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Netflix Killed the DVD Star... And Other History Lessons
Tech and media have been nurturing each other for 100+ years and they hate it.
Those whose paths I've crossed over the years have heard me repeat what has become a motto of sorts: "Everything Old is New Again" in media.
My main point is that the dogfighting we've just seen between Netflix and NATO (National Association of Theater Owners) on who is really killing film as a business and an art, is but the latest episode in a century-long battle between technology and media, between incumbents and new blood.
Auguste and Louis Lumière held their first public screening of films at which admission was charged was held on Dec. 28, 1895, at Salon Indien du Grand Café in Paris
At the dawn of cinema and the Lumières brothers' invention in 1895, vaudeville theatre owners cried wolf and tried to get cinemas shut down because they competed with their moneymaking live theatre. This was Tech vs Media Battle #1 -- vaudeville theater vs. cinema. Fast forward to the 20th Century, teens and these same vaudevillians had taken over the industry and were building the integrated studio system which lived on until the U.S. Supreme Court decision of 1948. Cinemas were sprouting up everywhere in the US, there were 5,000 screens in 1905 and 20,000 in 1920.
The second battle was shaping up as home entertainment was on the rise with the advent of radio as a mass medium but the apex was television which became de rigueur in the 1950s. The radio networks -- CBS, ABC, NBC -- morphed into television networks and live television gave way to recorded shows, financed by a steady stream of advertising. The promoters of branded content in 2013 should also remember that Procter&Gamble started its production division in the 1930s and that the "soap operas" that they produced and financed ran for decades -- Guiding Light for example started in radio in 1937 and only ended in 2009 !
Cross-country radio networks set up in the 20s, RCA-NBC in 1926, CBS in 1928. Their corporate "children" are still very much around...
Motorola print ad circa 1950
Television became the battleground for Tech vs Media Battle #2, now incumbent cinema vs. television. The studios vociferously argued that television was unfair competition, that tv was "giving" its product away as opposed to paid movie tickets, etc. These arguments from the 1950s are almost identical to the ones that entrenched incumbents of today use against digital media. This battle was being fought as the US Supreme Court broke up the integrated studio system in its 1948 US vs Paramount Pictures decision. The studios kept kicking and screaming against television, until they came to terms with it. They shrewdly realized that the switch from live television to recorded meant they could resell their ENTIRE film libraries and create a steady revenue stream, a "second window" for films. A modus vivendi lasted from the 1950s to the early 1970s, with Tech vs Media Battle #3, now incumbent cinema/tv against cable and VCRs.
An early push button cable tv box
The studio system was pretty much dead in the early 1970s and the corporatization of the industry was accelerating. MCA took over Universal in 1962, Gulf&Western acquired Paramount in 1966, Seagram bought MGM in 1967 only to sell it to Kirk Kerkorian in 1969, and Steve Ross's Kinney bought Seven Arts-Warner in 1969. The stage was set for the corporate-run studios to launch one of its most epic battles, which also ended in front of the Supreme Court,the Sony vs Universal "Betamax" case, which cemented the concept of recording shows as fair use. Yet again short-sighted incumbents were fighting windmills as they rambled against the unfair competition. The MPAA president Jack Valenti, testifying before the U.S. Congress in 1982 said: "the VCR is to the American film producer and the American public as the Boston strangler is to the woman home alone... We are going to bleed and bleed and hemorrhage, unless this Congress at least protect[s] one industry that is able to retrieve a surplus balance of trade and whose total future depends on its protection from the savagery and ravages of this machine."
Circa 1978, the taglines are eerily similar to the promise of VOD and SVOD.
The Court ruled against the studios in 1984 and cemented the "fair use" concept, aided by none other than Fred Rogers, yes Mr Rogers saved the VCR... All was forgiven and forgotten when the third window for films came forth with home video, which soon became the studios' main revenue stream. Plus ça change....
We're hearing the same ramblings today against digital media, as Netflix is being called the "Albanian army" by TimeWarner CEO Jeff Bewkes. The same apocalyptic tone as in past scuffles surrounds Tech vs Media Battle #4, with analog incumbents vs digital upstarts. The media conglomerates enjoyed the benefits of VHS and DVDs for a couple of decades and ran very profitable quarters. They are up in arms again with the logical consequence of the digitization of entertainment ie the disappearance of physical formats in favor of streaming. Legal streaming took root with iTunes and most spectacularly with Netflix which now accounts for a third of all U.S. bandwidth during prime time hours.
Netflix now totals 31M US subscribers vs 29M for HBO. Its international presence is also growing fast.
Just as HBO revolutionized pay television by developing its own original shows, Netflix did the same with House of Cards and Orange is the New Black. This strategy worked, as Netflix recently overtook HBO, totalling 31M US paid subscribers vs 29M for HBO. Netflix is paving the way for non-linear television, and just as HBO was followed by Showtime and Starz in the 1990s, Hulu and Amazon have now also commissioned original programming of their own. My prediction is that others will quickly follow suit, like Walmart's VUDU. Walmart has been the US's top DVD retailer and also foresaw the demise of physical formats and reacted wisely with the purchase of VUDU. Alongside subscription VOD (SVOD), the VOD market is blossoming,thanks to an aggressive push by the cable companies. VOD is becoming a key revenue-generating platform for studios and independent producers. VOD has allowed indie films to go beyond somewhat limited platform releases and address an underserved market, the roughly 100 million homes that had no access to art house movie theatres.
The two prime examples are Margin Call and Arbitrage, two moderately budgeted films that over-performed on VOD: Margin Call is reported to have generated more than $5 million through VOD and $5.3 million in US traditional box office. Arbitrage did better: it grossed $8 million in theatres and $14 million in VOD revenue. It remains to be seen if VOD is the new DVD but audiences at home are responding to the call.
Fast forward to the battle of words between Netflix's Sarandos and NATO's Fithian. Both make valid points but in the end, we are all serving one master, the consumer. Event films still get people into theaters but rising costs per ticket, coupled with audiences increasingly enjoying long form television on large screens at home is disrupting the theatre-first model. Illumination's Chris Meledandri also spoke this weekend about his sons' rapport with film: "I observe in them is a very different relationship to the cinema than I've ever seen in previous generations. Simply put: They don't have to go to the movies. I worry about a generation growing up without that habitual commitment to the movie theatre." The question is: are we still in Battle#4 or is this already Battle #4.5?
NYC's Rooftop Films (http://www.rooftopfilms.com/)
One (not so) crazy idea that I've been toying with: given the relative low cost of home theatre setups, why wouldn't the entertainment industry foster neighbourhood cinemas in the back of bars, cafés, etc. and create new, communal venues for a common cinema experience ? Rooftop cinemas in NYC, Melbourne, London are leading the way. Neighbourhood cinemas could compliment multiplexes and offer an additional alternative to VOD for non-tentpole, indie films that warrant a theater experience. One of the missing elements in the puzzle is VOD data, kudos to John Sloss from Cinetic for posting the data from the release of Escape From Tomorrow and for daring other distributors to follow in his footsteps.
Storytelling and technology have been unruly partners for more than 100 years, with a never ending cycle of new tech challenging the entrenched interests of incumbent players. When's the next battle?
Also on Huff Post:
NOVEMBER 2011 The beginning of Android Insanity 2012, the original Droid Razr was released in November 2011. It would be all but obsolete by February, with the release of the Droid Razr Maxx. Weight: 4.48 ounces Display: 4.3 inches, 256 ppi, 540 x 960 pixels Processor: dual-core, 1.2 GHz, 1GB RAM Battery 12.5 hours talk, 1,780 mAH Operating system: Android 2.3 Gingerbread (initially) Keep your eye on these specs: the operating system, the battery life, the processor speed, the RAM and the display size. All will increase as we move forward in time. Onward!
DECEMBER 2011 At the beginning of the year, the Galaxy Nexus was probably the Android smartphone to own. It was the first phone with Android 4.0, or Ice Cream Sandwich, and would remain so for several more months; it came with a large (at the time!) beautiful display and a quick processor. It was a summation of what Android could be and a preview of the direction of the OS, especially in terms of display size and quality. (Remember the number 316 pixels-per-inch on the display, or PPI; the higher the PPI, the better. You're going to see this number increase from the 200s to a mandatory 300+ number as 2012 progresses). Weight: 4.76 ounces Display: 4.65 inches, 720 x 1,280 pixels, 316 ppi Processor: dual-core, 1.2 GHz, 1GB RAM Battery: 17.66 hours talk time, 1,750 mAh Operating system: Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich -- first phone with ICS) Yes, as we celebrated New Year's Eve 2012, the Galaxy Nexus was the superphone of superphones. Until...
FEBRUARY 2012 WHAT CHANGED: Screen size, screen size, screen size. Weight: 6.28 ounces Display: 5.3 inches, 800 x 1,280 pixels, 285 ppi Processor: dual-core, 1.4 GHz, 1GB RAM Battery: 26 hours, 2,500 mAh OS: Gingerbread, upgraded to ICS The 4.65-inch display on the Galaxy Nexus (previous slide) seemed positively gargantuan at the end of 2011; today, it's something like mid-size, thanks to a revolution in large displays brought about by Samsung and its Galaxy Note. Popularly referred to as a "phablet" (half-phone, half-tablet), the Note is noteworthy (see what I did there?) mainly for its size. Its pixel density (ppi) remains relatively low, as does its weak battery life (though the Note featured a large battery, it did not prove large enough to power the first Note for a satisfactory length, per many reviewers). Mostly, you see, we're highlighting the Note for its mammoth, made-for-man-hands screen size. Though none but Samsung would match the sheer enormity of the Note (more on that to follow), competitors would follow Samsung's lead in the race to get huge. At this point, remember, Apple's iPhone had a 3.5-inch display; one way Android manufacturers differentiated themselves from that phone, certainly, was in screen size. While few were willing to top 4.3 inches before 2012, after New Year's Eve, every single Android superphone (save February's Droid Razr Maxx) would top 4.5 inches. Speaking of which...
