text:
Scariest Moment Yet
Driving home at 2am this morning on the turnpike, the MFT screen froze. A flash showed up on the screen. It was an error message that looks like it would appear on a Windows PC. That quickly disappeared. Instantly, the MFT screen went black. No power, no music, nothing. All shut off. After that, the mini screen in the gauge cluster went black, followed by the LED backlights of the gauges, followed by the ambient lighting. I quickly pulled over thinking something was seriously wrong. I shut the car down, waited a few minutes, turned it back on and the MFT screen said Sync, then performed "Scheduled system maintenance." The loading bar did not finish, the screen went black for 5 minutes, then Sync reappeared, then the system maintenance completed. The rest of the way home was fine. This is the second time this week that the MFT screen has frozen and performed this update. But this is the first time everything turned off on me. Any ideas why this happened?
I can tell you this much: MFT and the IPC (Instrument Panel Cluster) have nothing in common with the exception that they are connected to the same data (CAN) bus (and of course both require +12V).
My MFT did the same scheduled maintenance reboot/black screen twice in the last week also. The driver info center didn't do anything out of the ordinary. I figure this is Microsoft's way of saying you need to install the update that just came out.
Interesting. Mine screen did the same thing back in December, but it didn't affect anything else on the car. I just got the letter in the mail about the update. I guess I'll do it to ensure I don't have another Sync reboot. What sucked was it was giving me directions in the middle of rebooting. Needless to say I got lost in an unfamiliar downtown city that I had never been in before until the system came back online. I'm glad to see someone else have it happen.
I have the new update installed. But like I said, the system maintenance loading screen has come on twice in 3 days. No one else with the update is having this issue?
Sounds like some kind of low voltage situation. The MFT failed first, possibly because it is more sensitive to voltage drops. I would take it to the dealer and get the charging system checked.
Welcome to MFT, Ford took a big risk putting this much tech into a car. Sadly it did not pay off. I've had MFT since day one in my 2011 Edge. Have recently purchased a 2013 Focus Ti, I'm obviously not that disturbed by it.
It took them 3 major revisions to get it anywhere near stable. As a professional software developer, I still notice significant platform issues that shouldn't exist in such a heterogeneous environment. Microsoft really screwed them over on this one, and I where Ford I'd be looking to sick some lawyers and see if I can partner with Google and have a major PR win both ways.
If anyone from Ford is listening, its time to release this to the real innovators of any platform - the open source community. They'll save your bacon, or what's left of it when it comes to the MFT system.
"...the mini screen in the gauge cluster went black, followed by the LED backlights of the gauges, followed by the ambient lighting."
Moreover you'd think Microsoft would be keen on helping Ford get a reasonable UI up and running to showcase their mobile platform, instead they where left to linger with a 3rd party solution on top of CE which just compounded issues.
End of the day Microsoft's PR machine will try to distance themselves from this whole debacle. To me that just screams - when you choose Microsoft anything - expect this level of support when something this major falls apart.
If I was Balmer, I would put my best engineers on this and make damn sure Ford had the best telematics experience bar none.
Anyways if there are any Ford folks monitoring this thread, PLEASE add a soft reset button buried in the options. I'm really getting tired of having to pull Fuse 29 in my Edge. So far its been fine on my Focus, but I don't see how a soft reset would hurt things.
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text:
|1,200 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|6 nights
big space. small price.
Trust that our many years on this site will insure a stay that is filled with peace of mind...
Especially if you have discriminating taste, or require a lot of space, or privacy, you are in the right place. These are fabulous townhomes built in 2006. The neighborhood, Woodside is a commuter's dream...just 10 minutes and you are in time square. The city that never sleeps at your beckon call... Manhattan is so close, all the attractions are within reach. Step out of your private apartment and stores as well as amazing restaurants are only a block away.
Do not miss your chance to stay at one of ny's coveted homes. Unbeatable price and experience await.
8-Minutes to Penn Station New York, only 1-stop away on the Long Island Rail Road Train
11-Minute 7-train subway ride to Grand Central Station, Chrysler Building, New York Public Library.
12-Minutes subway ride to Time Square
12-Minutes to Central Park.
What is my proximately to local attractions?
After a day of sightseeing, your needs may be to relax and enjoy each other as friends and family. Our proximity to the city makes it all possible. Almost as if your traveling from downtown to uptown Manhattan, your ride to your home with be much the same. Take out your cameras as you travel into the city on a scenic skyline ride every day. The express train will take you to time square and your Broadway show in only 12 minutes. Central park is at most 15 minutes away. The heart of midtown is at your doorstep. Yet you enjoy the city at your own pace and come home to quiet and spacious accommodations. You find comfort in knowing that your decision to stay with us, was the smartest of all.
Have tickets to a show at Madison square garden? The commuter train, the Long Island Rail Road will whisk you to there in only 8 minute, nonstop. No other location can give you the value and luxury of the best of new york.
The neighborhood's best...: Our neighborhood, consists of those who all work in manhattan, there are few who own cars. This is why everything is so very close. Have an irish breakfast at the local diner, get bagels delivered to your doorstep. Come back from a day of sightseeing, to one of the acclaimed local restaurants. Relax with a drink at one of our 7 irish bars within walking distance.
The best place. the best space. The best price.:
There is no value like to one you will find here.
I serve NYC as a psychotherapist at the oldest social service agency in the USA, my wife works in advertising.
Dan purchased this house in 2007
Only a few minutes on a train and you are in Manhattan… but if you need to escape back to a more remote locale, we have your spot!
Just steps away from the best Thai food in NYC, many Irish pubs in walking distance, coffee shops, groceries etc….
and don't forget the easy commute to NYC… oh plus we are an 8 minute drive to LGA!
If you are looking for a larger property then I would highly recommend this townhouse, the owners were very helpful leading up to our stay and on arrival the property presented very well. Super Mike who lives onsite was very helpful and easy to contact. The property was about 10 mins sub ride into Time Sqaure and was easy to do. If you want to get out of the rat race of the center of New york then stay here, close to all shops, pubs, coffee shops etc.
Booking calendar is not accurate, so please do inquire. For a guaranteed reservation, please book one year in advance. 2010 is booking quite quickly, we look forward to being completely sold out by feb 2010, please book today! Holidays may be more.
Thanks, we hope to see you soon!
Firstly this is a great apartment that can easily accommodate a party of up to eight people. Our party was myself, elderly mother and two teenage boys and we had bags of room to kick about in.
Some parts of the apartment are showing signs of wear and tear but overall it's in good condition and had all facilities you would want - even a kettle for tea making which of course us Brits love!
Christina was extremely helpful and answered all my queries - of which there were many and really accommodating letting us store our bags until our flight which was early evening.
As others have said, the area was great and we didn't at all feel intimated or concerned about the neighbourhood. Local amenities/shops were really handy.
Things to consider however:
1. With the subway ride and the walk to the station it can add 30 mins on your journey into Manhatten and the subways were usually standing room only. There is of course the cost and it doesn't make it so easy to just drop off bags of shopping or take a break from the hustle and bustle for an hour or so. That said, it is much quieter than staying in Manhatten (which we've done before) without all the traffic noise and car horns blasting 24/7.
2. If you are in the lower floor apartment - be wary of the neighbours above! Ours were extremely noisy and quite inconsiderate waking us from early hours at 6am right through until gone midnight - so not good for those light sleepers - they were like a herd of elephants and very loud!
3. Being in the neighbourhood you are subjected to general daily life noise - building work was going on nearby so on top of noisy neighbours you had construction noise - however please see note re noise of staying in Manhatten!
Overall though, a nice place to stay and we would certainly consider using again
Stayed here for 5 nights just before Christmas with my family.
Great place to stay if you want to get away from it all and have a bit of peace and quiet after a busy day in NYC.
5 mins walk to subway, 20 - 25 mins into heart of Manhattan.
Property just as described, very clean, all facilities necessary.
Owner was extremely helpful prior to booking.
Recommend staying here if you want a cheaper and quieter option than NYC.
Tip - take the train from JFK to the property if possible - much quicker than road as all roads gridlocked
Our family of 4 kids and 5 adults stayed in Apartment C for five nights. We were nervous booking from Australia, but found that the photos show exactly what you're going to get. We were pleasantly surprised at the cleanliness and niceness of the property and had a fantastic stay.
It was easy to get to on the LIRR (11 minutes from Penn Station) and subway.(20 minutes to Times Square on the purple 7 line) and a 5 minute walk to the station.
There was no additional bedding in the cupboards, but a quick phone call to Christina, the manager, and we quickly had bedding delivered.
It was a really nice area and we felt very safe. I would highly recommend this for families or anyone who wants an affordable trip to visit NYC.
We passed the last Christmas Holidays in NY and the Apt. A was quite perfect for our 7 members family. Clean with comfortable beds. Easy access to Manhattan through the 7 Subway Line which is at 4-5 minutes walking from the apartment. Also, all king of stores in the neighborhood; groceries, liquor store, pharmacy, etc. We felt safe walking late on night when coming back from Manhattan. It was also safe and easy to leave our cars on the street in front of the house. Owners were helpful and quick to answer when needed. As we love cooking a lot, the kitchen was not as much equiped as expected but well enough for people who are planning small meals or basic cooking. We definitaly recommand the place and the neighborhood! Thanks Christina!
This was a comfortable, clean apartment, within 10 mins walking distance of a Subway station which took us directly into the heart of Manhattan. The rooms were well-proportioned and the beds very comfortable. The whole apartment was well furnished and we had everything we needed. It was useful to have use of the washing machine and drier in the garage below the apartments too. We didn't get chance to meet up with Grace or Christina, but had regular contact by phone and felt we could get in touch at any point.
Four adults and two children. Great location and area. Quiet neighbourhood. Park close by and safe for kids. Lots of room and not crowded. Description of the apt is not correct. There are only two bedrooms. The third bedroom is in the kitchen cum living room and has a curtain as divider. The air-condition unit was outside the window of the bedroom and very noisy. Could not be turned off even if you did not want air conditioning. The seating in the living section is a bed settee and a bed frame with a matress. Neither were comfortable at all. Washer and dryer were in garage below and were coin operated. Any rental accomodation I have been in previously these have been provided in the price. There is enough being charged for the rental. During our stay there were tenants in the apt upstairs. All sound carries through and their kids being up VERY early in the morning woke us. I would recommend it for the location but not if you want to get a decent nights sleep. Not because of the beds. The quality of the beds was first class. Clean bed linen lots of towels and apt clean on arrival. Air Conditioning unit outside the window and tenants in the upstairs apt bring down the recommending of this apt big time.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Direct Memory Access (DMA)
Definition - What does Direct Memory Access (DMA) mean?
Direct memory access (DMA) is a method that allows an input/output (I/O) device to send or receive data directly to or from the main memory, bypassing the CPU to speed up memory operations. The process is managed by a chip known as a DMA controller (DMAC).
Techopedia explains Direct Memory Access (DMA)
In older computers, four DMA channels were numbered 0, 1, 2 and 3. When the 16-bit industry standard architecture (ISA) expansion bus was introduced, channels 5, 6 and 7 were added. ISA was a computer bus standard for IBM compatible computers, allowing a device to initiate transactions (bus mastering) at a quicker speed. ISA has since been replaced by accelerated graphics port (AGP) and peripheral component interconnect (PCI) expansion cards, which are a lot faster.
Each channel requires two lines in order to function. One line is for is for the DMA controller, which asks for clearance from the CPU. The other line is for the CPU to recognize that the DMA controller is able to send data over the lines without disruption from the CPU.
A computer's system resource tools are used for communication between hardware and software. The four types of system resources are:
- I/O addresses
- Memory addresses
- Interrupt request numbers (IRQ)
- Direct memory access (DMA) channels
DMA channels are used to communicate data between the peripheral device and the system memory. All four system resources rely on certain lines on a bus. Some lines on the bus are used for IRQs, some for addresses (the I/O addresses and the memory address) and some for DMA channels.
A DMA channel enables a device to transfer data without exposing the CPU to a work overload. Without the DMA channels, the CPU copies every piece of data using a peripheral bus from the I/O device. Using a peripheral bus occupies the CPU during the read/write process and does not allow other work to be performed until the operation is completed.
With DMA, the CPU can process other tasks while data transfer is being performed. The transfer of data is first initiated by the CPU. During the transfer of data between the DMA channel and I/O device, the CPU performs other tasks. When the data transfer is complete, the CPU receives an interrupt request from the DMA controller.
A device applying DMA technology uses only a single channel. To avoid a conflict, sometimes the BIOS must assign a different channel to a device. A conflict can happen when more than one device tries to use the same channel.
DMA channels are slower than later data transfer methods, and therefore are not as common. One later interface is the Ultra DMA, which has a data transfer rate up to 33 MB per second. Each DMA transfers approximately 2 MB data per second.
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text:
Olivia Scriven
5 Olivia Scriven Articles
'Degrassi' Recap: Alli's Wedding Ends In Tragedy On Winter Premiere3 years ago 1
The happiest day of Alli's life quickly turned into a nightmare she couldn't escape. Degrassi's 13th season continued Jan. 28 with Alli's (Melinda… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of TeenNick
'Degrassi': Sparks Fly Between Clare & Drew In New Season 13 Promo3 years ago 15
Watch our exclusive preview of the first new episodes of 2014, beginning Jan. 28 on TeenNick! Say it with me, friends: Degrassi. Is. Back… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of TeenNick
'Degrassi' Season Premiere Clip: Zoe Meets Maya, A Feud Is Born4 years ago 2
Sacrebleu! It looks like Maya is already making a new enemy before her big summer trip to Paris. Watch! First impressions are everything… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of Teen Nick (3)
'Degrassi' Video: Maya Channels Her Inner Taylor Swift On 300th Episode5 years ago 0
Watch this exclusive sneak peek of Maya's performance on the Oct. 26 episode of 'Degrassi.' We all know Maya (Olivia Scriven) is crazy about Cam… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of Teen Nick
'Degrassi' Preview Video: Is Campbell Hooking Up With Bianca?5 years ago 8
HollywoodLife.com has your exclusive first look at the next potential 'Degrassi' super couple! Campbell (Dylan Everett) may have had eyes for Maya… Read Article ▶


