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From Parameters, Winter 1998, pp. 171-79.
Ethics and Counter-revolution: American Involvement in Internal Wars. By Kermit D. Johnson. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1997. 330 pages. $49.00. Reviewed by Chaplain (Colonel) John Brinsfield, Director of Ethical Program Development, US Army War College.
Since the end of the Vietnam conflict almost a quarter century ago, there has been a spectacular display of interest in the ethics of warfare, and later in the ethics of intervention, by both the American academic and professional military communities. By 1982, only seven years after the fall of Saigon, some 682 books and articles had been produced in America on the history, theory, and practice of military ethics. Since 1982, the number has more than doubled.
Chaplain (Major General) Kermit D. Johnson, Army Chief of Chaplains from 1979 to 1982, was one of the first to advocate and sponsor advanced seminars in this field for strategic leaders. In his most recent book, Ethics and Counter-revolution, Chaplain Johnson focuses the reader's attention on an ethical analysis and critique of US policy and involvement in counterrevolutionary war with particular emphasis on Latin America.
Johnson rejects the assertion that the end of the Cold War means the end of revolution, since revolutions are frequently grounded in root causes such as poverty, exploitation, and injustice. He outlines the defining characteristics of revolutionary war based on a survey of theories from Mao Tse-tung to modern counterinsurgency proponents to recent US national security directives and military publications. Underlying reasons for US interventions are traced from the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary to President Kennedy's Counterinsurgency Doctrine and the Nixon Doctrine. When combined with previous US warfighting experience and declared policy, the evolution of national policy and strategy for counterinsurgency becomes apparent.
Johnson notes that whatever their stated intent, most of these historic policies have been formulae for winning wars, not revolutions. Therefore he advocates a fresh look at demilitarization and civilianization of US intervention strategies in order to better address the root causes of revolution and to build more constructive relationships with the nations of Latin America. "Instead of supporting a countervailing foreign policy based on the legitimization of local militaries," Chaplain Johnson argues, "the US military and all branches of government should conform to a single policy toward Latin American nations, that of civilian control over military forces and the strengthening of civilian rule." This goal might be enhanced, he observes, by taking six steps, chief of which would be the elimination of all forms of military aid to Third World military forces. The funds saved would be reallocated to economic aid in the civilian sector, civilian leadership and technical training in democratic institutions, and peace accord implementation. US support for long-term development programs, debt relief, technical assistance, training and credit provisions for small farmers and businesses, and other programs that reduce economic and social inequity would strengthen the role and rule of local civilian governments, help obviate the need for future military intervention, and avoid inadvertent support for repression in the Third World.
"The only way abuses of human rights and political power can be curtailed is through genuine democracy, where the military is subject to civilian control," Johnson concludes. In short, he believes that the United States should be in the business of educating and enhancing civilian, not military, leaders. Counterrevolution or low-intensity conflict is inimical to democracy because it strengthens rather than challenges the very military and political forces whose power usually lies at the root of a conflict. Thus demilitarization and civilianization are not only the antidote to revolution and conflict; they also form the soil in which democracy can grow.
Chaplain Johnson has raised issues which have already begun to engage strategic leaders in evaluating the history, interests, ethical foundation, consistency, and efficacy of 20th-century US policies in Latin America. The reason Johnson's book should be read is not necessarily for his conclusions, however. Some will find those to be far too idealistic, although even they might agree that his idealism has a much better chance now than, for example, in the mid-1960s. Rather, this book should be read because it raises issues candidly and supports them by historical example. His approach could open a necessary and one hopes fruitful debate on how to avoid supporting murderous military operations in Latin America while at the same time fostering better democratic governments and better relationships with the people who are not only our neighbors but also increasingly our citizens. In this regard, Chaplain Johnson's idealism is not a weakness but a wake-up call for change.
Promised Land, Crusader State: The American Encounter with the World Since 1776. By Walter A. McDougall. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1997. $26.00. Reviewed by Brigadier General Harold Nelson (USA Ret.), former US Army Chief of Military History.
My purchase of this book was pure impulse. Recognizing Walter McDougall as the author of a great work synthesizing the history of the North Pacific (Let the Sea Make a Noise: Four Hundred Years of Cataclysm, Conquest, War and Folly in the North Pacific, Harper Collins, 1993), I let the cover art capture my attention: red, white, and blue bands; "Promised Land" at the top, above a picture of George Washington crossing the Delaware; "Crusader State" in the middle, above a picture of Bradley fighting vehicles lined up in the desert. This looked like a book that could teach me something.
It did, and I recommend it to anyone who is trying to think seriously about the national security options that face our nation in this new age. Goodness knows there are plenty of voices trying to speak to us on the subject, but this is one that has a clear message, synthesizes a mass of material, and projects insights from the past into the new millennium.
McDougall's clear message is that we can think about the ways the United States has approached its national security challenges in terms of a few traditions, and we can organize these traditions under "Old Testament" and "New Testament" headings. This is not meant to imply that there is a religious dimension to US policy or to the way we might think about it. Rather, in our first century of national self-discovery, policymakers tended to act as if they spoke for a "chosen people" in the midst of claiming a very special "promised land." In our second period--which has not yet ended--policymakers have been "spreading the word," seeking converts to American-style democracy. But just as the New Testament builds upon the Old, the multiple traditions coexist, interacting and influencing policy in complex ways as our nation matures.
McDougall's synthesis consists of a careful look at the history behind familiar labels--what was "isolationism" or "the Monroe Doctrine"? When did ideas originate? What aspect of the international dilemma were they designed to influence? How did they evolve? What were the forces shaping the evolution? Who were the champions of new ideas, and how did existing ideas, persistent problems, and new challenges shape those ideas? This is the bulk of the book, and like all good synthesis, it defies further condensation. Suffice it to say that McDougall has mastered his sources and writes with clarity and eloquence, giving the reader ample opportunity to think and learn.
McDougall projects his insights into the new millennium by explicitly evaluating each of his eight traditions in terms of the international situation facing us today. US foreign policy has been somewhat adrift following the Cold War, and his observations are as current today as when they were written. He provides thoughtful views on internationalism, problems of the developing world, and the relationship between the security environment and economic activity. Obviously, readers of Parameters should read this book.
The Wrong War: Why We Lost in Vietnam. By Jeffrey Record. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1998. 256 pp. Reviewed by Colonel Adolf Carlson, Chairman of the Department of Distance Education, US Army War College.
During a recent Memorial Day ceremony, a World War II veteran asked me: "What's the matter with the Vietnam vets?" His question had a specific point--membership in the American Legion--but the question has a larger relevance. For him, World War II was an experience that bonded a generation of Americans together. In contrast, the Vietnam experience tore a generation of Americans, my generation, apart. Why? Because for Americans the Vietnam War lacks a gestalt; there is no body of shared beliefs. The war was either a misguided effort to stop communist aggression, or it was a venal charade waged by a Democratic administration to deflect Republican assaults on profligate social programs. The military leadership was either hamstrung by civilians, or too dim-witted to adapt to limited war. Air power was either the decisive instrument that drove the enemy to the bargaining table, or was an indiscriminate waste that proved irrelevant to the war's outcome. The communist effort was either conventional aggression abetted by subversion, or popular-based insurgency waged against an unpopular tyranny. And so forth.
These divergent lines of thought tend to segment the Vietnam generation into many small camps, alienated from one another by a need to justify their own interpretations rather than to comprehend the whole. It would seem that, for the foreseeable future at least, we can expect commentary by Vietnam veterans to represent narrow points of view written by people with an ax to grind.
Jeffrey Record's book, The Wrong War: Why We Lost in Vietnam, is an ambitious attempt to explain the Vietnam War in its entirety, but in the end it articulates another singular point of view. Mr. Record has little praise for the American side at any level of the war. The political leadership he describes was cynical, deceitful, and ignorant. The high commands were incompetent, self-serving, and devoid of moral courage. The troops were poorly trained, unmotivated, and pampered. The South Vietnamese ally (for whose sake, after all, we ostensibly waged war) was corrupt, cowardly, and unworthy of our sacrifice. Record presents us with a war that was both unwinnable and not worth the effort. As he puts it: "It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the United States lacked any strategically decisive and morally acceptable war-winning military options in the Vietnam War." Such a harshly critical view may be fully justified, but it is hardly new.
Record comments on virtually every aspect of the war, which may be a bit too much in a book of only 184 pages. In Chapter 3, "The War in the South," he reveals what I believe to be his thesis: that "pacification" or "population control" would have been a superior strategy in South Vietnam to military "attrition." This view is clearly derived from his experiences in the Civil Operations for Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS) program. He argues convincingly that US military operations aimed at conventional-style attrition of the enemy were misguided and self-defeating. He also is quick to point out that alternatives to attrition offered no guarantees of victory, but posits that they would at least have been less costly and more humane.
Record's views are worthy of our respect and consideration. They are based on hard field experience and are presented with persuasive sincerity. The question which hangs unanswered, however, is the degree to which they represent what the author set out to present us: a holistic analysis of the War. Record asserts that offensive military operations against main force units were wasteful and self-defeating. Colonel Harry Summers (USA Ret.) argues that the main force North Vietnamese army was the "center of gravity," and until it was defeated pacification could not have safely proceeded. Record describes the South Vietnamese army as corrupt, incompetent, and cowardly. General Norman Schwarzkopf (USA Ret.) describes a different South Vietnamese army, one that was honorable, competent, and brave. From their perspectives, each of these views has validity, but we have no way to know which represents truth.
In the end, Record is to be commended for his effort to put the Vietnam War he knew into a larger analytical perspective. That a complete view of the war remains beyond reach makes the effort no less worthy. Those of us who were there will have to accept the fact that there is no Bruce Catton to describe the war, either for our benefit or for the understanding of the American people. So we will have to be content with our own memories, our own rationalizations, and occasional glimpses into the recollections of others. For the Vietnam War, more than most, the words of Shakespeare apply: "Every subject's duty is the king's; but every subject's soul is his own."
Lemnitzer: A Soldier for His Time. By James L. Binder. Washington: Brassey's, 1997. 353 pp. Reviewed by Colonel Robert B. Killebrew (USA Ret.), who served in Special Forces, mechanized, air assault, and airborne infantry units, and held a variety of planning and operational assignments, during his 30-year Army career.
James L. Binder's biography of General Lyman Lemnitzer is an overdue look at an Army officer who played a pivotal role in the history of the United States and its Army during this century. While the book has some minor technical glitches--the Davy Crockett was not a shoulder-fired weapon, thank goodness--it is well researched and worthwhile. Some readers will be frustrated that it does not treat in more depth the events in which Lemnitzer played a key role, but that would have expanded the project to multiple volumes. Binder's book does excellent, scholarly service to honor this remarkable officer.
Lyman Lemnitzer wore the uniform of his country for 51 years. He was a general officer for 27 years and a four-star general from 1955 to 1969. He played a central role in most of the momentous issues of the 20th century, and knew well the majority of the great men who shaped the post-World War II world. And yet, the memory of this truly great soldier remains overshadowed by the names of more picturesque military heroes. He would be content. As Binder's biography makes clear, Lemnitzer was the ultimate team player, as comfortable marching in the band as leading the parade.
Yet he was usually at the head of the band, in part because he was a moderate, highly intelligent, and widely experienced soldier who was known and respected by the great leaders of the postwar West. By the end of World War II, Lemnitzer was at least acquainted with most of the key leaders of the Allies, some of whom became presidents and prime ministers. As a major general in postwar Washington he played a significant role in the development of NATO (often against the inclinations of his boss, Secretary of Defense Louis Johnson). Although he relished duty in the field, going through jump school in his 50s to command an airborne division (and later another infantry division during the Korean conflict), his talent and reputation for strategic affairs kept drawing him back to Washington. After distinguishing himself in a variety of intermediate duties, he held five four-star assignments, surely a record (and one that would be highly unlikely with today's personnel policies).
Lemnitzer's professional life spanned World War II, the creation of NATO, and the Vietnam era, and almost reached the end of the Cold War. Loyalty and service were his hallmarks. As Vice Chief of Staff and Chief of Staff of the Army, he loyally supported Eisenhower's New Look. As Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the Bay of Pigs fiasco, he ordered the Joint Chiefs to silence and, justly or not, shouldered much of the blame himself for the Joint Chiefs' sins of omission. When he planned retirement in 1962, NATO's civilian and military leaders asked that Lemnitzer be appointed Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR), his final post, and one he held for six and a half years. Even after France expelled NATO forces from its territory in 1966, he and De Gaulle continued on good personal terms.
It was as SACEUR that Lemnitzer's collaborative style of leadership was most tested. As an architect of the military agreements that were holding the Alliance together, Lemnitzer was personally, as well as professionally, committed to maintaining the Western alliance against an aggressive Soviet Union. Within the constraints of writing a personal biography, Binder does what he can to mention the tremendous stresses on the NATO Alliance during the Lemnitzer years, both among the Allies themselves and from the United States. All of Lemnitzer's tact and leadership were needed to obtain Allied agreement on Flexible Response, repositioning US forces for forward defense, fighting the Mansfield resolution to cut US troop strength in Europe and other moves toward troop reductions, the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (which at least ended calls for US troop reductions), and, most of all, Vietnam and rebasing NATO forces after the French expulsion. Binder correctly focuses on his subject and leaves to others the more detailed story of NATO in those years, but others should take up the tale.
Lemnitzer correctly saw that the US role as a world leader requires tangible commitment to be effective, and he dedicated his later life to maintaining the transatlantic links that ensure US-European ties for security and peace. After retirement, he turned down lucrative job offers to write and speak in support of NATO and America's global leadership. The end came gracefully in 1988, close enough to the collapse of the Soviet Union that victory must have been in sight for this champion of the West.
What are we to make of this solid, unassuming, brilliant man? He was called, disparagingly, a good staff officer, yet he impressed the strongest-willed world leaders with his quiet forcefulness. He was not charismatic, but his legacies survive the works of more glamorous contemporaries. In his last public fight, he opposed increasing the authority of the JCS, fearing the creation of an all-powerful Chief of Staff at the expense of the service chiefs. As Binder's biography has portrayed him, Lyman Lemnitzer was one of the last of the old-style generals, whose outlook was formed by the professional values of the pre-World War II Army--apolitical, tightly focused on the military's role in a democratic society, quietly authoritative. He was old oak, not shiny brass.
US Special Forces in Action: The Challenge of Unconventional Warfare. By Thomas K. Adams. Portland, Ore: Frank Cass, 1998. Reviewed by Colonel Steven C. Hightower (USA Ret.), formerly in the Department of Military Strategy, Planning, and Operations at the US Army War College.
Early in his book, Thomas Adams states that his research focuses on "Army Special Operations Forces, principally US Army Special Forces, Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations, since these constitute the original, largest, most active group of special operators and are arguably the `center of gravity' for all special operations." What follows is an excellent historical treatment of the organizational and doctrinal development of Army Special Operations Forces (SOF), illustrated with operational vignettes of those forces in action. However, this is far from the usual collection of assorted stories about "there I was, knee deep in grenade pins." Instead of attempting to tell tales that have been poorly told far too many times, Adams sets out to examine the more important issue of whether today's Army Special Operations Forces are really "special," or whether they merely perform unusual or unconventional missions at a much higher level of proficiency than others in the Army. Perhaps retitling the book "The Internecine Wars," or even "Army SOF, The Niche Warriors," might have been more descriptive of its contents.
The American military, and perhaps the American public as well, seem to have a love-hate relationship with organizations perceived as elitist. Adams cites the well-known examples of the rise and fall and subsequent rise of the Army's better known elite units, including the Rangers and others of World War II fame as well as the Special Forces. His analysis of these organizations, formed to carry out missions outside the expertise of the conventional Army, is historically accurate. He notes that "units organized to conduct unconventional warfare and/or special operations tend to devolve toward the preferred conventional model" once the special circumstances for which these units were created no longer exist. One only has to recall the horrific misuses of the Ranger battalions in the World War II Italian campaign to verify this contention. To bolster his point, Adams describes the formation and evolution of the Army's Special Forces as well as the Rangers, civil affairs units, and psychological operations forces.
Adams traces the Special Forces from their "true origins," the Jedburg Teams of World War II OSS renown, to their modern counterparts. In so doing he carefully points out that the original purpose for forming these special organizations was to conduct unconventional warfare in the classical, and purest, interpretation of the term, which he defines as:
Those military activities conducted within a conflict environment that are not directed toward or directly supporting conventional warfare. [They include] humanitarian operations, complex emergencies, insurgency and counterinsurgency, support to civil authority, nation-building and some forms of subversion, sabotage and similar activities. Intelligence gathering is an incidental function in most forms of UW [unconventional warfare]. It is distinguished from conventional warfare chiefly by the fact that UW does not seek to defeat or destroy enemy forces in combat.
Although Adams' definition of unconventional warfare is not in keeping with and is substantially broader than that found in today's doctrine, it is nonetheless a useful definition. It allows him to get to the heart of an issue which surfaces periodically within the Army's SOF community: "What is the appropriate role for Army SOF?" Adams argues, correctly in my opinion, that in order to survive in a resource-driven environment, the Army's practitioners and true believers of unconventional warfare have had to make a number of organizational and doctrinal compromises. In doing so, he suggests, Army Special Operations Forces may have sold their unconventional souls to keep from being absorbed into the conventional Army. Adams pulls no punches in pointing out the facts: the Army, when given the opportunity, has consistently attempted to do away with the Special Forces, civil affairs, and psychological operations units. (Rangers, although characterized as a special operations organization, are considered "special" only because they perform largely conventional tasks to an extremely high degree of proficiency. They are both highly regarded and protected by the conventional Army.) He concludes that when forced to provide resources for these organizations, most recently by congressional mandate (such as the 1987 Nunn-Cohen Amendment, which created the US Special Operations Command and put special operations on an equal footing within the services), the Army adroitly practices the arts of "foot dragging and quibbling" until Congress threatens to withhold resources for conventional programs.
In his examination of and proposals for appropriate roles and missions for Army SOF, Adams states that Special Forces, civil affairs, and psychological operations leaders must return their emphasis to those missions for which their organizations were originally created and which they, and they alone, can do well. Perhaps repeating a disavowed comment might bear some thought: "If the 82d (Airborne Division), or the Marines can do it . . . it ain't special!" Indeed, if the Special Forces--and their civil affairs and psychological operators--are to maintain their relevancy, they must regain their unique niche. That niche is the ability to operate effectively within the vagaries of asymmetrical warfare in the 21st century.
Elements of Military Strategy: An Historical Approach. By Archer Jones. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1996. 264 pages. $24.95. Reviewed by Dr. J. Boone Bartholomees, Jr. (Colonel, USA Ret.), Professor of Military History, US Army War College.
Elements of Military Strategy is vintage Archer Jones. Readers familiar with his earlier work, especially The Art of War in the Western World, will recognize the strategic theory he uses to analyze military history. This book, however, limits the examination to US military history, expands the analytical framework, and stays at the strategic level. Lest the remarks that follow be taken as disapproval, let me state up front that this is an important book for the military strategist. Jones is an excellent historian with a broad range--his examples in this book cover the entire scope of American military history from the earliest Indian wars to Desert Storm. His analysis is original, intriguing, insightful, and well supported by research and fact. It is possible to quibble with facts and interpretation, but the analysis holds up and offers a new approach to the study of strategy. Let me now quibble.
Archer Jones has developed a system that analyzes military strategy in terms of the duration and intent of operations. Long duration activities are persisting, while those of short duration are raids. Militaries undertake operations either to seek battle or to damage the opponent's logistics. Thus, Jones characterizes all military strategy as combat persisting, combat raiding, logistics persisting, or logistics raiding. He recognizes overlap and complexity within that simple system, although there is a tendency to fit strategies into one of the primary categories. Supporting the basic paradigm are a number of other theoretical constructs. Thankfully, the paper-stone-scissors description of tactics prominent in The Art of War in the Western World, where one type of unit beats another in a hierarchical order, shrinks in significance in this book. The addition of Aristotle's four causes adds little insight, but also plays a minor role in Jones's analysis. The use of Newton's third law of physics (for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction) to explain strategic events is both an incorrect and dangerous analogy. Strategy does not operate under fixed laws, as Jones recognizes, even as he insists that it inevitably obeys them. A strategic act may provoke a response, but it is never automatic. One characteristic that makes warfare at the highest level an art rather than a science is that both sides have free will and may choose whether, where, when, and how to respond. Current fascination with asymmetric strategic responses is an example. Jones's application of the economic principle of the elasticity of demand to strategy is unnecessary if one accepts basic Clausewitzian thought.
Conversely, in Elements of Military Strategy he adds insight with increased emphasis on the character of the logistical base areas of the opposing forces (the major organizational tool for the book), and with consistent analysis of concentration in space or time. Concentration in space and time is obvious. The base construct postulates that forces act differently and are thus both capable of and vulnerable to different strategies depending on whether they operate within, at a distance from, or both within and distant from their logistic base.
Aspects of the book will prove difficult for conventionally trained strategists. Jones uses his own language and paradigm that occasionally conflict with standard usage. His analytical system operates outside an overarching framework like Clausewitz's vision of war as a continuation of politics. Thus, in his view, military activities undertaken for other than pure combat or logistic reasons become political or political-military strategy. The distinction makes an unnatural separation between war and politics that modern American strategists will find either amusing or disturbing. Additionally, some major strategic concepts like deterrence, both conventional and nuclear, do not fit an apolitical paradigm. Further, Jones defines the purpose of military action as depleting the enemy force rather than the more conventional Clausewitzian idea of compelling the enemy to do one's will. Thus, since the fundamental aim of military action is attrition, attrition cannot be a distinct strategy.
As another example, Jones insists on using aircraft as a modern analogue of cavalry rather than a force with unique characteristics and capabilities operating in a separate medium. Neither does he use a concept of command of the air as a necessary prerequisite to the use of that medium for other purposes. Jones thus discusses both aerial interdiction and strategic bombing as cavalry raids on logistic targets, and attacks on airfields, command and control facilities, or air defense assets to gain air superiority are essentially distractions from the primary logistics raiding strategy. Certain paradoxes arise as well from the analysis of intent rather than result. Thus, American daylight bombing in World War II was a logistic raiding strategy because pilots theoretically aimed at military targets even though the vast majority of bombs missed and hit German cities. Conversely, when the British accepted the fact that they could not hit specific targets and switched to night area bombing to conserve their force, they adopted a political terror strategy. The result in both cases was the same; Jones draws the distinction based on stated or implied intent.
On other fronts, Jones uses terms flexibly, and because he is doing historical analysis can adjust theory to suit what worked. Thus, both Iraq and the Desert Storm coalition operated from remote bases. While the coalition analysis is obvious, Iraq's reliance on a distant base seems to refer to the fact that their lines of communication were vulnerable to interdiction. That is a fine distinction but an enormous qualitative difference in distance from the base. Likewise, the 1944 Cobra breakout worked because Allied air concentrated in time and space to attack a narrow front; however, the Desert Storm preparation was effective because it was dispersed in time and space to conceal the attack point and achieved effect through better technology.
Finally, although Jones describes how strategy worked, intent is not always clear. The Jamestown settlers adopted a persisting logistic strategy (gradual expansion of occupied territory protected by fortified dwellings) supplemented by a logistic raiding strategy (raids on Indian villages and crops). The raiding was a conscious strategy, but the expansion was a result of a growing population seeking resources, not an effort to deprive Indians of resources. Of course, accidental strategy is both legitimate and common, but not something on which a strategist can rely.
In the hands of someone less skilled than Jones, this analysis will almost inevitably become simplistic. His system is descriptive and analytical; it would thus be a difficult tool to use in planning. Nevertheless, Elements of Military Strategy is a significant contribution to strategic thought. And although it should not be the only book on a strategist's shelf, it should have a prominent place.


