked for a company which was helping students cheat. Katie strongly encouraged me to write about it and helped me submit my piece. A week later, "Writing Wrongs" was published on the front page of the Outlook section of the Washington Post. Along with the tremendous feedback I received, the piece opened many doors for me. I am thankful for Katie's support in what I hope will be a life-long career in journalism."--Bess Kargman, accepted by Columbia Journalism School after publishing her op-ed"After I read about Catherine Orenstein's seminar I got up the nerve to write my first op-ed piece ever. Her advice was so helpful that my first editorial appeared in the Boston Globe - after which I was invited to be on NPR. Two weeks after I finished the seminar I placed my second op-ed in the Chicago Tribune. The response has been very positive and several people have suggested I write a book!"--Zine Magubane, Associate Professor of Sociology at Boston College.

subset: commoncrawl


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USNA: The United States of North America Blog
Allan Stanleigh | Posted 08.28.2013 | Canada
Read More: United States of North America, Canada Day, USNA Graphic Novel, Graphic Novel, Usna, Canada News
We have written a story about the union of the United States and Canada into a new country: the United States of North America. As Canadians, this is not a future we would personally embrace. From our perspective we feel that the core values of our two countries are substantively different.
I had spent a whole afternoon scribbling on the entry hall wall, up the staircase wall and onto the second floor sitting room wall. In those days, the discipline of choice for Chinese families was the bamboo cane feather duster. That too, I remember painfully well. So it is with much affection that I open and dedicate my graphic novel, Escape to Gold Mountain, to Granny with her words: "David! Stop drawing on the walls! When you grow up, you had better still not be drawing cartoons!"


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Arkham Asylum Sequel
Posted by Shane
It never ceases to amaze me when I am right. When I think the movie/game is extremely good there is a good change of a squeal even before it's announced.
It looks like this time we are moving outside the Arkham and onto the streets of Gotham. If we remember the last bits of Arkham Asylum we get reports that Harvey "Two Face" Dent is on the loose.
No one in the game really dies so all the trailers that you might see relating to this sequel can be the truth. How many times did the Joker or the other villains escape Arkham in the TV series? Plenty.
List of villains that I think that will show up:
- Black Mask
- Harvey "Two Face" Dent
- Joker
- Harley
- Mad Hatter
- Catwomen
- Ridder (This time for real.)
We could see Robin, Oracle, Nightwing, and/or Alfred as well. We still might have cameo's from other villains and this is what makes Batman games so great.
Source: Batman Arkham Asylum Sequel to Exit Arkham – PC World.