text:
Photo: Fred LeBlanc
Students at work in one of Carr's renovated
The Celebration of
Student Achievement, set for Monday, February 10, in Pratt Hall's
McCulloch Auditorium, will offer not only the opportunity to recognize
leadership by students and recent graduates (as demonstrated through
academic excellence, community service, and outstanding accomplishment),
but also the chance to see the stunning renovation of Carr Laboratory,
which recently reopened for classes, labs, and research. Following
a ceremony at Pratt that begins at 4 pm, attendees will make their
way to Kendade Hall's Marion Craig Potter '49 Atrium,
where a reception will be held at 5 pm. During the reception,
tours of Carr, home of the College's chemistry department
and part of the new science center, will be offered. All events
are open to the entire College community. more>
Carr: A Crossroads
of the Sciences more>
Monique Greenwood
to Keynote Black History Month at MHC more>
Mount Holyoke
Group Helps Build Home in Florida for Needy Family
Edward Bond's
The Tin Can People Opens February 13
Have a Latté
at LITS more>
Nota Bene more>
News more>
The counter is2,932
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Copyright © 2003 Mount Holyoke College. This page created by Don St. John and maintained by Office of Communications. Last modified on February 6, 2003.


text:
Edited by George A. Zarb, BChD, DDS, MS, MS, FRCD(C)
July/August 1993
6 , Issue
The Effect of Finishing and Polishing on Surface Roughness of a Processed Resilient Denture Liner
A raised ridge on a Molloplast-B sample was removed using one of three burs, four stones, or a coarse sandpaper disc. Samples were polished using pumice alone, tin oxide alone, or both agents. A flat, unfinished sample served as a control. The average surface roughness was measured after reductions and subsequent polishings. The length of time required for initial reduction was recorded. Average surface roughness measurements ranged from 16.0 to 1.4 microns, with the control measuring 0.66 micron. Without polishing, burs produced rougher surfaces than stones and required longer times for reduction. Bur samples also remained rougher than stone samples after pumicing. No significant differences were found between treatments or controls after the use of either a combination of pumice and tin oxide or tin oxide alone.
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text:
49 Votes for Carol Ginsburg
Share Your Hero
Carol Ginsburg
Shreveport, Louisiana
How is your Hero working to make the world a better place?
Carol never misses an opportunity to congratulate people on their simchas, console them on their losses, and visit them during their illnesses. She has held every office in our local Sisterhoods and local and regional Hadassah chapters. Though she is now in her late 80s and no longer drives, she can still be found at virtually every Jewish community event, lending her support both intellectually and financially.
How has your Hero impacted your life and inspired you?
Carol has inspired me with her bottomless fount of energy. She views obstacles merely as challenges to work around. Her attitude is unfailingly positive and accepting.


text:
Date of Stay: August, 2013
Wow, where do I start? They charged us 335.00 for 4 nights. The water pressure very poor. The water comes out cloudy. You can get a large rig in there, but its stressful due to the s curve driveway and many uncut trees. The park is small and dirty. The owner treated us very poorly. We were lied to when we pulled in; then she tried to say we were the liars. I did not feel comfortable at all. We had to park our truck on the playground because there was no room. Then when they started to fill up it was really bad. Kids running around your camper; then they rode their bikes around our camper. Our sewer tube was on an up hill; needless to say it did not work well. We felt this park is one step up from a trailer park
Date of Stay: May, 2013
Great park with easy access. Everything was perfect, but the young lady in the office was a bit rude. I would return to this park. Bathrooms have lots of room and are very clean. Laundry room was kept clean. You can rent golf carts and a lot of the spots back up to the water. The background picture on my Facebook page is from this park. Absolutely beautiful view. There is a Kroger within 4 miles, and a bowling ally, drive in theater, and car wash. Oh and I almost forgot, there are docks for your boat and a storage area for trailers.
Date of Stay: January, 2013
Nice park easy access. Lots of activities. The only thing that I did not like was the people drive thru there like it's a city street. You get a face full of dirt every time they drive by. Everything is covered in dirt by the first day. It would be a great park if they could get the people to stop driving so stupid.