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Because It's There
For a teenager obsessed with rock climbing, the flat scrublands of East Texas were an infuriating place for Ty Foose to come of age. Longing to conquer 300-foot cliffs, he made do with shimmying up the cut-stone face of the Waco (Tex.) courthouse.
Ten years later, the 27-year-old is hoping to make the world more climber-friendly--especially for those in topographically challenged locales. His $500,000 company, Monolothic Sculptures Inc., crafts "interactive artworks"--high-tech mini-mountains used for indoor rock climbing. Just nine months old, the 10-employee Denver firm has already custom-built climbing walls and boulders for outdoor retailers North Face and Recreational Equipment Inc., as well as the University of North Carolina.
As high as 50 feet, Monolithic's structures are remarkably accurate imitations of real-life climbs. Want to clamber up the granite face of a cliff in the Adirondacks or ascend warm Utah sandstone? Using a patented process that treats foam with liquid concrete, Foose and partner Dan Christensen sculpt and paint it into any form they choose, an advantage over competitors' one-sided plywood or fiberglass structures.
It hasn't been an easy ascent. Upon dropping out of Wichita State University after one semester, Foose spent the next eight years as a vagabond climber, trying to make a living from the gear he invented for the growing indoor-climbing industry. He failed. "I knew absolutely nothing about business," says Foose, who recently took an entrepreneurship class at the local chamber of commerce. Armed with new finance and planning skills, Foose is expecting revenues to push $750,000 in 2000. Monolithic is also sweeping into a wave of new business: building public playgrounds. "I wanted to do playground stuff ever since I started climbing," says Foose. Sweet revenge for a vertical man cursed with a horizontal childhood.

