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Feel like royalty at the São Jorge Castl
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|R. das Flores de Santa Cruz, 1100 Lisbon, Portugal
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All rooms are exterior, with a view to the castle wall from the living room and bedroom and the sea of straw - the Tagus estuary - from the kitchen. There are wooden floors, high ceilings and also an original furniture, delicate and comfortable. Ideal for a couple.
Towels and bed linen included.
In terms of location the Castle District is a central and well-connected area.Some points of interest are Mirador de Santa Lucia. (3 minutes' walk, Graça viewpoint. (6 minutes' walk), Alfama neighborhood, Feira da Ladra. (4 minutes walking).
O Teatro da Garagem, an alternative theatre with bar. One of the most beautiful terraces of the city. (4 minutes walking). Chapitô, a circus school with bar-restaurant and live music agenda, meeting place for nocturnal people! (4 minutes walking). Central Rossio Square, (8-10 min. Walking downhill). Bairro Alto, the night-life neighborhood.(15 minutes walking). And of course the castle itself, which will not need to visit because you will live in it!
Tram 28, Castelo Stop, 5 minute walk. Metro Martim Moniz station (Green line), 5 minutes' walk. (Taxis are cheap in Lisbon, a ride in the center hardly exceeds 5-6 €)
House rulesEnjoy the house and feel at home.
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Reviews of this property
Very cozy,pretty decoreted and this location!!!!!To stay so close heart of Lisbon...
castelo de S.Jorge!!!
It was amazing expirence and thank you Fernando for such logistics in your flat....
Charming apartment in great location. Fernando was extremely helpful and hospitable as he did not only cater for some basic food items for us to use at the day of arrival but also provided valuable insights about ongoing events. I fully recommend the apartment!
It was wonderful to come back! Everything was as nice as last time!
The appartment is well located, nice and clean and the hosts are super sympathic, helpful and friendly!
Very cute accommodation. The nearby neighbourhood is with the castle, the views and the many nice places to eat and shop the perfect spot. That combined with a very helpful and relaxt host makes it a must stay.
Nice apartment, clean and functional at the second floor of a house. Proper equipment. "Village" atmosphere of the area. 737 bus nearby (Figueira starting up). Tram 28, 5 minutes (stop miradoura Santa Luzia). several restaurants nearby. Welcome.
Appartement agréable, propre et fonctionnel au 2ème étage d'une maison.
Equipement correct.
Ambiance "village" du quartier .
bus 737 à proximité (départ place Figueira).
Tram 28 à 5mn (arrêt miradoura santa luzia).
plusieurs restaurants à proximité.
Bon accueil.
Pleasant small flat inside the castle walls with nice views. Accommodating owner .
The location is very central and the flat is even in daytime on a quiet lane. Although one has to get used to the free roaming peacocks and their nightly cries. With all the advantages regards to the location it also means that during opening hours of the castle the nearer surrounding is governed by large amounts of tourists, as most parts of the Alfama are. If you don't mind that, being a tourist yourself, the place is perfect.
`Charming studio on the top of the hill ', excellent location, very quiet and yet within walking distance of Rossio. Very friendly setting. Unfortunately the weather was very wet on the whole day, the window could be due to the moisture close poorly and barely came to the small heater for the cold. Wardrobe for drying the wet coats and a cabinet would have been good.
Charmantes Studio `on the top of the hill`, excellente Lage, sehr ruhig und trotzdem ist der Rossio zu Fuß erreichbar. Ausgesprochen gastfreundlicher Empfang. Leider war das Wetter die ganzen Tage über sehr nass, die Fenster liessen sich durch die Feuchtigkeit nur schlecht schliessen und die kleine Heizung kam kaum gegen die Kälte an. Garderobe zum Trocknen der nassen Mäntel und ein Schrank wären gut gewesen.
Micheal and myself have been well taken care of by our host Alo. Went over and beyond of what one would expect of a host.
