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|1,560 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 - 4 nights
Our apartments offer the rare combination of space and elegance at an affordable price. Stylishly furnished; contemporary graphic art and a mix of classic pre-war and modern furniture and lighting, ensure comfort with plenty of local character and charm.
The apartments have been renovated to high standards. We preserved parquet floors throughout, double doors and 3 meters tall ceilings. Located in a quiet street but the historic centre is only a short walk away, with its array of restaurants, cafes, bars and boutiques.
At the end of the street you can jump on a tram for a short ride to Wawel Castle – or to the famous Jewish Quarter at Kazimierz, where you'll be also spoilt for choice with all the sights, restaurants, bars and nightlife. Kazimierz is one of the favourite destinations for locals and visitors alike.
Our two beautiful apartments are located on the first floor in a 1900 century Cracovian town house , WITH A LIFT .Our apartments can be rented separately - they are completely self contained. Apartment 1 can sleeps up to 8 people. Apartment 2 can sleep up to 6 people .If you are looking for super spacious apartment you can rent them both and create a super large apartment. The apartments have a common, private hall which is NOT a part of any of the apartments. When combined they will create one wonderfully specious and comfortable apartment.
When enquiring about renting only one of the apartments please specify which one you are interested in. You can see 2 prices on the website : for the combined apartments and for the larger of the two apartments ( sleeps up to 8 people). Due to the lack of space on the website we can not show the price of the smaller apartment ( sleeps up to 6 people) - it is £10 per night cheaper than the bigger. If in doubt - please check with us.
The apartments are full of light thanks to large, double glazed windows in every room. They are warm in winter thanks to the central heating and cool in summer thanks to old, thick walls that prevent the heat from outside get through.The location is perfect; walking distance to the Main Square, all the commodities also a short walk away. Peaceful, residential street. Renovated to a high standard with parquet flooring, high ceiling, a ceramic stove. Contemporary graphic art and a mix of classic pre-war and modern furniture and lighting, ensure comfort with plenty of local character and charm.
We took special care that all beds have a bed side lamp with light brights enough for reading - often it is a problem in rented accommodation.We hate it when it happens to us on our travel so we make sure our guests don't have this problem either!
Modern, fully equipped kitchens, central heating, flat screen smart satellite TV, DVD player, a cot or a high chair can be provided. Internet access ,free WiFi
Good reasons to book our apartment: our apartments, which we visit regularly with our children, have a unique location: Old Town is the heart of Krakow, that's where you want to be and yet in our apartments you will be away from the noisy city centre. From here you can walk to all tourist attractions. The Main Square is a leisurely 10-15 min walk. Wawel Castle is a short tram ride away and the tram stop is round the corner from our street. Public transport is inexpensive in Poland.
We always try to ensure that you have a fantastic time in Krakow and we will always be happy to answer all your email enquiries - all you need to do is ask.
You will be met at the apartment by our very friendly representative (who speaks several languages). He will show you round the apartment and explain how things work and recommend restaurants or places to visit if you wish to. We will also send you our personal recommendation of places to eat and see in Krakow. If travel with children - we can recommend places that your children will find attractive.
We can organize transport from the airport for you and if you wish to travel to Auschwitz or visit a World Heritage salt mines in Wieliczka - we can help you organize your trip, too.
I grew up in Krakow in an old, beautiful apartment. We rented it, like most Poles, from the state. Sadly my family was not able to buy the property after the communist regime collapsed. Even though I live in London now, I miss Krakow a lot. When I found a great apartment in the very heart of the city - I could not resist buying it. I love to come here with my family and we do so as often as we can.
We are never bored here - there are things to do for adults and kids alike. My favourite pastime ( when the weather is good!) is sitting in a cafe on the Main Square, soaking up the sun while sipping a coffee. My kids love coming in winter - the town is covered in snow and skiing in the mountains .We rent a car and 1.5 hrs later we are on a slope. I also like going to concerts, exhibitions and new galleries that have mushroomed in Krakow over the recent years .And that you can do in any weather!
Beata purchased this apartment in 2006
We decided to buy this particular apartment because of its fantastic location. We wanted to have an apartment near the Market Square but not actually on it. It can be very noisy on the Market Square with all the tourists staying up until early hours.
Our street is very peaceful and yet only 10-15 walk from the Market Square. There is a 24 hrs well stocked supermarket just round the corner. There are bakeries and cafes 2 min walk from the apartment. One has just opened literally opposite our building. When we are tired after the whole day of activities and we don't fancy walking home - we hop on a tram. The tram stop is 2 min walk from the apartments.
Our apartments offer great comfort and space! You can combine the two and have one super large apartment. But you can also rent them separately as they are completely self contained. They are our second homes and when we come here we often bring our friends. Therefore we have taken great care to make them feel cosy and welcoming.
They are at a perfect location - all our previous guests who have sent us feedback - loved the proximity to Krakow's main attractions and yet be away from the crowds when you want to. We have free WIFI and a flat screen smart TV in each apartment.
We found this apartment using holiday-rentals.co.uk and contacted the owner, Beata. Despite being a Sunday evening she immediately contacted us with the details and pricing. From that moment on she went out of her way to make sure we enjoyed both Krakow and the accommodation.
We had a fabulous time! The apartment is fantastically situated and a very short walk from the Old Town, as well as tram stop for further explorations. Everything you could possibly need for exploring the area is within easy reach, as are an assortment of bars, restaurants etc. We had no idea what to expect on our first trip to Krakow, however we will certainly be returning and we would definitely contact Beata first.
Confirmation by email is required followed by a non-refundable 25% deposit. 10% discount on longer stays (7 nights and over). If payment has to be made internationally via Paypal, there is a 4% surcharge to cover costs.
Refundable deposit of 200 zlotys (40GBP) payable in cash to our agent on arrival.
Payment method and all the other details will be provided by separate email from us.
We had both properties for a large group, everything was great and we had no problems!! great information pack , easy payment methods and lovely apartments,
We have just spent the weekend at Beta's apartments, we rented both as we were a party of 8. Location is fantastic and Beta was fantastic at arranging transfers And trips to Auschwitz and salt mines. It was our first visit to Poland, the local people are friendly and welcoming. Only downfall is that we had to come home. Thank you for such a wonderful trip, we can not wait to come again X X.
I was so grateful to find this wonderful apartment in Krakow. Traveling with seven people we needed a little extra space and that was exactly what we got.
The owner, Beata, worked very closely with me in setting up our stay and making sure that we had everything we needed.
The apartment is downtown, close to the Main Square and an easy walk to the tram. There was plenty of bedroom space and kitchen space. It was well appointed with common areas as well for us to reflect on our days in Krakow.
If you're going to Krakow and need a nice, comfortable, conveniently located apartment for a number of people, this is your place! If I'm ever in Krakow again (which I hope to go back someday) this is EXACTLY where I would stay again!
We were 14 people coming from Hamburg staying in two connected apartments, so it felt like 1, making our stay in Krakow unforgettable. Both apartments were very nicely furnished, perfectly prepared for our arrival and overall stay. You sense the 'old Krakow' in a modern style.
The location is amazing; max. 10min walk to the centre, you are in a very secure part of the city, yet so close to its vibrant attractions. Everything you need is around you: 24h grocery store, ATM, pharmacies, bakeries, restaurants.
Beata is very communicative and responsive to all your requests and questions. She also organised taxi waiting for us perfectly on time while Andrzej waited in the apartment to quickly get the formalities out of the way so we could enjoy the city. They will accommodate you very well.
We are already planning the trip back!
Ela & the Hamburg gang
Just stayed Thursday to Sunday. I booked both apartments as we had aparty of 8 travelling. Can only say great things about them. Great location, a short walk from the main sq and has everything like shops, bars, restaurants around it.
The apartments themselves were excellent. Big, comfy, everything you need, plenty of rooms and beds for everyone to spread out so no arguments
The owner and her representative Andrzej couldn't be more helpful and I had a lot of contact before travelling asking for advice and they also booked our party a airport transfer and also booked a taxi to take us to Auschwitz for the day.
I will definaitley recomend Krakow and these apartment to friends and family.
Our party of three (My wife and myself and my 81 year old sister) arrived in Krakow for a nine day stay after visiting Warsaw. Beata had arranged for a taxi to pick us up at the airport which was most appreciated. We were met at the building door by the building manager and shown to Apartment 2 which is smaller than Apartment 1 but the two bedrooms, living room and kitchen were totally adequate for our needs. The most welcome features were the close proximity to the grocery store (2 minute walk) and to the Market Square (10 minute walk) loaded with shops which my wife and sister were most happy to assist the local economy. The restaurants to/from our walks to Market Square were excellent. There was a list of places that prior guests had eaten at and I think we tried most of them. My favorite was Mamma Mia's whcih for Italian cuisine could not be topped. The food and wine selection were more than adequate and very reasonably priced. (As I recall dinner for the three of us, including wine, was less than $40 US. )
We purchased some refreshments at the local markets and enjoyed just sitting back, kicking our shoes off, and taking it easy with a good book on several evenings.