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Patent application title: Process To Mold A Plastic Optical Article With Integrated Hard Coating
Hannah Vu (New Brighton, MN, US)
IPC8 Class: AG02C702FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Spectacles and eyeglasses ophthalmic lenses or blanks with lens protective layers
Publication date: 2009-11-05
Patent application number: 20090273756
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Patent application title: Process To Mold A Plastic Optical Article With Integrated Hard Coating
Hannah Vu
Origin: TORRANCE, CA US
IPC8 Class: AG02C702FI
USPC Class:
Patent application number: 20090273756
Disclosed is a process for molding plastic optical articles with a hard
coated film, comprising steps of coating one side of an optical film with
a hard coating, pre-curing the hard coating to a tack free state while
still maintaining the coating flexibility, making an insert from the
coated film for the desired optical article, molding the plastic resin
onto the insert through insert injection molding, and post-curing the
molded article. The utilization of the pre-curing and post-curing steps
have been found to eliminate hard coating cracks during the insert making
and the molding step, while providing a hard coating with desired
properties. Such an optical article possesses a hard coating integrated
on its surface, thus, eliminating the need to further coat the optical
1. A method of producing a molded optical article comprising:applying a
hard coating to one side of an optical film;precuring the hard
coating;forming the optical film to a desired shape;placing the optical
film in a mold cavity and injection molding a resin material; andcuring
the hard coating.
2. The method of producing a molded optical article of claim 1, wherein the hard coating is thermally curable.
3. The method of producing a molded optical article of claim 1, wherein the hard coating is UV curable or radiation curable.
4. The method of producing a molded optical article of claim 1, wherein the hard coating is applied to the optical film with a web coating process.
5. The method of producing a molded optical article of claim 1, wherein the hard coating is applied to the optical film by a spin coating process.
6. The method of producing a molded optical article of claim 1, wherein the optical film is comprised of a material thermally fusible to the resin material.
7. The method of producing a molded optical article of claim 1, wherein the resin material is selected from a group consisting of polycarbonates, (meth)acrylate resins, styrene-(meth)acrylate copolymers, polysulfones, polyarylates, cyclo-olefin copolymer resins, or cellulose esters.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the optical film is comprised of a material selected from a group consisting of polycarbonates, (meth)acrylate resins, styrene-(meth)acrylate copolymers, polysulfones, polyarylates, cyclo-olefin copolymer resins, or cellulose esters.
9. The method of producing a molded optical article of claim 1, wherein the optical article is an ophthalmic lens.
10. The method of producing a molded optical article of claim 1, wherein the optical article is a sport goggle plate.
11. The method of producing a molded optical article of claim 1, wherein the optical film is a functional plate.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the optical film is thermally fusible to the optical article resin material.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the optical film is a polarizing plate.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the optical film is a photochromic plate.
15. An eye lens comprising:a lens substrate;an optical film joined with the lens substrate; anda hard coating disposed upon the optical film, the hard coating having been pre-cured prior to said optical film being joined with said lens substrate.
16. An optical element formed by injection molding comprising:a lens substrate;an optical film disposed upon the lens substrate; anda hard coating disposed upon the optical film, the hard coating having been pre-cured prior to disposing said optical film on said lens substrate;said hard coating being substantially free of wrinkles and cracks.
[0001]This application claims priority to provisional application Ser. No. 60/401,911 filed Aug. 7, 2002, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0002]The present invention relates to a process for molding a plastic optical article having a curved surface with integrated hard coating. The hard coating prevents the optical article from surface scratching and abrasion. The present invention specifically relates to a process to mold a plastic optical lens, and more specifically an ophthalmic lens, with integrated hard coating through insert injection molding. Still more specifically, the present invention relates to a process to mold an ophthalmic lens with a hard coated optical film as the insert.
[0003]Optical articles such as ophthalmic lenses made from non-glass materials, such as polycarbonate and CR-39®, have become popular due to their low cost and light weight. Polycarbonate provides further advantages such as high refractive index and high impact resistance compared to CR-39®. However, polycarbonate is very susceptible to surface scratches and has low resistance to some common chemicals and solvents compared to other materials. Application of a protective hard coating on the surface of a non-glass ophthalmic lens is necessary for its practical use.
[0004]As a common practice, plastic optical articles such as ophthalmic lenses are hard coated after they are made, through a process such as dip coating and spin coating. In a dip coating process, an optical article is dipped into a coating bath filled with a coating solution and then lifted at a given speed to yield a given coating thickness. A dip coating process usually comprises the steps of washing the optical article, drying it, dipping and lifting the article into the coating solution to coat it, drying the coating, and finally curing the coating. In a spin coating process, a coating solution is spin applied onto the surface of an optical article. A typical spin coating process is similar to a dip coating process, in that the dipping step replaced by the spin step.
[0005]Alternatively, a plastic optical article can be coated through a process known as in-mold coating. This technique is especially useful when the surface to be coated is shaped in a way to make either dip coating or spin coating impossible. An example of such an optical article is a segmented multi-focal lens. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,338,269, 4,544,572, 4,800,123 and 5,049,321 described in-mold coatings and processes to coat cast ophthalmic lenses. A typical process of in-mold coating comprises steps of applying the coating to the face of a cast mold, drying and/or semi-curing the coating, filling the mold cavity with the optical resin, and fully curing the resin and the coating. While this method is suitable for producing cast plastic or resin optical articles with hard a coated surface, it is not applicable to plastic optical articles, e.g., polycarbonate ophthalmic lenses, produced through an injection molding process. This is primarily due to the difficulty of coating and cleaning the mold surfaces after each molding cycle.
[0006]To in-mold coat an injection molded plastic article, the following steps are typically involved: injecting a melt of a thermoplastic resin into a cavity of a mold to form a molded article, generating (through machine control) a thin gap between the article surface to be coated and the corresponding mold surface, injecting a coating composition into the gap, adjusting the gap to commensurate with a predetermined coating thickness, curing the coating composition to form a coated molded article, and withdrawing the coated molded article from the mold. Such processes and coatings have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,076,788, 4,331,735, 4,366,109, 4,668,460, 5,777,053, and 6,180,043, and Japanese Patent Publications A-5-301251, A-5-318527, and A-8-142119 for example. While methods of in-mold coating for injection molding plastic articles is widely used for large articles such as automobile parts, the technique has limited use in molding plastic optical articles such as ophthalmic lenses. This limitation is primarily due to the complex injection molding process control, difficulty in applying a hard coating thinner than, e.g., 10 μm, extended molding cycles, and a lack of optical quality hard coating.
[0007]To enhance the optical quality of hard-coated, injection molded optical articles and to eliminate the post coating process, insert injection molding with a hard-coated film as an insert to mold hard-coated optical articles may be used. Japanese Patent Publications A-60-195515 and A-61-032004 described such a process to make hard-coated goggle lenses and polarized optical parts.
[0008]The film is typically hard-coated with a coating based on highly cross-linked acrylates or siloxanes. The coating may either be radiation (e.g., UV) curable or thermally curable. In most cases, coatings based on acrylates are radiation cured and coatings based on siloxanes are thermally cured. Although high degree of cross-linking provides the coating its hardness for abrasion and scratching resistance, it also makes the coating rather brittle with regards to the molding process. When the film is used to mold a hard coated, plastic optical article having some degree of surface curvature, e.g., a polycarbonate ophthalmic lens with a 6 diopter front surface, the coating will crack during the injection molding step because it lacks the requisite elongation characteristics.
[0009]In order to avoid cracking of coating during the injection molding process, a thermoformable coating is needed. U.S. Pat. No. 4,477,499 disclose a thermoformable silicone resin coating composition comprising a colloidal silica filled thermoset organopolysiloxane containing a silylated ultraviolet radiation screening compound and a small amount of a Lewis acid compound. U.S. Pat. No. 4,561,950 describes a radiation curable, post-formable coating composition comprising a silicone dicarbinol diurethane diacrylate or dimethacrylate, a polyester diurethane diacrylate or dimethacrylate, and other functional acrylates or acrylic acids. U.S. Pat. No. 4,598,021 disclosed a thermoformable coating composition containing a polycaprolactone polyol and an aminoplast derivative.
[0010]U.S. Pat. No. 4,929,506 described a thermoformable polycarbonate sheet or film coated with a hard, abrasion and chemical resistant coating which is the photoreaction product of an acrylated urethane oligomer, a difunctional acrylate monomer and preferably also a monofunctional olefinic monomer.
[0011]However, the aforementioned thermoformable coatings gain the formability by loosing certain degree of abrasion and scratching resistance, which is the original purpose of these coatings. They are not hard enough to provide plastic optical articles with the desired abrasion and scratch resistance.
[0012]It is now found by the inventor that a molded, hard-coated plastic optical article that has excellent surface optical quality and desired abrasion and scratching resistance can be produced by a process that molds the thermoplastic resin material of the optical article against an optical film having a precured hard coating.
[0013]It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing process that, utilizes the insert injection molding method and produces a molded, hard-coated plastic optical article that has excellent surface optical quality and desired abrasion and scratching resistance.
[0014]The object is accomplished by using an optical film, coated on one side of a precured or semi-cured coating, as the insert and molding the thermoplastic resin material of the optical article against the un-coated side of the optical film to thermally fuse the thermoplastic resin and the optical film together. The result is a molded, hard-coated optical article.
[0015]According the invention, there is a manufacturing process is provided for producing a molded, hard-coated plastic optical article, and comprising: [0016]a) applying a hard coating on one side of an optical film to a desired thickness; [0017]b) precuring the hard coating to a tack free state with predetermined conditions; [0018]c) preparing the insert by punching out and pre-forming the optical film to the designed shape to fit with the desired products; [0019]d) placing the insert in the mold cavity of a molding machine and injection molding the resin material against the insert with predetermined molding conditions; [0020]e) curing the hard coating completely on the molded optical article.
[0021]By the term hard coating, it is meant the coating is both abrasion resistant and scratch resistant.
[0022]The optical film can either be a single sheet or a composite functional plate, including but not limited to a polarizing laminate plate or a photochromic laminate plate.
[0023]The process of the present invention can be used to mold hard-coated optical articles such as ophthalmic lenses and sport goggle plates without the need of a post-coating stage after the articles are molded. Depending on the nature of the optical film, the process can be used to produce pre-coated optical articles with additional functions such as anti-reflection compatible hard coating, polarization, photochromic properties, etc., introduced by the optical film.
[0024]FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hard coated lens in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0025]FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a molding process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0026]The hard coating applicable in the process of the present invention can be either a thermally or UV curable hard coating, although a thermally curable coating is preferred for its superior abrasion and scratch resistance. UV curable coatings are usually based on the acrylate chemistry, and either are solventless or contain some solvents. They are cured by UV radiation. Thermally curable coatings for ophthalmic lenses are mostly siloxane based, made from hydrolyzed tetraethoxy silane, and other functional silanes. Thermally curable coatings usually have higher abrasion resistance than UV curable coatings. However, thermally curable siloxane coatings need longer curing time than UV curable coatings. For example, thermally curable coatings can be found in numerous patents, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,211,823, 4,547,397, 5,357,024, 5,385,955, and 6,538,092. For example, UV curable coatings 4,384,026, 4,478,876, 4,491,508, 5,126,394, and 5,409,965. These patents are incorporated herein by reference.
[0027]A preferred thermally curable hard coating may have a total solid content of between 10% to 50% by weight, and comprise aqueous-organic solvent mixtures containing a mixture of hydrolysis products and partial condensates of an epoxy functional silane and a disilane and an acidic catalyst such as a Bronsted acid, a Lewis acid, or a carboxylic acid. The solvent of the aqueous-organic solvent mixture may be selected from a group consisting of an alcohol, an ether, a glycol, a glycol ether, an ester, a ketone, a glycol ether acetate and mixtures of each. The selected solvent should not dissolve the optical film substrate to be coated. The epoxy functional silane may be selected from a group consisting of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxyethoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and mixtures of forgoing. Exemplary thermally curable coatings are MP-1154, MD-1183, and MP-1193 from SDC Coatings (Anaheim, Calif.).
[0028]An even more preferred hard coating composition comprises components that can be cross-linked by both radiation energy and thermal energy. If this kind of hard coating is used to coat the optical film, radiation energy such as UV can be used to quickly precure the coating to a tack free state, and the final cure will be accomplished by thermal energy. U.S. Pat. No. 6,514,574 discloses such a coating composition, which comprises epoxy silanes, silicate, silica, thermal catalyst, and effective amount of cationic photoinitiator. It is incorporated herein by reference.
[0029]In the case where it is difficult to obtain adequate coating adhesion, a primer layer may be applied onto the surface of the optical film before the application of the hard coating composition. The primer layer enhances the adhesion between the film substrate and the coating layer. A polyurethane or acrylic type of primer is preferred. U.S. Pat. No. 5,310,577 discloses a primer consisting of a thermosetting polyurethane in at least one organic solvent, with the polyurethane being formed from a blocked isocyanate, which requires the application of heat to disassociate the blocking agent from the polyurethane so that the isocyanate group can then react with the active hydrogen of the polyol to further polymerize and crosslink the primer coating. Another polyurethane primer is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,316,791, in which the primer consists of an aqueous polyurethane dispersion and is dried in air at ambient or elevated temperatures. The disclosures of the above U.S. patents are incorporated by reference herein.
[0030]The optical film can be made from any transparent thermoplastic resin material. It is preferably selected from a group consisting of aromatic polyesters (homopolymer, copolymer, or blending), polycarbonates, cyclo-olefin homopolymers and copolymers, polyacrylates, polysulfones, polyarylates, copolymers of styrene and acrylic esters, or blends of thermoplastic resins such as polyester and polycarbonate. It is more preferable that the resin material of the optical film is thermally fusible with the resin material of the optical article so that the film becomes a portion of the optical article without any boundary line. Thus, if the optical article is a polycarbonate ophthalmic lens, the optical film is preferably a polycarbonate film.
[0031]If the optical film is a composite functional plate, such as a polarizing laminate plate or a photochromic laminate plate consisting of multi-layers, it is preferred that at least the resin material of the side that is not going to be coated is thermally fusible with the resin material of the optical article to be molded.
[0032]While the thickness of an optical film is not particularly restricted, it is typically 2 mm or less, and preferably 1 mm or less but preferably not less than 0.025 mm.
[0033]Depending on the application of the optical article to be molded, a variety of transparent resin materials can be used for molding the article. In case that the optical article is an ophthalmic lens or a sport goggle plate, the resin material may be selected from a group consisting of (meth)acrylic resins, styrene-acrylate copolymers, polycarbonate resins, cyclo-olefin homopolymers and copolymers, polyurethanes, polyarylates, polysulfones, polyamides, polyimides, cellulose acetate butyrate; and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. Preferred materials are bisphenol-A polycarbonates such as Panlite® from Teijin, Lexan® from GE Plastics, and Makrolon® from Bayer Polymers.
[0034]According to one embodiment of the present invention, the manufacturing process for producing a molded, hard-coated plastic optical article may include: [0035]a) applying a hard coating on one side of an optical film to a desired thickness; [0036]b) precuring the hard coating to a tack free state; [0037]c) preparing the insert by punching out and pre-forming the optical film to the designed shape to fit with the desired products; [0038]d) placing the insert in the mold cavity of a molding machine, and injection molding the resin material against the insert with predetermined molding conditions; [0039]e) curing the hard coating completely on the molded optical article.
[0040]In Step a), a hard coating is applied to one surface of the optical film through one of the conventional methods known in the art. Theses methods include, but are not limited to, contact slot die coat, non-contact slot die coat, spray coat, flow coat, gravure/flxo coat, Meyer rod coat, dip coat, and spin coat. The optical film is usually supplied in rolls. Thus, coating application methods that are suitable for single-side web coating process are preferred due to economic concerns. These methods include slot die coat, spray coat, gravure/flexo coat, and flow coat.
[0041]The thickness of the hard coating as applied to the optical film can be selected within a broad range to meet the predetermined purpose or objective. It is typical for the final coating thickness to be from 2 to 10 microns, and preferably to be from 4 to 6 microns. The final coating thickness depends on many parameters. For a given coating solution, the coating thickness varies primarily with the coating application speed and the drying speed of the coated layer.
[0042]If a primer layer is needed to enhance the adhesion between the hard coating and the optical film substrate, it can be applied in the same way as the hard coating composition, although the desired primer layer is much thinner than the hard coating layer. The dry film thickness of the primer should be from about 0.1 microns to about 1.0 micron, preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.5 microns, most preferably from 0.1 to 0.25 microns.
[0043]In step b), the coated optical film is transferred into the drying/precuring area to dry and precure the coating to a tack free state. The precuring condition obviously will depend on the formulation of the hard coating composition, the coating thickness, the energy source, and the desired degree of precuring. Typically, the temperature of the area may be from 90° F. to 250° F. For a thermally curable coating, it is preferred to dry and precure it at about 140 to 200° F. for about 5 to about 60 minutes. If the hard coating composition allows precuring with UV radiation energy, it usually takes about 10 seconds to about 5 minutes.
[0044]At this step, the coating can also be partially cured to achieve some abrasion resistance, yet still maintain the flexibility to go through further processing.
[0045]In step c), after the precuring step, the coated optical film is cut into a shape that fits the surface of the optical article, which needs protection from abrasion and scratching. The cut can be made in a number of ways, including by rolling knife cutter, reciprocal stamping cutter, straight-edge cutting knife moved translationally along a cut-line, a rotary or swing die traversed along a line or by laser cutter.
[0046]The optical film cuts can be optionally formed into a shape that better fits the surface profile of the optical article. For instance, the cuts are formed into wafers of a given diopter if the optical article is an ophthalmic lens. The forming process may be optionally performed thermally with or without pressure or vacuum. It is convenient to utilize a platen having a forming surface that corresponds at least substantially or precisely to, the predetermined surface profile of the optical article to be molded. The temperature for forming will vary with the material of the transparent resin sheets. In general, the thermoforming temperature is close to but lower than the glass transition temperature of the film resin material. For example, a suitable forming temperature for the polycarbonate optical film will be from about 125° C. to 150° C. Often it will be beneficial to preheat the cut, for example, in the case of polycarbonate film, to a temperature from about 80° C. to 120° C. for 5 to 20 minutes. U.S. Pat. No. 5,434,707 describes a pressure assisted thermoforming process. U.S. Pat. No. 5,997,139 describes a vacuum assisted thermoforming process. Their disclosures are incorporated herein by reference.
[0047]According to the present invention, the optical film with precured hard coating on one surface is back-molded with the thermoplastic resin to make the optical article at Step d). Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, to mold a hard coated optical article 10 with the optical film 18 comprising the film base 14 and the hard coating 16 utilizing an insert injection molding process, the formed optical film 26 is placed in the mold cavity 28 with the coated side facing the interior wall of the mold half 30.
[0048]Once the formed optical film 26 has been placed into the mold cavity 28, the two mold halves 30 and 32 close and molten resin material 24 is injected through the runner 20 and gate 22 into the mold cavity 28 to back-mold on the uncoated side of the optical film. The combined action of high temperature from the molten resin and high pressure from the injection screw conforms the optical film cut 26 to the surface of the interior wall of the mold half, and fuses the optical film and the injected resin material together. After the resin melt is hardened, the desired optical article is obtained having an integrated uncured hard coating.
[0049]According to the last step of the process of the present invention, the optical article with a pre-cured hard coating layer is exposed to a proper energy source to fully cure the hard coating. For a thermally curable hard coating, the article is transferred into a convection oven. The cure of the coating is completed by heat curing at temperatures in the range of 150° F. to 400° F. for a period of from about 5 minutes to 18 hours. The dew point obviously plays an important role for curing a siloxane based coating. Preferably, the dew point is between 40° F. to 90° F., more preferably between 50° F. to 80° F.
[0050]An added advantage of using a thermally cured hard coating is realized at the final curing step. For most thermoplastic resin material, especially those having strong birefringence, injection molding will introduce significant amount of internal stress in the molded products. The temperature and duration of the final curing step thermally annealed the product to reduce the un-desirable internal stress and birefringence.
[0051]For optical articles, such as ophthalmic lenses, made from a thermoplastic resin such as polycarbonate, it is preferred to cure the hard coating at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin. For polycarbonate lenses, the proper curing temperature is between about 200° F. and 300° F.
[0052]Plastic optical articles are thus made with a hard coating integrated thereon. The post coating process is thereby eliminated.
[0053]The process of the present invention will now be illustrated in more detail by way of an example, which are for illustration purpose only and should not be construed as a limitation upon the scope of the invention in any way.
[0054]The abrasion resistance is expressed as the Bayer ratio, which shows the relative abrasion resistance of the test specimen as compared with a standard lens, which is commonly manufactured and used as a benchmark in the ophthalmic lens industry. Higher Bayer ratios indicate greater degrees of abrasion resistance. The Bayer ratio is determined by making percent haze measurements of a test specimen that is to be measured and an uncoated standard reference lens. The haze measurements of each are made both before and after the lenses are concurrently abraded in an oscillating sand abrader as in ASTM test method F 735-81. Uncoated CR-39® (poly[di(ethylene glycol) bis(allyl carbonate)]) lenses are used as the uncoated standard reference lenses. The abrader is oscillated for 300 cycles with 500 grams of aluminum zirconium oxide, ZF 152412 as supplied by Saint Gobain Industrial Ceramics, New Bond Street, PO Box 15137, Worcester, Mass. 01615. The haze is measured using a haze-guard plus haze meter from BYK Gardner. The Bayer ratio is expressed as:
Bayer ratio = final percent haze of standard - initial percent haze of standard final percent haze of specimen - initial percent haze of specimen ##EQU00001##
Example 1
[0055]A 0.3 mm thick polycarbonate film (Iupilon®, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc.) was punched into discs of 72 mm. One side of the discs was applied with three thermally-cure polysiloxane coatings (Table 1). The coating solutions have a solid level of 18% to 20% and viscosity from 3.5 to 4.5 cPs. Coating solution was used at 50° F. The solution was spin applied at the speed of 500 rpm to a resulting thickness of 3 to 3.5 microns.
[0056]After precuring the coating at 180° F. for 15 minutes, the discs were placed in the mold cavities of an injection molding machine with the coated side facing the mold wall maintained at 285° F. Polycarbonate melt at 600° F. was then injected into the cavity, against the uncoated side of the film. The polycarbonate resin was then cooled down under the hold and pack pressure of 1000 psi to form semi-finished single-vision lenses with a 6-diopter base curve. The molded lenses were then put in an oven at 265° F. for 3 hours to cure the hard coating completely. Visual inspection and Bayer testing were performed on these lenses.
[0057]No sign of cracking or crazing was observed in this batch of lenses. Bayer ratios for the lenses applied by different coating solutions are listed in table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Bayer ratio After Coating solutions Post-cure Tetraethoxy silane:3- 2.3 glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane = 1.5:1 amino propyl triethoxy silane:3- 1.8 glycido propyl trimethoxy silane = 0.6:1 amino propyl triethoxy silane:3- 2.2 glycido propyl trimethoxy silane = 1.2:1
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June 13, 2003 at 10:24 AM
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Andy King wants you to help spread the word about his new book, Speed Up Your Site. But this is no typical banner ad campaign, he's offering prizes for participating sites. Once a month he will draw a URL to win a free speed consult and a copy of his book. The tips and information from the speed consult alone proves to be invaluable for any Web site. So what are you waiting for?