FEBRUARY 2012 WHAT CHANGED: Battery life. Also, a willingness by the manufacturer to release an entirely new smartphone just four months after its initial release, heralding an era of incredibly truncated phone release cycles. Weight: 5.11 ounces Display: 4.30 ounces, 540 x 960 pixels, 256 ppi Processor: dual-core, 1.2 GHz, 1GB RAM Battery: 21.6 hours, 3,300 mAh OS: Android 2.3 gingerbead (now ICS) This isn't really a tale of Motorola setting the pace for other Android makers so much as it is Motorola upgrading its own smartphone incredibly quickly, to the chagrin of early adopters. The Razr Maxx was a bit heavier and thicker than the original -- which had just come out, remember, four months before -- and the screen, processor and OS remained constant. The battery on the Maxx, however, was so much better than the battery on the original that it's really not even worth comparing the two. The battery life on the Razr Maxx remains, by most measures, the best of any smartphone you can buy today.
MAY 2012 WHAT CHANGED: An increase in screen size; one of the first phones with a quad-core processor, rather than a dual-core processor; shift to Android 4.0, or "Ice Cream Sandwich," rather than Android 2.3, or "Gingerbread." Weight: 4.55 ounces Display: 4.7 inches, 720 x 1,280 pixels, 312 ppi Processor: quad-core, 1.5 GHz (international); dual-core, 1.5 GHz 1GB RAM (in America) Battery: 8.50 hours, 1,800 mAh OS: Ice Cream Sandwich HTC's flagship phone for the first half of 2012 was the One X, widely renowned for its top-notch camera and excellent 4.7-inch screen. The One X was one of the first smartphones to have a quad-core (as opposed to dual-core) processor, though that feature was not compatible with 4G LTE in the United States; it was also one of the earliest to ship with Android Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0) rather some flavor of Android Gingerbread (2.3). The quad-core processor, the enlarged 4.70-inch screen and the terrific camera made the One X stand out (but only for about six months, until HTC released an even better One X phone).
JUNE 2012 WHAT CHANGED: Bigger display; speed, touchscreen responsiveness improvements; faster processor; bigger battery. Weight: 4.69 ounces Display: 4.8 inches, 720 x 1,280, 306 ppi Processor: quad-core, 1.4 GHz, 1GB RAM Battery: 22.50 hours, 2,100 mAh OS: Android 4.0, Ice Cream Sandwich Heralded by many as the best smartphone of the year, the Galaxy S III does not, on paper, seem too impressive. Other phones have crisper displays, faster processors, better cameras and longer battery life. The Galaxy S III, however, packaged above-average numbers for all these specs, combined with what was probably the smoothest touchscreen experience on an Android phone yet. It also packed in several intriguing, innovative apps available only from Samsung (see: Smart Stay, S Beam) and a 4.8-inch screen that was viewed as humongous for a flagship phone when it was unveiled.
OCTOBER 2012 WHAT CHANGED: Yet another Razr in 2012! Operating system updated; larger and better display. Weight: 5.54 ounces Display: 4.7 inches, 720 x 1,280, 312 ppi Processor: dual-core, 1.5 GHz, 1GB RAM Battery: 21.00 hours, 3,300 mAh OS: Ice Cream Sandwich Surprise! Three flagship Droid Razr phones in under a year? It happened in 2012. Motorola's Droid Razr Maxx HD does not achieve the marathon battery life of the non-HD version, per tests, though it still rates highly. The Maxx HD improves upon the Maxx in other areas, though: The screen is larger (4.7 inches vs. 4.3 inches); the display is far crisper (312 ppi vs. 256 ppi, a significant gap); and the processor is more powerful (1.5 GHz vs. 1.2 GHz). We can see the move to larger, crisper screens and bulked-up processors here; the camera on the Razr Maxx HD is also an improvement from previous generations.
OCTOBER 2012 WHAT CHANGED: Almost everything. Weight: 6.42 ounces Display: 5.55 inches, 720 x 1,280 pixels, 265 ppi Processor: quad-core, 1.6 GHz, 2GB RAM Battery: 35 hours, 3,100 mAh OS: Android 4.1, Jelly Bean The big get bigger. Eight months after the Note came the Note II, with a larger and more beautiful screen, a faster processor, a better battery, a more competitive camera and a newer operating system. Reviewers were impressed with its absence of touchscreen lag and improved browsing speed as well. An improvement in almost every way on the first Note, the Note II not only boosted the acceptable screen size even closer to six inches, it also shifted the perception of how fast an Android smartphone could run. The quad-core processor? The 2GB RAM? These were about to become standard on Android superphones. Less than a year before, they represented pipe dreams.
NOVEMBER 2012 WHAT CHANGED: Updated just six months after release of original. Weight: 4.76 ounces Display: 4.70 inches, 720 x 1,280, 312 ppi Processor: quad-core, 1.7 GHz, 1GB RAM Battery: 2,100 mAh OS: Android 4.1, Jelly Bean In America, the first One X came out in May. Six months later, HTC updated it with the One X+. The processor increased from dual-core to quad-core; battery life was greatly improved; and the One X+ shipped with Android 4.1 Jelly Bean, rather than Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich.
NOVEMBER 2012 WHAT CHANGED: It's all about the display. Weight: 4.87 ounces Display: 5.0 inches, 1,080 x 1,920 pixels, 441 ppi Processor: quad-core, 1.5 GHz, 2GB RAM Battery: 12.80 hours, 2,020 mAh OS: Android 4.1, Jelly Bean The final four great Android smartphones of 2012 measured in with displays of 5.5 inches, 4.70 inches, 5.0 inches (on this, the Droid DNA) and, again, 4.70 inches. Here we can see what top-of-the-line tech specs will get you: A 5.0-inch display with 441 pixels per inch, the highest ever on a smartphone; a quad-core processor, now seemingly standard on top-tier Android devices; a battery that measures above 2,000 mAh, to ensure that 4G LTE and the oversized displays don't diminish battery life too greatly; and a version of Android that is 4.1 Jelly Bean or higher.
NOVEMBER 2012 WHAT CHANGED: From one year ago, almost everything. Weight: 4.90 ounces Display: 4.7 inches, 768 x 1280 pixels, 318 ppi Processor: quad-core, 1.5 GHz, 2GB RAM Battery: 15.30 hours, 2,100 mAh OS: Jelly Bean 4.2 The Nexus 4 -- the followup to the Galaxy Nexus, and the fourth installment of Google's Nexus series, which Google produces annually to show what an Android phone can be -- is notable mostly for including Android 4.2, which makes it the slickest and most responsive Android device to date. Otherwise, you see a lot more of what we have come to expect from Android smartphones in the latter half of 2012: weight below 5 ounces; a display in the upper-4-inch range with a ppi above 300; a quad-core processor with 2GB RAM; a battery above 2,000 mAh. Compared to the Galaxy Nexus, probably December 2011's best Android smartphone, each of these specs has been increased, amplified or advanced in a tangible, observable way. The camera: better. The display: bigger. The processor: faster. RAM: increased. Battery: longer-lasting. Those are the smartphone qualities, I think, that have been most obviously augmented over the year (as well as a manufacturer's willingness to quickly turn around a sequel). Obviously, this can translate into other, less numerical enhancements -- phones are "faster," "smoother," "more enjoyable." But if you are looking for the concrete areas of improvement, there they are. It leaves us to ponder, once again, two questions: In what ways will Android smartphones be constantly improving in 2013? And just how many Droid Razrs will Motorola release this time around?
Follow Frederic Guarino on Twitter: www.twitter.com/fredericg


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Want to run a pizzeria? If so, 620 on Caton, which is currently for sale, might be a great opportunity. Located on Caton between E 7th and Ocean Parkway, it's right across the street from the school that's being constructed, which could mean high after-school traffic, and it's one of the few restaurants in a several-block radius.
According to this ad on Craigslist, the owners:
…are absentee owners and dedicate most all of our time to our other businesses. The trusted manager we had on-premises moved to another profession and the management changes have proven to be overwhelming to our other interests.
They suggest the future owners might want to start a breakfast service, which, with delivery, could be a nice addition to the neighborhood.
Though there are a few other pizza delivery options in Kensington, 620 has always been one of the higher ranked spots. How do you think it's been recently, and how could it improve? Or do you like another pizza place better?