During the first few days in Krakow we had the pleasure of having Beata staying in Apartment 1 while she was visting Krakow. This was most appreceiated as she was able to personally handle the repair of a fan in the bathroom which freed us up to go shopping, continue to eat too much, (The restaurants are once again to be appreciated.), and enjoy the walking around the area.
Having the police station accross the street provided a nice sense of security although with the friendliness of the Polish people it wasn't needed.
Would definitely recommend it for anyone that wanted an excellent place to stay that was economical and close to the Market Square. We did not have a car and one was not needed as almost everything we wanted to see was within walking distance. We took tours to the salt mine and to see the Black Madonna where the guide provided transportation.
Our apartments are located in a quiet, residential street in the centre of Old Town in Krakow. On the way to the Market Square you will find an array of restaurants, cafes, bars and boutiques. You do not need a car in Krakow - you can get everywhere on foot or by tram. Market Square is about 10 min walk away from the apartment.
Wawel Castle and the famous Jewish Quarter - Kazimierz- are a short tram ride away. The tram stop is just round the corner on Karmelicka street. In Kazimierz you will be also spoilt for choice with all the sights, restaurants, bars and nightlife. Kazimierz is one of the favourite destinations for locals and visitors alike.
You can do all your food & drink shopping locally.
Just around the corner, there's a supermarket, called Kefirek, opened 24hrs; you can buy all the necessary ingredients for a meal at home if you don't feeling like going out.
If you plan to visit Aushwitz or go to see a famous salt mine in Wieliczka, we will be happy to help you organize your transport or advise you how to get there by yourself.
Ski: One of the most often visited places to go for skiing nearby Krakow is Zakopane. There is a good selection of ski slopes there for all levels of skiers.
Our biggest discovery was a ski slope 20 min away from Krakow called Podstolice, near Wieliczka. The slope is for beginners/ intermediate skiers. There is a ski hire and a restaurant just next to the slope.


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Key Investment Services > Employee Stock Options
Employee Stock Options
Stock options are a form of compensation given to employees from his or her company. Stock options provide the employee the opportunity to purchase stock in the future at a specific price. Benefits for employees include the opportunity to share in the company's success and purchase company stock with no risk of personal capital.
Two Types of Stock Options
Strategies To Consider When Exercising Stock Options
Cashless Exercise and Sell Stock — By exercising your stock options and immediately selling the optioned shares, you do not have to use personal funds to execute the transaction. The option cost, applicable taxes, and applicable fees are subtracted from your sale proceeds and you will receive the net amount in cash.
Cashless Exercise and Hold Stock (a.k.a. Sell To Cover) — This strategy allows you to sell just enough shares to cover costs while retaining the remaining shares to become a shareholder in the company.
Cash Exercise — You can elect to exercise your stock options and retain the shares. You would be responsible for paying the option cost and applicable taxes, and then your employer would deliver the optioned shares to you. You would then have the same benefits as other shareholders.
Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted Stock Awards are a form of compensation given to employees from their company. An employee's right to the Restricted Stock Awards are limited until the shares "vest" and cease to be subject to the restrictions. Typically, the employee may not sell or transfer the shares of stock until they are vested. Once the shares are vested, an employee will own the shares outright and may treat them as any other share of common stock.
Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs)
Stock appreciation rights are designed to provide employees with the benefits of stock ownership without any actual transfer of stock occurring. A SAR is a grant to an employee giving the employee the right, at some specific time in the future, to receive a cash award equal to the appreciation in value of a certain number of shares of company stock. SARs are similar to stock options but differ in several respects. Exercising stock options requires the employee to purchase the underlying stock at the grant price, SARs require no cash outlay from the employee, giving the employee only the appreciation in value of the stock. If structured properly, there are generally no tax consequences to the company or employee upon the grant of a SAR. Tax recognition by the employee is generally deferred until the employee receives the value of the award. The employee may be responsible for any tax consequences that result in the exercise of these shares.
Investment products are offered through Key Investment Services LLC (KIS), member FINRA/SIPC. Insurance products are offered through KeyCorp Insurance Agency USA, Inc. (KIA). KIS and KIA are affiliated with KeyBank National Association (KeyBank). Investment and insurance products made available through KIS and KIA are:
KIS, KIA and KeyBank are separate entities, and when you buy or sell securities and insurance products you are doing business with KIS and/or KIA, and not KeyBank.

subset: commoncrawl


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When three Indiana University of Pennsylvania students lost their house and all of their belongings a week ago today in an early-morning fire on Locust Street in Indiana Borough, friends were quick to lend a helping hand.
Fellow IUP students Ashley Warren, Gina Murdock, Josh Marshall, Luke Lundberg, Kelsey McDade and Amber Leddon, some of whom live next door to the fire victims, almost immediately started organizing what would turn out to be one of the biggest "house parties" IUP may have seen — all for a good cause.
"We couldn't believe that our friend's house burned down," Murdock said. "We thought, what could we do to help?"
Next they knew, they were out walking the streets of Indiana, asking for donations and getting the word out for the party they were going to throw at their house on Saturday.
Al Patti's, The Ironwood Grill, Fox's Pizza, Tres Amigos, Sheetz, The Coney, Giant Eagle Express, Giant Eagle, Holiday Distributors, Spaghetti Benders and Chappy's Place all contributed what they could to the cause — gift cards, T-shirts, bracelets to sell, cases of water and clothing.
Planning for the "party with a twist," as Lundberg called it, was rushed, with just two days to spare before the event, but with a team effort they pulled together and accomplished many tasks. In order to get the word out, the group posted messages all over Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
"It couldn't have been a one-person job," Marshall said. "We were all on the phone at the same time doing different things."
The party, which they called "IUP Nation Unite," brought in a crowd of about a hundred people, according to Lundberg, and raised more than $1,100 for the three fire victims.
"We asked everyone attending the party to bring a donation of $5 and any items they had that could help, like perishables, toiletries and clothing," Lundberg said. "Before we knew it, our 'house party' was a complete success."
"We would really like to acknowledge all of the Indiana and IUP community, friends, businesses, who helped," he said.
A major role-player in the event, Lundberg said, was fellow student Devon Beer, who gave fire victim and musician Matt Toland his own guitar after Toland's was destroyed, and fire victim Dustin Beck a new hockey jersey. In addition, Lundberg said, he spent the whole day managing the event and donation of money.
Since the fire destroyed the home, victims Toland, Beck and Shawn Haines are staying with family and friends.
"We're still getting stuff," Lundberg said. "Random people are dropping stuff off, just stopping by to bring things."
Lundberg also said that, at the party, people were not hesitant to donate more than the requested $5.
"That's one good thing about a small town," Lundberg said. "Everyone wants to contribute and help out."
By using the party as a way to raise money for their friends, Lundberg said, they were bringing light to a traumatizing situation. The event created a positive experience in a terrible situation.
After mentioning that it seemed as if IUP students get a bad "rep" for their partying, Marshall said "we can party for a good cause."
"When times get rough, people can always come together and handle the situation," Lundberg said. "Even if they are a bunch of broke college kids."


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Create a free account to check out faster, store multiple shipping addresses, view and track your orders in your account, and much more.
Please enter your password to continue.
The longtime choice of celebs, this dry shampoo has been praised for its versatility as a grease buster, volumizer, and waterless cleanser. Made with softening oat milk extracts, plus corn and rice starches, the ultrafine powder spray leaves nary a trace of residue behind. It not only soaks up oil and sweat from your roots but also helps revive second day hair, amp up volume, extend the life of blowouts, and add texture when you're trying to perfect a tricky updo.


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RAPID RAT: Grant Rivers in action in the River Rat IV funnycar at Meremere. He'll be up against some tough opposition from son Adrian in an Outlaw class supercharged dragster. PHOTO/POPEYE PICS
YOUNG GUN: Adrian Rivers will be piloting this dragster along Taupo Quay tomorrow after success at Taupo last weekend.
Drag racing
Tearing strips off a 200m stretch of a Wanganui inner-city street has been happening for 26 years and tomorrow some seriously powerful vehicles will be doing it all over again at the Wanganui Road Rodders annual street drags.
The club is closing off a section of Taupo Quay for the 27th annual running of the drags, using the road between from the Suzuki NZ headquarters on the corner of Taupo Quay and Heads Rd for a distance of 200m.
The speed machines will be doing their thing from 9am to 3pm.
One of the attractions at the Penrite Oil-sponsored drags will be the battle for speed between father and son, Grant and Adrian Rivers.
Father Grant will be driving the Rivers-Rowan Pontiac funnycar "River Rat IV". With more than 2500hp on tap, it can cover the standing quarter mile of a dragstrip in a touch over 6 seconds, reaching a speed in excess of 320km/h. While River Rat will push out incredible noise and power, there will be some stern opposition coming from Adrian Rivers, who is piloting the Blu's Brothers dragster.
The young Rivers is fresh from victory at the Taupo dragstrip last weekend, taking out the premier supercharged Outlaws class.
He advanced through a strong field to win the final in 7.3s, reaching a top speed of 300km/h.