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Sharp Decline in Antithyroid-Drug Embryopathy Seen After Alert »
"DENVER â" New data shed more light on the specific risks of congenital birth defects associated with the Graves' disease drug methimazole (MMI) and the timing of the teratogenic effects.
The results indicate that there were significant"...
Read the Sharp Decline in Antithyroid-Drug Embryopathy Seen After Alert article »
Importance of Proper Dose Titration to Prevent Hyperthyroidism or Incomplete Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine has a narrow therapeutic index. Regardless of the indication for use, careful dosage titration is necessary to avoid hyperthyroidism or incomplete treatment of hypothyroidism. These consequences include, among others, adverse effects on cardiovascular function, growth and development, bone metabolism, reproductive function, cognitive function, emotional state, gastrointestinal function, and on glucose and lipid metabolism. Periodic clinical and thyroid function monitoring is recommended [See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. In addition, many drugs interact with levothyroxine sodium necessitating adjustments in dosing to maintain therapeutic response [See DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Risk of Cardiac Adverse Reactions in the Elderly and in Patients with Underlying Cardiovascular Disease
In the elderly and in patients with cardiovascular disorders, levothyroxine therapy should be initiated at lower doses than those recommended in younger individuals or in patients without cardiac disease and it should be noted that unlike levothyroxine sodium tablets, TIROSINT capsules cannot be cut in half [See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and Use in Specific Populations]. If cardiac symptoms develop or worsen, the levothyroxine sodium dose should be reduced or withheld for one week and then cautiously restarted at a lower dose. Overtreatment with levothyroxine sodium may have adverse cardiovascular effects such as an increase in heart rate, cardiac wall thickness, and cardiac contractility and may precipitate angina or arrhythmias. Patients with coronary artery disease who are receiving levothyroxine therapy should be monitored closely during surgical procedures because of the possibility of precipitating cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation. Concomitant administration of levothyroxine and sympathomimetic agents to patients with coronary artery disease may precipitate coronary insufficiency [See DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Patients with Nontoxic Diffuse Goiter or Nodular Thyroid Disease
Suppression of thyroid nodules with levothyroxine is a controversial issue. Routine suppression of benign thyroid nodules is generally not recommended in iodine-sufficient patients. If the serum thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) is already suppressed, levothyroxine sodium should not be administered. If the serum TSH level is not suppressed, TIROSINT should not be used without frequent laboratory monitoring of thyroid function for evidence of hyperthyroidism and clinical monitoring for potential associated adverse cardiovascular signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Patients with Concomitant Adrenal Insufficiency
Occasionally, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis may occur in association with other autoimmune disorders such as adrenal insufficiency, pernicious anemia, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Patients with concomitant adrenal insufficiency should be treated with replacement glucocorticoids prior to initiation of treatment with levothyroxine sodium [See CONTRAINDICATIONS]. Failure to do so may precipitate an acute adrenal crisis when thyroid hormone therapy is initiated, due to increased metabolic clearance of glucocorticoids by thyroid hormone.
Thyroid Hormone Over-replacement Associated with Decreased Bone Mineral Density
Over-replacement with levothyroxine therapy has been associated with decreased bone mineral density, especially in post-menopausal women. The increased bone resorption may be associated with increased serum levels and urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorous, elevations in bone alkaline phosphatase, and suppressed serum parathyroid hormone levels. Therefore, it is recommended that patients receiving levothyroxine sodium be given the minimum dose necessary to achieve the desired clinical and biochemical response, unless TSH suppression is the goal of therapy, as in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer.
Nonclinical Toxicology
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility of Levothyroxine Sodium.
Use In Specific Populations
Pregnancy category A. Levothyroxine should not be discontinued during pregnancy and hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy should be promptly treated. Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with a higher rate of complications, including spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth, and premature delivery. Maternal hypothyroidism may have an adverse effect on fetal and childhood growth and development.
During pregnancy, serum thyroxine (T4) levels may decrease and serum thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increase to values outside the normal range. Since elevations in serum TSH may occur as early as 4 weeks gestation, pregnant women taking TIROSINT should have their TSH measured during each trimester. An elevated serum TSH level should be corrected by an increase in the dose of TIROSINT. Since postpartum TSH levels are similar to preconception values, the TIROSINT dosage should return to the pre-pregnancy dose immediately after delivery. A serum TSH level should be obtained 6-8 weeks postpartum.
Thyroid hormones cross the placental barrier to some extent as evidenced by levels in cord blood of athyreotic fetuses being approximately one-third maternal levels. Transfer of thyroid hormone from the mother to the fetus, however, may not be adequate to prevent in utero hypothyroidism.
Nursing Mothers
Thyroid hormones are excreted only minimally in human milk. Adequate replacement doses of levothyroxine are generally needed to maintain normal lactation.
Pediatric Use
The goal of treatment in pediatric patients with hypothyroidism is to achieve and maintain normal intellectual and physical growth and development.
The initial dose of levothyroxine varies with age and body weight [See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Dosing adjustments are based on an assessment of the individual patient's clinical and laboratory parameters [See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
In children in whom a diagnosis of permanent hypothyroidism has not been established, it is recommended that at an appropriate age levothyroxine be discontinued for a trial period. Serum T4 and TSH levels should be obtained at the end of the trial period, and laboratory test results and clinical assessments should then guide diagnosis and treatment, if warranted.
Rapid restoration of normal serum T4 concentrations is essential for preventing the adverse effects of congenital hypothyroidism on intellectual development as well as on overall physical growth and maturation. Therefore, levothyroxine therapy should be initiated immediately upon diagnosis and is generally continued for life.
The patient should be monitored closely to avoid undertreatment and overtreatment. Undertreatment may result in poor school performance due to impaired concentration and slowed mentation and in reduced adult height. Overtreatment may accelerate the bone age and result in premature epiphyseal closure and compromised adult stature.
Treated children may manifest a period of catch-up growth, which may be adequate in some cases to normalize adult height. In children with severe or prolonged hypothyroidism, catch-up growth may not be adequate to normalize adult height.
Geriatric Use
Because of the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease among the elderly, levothyroxine therapy should not be initiated at the full replacement dose. Atrial fibrillation is a common side effect associated with levothyroxine treatment in the elderly [See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Last reviewed on RxList: 10/27/2016
Tirosint FDA Prescribing Information
Additional Tirosint Information
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
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I fell in love with this little town of Ojai 12 years ago when I needed to get out of the city. I had lived in Los Angels for 15 years and had a 9 year-old daughter that I felt needed to finish growing up in a small town. I had grown up in small towns in Texas and knew the benefits.
I have been in the landscaping business for 35 years and found this piece of property that had views to die for. It was absolutely the perfect canvas to build my dream home and never run out of space to create rooms of gardens.
Offering breathtaking views that afford the luxury and serenity of a Tuscan holiday. Steps from hiking trails and horseback riding. Beautiful citrus and fruit tree orchards.
So private that you feel in complete seclusion from the outside world.