Photo via Craigstlist

subset: commoncrawl


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Salem Daily News, The (Newspaper) - September 24, 1890, Salem, Ohio E SALEM DAILY VOL. IL NO. 226. SALEM. OHIO. SEPTEMBER 24. 1890. TWO CENTS. Which Prevent an Agreement ea the Tariff B11L The Soffar Schedule and the Duty on Bindinf Twine are Stumbling Blocks. Likely Aw WA.SBTXOTOS, Sept 24.-The conferees on the tariff bill did aot Tuesday, but the Republican conferees held two protected conferences. cThe first re- sulted in nothing. The differences be- tween the conferees on the part of the House and the Senate have been nar- rowed down to the sugar schedule and binding twine. Just before the second conference was held, one of the con- ferees 01 pressed the opinion that a com- promise would have to be reached be- tween the Senate and House proposi- tions on both of the disputed points. A number of proposed compromises on sugar were discussed in the afternoon, but none of them were agreeable to all of those present A new complication %rose later in the day. The Senators from the Western and Northwestern to the number of ten, met and agreed to protest against the proposition to pnt a duty on binding twine for the purpose of effecting a com- promise with the House on sugar. Tbo statements of the Senators present at this conference as to the effect of it are jlightlv conflicting. Some of them say that it was agreed that if the conferees reported in favor of putting a duty on binding twine, the Senators interested would vote against tho conference re- port and refuse to allow the tariff bill to go through the Senate while the objec- tionable feature remained in it Others say that the ton Senators merely entered an emphatic protest against the proposition. The Republic- an conferees were in session at a late hour last night with the avowed deter- mination of remaining together until tome agreement Is reached. The con- ference report will not be presented to the House to-day. It will probably take st least twenty-four hours to prepare it for submission to the House after it baa been agreed to. The general Impression is that Congress can not adjourn before the latter part of next waek and that it will probably not get away before Oc- tober 6. TIGHTENING TUB COILS. Damaging Btrehali by Brother. WOODSTOCK, Ont, Sept 84. -The court room was even more densely packed when court opened Tuesday than it was Monday. Mrs. Birchall and her sJster occupied seats. Mrs. Birchall looks ten years older than she did last March, when she was a prisoner at Baldwin's boarding house at Niagara Palls. Sho Is very thin and pale and marks of suf- fering are indelibly fixed on her fnco. The grand jury in the case of Mrs. Birchall yesterday reported "uo bill" on the charge against her of boing ac- cessory to the murder. Birchall cania Into court with his old jaunty expres- sion. He was fresh shaved, dapper look- ing and as nervy as ever. Charles Ben well, brother of the mur- dered man, identified the false teotb and plate, the pencil case r.r.d placed in evidence, as belonging to his brother. He also identified the keys found on Birchall as his brother's, and said that with them he opened his brother's desk and two trunks. Ho iden- tified his brother's handwriting on the cigar case found near the bocly and also all the clothes worn by tho murdered man. IIo said his brother a tutor, .tudied a year in Switzerland, farmed a rear and a half in Now Zealand, then was idle two years before coming to America with Birchali. Two Contested Election OMei Decided. Democratic of the House ol Representatives Unseated. THE NATIONAL GAME. A Day's Doing's Among teadlnfc Profes- sional Following are the scores of Thurs- day's games: WATI03TAI, LKAGTJE. At York 7, Pitts- burgh 5. Second York 8, Pitts- burgh 6. At 5, Boston 1. At 3, Cin- cinnati 4. AMERICAS ASSOCIATIOX. At 8, Louisville 13. At 7. Toledo 4. At St. 2, St Louis 81. At 2, Columbus L Tardy Recognition of Arctic vTAsrrrxGTOs, Sept. a meeting of the House Committee on Naval Af- fairs yesterday a favorable report was ordered on a bill providing for tho rec- ognition of the services of Chief En- ffineer George Vf. Melville and the other officers and men of the Jeannette Arctic expedition. The bill provides for the advancement of Mr. Melville one grade and gives him increased pay. Suitable medals for other officers and men on the expedition are provided for. Steamer and All on Board Lost. VTIXMPEG, Man., Sept was received here Tuesday of tho wreck of Liontenant Governor Schaltz's steamer Keowatin on Lake Winnipeg. Tho boat left here in July last with a detachment of mounted police. A fearful storm passed over the lake on the seventh day after the boat was last seen and it is thought that those on board perished. So far as known only three men, all members of tho Northwest mounted po- "ce, were on board. Wire Pent to Sopt throo McGorty, Frank G. Ed fcunds and William for tapping Western Union wires on Ser> tetabor 17, for the purpose of swindling tie pool rooms, were yesterday sent to to await the action of the grand jury. Destroyed by Ttatt. BAD Ax. Mich., Sept from tho recent storm ia Huron Countj hare justcorae to hand. Hail fell to the depth of eight inches and literally wiped the The damage U at Manv of the are in a destitute condition. MvfllCfCF OXAJIA. Ed WUrjand, a f for a bakery, yesterday Sho IT wounded Attio Horlne, girl because sbe refasad to live biTTi. thea blew bia The won The rears old. aboat twmtjr- SOT HANDS. lnff Zl-iiiroad Oillclal Rospoiwiblc for tfce Statement of the M.ea Late Disaster. PHILADELPHIA, Sopt 21. Regarding ;be testimony elicited by tho coroner's ;ury in the case of tbo victims of the Shoemakersvillo disaster, Assistant General Superintendent Bonzana, of the1 Heading railroad, mado a statement yes- terday. "Conductor Edward ho said, "is reported to have stated that previ- ous to the accident hi bail rrado only two trips over the road. Ryan entered the service of the Philadelphia Read- ing railroad on tho main lino on Novera- twr 14, 1SS9, and prior to that time had had considerable experience on other parts of the road. He has running tetweon Reading and Potts uille and is familiar with that portion of the line. B. C. Kemp is said to have testified that tie had been employed in the capacity of rear brakoman but ono week. Kemp entered the service August 12, 1SS4, and has been employed continuously sines that time as brakeman, and con- ductor on coal trains on the main lino." O. TJ. A. M. Forty-fourth- Annonl Soiston of the tlonitl Council Convenes. BRIDGEPORT, Conn., Sept National Council of the Order of United American Mechanics begun its forty- fourth annual session yesterday. Tha council was called to ordor by the Na- tional Councillor, J. C. Smith, of Now Brunswick, N. J. The report of the Ka- tional Secretary shows the following: Number of councils at the last session, 357; instituted during the year, 98; dis- banded, 16; total number at present, 439: a gain of 82 during the year. Member- ship at last report, initiated dur- ing the year, reinstated, 326; ad- mitted by card, 118; total During the year there were suspended ex- pelled, 42; withdrawn, 258; died, leaving- the present membership a gain'during the year of The ra- port of the National Treasurer shows tho amount of cash in the treasury of subordinate councils to bo Sequel to n KomnnUc HEXDF.KSOS.KV., Sept Daniol Berry, a carpenter of tbis city, well advanced in years, brought suit for divorce from his wife, Amelia Berry. The action is the consequence of a ro- mantic marriage contracted by tbo oid man a year since. He advertised in a Chicago paper fora wife and caught one, a spruce-looking, middle-aged woman. She camo to Henderson and the t-.vo were married. The female sbarpor only lived with the old'gentieman three days. During that timo she bamboozlud him out of S1SS, with whicb amount she skipped the State and has not since been heard from. t> 9trevt Car. S-pt. Aa Og4ea mreaae by two r-w Sept lantic passenger steamers are carrrir.? larjre cargoes of goods, eroorters aaxiost to start before October l. the date oi tte aew tarf5. Freights ba-ro frxra 00 to to shillings per ton. Tenable, of Vlnrlntn, to ton, and Miller, of South Carolina. Elliott. WASHINGTON-, Sept. O'Fer- rail, of Virginia was tho only Democrat In the critralior when t'.ie House met Tuesday. clcrt h-jvins called ilia roll announced the pain anil recapitn'rnU-c! the list of those votlnff. Syfitikor hesitate J before he announced the re suit, there tvro lacking of a quorum. t'-cnunded that tho result should la order to delay the announce- ment ReruhVor.'i ii'ter Republican rose and nno-'ito kna-.v how they were recorded, tfhe veto -was then 155, nays Quorum, and a call of the House wns ordered. Just us tiio clerk began calling the roll. Sweeney, of Iowa, one of the Republican ab- feute.'s.'ecterod and was received by hts col- leasrue1! w th applauds. Shortly af'.erwards Mudd, of Maryland rnnde his apperranee and recen ed a reception of mingled applause and hisses. One hurdrod :'.nd s'xty-lour members re- sponded to th.e cp.l! rmd without nnr announce- ment oC Uio result further proceedtops were dls- pcnsei with and the vote as.-uu recurred on up- proving Friday's journal. While this roll call was in proorffs and hisses were Riven wheu MHlikon eniereJ the halt For n time Cheadle. of Tudsaca. who is opposed to Lang- ston's claims, joined the absentee? and, located on a iounge in tho lobby, docUned to enter the chamber. But the requests and supplications of bis party associates proved too strong and upon this vctc he Irs name in the af- ariuativo. The vote 160, naysO clerk noting a quorum. The then recurred upon the first of the majority resolutions to unseat Venaole. It was 151, nays the clerk noting si quorum. Thon came the question on the seatincof L.ingston tind It was carried on a and Cheadle alone vot- insr In the negative. Mr. Haugen then escorted Langston to the bar of the House waile the Republicans and the galleries broke Into loud applause and cheers, tho Speaker admtnis tered the oath. Then came a chorus from the Republican side. "Call up another and in response to the chorus Rowell, of Illinois, called up the South Carolina case of Miller against Elliott. O'iPerraU raised the question of con- sideration and on a riva voce rote the Speaker str.tcd that tho louse had determined to co'n gtdor the election case. O'Ferrall made the poirt that there was no quorum prest-ut. The Speaker declined to entertain the point, stating that the lust vute had shown a quorum and that since then sevral Democrats had entered the hall. The previous -stion was ordered and despite a pro'est from of Iowa, tome reason for its adoption, should bft Riven, the resolutions unsoiunig Elliott and Heating Miller agreed to without division. Then the Houso wunt Into Committee of the 'VThole, ISurrows, of MlchL-ran. in the chair, on the Senate amendments to the DoUciency btu. The at'eriio'in v.-at, consuiueJ in a discussion of the French spoliation claims, the debate be ing participated In Dibble and Vaux In favor'of the Semite amendment, and by Messrs. Buckalew, Cannon and S.iyers in opposition Wltho-it action the committee rose and the House adjourned, tho Senate the resolution to In- vestigate the of women and cMldnn iu mills aucl factoi WBA referred to ft commit- tee. Several important measures were taken from the cile'iU ir passed, and the Court bill was furt'usr dc-b '.ted wlihout uutioo. GERMAN CATHOLICS. STRUCK BY A Three tlurlnd Into Etcrnltj- With- out a ErsiE, N. Y., Sept. John W. Lattin, ag-ed scventy-eigbt years; Wilson Vando water, ajod forty-two years, and the lattor's wife, aged forty, all of Pleasant Valley, this county, wore yesterday instantly killed on the Con- tral Now England A Western railroad track. At the timo the accident oc- curred they wore !n a two-seated vehicle driven by Lattin. The wagon was struck by the Boston express, whicb was half an hour lato. Lattin was thrown seven- ty feot and Vtvndowater and his wife tvcro still further. All three wero instantly killed and their bodies horribly mangled. Tke horse was killed and the wasjon demolished. Mr. Lattin leaves property valued ap 000. A Democratic Faajt. N. Y., Sept. The Thomas Jefferson building, the new homo of the Kings County Democracy, was dcdiiateJ Tuesday afternoon. May- or Chapin made tho opening address, being followed by Governor Hill, tbe orator of the day. Governor Abbett, of New Jersey, made a brief speech.. Only a small proportion of tbose who visited the building v.