Organisers of the street drags have attracted some of the fastest hot rods, muscle cars, imports and bikes to the city for tomorrow's event.
They include Dean Scott's supercharged Holden ute, Raj Patel's XW Falcon and Aaron Jackson's Holden Torana with its new 8 litre Chevy engine.
Entry cost $10 for adults, $5 for children and $25 for a family pass. Children under 5 are free.
Spectators are well catered for but parents are reminded to bring ear protection for the kids.


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This is a discussion on Snapshot of the day within the Member Show-Off & Photography forums, part of the Community - Meet other Enthusiasts category; Awesome!...
~ Retired Blobeye Syndicate #063 ~
2011 Ford F-150 ECOBOOST 4x4
Those are some wicked cool shots!
~ Retired Blobeye Syndicate #063 ~
2011 Ford F-150 ECOBOOST 4x4
That first one is amazing!! What is lighting up the sky in the background?
Moderator for all public forums
ScoobyDMC #003 Blobeye Syndicate #10
2004 WRX Sedan PSM 5MT Tactrix Stage 2+ Blouch TD04 19T @ 21 psi
Mods & Pics
it was taken at the top of the pass last night about 1am
i think that's the nearest town about 40 miles away that's lighting up the sky but i'm not quite sure
i drove back and forth for miles and there was only a small stretch where it was that visible.
i'm stopped in the middle of the road for that pic, and the whole road is a 1" thick sheet of ice
it was a really cool atmosphere
Last edited by $lick Rick; 11-12-2006 at 11:21 AM.
Spectacular, $lick Rick!!!
Grandfather of the Bugeye Mafia
2013 Subaru BRZ Limited
2002 Subaru WRX Bugeyebrid Wagon -- SOLD
2002 Subaru WRX Sedan -- SOLD
Drunk businessmen on the Metro.
Approximately 1pm, Tokyo
"I don't think he knows how to give up. His mind and machine are racing as one." -Takahashi Ryosuke
HDR Nashville Nights
Walking Bridge in Nashville
SOLD: 2004 WR Blue WRX
SOLD:2006 WR Blue Wrx - Perrin 25mm Front Sway + 22mm Rear Adjustable Sway and Kartboy Endlinks - Nitto Invo 225/45/17 - Opensource STG One.
CURRENT: 2006 Legacy GT Limited - STOCK (for now)
I like that first one Rick
My attempt at a panorama
Wheel Painting Guide
Bugeye Mafia Mbr #86 Takin it to da matresses.....
Kennett Fire Company No. 1 Station 24


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Irish Say Some EU States Seek to Delay Basel III Implementation
A group of European Union nations are seeking to delay the bloc's application of Basel bank capital rules beyond the start of 2014 on concerns that they need to more time to prepare, according to a document published on the EU's website.
Ireland, which holds the rotating presidency of the EU, has said that it is targeting a Jan. 1, 2014, start date for the measures provided they can be published in the EU's Official Journal by July 1.
"A number of delegations maintain their reservations and indicate that under any circumstances 12 months would be needed between publication in the Official Journal and the date of application/transposition," according to the document, drawn up by the Irish presidency, and dated March 2. The document does not name the countries involved.
EU finance ministers are meeting today in Brussels to debate a draft deal on the rules reached last week between Ireland and lawmakers in the European Parliament. The measures, known as Basel III, would more than triple the core capital lenders must hold to protect themselves from losses.
To contact the reporter on this story: Jim Brunsden in Brussels at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Anthony Aarons at email@example.com


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Having vegetables planted in my yard may be one of my favorite things about summer. To me, nothing beats a meal of fresh tomato, basil and cucumber salad, grilled piece of meat or fish and a cold beer on a summer night. It's absolutely perfect.
You can imagine how excited I was to get my veggie garden in this year. With our new raised beds installed, I was willing to give our side yard one last chance as a real vegetable garden. The first attempt failed miserably, but I hoped with a bit more organization and patience, it would be successful this time.
Early spring I added manure and other nutrients to the soil to prep it. Then, I figured out exactly what I wanted to plant with a quick sketch on graph paper.
A couple of weekends ago with all my plants and seeds ready, I marked out my beds in square foot increments. Then everything was laid out according to my sketch before I planted. It's hard for me to gauge how big all the plants get, so this method works best for me.
I made up some wine cork markers for each plant that I stuck into the bed as soon as I planted. This way I made sure to know where to watch for seedlings to emerge.
Here's the full rundown of what veg and herbs I planted this year.
I bought plants for the varieties that wanted to give a head start.
- Yellow Pear Tomato
- Thai Basil
- Globe Spicy Basil
- Orange Bell Pepper
- Black Beauty Zucchini
- Chinese Eggplant
- Mystery Medium Tomato (given to me by a neighbor)
The rest were planted as seeds because they are quick-growing or are better planted as seeds like the bush bean.
- Italian Arugula
- Pot of Gold Chard
- Bull's Blood and Golden Beets
- Pink Punch and Crimson Crunch Radishes
- Salad Leaf Basil
- Bush Beans
- Scallions
- Red Leaf Lettuce
So far the beans, chard, beets, radishes and basil have come up with starts. If the others don't appear soon, I'll replant with some other seeds.
I also planted a few more pots in the backyard near the pool. These tall planters are great for tomatoes so another mystery medium red and a new variety called Indigo Rose that my mom gave me were planted. (Yes, that's a total of four tomato plants. We really like fresh tomatoes.)
In the teal pots, I added another eggplant and a cucumber bred for porch gardens. Nasturtiums and alyssum seed should also be spouting soon. I hope they will give the pots some much-needed color.
And with all that, Nate and I are pretty set. We should have plenty of produce for the summer. I am so stoked.
Since the planting, I have been watering daily and so far the side yard is going strong. So fingers crossed it will continue. Next up on the veg gardens is to install an irrigation system, tomato cages and other supports and mulch hopefully this weekend.
Please excuse my dark murky photos. I am having a lot of trouble taking photos of the yard. The lighting is so bright! Hopefully I'll figure out the proper setting soon.


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"This product was amazing when it arrived! Exceeded all expectations. My only complaint is that I wish I would have chosen GLOSS when I made the order! Aside from that, this was as expected! I purchased it so people could use it as a "picture" for their wallet with multiple images captured from my son's birthday party."
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I am looking to do cheek implants in NY soon , but still searching for a experienced MD with pictures to show me some cheekbones implants that he had done .Also, any price range , please ? Thanks
Cheekbone implants in NY with a experienced Doctor?
Doctor Answers 4
Cheek Implants
Cheek implants are pretty straightfoward to put in. A small incision is made under the upper lip and a preselected shape is put on the malar bone. There are cheek implants that adhere to the bone so typically no screws are used. Cheek implants are made of several material but the most common is silicone. They are permanent unlike injectible fillers. They are also easily removed if you don't like them or they get infected. The risk of complications is low <1% in good hands. The cost is around $4500. Before and afters can be seen at my office. Most cheek implant patients choose not to be on websites.
Web reference: http://www.facechange.org
Cheek implants can yield great results, but I often suggest fillers first
Cheek implants are permanent, inserted in a surgical procedure and require one week or more of healing. With all the new fillers, we can augment cheeks and have results last up to 2 years. Fillers are done in an exam chair and you are back to work the next day. I also like to try fillers first to determine exactly how much augmentation you are looking for.
Seeking Cheeks in New York
You might also like...
cheek implant procedure
Web reference: http://www.chincheekimplantsseattle.com/
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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You are here: Home > Services > Family and Children's Services > Child care
There are a number of child care options for families who live and work in Yarra.
Council operates four child care centres, located in Collingwood, North Carlton and Richmond. Council also provides occasional care at the Richmond Recreation Centre, Collingwood Leisure Centre, Fitzroy Swimming Pool and Connie Benn Centre.
To register your child for a place in one of Council's child care centres, please complete a Central Registration Application Form.
64 Gold Street, Collingwood9205 5576
Gold Street Children's Centre offers a range of educational programs for children aged from three months to school age.
Ages: 3 months to school ageHours: 7.30am – 6pm Fees: $113.50 dailyLanguages: Vietnamese, Cantonese, Mandarin, Polish
171 Keele Street, Collingwood8415 0970
Keele Street offers a range of educational programs for children aged from three months to three and half years. Children can access the Gold Street Children's Centre Kindergarten program.
Ages: 3 months to 3.5 yearsHours: 7.30am – 6pmFees: $113.50 dailyLanguages: Somali, Vietnamese, Cantonese, Mandarin
481 Canning Street, North Carlton9274 2710
The North Carlton Children's Centre offers long day care, a three year old sessional program and a four year old funded kindergarten program. Ages: 3 months to 5 yearsHours: 7.45am – 6.15pmFees: $113.50 daily Languages: Egyptian, Bengal, Somali, Vietnamese, Fijian, Greek.