subset: commoncrawl


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Definition of collaborate
intransitive verb
1 : to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor An international team of scientists collaborated on the study.
2 : to cooperate with or willingly assist an enemy of one's country and especially an occupying force suspected of collaborating with the enemy
3 : to cooperate with an agency or instrumentality with which one is not immediately connected The two schools collaborate on library services.
collaborationplay \kə-ˌla-bə-ˈrā-shən\ noun
collaborativeplay \kə-ˈla-bə-ˌrā-tiv, -b(ə-)rə-\ adjective or noun
collaborativelyplay \kə-ˈla-bə-ˌrā-tiv-lē, -b(ə-)rə-\ adverb
collaboratorplay \kə-ˈla-bə-ˌrā-tər\ noun
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Examples of collaborate in a Sentence
The two companies agreed to collaborate.
He was suspected of collaborating with the occupying army.
Did You Know?
The Latin prefix com-, meaning "with, together, or jointly," is a bit of a chameleon - it has a tricky habit of changing its appearance depending on what it's next to. If the word it precedes begins with "l," "com-" becomes "col-." In the case of collaborate, com- teamed up with laborare ("to labor") to form Late Latin collaborare ("to labor together"). Colleague, collect, and collide are a few more examples of the "com-" to "col-" transformation. Other descendants of laborare in English include elaborate,- _laboratory, and labor itself.
Origin and Etymology of collaborate
Late Latin collaboratus, past participle of collaborare to labor together, from Latin com- + laborare to labor — more at labor
First Known Use: 1871
COLLABORATE Defined for English Language Learners
Definition of collaborate for English Language Learners
: to work with another person or group in order to achieve or do something
: to give help to an enemy who has invaded your country during a war
COLLABORATE Defined for Kids
Definition of collaborate for Students
1 : to work with others (as in writing a book)
2 : to cooperate with an enemy force that has taken over a person's country
Law Dictionary
Legal Definition of collaborate
: to work jointly with others in some endeavor
Learn More about collaborate
See words that rhyme with collaborate Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for collaborate Spanish Central: Translation of collaborate Nglish: Translation of collaborate for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of collaborate for Arabic speakers
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- About Homelessness
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Act on the NOFA Cuts!
December 16, 2013
In the upcoming year, communities will have less funding to address homelessness. The up to 5 percent cuts that communities will face in the fiscal year (FY) 2013 NOFA (Notice of Funding Availability) for the Continuum of Care (CoC) are a direct result of sequestration and other congressional funding decisions. Fortunately, we can be proactive about the tiering process and work to make sure that HUD's Homeless Assistance Grants funding never go short-funded again.
Tomorrow, the Alliance is hosting a webinar on planning for your NOFA application and working with your Members of Congress to ensure that subsequent NOFAs provide sufficient funding for renewals and even new projects. The webinar will also explore Richmond, Va's approach to the NOFA and what steps that community is taking to ensure the cuts have a minimal impact on their efforts to address homelessness.
After sequestration (the automatic, across-the-board federal funding cuts that resulted from the Budget Control Act of 2011), this year's NOFA could have been much worse. It was thanks to advocates like you who worked tirelessly to remind your Members of Congress that HUD's McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Grants needed an increase in FY 2013. The account received a funding increase, but unfortunately, after sequestration, the increase was not enough to cover all renewals in this year's NOFA.
We can't let this happen again. We saw great news in the 2013 AHAR – homelessness has gone down by nearly 4 percent since 2012! That's because, despite the bad economy, these programs are having an impact. We need to make sure Congress knows about the great work that's being done, the progress that's being made, and the detrimental impact underfunding has on these efforts.
We need to work NOW to make sure that the final FY 2014 funding bills include an increase to the Homeless Assistance Grants to make sure we keep up the good work and every family, child, veteran, and person in this country who needs a home has one.
Join us tomorrow at 2 p.m. ET to learn more about how you can get involved in our advocacy efforts, and how you can best approach your NOFA application to minimize the deleterious effects of congressional funding decisions.