-crc able to obtain admit- tance and last evening Governor Hill held 3. reception in tbe building. Tho big chiefs of tbe party partook of a ban- quet at tho Hotel Clarendon. Convention of Republican Clnbu. PHILADELPHIA, Sept. At tbo con- vention of Pennsylvania Republican clubs held here yesterday delegates were selected to attend the national conven- tion of Republican clubs, wbicb is to rneot in Cincinnati in April, 1891. Tbo platform committee reported a set of resolutions, wbicb wore unanimously adopted, indorsing the National and State administration of affairs ol the Republican party and tbe nominees of ibo party for State offices. Shot by HU Sept Samuel Goldberg was shot and fatally wounded Monday night by Miliio Panhorst, aged twr-nty-two years. Tbo girl was en- rasred to Goldberg. The latter told Millie that his family and religion pre- vented his marriage to her in the regu- lar way. but that ho would marry her by contract. When refused bf rioters and plunderers roamed the streets. In dispersing those gangs the police found it necessary to fire upon them and several persons wore killed. The fire was uncontrollable from tbe start and swept with wonderful rapidity through" thVbiiHdlngs' in throe direc- tions, including the quarter devoted to private residences. Among the many public buildings destroyed are tho post- office and the steamship agencies. The guests in the hotels wore panic-stricken, but all escaped. The total loss is esti- mated at No lives were lost It is believed that the origin of the fire was accidental A Grant Memorial Proponed. WAsnrxGTON, Sept Hale in- troduced in the Senate yesterday ajoint resolution "that a memorial building whicb shall be a monument to tbe mem- ory of tbe illustrious soldier, distin- guished President and patriotic cltiren, U. S. Grant, in which may be established a military and naval museum, library, a hall sufficiently largo for conventions and rooms for the accommodation of tho various associations of war veterans of tho United States, and in the innor court may be placed tho mortal remains of U. S. Grant and other distinguished Americans, be erected in tho District of Columbia." Maney'n Nomination Confirmed. WASHINGTON, Sopt Senate in secret session yesterday confirmed the nomination of Goorgo Maney, ol Tennessee, to be Minister to Paraguay and Uruguay. A long fight was made on tho nomination of Mancy. Mr. Manoy antagonized one wing of the Re- publican party in Tennessee at tho last Presidential convention and the opposi- tion to his confirmation was urged by Representative Ilouck. The charges against hira were his personal babiM. After a long discussion tho Senate by a decisive vote confirmed tho nomination. It has been pending in tho Senate sinoo December. Worst Krer Known. WASHINGTON, Sept Depart- ment of State has received a report from tbe United States legation at Pokin China, which says that the floods in that orovinco have been the most serious 3ver known. It is supposed that an irca of 300 miles and a population o several millions have been affected by the floods. Maty people have been Irowned and tens of thousands are ref- atfces from their homes, living on ;harity. of All.. SeM.t4. ol raia ose of tbe heaviest erer la ttU sectiox y agssaofVOTor two and halt tbe twelve Cottoa to fliMfiift by falling rain. VHWTA, Sept. ain to frotter M wxrcrrwL cr0w4 With thi conference committee jester- Jay afforded an Interview to Erastns Wiman in connection with Canadian re- ciprocity. A conclusion was reached thai nothing should be attempted this vessfon. fcnt that ia tbe event of a disso- lution o? tbe Canadian Parliament the sbocld Barliest consideration at the reassoro- blicr of Coajross in December. and TOSK. Sept trial of Dr. Mra. Shaw 6ns Harri- j MB. caarfed with of Annie Goodwin, tho by for STKACTSR, N. Y., Sept Monday aight in the town of Stockbridge, Madi County, John Stroeter was brutally by some unknown persons supposed to be his bop pickers, whom be was just about paying off. Streeter's body was found some distance from his lop kiln in the field yesterday morning A large amount of money was taken from his person. Another SvteMc la Mto. Sept Major Von the commandant of the cadet school ia this city, committed saiclde Monday night He took a dote of poison and then opened some of the arteries ia bit body. suicide of Major Norman following 90 ckwely om several ottwr startling by prominent persons witbia the past week has caused a foand senaaUos. Prison wfU Met bcre for a of several days, Borrow. A Minor of Recent Erents In eyedom. CAPTURED TWO ENGINES. from Roaad ROOM Vy Marshal. ZAXESTFLLX, M. Last Novem- Mr the Zanesville A Ohio River load Company took possession of two belonging to the Shawnee A Kuskingum River road, now a part ol the Columbus Eastern, which wore lUndtnjr on a side track at Malta. They brought them to this city and dis- mantled them, claiming that they wen purchased with funds belonging to their company. United States Deputy Mar- hal Hyscll came down from Columbus at one o'clock Tuesday morning with s mndred employes of the C., S. A; H. and a replevin for the locomotives. They arrested everyone at the round louse, put the engines in running shape and took them to Columbus. The Z. R. officials remained in ignorance of the affair until Hysoll had got outside of tho city with the engines. MASONIC CONCLAVE. Meatlac of the Grand Council and Orand Chapter of tbe State. MARION, O., Sopt Tho Grand Council of Ohio, Royal Arch Masons, met in this city yesterday with nearly every in the State represented. In tfne evening tho exem- plification of the Royal and Select Mas- sera' dagree by the officers of tho Orand Council took place in Masonic Hall, which was followed bv the Super Ex- cellent. degree by Past M. L G. M. Henry Theobald and others, assisted bj mem- Mrs of Marion Council No. 13. To-day the Grand Chapter will meet icre and in tho evening the order of High Priesthood will be conferred by officers of the Grand Chapter. An in- lormal reception will be held this ng in the court house by the Masonic bodies of this city. Combined to flffht the OH LIMA, 0., Sept There is a rumor afloat that the object tho Manhattan Oil Company had in view in removing their headquarters to Toledo was to con- solidate their interests with the Sun Oil Company, whoso headquarters aroin To- ledo. Both those companies are strong independent concerns, and being com- pelled to fight tbtt Standard, could do so nore effectively by consolidating. At ;he office here the rumor is neither de- nied nor confirmed, and it is undoubted- ly true. The combination of these com- panies will make tho strongest opposi- tion to the Standard in the Ohio field. Top of Her Itn OtC LIMA, O., Sopt -John Minnick and bis wife went to church, leaving their little children, the oldoat aged seven years, alone. Soon after their departure l young son of Joseph Linogcnjor, a neighbor, came to the house with a double-barreled shotgun. Ho hold it up and asked the little Minnick girl to look Inside the barrels, which she did. Just then the gun was discharged and the en- tire top of her head waa blown off. Died from niood StnKEY. O., Sopt 94. II. Mid- dleton, a prominent farmer, was buried Monday. Twenty years ago ho frozo one of his big toes. It gave him but little trouble for eighteen years, but after that he suffered intensely. Tljree months ago ho bad the member ampu- tated. Blood poisoning followed and his death resulted. IIo was seventy- seven years old, and had livod here forty years. Application for a Receiver Uanlod. YOTTSOSTOWJT, 0., Sopt Repre- sentatives of tbe Herancourt Browing Company, of Cincinnati, marie applica- tion in Judge Oilmoro's court Tuesday morning for the appointment of a re- ceiver to take charge of the business of John F. Ilynos, their aeent hero, claim- ing ho owed them on account for boor furnished. Tho Judge, after hear- ing tbe allegations, dismissed tho apnli- cation. _ Took the 0., Sopt Rev. M. P. Bofl, Vicar General the diocese of Clove- land, conducted one of tho most solemn ceremonies of tho Catholic church at the convent of the Drsuline Sisters Mon- day, conferring the veil upon six your.g Is4iet, four taking the white, or proba- tionary order, and two the black, or em- blem of complete and final separation from tbo world. Vardered and BoMwdL 0., Sept Fonr masked robbers entered tbe house of John Krlmm, an aged farmer living near Glb- sonville, Hocking County, struck him and his aged wife with a blunt instru- ment, robbed the botjso and escaped. Tbe old man died from his injuries. Ifo clue has been obtained that is likely to lead to the arrnst of the robbers. LATEST NEWS HUMS. by Tctecmprt From all at Earth. WEDNESDAY, sKlTEJtTOR 24. At Palmer. Mass., threo businew blocks were burned tho other day. loss is General Boulanjter's forthcoming1 re- ply to his detractors will consist of a book containing about 200 pages. Tho race horse Reclsre was acid re- cently at auction at tho N. Y., track to Hough Bros, for 515.0.''0. At Chicago tho National has formally accepted Washington Park as a portion of tho site for tho Y.Vr'.d's Fair. Throe persons wore killed and i injured by tho explosion of potr -ura lamp in a workman's house at re- cently. A commercial panic prevails at Lis- bon, Portugal. Tho leading b-vr.o J arc in a precarious condition and a adsit is imminent. Thomas G. Prosser, a woll-knovrn railroad contractor of St Louis, has boon nominated for Congress by tbn Ko- pnblican convention in tho dis- trict i Two thousand minors at Troppau, Austrian Silesia, have gone on st-ilce. Trouble is foarod, and troops havo boen dispatched to tho scaao to pvnorva order. Hon. Charles W. Stone has boon nom- inated in tho Twonty-sovouth Pennsyl- vania Congressional district bo fill ihe vacancy caused by tho death of Ri.pro- sentativo Watson. Excitement has been caused in tbe vicinity of Mantacho, Austria, by tbo discovery of enormous silver there. There is a rapid influx ol people, and groat speculation in land values. The Comptroller of the Currorxy has authorized tho Marino National liankof Duluth, Minn., to begin business with a capital of and tho First Na- tional Bank of Girardvillo, Pa., Mr. Parnoll desires to wait until after tho trial of Dillon and O'Brien to see whether It will still bo possible for thorn to go to America, believing the dolay will not affect the object of their mis- sion. His health will not permit him to make a personal visit to America. The Brazilian episcopacy has pub- lished an energetic protest again? t the reforms which the republican govern- ment proposes, aimed at tho Cafcliolin church. One result of this hostUiny, it is declared, will be tho suppression of tho Brazilian legation at tho Vatkun, Tbo House Committee on Judiciary has decided to make a fuvoruhlo report on tho Senate bill for tho forfeiture of the property ol tlio Mormon church. The bill was introduced to carry out a decision of the United States Suprame Court delivered just before tho adjourn- ment of its last term. Tho bill passed the Senate. at TTFTLT, O.. Sept Mrs. Eliza B. Childa, of Bacyrus, died of dropsy at the residence of her son, ex-Commissioner Cbilds, la tbis city, Wednesday, ia bar aiaoty-aevcntb O., Sept licaasof the Eleventh district yester- day by acclamation Jsdge D. W. Loodoa, of Covnty, for CMS- CniCAOOs Sept. ty, who WM 99 MrtoMly wovadod to pistol dswl with Jim tatt Saturday ai.fr t> dirt toy wornlay. to rsBprvrtaf. tbo will M ta tbo rtBanrsty. Karl Nominated NKW YOJIK, Sopt. Tho Democratic State Committee mot yesterday at the Hoffman House, all tho members "beinjj present but two, who wore roprcson tod by proxies. Thocommittuo ly renominatod Judgo Robert Ei-irl for Judge of tho Court of Appeals. I xploiilnn M S1OO.OOO NKW YORK, Sopt ia tbe Standard Oil Works at Cavan Point, Jersey City, wore destroyed by a fito" which broke out early Tuesday mom lug. Tho loss is estimated at 'i'ou fire was the of an explosion, Polishers on a Strike. PiTTsnur'.'iri, Sopt. m pol- ishers in tbo finishing department of Jones Laughlin's American. Lroa works wont out on a strike yesterday morning. They demand ten hours' pay for nine hours' work. THE MARKETS. Flour. Grain rrOTfefon. YOUK. Sopt. at 3-- percent.; lowest2; Excli.ive closed uluady. Posted rate; KVit I8SI.4. actual rnt-s JTJS-JSOli for sixty C. .1 3 and I5MK for demand. Government bonds closed ftrnr Curreccy at 114; 4s. coupon. 4tfs flo at 103V4- Cf.F.vBt.ASD, Scpt.23 at Minnesota pnteat at Minnesota spring at 8 rod at 99c. No. 4 red ct O'-c. 8 mixed at We, woatorn yellow at 2 white at-Cc, Xo. 3 white at 41 c. creamery daffy I8a, York at at 9o, fresh at 20c. at par bushcL Krw YORK. Sept. and' prices Dhow no marked change. City mill ex- tras ss.00515 33. Minnesota extra at W-SKfr- 1.36. at V auperliDc at No. 2 red winter at IL04 cMb, October st
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The act of marijuana turning into resin inside a bowl, bong, or wrap. This happens when the weed being smoked heats up and forms a sticky, black substance that can be collected and resmoked.