4 River Street, Richmond9428 0707
Yarraberg Children's Centre provides three play rooms, including a funded kindergarten program. Ages: 3 months to 6 yearsHours: 7.15am – 6pmFees: $113.50 dailyLanguages: Italian, Greek, Hakka, Cantonese, Hebrew, Arabic, Vietnamese
160 Brunswick Street, Fitzroy 9426 1500
The Connie Benn Centre offers long day care and a four year old kindergarten program. Ages: 3 months to 6 yearsHours: 7.30am – 6pm
Richmond Recreation Centre Gleadell Street, Richmond 9205 5032Hours:Monday – FridaySession one: 9am – 10.30amSession two: 10.30am – 12pm Casual $5.80, Concession $2.70
Collingwood Leisure CentreCorner Turnbull Street and Hoddle Street, Clifton Hill9205 5522
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Patent application title: Lubricating Oil Compositions
Benjamin R. Elvidge (Oxford, GB)
Aleka Hinni (Oxford, GB)
Jonathan Dilworth (Oxford, GB)
IPC8 Class: AC10M13328FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Internal-combustion engines miscellaneous fuels, lubricants and additives
Publication date: 2010-09-30
Patent application number: 20100242887
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Patent application title: Lubricating Oil Compositions
Benjamin R. Elvidge
Aleka Hinni
Jonathan Dilworth
Origin: LINDEN, NJ US
IPC8 Class: AC10M13328FI
USPC Class:
Publication date: 09/30/2010
Patent application number: 20100242887
A composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity in a
concentrate-forming or major amount; and, as an additive component, an
oil-soluble or oil dispersible mononuclear molybdenum compound having a
molybdenum atom having bonded thereto one or more diazenide ligands and
one or more hydrocarbyl group-carrying ligands, other than diazenide
ligands, the hydrocarbyl groups conferring oil-solubility or
oil-dispersibility on the molybdenum compound.
1. A composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and, as an
additive, an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible mononuclear molybdenum
compound comprising molybdenum and bonded thereto, one or more diazenide
ligands and one or more hydrocarbyl group-carrying ligands, other than
diazenide ligands, the hydrocarbyl group(s) conferring oil-solubility or
oil-dispersibility properties on the molybdenum compound.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the molybdenum is in the oxidation state +4.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mononuclear molybdenum compound is represented by the general formula Mo(Q)m(L)n where Q is the diazenide ligand;M is 1, 2 or 3;L is the ligand other than diazenide;n is 1, 2 or 3; andm+n is 4.
4. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein each, or the, diazenide ligand has the formula --N═N--R3 where R3 is a substituent that contains atoms selected from C, H, N, O and halogen.
5. A composition as claimed in claim 4 wherein R3 is a methyl group.
6. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein each, or the, said different ligand has the formula: ##STR00006## where each of X, X1, X2 and Y is independently oxygen or sulfur and each of R, R1 and R2 independently ndependently a hydrogen atom or an organo group.
7. A composition as claimed in claim 6 wherein each, or the, said different ligand is independently dialkyldithiophosphate, thioxanthate, dialkylphosphate, dialkyldithiocarbamate, dialkylthiophosphate and xanthate, preferably dialkyldithiocarbamate.
8. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the molybdenum compound comprises one diazenide ligand and three said other ligands.
9. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in a concentrate-forming amount.
10. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in a major amount whereby the composition is a lubricating oil composition.
11. A composition as claimed in claim 10 wherein the molybdenum composition provides the lubricating oil composition with 10 to 2000 ppm by mass of molybdenum atoms based on the weight of the composition.
12. A composition as claimed in claim 10 comprising one or more additives, different from the molybdenum compound, selected from dispersants, metal detergents, corrosion inhibitors, anti-oxidants, anti-wear agents, friction modifiers, antifoamants and viscosity modifiers.
13. A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising operating the engine and treating moving parts thereof with a lubricating oil composition as claimed in claim 10.
14. A crankcase lubricating oil composition for conferring friction reduction and/or anti-oxidancy properties comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity in a major proportion and, as an additive, an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible mononuclear molybdenum compound comprising molybdenum and bonded thereto, one or more diazenide ligands and one or more hydrocarbyl group-carrying ligands, other than diazenide ligands, the hydrocarbyl group(s) conferring oil-solubility or oil-dispersibility properties on the molybdenum compound.
[0001]This invention relates to automotive lubricating oil compositions, more especially to compositions suitable for use in piston engine, especially gasoline (spark-ignited) and diesel (compression-ignited), crankcase lubrication, such compositions being referred to as crankcase lubricants; and to use of additives in friction modification and/or antioxidancy. The invention also concerns use of molybdenum-based additives as friction modifiers and/or antioxidants in automotive lubrication.
[0002]A crankcase lubricant is an oil used for general lubrication in an engine where an oil sump is situated below the crankshaft of the engine and to which circulated oil returns. It is well known to include additives in crankcase lubricants for several purposes. Friction modifiers, also referred to as friction-reducing agents, may be boundary additives that operate by lowering friction coefficient and hence improve fuel economy.
[0003]Examples of friction modifiers are inorganic friction modifiers in the form of oil-soluble molybdenum compounds, which have been and are used commercially.
[0004]Such molybdenum compounds may, for example, be mononuclear, dinuclear or trinuclear according to the number of molybdenum atoms in the molecules of the compounds. The art describes mononuclear molybdenum compounds (sometimes referred to as complexes) and their use in lubricating oil compositions. For example, reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,829; U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,647; WO-A-2008/092944; WO-A-2008/092945; and WO-A-2008/113814 ('814). All but one of these references describe mononuclear molybdenum compounds where the molybdenum has an oxidation state of greater than +4; '814 is the exception in describing mononuclear molybdenum compounds where the molybdenum has an oxidation state of +4.
[0005]'814's molybdenum compounds have the potential energetic advantage of bearing molybdenum in the same oxidation state as MoS2, which is believed to be the species, derived from the complex in use, responsible for the observed beneficial properties of molybdenum complexes in lubricating oil compositions. However, '814's molybdenum compounds contain eight atoms of sulfur per molecule, as seen in General Formula (I) in '814. Modern requirements are to reduce sulfur levels in lubricating oil compositions.
[0006]This invention meets the above-mentioned problem by employing one or more sulfur-free ligands in mononuclear molybdenum complexes, namely diazenides. Diazenides have not hitherto been reported as ligands in lubricating oil additives. It is also found that diazenide ligands may be tailored in the sense of varying their substitution to control performance properties.
[0007]In a first aspect, the invention is a composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and, as an additive, an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible mononuclear molybdenum compound comprising molybdenum, and bonded thereto, one or more diazenide ligands and one or more hydrocarbyl group-carrying ligands, other than diazenide ligands, the hydrocarbyl group(s) conferring oil-solubility or oil-dispersibility properties on the molybdenum compound.
[0008]In a second aspect, the invention is the use of the molybdenum compound to confer friction reduction and/or anti-oxidancy properties on a lubricating oil composition.
[0009]In a third aspect, the invention is a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising operating the engine and treating moving parts thereof with the lubricating oil composition.
[0010]In this specification, the following words and expressions, if and when used, have the meanings ascribed below, unless otherwise stated: [0011]"active ingredient" or "(a.i.)" refers to additive material that is not diluent or solvent; [0012]"comprising" or any cognate word specifies the presence of stated features, steps, or integers or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, integers, components or groups thereof. The expressions "consists of" or "consists essentially of" or cognates may be embraced within "comprises" or cognates, wherein "consists essentially of" permits inclusion of substances not materially affecting the characteristics of the composition to which it applies; [0013]"hydrocarbyl" means a chemical group of a compound that contains hydrogen and carbon atoms and that is bonded to the remainder of the compound directly via a carbon atom. The group may contain one or more atoms other than carbon and hydrogen ("hetero atoms") provided they do not affect the essentially hydrocarbyl nature of the group; [0014]"major amount" means in excess of 50 mass % of a composition; [0015]"minor amount" means less than 50 mass % of a composition; phosphorus content is measured by ASTM D5185; and molybdenum content is measured by ASTM D5185.
[0016]Also, it will be understood that various components used, essential as well as optimal and customary, may react under conditions of formulation, storage or use and that the invention also provides the product obtainable or obtained as a result of any such reaction.
[0017]Further, it is understood that any upper and lower quantity, range and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently combined.
[0018]The features of the invention relating, where appropriate, to each and all aspects of the invention, will now be described in more detail as follows:
Oil of Lubricating Viscosity
[0019]The oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as "base stock" or "base oil") is the primary liquid constituent of a lubricant, into which additives and possibly other oils are blended, for example to produce a final lubricant (or lubricant composition).
[0020]A base oil is useful for making concentrates as well as for making lubricating oil compositions therefrom, and may be selected from natural (vegetable, animal or mineral) and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof. It may range in viscosity from light distillate mineral oils to heavy lubricating oils such as gas engine oil, mineral lubricating oil, motor vehicle oil and heavy duty diesel oil. Generally the viscosity of the oil ranges from 2 to 30, especially 5 to 20, mm2s-1 at 100° C.
[0021]Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils (e.g. castor and lard oil), liquid petroleum oils and hydrorefined, solvent-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils.