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The Artist as Prophet
Ann Coulter May Be Joking, but What She Says Is Far From Funny
Donald Trump's Meaner America
Senate Republicans Are Screwed on Trumpcare, and They Know It
Crazy Stuff
Peter Brooks $20.66
Richard Ellis, John McCosker 29.00
At this rate, we won't have any allies soon.
The chancellor pointed out that despite the influx of about 1 million migrants and refugees in the past year, radicalism predated the rise of Islamic State and the current refugee crisis.
"To exclude groups of people because of their faith, this isn't worthy of the free state in which we live. It isn't compatible with our essential values. And it's humanly reprehensible. Xenophobia, racism, extremism have no place here," said German Chancellor Angela Merkel at a recent rally in Berlin.
Pavel Constantin, Cagle Cartoons, Romania
Scientists have discovered that radiation from cellphones has affected the way our brains have evolved to function; newsrooms all over the country are downsizing and becoming digital in the process; meanwhile, Germany denies Edward Snowden asylum yet again, but this time wants to find a way to question him. These discoveries and more after the jump.
. SantiMB . (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
Spanish newspaper El Mundo reports that Spain's intelligence agency collaborated with the NSA to track the phone calls of millions of Spaniards. And Spain's not the only country that's been caught red-handed. It appears the U.S. isn't alone in its obsession with spying on its own inhabitants.
Steve Sack, Cagle Cartoons, The Minneapolis Star Tribune
Tom Janssen, Cagle Cartoons, The Netherlands
Olle Johansson, Cagle Cartoons, Sweden
Luojie, Cagle Cartoons, China Daily, China
Kap, Cagle Cartoons, Spain
Martin Sutovec, Cagle Cartoons, Slovakia
Christo Komarnitski, Cagle Cartoons, Bulgaria
Christo Komarnitski, Cagle Cartoons, Bulgaria
Images_of_Money (CC BY-SA 2.0)
European leaders are drawing up a solution to the EU's fiscal crisis that would hand sovereignty over the budgets and fiscal policies of eurozone states to Germany in return for the pooling of national debt and banking liabilities. Brussels, France, Spain and Germany all support a federalized eurozone.
Freedom of the press is threatened every day in Mexico as journalists are tortured and killed; Obama's support of gay marriage distracts the public from the impunities in Afghanistan; press freedom is also under attack in the U.S. as journalists are arrested for protesting. These discoveries and more after the jump.
"When you have high unemployment and a lot of underutilized capacity, the idea is you cut public budgets? That's insane. Because that leads to a shrinking of the entire economy, when the real problem is … the ratio of debt to the size of the economy overall," says the former Labor secretary. "If you shrink the economy, that ratio becomes worse and worse."
AP / Geert Vanden Wijngaert
At the close of an economic summit that appears to have failed to rescue Italy, Spain and more of Europe from sinking deeper into a mire of recession, Guardian economics editor Larry Elliott prefigures the collapse of the euro as a unifying currency of the European Union. (more)
Manny Francisco, Cagle Cartoons, Manila, The Phillippines
Deng Coy Miel, Cagle Cartoons, Singapore
IsraelMFA (CC-BY)
In the same week that Presidents Obama and Sarkozy accidentally "outed" Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as a liar in front of a crowd of senior French journalists, WikiLeaks released a diplomatic cable showing Netanyahu feared being held responsible for his role in inciting the 1995 assassination of left-wing Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.
Flickr / World Economic Forum
German lawmakers voted to shut down all 17 of the country's nuclear reactors over the next 11 years and pursue a renewable energy portfolio that would account for one-third of its energy resources. (more)
German Chancellor Angela Merkel has reportedly strongly rebuked Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a telephone call between the two leaders, claiming that Netanyahu "hasn't made a single step to advance peace."
AP / Clemens Bilan
Maybe she sipped a bit too much during Oktoberfest, but German Chancellor Angela Merkel has stumbled to the right after she claimed that multiculturalism has "utterly failed," stirring the proverbial cultural melting pot to suggest that immigrants have not effectively integrated into German society.
Flickr / Council of Europe
The German Parliament has approved a series of measures allowing the country to provide up to $184 billion in loan guarantees in a package aimed at stabilizing the euro and helping support those European nations that are mired in debt.
Wikimedia Commons
Angela Merkel has reason to make the Bush-back-rub face: Her ruling coalition just suffered a major loss in a regional election with national implications. The Green Party, the Left Party and, by extension, the Social Democrats were all big winners.
Today's European crisis was precipitated by Greece acting with possibly reckless honesty, and Germany behaving badly.
U.S. Marine Corps / Sgt. Pete Thibodeau
As President Barack Obama considers whether to send more American forces to fight in Afghanistan, it's looking as if European countries are unlikely to commit more of their own troops to the cause, according to European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso.
German election exit polls are showing that reigning Chancellor Angela Merkel is headed for a second term, with her conservative bloc collecting more than a third of the national vote.
President Obama's NATO allies may have responded favorably to his call to ramp up the war effort in Afghanistan, but anti-war demonstrators near the French-German border made their opinions known with protests following the photo ops in Strasbourg, France, on Saturday.
AP photo / Alessandra Tarantino
Now a lot of folk will go along with the line that the Holy Father is so stupid—so utterly out of touch with Planet Earth—that he has no idea how disastrously his actions are received. Hmmm. Well, I wonder.
If you thought the United States' $700-billion bailout would quell the global financial crisis, think again. The German parliament just approved a $675-billion bailout of Germany's financial markets, a plan that is part of a coordinated European response to volatile global and regional markets.
European leaders decided against a joint bailout of the Continent's financial system, but that hasn't stopped individual governments from trying to save failing and financially shaky institutions. The German government, which has been highly critical of U.S. economic mismanagement, just backed a $68-billion deal to save one of its biggest banks.
Leaders from France, Italy, Great Britain and Germany are planning to meet on Saturday in preparation for a European finance summit to be held in Washington next week. French President Nicolas Sarkozy, who shot down reports on Thursday that France was proposing a hefty European bailout package, invited the other three heads of state to the pre-summit huddle in Paris.
Flickr / world economic forum
German Chancellor Angela Merkel is furious with the United States for roiling the world economy and expecting Europe to help clean up the mess. "We did what we were supposed to do. ... We adopted a decent EU regulation ... but when it came to it, the Americans said 'that's not for us.' "
German Chancellor Angela Merkel is scheduled to speak before the Israeli Knesset to underscore her country's strong ties with Israel, but at least one aspect of her visit is already causing controversy. Merkel will address the Israeli parliament in German.
Rainer Hachfeld, Neues Deutschland, Germany
As Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf faces an ongoing crisis in his volatile country, President Bush and members of his inner circle are signaling their overall support of Musharraf while criticizing some of his choices in recent days. Meanwhile, Musharraf's apparent alliance with Benazir Bhutto has sparked concern among those skeptical of her motives and leadership abilities.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel has reached a compromise with George W. Bush over climate change. The G-8 nations will work toward a replacement for the Kyoto treaty and a 50 percent cut in emissions by the year 2050. But in a concession to Bush, the goals will be nonbinding.
The home turf of Chancellor Angela Merkel will probably become the second region in Germany to elect skinheads to the national legislature. Read the whole article to get the story on how neo-Nazis have found success in infiltrating German society. (h/t: Huff Po)
Angela Merkel, Germanys chancellor and beloved podcaster, overtook Condoleezza Rice as the world's most powerful woman, according to Forbes magazine. The No. 3 spot was filled by ChinaҒs vice premier, Wu Yi, also known as the Iron Lady.Ӕ How did someone known as the Iron LadyӔ lose out to Angela Merkel?
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Psych - Season 2 Episodes
Psych - Season 2
Psych returns for its second season! The premiere episode "American Duos" guest stars Tim Curry and Gina Gershon, and is directed by John Landis. When the latest incarnation of American Idol rip-off shows sets up shop at the Arlington Theatre, the requisite cruel British judge finds himself in a panic after a series of near-miss attempts on his life.
"American Duos"
When the latest incarnation of American Idol rip-off shows sets up shop at the Arlington Theatre, the requisite cruel British judge finds himself in a panic after a series of near-miss attempts on his life. Police protection has been barely sufficient and now he's taking matters into his own hands to ward of his inevitable attacker, hiring Santa Barbara's most reliable psychic detective to protect him.
"65 Million Years Off"
Shawn finds himself alone out on a limb when he contends that a dead man who washes ashore was killed in a manner that misses the agreed death timeline- by approximately sixty five million years.
"Psy vs. Psy"
Following the trail of a counterfeiter, the "Feds" show up in Santa Barbara with their own version of Lassiter and their very own "Shawn," spawning a rivalry and causing our cast to ban together for the first time to save the integrity of the department and prove who has the better psychic.
"Zero to Murder in Sixty Seconds"
After Lassiter's car gets stolen from in front of the police station, Shawn solves the case in record time. But he soon realizes that, even with his considerable talents, nothing's ever that easy, and must then drag Gus away from his vacation to further investigate a case he's already solved.
"And Down the Stretch Comes Murder"
Shawn and Gus' childhood bully, jockey Jimmy Nickels, comes back into their lives when he hires them to find out why his horses keep losing. But a simple horse whispering assignment turns deadly when a rival jockey dies on his horse in the middle of a race.
"Meat Is Murder, but Murder Is Also Murder"
Shawn and Gus investigate the tasty world of gourmet cuisine when a restaurant critic is murdered. Meanwhile, a misunderstanding with Gus' Uncle Burton forces Gus to play the part of psychic detective.
"If You're So Smart, Then Why Are You Dead?"
When a couple of genius teenagers claims one of their teachers is a murderer, Shawn and Gus become guest lecturers at a prodigy school and soon discover the kids' imaginations might not be so wild after all.
"Rob-a-Bye Baby"
A Santa Barbara burglar is hitting people's homes in the middle of the day.
"Bounty Hunters!"
When an accused murderer goes on the lam, Shawn and Gus play bounty hunter, racing MIDNIGHT RUN-style to bring him in before the cops and a real bounty hunter get him first. However, the plot thickens when Shawn realizes the guy is innocent.
"Gus' Dad May Have Killed an Old Guy"
When Shawn and Henry are invited to have Christmas dinner with Gus' parents, the yuletide cheer is interrupted by... murder. A neighbor is found dead and all the evidence points to Gus' dad as the culprit. Can Shawn and Gus work their usual magic when the case is so personal?
"There's Something About Mira"
When a groom disappears the day of the wedding, Shawn becomes determined to prove he's not everything he claimed to be for his new client, the last person on earth he'd ever expect to take a case from – Gus' wife.
"The Old and the Restless"
A missing persons case from a posh retirement community turns into a family affair when Shawn and Gus must team up with Henry to solve the case.
"Lights, Camera...Homicidio"
On the set of Santa Barbara's most popular Spanish soap opera, life imitates art when a fictional murder turns real, making everyone involved a suspect. Shawn solves the crime from the inside while inadvertently becoming one of the show's stars.
Shawn and Gus discover there's more to a local brotherhood than funny hats and handshakes when their incoming leader is found dead after a secret ceremony at the lodge.
"Black and Tan: A Crime of Fashion"
It's Fashion Week in Santa Barbara, and all around town it's models, parties, and death by electrocution. Shawn and Gus go undercover as male models to investigate the murder of a prominent designer.
"Shawn (and Gus) of the Dead"
Shawn is called to the Natural History Museum when a mummy goes missing and all indications are that it got up and walked out on its own.