I realized how much bud had been resonating in my bowl when I scrapped it, that shit got me high as fuck while we straight chillin.
by FingerPudding August 31, 2016


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Add-On-Faucet NO LEAD for Pre-Rinse w/ 14in Swing Spout NSF
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Travel to Peru and discover ancient civilisations on the Inca Trail
Travel to Peru to retrace the steps of the Inca, Peru's fascinating ancient civilisation. Follow the Inca from Cuzco, through the fertile heartland of the Sacred Valley and to the magnificent Ollantaytambo ruins before the ultimate adventure – trekking to Machu Picchu. This action-filled express Peruvian tour gets you closer to the secrets of this elusive civilisation on a breathtaking adventure along the Inca Trail.
This trip requires Inca Trail Permits. View permit availability here.
- Start
- Cuzco, Peru
- Finish
- Cuzco, Peru
- Country
- Peru
- Style
- Original
- Theme
- Walking & Trekking
- Code
- Physical rating
- Ages
- Min 15
- Group size
- Min 1, Max 16
Why we love this trip
This trip allows you to choose how you want to approach Machu Picchu. Hike the Inca Trail, Inca Quarry
Trail or relax and take the train
You'll have plenty of free time to explore the greatest icon of ancient South America, Machu Picchu. Take a guided tour and then wander around it at your own pace
Explore Cuzco, South America's oldest continuously inhabited city. The city has ancient foundations, an interesting blend of Inca and colonial influences, and endless things to do and see
The Sacred Valley is known for its steep and soaring scenery, its mystical significance for the Inca and the indigenous cultures that still reside here
Is this trip right for you?
This trip visits places that are at high altitude, and as a result some people can suffer from altitude sickness, regardless of age or physical health. Please see the 'Health' section of the trip notes for more important information on this.
This trip involves a lot of walking to see the sites, and if you do the Inca trail, there'll be strenuous hiking. The trip is recommended for those with a moderate level of fitness but there are also a few different trail options to suit your interests and physical capabilities. Please bring durable footwear suitable to hiking. See the 'What to Take' section of the trip notes for more information.
For those who do the Inca trail, you'll be camping with basic facilities. It's not exactly the Hilton Hotel, but the rewards of the trek are great.
Spend a little time acclimatising to the high altitude (3,450 m) and then head out on an orientation walk with your tour leader. You'll visit the facade of Qoricancha temple, the local San Pedro market, the main square, past the 12 Angled Stone, Regocijo Square and San Blas Square. Finally you'll visit the
Chocolate museum where there will be an opportunity to sample a hot chocolate made from local cacao beans. This might be a good opportunity to purchase some gifts or souvenirs. There's a small store where you'll find various handicrafts and a variety of artisanal chocolate products.
Notes: As this is a combination trip, your experience can be quite different to the other travellers. Some will have started earlier in Lima and everyone will choose their own route to Machu Picchu, either by train or trekking.
Due to the high altitude of many of places we visit, the air is thinner and some people can suffer altitude sickness, regardless of age, gender or fitness. Please see the 'Is This Trip Right For You?' and 'Health' sections in the trip notes for detailed information.
- Hotel (1 night)
Included Activities
- Cuzco - Orientation Walk
- Cuzco - Chocolate Museum Visit & Hot Chocolate
Optional Activities
- Cuzco - Full Boleto Turistico Pass, which gives you access to 16 archaeological sites in/around Cuzco (Transport & guides are not included) - PEN135
- Cuzco - Half Tourist Ticket Pass, which gives you access to selected archaeological sites in/around Cuzco (transport & guides are not included) - PEN75
- Cuzco - Cathedral Entrance Fee - PEN25
- Cuzco - City tour - USD15
- Cuzco - Coricancha Temple entrance fee - PEN15
- Cusco Ruins & Market Walking Urban Adventure - USD70
- Cuzco - Pisco Making - Urban Adventures - USD36
- Cuzco - Pre-Colombian Museum - PEN20
- Cuzco - Inca Museum - PEN10
- Machu Picchu Museum & Botanical Garden - Free
Meals IncludedThere are no meals included on this day.
- Hotel (1 night)
Included Activities
- Sacred Valley - Local community visit and lunch
Optional Activities
- Ollantaytambo - Archeological site - PEN70
- Sacred Valley - Mountain Biking - USD35
Meals Included
- Breakfast
- Lunch
Your team of porters will carry these bags for you, together with the food and equipment for the trail. Please note that you won't have access to these items until the end of each day, as the porters will always be ahead of the group. If you're travelling to Aguas Calientes by train, you'll be able to leave most of your luggage at the hotel in Cuzco and only travel with the necessary items during the excursion by train.
Route 1 Classic Inca Trail:
Today travel by minivan to the 82 kilometre marker and meet your crew of local porters, cook and guide. The first day includes uphill trekking to the campsite, which is at 3,100 metres above sea level. On the way you'll see the Inca sites of Ollantaytambo, Huillca Raccay and Llactapata, as well as incredible views of snow-capped Veronica Peak. In the evening, unwind at the campsite with a nourishing meal.
Notes: The Inca Trail is within the abilities of most reasonably fit people, but please come prepared, as the trail is 45 kilometres long and often steep. Each day's journey generally consists of seven hours of walking (uphill and downhill), with stops for snacks and lunch. Trekking usually begins at 7 am (except on the fourth morning) and you reach the campsite around 5 pm. Accommodation on the trek is camping (three nights). Double tents (twin-share) and foam camping mats will be provided. The porters will set up the tents while the cook prepares meals.
Route 2 Inca Quarry Trail:
Make an early start today and drive to Choquequilla, a small ceremonial place where Incas worshipped the moon. Drive to the starting point of the trek, Rafq'a, and meet the horsemen who join us on the hike. After an hour's walk, reach the small community of Socma. Carry on to the Perolniyoc cascade lookout, an opportunity to stop for photos and a food break. Continue to the campsite, which is 3,700 meters above sea level. You should reach the campsite around lunchtime. After lunch, set off to explore the Q'orimarca archaeological site, which once served as a checkpoint to the Incas.
Notes: The Inca Quarry Trail is within the abilities of most reasonably fit people. The hike is 26 kilometres long in total and its highest pass is at 4,450 meters above sea level. Throughout the trek, horses will carry your gear and camping equipment. The first two nights are spent camping and the third night you will stay at a simple hotel. Double tents (twin-share) and foam camping mats will be provided. The porters will set up the tents while the cook prepares meals.
Route 3 Train:
After spending the night in the Ollantaytambo, leave around 9.30 am and take a short drive to the town of Pisac. Pisac is well known for its market. Here you'll have the opportunity to shop for souvenirs and perhaps try some local Empanadas. Arrive back into Cusco in the afternoon, where your leader will take you to San Pedro Market in order to buy some things for a picnic tomorrow. In the late afternoon, you'll have an option to visit the Choco Museum where you can try some artisanal chocolate that is prepared in house from cacao beans into a chocolate bar. Be sure to sample some of the delicious hot chocolate.
Notes: Included lunch and dinner on this day is for people trekking the Inca or Inca Quarry Trail only.
- Camping (with basic facilities) (1 night)
Meals Included
- Breakfast
- Lunch
- Dinner
This is the most challenging day of the trek as you ascend a long steep path (approximately five hours) to reach the highest point of the trail. Colloquially known as 'Dead Woman's Pass', Warmiwanusca sits at a height of 4,200 meters above sea level, providing amazing views of the valley below. The group will then descend to the campsite in the Pacaymayo Valley at 3,650 metres.
Route 2 Inca Quarry Trail:
This is the most challenging and rewarding day of the hike. A three-hour walk takes us to the top of the first pass of Puccaqasa (approximately 4,370 meters high). After enjoying picturesque views of the valley, it's a short walk before stopping for lunch. Afterwards, make the two-hour hike to Kuychicassa, the highest pass of the trek at 4,450 meters. From here, descend to the sacred site the Incas called Intipunku (Sun Gate), with views of the Nevado Veronica mountain. Head to the campsite, only a stone's throw away at Choquetacarpo.