text:
Shortly after I arrived in Boston, I attended a meetup where a local programmer demoed an app he'd built using a NoSQL database. When he said it was schemaless, the room burst into confusion. Several people, in different words, asked "You mean you just work with unstructured data? How is that viable?" The presenter might as well have told them that, well, your body doesn't really need bones.
But he gave a good response, which I kept close at heart:
"Schemaless doesn't mean you can't have a schema. It means you have the flexibility to define it how you want, when you want."
Simon Metson wrote about one way of giving your databases structure. In this post, I'll cover another way suited to going schemaless from an SQL setup.
If you're coming from a background in SQL, think of Cloudant documents as SQL rows, but which can each have an arbitrary number of columns. Cloudant databases can store any number of documents regardless of schema, so a single database can host multiple tables. This leads us to a couple of guidelines for moving data from a SQL system to a NoSQL solution:
If it was a row, make it a document.
If it was a table, give every document therein a unique "type" identifying it as a member of that table. (Ex: every row from "blog" table becomes a document with type: "blog")
N.B.: If you need to model data in the Third Normal Form, you can set document IDs explicitly (ex: "[user]-[role]" or "garbados-admin") to prevent duplication. If you don't set an ID, Cloudant will generate one.
When all our documents are in the same database, they're much easier to query and manipulate with views. JOIN-like operations are much easier when all your documents are in the same database. Check these StackOverflow threads for examples of handling relational data in CouchDB and Cloudant:
If you can get your SQL data into a CSV, or even a series of them, you can use this Python script to upload them to Cloudant, using requests:
import requests
import csv
import json
# configuration values
config = dict(
# dict of table names and their csv representations
csv_lookup = {
# "table_name": "path/to/file.csv"
"example_table": "data.csv",
# dict of request data, which we'll upload to Cloudant
requests_data = {}
for table, filepath in csv_lookup.iteritems():
request_data = dict(docs=[])
# get our data
with open(filepath, 'rb') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
# put into request body
for row in reader:
row['type'] = table # add doctype based on table
requests_data[table] = request_data
# authenticate with cloudant via cookie
auth = "name={username}&password={password}".format(**config)
auth_url = "https://{username}.cloudant.com/_session".format(**config)
auth_headers = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
r = requests.post(auth_url,
# save auth cookie
cookies = r.cookies
# upload!
upload_url = "https://{username}.cloudant.com/{database}/_bulk_docs".format(**config)
upload_headers = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
for table, request_data in requests_data.iteritems():
r = requests.post(upload_url,
# if it worked, print the results so we can seeeeee
if r.status_code in [200, 201, 202]: # on OK, Created or Accepted
print "Upload success:", table
# problems?! D:
print r.status_code
print r.text
However, that's only one way of doing it. Schemaless means flexibility, so you may find your data requires a different architecture. If you have any questions about how your current schema might map to Cloudant, let us know on IRC in #cloudant, by email at firstname.lastname@example.com, or write a question on StackOverflow.
Alternatively, our friends at Foxweave provide a tool that can migrate from all kinds of systems into Cloudant, including MySQL, MS SQL, PostgreSQL, and others. Check it out!
Happy coding!


text:
Marketing on a limited budget is topic of panel discussion in Brainerd Sept. 24
A free event to help businesses market on a budget is bringing a panel discussion to Brainerd Tuesday.
The Brainerd Lakes Area Economic Development Corp. (BLAEDC) event is planned from 5-7 p.m. at the Brainerd Hotel on South Sixth Street.
"A panel of experts with extensive experience in marketing, branding and advertising will share their perspectives and offer invaluable advice during a free panel discussion titled "Marketing on a Small Budget," BLAEDC announced. "Each panelist will give a presentation followed by a 30-minute question-answer session and then a half hour of networking."
Light refreshments and beverages will be provided at the event which is part of BLAEDC's Business Insights series through its Executive Initiative program.
Executive Initiative is aimed at bringing the expertise of business executives who have retired or who are volunteering their time to assist others with a goal of growing business here and creating additional jobs in the lakes area.
RSVP is requested to Erika at email@example.com.
In Little Falls, a new business has consignment items, including gently used clothing and purses, greeting cards and furniture, home decor. The business is New, Used and Beyond at 200 First St. NE in downtown Little Falls.
The Light Depot received Baxter City Council support Tuesday to split the property into two parcels, separating the Light Depot building from the retail center tenant building in front of it.
In June, the council heard there was a potential buyer for the retail center who was willing to remodel the building and add tenants. Recently, the council heard the number of parking stalls in the shared parking area, at about 70, limits the potential for a restaurant to go into the site.
Grand View Lodge reported it launched its first online digital concierge system to let guests make reservations for dining, look at menus from each restaurant at the resort, request spa services, make tee times, check activity schedules and sign up for events. Guests can use the digital concierge to get information on area events and rentals, get weather updates and ask questions — all from their mobile phone, tablet or computer or kiosks in the main lodge. The system is available to guests and the general public.
"We are always asking ourselves if there is a simpler way for guests to plan their vacation activities," said Frank Soukup, director of marketing for Cote Family Companies, in a news release. "Whether it's scheduling tubing rides in the summer, or getting into wine tasting classes in the off-season, this will be a personalized itinerary of our guest's activities to make their stay more convenient and let them know truly all we have to offer. This has been a technology that we have dreamed about and theorized for a couple years, but making it all become a solid reality took a very special IT guru to pull it all together."
Grand View reports a unique feature is the ability to track guest history.
"All scheduled events for the guests will be saved in the 'Your Agenda' portal. Guests can also see group related activities and events, such as the time and location of a wedding reception, business meeting or team building activity," Grand View reported. "This is a 'real-time' solution, syncing directly to the planning software for the resort, which enables the staff to plan ahead."
In addition, the digital concierge has social media buttons so guests have options to "share their experiences with friends and family."
"Guests who receive a confirmation email for their upcoming stay can use their confirmation number to schedule activities and see their agenda," Grand View stated. "For locals in the community, the system can be used for spa, golf and dining scheduling, allowing an ease to reservation making."
Shutterfly Inc., the San Francisco-based company, is putting up a 217,000-square-foot manufacturing facility in Shakopee, creating hundreds of new full- and part-time jobs in the state.
"Shutterfly's expansion will bring hundreds of new jobs to Shakopee and Minnesota," said Gov. Mark Dayton, who met with Shutterfly executives earlier this summer in San Francisco. The state reported the move "was aided in part by a loan of up to $1 million from the Minnesota Investment Fund – an incentive tool, which helps the state of Minnesota compete successfully for businesses and the jobs that come with it."
Department of Employment and Economic Development Commissioner Katie Clark Sieben said: "Shutterfly ranked ninth in Forbes' fastest growing companies in 2013 and is also ranked as one of the best places to work. Minnesota has the talented and productive workforce to help fuel Shutterfly's rapid growth."
Founded in 1999, the Shutterfly, Inc. family of brands includes: Shutterfly, Tiny Prints, Wedding Paper Divas, Treat and MyPublisher.
RENEE RICHARDSON, senior reporter, may be reached at 855-5852 or email@example.com. Follow on Twitter at www.twitter.com/Dispatchbizbuzz.


text:
need ideas for cheaply painting 79 TA
anybody got a series of steps that I can follow. I think what I'll do is, sand it all down, then prime it? then rattle it, wet sand it, then gloss it. That's a pretty lame plan, anyone got any better ideas? I heard something about Rustoleum roll on being good for 50 bucks. Maybe sand it then have maaco do a cheap job. I would rather do this less then 100 bucks though. What I'd like to do it use a lot of partard power. It's like horsepower but less.
Whatever you do, don't use a spray can.
You'll just have a bigger mess to clean up later.
You can get acrylic enamel for $50.00.
It's not great but compared to a spray can, it's fabulous.
Probably cheaper too.
I would recommend for under $100.00 use a urethane.
(The whole "kit" is less than $200.00, w/ primer and clear)
They have some nice colors and it's pretty tough stuff.
Far better than enamel.
If you can't afford that, you can't afford to paint your car. :mwink:
thanks for the help
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UN Probe Calls Israeli Settlements 'Creeping Annexation'Flavia Krause-Jackson
A United Nations human-rights investigation of Israeli settlements said the construction is leading to "creeping annexation" of the occupied Palestinian territory on the West Bank that must stop.
The report, conducted by a fact-finding mission for the UN Human Rights Council, says Israel is in violation of the Geneva Conventions, which prohibit an "occupying power" from transferring its own civilian population into territory it occupies. Israel must "cease all settlement activities without preconditions" and "immediately initiate a process of withdrawal of all settlers," the report says.
The findings, rejected by Israel, may give Palestinians ammunition to take their complaints to the International Criminal Court in The Hague. The report shows practices that make Israel "liable to prosecution" for war crimes, said Hanan Ashrawi, a member of the Palestine Liberation Organization's executive committee.
About 250 settlements in the West Bank, including east Jerusalem, have been set up since 1967 either with or without authorization by the Israeli government, according to the UN report. The number of settlers is estimated at 520,000, it said.
Successive Israeli governments' support for construction of Jewish housing in the West Bank and east Jerusalem, which were captured in the 1967 Six Day War, has been criticized by the U.S., European Union and UN. The report also cites what it says are human-rights violations by Israeli authorities and Jewish settlers against Palestinians in east Jerusalem and the West Bank.
Israel's Rebuttal
The 47-nation Human Rights Council has repeatedly condemned Israel's actions over the years, drawing criticism from the U.S. and also UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon for overlooking the record of other nations to focus almost exclusively on Israel.
"The Human Rights Council has sadly distinguished itself by its systematically one-sided and biased approach towards Israel," according to a statement by Israel's foreign ministry today. "The only way to resolve all pending issues between Israel and the Palestinians, including the settlements issue, is through direct negotiations without pre-conditions."
The Palestinians, emboldened by a UN vote last year granting them non-member-state status in the General Assembly, have threatened to bring Israel to the war crimes court in The Hague if Israel carries out plans to build settlements in a particularly sensitive area east of Jerusalem known as E1.
Israel -- along with the U.S., Israel, China and Russia -- hasn't signed the 2002 founding treaty that created the court.
Still, should Palestine use its enhanced status to ratify the treaty it "may lead to accountability for gross violations of human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law," the report said.