text:
Sat, Dec 31 2016. 12 47 AM
At 29.2 million hectares, the area sown with wheat is 2% more than what is usually sown by this time of the year and 7.7% more than last year
Wed, Sep 21 2016. 06 57 PM
The Uri attack investigators are not ruling out 'insider help' to the terrorists in view of the precise nature of the actions undertaken by the intruders once inside the army base
Sat, Nov 17 2012. 01 06 PM
Indefinite curfew imposed in Kokrajhar district; army troops join paramilitary, police officers in patrolling region
Thu, Jan 01 2009. 10 48 PM
Serial blasts kill 5, injure 26 in Assam
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As the climate warms, moss growth dramatically spreads on the continent's peninsula.
Oldest Homo Remains Yet Found
March 4, 2015|
A newly discovered 2.8 million-year-old jawbone is thought to be that of a direct human ancestor.
Covering the life sciences inside and out
March 4, 2015|
A newly discovered 2.8 million-year-old jawbone is thought to be that of a direct human ancestor.
February 26, 2015|
Strong selective pressure can lead to rapid and reproducible evolution in bacteria.
February 19, 2015|
Researchers uncover a previously unknown way UV light can act on melanin, spurring cancer-causing mutations hours after sun exposure.
February 4, 2015|
Genetically modified T memory stem cells persist in patients for more than 10 years, and can differentiate into a variety of T cell types.
January 29, 2015|
A mass migration of mobile regulatory elements increased the expression of thousands of genes in the uterus during the evolution of pregnancy.
January 29, 2015|
Scientists have determined the crystal structures of bacterial translocator proteins, but their functions remain unclear.
January 29, 2015|
An artist takes advantage of muscle-mimicking polymers to manipulate sounds.
January 21, 2015|
Scientists find that the hormone improves sociability in a mouse model of autism.
January 19, 2015|
Genomic analysis of a multidrug-resistant lineage pinpoints historical correlations with human events.
January 15, 2015|
Experimental vaccines that specifically boost T helper cells lead to immunopathology and death in mice.