Route 3 Train:
Today, take a taxi to Tambomachay, an archaeological site just outside of Cuzco. From here you'll take a short downhill walk (between one and three hours) back to Cuzco. On the way, stop to admire some of the archaeological sites, including Puka Pukara, Qinqu Quenqo and Saksaywaman. Arrive back in Cuzco in the afternoon and enjoy some free time to go shopping, or perhaps visit Merida, Mendivil and Olave art galleries and workshops. Your tour leader will be able to give you some suggestions or point you in the right direction.
Notes: Included lunch and dinner on this day is for people trekking the Inca or Quarry Trail only.
- Camping (with basic facilities) (1 night)
Meals Included
- Breakfast
- Lunch
- Dinner
Start the day with a climb through the Pacaymayo Valley to Runkuracay pass (3,980 metres). Enjoy views of the snow-capped mountain of Cordillera Vilcabamba before descending for around two to three hours to the ruins of Sayacmarca. Continue over the trail's third pass to the ruins of Phuyupatamarca (3,850 metres), also known as 'Town Above the Clouds'. Start the two-hour descent down the Inca steps to the final night's campsite by the Winay Wayna archaeological site.
Route 2 Inca Quarry Trail:
Today's hike will all be downhill. The first stop is the incomplete Kachiqata quarry, where the Incas were intercepted by the Spanish. Around midday, come to the end of the trek. Explore the cobbled streets of Ollantaytambo before taking the short train journey to Aguas Calientes. This is where you'll meet up with the travellers in your group who didn't hike. Visiting the natural hot springs in town is a soothing way to spend the late afternoon. Spend the night in a comfortable hotel before tomorrow's visit to Machu Picchu.
Route 3 Train:
After a drive to Ollantaytambo (about one and a half hours), catch a train through the winding Urubamba Valley to Aguas Calientes (another one and a half hours). The city is nestled in the cloud forest at the foot of Machu Picchu. For those who want a sneak peak, there is time to visit Machu Picchu independently before a guided tour the following day. Otherwise, you can while away the afternoon in the natural hot springs at Aguas Calientes.
Notes: Included lunch and dinner on this day is for people trekking the Inca or Quarry Trail only.
- Camping (with basic facilities) (1 night)
Meals Included
- Breakfast
- Lunch
- Dinner
This is the final and most spectacular leg of the trek to Machu Picchu. The day starts before dawn with breakfast at 4am. Say farewell to the porters as they descend to the train station and then begin hiking by 430am. One the final checkpoint opens at 5am, begin the final leg of the trek. The walk to Intipunku (the Sun Gate) takes around two-and-a-half hours. Weather permitting, enjoy unforgettable views over the 'Lost City of the Incas' as you enter Machu Picchu through the Sungate
Route 2 Inca Quarry Trail:
Depending on weather conditions, take a bus at 5:30 am this morning along the winding road to Machu Picchu. The journey takes around 30 minutes. At Machu Picchu, join up with the travellers in your group who hiked the Classic Inca Trail. If skies are clear, enjoy a spectacular sunrise over the ancient city from the Sun Gate, before going on a guided walk around the ruins.
Route 3 Train:
Take an early bus up to Machu Picchu at 5.30 am. The city was built around 1440 AD as a country retreat for Incan nobility, but there's evidence that the land had been a sacred Incan site for much longer. Take a guided tour around the ruins of temples, palaces and living quarters, and enjoy free time afterwards to wander around on your own before the group returns to Cuzco.
For all trails - after taking advantage of the seemingly endless photo opportunities, it's time to return to Cuzco for a well-deserved shower and a pisco sour. Your evening is then free for the last night of your adventure.
Notes: Due to Intrepid's internal safety policy, our leaders are specifically prohibited from recommending or assisting with booking trips to the mountaintop ruins of Wayna Picchu.
- Hotel (1 night)
Meals Included
- Breakfast
Notes: You may want to consider purchasing a Boleto Turistico (tourism ticket) It gains access to the many fascinating museums here such as the Contemporary Art Museum, Regional History Museum and Qosqo Native Art Museum (transport & guides not included).
Please speak with your tour leader about this for more details.
Optional Activities
- Cusco Ruins & Market Walking Urban Adventure - USD70
- Cuzco - Pisco Making - Urban Adventures - USD36
Meals Included
- Breakfast
Meals6 breakfasts, 4 lunches, 3 dinners
TransportPrivate minibus, Train
AccommodationCamping (with basic facilities) (3 nights), Hotel (3 nights)
Included activities
- Cuzco - Orientation Walk
- Cuzco - Chocolate Museum Visit & Hot Chocolate
- Sacred Valley - Local community visit and lunch
Dates & availability
Trip search is unavailable.
There are currently no scheduled departures on our Inca Trail Express trip. If you are interested in other trips in the region visit one of the links below.
Jump to a departure month
Important notes
A single supplement is available on this trip. This includes the Inca Trail where a single tent will be provided.
Inca Trail permits are sold on request basis only. Once deposit is paid and passport details provided, Intrepid will endeavour to secure a permit for you.
If Inca Trail permits are unavailable by the time you book, you can opt to hike the Inca Quarry Trail instead https://www.intrepidtravel.com/en/inca-quarry-trail
The Inca Trail closes in February to allow cleaning and restoration works. If the trek portion of your trip starts in February you will be automatically booked to hike the Inca Quarry Trail.
Should you choose not to hike at all, please let us know in writing at the time of booking so alternative arrangements can be made. Without this prior warning, local fees may apply.
Full passport details are required at the time of booking in order to purchase Entrance fees to important sites such as Machu Picchu. Delays to provide this information may result in booking fees or changes to your itinerary.
Essential trip informationWant an in-depth insight into this trip? Essential Trip Information provides a detailed itinerary, visa info, how to get to your hotel, what's included - pretty much everything you need to know about this adventure and more.
Our Inca Trail Express trips score an average of 4.74 out of 5 based on 281 reviews in the last year.
Inca Trail Express, April 2017
Sarah Cawdron
An amazing trip, and despite not doing the Inca Trail, the Quarry Trek far exceeded my expectations and in fact was an amazing experience given more remote and less trekked. Stunning scenery and views with amazing people and an incredible Intrepid team who made the experience even more exceptional.
Review submitted 28 May 2017
Inca Trail Express, April 2017
Fabienne Hunziker
I was very HAPPY with INTREPID: Everything is well organized, smart and friendly guides and you will get in touch with local people in a natural way. I could recommend INTREPID 100%. Go for it...
Review submitted 26 May 2017


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Polished Steel Boots
105,021pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
- Polished Steel Boots
- Item Level 37
- Binds when equipped
- Feet
- 151 Armor
- +11 Stamina
- Durability 50 / 50
- Requires level 32
- Sell Price: 39 37
Polished Steel Boots are a pair of Blacksmith-made mail boots.
Source Edit
Polished Steel Boots is crafted by Blacksmiths with a skill level of 185.
|8x [Steel Bar]
|1x [Citrine]
|1x [Lesser Moonstone]
|2x [Heavy Grinding Stone]
[Plans: Polished Steel Boots] are dropped by creatures with their levels in the high 30s and low 40s.


text:
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About clearlybetter11
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sleepwalker liked a post in a topic: Ryan Miller's opinion on Milan Lucic
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clearlybetter11 replied to P. Marlowe's topic in GeneralYou don't need to suspend someone every time a rule gets broken. Yes the hit was cheap, but why suspend him? Just give the man a penalty and move on with things, and somebody tell Miller to take it like a man.
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clearlybetter11 replied to sputman's topic in GeneralMolson Canadian
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clearlybetter11 replied to stevkrause's topic in GeneralIt's honestly pathetic that people are taken back so much by this hit. The hit was obviously late but besides it's timing it was a perfect open ice hit. There is a difference between coming from the blindside, and hitting someone head on when they're not paying attention. Should have been an interference penalty and nothing else. Rome led with the shoulder, you can''t punish someone for hitting too hard thats like suspending Datsyuk for stick handling too good. It sucks that Horton got hurt but next time he will be more aware when he is crossing the blue line.
clearlybetter11 replied to Steve Sample's topic in Generalsomebody needs to bring in the phillie phanatic to duke it out with these guys. But yes I do quite enjoy their antics.
clearlybetter11 replied to P. Marlowe's topic in GeneralPretty impressive considering he didn't need to drag and pull.
clearlybetter11 replied to puckbags's topic in GeneralI understand where you guys are all coming from but do you guys really want to give up on all the great rivalries we have with san jose, anaheim, chicago, etc? I love being in the west for my own selfish reasons but I would hate to know the best hockey is going on out west and the wings are not a part of it.
clearlybetter11 posted a topic in GeneralI was looking at pictures recently and noticed that Datsyuk seems to be a little bow legged, I always noticed it but I never thought anything of it. Obviously Datsyuk is a great player and skater, do you think there is any advantage or disadvantage to this as a skater or even just as an athlete in general? Here is the picture where I noticed it. http://blog.mlive.com/snapshots/2008/01/anfang.jpg
T.Low liked a post in a topic: Datsyuk or Thornton
clearlybetter11 replied to Saran's topic in Generalwow, this is scary to see how many people chose Thornton
clearlybetter11 replied to LeftWinger's topic in GeneralLet's no get too cocky now, we are still one goal away from being eliminated and then everything we have worked for until now would be for nothing. The sharks are still a very dangerous team I hope the Red Wings don't forget this. We need to play with confidence but not lose touch of our opponent and the situation we are in.
clearlybetter11 replied to Rick Zombos Ghost's topic in GeneralI saw this too and couldn't believe they were just carrying on like it never happened. Regardless of whether the goal should count or not, anytime the puck is pulled out of the net after a play NBC should have some responsibility to explain what is going on.
clearlybetter11 replied to NeverForgetMac25's topic in GeneralVAN/CHI: 4-2 SJS/LAK: 4-1 DET/PHX: 4-2 ANA/NSH: 4-3 WAS/NYR: 4-2 PHI/BUF: 4-0 BOS/MTL: 4-3 PIT/TBL: 4-3 WC Champion: Detroit EC Champion: Philadelphia SCF Champion: Detroit
clearlybetter11 replied to Majsheppard's topic in Generalif this was a goal than why didn't they count all the other shots that didn't go in?