[0022]Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g. polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes)); alkylbenzenes (e.g. dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes,
di(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes); polyphenols (e.g. biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogues and homologues thereof.
[0023]Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils comprises the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g. phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkylmalonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids) with a variety of alcohols (e.g. butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol). Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
[0024]Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C5 to C12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols, and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol.
[0025]Unrefined, refined and re-refined oils can be used in the compositions of the present invention. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment. For example, a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques, such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration and percolation are known to those skilled in the art. Re-refined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have already been used in service. Such re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and are often additionally processed by techniques for approval of spent additive and oil breakdown products.
[0026]Other examples of base oil are gas-to-liquid ("GTL") base oils, i.e. the base oil may be an oil derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesised hydrocarbons made from synthesis gas containing H2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. These hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to be useful as a base oil. For example, they may, by methods known in the art, be hydroisomerized; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized; dewaxed; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed.
[0027]Base oil may be categorised in Groups I to V according to the API EOLCS 1509 definition.
[0028]When the oil of lubricating viscosity is used to make a concentrate, it is present in a concentrate-forming amount (e.g., from 30 to 70, such as 40 to 60, mass %) to give a concentrate containing for example 1 to 90, such as 10 to 80, preferably 20 to 80, more preferably 20 to 70, mass % active ingredient of the additive, optionally with one or more co-additives. The oil of lubricating viscosity used in a concentrate is a suitable oleaginous, typically hydrocarbon, carrier fluid, e.g. mineral lubricating oil, or other suitable solvent. Oils of lubricating viscosity such as described herein, as well as aliphatic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons, are examples of suitable carrier fluids for concentrates.
[0029]Concentrates constitute a convenient means of handling additives before their use, as well as facilitating solution or dispersion of additives in lubricating oil compositions. When preparing a lubricating oil composition that contains more than one type of additive (sometime referred to as "additive components"), each additive may be incorporated separately, each in the form of a concentrate. In many instances, however, it is convenient to provide a so-called additive "package" (also referred to as an "adpack") comprising one or more co-additives, such as described hereinafter, in a single concentrate.
[0030]In the present invention, the oil of lubricating viscosity may be provided in a major amount in combination with a minor amount of the molybdenum compound and, if necessary, one or more co-additives, such as described hereinafter, constituting a lubricating oil composition. This preparation may be accomplished by adding the additive directly to the oil or by adding it in the form of a concentrate thereof to disperse or dissolve the additive. Additives may be added to the oil by any method known to those skilled in the art, either before, at the same time as, or after addition of other additives.
[0031]The terms "oil-soluble" or "oil-dispersible", or cognate terms, used herein do not necessarily indicate that the compounds or additives are soluble, dissolvable, miscible, or are capable of being suspended in the oil in all proportions. These do mean, however, that they are, for example, soluble or stably dispersible in oil to an extent sufficient to exert their intended effect in the environment in which the oil is employed. Moreover, the additional incorporation of other additives may permit incorporation of higher levels of a particular additive, if desired.
[0032]The lubricating oil compositions of the invention may be used to lubricate mechanical engine components, particularly in internal combustion engines, e.g. spark-ignited or compression-ignited two- or four-stroke reciprocating engines, by adding the composition thereto. Preferably, they are crankcase lubricants.
[0033]The lubricating oil compositions of the invention (and also concentrates) comprise defined components that may or may not remain the same chemically before and after mixing with an oleaginous carrier. This invention encompasses compositions which comprise the defined components before mixing, or after mixing, or both before and after mixing.
[0034]When concentrates are used to make the lubricating oil compositions, they may for example be diluted with 3 to 100, e.g. 5 to 40, parts by mass of oil of lubricating viscosity per part by mass of the concentrate.
[0035]When the invention is a lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, the composition may have low levels of one or more of sulfated ash, phosphorus or sulfur. Thus, the composition may, for example, contain up to 1.2, preferably up to 1.0, mass % of sulfated ash, based on the total mass of the composition. It may, for example, contain up to 0.1, preferably up to 0.08, more preferably up to 0.06, mass % of phosphorus, expressed as atoms of phosphorus, based on the total mass of the composition. It may, for example, contain up to 0.4, preferably up to 0.2, mass % of sulfur expressed as atoms of sulfur, based on the total mass of the composition.
Mononuclear Molybdenum Compounds
[0036]Preferably, the molybdenum is in the +4 oxidation state, though the presence of molybdenum in other oxidation states such as +5 and +6 is not precluded when the molybdenum is in the +4 oxidation state.
[0037]The or each diazenide ligand of the compound may have the formula --N═N--R3 where R3 is a substituent that contains atoms selected from C, H, N, O and halogen. R3 may be a hydrocarbyl group, such as alkyl, containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably methyl. Also, R3 may be a phenyl group or a benzoyl group, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl groups or with substituents that contain atoms selected from C, H, N, O and halogen. As examples of such substituents, which may for example be para substituents, there may be mentioned alkoxy groups, such as methoxy, and trifluoromethyl.
[0038]As other examples of R3, there may be mentioned naphthoyl (e.g. 2-naphthoyl) and quinolyl (e.g. 2-quinolyl), which may optionally be substituted with substituents such as mentioned above.
The, or each, ligand other than a diazenide ligand may be independently selected from the group of
and mixtures thereof, wherein X, X1, X2, and Y are independently selected from the group of oxygen and sulfur, and wherein R1, R2, and R are independently selected from hydrogen and organo groups that may be the same or different. Preferably the organo groups are hydrocarbyl groups such as alkyl (e.g., in which the carbon atom attached to the remainder of the ligand is primary or secondary), aryl, substituted aryl and ether groups. More preferably, each ligand has the same hydrocarbyl group.
[0039]"Hydrocarbyl" substituents include the following: [0040]1. Hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (for example alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (for example cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl) substituents, aromatic-, aliphatic- and alicyclic-substituted aromatic nuclei and the like, as well a cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the ligand (that is, any two indicated substituents may together form an alicyclic group). [0041]2. Substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, those containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbyl character of the substituent. Those skilled in the art will be aware of suitable groups (e.g., halo, especially chloro and fluoro, amino, alkoxyl, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso and sulfoxy). [0042]3. Hetero substituents, that is, substituents which, while predominantly hydrocarbon in character within the context of this invention, contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
[0043]Importantly, the organo groups of the ligands have a sufficient number of carbon atoms to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the oil. For example, the number of carbon atoms in each group generally range between 1 to 100, preferably from 1 to 30, and more preferably between 4 to 20. Preferred ligands include dialkyldithiophosphate, alkylxanthate, and dialkyldithiocarbamate, and of these dialkyldithiocarbamate is more preferred. Organic ligands containing two or more of the above functionalities are also capable of serving as ligands. Those skilled in the art will realize that formation of the compounds of the present invention requires selection of ligands having the appropriate charge to balance the molybdenum charge.
[0044]The mononuclear molybdenum compounds may, for example, be represented by the general formula Mo(Q)m(L)n
[0045]where Q is the diazenide ligand; [0046]m is 1, 2 or 3; [0047]L is the ligand other than a diazenide ligand, preferably dithiocarbamate; [0048]n is 1, 2, or 3; and [0049]m+n is 4
[0050]Preferably, m is 1 and n is 3. The compounds may be in the form of mixtures.
[0051]Conveniently, mononuclear Mo(IV) diazenide compounds of the invention may be made by causing a molybdenum (VI) salt such as MoO2(acac)2 to react with an appropriate salt of the other ligand(s) and with hydrazine or a substituted hydrazine, such as in methanol under reflux. "acac" is acetylacetonate.
[0052]The molybdenum compounds may be present in a lubricating oil composition at a concentration in the range 0.1 to 2 mass %, or providing at least 10, such as 50 to 2,000, ppm by mass of molybdenum atoms.
[0053]Preferably, the molybdenum from the molybdenum compound provides from 10 to 1500, such as 20 to 1000, more preferably 30 to 750, ppm by mass of molybdenum atoms based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. For some applications, the molybdenum may be present in an amount of greater than 500 ppm.
[0054]Co-additives, with representative effective amounts, that may also be present, different from the molybdenum compound, are listed below. All the values listed are stated as mass percent active ingredient.
TABLE-US-00001 Mass % Mass % Additive (Broad) (Preferred) Ashless Dispersant 0.1-20 1-8 Metal Detergents 0.1-15 0.2-9 Corrosion Inhibitor 0-5 0-1.5 Metal Dihydrocarbyl Dithiophosphate 0-10 0-4 Anti-Oxidants 0-5 0.01-3 Pour Point Depressant 0.01-5 0.01-1.5 Anti-Foaming Agent 0-5 0.001-0.15 Supplement Anti-Wear Agents 0-5 0-2 Viscosity Modifier.sup.(1) 0-6 0.01-4 Mineral or Synthetic Base Oil Balance Balance .sup.(1)Viscosity modifiers are used only in multi-graded oils.
[0055]The final lubricating oil composition, typically made by blending the or each additive into the base oil, may contain from 5 to 25, preferably 5 to 18, typically 7 to 15, mass % of the concentrate, the remainder being oil of lubricating viscosity.