We had a drink with Alo in a cute bar which he brought us with good music and vibe.
Apartment was sparkling and had such tasteful deco for those into vintage. This would be the perfect apartment. Excellent location, walking distance to many places. Taxis are not expensive to and from the city if you are lazy. Costing less than 5 euros each time.
Very quiet apartment making it perfect yet close enough to the city when you need it. There is an excellent restaurant round the corner about 3 mins on foot by a husband and wife duo, three table restaurant; highly highly recommended, as with this apartment!
It was a very nice experience with a magical setting. You can look directly at the courtyard. In the backyard of the apartment is the playground of an elementary school, which we found very amüssant. The owner of the apartment is nostalgic incredibly nice and accommodating. :)))))) Happy again! LG from Munich
Es war ein sehr schöner Aufenthalt mit einer zauberhaften Umgebung. Man kann direkt auf den Burghof schauen. Im Hinterhof der Wohnung befindet sich der Schulhof einer Grundschule, was wir sehr amüssant fanden.
Der Besitzer der nostalgischen Wohnung ist unglaublich nett und zuvorkommend. :))))))
Gerne immer wieder!
LG aus München
A nice studio in the middle of the old town. Charming and picturesque. Be willing to climb the hill. Plumbing is simple but ok for a few days.
Een leuke studio midden in de oude stad. Charmant en pittoresk. Wel bereid zijn om de heuvel op te klimmen. Sanitair is eenvoudig maar oké voor enkele dagen.
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International Journal of Chemical Engineering
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 148147, 12 pages
Measurement of Membrane Characteristics Using the Phenomenological Equation and the Overall Mass Transport Equation in Ion-Exchange Membrane Electrodialysis of Saline Water
IEM Research, 1-46-3 Kamiya, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300-1216, Japan
Received 6 November 2011; Accepted 18 January 2012
Academic Editor: Seung Hyeon Moon
Copyright © 2012 Yoshinobu Tanaka. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The overall membrane pair characteristics included in the overall mass transport equation are understandable using the phenomenological equations expressed in the irreversible thermodynamics. In this investigation, the overall membrane pair characteristics (overall transport number , overall solute permeability , overall electro-osmotic permeability and overall hydraulic permeability ) were measured by seawater electrodialysis changing current density, temperature and salt concentration, and it was found that occasionally takes minus value. For understanding the above phenomenon, new concept of the overall concentration reflection coefficient is introduced from the phenomenological equation. This is the aim of this investigation. is defined for describing the permselectivity between solutes and water molecules in the electrodialysis system just after an electric current interruption. is expressed by the function of and . is generally larger than 1 and is positive, but occasionally becomes less than 1 and becomes negative. Negative means that ions are transferred with water molecules (solvent) from desalting cells toward concentrating cells just after an electric current interruption, indicating up-hill transport or coupled transport between water molecules and solutes.
1. Introduction
Mass transport across the membrane must be discussed fundamentally on the basis of the thermodynamics because the thermodynamics describes the rule of energy changes inevitably generating in the mass transport. However, the classical thermodynamics discusses only reversible phenomena and it does not treat transport rate. The irreversible thermodynamics came to succeed in discussing the transport rate by introducing the concept of "time" in its system [1–4]. Basic theory of the irreversible thermodynamics is established on the assumption of "microscopic irreversibility" [5–7]. This assumption holds more strictly in the circumstance being more close to equilibrium states. The actual electrodialysis process is not formed in the equilibrium states, so that the irreversible thermodynamics is assumed to exhibit only approximated meaning in the electrodialysis system. However, the irreversible thermodynamics is considered to be applicable in the circumstances being apart to some extent from equilibrium states [8, 9]. The irreversible thermodynamics is the fundamental rule of mass transport and it is expressed by the functions including phenomenological coefficients. On the other hand, the performance of an electrodialyzer is expressed by the functions including parameters such as electrodialysis conditions and process specifications. These parameters cannot be discussed directly based on the irreversible thermodynamics. In the previous investigation, the overall mass transport equation was related to the irreversible thermodynamics and developed for analyzing the performance of an electrodialyzer [10]. It was successfully employed in the computer simulation of an electrodialysis process [11–13]. The overall mass transport equation includes the parameters such as the overall transport number , the overall solute permeability , the overall electro-osmotic permeability , and the overall hydraulic permeability . Among these parameters, is very small values and further in some cases, was found to take negative values. In such cases, has been conventionally neglected by setting . The aim of this investigation is to establish reasonable explanation of the negative . For understanding this phenomenon, the concept of the overall concentration reflection coefficient [10] must be supplied.