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Cosmetic Plastic Surgeons in West Covina
You can choose a cosmetic plastic surgeon in West Covina from this list with confidence, knowing that he or she possesses exceptional training, outstanding credentials and experience with all areas of the face and body.
This list features only plastic surgeons in the city of West Covina. To widen your search, choose a nearby city from the list to the left, or click here to search by ZIP code.
|Surgeons highlighted below have purchased an Enhanced Practice Profile
|Personal Website
Suzanne M. Quardt, M.D.70-017 Highway 111 Suite 1 Rancho Mirage, CA Tel: Click for phone number760-324-2660
|89.13 Miles
Douglas W. Reavie, M.D., FACSMD, FACS15717 Bernardo Heights Pkwy San Diego, CA Tel: Click for phone number858-451-1908
|89.44 Miles
Andrew J. Hayduke, M.D., FACS39000 Bob Hope Drive Kiewit Suite 206 Rancho Mirage, CA Tel: Click for phone number310-288-1711
|90.41 Miles
Mark Vincent Sofonio, M.D., F.A.C.S.39000 Bob Hope Dr., Ste K407 Rancho Mirage, CA Tel: Click for phone number760-341-5555
|90.41 Miles
Maja S. Ruetschi, M.D., FACS72301 Country Club Drive Suite 102 Rancho Mirage, CA Tel: Click for phone number760-340-1199
|90.56 Miles
Scott R. Miller, M.D., FACSScripps Medical Office Bldg. 9834 Genesee Ave., Suite 210 La Jolla, CA Tel: Click for phone number858-453-3133
|91.56 Miles
Douglas Glynn Bolitho, MD, PhD, FACS9834 Genesee Ave., Ste 328 La Jolla, CA Tel: Click for phone number858-458-5100
|91.58 Miles
Robert Singer, M.D., FACS9834 Genesee Avenue Suite 100 La Jolla, CA Tel: Click for phone number858-455-0290
|91.58 Miles
Michael J. Brucker, M.D.9850 Genesee Avenue Suite 500 La Jolla, CA Tel: Click for phone number858-450-1776
|91.63 Miles
Richard Chaffoo, MD, FACS, FICS9850 Genesee Ave, Suite 480 La Jolla, CA Tel: Click for phone number858-623-6333
|91.63 Miles
The surgeons listed above are members of The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, licensed by the state of California and certified by The American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS).
Choose Your Plastic Surgeon Carefully
Remember, any licensed physician is legally allowed to advertise as a "cosmetic" surgeon, even if he or she has no formal surgical training. Your body is nothing to take chances with, so avoid the risk. Selecting a board-certified plastic surgeon from this list is your assurance that your doctor has the highest quality training and advanced surgical skills.
ABPS Certification and ASAPS Membership Matters
The ABPS is recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties to certify doctors in the specialty of plastic surgery. Following medical school, ABPS-certified plastic surgeons must have completed a minimum of 5 years of surgical training, including an accredited plastic surgery residency program. Members of ASAPS must be in at least their third year of active practice following ABPS certification.


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Postal history and children's literature might not seem a natural marriage, but a new book bridges the gap with the tale of a camel who helped carry freight across the Southwestern desert as part of the U.S. Army's 1850s "camel corps."
"Camille Carries the Mail" is by Lisa Hodgkins, the librarian and archivist at Tucson's Postal History Foundation, which promotes the appreciation of postal history and stamp collecting.
The book, for kids ages 3 to 9, tells kids about the Army's experiment using camels to carry freight. The story is told through the eyes of Camille, a camel who gets a little distracted on her journey to carry a little girl's letter across the Arizona desert. She makes it, of course, with some help from a few friends.
In 1848, after the discovery of gold in California, fortune-seekers by the thousands headed west. Soon, members of Congress were envisioning a railroad from the East to California, but struggled to agree on a route.
As deliberations dragged on, lawmakers - at the urging of Secretary of War Jefferson Davis - set aside money in 1856 for a wagon road that followed the 35th Parallel from Fort Smith, Ark., to Los Angeles.
Congress earmarked $30,000 for the purchase of a team of camels, which were better suited for the deserts of the Southwest than the horses and mules that traditionally were used.
In the 1850s there were no camels in the United States, so a U.S. Navy ship was sent to Turkey and Egypt to buy some and to hire camel drivers. The handlers and animals eventually arrived at their new home at Camp Verde, Texas.
In 1857, Lt. Edward F. Beale, a hero of the Mexican-American War, was tasked with building a wagon road across the New Mexico Territory, which included present-day Arizona, near the 35th parallel.
After choosing about 25 camels, he led the expedition, first heading north to Albuquerque, then turning west toward present-day Arizona. Beale's road roughly followed Lt. Amiel W. Whipple's trail west across Arizona through the present-day Flagstaff area, then Kingman and finally, months later, to the Colorado River. Beale then asked his camel driver, Hadji Ali (known as Hi Jolly) to guide the camels across the Colorado River and on to California.
The general route of Beale's road was later followed by Route 66, and eventually Interstate 40.
After the Civil War broke out, the idea of using camels was largely forgotten.
If you go
• What: Launch party for "Camille Carries the Mail" by Lisa Hodgkins. Events include story time by the author, a stamp-design contest and other activities for kids.
• Where: Postal History Foundation, 920 N. First Ave.
• When: 10 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Tuesday
• Cost: Admission is free to children and adults. Books will be sold for $9.99 each, and three different commemorative envelopes with a camel cancel will be available for $2.50 each. Proceeds from the book and commemorative envelopes go to support the nonprofit foundation.
• For more information: 623-6652, email@example.com


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This event has already taken place. Click here for the latest events.25-05-2014 12:00:00 25-05-2014 12:00:00 America/New_York Lobster Days | 11am-4pm Crack your first lobster claw of the season at Mystic Seaport's butter-dribbling, shell-sucking, quintessentially New England Lobster Days during Memorial Day Weekend. Lobsters in the rough are served by the Mystic Rotary Club. Lobster platters are served picnic-style under the Museum's open-air Boat Shed where diners can watch boats cruising on the Mystic River and enjoy music of the sea. All proceeds from Memorial Day Weekend support the Mystic Rotary Club's community organizations and projects. http://www.nymetroparents.com/2015neweventinfo.cfm?id=161307 Mystic Seaport Mystic Seaport
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US reports said News Corp was telling buyers that while the revamped site was expected to lose $US165 million this fiscal year (ending June 30), it would make an operating profit of $US15 million in 2012.
Although revenue is forecast to fall from $US109 million this year to $US84 million next year, the pitch book provided to potential buyers forecasts revenue will then grow to more than $US101 million in 2013, $US119 million in 2014 and $US139 million in 2015, according to US website TechCrunch.
News Corp is facing a challenging task convincing buyers that these forecasts have any credibility and to shell out anything close to the $US580 million it paid for MySpace parent Intermix Media in 2005.
"They are definitely not going to get back what they paid for it," social media analyst Kimberly Maul of eMarketer said.
News Corp has said it and bankers Allen & Co have been in talks with 20 interested parties but big internet names such as Google, Yahoo!, AOL and Zynga have been ruled out, leaving mostly financial buyers.
News Corp has indicated it may have to consider a management buyout or a deal in which it continues to hold equity, while some people have speculated it may have to give the business away. It has also approached and been rebuffed by music site Vevo.com.
Adding to its headaches, MySpace has been accused in a New York class action lawsuit of giving user data to aggregators without consent.
MySpace, founded by Chris DeWolfe (no longer at MySpace but a mooted buyer) and Tom Anderson in 2003, was once the most popular social networking website, commanding 75.9 million US users at its peak in December 2008 and bringing in $US900 million in revenue that year, before being overtaken by rival Facebook.
News Corp is trying to restore growth by repositioning the site, not as a direct competitor to Facebook but as a music and entertainment portal (it was originally set up in part for fans to connect to music bands).
In February, MySpace's US unique monthly visitors slumped 44 per cent from a year earlier to 37.7 million, while those visitors spent 59 per cent less time on the site.
Facebook has more than 600 million active users and, based on recent transactions, an implied market value of $US80 billion, some $US32 billion more than the market capitalisation of all News Corp.
The co-founder of Los Angeles-based social media consulting firm MarKyr Media, Marjorie Kase, said one of the reasons Facebook had proved more successful than MySpace was that its management was more open to collaborating with third-party application developers.
MySpace was initially resistant to open its platform to developers (some say because it did not want other corporate brands promoted on its site) and by the time it did it was well behind Facebook.
MySpace's rejigged strategy to become a music-entertainment portal was "too little, too late", Ms Kase said. "The concept of narrowing your focus to music right now seems pretty desperate – the music industry is dying or dead as we know it."
MySpace's US ad revenue fell 39 per cent in 2010 to $US273.8 million, according to estimates, while the News Corp segment that includes it reported an operating loss of $US156 million for the quarter ended December 31, mostly due to MySpace's losses.
MySpace's woes have been in part attributed to News Corp's focus on generating ad revenues – including via a revenue deal with Google – at the expense of innovation. It was also handicapped by being based in Los Angeles, where programmer talent is harder to come by than in San Francisco. Since 2009, MySpace has gone through sweeping management changes, lay-offs and restructuring that some say has sapped the morale of those employees left.
As portrayed in the film The Social Network, Facebook instead took the "ads are not cool" approach of focusing on building up as many users as possible rather than trying to make money from the site as quickly as possible.
A lot of the more traditional news media were still trying to figure social media out, Ms Maul said.
The Australian Financial Review


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American Wagner gambles on 'vicious' new program in Sochi
SOCHI, Russia (Reuters) - Controversially gifted a spot on the U.S. Olympic figure skating team despite an error-strewn performance at the national championships, Ashley Wagner decided only radical change would give her shot at the podium in Sochi.
Wagner ditched the problematic long program she had been rehearsing all season just weeks before the February 7-23 Sochi Olympics. She concedes making the decision so close to the Games was a massive gamble.
"It is absolutely crazy, insane that I decided to change it, but I am so passionate about what I do and so driven to get onto that Olympic podium, I just felt in my heart that program was not going to get me there," she said.
"It's a big risk."
Wagner's skate at nationals ended in tears, fourth place and a sleepless night while she prayed selectors would overlook her performance and select her for one of the three places.
Gracie Gold earned her Olympic ticket after capturing her first national title while 15-year-old sensation Polina Edmunds took second, locking up two of the three spots.
Mirai Nagasu, who was fourth at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics, placed third and had looked set to grab the final position.
However, a nine-member panel awarded it to Wagner based on the two-time national champion's past performances.
"Seeing Sochi 2014 and the Olympic rings everywhere, you know, I kind of half to pinch myself," she said. Continued...