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115 W PERSIMMON LN Garden City, UT 84028
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and I have a question about 115 W PERSIMMON LN Garden City
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Estimated Monthly Payment$5,051
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Utilities Gas: Not Available,Power: Available,Power: Not Connected,Sewer: Available,Sewer: Not Connected, Culinary Water Culinary Available,Not Connected, Taxes 354
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Acreage: 0.3700 Acres
Lot: Terrain: Grad Slope, View: Lake, View: Mountain, View: Valley
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School District: Rich
Information deemed reliable but not guaranteed accurate. Buyer to verify all information.The multiple listing information is provided by Wasatch Front Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. from a copyrighted compilation of listings. The compilation of listings and each individual listing are © 2014 Wasatch Front Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc., All Rights Reserved. The information provided is for consumers, personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.


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Plus, the report claims that Tom didn't give Katie a lump sum of money during the divorce settlement. Read on for more details!
Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes have settled their divorce, and even though details remain confidential — a new report claims Suri Cruise is the only one to benefit financially from the split.
TMZ reports that Tom didn't give a "lump sum" during the settlement and that reports claiming Katie received $50 million are "ridiculous."
But the report says that Tom, 50, will pay "over $10 million" in child support. Katie, 33, reportedly has sole custody of their six-year-old daughter.
What do YOU think, HollywoodLifers? Are you shocked to hear that Katie didn't receive a lump sum? Weigh in below.
More Tom & Katie News:
- Katie Holmes Trying To Give Suri A Normal Life After Divorce
- Katie Holmes Is Still In Love With Tom Cruise
- The Creepy Ways Tom Cruise Controlled Katie Holmes
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El Paso Deputy City Manager on leave is candidate for Des Moines top position
EL PASO, Texas - El Paso Deputy City Manager Jane Shang, who is now on administrative leave, is a candidate for the top position in Des Moines, Iowa.
According to the Des Moines Register, Shang is one of four candidates considered for the city manager position. The previous city manager, Rick Clark, retired in May after 41 years as a city employee, the newspaper reported.
Des Moines, the capital of the Hawkeye State, has nearly 600,000 residents.
Shang, who is still listed as deputy city manager in El Paso, was placed on administrative leave through the end of the year. City officials won't disclose why, saying only it is a "personnel matter."
According to an investigation by our news partners at El Paso Inc., Shang went on a European vacation at the end of April and returned to find out outgoing city manager Joyce Wilson had placed her on leave with pay through December. After that, Shang is expected to exhaust her vacation, which would take her to April 2015.
Shang's annual salary is $175,000, the Inc. Reported.
As deputy city manager of the city's Mobility Portfolio in El Paso, Shang oversees the departments of transportation, international bridges, mass transit, engineering & construction management, general services and coordinates with the Public Service Board.
Here's the bio provided by the city of Des Moines:
Jane Shang
Ms. Shang is currently Deputy City Manager of El Paso, TX (population: 700,000), a position that she has held since 2008. Prior to that, she served as Director of Engineering and Development for the Hillsborough Area Rapid Transit Authority in Tampa, FL and prior to that as a Manager at Logan Airport in Boston, MA. Ms. Shang possesses 25 years of directly related experience in public sector positions in
Texas, Florida and Massachusetts. Ms. Shang possesses a Juris Doctorate degree from the Suffolk University School of Law in Boston, MA and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Organizational Behavior and Business from Brown University in Providence, RI.
Ms. Shang has considerable experience in public sector law; budgeting; human resources; customer service; building maintenance; bus operations; engineering and construction; international bridges and trade development; parks management; streets and roadways; traffic management; economic development; finance; project planning and implementation; service delivery; and construction. She currently manages a city staff of seven direct reports, including department directors (in a city with 6,500 employees) and she currently manages a total annual operating budget of $160M and a capital budget of $1B.
References for Ms. Shang cite some of her strengths as very knowledgeable about city procedures; tenacious; solid background in budgets and human resources; good speaker; very effective in small groups; and a very good writer. Other attributes include her ability to deal well with internal stress; high integrity; much experience with transportation and public works; and her track record of using transportation as a development tool in a border city with tough politics.
Ms. Shang is a 2013 graduate of Leadership Texas and she has received outstanding performance awards from MASSPORT and from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. She was also admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1985.
The other Des Moines city manager candidates include the deputy city manager from Dayton, Ohio and city managers from suburbs of Chicago (Elgin) and Kansas City (Lee's Summit).
The City Council will conduct interviews with them July 8-9.