2. Theoretical
2.1. Phenomenological Equation and Overall Mass Transport Equation
When two kinds of ions are transported with solvent in a solution, their fluxes influence each other, because the fluxes and driving forces are not independent and coupled together. The interactions are presented in the irreversible thermodynamics. Kedem and Katchalsky introduced the following phenomenological equation expressing the electric current , volume flow of a solution and mass flux of component ; in a membrane system [14], is a potential difference, is a pressure difference, and is a chemical potential difference across the membrane. House [15] discussed an electrokinetic phenomenon based on the approaches of Kedem and Katchalsky [14]. Referring to this suggestion, Schultz discussed the principle of salt and solvent (water) transport in a two-cell electrodialysis system (cell I and cell II) incorporated with a cation-exchange membrane and introduced the following equations expressing the flux of solutes and a solution across the membrane [16], in which is the transport number, is the solute permeability, is the electro-osmotic permeability, is the hydraulic permeability, is the reflection coefficient of the cation-exchange membrane, and these phenomenological coefficients are membrane characteristics. is the gas constant, is the Faraday constant, and is the absolute temperature. is salt concentration difference between cell II and cell I. is the logarithmic mean concentration across the membrane defined by
The principle of separating salt from water is introduced based on the theory mentioned above using a three-cell electrodialysis system (Figure 1). The system consists of a central cell (cell II) and electrode cells (cell I and cell III) placed on both outsides of cell II. A cation-exchange membrane () is placed between cell I and cell II, and an anion-exchange membrane () is placed between cell II and cell III. Supplying a salt solution into cell I and cell III, constant current density is applied and a salt solution being collected in cell II is taken out from the system until the salt concentration in cell II reaches steady constant. Salt accumulation and solution accumulation in cell II in the steady state are given by the following equation introduced from (2) [10]: Here, we put . and are transport number of counter ions of a cation- and an anion-exchange membrane respectively. Subscripts and denote a cation- and an anion-exchange membrane. Superscripts ' and " denote desalting sides (cells I and III) and a concentrating side (cell II), respectively. is logarithmic mean concentration defined by (3).
The overall mass transport equation was developed from electrodialysis experiments as described in Section 3 experiment. Namely, a strong electrolyte solution is supplied to an electrodialyzer illustrated in Figure 2 keeping the linear solution velocities in desalting cells to be constant. Passing a constant electric current (A/cm2) through electrodes, concentrate is extracted from concentrating cells. After the electrolyte concentration reaches constant (), salt concentration in desalting cells (equiv./cm3), ion flux (equiv./cm2s) and volume flux (cm3/cm2s) transported across a membrane pair are measured. Plotting and against ( creates linear lines as exemplified in Figures 3 and 4. These lines are expressed by the following overall mass transport equation [10]: in which (eqC−1) is the overall transport number, (cm s−1) is the overall solute permeability, (cm3C−1) is the overall electro-osmotic permeability, and (cm4eq−1s−1) is the overall hydraulic permeability. These parameters are termed the overall membrane pair characteristics and they are measured easily from the intercepts and gradients of the linear lines. The term "overall" means that the coefficients express the contributions of a cation- and an anion-exchange membrane. It means also that the coefficients express the contributions of many types of ions dissolving in a strong electrolyte solution. Terms and in (5) stand for migration and diffusion of ions. Terms and in (6) correspond to electro-osmosis and hydraulic osmosis of a solution. Osmosis refers to the movement of solvent in the original definition. However, the osmosis referred in (6) consists of the osmotic flow of solvent and of the volume flow associated with solutes.