[0056]The above mentioned co-additives are discussed in further detail as follows; as is known in the art, some additives can provide a multiplicity of effects, for example, a single additive may act as a dispersant and as an oxidation inhibitor.
[0057]A dispersant is an additive whose primary function is to hold solid and liquid contaminations in suspension, thereby passivating them and reducing engine deposits at the same time as reducing sludge depositions. For example, a dispersant maintains in suspension oil-insoluble substances that result from oxidation during use of the lubricant, thus preventing sludge flocculation and precipitation or deposition on metal parts of the engine.
[0058]Dispersants are usually "ashless", that is non-metallic organic materials that form substantially no ash on combustion, in contrast to metal-containing, and hence ash-forming materials. Ashless dispersants comprise a long hydrocarbon chain with a polar head, the polarity being derived from inclusion of e.g. an O, P, or N atom. The hydrocarbon is an oleophilic group that confers oil-solubility, having, for example 40 to 500 carbon atoms. Thus, ashless dispersants may comprise an oil-soluble polymeric backbone.
[0059]A preferred class of olefin polymers is constituted by polybutenes, specifically polyisobutenes (PIB) or poly-n-butenes, such as may be prepared by polymerization of a C4 refinery stream.
[0060]Dispersants include, for example, derivatives of long chain hydrocarbon-substituted carboxylic acids, examples being derivatives of high molecular weight hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid. A noteworthy group of dispersants is constituted by hydrocarbon-substituted succinimides, made, for example, by reacting the above acids (or derivatives) with a nitrogen-containing compound, advantageously a polyalkylene polyamine, such as a polyethylene polyamine. Particularly preferred are the reaction products of polyalkylene polyamines with alkenyl succinic anhydrides, such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,202,678; 3,154,560; 3,172,892; 3,024,195; 3,024,237, 3,219,666; and 3,216,936, that may be post-treated to improve their properties, such as borated (as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,087,936 and 3,254,025) fluorinated and oxylated. For example, boration may be accomplished by treating an acyl nitrogen-containing dispersant with a boron compound selected from boron oxide, boron halides, boron acids and esters of boron acids.
[0061]A detergent is an additive that reduces formation of piston deposits, for example high-temperature varnish and lacquer deposits, in engines; it normally has acid-neutralising properties and is capable of keeping finely divided solids in suspension. Most detergents are based on metal "soaps", that is metal salts of acidic organic compounds.
[0062]Detergents generally comprise a polar head with a long hydrophobic tail, the polar head comprising a metal salt of an acidic organic compound. The salts may contain a substantially stoichiometric amount of the metal when they are usually described as normal or neutral salts and would typically have a total base number or TBN (as may be measured by ASTM D2896) of from 0 to 80. Large amounts of a metal base can be included by reacting an excess of a metal compound, such as an oxide or hydroxide, with an acidic gas such as carbon dioxide. The resulting overbased detergent comprises neutralised detergent as an outer layer of a metal base (e.g. carbonate) micelle. Such overbased detergents may have a TBN of 150 or greater, and typically of from 250 to 500 or more.
[0063]Detergents that may be used include oil-soluble neutral and overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, and naphthenates and other oil-soluble carboxylates of a metal, particularly the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and magnesium. The most commonly-used metals are calcium and magnesium, which may both be present in detergents used in a lubricant, and mixtures of calcium and/or magnesium with sodium. Particularly convenient metal detergents are neutral and overbased calcium sulfonates and sulfurized phenates having a TBN of from 50 to 450.
[0064]Anti-oxidants are sometimes referred to as oxidation inhibitors; they increase the resistance of the composition to oxidation and may work by combining with and modifying peroxides to render them harmless, by decomposing peroxides, or by rendering an oxidation catalyst inert. Oxidative deterioration can be evidenced by sludge in the lubricant, varnish-like deposits on the metal surfaces, and by viscosity growth.
[0065]They may be classified as radical scavengers (e.g. sterically-hindered phenols, secondary aromatic amines, and organo-copper salts); hydroperoxide decomposers (e.g., organosulphur and organophosphorus additives); and multifunctionals (e.g. zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates, which may also function as anti-wear additives, and organo-molybdenum compounds, which may also function as friction modifiers and anti-wear additives).
[0066]Examples of suitable antioxidants are selected from copper-containing antioxidants, sulphur-containing antioxidants, aromatic amine-containing antioxidants, hindered phenolic antioxidants, dithiophosphates derivatives, metal thiocarbamates, and molybdenum-containing compounds.
[0067]Dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metals salts are frequently used as antiwear and antioxidant agents. The metal may be an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or aluminium, lead, tin, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, nickel or copper. Zinc salts are most commonly used in lubricating oil such as in amounts of 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.2 to 2, mass %, based upon the total mass of the lubricating oil compositions. They may be prepared in accordance with known techniques by first forming a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid (DDPA), usually by reaction of one or more alcohols or a phenol with P2S5, and then neutralising the formed DDPA with a zinc compound. For example, a dithiophosphoric acid may be made by reaction with mixtures of primary and secondary alcohols. Alternatively, multiple dithiophosphoric acids can be prepared where the hydrocarbyl groups on one acid are entirely secondary and the hydrocarbyl groups on the other acids are entirely primary. To make the zinc salt, any basic or neutral zinc compound could be used but the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are most generally employed. Commercial additives frequently contain an excess of zinc due to use of an excess of the basic zinc compound in the neutralisation reaction.
[0068]Anti-wear agents reduce friction and excessive wear and are usually based on compounds containing sulphur or phosphorous or both, for example that are capable of depositing polysulfide films on the surfaces involved. Noteworthy are the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates, such as the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP's) discussed herein.
[0069]Examples of ashless anti-wear agents include 1,2,3-triazoles, benzotriazoles, thiadiazoles, sulfurised fatty acid esters, and dithiocarbamate derivatives.
[0070]Rust and corrosion inhibitors serve to protect surfaces against rust and/or corrosion. As rust inhibitors there may be mentioned non-ionic polyoxyalkylene polyols and esters thereof, polyoxyalkylene phenols, and anionic alkyl sulfonic acids.
[0071]Pour point depressants, otherwise known as lube oil flow improvers, lower the minimum temperature at which the oil will flow or can be poured. Such additives are well known. Typical of these additives are C8 to C18 dialkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers and polyalkylmethacrylates.
[0072]Additives of the polysiloxane type, for example silicone oil or polydimethyl siloxane, can provide foam control.
[0073]A small amount of a demulsifying component may be used. A preferred demulsifying component is described in EP-A-330,522. It may be obtained by reacting an alkylene oxide with an adduct obtained by reacting a bis-epoxide with a polyhydric alcohol. The demulsifier should be used at a level not exceeding 0.1 mass % active ingredient. A treat rate of 0.001 to 0.05 mass % active ingredient is convenient.
[0074]Viscosity modifiers (or viscosity index improvers) impart high and low temperature operability to a lubricating oil. Viscosity modifiers that also function as dispersants are also known and may be prepared as described above for ashless dispersants. In general, dispersant viscosity modifiers are functionalised polymers (e.g. interpolymers of ethylene-propylene post-grafted with an active monomer such as maleic anhydride) which are then derivatised with, for example, an alcohol or amine.
[0075]The lubricant may be formulated with or without a conventional viscosity modifier and with or without a dispersant viscosity modifier, Suitable compounds for use as viscosity modifiers are generally high molecular weight hydrocarbon polymers, including polyesters. Oil-soluble viscosity modifying polymers generally have weight average molecular weights of from 10,000 to 1,000,000, preferably 20,000 to 500,000, which may be determined by gel permeation chromatography or by light scattering.
[0076]The invention will now be particularly described in the following examples which are not intended to limit the scope of the claims hereof.
[0077]Molybdenum complex compounds for use in the invention were synthesised as follows:
Preparation of Precursors
[0078]Preparation of precursor material [MoO2(acac)2](A)
[0079][(NH4)6][Mo7O24].4H2O (5.00 g, 4.05 mmol) was dissolved in H2O (30 ml) and acetylacetone (6.65 mL, 64.70 mmol) was added dropwise. The pH was adjusted to 3.5 using 10% HNO3 whereby a solid began to precipitate. After 11/2 hours of vigorous stirring, the yellow MoO2(acac)2 (A) (acac=acetylacetonate) was isolated by filtration and washed with water. The product was recrystallized from a warm solution of 10% acetylacetone in ethanol (1.03 g, 3.16 mmol, 78%).
Preparation of precursor material [MoO2(Et2dtc)2](B)
[0080]A solution of Na[S2CN(C2H5)2].3H2O (2.50 g, 11.10 mmol) in deionised water (50 mL) was slowly added to a solution of [(NH4)6][Mo7O24].4H2O (2.50 g, 2.02 mmol) in water (50 mL), with vigorous stirring. The pH was kept to about 2 by adding 1M HNO3. The yellow precipitate formed was filtered and dried overnight between filter paper. The solid was recrystallized from 1:1 benzene:n-hexane as a bright yellow crystalline solid (B, 0.28 g, 0.66 mmol, 33%).