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Here's the latest from the Dover Town Library.
The Dover Town Library, 56 Dedham St., is open Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays from 10 a.m.-8 p.m.; Thursdays and Fridays from 10 a.m.-6 p.m.; Saturdays from 10 a.m.-4 p.m.; and closed on Sundays. For information, visit www.dovertownlibrary.org, or call 508-785-8113.
Find us on Facebook and Twitter.
Adult & Family Programs
Chi Gong
Every Monday from 5:30-6:30 p.m.
Chi Gong is a practice of aligning breath, movement and awareness for exercise, healing and meditation.
Virtual Reality Experience
Every Wednesday from 3:30-4:30 p.m.
Sign up at the library to try out the new HTC Vive virtual reality headset. You can sign up the day of for a 15-minute window to try out a selection of games and experiences.
Virtual Reality Experience
Every Friday from 3:30-4:30 p.m. (no session April 29)
Sign up at the library to try out the new HTC Vive virtual reality headset. You can sign up the day of for a 15-minute window to try out a selection of games and experiences.
Sticks in the Stacks
Every Monday from 1-2 p.m.
Bring your yarn and needles for a drop in knitting meet up.
Game Night @ the DTL
Thursday, May 18, 5:30-9:30 p.m.
This is an open event and all types of games and gamers are welcome! Ages 16 and older.
We'll be playing whatever type of games happen to find their way into the evening — card games, Euro-style board games, mahjong or whatever else you want to bring along. Food and drinks are encouraged but not provided.
Children & Teen Programs
Super Awesome Fun Time
Mondays from 4-5 p.m.
Thursdays and Fridays from 10:30-11:30 a.m.
A super, awesome, fun time for kids age 10 months to 6 years with stories, songs, activities and crafts.
Building Zone
Tuesdays from 4-5 p.m.
Design and build imaginative structures using Lego, Duplo, giant bricks, and Keva building planks. No registration. We'll have blocks for kids of all ages. What will you build?
DIY Hour: Create your own caterpillar
Wednesday, May 17, 3:30-4:30 p.m.
For grades 6-12.
Harry Potter Club – Interest Meeting
Wednesday, May 24, 3:30-4:30 p.m.
Interested in Harry Potter? Join us today as we create our own wands. Open to ages 11 and up.


text: LPS is headquartered in Jacksonville, Fla., and employs approximately 8,000 professionals. The company is ranked on the Fortune 1000 as the 877 th largest American company in 2012. For more information, please visit http://www.lpsvcs.com/.Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Those forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs and expectations. Forward-looking statements are based on management's beliefs, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to management. Because such statements are based on expectations as to future economic performance and are not statements of historical fact, actual results may differ materially from those projected. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The risks and uncertainties to which forward-looking statements are subject include, but are not limited to: our ability to adapt our services to changes in technology or the marketplace; the impact of adverse changes in the level of real estate activity (including among others, loan originations and foreclosures) on demand for certain of our services; our ability to maintain and grow our relationships with our customers; the effects of our substantial leverage on our ability to make acquisitions and invest in our business; the level of scrutiny being placed on participants in the foreclosure process; risks associated with federal and state enforcement proceedings, inquiries and examinations currently underway or that may be commenced in the future with respect to our default management operations, and with civil litigation related to these matters; the impact of continued delays in the foreclosure process on the timing and collectability of our fees for certain of our services; changes to the laws, rules and regulations that regulate our businesses as a result of the current economic and financial environment; changes in general economic, business and political conditions, including changes in the financial markets; the impact of any potential defects, development delays, installation difficulties or system failures on our business and reputation; risks associated with protecting information security and privacy; and other risks and uncertainties detailed in the "Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information," "Risk Factors" and other sections of the Company's Form 10-K and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.


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The nonprofit Reef Relief has announced it opposes channel dredging in Key West based on the 2010 Army Corps of Engineers study that predicted such a project would have a "significant negative effect on environmental quality" and harm coral along 17 acres.
"We believe them," wrote Peter Anderson, chairman of the nonprofit's board, in a statement posted online Monday. "Based on this assessment, Reef Relief would vigorously oppose a dredge operation."
The statement comes two weeks after Reef Relief held its 26th annual membership meeting in Key West, where several members handed out copies of a letter from the group's founder blasting the nonprofit for not taking a stand on the matter.
On Oct. 1, Key West voters will decide whether the city should order a feasibility study from the Army Corps of Engineers on widening Cut B in the main shipping channel to better accommodate modern cruise ships.
Reef Relief, as a nonprofit, cannot take a political stand on the referendum, Anderson wrote, but after reviewing the Corps' 2010 report it had no problem opposing dredging.
"We hope this clears up any misconception within the body politic as to Reef Relief's commitment to our mission, to the reef and to this community spanning 26 years," wrote Anderson.
The board also includes Bob Cardenas, David Kirwan, Adam Gersten, Ed Russo, Mimi Stafford, Kevin Keeley, Kate Cardenas and Tricia Coyne, according to the group's website.
The statement, posted Monday on the group's website was released as a "letter to the editor" and sent to local media outlets, ends by thanking Jolly Benson, chairman of the political action committee opposing the study, for bringing the 2010 study to Reef Relief's attention.
Benson spoke at the nonprofit's July 15 annual meeting, along with attorney Jennifer Hulse, who represented the Key West Chamber of Commerce PAC formed to support the study.
"I am delighted to see that Reef Relief has come out strongly against the dredging," said former County Mayor Shirley Freeman, a 26-year member of the nonprofit. "It's the right thing for Reef Relief to do because it is the premiere protector of the reef."
Freeman recalled years ago when boaters would anchor on the coral reef, ripping up the fragile ecosystem.
That inspired the formation of Reef Relief, she said. Today, boaters anchor on permanent buoys.
"Reef Relief is the one that put the buoys in," Freeman said.
Proponents of the study say a majority "yes" vote at the polls wouldn't automatically lead to dredging, but the opposition calls that nonsense.
The feasibility study talked about in the Oct. 1 ballot question would be "an engineering assessment of how to proceed with the dredging -- not whether to dredge," wrote Reef Relief's founder DeeVon Quirolo in an email to friends the morning of the nonprofit's July 15 meeting.
Monday's Reef Relief statement noted the fiery local political debate over the proposed channel-dredging study.
That debate will continue Friday, when the Lodging Association of the Florida Keys and Key West hosts Benson and, from the chamber's PAC, Dr. Robin Lockwood, at its annual membership luncheon.
In addition, John Dolan-Heitlinger will appear on the panel on behalf of the Key West Seaport Alliance's PAC, the third to form in advance of the Oct. 1 ballot question.
The luncheon will be at noon Friday at the Key West Marriott Beachside Hotel, 3841 N. Roosevelt Blvd. Admission, which includes the meal, is $30. To register, call 305-296-4959 or email email@example.com.
"It is fondly hoped that the same level of passion, commitment, money and energy devoted to the study referendum can go into education and water quality restoration and protection efforts," Anderson wrote.
"Those are the battles we wage every day."
But Anderson quoted directly from the Corps' 2010 study, available in full on the city's website, www.keywestcity.com.
"The project would also have negative effects on an unspecified amount of critical environmental habitat," the study concluded. "Increased cruise traffic, as with an increase in any waterborne commerce, would likely also cause an increase in water pollution and turbidity."


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Bellville Times
Graveside services for Verlin Reuben Olson, 86, of Sealy were conducted April 17, 2006 at Houston Veterans National Cemetery in Houston. He died Wednesday, April 12, 2006 in Sealy. Born in Yankton, South Dakota, he was the son of Albin and Louise Olson. A WWII veteran, he served in many capacities including Saipan, Iwo Jima, Okinowa and Shanghai, China, and Hong Kong. He was awarded many medals including the Service Medal and the WWII Victory Medal. He married the former Normal Olean Trammell in Corpus Christi on July 5, 1947. They were married 40 years when Mrs. Olson died in 1987. He was a member of the Sealy American Legion Post 442, the National Assoc. of Letter Carriers, and CIO Union Branch 1259 Corpus Christi. He was a member of Trinity Lutheran Church in Sealy. He is survived by his son Gary W. Olson of Sealy; sister Juanita Carlson of Box Elder, South Dakota; brother Glen Olson, Yankton, South Dakota; Howard Olson of Kansas City and sister Ione Ponx of St. Paul, Minn. Arrangements were by Knesek Family Funeral Chapels.
Posted by Joy Neely


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H.Amdt.429 to H.R.2610113th Congress (2013-2014)
AmendmentHide Overview icon-hide
|Amends Bill:
|H.R.2610 — Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2014
|Rep. Nadler, Jerrold [D-NY-10] (Offered 07/30/2013)
|Latest Action:
|07/30/2013 Mr. Latham raised a point of order against the Nadler amendment (A013). Mr. Latham stated that the provisions of the Nadler amendment result in a net increase in budget authority and violate H. Res. 5, 113th Congress. The Chair sustained the point of order.
Description: H.Amdt. 429 — 113th Congress (2013-2014)
As of 05/30/2017 the description for this amendment has not been received.
An amendment to increase funds in the Capital Investment Grants account by $127,283,000.
House Amendment Code:
House Tally Clerks use this code to manage amendment information.