The overall mass transport equation does not hold in the equilibrium state because it was developed from saline water electrodialysis experiments. It describes the mass transport in the nonequilibrium state. It is conceptually simple and available for discussing electrodialysis phenomena without contradictions.
In the electrodialysis experiments, the solutions supplied to desalting cells are mixed vigorously by spacers integrated. Thus, the boundary layer effects on the membrane surfaces are assumed to be negligible. The influence of concentration polarization on the overall membrane pair characteristics were discussed in the previous investigation [10] and concluded that the membrane pair characteristics are not influenced by the concentration polarization.
2.2. Overall Membrane Pair Characteristics and Phenomenological Coefficients
The overall mass transport equation ((5) and (6)) is substantially identical to the phenomenological equation expressed in irreversible thermodynamics (4):
From (7), the overall membrane pair characteristics , , and are presented by the functions of the membrane characteristics defined in the phenomenological equation as follows:
Here, and are reflection coefficients of a cation- and an anion-exchange membrane respectively ((18) and (19)). expresses the contributions of a cation- and an anion-exchange membrane, so it is termed the overall reflection coefficient (Equation (20)) and it is introduced as follows.
From (9): From (11), From (12) and (13),
when ,
when ,
when , .
2.3. Reflection Coefficient
Equations (8)–(11) show that and appear in and , and disappear in and . These events and (5) and (6) suggest that and do not exert an influence on electric current-driven mass transport, that is, migration and electro-osmosis. Reflection coefficient is a parameter indicating the permselectivity between solutes and solvent passing through the membrane. It is essentially the concept developed in pressure-driven dialysis. This phenomenon is conceivable in electrodialysis, but the concept developed in pressure dialysis is not directly applicable to the phenomenon in electrodialysis. In order to understand the behavior of the reflection coefficient in an electrodialysis process, it is necessary to establish a concept of zero current density. In other words, it is reasonable to image the electric current interruption (switch off) for a moment in the electrodialysis process operating under a constant electric current, and assume the disappearance of the migration and electro-osmosis in this moment. Here, we assume further that solute diffusion and hydraulic osmosis remain as they are just after the electric current interruption [10].
In order to discuss the behavior of the reflection coefficient in an electrodialysis process, we express the volume flow and exchange flow in an ion-exchange membrane pair by the following equations introduced by Schloegel [17]: and are pressure difference and concentration difference across the membrane, respectively. is the hydraulic conductivity and is the exchange flow parameter. is the osmotic volume flow coefficient and is the ultrafiltration coefficient. is the flux of water molecules. and are respectively, logarithmic mean concentration (3) of solutes and water (solvent) between a desalting cell and a concentrating cell. It should be noticed that (15) and (16) are originally defined in the pressure-driven transport (pressure dialysis) of neutral species with no electric current. Equation (15) presents the sum of the solute flux and solvent flux , while (16) shows the difference between and . It should be added that (6) expresses the solution flux and not expresses the solvent flux .
In a pressure-driven process, putting in (15) and (16) introduces the following equation applicable to pressure dialysis: and included in (4) are defined by Staverman [18] and Kedem-Katchalsky [19] as follows: We define the overall reflection coefficient (14) using (18) and (19): given in (20) is the reflection coefficient defined in the pressure-driven dialysis. Here, we term "overall pressure reflection coefficient," because it is the membrane pair characteristic and reflects pressure difference -driven phenomenon.
given in (18)–(20) defines the permselectivity between water (solvent) and solutes and it is originally established in pressure-dialysis. For understanding the permselectivity between water and solutes (ions) in electrodialysis, is fundamentally inapplicable. The permselectivity between water and ions in electrodialysis must be explained on the basis of (overall concentration reflection coefficient) described below.