Preparation of Precursor Material Triethylammonium Dicocodithiocarbamate (C)
[0081]A caustic trap was set up comprising a 50% NaOH solution in water in order to trap any H2S gas formed during the reaction. Dicocoamine (42.44 g, 120.00 mmol) and Net3 (7.94 mL, 62.70 mmol) where added to a 500 mL round bottom flask. Ethanol (100 mL) was added followed by the dropwise addition (over 15 min) of CS2 (3.79 mL, 62.70 mmol) at 0° C. Cooling was maintained with stirring for 30 minutes and the reaction mixture was then warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for a further 11/2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to yield a first a pale yellow liquid and, after drying overnight under reduced pressure, a more viscous yellow substance 23.76 g, 43.00 mmol, 76%).
Synthesis of Molybdenum Complex Compounds
Synthesis of Molybdenum Complexes D-H; [Mo(--N═NR3)(S2CNR1R2)3]
[0082]R1, R2 and R3 are identified in the table below for each of D-H.
TABLE-US-00002 R3 R1 and R2 D ##STR00002## coco E ##STR00003## coco F ##STR00004## coco G CH3 coco H ##STR00005## coco
General procedures for syntheses of D-H are listed below: quantities used, yields and descriptive data are displayed under the appropriate section for each compound.
General Procedure for Synthesis of Complexes D-F
[0083]Stage 1: A was stirred in methanol to which 2 equivalents of C were added. The contents were stirred at room temperature for 2 hours yielding the [MoO2(S2CN(coco)2)] intermediate.
[0084]Stage 2: To the reaction product of stage 1, an extra equivalent of C and a slight excess of the appropriate hydrazine were added. The mixture was refluxed for 70 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The solvent was decanted and the residue dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with water (3×40 mL).
Molybdenum(phenyldiazenide)tris(dicocodithiocarbamate) (D)
[0085]Stage 1: A (0.60 g, 1.84 mmol) and C (2.04 g, 3.68 mmol) in CH3OH (70 mL)
[0086]Stage 2: C (1.90 g, 1.84 mmol) and C6H5NHNH2 (0.29 mL, 2.94 mmol) in CH3OH (30 mL)
[0087]An oil-soluble dark red viscous substance was isolated (2.21 g, 1.49 mmol, 80%)
Molybdenum(benzoyldiazenide)tris(dicocodithiocarbamate) (E)
[0088]Stage 1: A (0.30 g, 0.92 mmol) and C (1.02 g, 1.84 mmol) in CH3OH (50 mL)
[0089]Stage 2: C (0.95 g, 0.92 mmol) and C6H5CONHNH2 (0.20 g, 1.47 mmol) in CH3OH (20 mL)
[0090]An oil-soluble dark red viscous substance was isolated (1.19 g, 0.78 mmol, 85%).
Molybdenum(2-naphthoyldiazenide)tris(dicocodithiocarbamate) (F)
[0091]Stage 1: A (0.50 g, 1.53 mmol) and C (1.70 g, 3.07 mmol) in CH3OH (60 mL)
[0092]Stage 2: C (0.85 g, 1.53 mmol) and C10H7-2-CONHNH2 (0.40 g, 2.14 mmol) in CH3OH (20 mL)
[0093]A bright orange viscous oil-soluble substance was isolated (1.63 g, 1.04 mmol, 68%)
General Procedure for Synthesis of Complexes G-H
[0094]B was stirred in methanol to which 2 equivalents of C were added. The contents were stirred at room temperature for 2 hours yielding the [MoO2(S2CN(coco)2)] intermediate. To this, one equivalent of C and a slight excess of the appropriate hydrazine were added. The mixture was refluxed for 70 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The solvent was then decanted and the residue dissolved in dichloromethane, and extracted using water (3×40 mL).
Molybdenum(methyldiazenide)tris(dicocodithiocarbamate) (G)
[0095]Stage 1: B (0.50 g, 1.18 mmol) and C (1.30 g, 2.36 mmol) in CH3OH (60 mL)
[0096]Stage 2: C (0.65 g, 1.18 mmol) and CH3NHNH2 (0.07 mL, 1.42 mmol) in CH3OH (20 mL)
[0097]An oil-soluble brown viscous substance was isolated (1.46 g, 1.02 mmol, 87%)
Molybdenum(4-methoxylbenzoyldiazenide)tris(dicocodithiocarbamate) (H)
[0098]Stage 1: B (0.50 g, 1.18 mmol) and C (1.30 g, 2.36 mmol) in CH3OH (60 mL)
[0099]Stage 2: C (0.65 g, 1.18 mmol) and 4-OMe-C6H4CONHNH2 (0.24 g, 1.42 mmol) in CH3OH (20 mL)
[0100]An oil-soluble orange viscous substance was isolated (1.26 g, 0.82 mmol, 69%)
Alternative Synthesis Method
[0101]An alternative synthesis for Molybdenum(phenyldiazenide)tris(dicocodithiocarbamate) (D):
(NH4)6[Mo7O24].4H2O (1.00 g, 0.81 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (20 ml) and acetylacetone (1.33 mL, 12.94 mmol) was added dropwise. The pH was adjusted to 3.5 using 10% HNO3 whereupon a solid began to precipitate. After 11/2 hours of vigorous stirring, 2 equivalents of C were added. After 2 hours of further stirring a further equivalent of C and an excess of phenylhydrazine were added. The mixture was refluxed for 70 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The solvent was then decanted and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with water (3×40 mL).
Blending of Lubricating Oil Compositions
[0102]Each molybdenum compound, D-G, was blended into a fully-formulated lubricating oil composition at 230-280 ppm by mass of molybdenum, expressed as atoms of molybdenum. Each composition was identical other than in respect of the identity of the compound D-G. Each composition contained ingredients known in the art including base oil, viscosity modifier, pour-point depressant, dispersant, metal detergent, anti-oxidant and anti-wear additive.
Testing and Results
HFRR Tests
[0103]A high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR), supplied by PCS Instruments, was used to evaluate the coefficient of friction of each of the above compositions. The test was carried out at 20 Hz, 400 g applied load, for 60 minutes at the temperature indicated below. A selection of the results is tabulated below where the values are coefficients of friction.
TABLE-US-00003 Time Mo Temp (minutes) Example Complex (ppm) (° C.) 1 25 40 Reference 0 140 0.141 0.156 0.154 D 270 140 0.159 0.138 0.124 E 280 140 0.145 0.094 0.085 F 230 120 0.158 0.117 0.114 G 270 120 0.153 0.065 0.058
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Tests
[0104]pDSC Results
[0105]The method requires a temperature increase at 40° C./min from 50° C. to 210° C. under an atmosphere of air (100 psi and zero flow) then held at that temperature for up to 2 h using an open Seiko Aluminium pan. This is a European standard method CECL-85-T-99. pDSC is recognized within the industry as a measure of the antioxidant potency of a lubricating composition.
[0106]For the reference, EEHC-45 (Exxon Hydrocracked) base oil alone was used.
[0107]For "D", 107.3 mg D was weighed into a 24 ml vial and 7.983 g EEHC-45 base oil added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 1 hour in an oil bath to produce a dark brown solution.
[0108]For "E", 111.1 mg E was weighed into a 24 ml vial and 8.118 g EEHC-45 base oil added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 1 hour in an oil bath to produce a dark orange solution.
TABLE-US-00004 Example Complex Mean Oxidative induction time (min) Reference (zero molybdenum) <2 D 4.1 E 4.5
[0109]The results demonstrate that the molybdenum complexes of the invention possess both friction reducing and anti-oxidancy properties in lubricating oil compositions. They also demonstrate that the results may, in some cases, be tailored by changing the substituent group on the diazenide ligand.
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lady in style needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 39 designs submitted by 15 freelance designers.
Lady In Style is a new start up company, specializes in bringing premium goods to stylish and sophisticated female audience in Asia.
Lady In Style
Preferably something stylish and trendy in Adobe Photoshop / Illustrator format.
- Item 1...
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Spectrum Signal Processing has entered into an agreement with General Dynamics Canada, to supply software-defined radio (SDR) technology to General Dynamics Canada to assist in its development and demonstration of enhanced tactical military communication solutions. By incorporating SDR technology, General Dynamics Canada will be able to provide its customers with enhanced wireless data connectivity and improved mobility.
"We have made a significant investment in our software-defined radio products including our next-generation tactical MILCOM modem," said Pascal Spothelfer, Spectrum's President and CEO. "Our relationship with General Dynamics Canada is an important milestone for the company as we target tactical deployment opportunities."
Spectrum Signal Processing supplies software-defined platforms for defense electronics applications. Their various products and services are optimized for military communications, signals intelligence, and satellite-communications applications.