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The chemical industry creates an immense variety of products which impinge on virtually every aspect of our lives.
Figure 1 The chemical industry is one of the largest manufacturing industries in all developed and emerging
While many of the products from the industry, such as detergents, soaps and perfumes, are purchased directly by the consumer, 70% of chemicals manufactured are used to make products by other industries including other branches of the chemical industry itself. The industry uses a wide range of raw materials, from air and minerals to oil.
With increasing competition worldwide, innovation remains crucial in finding new ways for the industry to satisfy its increasingly sophisticated, demanding and environmentally-conscious consumers.
What does the chemical industry produce?
The products of the chemical industry can be divided into three categories:
Several other categorisations are used but this one is simple and helpful in the context of this web site. Outputs range widely, with basic chemicals produced in huge quantities (millions of tonnes) and some speciality chemicals produced in modest kilogramme quantities but with very high value. As explained in the unit on Chemical Reactors, the choice of reactor is often goverened by the amount of chemical that is to be produced.
The value of sales per category for both Europe and the US are broadly similar, as shown in
Table 1: Products from the chemical industry in 2011 by category (%).
Basic chemicals
Basic chemicals are divided into
The term 'petrochemical' can be misleading as the same chemicals are increasingly being derived from sources other than oil, such as coal and biomass. An example is methanol, commonly produced from oil and natural gas in the US and Europe but from coal in China. Another is poly(ethene), derived from oil and gas in the US and Europe but increasingly from biomass in Brazil. Other examples are described in the units on this web site.
Basic chemicals, produced in large quantities, are mainly sold within the chemical industry and to other industries before becoming products for the general consumer. For example, ethanoic acid is sold on to make esters, much of which in turn is sold to make paints and at that point sold to the consumer. Huge quantities of ethene are transported as a gas by pipeline around Europe and sold to companies making poly(ethene) and other polymers. These are then sold on to manufacturers of plastic components before being bought by the actual consumer. Figure 3 shows a plant producing chemicals which it then immediately uses to manufacture other chemicals.
Petrochemicals and polymers
The production of chemicals from petroleum (and increasingly from coal and biomass) has seen many technological changes and the development of very large production sites throughout the world. The hydrocarbons in crude oil and gas, which are mainly straight chain alkanes, are first separated using their differences in boiling point, as is described in the unit Distillation. They are then converted to hydrocarbons that are more useful to the chemical industry, such as branched chain alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons. These processes are described in the unit, Cracking and related refinery processes.
In turn, these hydrocarbons are converted into a very wide range of basic chemicals which are immediately useful (petrol, ethanol, ethane-1,2-diol) or are subjected to further reactions to produce a useful end product (for example, phenol to make resins and ammonia to make fertilizers). Many examples are found in the group of units on this site devoted to Basic chemicals.
The main use for petrochemicals is in the manufacture of a wide range of polymers. Due to their importance of these they are given their own section of units, Polymers.
Basic inorganics
These are relatively low cost chemicals used throughout manufacturing and agriculture. They are produced in very large amounts, some in millions of tonnes a year, and include chlorine, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric and nitric acids and chemicals for fertilizers. As with petrochemicals, many emerging countries are now able to produce them more cheaply than companies based in the US and Europe. This has led to tough competition and producers of these chemicals worldwide work continuously to reduce costs while meeting ever more stringent environmental and safety standards.
The units on basic inorganics can be found within the Basic chemicals section of the site.
Speciality chemicals
This category covers a wide variety of chemicals for crop protection, paints and inks, colorants (dyes and pigments). It also includes chemicals used by industries as diverse as textiles, paper and engineering. There has been a tendency in the US and Europe to focus on this sector rather than the basic chemicals discussed above because it is thought that, with active research and development (R & D), speciality chemicals deliver better and more stable profitability. New products are being created to meet both customer needs and new environmental regulations. An everyday example is household paints which have evolved from being organic solvent-based to being water-based. Another is the latest ink developed for ink-jet printers.
Units on selected speciality chemicals can be found within the Materials and Applications section of this site.
Consumer chemicals
Consumer chemicals are sold directly to the public. They include, for example, detergents, soaps and other toiletries. The search for more effective and environmentally safe detergents has increased over the last 20 years, particularly in finding surfactants that are capable of cleaning anything from sensitive skin to large industrial plants. Parallel to this, much work has been done in producing a wider range of synthetic chemicals for toiletries, cosmetics and fragrances.
Units on selected consumer chemicals can be found within the Materials and Applications section.
How does the chemical industry compare with other industries?
Although figures for sales are an important measure when looking at the size of a business, an alternative measure that is sometimes used is called Gross Operating Surplus (GOS). This is usually defined as 'the surplus generated by operating activities, after the labour factor has been recompensed' (OECD). It does not make any allowance for depreciation of capital. GOS can provide an important measure of the profitability of the business. The larger the GOS the more money a business has to invest in R&D to ensure that it remains at the forefront of the industry.
The Gross Operating Surplus Rate, which is the ratio of GOS to sales, can be used to compare the profitability of different industries.
Overall the chemical industry has one of largest values of GOS Rate amongst industries (Table 2).
Table 2: EU manufacturing industry: Gross operating surplus
The industry is a very important contributor to the wealth of a country. For example it contributes over 1% to the Gross National Product (GNP) of European countries, which is over 6% of the total GNP produced by all manufacturing industries. Generally personnel in the industry are the best rewarded of all manufacturing industries because the industry has the largest proportion of highly qualified people and generally it is the most productive.
What is the value of the industry geographically?
In 2011, worldwide, it was estimated that world sales of chemicals amounted to over $3500 billion (Table 3). This means every man, woman and child in the world, on average, uses $500 worth of chemicals a year. Of course the main users of the chemicals are in the developed countries with each person using approximately $1200 worth of chemicals annually.
Table 3 The geographic breakdown (%) of the worldwide
Production in China and other Asian economies is rising rapidly (Table 3). China itself in the space of just 10 years has increased its percentage share from 8.1 to 26.8. In contrast the proportion has shrunk in Europe from 29.8 to 19.6 and that in North America from 27.6 to 17.1. It is not as dire for Europe and North America as these numbers suggest as the total sales have increased from $545 to $699 billion. Overall they are taking smaller slices of a much larger cake, but the mass of the slice is still growing. Nevertheless, the manufacturing core of the industry is now decisively in Asia.
Table 4 shows the location of the industry by country while Table 5 shows the relative size, by sales, of the 20 largest chemical companies in the world and the location of their head offices.
Table 4 Chemical sales by country in 2011 (billion $).
However these figures can be put into a different perspective when the size of the country's population is considered (Table 5).
Table 5 Chemical sales per head of population by country in 2011 ( $).
How large are the world's chemical companies?
It can be seen (Table 6) that the head offices are spread around the world and reflect not only the high growth of chemical markets in the Middle East and in Asia but also the desire of oil producers to participate in making chemicals.
Table 6 Chemical companies: Sales in 2011 and the location of their head office.
The chemical industry is highly multi-national. BASF is shown in Table 6 as a German company, but it has manufacturing plants in the US, UK, China and in many other countries worldwide, as well as in Germany. SABIC, whose Head Office is in Saudi Arabia, has manufacturing plants across Europe, the Americas, Asia as well as the Middle East. The company exemplifies the changes wrought in the chemical industry. From manufacturing its first chemicals in 1981, it is now the world's largest producer of basic chemicals such as poly(phenylethene) (polystyrene), and ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol).
Where are chemical sites located - and why?
The siting of many of the world's major chemical companies may seem random or puzzling. In fact there are very good reasons for the choice of sites, reasons which also reflect the industrial and consumer landscape of the day.
(a) In the beginning - the nineteenth century
At first sight it seems strange that what are currently the fourth and seventh largest chemical companies in the world, Dow and DuPont , are situated in two small US cities, Midland, Michigan and Wilmington, Delaware. However, the reason that Henry Dow founded his company at Midland in 1897 was because the salt deposits in the area contain particularly high concentrations of bromide ions, and Dow had patented two methods for obtaining elemental bromine from these deposits.
DuPont's story is more colourful. Eleuthère Irénée (E I) du Pont fled to the United States from the French Revolution. He arrived with considerable experience in manufacturing gunpowder and paid Jacob Broom, a local businessman, $6,740 for a site on the Brandywine River near Wilmington on which to build his first powder mill in 1802. The falling water drove the machinery of the mill and the willow trees on the riverbanks were turned into charcoal, one of the three ingredients of gunpowder. The site was far enough away from Wilmington in case of explosion but near enough to wharves on the river to ship out the powder. A perfect and entirely logical location.
At this time, two great German companies were established - Bayer in 1863 and BASF in 1865. Bayer's incentive was principally the river Rhine, a tributary of which ran through the city of Barmen (now part of the city of Wuppertal). There Friedrich Bayer and Johann Friedrich Weskott, one a salesman and the other a master dyer, set up a factory to manufacture synthetic dyestuffs from coal-tar for the textile industry. The city was near extensive coal fields, and the Rhine's tributary offered both a source of power and a means of transport.
BASF, like Bayer, was founded to make dyes but its location was influenced by civic utilities and an early instance of industrial recycling. In 1861 Friedrich Engelhorn built a gasworks in Mannheim and installed the street lighting for the town council. At the same time he seized the opportunity to use the by-product, coal-tar, to make dyes. The company also began to make the other chemicals necessary for dye production, notably alkalis and acids. Engelhorn called his company Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik in recognition of the wide range of chemicals it manufactured and of its location in the Grand Duchy of Baden. With environmental foresight, the city fathers of Mannheim did not want any pollution of their city and so the plant was actually built across the Rhine at Ludwigshafen.
In the UK the locations of much of today's industry also relate to the nineteenth century's industrialisation. For example, the concentration of the chemical industry in the Northeast of England was influenced by the location of coal mines, the availability of iron ore (for the steel industry) and the closeness to ports. Similarly, the strong chlor-alkali industry (chlorine, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) in the Northwest of England developed because of local coal and salt mines and the proximity of a major canal leading to a main port of England. The great cotton mills in Lancashire gave the obvious location for the dyestuff industry around Manchester, the largest city in Lancashire.
(b) Up to the present - the twentieth and twenty-first centuries
All of the sites mentioned above are flourishing today, although the companies expanded during the subsequent 150 years to make many other chemicals ranging from plastics to pharmaceuticals. They have also added many new plants all over the world to be near their customers.
Nevertheless, exactly the same range of factors that influenced locations in the nineteenth century are active today, for example:
access to raw materialsplentiful water suppliesgood communications (road, rail and port facilities)closeness to the customer for the productsreliable energy supplies, andthe availability of skilled labour.
One thing that changed during the twentieth century was the importance of oil and natural gas feedstocks in supporting the growing petrochemical/polymer industry which developed principally after 1945. This explains why some installations are sited adjacent to oil fields. For example, there is a cluster of companies adjacent to the oil fields in Texas, and the discoveries and development of gas shale (still a controversial process in many countries) in places like Texas, Colorado and Pennsylvania are leading to new investment in chemical plants nearby.
Access to the sea for transport remains a huge influence. Refineries and chemical companies have been built on the coast of many countries, whether they have their own indigenous oil and gas or whether they import it.
There are many examples along the US coastline of the Gulf of Mexico and in the UK (for example at Fawley near Southampton, Teesside on the east coast of England, at Mossmorran and Grangemouth in Scotland). Similarly, there are refineries on the coast of mainland Europe, for example near Antwerp (Belgium) and Rotterdam (Netherlands). There are even pipelines that connect refineries, enabling easy transport of the ethene and, in the Netherlands and Belgium, the propene produced by them.
Figure 6 Distribution of ethene by pipeline across Europe.
Other examples of very large refineries with chemical plants either integrated into them or nearby can be seen in Saudi Arabia (Al-Jubail, which has a large chemical complex built near a deep sea water harbour of Ras Tenura on the east coast near Bahrain), India (Jamnagar in the state of Gujarat on the north west coast) and South Korea (Ulsan on the south-east coast on the Sea of Japan). All three are among the world's largest refineries, Jamnagar actually being the largest.