In the electrodialysis process, is relatively low and negligible, and just after an electric current interruption (switch off), remains as it is. Putting in (15) and (16) introduces the following equations applicable to electrodialysis: We define here another reflection coefficient introduced from (21) and generated just after an electric current interruption as follows:
(22) is the reflection coefficient defined in electrodialysis, and it is termed "the overall concentration reflection coefficient" because it reflects a concentration difference -driven phenomenon.
Koter [20] suggests that the Onsager reciprocity [5, 6] is not satisfied and the relationship between and depends on the concentration difference across the membrane. One example for Nafion 417 in NaCl/H2O at is . Thus, the reciprocal equation is presented as follows: in which, is defined as the Onsager reciprocity coefficient.
From (20), (22), and (23): Cancelling, in (15) and (16): From (22) and (25),
presented in (26) gives the permselectivity between ions and water molecules just after an electric current interruption. and are expressed as the following equations just after an electric current interruption by putting in (5) and (6): Substituting (27) into (26):
2.4. Membrane Characteristics
Yamauchi and Yasuko Tanaka [21] measured , , and of a cation-exchange membrane (Neosepta CL-25T, Tokuyama Soda Co. Ltd.) by means of pressure-driven dialysis of a KCl solution and found to be unity. This phenomenon means that K+ ions do not pass through the cation-exchange membrane due to the Donnan exclusion of co-ions (Cl− ions). and included in (9), (11) and (14) are equivalent to measured in the above experiment. So, (8)–(11) are simplified as follows by substituting in (9), (11), and (14): Putting in (20), From (24) and (32),
3. Experimental
3.1. Electrodialysis 1
The following commercially available ion-exchange membranes were integrated into an electrodialyzer ED and formed an electrodialysis system [22] as illustrated in Figure 2.
Aciplex K172/A172, Asahi Chemical Co.
Selemion CMV/ASR, Asahi Glass Co.
Neosepta CIMS/ACS3. Tokuyama Inco.
The specifications of the membranes are listed in Table 1. The effective membrane area was maintained to 1.72 dm2 (18 cm length, 10 cm width). The flow-pass thickness in a desalting and a concentrating cell was 0.075 cm. Number of cell pairs was 9. Seawater was supplied into the diluate tank DT, then it was supplied to desalting cells De at a linear velocity of 5 cm/s keeping temperature to 25, 35, 50, or 60°C. Passing a constant electric current through the Ti/Pt-anode and stainless (SUS 304) cathode, concentrate was extracted from concentrating cells. Confirming the salt concentration of the concentrate to be stable, diluate and concentrate were sampled. Electrodialysis was repeated changing current density incrementally.
In Figure 2, partition cells were incorporated between the desalting cells and electrode cells and seawater was supplied to the partition cells for preventing the influence of electrode reactions to the performance of electrodialysis. Seawater was also supplied to the electrode cells. The electrode reactions are as follows: An HCl solution was supplied to the cathode cell to dissolve Mg(OH)2.
3.2. Electrodialysis 2
The following commercially available membranes were integrated into an electrodialyzer [10] similar to the unit in Figure 2: Aciplex CK2/CA3, Selemion CMV2/AST, Neosepta CL25T/AVS4T.
The specifications of the membranes are listed in Table 1. The effective membrane area was 5 dm2 (25 cm length, 20 cm width). The flow-pass thickness in a desalting cell and concentrating cell was 0.12 cm. Number of cell pairs was 10. Diluted seawater (0.294 eq/dm3), seawater (0.577 eq/dm3), and concentrated seawater (1.131 and 1.920 eq/dm3) were supplied into the diluate tank DT, then it was supplied to desalting cells De at a linear velocity of 5 cm/s keeping temperature to 29°C. Passing a constant electric current through graphite-stainless electrodes, concentrate was extracted from concentrating cells. Diluate and concentrate were sampled and electrodialysis was repeated changing current density step by step as described in the electrodialysis 1.