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Volvo S80 Models and S80 History
The 1998 S80 by Volvo featured a brand new design and offered an inline six-cylinder engine with integrated GSM phone. Only minor changes to trims were noted for model year 1999, with dual-stage airbags being made standard. In 2000, an emergency trunk release handle was added as well as Emergency Brake Assistance (EBA), improved traction control, several new colors, and updates to various trim levels. 2001 would see no changes. But in 2002, the S80 offered a new front grille, an updated rear fascia, new door panels and a new gauge cluster. The optional Blind Spot Information System (BLIS) debuted in 2003, with minor tweaks being made to a few trim levels.
Some trim level shuffling was in store in 2004, with an all-new design being released in 2005 that offered a powerful (optional) V8 engine. Following the brand new design, only minor trim and cosmetic tweaks took place from 2006-2007. In 2008, a turbocharged six-cylinder engine was offered, making 281 horsepower. Active bi-xenon headlamps and Bluetooth integration became standard features in 2009. A major overhaul of options was the theme for 2010, alongside a newly designed interior cabin. 2012-2013 yielded only changes to options and trims. But in 2014, the front grille was updated and the S80 got new tires, headlamps, an instrument display, steering wheel, and updates were made to all trim levels and options.
New and Used S80 Prices, Volvo S80 Model Years and History
2016 Volvo S80
Volvo's large-sized S80 careens into 2016 packed with features.
2015 Volvo S80
The flagship sedan in the Volvo line-up, the 2015 S80 delivers luxury amenities with the efficiency of a turbocharged engine power.
2014 Volvo S80
A safe and quick car, the 2014 Volvo S80 has been updated on the exterior and in the interior of the mid-size entry-level luxury sedan.
2013 Volvo S80
Carried over for 2013, the Volvo S80 is a mid-size entry-level luxury sedan powered by two different engines; a standard 3.2-liter V6 (240 hp) and an optional 3.0-liter turbocharged V6 (300 hp).
2012 Volvo S80
The 2012 Volvo S80 is a mid-size entry-level luxury sedan available with navigation, heated seats, rear seat entertainment system, and dual xenon HID headlights.
2011 Volvo S80
A mid-size entry-level luxury sedan, the 2011 Volvo S80 combines legendary Volvo safety with a taste of luxury.
2010 Volvo S80
A sporty full-size sedan fitted with luxury options and a long list of standard safety equipment, the 2010 Volvo S80 is available with FWD or AWD.
2009 Volvo S80
Much more than just a luxury sedan, the 2009 Volvo S80 exhibits substance with its first-class safety, functional interior, comfortable seating and powerful engines.
2008 Volvo S80
A premium full-size sedan with excellent standard safety features, the 2008 Volvo S80 is available with an all-new 281 hp turbocharged 3.0L engine known as the T6.
2007 Volvo S80
The 2007 Volvo S80 is an all-new sedan that is loaded with cutting edge safety features while still offering a sporty ride.
2006 Volvo S80
The 2006 Volvo S80 is a premium full-size sedan that seats five-passenger comfortably and surrounds them with the most up to-date standard safety equipment.
2005 Volvo S80
A full-size five-passenger sedan, the 2005 Volvo S80 is offered with a choice between two turbocharged engines and 2WD or AWD.
2004 Volvo S80
The 2004 Volvo S80 is a full-size premium sedan with seating for up to five passengers, a choice between three engines, and revised front and rear styling for the new model year.
2003 Volvo S80
The 2003 Volvo S80 is a full-size five-passenger sedan, the largest in the lineup, which comes standard with features such as dual-zone climate control, keyless entry, and heated seats.
2002 Volvo S80
The 2002 Volvo S80 is a premium full-size sedan that seats five passengers, is very well-equipped with upscale amenities, and is available with a choice between two sporty engines.
2001 Volvo S80
The 2001 Volvo S80 is a sporty full-size sedan fitted with premium amenities, and it offers room for five passengers and a choice between three well-equipped trims.
2000 Volvo S80
A full-size premium FWD sedan with seating for five, the 2000 Volvo S80 is a showcase for the more stylish and updating exterior and interior design that Volvo is utilizing.
1999 Volvo S80
The 1999 Volvo S80 is a brand-new, full-size premium sedan which seats five passengers and is being called their safest car ever made.


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Charlie Samuel, the 50-year-old transient who kidnapped and killed Lily Burk in July 2009, will escape a possible death penalty by pleading today to first-degree murder, carjacking and other crimes. He was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Burk, who was 17, was found dead in her car in Downtown after being forced by Samuel to drive through the city and attempt to withdraw money for an ATM. Samuel was arrested within hours of the killing for drinking in public. At today's hearing, Samuel said he hoped Burk's family would forgive him. "I'd like to deeply, truly apologize to the family for the grief I've caused," he said. "I pray to God that you may forgive me one day." LAT, LA Weekly
More by Kevin Roderick:Ralph Lawler of the Clippers and the age of Aquarius
Riding the Expo Line to USC 'just magical'
Last bastion of free parking? Loyola Marymount to charge students
Matt Kemp, Dodgers and Kings start big weekend the right way
LA Times writers revisit their '92 riots observations
Recent Crime stories on LA Observed:LAPD, Trutanich add more muscle around USC
Serial rapist who stopped in 2005 active again, LAPD says
Tow truck guy leads LAPD on two-hour chase
Chinese students murdered near USC 'were nearly inseparable'
LA Times geography throws USC a curve
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This silky smooth soup is named for the wife of Greenbrier executive chef Richard Rosendale, because she loves it and he makes it for her at home. (At the resort restaurant, it's sometimes called Butternut Veloute With Maple Chantilly.)
Savory is complemented with a touch of sweetness in the cream whipped with maple syrup, added just before serving.
Servings: 6
Yield: Makes about 8 cups
- For the soup
- 1 tablespoon unsalted butter
- 1 medium onion, cut into small dice
- 2 ribs celery, cut into small dice
- Flesh from a 2 1/2-to-3-pound butternut squash, cut into chunks (about 5 cups)
- Pinch ground cinnamon
- Pinch freshly grated nutmeg
- 1 quart no-salt-added homemade or store-bought chicken broth
- Water (optional)
- 1 banana, cut crosswise into thin slices
- 2 cups heavy (whipping) cream
- Salt
- Freshly ground black pepper
- For the topping
- 1 cup heavy (whipping) cream
- 2 tablespoons good-quality maple syrup, plus more for optional drizzling
- Chopped pecans, chopped spinach, dried cranberries and/or cooked, diced chicken, for garnish (optional)
- Ground cinnamon, for garnish
For the soup: Melt the butter in a large pot over medium heat. Add the onion and celery, stirring to coat; cook for about 8 minutes until the onion is translucent.
Add the squash, cinnamon and nutmeg, stirring to coat, then add the broth. If the solids are not completely submerged, add water as needed. Add the banana slices, then add the cream. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Use an immersion (stick) blender to puree the soup until its texture is silky smooth. Cook just long enough for the soup to begin to bubble at the edges, then taste and adjust the seasoning as needed. Reduce the heat to medium-low.
For the topping: Combine the cream and maple syrup in the bowl of a stand mixer or hand-held electric mixer. Beat on low speed to start, then on high speed to form stiff peaks. Cover and refrigerate until ready to use.
When ready to serve, divide the soup among individual bowls. Add a generous portion of whipped maple cream; if desired, drizzle with syrup and sprinkle on some of the garnishes. Dust the cream with cinnamon and serve right away.
Recipe Source
Adapted from Rosendale, executive chef at the Greenbrier in White Sulphur Springs, W.Va.
Tested by Bonnie S. Benwick.
Email questions to the Food Section at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Aplicativos do Azure Active Directory
Dream Broker Studio
Dream Broker Ltd
Solution for online video creation, editing and sharing.
By default, Dream Broker Studio works with Azure AD. To get started, sign up for Dream Broker Studio using an account in your instance of Azure AD.
* Enterprise Single Sign-On - Azure Active Directory supports rich enterprise-class single sign-on with Dream Broker Studio out of the box. Users sign in using their organizational accounts hosted in Active Directory.
* Easy Configuration - Azure Active Directory provides a simple step-by-step user interface for connecting Service Now to Azure AD.