Many oil producing countries made a strategic decision not just to sell the crude oil, but also to participate in the higher added value markets downstream. They began to invest in both refineries and petrochemical plants close to the oil fields in their own countries (major production facilities now exist, for example, in Saudi Arabia). However, these are far away from the actual markets for the refined oils and chemicals. As it is cheaper to transport crude oil than to distribute many of its end products around the globe, there is now a trend for oil-producing countries to invest in more distant refineries and plants, closer to the consumer market. Meanwhile, US and European companies are investing heavily in vast refineries and chemical plants in emerging countries, in collaboration with the local chemical companies. For example, Shell shares such a complex with the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) in Daya Bay in the south-east of China (Figure 2) and Dow Chemical has linked up with the Saudi Arabian Oil to build a complex at Al- Jubail. This latter investment is massive, in the order of E20 billion.
Another major factor determining location has always been a profitable market for the end products. Since the chemical industry is its own biggest customer, it makes good sense to group together companies that use chemical products as intermediates in their own manufacturing process. This has led to clusters of plants (Figure 3) which successively use the output of one process as the input to another. For example, the manufacture of fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate and carbamide (urea), can be found adjacent to ammonia plants which are themselves close to plants with a ready source of raw materials, either methane or naphtha, used to make ammonia.
More recently, close proximity to other high technology industries, as well as easy airport access, have been influential factors particularly for plants producing speciality chemicals.
The minerals industry
Because the chemical industry depends on the supply of certain minerals, we need to consider the mining companies responsible for this work. Due to the complexities and development costs involved in mining, they are huge organisations as can be judged by their sales (Table 7). BHP Billiton, for example has mines in 12 countries, extracting oil, natural gas, ores of aluminium, iron, silver, lead, zinc, copper, uranium and manganese as well as coal for both energy and for metallurgy.
Table 7 Mining companies: Sales in 2011 and the location of their head office.
China now uses more natural resources (including iron, aluminium, copper, and nickel and zinc ores) than any other country and its government is investing in some of the international mining companies. The units in the Metals section provide examples of the extraction of metals from minerals.
Research and development (R&D)
Although expensive and time-consuming, research and development is crucial to the industry's evolution. To keep competitive the industry must
find new products which enhance the quality of lifeadapt rapidly to changes in consumer demand around the worldproduce and sell chemicals in quantities that achieve economies of scaleselect locations for bulk chemical companies so that they can access the cheapest raw materials and energyimprove existing processes for making chemicals in order to use less capital expenditure and save raw materialsfind methods of manufacturing that use and dispose of chemicals which do not harm the environmentlocate speciality chemical companies near good centres of R&D within both the commercial and university sectors.
The R & D cycle - deciding to carry out research on a particular topic, to spend money on development and then to manufacture - involves not only chemists and chemical engineers but other experts; financial (for borrowing the large sums of money needed), marketing (for ensuring that their new or improved product can be sold), legal (to ensure that the patents are secure) and many others.
Sometimes discoveries have been made by accident, for example, the discoveries of both low density and high density poly(ethene). However, neither would have been discovered had chemists not already been doing fundamental research on the reactions of ethene. Other discoveries are the direct results of the clever ideas of chemists with specific aims in mind, for example the discoveries of polyamides, polyesters and, much later, linear low density poly(ethene).
Research into new catalysts is still very fruitful. In recent years, a new catalyst for the manufacture of methanol has meant that the plant can operate at lower temperatures and lower pressures than hitherto, thus saving much energy to the benefit of the environment. A new class of catalysts, the metallocenes have been developed for the manufacture of poly(ethene) and poly(propene) which give superior properties to these plastics for specialised uses.
Other research areas that are now being commercialized include nanotechnology, biotechnology and the development of biofuels to supplement oil supplies. Significant benefits to the environment have come from research to develop processes which lead to improved octane rating of petrol, water-based paints, replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the development of Green Chemistry.
From research to production
Research carried out in the laboratories of industry and universities is only the first step. These discoveries have to be converted into realistic industrial processes. This is the job of the chemical engineer who is responsible for translating the laboratory chemistry to a larger scale. Scaling up production from grams under laboratory conditions to thousands of tonnes in a full scale industrial plant is very painstaking work for chemists and chemical engineers. The intermediate stages between laboratory and full scale production involve equipment that is able to mimic the large scale process and enable the most favourable conditions to be found for a high yield of product obtained at a suitable rate (Figure 7).
Figure 7 An example showing some pilot batch reactors which are separate and
The photograph below (Figure 8) shows an intermediate stage in which a a pilot plant, has been made, to find the most suitable conditions for the new OMEGA process to produce ethane-1,2-diol. This is a very important step as often the conditions that are suitable for the process in the laboratory are not necessarily suitable when the process is transferred to larger scale equipment. Thus many experiments under very carefully controlled conditions are carried out to obtain the maximum yield. The chemists and chemical engineers doing this work must also bear in mind the maximum yield may involve additional costs which make the process uneconomic.
Figure 8 The pilot plant for the new OMEGA process to make ethane-1,2-diol.
If this work is successful the next stage is to make the material on a commercial scale which, as in the case of ethane-1,2-diol, is many hundreds of thousands of tonnes a year (Figure 9). The profitability of the product lies in the design of the industrial scale reactor necessary for the safe manufacture of the desired products. The capital cost of such a plant is likely to be millions of dollars.
Designing a plant is a team project and chemists, plant designers and chemical engineers select suitable materials for the construction of the plant. Although the common image is of chemical plants made from gleaming steel, many other materials are used in their construction including a wide variety of metals, plastics, glass and rubber. As construction materials are themselves chemicals, choosing materials which do not react with the chemicals involved in the process is essential to avoid hazardous interactions, the breakdown of the plant, or the contamination of the product.
Construction materials must be
The chemical industry: how safe and how environmentally regulated?
Safety must be at the top of the chemical industry's agenda and for good reason. Many of its products are potentially hazardous at some stage during their manufacture and transport. These chemicals may be solids, liquids or gases, flammable, explosive, corrosive and/or toxic. Manufacturing processes frequently involve high temperatures, high pressures, and reactions which can be dangerous unless carefully controlled. Because of this the industry operates within the safety limits demanded by national and international legislation.
Figure 10 Hydrofluoric acid is a very corrosive liquid. Here it is being
Risks and injuries
In spite of dealing with hazardous operations, the chemical industry actually has a lower number of accidents than industry as a whole. Between 1995 and 2005, across the whole of European manufacture of all types, there were over 4 injuries for every 1000 employees, twice that sustained in the chemical industry. US data, recorded as days lost due to accidents, show an even starker difference; the number of days lost in major companies in the chemical industry through accidents is 4 times less than in manufacturing generally.
Environmental regulations
There are serious concerns about the potential impact of certain manufactured chemicals on living organisms, including ourselves, and on the natural environment. These concerns include air, land and sea pollution, global warming and climate change, ozone depletion of the upper atmosphere and acid rain.
The chemical industry has a world-wide initiative entitled Responsible Care. It began in Canada in 1984 and is practiced now in over 60 countries. It commits national chemical industry associations and companies to:
Continuously improve the environmental, health, safety and security knowledge and performance of our technologies, processes and products over their life cycles so as to avoid harm to people and the environmentUse resources efficiently and minimise wasteReport openly on performance, achievements and shortcomingsListen, engage and work with people to understand and address their concerns and expectationsCooperate with governments and organisations in the development and implementation of effective regulations and standards, and to meet or go beyond themProvide help and advice to foster the responsible management of chemicals by all those who manage and use them along the product chain.
In the US, chemical companies spend over $ 12 billion a year on environmental, health and safety programs. This has, for example, has led to the reduction of hazardous releases to the air, land and water by over 70 percent over the last 40 years. Another environmental measure concerns the use of energy. In the 20 years from 1990, the chemical industry in the US saved energy at the average rate of 2.1% and in Europe at more than 4%. This also reduces the emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, at a rate of nearly 2.5% and 6% per annum in the US and EU, respectively.
Regulations are in force in every major country. In Europe, they are enforced through REACH (Registration, Evaluation Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals). They are fundamentally changing the way chemicals are made, sold and used, by providing a single standardised framework for the safe management of chemicals. REACH places the responsibility on both manufacturers and importers to ensure that all chemicals produced in quantities greater than one tonne a year do not adversely affect human health or the environment. The industry provides comprehensive documented information for all qualifying chemicals and related substances, enabling users of the chemicals to ensure that adequate controls are in place. Chemicals which are produced in amounts of 1000 tonnes or more per year must have been registered by December 2010 and those greater than 1 tonne must be registered by June 2018.
Only a small proportion of chemical wastes are toxic or hazardous. Most of these, together with materials which resist natural breakdown, are incinerated at high temperature. Whenever possible, the waste itself provides the fuel for this process. The gases produced are thoroughly cleaned and 'scrubbed' before release into the atmosphere, leaving only ash for disposal. Examples of how by-products are dealt with are seen throughout the units on this web site.
What are the challenges for the chemical industry today?
The chemical industry is undergoing huge changes worldwide. As we have seen above, one concerns the emergence of Middle Eastern countries and China, India and Brazil as manufacturers of chemicals on a mammoth scale, for their own consumption and also for export worldwide. Companies in these countries are also investing in plant in the US and Europe whilst US and European companies are investing in plant in these large emerging countries, making the industry as a whole totally international in the way it conducts business. The challenge for companies in the US and Europe is to cut their costs while ensuring that they conform to the best practice in protecting the environment. This concern about the environment is discussed in the separate units on individual chemicals.
A new revolution beckons. As oil and natural gas become ever scarcer and more expensive, chemists are searching for new feedstocks to supplement or even replace oil and natural gas. And they are rediscovering the virtues of coal (still in huge supply, even though it is a fossil fuel that cannot be replaced) and biomass.
Thus we are coming full circle. In the late 19th and the first part of the 20th centuries, the organic chemical industry was based largely on coal and biomass. Coal was heated strongly in the absence of air to form coal gas (a mixture of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide). A liquid (coal tar) was formed as a by-product which contained many useful organic chemicals, including benzene, and the solid residue was coke, an impure form of carbon. Coke was the source of what we now call synthesis gas. Steam was passed over it at high temperatures to yield carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Another source of organic chemicals was biomass. For example, the source of many C2 chemicals was ethanol, produced by fermentation of biomass. C3 and C4 chemicals such as propanone and butanol were also produced on a large scale by fermentation of biomass.
Since then, from the 1940s onwards, the industry has found better and better ways of using the products from the refining of oil to produce not only all the chemicals mentioned above but many more. An example is the growth of the petrochemical industry, with the array of new polymers, detergents, and myriad of sophisticated chemicals produced at low cost.
Perhaps therefore the greatest challenge lies in finding ways to reduce our dependence on non-renewable resources. Thus, as oil and natural gas supplies dwindle, we must find ways to use the older technologies based on biomass to produce chemicals in as an environmentally acceptable way as possible, in terms of energy expended and effluents produced. For example, some ethene and a range of polymers, as well as very large quantities of ethanol, are now being produced from biomass.
Another challenge is reduce our dependence on non-renewable resources to produce energy. The easiest way to do this is to find ways to run our chemical plants at lower temperatures with the aid of catalysts or using alternative routes. This has already begun in earnest and over the last 20 years, as noted in the last section, the consumption of energy per unit of product has been falling at an average of about 6% in the EU and about 2.5% in the US per year. In consequence, the emission of carbon dioxide has fallen per unit of product by 68% and 40% over the same time scale.
The new technologies based on nanomaterials will also be to the forefront in future advances in the chemical industry and it will be important to ensure that the production of these revolutionary materials is safe and of economic benefit.
The chemical industry has many challenges in the 21st century which must be overcome in order to remain at the heart of every major country. It is only through this that the industry can help society to maintain and improve its standard of living and do so in a sustainable way.
Much of the data used in this unit is derived from published work by CEFIC (Conseil Européen des Fédérations de l'Industrie Chimique, The European Chemical Industry Council) and the American Chemical Council.
Date last amended: 21st July 2013