3.3. Chemical Analysis
Concentration (eq/dm3) of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, and SO42− ions in diluate and concentrate were analyzed. In seawater electrodialysis, total salt concentration is given as . So, sodium ion concentration is given by .
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Overall Mass Transport Equation and Overall Membrane Pair Characteristics; , , and
and are plotted against and exemplified in Figures 3 and 4. From these plots, overall transport number , overall solute permeability , overall electro-osmotic permeability , and overall hydraulic permeability are calculated as shown in the figures. The gradient of versus is usually negative, so is positive (Figure 3). However, the gradient occasionally gives positive, so becomes negative (Figure 4). values of the commercially available membranes are generally very small due to the Donnan exclusion of the membranes against co-ions and their dense structure. Using the overall mass transport equation, can be detected from the above gradients. Overall membrane pair characteristics observed in this investigation are listed in Table 2. values of the Neosepta CIMS/ACS3 membranes (Electrodialysis 1) and the Selemion CMV2/AST membranes (Electrodialysis 2) are found to be negative.
4.2. Membrane Characteristics , , , and
Substituting , , , and into (29)–(32), membrane characteristics (phenomenological coefficients) such as transport number , solute permeability , electro-osmotic permeability , and hydraulic conductivity are calculated. is equivalent to + as defined in (33).
Figures 5–8 show the relationship between temperature and the membrane characteristics obtained in Section 2.1 Electrodialysis 1. It is seen that increases apparently with . and increase slightly with . is not influenced by . for Neosepta CIMS/ACS3 membranes is negative (Figure 6) because (Table 2).
Figures 9–12 show the relationships between salt concentrations in desalting cells and membrane characteristics obtained in Section 2.2 Electrodialysis 2. decreases and + increases to some extent with the increase of . is not influenced by . + increases slightly with and it takes negative for Selemion CMV2/AST membranes (Figure 10) due to (Table 2).
4.3. Overall Concentration Reflection Coefficient
is defined by the functions of current density because is given by the function of logarithmic mean concentration (Equation (28)). However, the experimental results show that is not influenced by current density. Thus, the observed is averaged for each current density. Figures (13) and (14) show the versus and . is generally larger than 1, however, less than 1 for Neosepta CIMS/ACS3 membranes and for Selemion CMV2/AST membranes. The phenomena exhibited in Figures (13) and (14) are understandable as follows.
defined in (26) gives the permselectivity between ions and water molecules just after an electric current interruption. Physical rationale of is given by the following relationships realized in an electrodialysis system (Figure 15) incorporated with a cation- and an anion-exchange membrane and cells I, II and III in which electrolyte solutions are filled:
In Figure 15, an electric current is passed through reversible electrodes and electrolyte concentration in cells I and III is assumed to be decreased to and that in cell II is increased to (). The axis is drawn across each ion-exchange membrane as shown in the figure. Direction of water flux is positive (); is positive () in every situation.
Solute flux across the membrane is generally negative () and it moves from the concentrating cell (cell II) toward desalting cells (cells I and III) due to solute diffusion just after an electric current interruption. In this situation, the concentration reflection coefficient is larger than 1 (Equation (39), , Figures 13 and 14). This phenomenon is ordinary in electrodialysis, but extraordinary in pressure dialysis because the direction of the solute due to solute diffusion is against water flux due to hydraulic osmosis. In this case, the overall solute permeability becomes positive, that is, (Table 2) and (Figurs 6 and 10).