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Contact us 24/7: +1 877 678 9627
View product details
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Cult Australian brand We Are Handsome has taken the swimwear world by storm since its launch in 2009. This triangle bikini is one of its best-selling styles and a fashion favorite. We love this bold eagle-print version - worn with a stack of gold bracelets it's perfect for making a splash at the beach.
Wear it with: T by Alexander Wang dress, Monica Vinader bracelet, Ashley Pittman bracelets, Aurélie Bidermann ring, Yves Saint Laurent ring, Ancient Greek Sandals shoes, Jimmy Choo bag.
- - Multicolored printed polyester-blend
- - Triangle top
- - Partially lined
- - Beaded ties at halterneck, back and sides of briefs
- - 84% polyester, 16% elastromeic
- - Hand wash
Product Code: 336872
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Product Code: 336872


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Your Cat, Your Life
The Scoop
Cat News, Politics
Meow-Out-Loud Humor
Cat Chic
Gear and Glam
Your cat loves a clean toilet -- don't we all? Catster's singing Cat Lady, Sarah Donner, explains why.
Cat Breeds
Foods & Treats
Health & Care
Behavior & Training
Cats & Cleaning
Cat of the Day
Photo Comments
Bandit and I went to the vet again on Saturday. The vets says we are doing good. We got our second set of vaccinations...I wan't too happy with being poked, I dont like needles too much, but Bandit purred the whole time. He purred so much and so hard that the vet couldn't check his pulse. Well time for the bad news...the doc says I still have ear mites, so mommy has to keep us on medication awhile longer. When she first got us, the mites where really bad. There still not good, but getting better. The doc also thinks I might have hyperthoyridism, but could be certain. My pulse was so fast, but it could have been just because I was said. The doctor told my mommy to keep an eye on me and we'll take it from there...Now for the good news. The doc said I gain a whole pound!!! That made my mommy very happy, being as she was very worried about me being under weight...Well that all for now...
Copyright © I-5 Publishing, LLC. All rights reserved.
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Alongside the passive solar renovation of our 100-year-old villa in Castlecliff, we also "renovated" our section from a weed-infested food desert to a thriving food oasis.
Starting with sand, couch grass, kikuyu, convolvulus, and pampas lily of the valley, the process of transformation has been slow, but steady. Now that we are midway through our third summer, the property has reached a level of lushness and productivity that gives a feeling of satisfaction - especially when tucking into a big bowl of fresh strawberries.
We were able to achieve these results using much of the same thinking that has provided us with a power bill in the low double-digits. This "eco-thrifty thinking" - similar in many ways to the concept of permaculture - aims for low input and high performance, based upon a solid foundational structure. For the villa, this meant significant investments in insulation, solar hot water, and additional glazing on the north side. For the gardens, this meant investments in wind protection, topsoil, and compost.
All of these investments in sustainable infrastructure serve as prerequisites for long-term high-performance. For the villa, high-performance is measured by thermal comfort and low power bills.
For the gardens, high-performance is measured in plentiful, healthy kai. All of these investments can also be measured by payback period - a concept highlighted over the last three weeks of this column.
Without wind protection and a small amount of topsoil, I reckon growing fruit and veg one street behind Seafront Road would be a constant struggle.
People in these parts say "sand eats compost."
By this, they mean that compost quickly decomposes and leaches through the porous sand, leaving little nutrition. A top dressing of topsoil, however, binds compost where it can be reached by plants' roots. Topsoil is also better at retaining water than sand. Our annual vegetable gardens - about 40 square metres - are dressed with 70-80mm of topsoil, for a total of about 3 cubic metres. This purchase from a local landscape supplier with free trailer hire cost a couple hundred dollars and will pay for itself over years and years of increased vegetable yields. Using topsoil is similar to improving the thermal performance of the house with insulation - it slows the leaching of nutrients out of a garden just as insulation slows the passage of heat through the walls of a home. In the last two years, in our 70-80mm of topsoil, using organic methods we have grown a 4kg cauliflower, a 3kg broccoli, a 3kg purple cabbage, a 1.2kg red onion, and over 500 soft neck garlic.
But we have also had some failures - our first year of potatoes was pathetic, and I have had trouble germinating basil and courgettes this year.
On the other hand, we had ripe tomatoes before Christmas without a glass house.
Over the last decade-plus, I have been studying low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), and experimenting with different methods, tools, techniques and strategies. I think I may have learned a thing or two worthy of sharing with others. If you would like to learn about boosting the productivity of your veg garden without significant investments of money or effort, you may be interested in one of the upcoming ECO School events as listed in the sidebar.
Nelson Lebo is co-founder of the ECO School with his wife, Dani. firstname.lastname@example.com - 022 635 0868 - 06 344 5013. They have renovated an old villa at Castlecliff with green principles and sustainability in mind.


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The Eurovision song contest has led to speculations of tactical voting, discriminating against some participants and inducing bias in the final results. Analysis of patterns over two decades has found that voting is more likely to be driven by positive loyalties based on culture, geography, history and migration.
In the study, published open access in the Journal of Applied Statistics, researchers used computer analysis to reveal clusters of countries with similar voting behaviors, and investigate the presence of positive or negative bias.
The researchers used a 'Bayesian hierarchical formulation' to model the scores. They took into account factors like the language of the song and the gender of the singer, both of which have known effects on the votes. This left behind an underlying trend to measure, based on cultural and geographical similarities, as well as migrations of people.
Co-author Dr Gianluca Baio said: "Migration seems to be an interesting explanation for some of the patterns that we see in the data. For example, Turkey seems to be scored highly by German voters, possibly due to the large number of Turkish people who have migrated to Germany, and potentially tele-vote from there. But our analysis found no convincing evidence of negative bias or discrimination against anyone -- no country really has any enemies."
In line with previous findings, the analysis of the data suggests that voting congregates within four broad groups of nations that tend to give each other points: one combining the former Yugoslavia, Switzerland and Austria; one covering central and Southern Europe; plus a larger bloc which includes the former Soviet bloc as well as the UK, Ireland and Scandinavia, which cleaves more-or-less randomly into two groups each year.
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Materials provided by Taylor & Francis. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
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Home > National News > Article
A motorist who fatally stabbed a drunken man acted in a "blind panic" when the man approached his car, a court heard yesterday.
Paul Winter, 39, of Chelsea Heights, denies intentionally murdering David Vanvelzen, 35, in Frankston on August 31, 2002.
Prosecutor Sue Pullen said the row started after Winter sounded his horn when he was forced to stop his car as Mr Vanvelzen stepped from a car in a left-turn lane at the intersection of Playne and Young streets.
She said Mr Vanvelzen, who moved slowly and was later found to have a blood alcohol reading of .21, remonstrated and walked to the window of Winter's car.
Witnesses then saw Mr Vanvelzen stagger backwards before collapsing by the roadside, bleeding heavily.
An autopsy report after he died during emergency surgery at the Frankston Hospital found he had suffered a stab wound to his aorta, causing "torrential hemorrhaging, subsequent hypertension and death".
Ms Pullen said Winter revved his engine as the victim staggered from the car before driving off, "knowing Mr Vanvelzen had been stabbed and was bleeding".
She said Winter had deliberately stabbed Mr Vanvelzen with a knife kept in his car.
She said Mr Vanvelzen, who suffered from depression after a car accident in 1993, had faced "issues" earlier that day, including an altercation with a babysitter and a row over a taxi fare, that had annoyed him.
Ms Pullen said Winter was out looking for his 14-year-old daughter before the argument, having learnt she had run away from a Department of Human Services home the night before.
The hold-up caused by Mr Vanvelzen annoyed him, she said.
"What really happened at the window is the crucial issue", she said. Ms Pullen disputed Winter's account to police that Mr Vanvelzen lunged at him and pulled his hair through the window.
Phillip Dunn, QC, representing Winter, said in his opening address: "If there's anyone here who is the victim of road rage it is Paul Winter."
Mr Vanvelsen was 182 centimetres, weighed more than 95 kilograms, had a shaved head, and was four to five times over the legal limit, he said.
He said his client never left his car during the exchange and the question to be asked was where would Mr Vanvelzen have had to place himself to account for the degree of force used and the angle of the wound.
Winter only reacted to the "very unusual situation he found himself in", he said.
"You see it was really a question of bad luck, or bad fate, that brought these two people together."
Mr Dunn said Winter kept the knife from his previous job running a camel-riding business.
The court heard earlier that Winter turned himself into police four days after the incident, claiming he did not know Mr Vanvelzen had been stabbed until he saw blood on the knife.
The case continues today.
- with AAP
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text: 04 Feb 2016 England's best hidden churches Previous slide Next slide 1 of 10 View All Skip Ad St. Katherine's, Chiselhampton, Oxfordshire Sir John Betjeman was so fond of St Katherine's that he wrote: "Every wand'ring thought will cease/ Before the noble altarpiece/ With carven swags array'd/ For there in letters all may read/ The Lord's Commandments, Prayer and Creed/ Are decently display'd." The church, known as the "Georgian Doll's House" of Oxfordshire, has an ornate but slightly top-heavy clock. Read more: Expert guide to Oxford Expert guide to the Cotswolds See the Churches Conservation Trust website here St Katherine's, along with all the churches in this gallery, are featured in a new book "Beautiful Churches Saved by The Churches Conservation Trust" by Matthew Byrne, with a foreword by HRH The Prince of Wales. The hardback book can be bought for £20 from the Telegraph Bookstore . By Lizzie Porter Matthew Byrne Back to image