clearlybetter11 replied to Andy Pred 48's topic in GeneralI miss the days when our black aces consisted of Leino, Abby, Helm, and Ericsson. I think for sure Nyquist will get called up along with big flip, and the rest of those guys because this is the wings first chance to actually see him first hand. I don't think the wings will really hesitate to bring up the guys they believe will one day play even if they don't have plans on putting them in any games this year. Traveling and practicing with the team is a great developmental experience for the guys, a chance to watch and learn from the best and a chance for the wings to see where all their prospects stand. Also giving the guys a taste of the pros has got to motivate them.
clearlybetter11 replied to wingnut22's topic in GeneralHaha I was thinking the same thing, the kids from michigan too.
clearlybetter11 replied to a topic in Generalleft out Mike Knuble and Cam Fowler, also im pretty sure Jack Johnson grew up in Michigan


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Georgia Wildlife Resources Division
2067 U.S. Hwy. 278, SE, Social Circle, GA 30025
One method of enhancing the opportunities for recreational fishing statewide is through the stocking of fish. New lakes and ponds can be stocked with fish to establish a sport fish population. Depleted or threatened native populations may be replenished by stocking. New species can be introduced into lakes to create new fishing opportunities. The high demand for limited fish resources can be met by stocking; for example, the demand for trout fishing opportunities cannot be met by Georgia's native trout populations. To buffer pressure on the trout resource and maintain the quality of native trout fishing, trout are reared to a catchable size (about 9 inches) at state hatcheries. These fish are then stocked in selected streams or impoundments to provide a "put and take" trout fishery to help meet the demand for trout fishing opportunities. Hatchery production and stocking account for approximately 26% of the Section's annual expenditures.
There are two types of hatchery production in the state:
Warmwater Fish Production and Stocking
The Section produces warmwater fish at seven hatcheries statewide. About 40,000,000 fry, fingerlings and adult fish are raised each year in over 96 acres of hatchery ponds. One example is the production of striped bass for stocking in rivers to re-establish and/or maintain native stocks. Striped bass and striped bass hybrids are also raised for stocking in reservoirs to provide a unique, new fishery and to control forage fish populations. Bluegill, redear sunfish, largemouth bass and channel catfish are produced for stocking ponds, small lakes and new public fishing lakes to establish desirable fish populations. Channel catfish are also produced for Kids Fishing Events.
Trout Production and Stocking
Georgia is the southernmost state in the eastern United States containing significant trout habitat. Over 4,000 miles of trout streams exist in the northern third of the state, primarily in or near the Chattahoochee National Forest. Trout fishing is a very popular activity; however, these streams cannot support the current fishing pressure unless a stocking program is maintained. Three state fish hatcheries and two federal hatcheries work together to produce the trout needed. Through their efforts, approximately 1.1 million trout are stocked into north Georgia.
Learn more about Wildlife Resources Division hatcheries [1].
Warm Springs Regional Fisheries Center and Hatchery [2] (warmwater species)
Chattahoochee Forest National Fish Hatchery [3] (trout)
[1] http://www.georgiawildlife.com/documentdetail.aspx?docid=359&pageid=1&category=fishing
[2] http://warmsprings.fws.gov/
[3] http://www.fws.gov/chattahoocheeforest/


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Three Proven Ways to Make Money Online HTML version
Handy checklist for Using Traffic Exchanges
Track Everything. Every business has to keep a check on its marketing efforts,
it's essential that you track all traffic generated by Traffic Exchanges.
How can I track my efforts, you may be wondering?..........tracking can be done
using a tracking service which you pay for monthly, or by using tracking software
that you purchase and install on your server. Whatever option you choose, be
sure to find a solution that will give you as much information as possible. Many
will tell you how many clicks you get, how many are unique visitors versus return
visitors and where they were referred from. Some even give you conversion
information by telling you which visits resulted in sales........so basically, the more
information the better. So conduct research, before parting with your hard
earned cash.
Get to Know Your Audience. The prime goal of everyone using Traffic
Exchanges is to have their own pages seen. Just like you, they all want to drive
traffic to their sites. This means that you have to make the effort to develop
creative, eye-grabbing pages to entice them to take action. Just using the same
affiliate stuff that everyone else is using will not get you far.
Ensure Your Page Loads Quickly. Now these next sentences are very
important to you. Read them through a second time if necessary......your
website design and the time it takes for the website to load are very crucial when
using Traffic Exchanges. Your page will never be seen if your site takes 15
seconds to load and the exchange rotates the websites every 15 seconds. You
want to have at least a 10-second viewing window to give the surfing exchange
member time to respond to your offer.
Make Use of Simple Splash Pages. Because time is crucial, it makes sense to
send surfers not to your home page, which provides too much information, but to
a splash page. This is a page that does not require any scrolling. It's purpose is
to be short, concise without the fuss. It would normally consist of a killer
headline, a clear list of benefits and a simple call to action. You want your visitor
to be able to make a quick decision whether to ask for more information or pass
on your offer.
Include a Persuasive Call to Action. You need to be aware that you need to
tell the customer what to do next. So make sure the page has a clear "call to
action". The action could be to join your newsletter, request your free ebook or
take some other action. Make it crystal clear to the surfer what they need to do.
Capture Their Contact details. Try to offer visitors something in exchange for
their email address. This gives you permission to contact them at a later date
and introduce them to your products and services.


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Blue JackTar
Select your stay dates to check availability at Blue JackTar
Blue JackTar
About the Hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Blue JackTar in Puerto Plata, you'll be on the beach and convenient to Playa Dorada Golf Club and Playa Dorada. This 4-star hotel is within close proximity of Dream Casino and Damajaqua Cascades.
Make yourself at home in one of the 75 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and DVD players. Rooms have private balconies. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Bathrooms have showers and hair dryers.
Try your luck at the casino and enjoy other recreational amenities including an outdoor pool and a fitness center. Additional amenities at this hotel include complimentary wireless Internet access, concierge services, and babysitting/childcare (surcharge).
Grab a bite at one of the hotel's 2 restaurants, or stay in and take advantage of 24-hour room service. Relax with your favorite drink at a beach bar or a swim-up bar.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include dry cleaning/laundry services, a 24-hour front desk, and multilingual staff. Self parking (subject to charges) is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Luggage storage
- Fitness facilities
- Total number of rooms - 75
- 24-hour front desk
- Beach bar
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Free breakfast
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Tennis on site
- Free WiFi
- Pool umbrellas
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Multilingual staff
- Garden
- Number of floors - 2
- Swim-up bar
- Outdoor pool
- Babysitting or childcare
- Number of restaurants - 2
- Laundry facilities
- Porter/bellhop
- Casino
- Concierge services
Room Facilities
- Refrigerator
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Cable TV service
- Hair dryer
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Daily housekeeping
- Television
- Balcony
- Room service (24 hours)
- Premium TV channels
- In-room safe
- DVD player
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Shower only
- Free WiFi
- Ceiling fan
- Private bathroom
- Phone
- Air conditioning
Hotel Policy
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Self parking fee: USD 6.00 per day
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Mandatory Fees and Taxes
- A deposit is required during Spring Break
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


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Got to do some work on the valve stem seals.
I ordered a Powerbuilt valve spring compressor
(presently going for $20 + free shipping on eBay)
and a Lisle valve holder. The valve spring compressor is very similar in design to the units offered by Moroso, Summit, Jeg's and Probuilt but at a much cheaper price.
I popped off the passenger-side valve cover and found the source of the leak: a small piece of an older valve cover gasket. Can't believe I missed that. No more working at night.
Lesson learned.
I hooked up the valve holder to the compressor. There were no directions included so I set it to 100 psi. I had a few moments of frustration because the valve spring compressor shaft that bolts onto the rocker stud was too big. The packaging said it was for both 3/8" and 7/16" studs. Turned out the the shaft has different threads on each end and has to switched. That required popping off a c-clip and reassembling it.
Once the compressor was correctly set up, I removed the retainer, spring and seal from the #2 cylinder exhaust (?) valve
(the very first one on the right).
Now, I need help identifying what I've got. Based on what I've seen and read so far, I believe these are the positive stop seals.
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Breeding Bettas During the Cold Weather
I decided to write this article for a couple of reasons as I have been asked recently if I could email some photos of my Breeding Room/Area. The other reason was because I've heard some breeders in my local area don't like to breed Bettas during the winter as it's too cold.
Therefore it's important to point out that breeders should always breed when it suits them as breeding Bettas should always be an enjoyable past time. So if summer is the preferred season then so be it. For me though I like winter, as breeding Bettas is an indoor activity and in the summer I like to spend most of my time outdoors. Also if no one else in your area breeds during the winter then you won't have any competition selling your Bettas. So if you like breeding Bettas and the only thing stopping you from doing so during the winter is the cold then please read on and I'll show you how I go about it.
So to start off with I have written about my Betta Breeding area in a previous post but I have updated it since then so it's probably worth going over again. Therefore I haven't got a Breeding Room, I have an area in the back of my garage that I use for breeding Bettas. The reason I chose to do it this way is it has a concrete floor that I can spill water, fish food or anything else on without it being an issue.
It is also close to our laundry which means I have hot and cold water close by that I don't have to carry through the house. Now another thing worth mentioning is the typical overnight temperature lows we get here in Melbourne during the winter range from about -2 deg C to about +5 deg C. Therefore if you live in parts of North America or Europe where your temperature drops well below freezing for most of the winter then this set up may not be applicable to your situation. You may be better off breeding inside your house but nevertheless I hope you can still find some helpful information here anyway.
So here is a picture of my Betta breeding area. You can click on the image to enlarge it if you like.
It is divided into two areas and not because I planned it this way it is because I added to it recently. Therefore the first point worth mentioning is plan well ahead if you wish to make your breeding area permanent. To be honest though, when you start this hobby you probably won't know the extent to which you will go with your Betta breeding program. Therefore I didn't make my Betta breeding enclosure too permanent as I knew it was going to be work in progress, so I made this area out of scrap timber and cement sheet.