In Neosepta CIMS/ACS3 membranes and Selemion CMV2/AST membranes, solutes move from the desalting cells (cells I and III) toward concentrating cell (cell II) () just after an electric current interruption. In this situation, the concentration reflection coefficient is less than 1 (Equation (37), , Figures 13 and 14). This phenomenon is ordinary in pressure dialysis because the direction of the solute is the same to the water flux due to hydraulic osmosis. The overall solute permeability in this situation becomes negative () (Table 2). The negative is indicative of coupled transport between water and solute, which is demonstrated also by negative (Figures 6 and 10). However, this phenomenon is extraordinary in electrodialysis because it means uphill transport of solutes against the concentration difference ().
In repeating words, ions (solutes) transfer (diffuse) generally from concentrating cells toward desalting cells (, , ). This direction of solute flux () is ordinary in electrodialysis but extraordinary in pressure dialysis because the direction of solute flux is against water flux (). In some cases, ions transfer from desalting cells toward concentrating cells (, , ). This direction of solute flux () is extra-ordinary in electrodialysis, but ordinary in pressure dialysis because the direction of solute flux is the same to water flux (), which indicates up-hill transport or coupled transport between water and solutes.
4.4. Exchange Flow Parameter
is calculated from and (Equation (34)). is the leading parameter and the other membrane characteristics are governed by . [10]. is increased with (Figure 16) and hardly influenced by (Figure 17). These phenomena are caused by that is increased with and hardly influenced by .
5. Conclusion
Phenomenological coefficients such as transport number, solute permeability, electro-osmotic permeability, hydraulic permeability, and exchange flow parameter included in the phenomenological equations are evaluated by electrodialysis based on the overall mass transport equation. The overall reflection coefficient is essentially the concept applied in pressure-driven dialysis. In order to understand the behavior of the overall reflection coefficient in an electrodialysis process, the concept of the overall concentration reflection coefficient is applied. presents the permselectivity between ions and water molecules across a membrane pair just after an electric current interruption in an electrodialysis process. is generally larger than 1 and at the same time the overall solute permeability is positive in usual commercially available ion-exchange membranes. However, occasionally becomes less than 1 and becomes negative, which indicates up-hill transport or coupled transport between water and solutes.
|Concentration (equiv. cm−3)
|Mean concentration (equiv. cm−3)
|Faraday constant (C equiv. −1)
|Current density (A cm−2)
|Electric current (A)
|Volume flow (cm s−1)
|Exchange flow (cm s−1)
|Salt flux (equiv.cm−2s−1)
|Volume flux (cm3cm−2s−1)
|Flux of water molecules (mol cm−2s−1)
|Onsager reciprocity coefficient
|Exchange flow parameter (mol cm4 equiv. −1J−1s−1)
|Ultrafiltration coefficient (mol cm4equiv. −1J−1s−1)
|Hydraulic conductivity (mol cm4equiv. −1J−1s−1)
|Osmotic volume flow coefficient (mol cm4equiv. −1J−1s−1)
|Gas constant (JK−1 mol−1)
|Transport number
|Temperature (°C, K).
|Electro-osmotic permeability (cm3C−1)
|Concentration difference (equiv. cm−3)
|Hydraulic pressure difference (dyn cm−2)
|Potential difference (V)
|Chemical potential difference (J mol−1)
|Overall transport number (equiv. C−1)
|Overall solute permeability (cm s−1)
|Overall hydraulic permeability (cm4equiv.−1s−1)
|Reflection coefficient, overall pressure reflection coefficient
|Overall concentration reflection coefficient
|Overall electro-osmotic permeability (cm3C−1)
|Solute permeability (mol cm J−1s−1).
|Anion-exchange membrane
|Cation-exchange membrane
|Water molecule (solvent).
|Desalting cell
|Concentrating cell.
The authors are grateful to Mr. S. Nagatsuka and Mr. M. Akiyama, Odawara Salt Experimental Station, Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corp. for their cooperation in the experimental work.