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- > Do-It-Yourself Appliance Repair Help > The Kitchen Appliance Repair Forum > GE refrigerator PFS22SISBSS 2006 Compressor testing
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|GE refrigerator PFS22SISBSS 2006 Compressor testing
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|Posted: Wed Nov 17th, 2010 06:48 am
|21st Post
Fellow, Academy of Sublime Masters of Appliantology
|besides the +12v DC and Common, it uses the other wires for speed control and feedback.
may not run if connected to +12v ...
and may be different control feedback signals for each Fan ..
Need parts? Call our Parts Department now! 877-803-7957
|Posted: Wed Nov 17th, 2010 07:33 am
|22nd Post
|Aha, so it is a variable speed fan as I had anticipated; the GE Tech who came by on Monday could not confirm for me either way if it is single speed or variable.
Thanks for the information.
|Posted: Wed Nov 17th, 2010 10:23 pm
|23rd Post
|Condenser fan red to white tests @ 1000 ohms. I can only hope that once I install the new board that I do not find that the compressor is frozen/non-functioning.
|Posted: Sat Nov 20th, 2010 12:21 am
|24th Post
|The good news-
New board just arrived, removed the original one and installed the replacement and plugged the unit in. All the normal start-up sounds and the condenser fan now spins at full tilt.
The bad news-
The run capacitor/relay clicks in but you can definitively hear a buzzing/arching type sound for about 5-8 seconds and then it kicks off; the compressor does not even give any hint of starting up. I let it run this cycle twice before unplugging the unit.
Revisiting testing the compressor, run capacitor and overload relay.
Touching the three pins in any order of pairs coming off the compressor, all show continuity (to 0). Touching any one of these pins in succession and touching bare metal on the compressor housing returns infinity. Could the compressor still be bad (frozen) internally?
Now this is the curious part; if I touch the blue and black wires connecting to the overload relay I get continuity (to 0), but when I probe the three receptacles (the pairings to the pins from the compressor) I get infinity regardless of combination. When I pull out the run capacitor just enough to get the probes in, touching the two spades (overload relay to run capacitor) also returns infinity. Do these results point to any issues with these two components?
Now to call and schedule a GE Tech again as I probably won't see one until after the holiday.
As always, any guidance gladly accepted and appreciated.
|Posted: Sat Nov 20th, 2010 01:32 am
|25th Post
Fellow, Academy of Sublime Masters of Appliantology
|sounds like it's a bad Start Relay on the Compressor
I'm not sure about all of your OHM readings, but you should be using a digital OHM meter on the 200 OHM scale.
The Compressor pin combinations should read anywhere from about 3 OHMs to 12 OHMs
Need parts? Call our Parts Department now! 877-803-7957
|Posted: Sat Nov 20th, 2010 01:47 am
|26th Post
|Well I called it on the GE service- not scheduled until Monday 11/29 in the afternoon.
The start relay is an inexpensive enough part. I'm going to try and locate one locally tomorrow and see where that leads.
|Posted: Tue Nov 23rd, 2010 10:08 pm
|27th Post
|New Run Capacitor installed- same symptoms as before:
The run capacitor/relay clicks in but you can definitively hear a buzzing/arching type sound for about 5-8 seconds and then it kicks off; the compressor does not even give any hint of starting up. I let it run this cycle twice before unplugging the unit.
All the compressor Ohm tests are spot on. What would fail inside the compressor that would not show up in the resistance tests?
Any specific tests/readings that can be done on the overload relay? It just does not make sense that that part is bad as the capacitor and relay are clicking in and out.
|Posted: Tue Nov 30th, 2010 02:02 am
|28th Post
|GE Tech shows up today, doesn't have an overload relay in his truck to test on my unit; but what really killed me was that even if he did, he couldn't sell it to me or leave it installed. Oh no, we'd have to order a new part through GE and reschedule another visit when the part came in!!!!!
What kind of lame BS is that!!! DIY, it's the way to go.
OK, now that I got that off my chest.......
The tech did connect a bypass harness to the compressor. It started up and hummed like a charm. That's a good thing (provided it stays healthy and does it's job).
I should have just bought the overload relay two weeks ago with the capacitor; would have been a more direct approach and saved me the service call $$$.
|Posted: Thu Dec 2nd, 2010 09:04 pm
|29th Post
GE part number WR08X10061 Overload Relay is a sub-part of GE part number WR07X10097 PTC And O.L.P Assembly. As we all know, the Run Capacitor (which I have now purchased but did not/do not need) plugs into the back side of the assembly and the assembly plugs onto the compressor.
Ideally it makes sense to just change out the whole assembly part; the problem is virtually everyone across the country is back-ordered on this assembly for about three more weeks (a common estimate that does not take into account shipment time to me). This leads to the dilemma portion of life.
Now in order to extract the Overload Relay from the PTC/O.L.P. Assembly, one tends to do a fair amount of damage to the assembly housing (I did at least) but not so much that it becomes unusable (hopefully).
After extracting the overload relay, it tests to about .5 ohms. Is this acceptable? If this test result is acceptable this means the fault is in the circuit board portion of the assembly and its 'order and wait' time.
If this test result is not acceptable, this part is readily available.
Testing the contacts (top left and top right) that are bridged by the circuit board result in infinity. This to me does not seem to be a good result. A second opinion would be highly valued!
I just would hate to buy the Overload Relay, install it and then still need to go back and buy the assembly.
|Posted: Thu Apr 28th, 2011 02:35 pm
|30th Post
Merit Apprentice Appliantologist
|Hi Folks,
I had replaced the condenser fan motor on my fridge about 2 years ago. I kept the original motor and tested it, 1.75kOhm (1750 Ohms) between red and white wires. Your note would imply that since the resistance is greater than 1000 Ohms, the motor should be good. This motor was not turning. When I replaced it with the new one, the new one worked. I had tested the resisitance of different wires on both the new and old motor back then and recall that there were some differences but I don't have any notes to share.
What are the other wires (blue, yellow) for?
Does anyone have a wiring diagram for the PFS22SISBSS boat anchor? Sorry but this fridge is a piece of crap, but may make a decent boat anchor.
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Phillips, Peter and Friday, Adrian and Cheverst, Keith and , EPSRC (Funder) (2001) Understanding Existing Smart Environments: A Brief Classification. In: Workshop on Ubiquitous Computing in Domestic Environments, 2001-10-01. (Unpublished)
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In recent years, smart environments have emerged as a key target area for ubiquitous and pervasive computing research. As technologists contemplate moving the focus of their research from proprietary laboratories into real living spaces, such as the domestic environment, it becomes important to gain an understanding of existing work and experiences in this area. As part of our work within the Domus strand of the Equator IRC, we have conducted an extensive survey of existing smart environment computing research; we have discovered a rich and diverse set of work drawn from many disciplines. In this paper we present an initial design space for domestic focused technologies and highlight areas that we believe require further work. In addition, we highlight a number of design opportunities drawn from the existing work in this area.
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The fifth-generation, four-cylinder Altima gets an EPA-rated 27 miles per gallon city, 38 miles per gallon highway and 31 miles per gallon combined. The Altima Hybrid got 33s across the board. Nissan has just started shipping the new Altimas to dealers.
Nissan says that the car's gas tank is big enough to provide 684 miles of highway-cruising range. The company started producing the fifth-generation Altima at its Smyrna, TN factory last month and has since started production at a second plant in Mississippi. Nissan is hoping the Altima, which was the second-best selling car in the U.S. last year, can overtake the Toyota Camry. Last year, the Camry sold about 15 percent more units than the Altima.
- U.S. EPA Officially Certifies Altima Fuel Economy as Highest in the Mid-Size Sedan Segment; Altima Production Began Yesterday in Mississippi
FRANKLIN, Tenn. - The all-new 2013 Nissan Altima, the first of five all-new models Nissan will introduce in the next 15 months, is on the way to dealers as of yesterday, the same day Nissan began production at its second U.S. assembly plant in Canton, Miss. By the end of this year, both plants will operate three shifts each to maximize production of the country's second best-selling car.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also just certified the 2013 Nissan Altima as the most fuel-efficient gasoline mid-size car in America, with ratings of 27 mpg city, 38 mpg highway and 31 mpg combined. The 4-cylinder Altima, with a standard 18-gallon fuel tank, is capable of going up to 684 miles on a single tank of fuel - one of the best of any gasoline-only automobiles in America.
"This is a huge day for the Nissan brand as we ramp up production and begin shipping the new, fuel-efficient Altimas to our dealers," said Bill Krueger, vice chairman, Nissan Americas. "The new Altima is a game-changer for the mid-size market and our dealers can't wait to share it with our customers."
The release of the new Altima comes in advance of the vehicle's official on-sale date of late June, allowing Nissan dealers the opportunity to conduct test drives with potential customers. Nissan has experienced unprecedented interest in the new model with 1.5 million individuals visiting a pre-order website created to deliver information about the new car and gauge interest in early orders. More than 30,000 customers have expressed an interest in the car through the pre-order website, which also offers those placing an order a complimentary three-year scheduled maintenance program valued at $700 (see details on nissanusa.com).
The offer remains available on the site, www.nissanusa.com/all-new-altima through June. Prices for the 2013 Nissan Altima start at $21,500 USD.
When the all-new Altima sedans equipped with a 2.5-liter four cylinder engine and new Xtronic Continuously Variable Transmission leave the assembly plants, they will carry a window sticker declaring the best-in-segment EPA fuel economy rating of 38 miles per gallon (mpg) on the highway. The EPA fuel economy certification is as follows:
2.5-liter I-4 Altima EPA Fuel Economy:
City - 27 mpg; Overall - 31 mpg; Highway - 38 mpg
In addition to its unprecedented fuel economy performance, Altima offers numerous segment exclusive attributes and Nissan signature innovations, including:
- Ride comfort, control and fun-to-drive demeanor, including better 0 - 60 mph acceleration than other top-selling mid-size sedans as demonstrated in independent third party testing
- Available Next-generation Safety Shield Technologies, including Blind Spot Warning (BSW), Lane Departure Warning (LDW) and Moving Object Detection (MOD) systems using an innovative single rear camera
- Easy-Fill Tire Alert, which sounds the car horn to notify a person filling a tire with air when the tire reaches recommended tire pressure - no gauge needed
- Headlights that automatically switch on when the windshield wipers are in use
- Windshield wipers that park themselves off the windshield when the vehicle is turned off with the wipers on and in mid-cycle
- Premium exterior styling with a powerful presence and improved aerodynamics
- Upscale interior rivaling premium luxury sedans, including NASA-inspired "zero-gravity" seats, an Advanced Drive-Assist™ Display and BOSE® Premium Audio System
- Standard Bluetooth® Hands-Free Phone system and Streaming Audio via Bluetooth®
- Available NissanConnectSM and NissanConnectSM Navigation with a suite of Bluetooth® phone connectivity features, including hands-free text message integration, Pandora® playback, real-time Google® POI search and more
- Advanced Drive-Assist™ Display with 4-inch color screen standard on every model, which is customizable, easy-to-use and integrates key information right in front of the driver
- World-first multi-link rear suspension with connect bushings and Sachs damper to deliver outstanding handling
- Active Understeer Control, which uses advanced electronic stability control algorithms to improve cornering and provide a more confident driving experience
- About Nissan North America
- In North America, Nissan's operations include automotive styling, engineering, consumer and corporate financing, sales and marketing, distribution and manufacturing. Nissan is dedicated to improving the environment under the Nissan Green Program and has been recognized as an ENERGY STAR® Partner of the Year in 2010, 2011, and 2012 by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency. More information on Nissan in North America and the complete line of Nissan and Infiniti vehicles can be found online at www.NissanUSA.com and www.InfinitiUSA.com.