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Joe-and-jill's Traveler Profile
About Joe-and-jill
- Profession
- Two unemployed wanderers
- Favourite music
- Only hard-core death metal...and if it's been a rough day, maybe some Justin Bieber
- Favourite movie
- The Shawshank Redemption (both), The Godfather (Joe), The Secret of Nimh (Jill)
- Languages
- English, very bad French & embarassing Italian
- Favourite quote
- "Not all those who wander are lost" (well, except for Joe, who's probably just lost)
- Interests and hobbies
- Sports, chillin, and having beverages in the sun
- Favourite book
- Right now we find ourselves engulfed in a series of Lonely Planets
- My friends describe me as
- Lucky for going on this trip.....and crazy for going on this trip
Recent Entries by Joe-and-jill
A Drama Queen of Biblical Proportions - Jun 19, 2011
Days 248 to 250 Arriving into Madaba on Sunday afternoon on our cab ride from Amman, we pull up to our hotel and think: "Yeah, that's better. Looks like a nice little upgrade!". Exhausted from t...
On the Path to Ruins - Jun 17, 2011
Days 246 to 248 Today's the day we leave Turkey and take our first real look at the Middle East as we head to Jordan. We had to get to Istanbul first to catch our flight, so we were up uncomfort...
This Greek Salad is All Green to Me - Jun 14, 2011
Days 243 to 245 On our way to our final stop on our Turkish tour, our bus finally arrives in the city of Kusadasi at about 9PM, where someone from our hotel is meeting us. After standing on the...


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The Hogwarts March
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"The Hogwarts March" was a musical piece performed by the Hogwarts orchestra, conducted by Professor Filius Flitwick, as pre-Task entertainment during the Triwizard Tournament in the 1994-1995 school year.
Behind the scenes
- Members of the Frog Choir perform this piece at The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. They have most notably done so in the theme park's grand opening, where they were (mock) conducted by Warwick Davis.


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Spotlight On Elderlaw
It is very important to have the house you plan to purchase inspected, and do it BEFORE you sign any contract. To begin with, the purchase of a home will be the largest asset most of us will buy in our lifetimes. Additionally, you may be borrowing a large sum of money from a lender, with interest paid on the loan. This loan, also known as a mortgage, will be due and owing, regardless of whether the home you purchase has unnoticed problems once you take possession.
Where the purchase of a home is concerned, keep in mind the expression "caveat emptor" or "let the buyer beware." It is settled law in the State of New York that the seller of real property is under no duty to speak when the parties deal at arm's length. The mere silence of a seller, without some conduct or act which deceived the purchaser, does not amount to a concealment that is actionable as a fraud. Finally, the law is clear that the buyer has the duty to satisfy himself as to the quality of his bargain.
In order to assist buyers in a remedy to a lack of duty to disclose problems by the sellers, Real Property Article 14 section 462 (effective March 1, 2002) states that "every seller of residential property ...shall complete and sign a property condition disclosure statement... delivered to buyer prior to buyer signing a binding contract of sale." That sounds like a solution to the lack of disclosure due the buyer. Unfortunately, the remedy within the statute, known as "opting-out," provides that if a seller fails to deliver such a disclosure statement, that seller must credit the buyer with $500 against the agreed-upon sales price. As attorneys, we have never sat at a closing representing either buyer or seller where the opt-out payment has not been made. So, "caveat emptor." Yes, you should have a licensed engineer or inspector check the property thoroughly. The written report provided to you, prior to signing of the sales contract, will shed light on any major and minor issues with the house and can be used to:
still wants to make this purchase;
estimated costs for those repairs;
use to further negotiate the sales
and maintenance you may
want to continue with once you own
the property and;
inspection failed to identify an issue with the property that could have been identified by another inspector, according to the standards of the
Just a few other thoughts to ponder when purchasing a home:
Get your attorney involved as early as possible in the process. This makes for much smoother sailing down the road when the parties have agreed to things that their attorney may have advised against. Be an "educated consumer." Know the value of other similar properties recently sold in that area to be sure you are not overpaying for the property, and be familiar with zoning laws and property use rules.
We can be reached at (718) 945-7777.


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Jeanne has been the head volleyball coach at Kalamazoo College since 1984. She ranks in the top 30 all-time among NCAA Division III coaches, earning her 500th career victory in 2011. Jeanne has also been named the Midwest Region Coach of the Year in 1990 and 1991.
Hess received her Bachelor's degree from Michigan in 1980, where she played varsity volleyball for four seasons (1976-79). She earned a Master's degree in exercise science from Western Michigan University in 1985 and was inducted into WMU's Alumni Honor Academy for Health, Physical Education and Recreation in April 2010.
In addition to coaching volleyball, Hess serves as professor in and chair of the Department of Physical Education and is also the director of the Kalamazoo College Athletic Fund. She has served as an assistant in both the women's basketball (1991-95) and softball (1996-2001) programs as well as serving as associate chaplain from 2001-2008.
Hess and her husband, Jim, reside in Kalamazoo. They have two sons, Andrew and Kevan. Andrew played baseball and earned his B.A. at the University of Michigan and was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in 2007. Kevan played baseball at Western Michigan University and was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in 2009.


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ALP poll predicts narrow victory
Page Tools
The coming election - which Government MPs believe John Howard is set to call for September 18 - is shaping up as the closest in decades, with ALP research showing the Opposition ahead of the Coalition in 10 marginal seats.
If the confidential research is correct, and if it holds through to election day, Labor would win enough seats to wrest power from the Coalition, but not enough to govern in its own right without the support of independents.
The research also reveals voters increasingly see the Government as "slippery" or loose with the truth, Labor insiders said.
The Opposition Leader, Mark Latham, put his troops on election alert in a rousing party-room speech yesterday. He told them comprehensive private polling in marginal seats showed the contest was there to be won and would depend on the election campaign.
"The party that wins the campaign, wins the election," he said.
Speculation that Mr Howard will call the election this weekend intensified within Government ranks after he also delivered a party-room speech, which many saw as a signal Parliament would not meet again this term.
"I wish you all the best and I will see you sometime in the future," Mr Howard told the MPs.
With this session of sittings ending on Thursday night ahead of a two-week break, his remarks were interpreted as suggesting he would move as early as Friday, or possibly Sunday, to call a poll for September 18.
In a move designed to clear the decks for an imminent election campaign, the Government is trying to end the impasse in negotiations over East Timor's maritime boundaries and claims to a greater share of oil revenue.
The Foreign Minister, Alexander Downer, will have a meeting with East Timor's Foreign Minister, Jose Ramos Horta, in Canberra today, in an attempt to reach a settlement before the poll.
At issue is East Timor's claim, disputed by Australia, that under international law the permanent seabed boundary should be set by a half-way median line between the two countries. This would result in East Timor's revenue from gas and oil reserves in the Timor Sea increasing by three times its current rate.
The other main outstanding issue to be cleared before the election is the free trade agreement with the US.
Late yesterday Mr Howard took the unusual step of calling a face-to-face meeting with Mr Latham to settle "technical" issues over the legislation underpinning the trade agreement, which both sides want passed before the election.
At the 15-minute meeting, Mr Howard raised three or four concerns about "technical aspects and implications" in Labor's proposed amendments for tougher penalties against drug companies using spurious grounds to block the sale of cheaper, generic products.
The Government is understood to have told Labor its reservations did not reflect substantial legal problems. Labor is seeking advice from its lawyers and is expected to respond to the Government today.
ALP research shows Queensland is the party's best state. It is ahead in six Coalition-held marginal seats, including four in Brisbane. Although Liberal polling confirms a strong swing to Labor, party sources believe some of the support could move back to the Coalition.
Labor is not doing well in Sydney, say ALP insiders, although it could pick up two seats in regional NSW. Liberal polling also shows Sydney electorates have not shifted to Labor.