text:
Oct 08, 2011
I would also have to warn brides about using Croska on Etsy for their bouquets. Her bouquet was one of the first purchases I made following my engagement. I contacted and purchased the bouquet in August of 2010. She assured me that she would have my bouquet to me well before Christmas and since my wedding was scheduled for April at the time, I thought this was acceptable. Well, thankfully we pushed our wedding back to October, because dates kept passing and she would be unresponsive or give me excuses. I did not receive my bouquet until the Spring. I know she made other bouquets because she posted pictures on her Facebook, but must have been having issues with other brides because she blatently posted on her status to not contact her through her Facebook page. Well...you had to because she wouldn't respond to your Etsy messages. It was overall just disappointing. I had been so excited about it, finally received it and it just felt ehhh about it. I ended up using real flowers for my bouquet and will be selling the Croska one.
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Old Christ Church
Ever since I was in college at UWF, I knew this was the church I had to get married at...and I had never even been inside!! Well fast forward 9 years later and it was magical! My husband grew up visiting this church on field trips with his school. Casey was so great to work with. We had originally planned to get married in April, but Casey was super understanding about us wanting to push it back to October. Our guests were so impressed with its beauty and history. I love being able to close my eyes and see myself walking down the aisle of Old Christ!
Services used: Wedding Venue
Wendy Wilson Photography
I can't even begin to describe how wonderful Wendy is. Amazing just doesn't cover it! Wendy went above and beyond to capture every detail of our day. I know she must've gone home and slept for days after photographing our wedding. She is so much fun to work with and was even able to get my camera shy husband to really enjoy having his picture made. I want to scream from the rooftops about how great she is! Thank you, Wendy!!!
Services used: Photography


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3,922 reviews
- Fairfax, VA
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- AcademicsB+
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- DiversityA
- CampusB+
- AthleticsB+
- Party SceneB-
- ProfessorsB
- LocationB+
- DormsB+
- Campus FoodA-
- Student LifeB+
- SafetyA-
George Mason University is ...
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Test Scores and GPA for George Mason University
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Colleges like George Mason University
- B+Virginia Commonwealth University
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George Mason University Reviews
3,922 reviews
Review George Mason University
George Mason is a pretty safe school due to the fact all of the parties occur off campus. We have very few violent crimes occur at the campus. On the academics side of things, George Mason has a very wide variety of majors that they continue to excel at. They are currently building a new medical building to add to their already present nursing program. I highly recommend Mason because there is so many things available on campus that you never have to look anywhere else. The best way to have a good experience at Mason is by getting involved on Campus!
George Mason is a very diverse and put together community. I absolutely love the atmosphere, i truly feels like a home away from home. When I came into Mason, I was afraid to get out and have fun, I wanted to only focus on my school work, but even though Mason is not a party school I found it hard to just keep to myself. It is so many events and things to do around campus and around the area of Fairfax and nova. It was a great choice school, classes are difficult but never a challenge that isnt worth facing because we learn so much! It is worth every step of the way academically and socially.
The classes are great and so are the professors! With the larger classes, you feel like you are just a number but most professors generally do care about you. The more you get into your program, the more you get to know your professors and they help you succeed towards your goals. Parking can be a hassle and pricey, but that's the case with most public schools. Overall a great school, good programs and a lot of groups/programs to make you feel at home.


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Universal Motors, LLC.1036 W Main St New Britain, Connecticut USA
Universal Motors, LLC. sold me a lemon, did not honor warranty New Britain Connecticut
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I bought/financed a vehicle from Universal Motors in October but because of some title mix up they did not properly register my car until November. When I got my car they said they would take care of any repairs my the car needed. My passenger door was not/is not working. They started working on my door in December before they realized they didn't have the right equipment for it. They left the door dismantled with the agreement that they would fix it as soon as they got the part. Four months later I have been getting the run around from them. They have brushed me off, disrespected me and plain out refused to take ownership for my dismantled door. On top of it all, they "repaired" my water pump in December because they were able to claim it through my 2 yr warranty policy. Today I called them because my water pump has gone bad again. Sam replied by taking offense to my frustration by saying that "I don't have to do s**t for you! You don't know me!" and hung up. I am stuck with a vehicle loan for a car that doesn't work. I have already spent over $1000 for repairs not including the water pump and no one can help me; not DMV, not BBB, not consumer protection.
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Another QB dilemma:
I have Cam Newton as my starter. He's had his bye week, so I'm planning on him being an every-week starter for me, and my backup is Russell Wilson.
Should I trade Wilson for Kaepernick, straight up?
Thanks for the help last week, heres another one:Foles vs Dal or Ryan vs TB? I'm leaning towards Foles but Ryan has been pretty consistent this year so far


text:
Steven Kons needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 30 designs submitted by 13 freelance designers.
S&J Seafood Supply Pty Ltd
S&J Seafood specialises in fresh fish and frozen. Stressing on sustainable fish and fish products.
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Need an outstanding logo for use on all sorts of marketing/promotional material, letterhead, etc.
S should be like shape of a fish and the J to be a hook. Or two fish in either letter, 3D, etc.
Colours conservative but modern


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/// Hulu's New Plan: Compete with Netflix and Amazon. How is Hulu Going to Pay for That?
So they're not selling . But what are Hulu's owners going to do with the video service now? The immediate response to that question, via people who provide answers on behalf of Hulu's owners, and translated a bit for public consumption: They are going to invest in Hulu's potential as a "subscription video on demand" service. That is, they see real value in building up its Hulu Plus paid offering. Which is competing for eyeballs, time and consumer dollars with Netflix and Amazon. That makes sense. Yes, Hulu, which generated $690 million last year, can also be valuable as a free Web site that provides some "catch up" content from its three TV network owners (Disney/ABC, Comcast/NBC, 21stCenturyFox/Fox). It can also function as a hub for not-exactly free content for "authenticated" pay TV customers (see the Dish/Fox/Hulu deal from 2011 ). But Hulu Plus has turned out to be surprisingly popular, with more than 4 million people paying $8 a month for a subscription, even though the stuff they pay to see still has ads (Netflix and Amazon's stuff is ad-free). While that places the service way behind Netflix and its 30 million U.S. subscribers, Hulu may well be ahead of Amazon when it comes to video eyeballs . Hulu's managers have been campaigning for years to get more cash from their owners, so the money-losing service could compete even more effectively. They want to spend more on other people's content, and make more of their own. One problem with that theory, though: If Hulu is going to compete with Netflix and Amazon, it may need a lot more money than it has, even though its owners have committed to giving it $750 million in fresh cash. I'm assuming that the contribution isn't going to be an annual thing, but am trying to get Hulu's owners to confirm that one way or another. But even if Hulu's owners kicked in $750 million every year, and Hulu put all of that to work buying new stuff for the site, it could find itself outgunned.
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Hulu's New Plan: Compete with Netflix and Amazon. How is Hulu Going to Pay for That?
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The Asia Foundation Appoints Dr. Robin Bush as Country Representative in Indonesia
San Francisco and Jakarta, October 23, 2008 — Today, The Asia Foundation announced the appointment of Dr. Robin Bush as Country Representative in Indonesia, effective November 6. Dr. Bush has served as Deputy Country Representative for the Foundation in Indonesia since 2006. Dr. Bush replaces Dr. Douglas Ramage, who, since 1996, has expanded the scope of the Indonesia country program to include an international and national staff of over 60 and a grants and technical assistance portfolio of over $50 million from a diverse range of multilateral and bilateral donors.
"I am very confident that in the appointment of Dr. Robin Bush we have named a very capable and knowledgeable leader for our office in Indonesia" said Douglas Bereuter, President of The Asia Foundation. "Indeed, she already has played a major role in the development of the Indonesia program into one of the largest and most successful of the Foundation's country programs. Through her knowledge about Indonesia and her strong experience and training in development activities she brings extraordinary strengths to this highly visible and important role."
Prior to becoming Deputy Country Representative, Dr. Bush was The Asia Foundation's Regional Director for Islam and Development, responsible for assisting Foundation offices Asia-wide in developing Islam-related programs. These programs included civil society, education, and anti-poverty programs implemented in collaboration with Muslim organizations. Dr. Bush has been with the Foundation since 1998, when she joined its Indonesia office as a Program Officer for the Islam and Civil Society program. In Indonesia, she facilitated programmatic innovations that led to police and Muslim clerics working together to improve community security, bringing civic education and student-centered teaching to madrasah and Islamic schools, and enabling Muslim civil society organizations to improve service delivery at local levels.
"The Asia Foundation is a special organization, and I'm honored to be a part of its unique approach to development in Indonesia," said Bush, who has lived in Indonesia for over 20 years.
In addition to being an experienced development professional, Bush is an internationally recognized scholar of Indonesian politics and Islam in Indonesia. She received her PhD in Political Science from the University of Washington and her MA in International Studies from Ohio University. She is the author of numerous articles on Islam and democracy in Indonesia, and her book, Nahdlatul Ulama and the Struggle for Power within Islam and Politics in Indonesia, is forthcoming next month from ISEAS press.
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Phnom Penh
Program Snapshot
Asia Foundation Releases Report on Disaster Preparedness During Political Transition in Nepal
April 24, 2017
Asia Foundation's Young Lotus Circle Gathers in New York for Women's Empowerment
New York
April 24, 2017