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Relax - Improve Visualization
by: YunXin Tech • 0
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Hypnosis is such a powerful tool for positive change but do you ever wish you could visualize better? Maybe you've listened to hypnotic sessions before and been relaxed but found it hard to actually visualize the suggested scenes and experiences.
It seems that some people naturally find it harder to visualize, and it maybe that you're more comfortable using other senses.
What's your predominant sense?
We all tend to have a favorite sense; you may find it easier to imaginatively evoke a taste, smell, kinesthetic feeling or sound easier that you can a sight. But you can greatly improve your capacity to visualize.
You might go so far to say you 'don't visualize!'. Of course if you couldn't visualize at all, you wouldn't know how to recognize things. If you ever visualized in a dream (and most people have in incredible detail) then you can visualize - it just seems as if you can't because it hasn't, until now, been consciously directed.
Taking the pressure off
In this session we are going to take any pressure to visualize right off so you start to relax with the process and have it happen naturally and easily. The part of your brain that visualizes when you dream is the same part that visualizes when you relax in hypnosis.
The benefits of visualization
Being able to hypnotically visualize is great but to benefit from a hypnotic session you don't necessarily need to see in great detail just a flash here and there may be enough to change an unwanted behavioral and emotional program into a more desirable one.
But just like working a muscle you can greatly improve your powers of visualization which will benefit your creativity, powers of observation, recall and memory and enjoyment of life.
This session will be wonderfully relaxing but also engage the part of your mind that naturally visualizes making it stronger so you'll find your visual sense wonderfully enriched.
The more you relax to this session the easier you'll find it to relax and visualize at the same time.
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Rebeca Calderón Pittman exhibition: 'Transcending Clutter'
Savannah, GA
1 N. Fahm St.
The Savannah College of Art and Design presents a thesis exhibition by M.F.A. painting student Rebeca Calderón Pittman. Born in Guatemala City, Guatemala, Pittman explores the different facets of mediation through work that combines the medium of acrylic with that of digital painting. She has shown her work in Guatemala, Spain, France and Japan. Her paintings are in private and institutional collections including the Bank of Guatemala, PNC Bank and the Cincinnati Art Museum.
Reception: Friday, May 16, 6-7:30 p.m.
Gallery hours: Monday-Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The exhibition and reception are free and open to the public.


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Interesting that if I buy a car from a family member I don't have to pay sales taxes.<quoted text>
Of course you would blame Obama because you're not old enough to remember YOUR argument of double taxation has been around for a VERY LONG time.
I'm sure every dollar you earn has been taxed many multiple times before you got it. So therefore it is double taxation to tax you on it, right? You buy a used car. When it was purchased new sales tax was paid. Now that you are purchasing it, used, you don't have to pay sales tax because sales taxes were already paid on it, right? Assuming of course the sale at new and at used were in the same state. Sold used in another state would be different, right?
No I'm not justifying it. You're just operating on a technicality that thus far hasn't been followed through with yet.
I would suggest you watch the Milton Friedman video on estate taxes.


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Healey Hotel
Select your stay dates to check availability at Healey Hotel
Healey Hotel
About the Hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Healey Hotel in Batley, you'll be convenient to Redbrick Mill and Dewsbury Town Hall. This hotel is within close proximity of Dewsbury Minster and Mecca Bingo.
Stay in one of 21 guestrooms featuring flat-screen televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available to keep you connected. Bathrooms have bathtubs or showers and complimentary toiletries. Conveniences include phones, as well as coffee/tea makers and complimentary bottled water.
Take in the views from a terrace and a garden and make use of amenities such as complimentary wireless Internet access. Additional features at this hotel include wedding services, a television in a common area, and a picnic area.
Enjoy a meal at a restaurant or in a coffee shop/café. Or stay in and take advantage of the hotel's room service (during limited hours). Relax with a refreshing drink at one of the 2 bars/lounges.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a business center, express check-in, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Planning an event in Batley? This hotel has 1076 square feet (100 square meters) of space consisting of a conference center and meeting rooms. Free self parking is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Business center
- Television in common areas
- Wedding services
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Coffee shop or café
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Smoke-free property
- Number of bars/lounges - 2
- Luggage storage
- Restaurant
- Express check-in
- Picnic area
- Children's club (free)
- Conference space size (meters) - 100
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Conference space
- Number of floors - 2
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Terrace
- Free self parking
- Garden
- Conference center
- Free WiFi
- Conference space size (feet) - 1076
- In-room accessibility
- Year Built 1800
- Laundry facilities
- Accessible bathroom
- Total number of rooms - 21
- Meeting rooms 2
Room Facilities
- Free WiFi
- Cribs/infant beds (surcharge)
- Bathtub or shower
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
- Flat-panel TV
- Free bottled water
- Phone
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Individually decorated
- Room service (limited hours)
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- A resort fee is included in the total price displayed.
- Up to 5 children 1 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
- This property allows pets in specific rooms only (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section). Guests can request one of these rooms by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Breakfast fee: between GBP 5 and GBP 10 per person (approximately)
- Pet fee: GBP 10 per accommodation, per night
- Early check-in fee: GBP 10
- Late check-out fee: GBP 10
- Crib (infant bed) fee: GBP 5 per night
- Rollaway bed fee: GBP 10.00 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Mandatory Fees and Taxes
The charges below are included in your overall room price:
- Resort fee
- In-room bottled water
- Parking
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


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Contact us 24/7: +1 877 678 9627
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- This item's measurements are:
- Length 190cm
- Width 148cm
Polka-dot prints are firmly in focus this season and Stella McCartney's black and white scarf is a great way to wear them. Wrap up in this super soft silk, cashmere and wool-blend piece, completing a playful weekend look with a statement cape and pleated orange skirt.
Shown here with: Stella McCartney cape and shoes, Jil Sander shirt, Yves Saint Laurent ring, Wolford tights, 3.1 Phillip Lim skirt, Jimmy Choo clutch.
- Stella McCartney scarf: black and white polka-dot print silk, cashmere and wool-blend, fringed trims. 35% silk, 35% cashmere, 30% wool. Dry clean.
Product Code: 172373
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Rockaway Development And Revitalization Corp. Hosts Business Gathering
In an effort to expand and keep business in the Rockaways, the Rockaway Development and Revitalization Corporation hosted a business card exchange gathering at Arverne By The Sea last week.
"Business on the east end and west end must talk. Imagine if you can capture the millions of dollars leaving the Rockaways," said Kevin Alexander, the executive director of RDRC, noting that portions of the area, from the business district in Far Rockaway to Beach 116 Street, have been designated an Empire Zone by the city.
"Our goal is to help all the businesses in the Rockaways," said Alexander.
Representatives from event sponsor National Grid/LIPA; Dianne Dixon, the deputy superintendent of the New York State Banking Department; LaVida Jervis, president of the Rockaway East Merchants Association (REMA); and Laura Sporny, the sales manager for ABTS were among those taking part in the card exchange.


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In 2006, Charity Intelligence started interviewing charities and gathering the data that we believed was most important. We gathered information on charities' management and operations, analyzed financial data, and dug into available information on the social results produced by charities – the impact of the charities' programs.
As many charities did not publicly disclose their audited financial statements, we added financial transparency as a key metric. Improving financial transparency in Canada's charity sector is a research initiative in 2016.
In order to understand a charity's social results Charity Intelligence has historically conducted management interviews with charities, as we have not typically found the required information readily available from public information. This process is time consuming, both for charities and for us, and is not feasible for the average donor. Thus, just as we added financial transparency to our metrics, we are now adding social results reporting as a component of our charity analysis.
In our management interviews, we have historically made an assessment of the strength of the management team based on the experience of the individuals as well as how the key management team operates. Going forward, we are looking to determine the best way of continuing this assessment. Again, as disclosure in this area is not strong, we will also be looking at how well charities disclose information about their organization. While we know that the management team is instrumental and that governance can play a key role, metrics in these areas are less well developed, so we will let results speak for the effectiveness of charities for now while we work on improving organizational metrics.
For more specific information on the key metrics that are currently on our basic online profiles, please see our charity profiles page.