text: We just can't help but smile when looking at flower girl dresses! Lets be honest, no matter what type of frock your little miss has on, she is going to be adorable! However, we know that you want to find a dress that perfectly complements your wedding style, so we found 16 darling dresses to help get your inspiration flowing. We are loving the tiered skirts and the full tulle skirts that are all over the mini fashionista world right now, and the sweet floral details in both the hair and on the dresses themselves. From rustic and country-chic to princess-inspired dresses, browse below to find the perfect style for your flower girl, and be sure to share your favorites!


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"Leadership development for health system strengthening: A focus on Human Resources for Health"
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U.S. authorities arrested a New Jersey man who specialized in connecting hedge funds with company executives, accusing him of revealing confidential information in the first charges to emerge from a sprawling investigation into illegal insider trading.
The arrest will send a shudder through the financial industry, which is already on edge following the raids of three hedge funds this week and the news that four other investment firms have received subpoenas seeking information in the probe. Further charges are expected as the investigation moves into high gear.
Early Wednesday, authorities arrested Don Ching Trang Chu at his home, days before he was scheduled to travel to Taiwan. In a criminal complaint filed in New York court, authorities alleged that Mr. Chu conspired to leak inside information from several technology companies, including Canada's Sierra Wireless Inc., to hedge funds.
Mr. Chu, 56, works for Primary Global Research, a so-called "expert network" company headquartered in California. For a fee, such firms connect investors, either on the phone or in person, with industry experts. Many such experts are current or former executives at publicly traded companies.
Expert networks are marketed as a way to help investors get a fuller picture of a company's business and strategies; they're not supposed to act as a conduit for confidential information. In this case, authorities claim that Mr. Chu, among other things, arranged for a hedge fund manager to receive earnings figures before those numbers were publicly disclosed. No allegations have been proven and Mr. Chu's lawyer, James DeVita, said only: "We will have an opportunity to present a defence and we'll pursue that," according to The Associated Press.
More charges are likely to follow in the coming days and weeks. "This is not the first of several, this is the first of many," says Jacob Frenkel, a partner at law firm Shulman Rogers and a former federal prosecutor. "The investigation with respect to Mr. Chu may be finished but the broader investigation is barrelling forward."
Thursday's charges confirm that U.S. authorities are employing increasingly aggressive tactics in their pursuit of insider trading and seeking out new frontiers in such illegal activity. One source of information against Mr. Chu came from wiretaps, which, until recently, tended to be reserved for cases involving organized crime or drug trafficking.
The charges against Mr. Chu also point to a shift in the types of behaviour under scrutiny. Many high-profile insider-trading cases, such as one against magazine magnate Martha Stewart in 2003, focused on single instances of alleged illegal behaviour. Lately, however, authorities are turning their attention to webs of information-sharing where tips are repeatedly passed between investors, executives and others.
Mr. Chu was involved in one such net, authorities allege. In late 2008, Mr. Chu's firm, Primary Global, struck up a relationship with a hedge fund run by Richard Choo-Beng Lee. Mr. Lee pleaded guilty to insider-trading charges as part of a different probe and has been co-operating with investigators in the hopes of receiving a shorter sentence. From 1999 to 2004, Mr. Lee worked at SAC Capital Advisors, one of the world's most successful hedge funds, founded by Steven Cohen.
In the summer of 2009, authorities say, Mr. Chu provided Mr. Lee with confidential earnings information about Atheros Communications, Inc., a semiconductor firm, before the figures were made public. He also allegedly arranged for Mr. Lee to speak with an employee at a technology company who provided figures for revenues, gross margin and sales for different product lines hours before such information was due to be released.
Later, in a conversation with Mr. Lee, Mr. Chu explained that "some guys are willing to talk [about earnings figures], some are not." He went on to say he didn't want to be too involved in the U.S. "Let me tell you the truth," Mr. Chu said. "It's dangerous" because the Securities and Exchange Commission is "too strong. In Asia, the SEC can't do too much there."
Mr. Chu also offered to connect Mr. Lee with employees at Sierra Wireless and Broadcom Corp. who were known to provide revenue numbers and other figures to hedge funds. In a statement, Sierra Wireless said the employee referred to in the complaint is not a director or officer of the company, adding it "takes these allegations very seriously and intends to co-operate fully."
The allegations against Mr. Chu will cast a harsh light on the broad field of expert-network firms. Such firms can earn tens of thousands of dollars a year from their clients, which include hedge funds and other investment managers, in exchange for access to their "experts." The experts, meanwhile, often earn several hundred dollars per hour or per call. One of the experts mentioned in the case against Mr. Chu earned more than $200,000 (U.S.) over roughly two years for his consultation services.
Mr. Chu faces two criminal charges, one of conspiracy to commit securities fraud and one of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. If found guilty, he could face years in prison and be forced to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in fines. Mr. Chu appeared in court on Wednesday and was released on a $1-million bond.Report Typo/Error
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Dorothy Perkins
Womens *Alice & You Black Lace Swing Dress Black
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A day (or two) late and a dollar short.
Wednesday came and went, as did Thursday. It was only late last night that I found the time to tally up the entries for the round. It appears there are three people who managed to get all sixteen correct, and as a result a tie-breaker round (or rounds) will be needed.
I'll have to spend some time this weekend thinking and searching for additional interesting title sequences. Check back on Wednesday for the first tie-breaker.
[Update: Forgot to include the answer to last week's quiz. It was of course The Mouse that Roared, hence the rodent on the pedestal that frightened away the Columbia Torch Lady.]