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The Open Data Protocol (OData) is a web protocol for querying and updating data. Odata provides developers with a way to unlock data and free it from silos that exist in applications today.
OData is consistent with the way the web works, including URIs for resource identification and an HTTP-based REST-ful interface for interacting with those resources (just like the world wide web). Because of this commitment to core web principles, OData enables a new level of data integration and interoperability across a broad range of clients, servers, services, and tools. OData uses standards such as HTTP, AtomPub, and JSON, and supports standard HTTP verbs as well as REST-based querying and URIs for resource identifiers.
Based on overwhelming feedback from the community, Microsoft announced in May 2012 that they, along with SAP AG, IBM, Citrix, Progress Software and WSO2, would propose an OData TC (Technical Committee) in OASIS. The OASIS OData Technical Committee had its first face-to-face meeting in July 2012, and is now working toward publication of an OASIS OData standard, which will further accelerate industry adoption.
OData is being used to expose and access information from a variety of sources, including but not limited to relational databases, file systems, content management systems, and traditional web sites.
Windows Azure offers a growing number of OData-based APIs that enable data portability, functional interoperability, and management interoperability. Examples include:
The OData ecosystem is rapidly growing, with new data source (producers) and tools (consumers) appearing regularly. A good summary of the state of the OData ecosystem in May 2012 can be found in Chris Woodruff's post "The Great Ecosystem of the Open Data Protocol (OData)."
In addition to Windows Azure's support for OData, many other Microsoft products support OData, including consumers such as Microsoft Excel (via the free PowerPivot add-in) as well as OData producers such as Microsoft SharePoint, Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services, and Microsoft Dynamics CRM.
For additional services that expose their data and applications that consume data exposed using the OData protocol, see the following list of adopters:


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Town Square
Residents want lower speed limits in Woodside Glens
Original post made on Nov 9, 2012
Read the full story here Web Link posted Friday, November 9, 2012, 11:21 AM
a resident of Woodside: Woodside Glens
on Nov 9, 2012 at 12:07 pm
They should really lower the speed, or better yet, add another stop sign to Canada Road. Cars are clocked driving 65 miles an hour there in the morning and evening. Its not safe for kids to bicycle to or from school.
a resident of Woodside: Woodside Glens
on Nov 9, 2012 at 2:15 pm
Putting a "Single-lane ahead" sign as the road narrows (near the big tree) on the way into the Glens would be more appropriate than the signs current position....in the exit direction ! Adding a "No Outlet" sign near the entrance would deter unnecessary motorists and cyclists looking to get across Hwy 280.
a resident of another community
on Nov 12, 2012 at 7:36 am
Randomly spaced flat top speed bumps have worked wonders in our neighborhood.
Folks(mostly neighbors) speeding in residential zones will not slow down until the potential of doing harm to their own vehicle comes into the picture.


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Rooting to 1975 is the beginning of Eskay when our founder and CEO Mr. Suresh K. Turakhia arrived in Mumbai to begin his career as an Entrepreneur. Ranging from Oil to Diamonds Construction to Entertainment with experience in a fast growing economy Eskay defined its core business based on its competencies and the vision of Mr. Turakhia in the construction industry.
As a step up in vertical integration based on the concerns of quality cost and supply time Mr. Turakhia established Eskay elevators in 1994. The turn of the century brought a lot to look forward to as ESKAY strived in its pursuit of delivering a quality product maximizing customer satisfaction in every possible way. With a 3 acre layout and manufacturing capacity of 1000 elevators just on the outskirts of Mumbai we are ideally located at Wada Thane.
Each unit manufactured under strict quality standards at ESKAY goes through rigorous testing to ensure that nothing but a perfect product is delivered to our customers. Continual improvisational change at our R D facility ensures technology renewal at par with the international market and delivery of a top of the line product tailored to the minutest detail to meet the requirements of our customer.
Total Q he launch of a whole new line of products to include escalators walkways and car parking systems 2007 has begun very well for ESKAY. Our vision for 2007 08 is to begin the export of our exclusively designed home elevator line to the USA with a base in San Francisco CA and develop similar relationships and enter in to some of the fastest growing markets in Central and South America.
Not only elevators but also a part of Eskay is ESKAY Resorts making us proud owners of the only Glass Pyramid with 75' central height and 120' diagonal height in Asia Pacific. Eskay Resort is a 7 acre resort in the heart of Mumbai that focuses on health and rejuvenation through state of the art facility.
|Business Type
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Manufacturers of all Types of Elevators Repairs Maintenance of Elevators. Rt facility.
Some of the Products are
Telescopic Lift
Mirror And Matt Finish Cabin
Coloured Etched Designer Door
Can Based Control Panel Glass Cabin
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Hydraulic Piston
Glass Door In Stainless Steel Frame
Elevator Traction Machine
Heavy Duty Escalators
Durable Escalators
Imperforated Door
Car Landing Panels
Off Linking Road Borivali West Opposite Yogi Nagar Near Datta Mandir
Mumbai, 400091 (Maharashtra) - (India)
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Make in India


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Sceptre X322BV-HDR Energy Efficient 32-inch LED HDTV Announced
Elegant brush pattern design and superb performance delivers an enjoyable home entertainment experience
Sceptre, superior manufacturers of world class LED/LCD HDTVs and PC displays, unveils their energy efficient 32-inch LED HDTV designed to provide superb image quality and long term energy savings.
Sceptre's new X322BV-HDR features an ultra slim brush pattern bezel design that perfectly complements the jet black trim and is capable of displaying brighter and more robust colors through a variety of features including a 5,000:1 contrast ratio, 3D Comb Filter and more. The unit also comes equipped with the bells and whistles of more expensive HDTVs, including 5.1 digital audio output capabilities, multiple HDMI and a USB port for easy connectivity and the ability to be wall-mounted or used as a computer monitor.
"We design our HDTVs to meet the evolving consumer needs and the new 32-inch LED HDTV embodies our pursuit of providing quality entertainment products that delivers long term savings," stated Cathy Chou, vice president of operations, Sceptre. "Our newest LED HDTV is one of the most energy efficient in the market but doesn't sacrifice performance or aesthetics."
The X322BV-HDR is Energy Star V6.0 compliant with an estimated energy cost of only $8.60 a year. In addition, it has a rated lamp life of over 50,000 hours or more than 5 years of nonstop usage, resulting in significant long term energy savings.
The X322BV-HDR is currently available at Walmart, Amazon, NewEgg, Costco, Sears, QVC and Kmart for $299.99 MSRP. For more information or product images on this or the entire Sceptre product line, contact PR representative Pedro Chen at 305-374-4404 x139 or [email protected]
Product Specifications
About Sceptre
Headquartered in City of Industry, California, the hub of the computer industry, Sceptre is an internationally certified manufacturer of world class LCD and LED flat panel monitors. Established in 1984, Sceptre is fully committed to maintaining its status as a leader in the industry by providing the latest advanced technology in LCD and LED displays at affordable prices with tailored service programs. For more information, please visit www.sceptre.com.


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Six eggs, ham, a half-eaten pavlova, orange juice, an iceberg lettuce, a tub of hummus and four large dessert spoons. They say you can tell a lot about a person from what's in their fridge - though the presence of cutlery in mine may leave you baffled. Cold spoons work wonders for the dark morning circles under my eyes.
These are nowhere near the strangest items you find in fridges. A consumer survey of 4000 households across Europe has found that refrigerating non-food items is more common than we think. A quarter of Europeans keep medicines in their fridge; 6 per cent use it to store glue; 3 per cent, nail varnish; and 1 per cent, tins of paint and batteries.
Fridges are like a mirror of their owner's personality. Some are scrupulous about cleanliness; others have long-forgotten chutneys, pickles and sauces secreted on the top shelf (I confess to being guilty of the latter). A poll in 2011 found that one in 10 Britons store insects and similar pets in the fridge, a third keep make-up, and 2 per cent their false teeth.
Toiletries are the most familiar. In fact, when household refrigerators were first invented in the 19th century, they were used to store lotions and potions, not food. Nowadays, chemists recommend chilling certain medicines to protect the active ingredients, and thousands of us swear by the soothing effects of cold plasters, eye masks and sun cream. Daisy Bell, of Wolverhampton, stores her nail polish in the fridge. "It makes the varnish easier to apply when it's cold and stops it from clogging up." Manchester-based Sarah Clayton keeps hair-styling products in hers. "I was advised that the coconut oil wouldn't go off as quickly. Now I keep lip balm in there, too."
Bed linen and cashmere, sealed in vacuum bags, can benefit from being stored in the fridge; advocates claim the cold kills off moths and bugs. "My husband asked me to put our pillows in the fridge the other day," says Sophie Thorne of London. "I couldn't fit them in, but it helps you sleep better in hot weather."
Others use the fridge for safekeeping: one friend's grandmother kept her jewellery in there, sealed in Tupperware boxes, to hide it from burglars. UK food critic Giles Coren admits to keeping his car keys in the fridge as he was "always losing them". Candles, batteries and camera film all have a longer shelf life if kept at a low temperature. A colleague stores his cellphone there to stop the sun frazzling the software and running down the battery.
Others' fridge habits are indisputably unsavoury. Tom Wild, a paralegal and amateur angler, used to chill maggots to stop them turning into pupae. "It caused some consternation. I kept them in a double-bagged box on the bottom shelf. In the end, they were relegated to a shady corner of the garage."
More unusual still is the practice of chilling live pets. Clare Pidsley stores tortoise Tilly in the fridge during hibernation - at the suggestion of the Tortoise Trust. "It's to regulate and monitor the temperature. [She's] in our second fridge in the garage, not in the kitchen with the lettuce."