So what I started with was just one breeding tank in the area in the left with one container of heated, aged water that was standing by for water changes. Now you can see I have 3, 50 litre breeding tanks on the left and on the right I have an area where I can separate and jar fry. This is just on a very small scale at this stage and I will shortly be adding a larger barracks arrangement soon on the opposite wall, where I can comfortably separate and keep larger quantities of Bettas. Therefore I may use this area to add another breeding tank………….maybe!
Therefore the first point worth mentioning about my breeding area is that it's fully enclosed. This means the radiated heat from the tanks heats the area inside and thus reduces the amount of electricity required to ultimately heat the tanks. This upcoming summer I hope to have my final plans settled for this breeding area so I will redesign it slightly and add some more insulation to make it even more energy efficient.
Lighting is another consumer of electricity. I used energy efficient light globes which helps with consumption. I will also paint the inside of the enclosed area with white enamel paint when I redesign the area. The white paint will make the area brighter when using low wattage globes. Another consideration with lighting is the different requirements for tanks with different stage fry. For example when the male is tending to the Bubble Nest it is best to keep the light on 24 hours a day until the fry are free swimming. This is so he can retrieve fallen eggs and fry.
Now if you have fry in other tanks it probably won't be suitable for them to have the light on during the night. Therefore you may want to consider setting up a light over each tank so the required tank can be lit all night and then covering the other tanks to simulate night and day. Or the other option is to have a light you can move around to position where required.
Another consideration with lighting is to have to facility to have bright light if you intend to video or photograph your spawn. You many have noticed my original videos were not of very good quality and this was of course due to insufficient lighting. I have videoed all of my courtships and spawnings and have found this very beneficial for many reasons. It will give you an idea of how many eggs are in the nest. You can compare this with how many fry hatch. Also if something goes wrong and you are not there to witness it then at least you may not be left guessing. This is especially beneficial when you are new to breeding and still learning the ropes.
Air pumps are another consideration. I use one variable speed air pump so I can adjust it to suit my requirements. It also has two outlets. I'm using it (see photo) to operate 4 sponge filters and it's only on low. If I wanted to I could turn it up to also operate 2 or 3 Brine Shrimp hatcheries. So make sure the air pump you select has plenty of variable capacity. The other option is to add extra air pumps but I think it is more energy efficient to have one adjustable air pump that has a large capacity rather than having several smaller ones.
You may also notice my power point is on the outside. I don't have any condensation issues if the lids/covers are left on the tanks but if I was to forget and leave a lid off then I do get some condensation on the roof of the enclosure. Therefore I have elected to leave any unsealed power connections such as the power adapters on the outside.
The way you arrange your tanks is also important. I have mine side by side at the same height. Now I must say I didn't plan this as it's just the way it turned out but inadvertently I've found this to be an advantage and the reason is this. It comes in very handy when cleaning/siphoning your tanks.
When the fry are young they are very small and when they get large enough so you can confidently siphon the bottom of your tank without siphoning fry you will find being able to look directly into your tank from above to be a real advantage. I've found that the best view you will get of the fry when cleaning the tank is from directly above and not through the side of the tank. Therefore if you have enough space above you tank so you can lean over the top of the tank to see in, you will greatly decrease the chances of siphoning fry from your tank and hence make this task much easier and less time consuming.
Also consider the height above the ground that you place the tanks. Make sure it is suited to your height so you can lean over the tank without getting a sore back. So you can imagine if you were to stack your tanks on a series of shelves one on top of the other then this task may be more difficult.
Another consideration is how you orientate your tanks. You can see the ends of mine are exposed and I've arranged them this way purely because of the space I have available. It may be preferable to arrange them so the sides are exposed as you can then display your mature fry more clearly. This I found to be a minor consideration though, but well worth considering. How you do it though will just come down to personal preference and of course the space you have available.
In the compartment on the right I have plastic 55 litre plastic container that is positioned higher than the breeding tanks so I can gravity feed heated, aged water into the tanks after cleaning. Now the first point I would like to make about this is DON'T PLACE AQUARIUM HEATERS IN PLASTIC CONTAINERS! ……… and here's the reason why………….
This heater was sitting on the bottom of this plastic container mounted on the suction cap mounts, so the heater wasn't touching the plastic.
I accidentally plugged in the power cord (while the plastic container was empty of water) thinking I was plugging in a different heater and within no time at all this was the result.
The heater burnt through the plastic mount and then fell on the bottom of the plastic container and started to burn through it as well. Lucky for me I was nearby and alerted by the smell. If I hadn't turned off the power the consequences may have been disastrous.
Therefore here are some important points about Aquarium Heaters.
- The thermostat will only work when the heater is submerged in water.
- If you turn the heater on when not submerged it will get very hot, very fast and will cause damage.
- To the best of my knowledge there are some heaters on the market that will switch off or control the temperature when not submerged but they will only do this for a short period of time which means this is not a permanent solution to this problem.
Therefore you can see that Aquarium Heaters need to be treated with the utmost respect and manufacturers guidelines should always be followed.
Having heated water at hand to top up tanks after water changes is very beneficial and I am currently trialling another method of doing this that is safe. So once I have tested it I will write a post about it. In the meantime I'm sure there are many great ideas and methods out there so if anyone's got one then please leave a comment below or if you like I'd be happy for you to write a post and publish it so everyone can benefit.
Therefore there is another lesson to be learned here. Label your power cords so you don't get them mixed up.
So just one more point about safety. What you mount your breeding tanks or water storage tanks on is vitally important. Water is not light as 1 litre of water weighs 1 kg. Therefore your shelving and benches needs to strong and rigid. The last thing you want is for the whole thing to come crashing down. That would be a disaster!
Also if your surface bends or flexes under the weight of one or many tanks full of water then your tanks may develop a leak. You can probably also bet that it will develop over night or when you're not around and what you may be confronted with is a pool of water on your floor, dead Bettas or Fry on the bottom of your tank and a very hot Aquarium Heater that has melted through it's mounts and is lying on the bottom of your tank.
Therefore DIY has many benefits but always consider safety and try consider the worse case scenario if something were to go wrong.
Shelving is also important within your breeding area and can be used to store equipment and food cultures such as microworms etc. So allow for shelf space because just like cupboards inside your house you can never have too much. You may also want to incorporate an area for Brine Shrimp Hatcheries. I haven't done this yet but I do intend to.
A piece of equipment that I already had in my garage that has become invaluable is a small bar fridge that I use to store drinks. The freezer area has come in handy for storing frozen foods such as frozen bloodworm and the chiller area is good for keeping brine shrimp eggs as well as adult brine shrimp. If you have the space and can afford the expense it will save you the hassle of keeping these items in your normal refrigerator which might just keep you onside with the rest of the household.
So you can see there are many aspects and considerations for a Betta breeding area. This article is far from being definitive and what I have mentioned here is probably just the tip of the iceberg as I'm sure there are many more great ideas out there. If anyone wants to share them then please leave a comment.
The most important points to consider when designing you breeding area is it must be convenient for you so it doesn't become too labor intensive. Remember you need to enjoy your hobby and not let it rule your life or become a burden. Smart design is the obvious answer and looking for solutions.
Happy Betta Breeding!
Possibly Related Posts:
- Cleaning the Betta Fry Tank
- Breeding Crowntail Bettas
- Do Bettas Take Breaks While Spawning
- Microworms
- Feeding Your Betta Fry


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Wannamoisett's Pare wins NEPGA event; Metacomet's Welch takes Jr. State Amateur
EAST PROVIDENCE — Wannamoisett Country Club Head Professional Troy Pare took home first place at the 2013 New England PGA Pro-Officer tournament played Monday, Aug. 12, at Wellesley Country Club in Wellesley, Mass.
Pare carded an even par round of 71 (35-36) to win the event and claim the $400 first-place check. Bill Cunningham, of Sterling National Golf Club, and Graham Cunningham, of Framingham C.C., shared second place at 3-over, 74 and each received $225.
As part of the tournament, Pare also teamed with Wannamoisett board member Bill O'Keefe to win the Pro-Officer portion of the event. The team won the best ball of two gross format with a 4-under, 67 total. The local duo was two strokes better than a couple of other teams that shared second at 2-under.
Sprague update
In last week's edition of The Post, city native Joe Sprague Jr.'s new position as the Northeast Regional Director for the United States Golf Association was noted.
Sprague, most recently the executive director of the Massachusetts Golf Association and the former Rhode Island Golf Association executive director, officially started his new post on Aug. 8. He's been "very busy" ever since, writing in an email exchange with The Post that things to date are going "so far, so good."
Mr. Sprague, who had resided in nearby Bristol, has moved to New Jersey to be closer to the USGA's headquarters, Golf House. He did, however, spend last weekend attending to duties in his former backyard at the 2013 U.S. Amateur. The 113th edition of the national championship is taking place this week at The Country Club in Brookline with a part of the stroke play portion of the event also being held at the Charles River C.C.
Dolly Searle results
The East Providence Parks and Recreation Department hosted its 58th Annual Dolly Searle Memorial Golf Tournament, July 30, at Metacomet Country Club in city with defending champion Bob Duarte winning the event.
Duarte, an accomplished player who often participates in RIGA events, finished with a 3-over par round of 73 to place first. It was the fifth time that Duarte has won the Dolly Searle, which revolves yearly between the city's three private courses — Metacomet, Wannamoisett and Agawam Hunt. Besides the last two years, Duarte also won the event three times in row between 2008 and 2010.
RIGA notes
Metacomet's Patrick Welch, just 13, won the 92nd Annual Junior State Amateur played last week in city at the Agawam Hunt Club. Welch defeated Portsmouth's Jake Bauer on the second extra hole of the championship match, carding a par.
Of note as well, Rumford's Davon Driscoll won the third division title with a 3-and-2 victory over Ben Morgan.
In addition, Welch led the Rhode Island contingent this week at the annual New England Junior Amateur, which was to be played at Connecticut National G.C.
The New England Jr. Am is a 54-hole stroke play championship with the six New England states represented by players ages 17 or younger. Wannamoisett's Matt Corio and Dan Lynch are the other locals vying in the event.