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Hot House
I woke up this morning to a hotter than usual house. I live in Texas, and it's really hot here right now (daytime highs between 102-108), so my AC has been running almost non-stop for a couple of weeks. I rent, and my unit is old. I have not been as good as I should be about regularly changing the filter (should it be every month?).
After standing on a chair to check the air coming out of the vents, it seems that the air is still cool but that it is not coming out as strongly as it did before. Could the solution be as simple as changing the filter? Do I need to clean the coils. I watched a few youtube videos about cleaning the coils (evaporator and condenser) and it didn't look too hard. Is this something I should try myself?
Changing the filters as they get dirty is very important!
If there loaded up with dirt the unit will suck harder and can pull some of the dirt through the filter and load up the A or slant coils which will cause the unit to freeze up from lack of air flow.
Every month? Only when there dirty is the way I fly. I try and make a habit of just checking them on the 1 st of every month.
If your renting then no do not mess with the coils in the air exchanger.
do a quick test... remove the filters and see what happens...
also note that if the filters are blocked, you run the risk of freezing the cooling coils... upon which you will have to let them defrost. You will see white frost on the copper pipes coming out of the blower where the coils are.
if frozen, then simply turn on the blower with the ac off for a while.
good luck!
If you do attempt to clean the coils be very careful not to bend the fins or you will be in a world of trouble
if the filter was saturated with dust dirt...then the rounds on the fan squirrel cage is next then that gets packed then onto the A coil... run your finger inside the fins ..carpeting or wood floors .sut the unit off on the stat wait 5 minutes...put the FAN/ON only should be hi speed check registers...leave cooling off....powerful?then reset fan to AUTO and cooling to run air should be the same.this will verify you have hi speed in fan/only and hi fan in cooling mode...did you ever hear the air coming out of the registers when all was clean and new...
sounds like you coil is already frozen. Check for any ice on the large refrigerant line outside. If ice is there the coil is frozen. If it is frozen you need to turn a/c off and Fan to on. this will melt the ice. May take several hours.
A dirty filter can and will freeze the coil if it restricts the air flow. this get more important when the system has to run no stop due to temps.
also to add if filters are not changed on a regular basis.. it results in dirt build up on the coil ..which causes low air flow and coil freeze up....in turn results in expensive repair....
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Vol. 1, No. 1 Note: This original was "conserved" decades ago by applying special gauze to the surface, which makes the printing indistinct.
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|hope college > provost
College Governance
A6: Other Campus-Wide Committees
e. Appointed Committees
These committees do not report to any governing board, but operate within the framework of policies established by the boards and usually in close liaison with boards, standing committees, administrators, and/or departmental or divisional faculty. The way in which membership is established varies from one committee to another.
At least six members, appointed annually by the Associate Dean for Research and Scholarship: two members from the social science faculty, representing different departments; one from the natural and applied science faculty, one from the arts or the humanities faculty, with professional interests in ethics, religion, philosophy, or a closely related discipline; one with an advanced degree in a health-related profession; one from the Holland Community who is neither affiliated with Hope College nor immediately related to someone affiliated with Hope College. Membership must include both men and women. The Associate Dean for Research and Scholarship chairs the committee.


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Letters to the editor for Dec. 31
To our Corbett community and beyond
Once again, our extended Baker family feels blessed by the overwhelming love and contributions from our community and friends. In memory of Jim Baker, husband, father, grandfather and great-grandfather, more than $1,400 has been contributed toward his grandson's memorial. The Corbett community has shown its dedication by planning to build the Jeff Lucas Veterans Memorial Stadium. We wish to sincerely thank all who continue to show support in so many ways.
Ardis Baker, Pat Lucas, Larry and Linda Traxler and families


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Popular property highlights
Red Carpet Inn & Suites places you next to Trump Taj Mahal Casino and within a 5-minute walk of Atlantic City Hall. Each of the 34 rooms at this motel includes a refrigerator, a microwave, and a flat-screen TV. Steel Pier and Atlantic City Public Library are also a short walk from this Atlantic City motel.
The 34 rooms are air-conditioned and have an array of amenities, including microwaves, refrigerators, and free long-distance calls. 32-inch flat-screen TVs come with cable channels, and guests can stay connected with free WiFi. Other standard amenities include free local calls and hair dryers.
Guests of Red Carpet Inn & Suites enjoy free WiFi in public areas, express check-in, and express check-out. You can take advantage of free parking if you drive. Front-desk staff are standing by 24/7 to assist with any requests.
Property features
- Walking distance to Steel Pier
- Free WiFi in rooms and public areas
- Free parking
- 24-hour front desk
Red Carpet Inn & Suites
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Red Carpet Inn & Suites features express check-in, express check-out, and an elevator (lift). Wireless Internet access is complimentary. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
- 24-hour front desk
- Number of floors - 2
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Total number of rooms - 34
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
Red Carpet Inn & Suites offers 34 air-conditioned accommodations with hair dryers. 32-inch flat-screen televisions come with cable channels. Refrigerators and microwaves are provided. Rooms have partially open bathrooms. Bathrooms include shower/tub combinations.
This Atlantic City motel provides complimentary wireless Internet access. Business-friendly amenities include phones; local and long-distance calls are complimentary (restrictions may apply). Housekeeping is offered daily and irons/ironing boards can be requested.
- Air conditioning
- Free long-distance calls
- Microwave
- Hair dryer
- Phone
- Free local calls
- Daily housekeeping
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Flat-panel TV
- Partially open bathroom
- Refrigerator
- Shower/tub combination
- Free WiFi
- Cable TV service
Nearby Things to Do
- Golfing nearby
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
- Resort fee
Hotel Name
- Red Carpet Atlantic City
- Red Carpet Inn Atlantic City
We should mention
A resort fee is included in the total price displayed.


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Whether you're single, newly coupled or have been coupled-up for years, you've had them -- those moments when, despite the stars being aligned for a g...
Read Whole Story
Modern wives often lose the sensuality of womanhood. They are feminine when they marry but are quickly relegated to the roles of caretaker, wage-earner, housekeeper, and waitress. Paradoxically, the grand extinguisher, often, is the wife's own husband.
Alack! I can no more talk to you into accepting your breasts as they are, than I can talk you into taking Pam Anderson as your Personal Savior.
The question can be asked whether giving couples a divine command to go at it like sex machines seven nights running is the best advice for rejuvenating the shriveling American libido.
Your first and foremost need for a peppy libido is plain ol' good basic health. You need this as a strong foundation for your libido to be at its best.
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