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- A. J. Staverman, "The theory of measurement of osmotic pressure," Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 344–352, 1951. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- O. Kedem and A. Katchalsky, "Thermodynamic analysis of the permeability of biological membranes to non-electrolytes," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 229–246, 1958. View at Google Scholar
- S. Koter, "Transport of electrolytes across cation-exchange membranes. Test of Onsager reciprocity in zero-current processes," Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 78, no. 1-2, pp. 155–162, 1993. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Yamauchi and Y. Tanaka, "Salt transport phenomena across charged membrane driven by pressure difference," in Effective Membrane Process—New Prospective, R. Paterson, Ed., pp. 179–185, BHR Group; Information Press, Oxford, UK, 1993. View at Google Scholar
- Y. Tanaka, "Ion exchange membrane electrodialysis of saline water desalination and its application to seawater concentration," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 7494–7503, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar

subset: commoncrawl


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A few weeks ago the ATF opened a comment period for proposed rule changes. The initial rumor was that they were going to eliminate the useless local CLEO (Chief Law Enforcement Officer... Read more
Today marks the 5th anniversary of the Flounder Revolution (R) official launch. It has been amazing to see how it has impacted flounder fisheries and conservation and inspired so m... Read more


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Treacherous and alluring sea
Page Tools
The tsunami disaster has forced us to see the sea through new eyes.
Joseph Conrad knew the power of the sea. "The ocean has the conscienceless temper of a savage autocrat spoiled by much adulation," he wrote in 1906. "He has gone on swallowing up fleets and men without his resentment being glutted by the number of victims."
One of the earliest works of English literature is a poem of a mariner's difficult life. The Seafarer was copied into the Exeter Book about 904. Its anonymous author writes: "He who lives most prosperously on land does not understand how I, careworn and cut off from my kinsmen, have as an exile endured a winter on the icy sea."
Maritime peoples have long been chronically oppressed and fascinated by the sea, writes Jonathan Raban in The Oxford Book of the Sea. Much of the writing in his anthology deals with the sea's treachery, its beauty and cruelty and the contradictory emotions it evokes. But nowhere is there reference to anything like the Boxing Day tsunami. It's as if such a catastrophe were beyond the reach of the Western literary imagination.
I grew up near the sea. I loved the salt air, the sense of possibility that came from watching a liquid horizon. My sea was Port Phillip Bay. I did not sail or fish it. I knew only its surfaces and shallow depths. I romanticised and aestheticised it. I am not alone.
Since my '70s childhood, Australians have moved closer to the coast. They build houses full of glass to take in the view. There is talk of sea changes, as if proximity to water has potential to transform. The sea indeed has immense potential but often it is to destroy.
In Asia, waves moving at hundreds of kilometres an hour have killed indiscriminately. In the tsunami's aftermath, many have questioned the existence of God. I find myself questioning our relationship to the sea, those foaming oceans prone to romanticisation by comfortable city dwellers.
I find myself questioning our relationship to the sea, those foaming oceans prone to romanticisation.
In India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia, it seems those with least money often lived closest to the sea. Poor fishermen and their families squashed into flimsy shacks. They had no choice. They could not afford firmer foundations on higher ground. Now, such fishermen try to untangle nets from rubble. Without these nets, they will starve.
What a contrast to our world. Like most people, I enjoy staying in beach houses but it felt surreal to turn from the news pages of last Saturday's Age, describing the misery across the Indian ocean, to the local real estate section where ads swooned over "absolute beach frontage" in Lorne. A house beside Point Leo surf beach was selling for $900,000-plus.
Historically, many here have feared the sea, which might explain why few early settlers built houses beside it. They had come by boat on wild waters. Many others had died on the way. Yet in 18th century Britain, writes Raban, the sea was already being associated with health and pleasure. Sea bathing was seen as a tonic. By the 19th and 20th centuries, romantic ideas of the sea as a last frontier sanctified nature and wilderness. In recent decades, a coastal pop culture steeped in sun, surf and palm trees has encouraged us to see the sea as a playground or perhaps a mirror reflecting our carefree selves.
Travel brochures feed this culture. So do real estate agents, pop songs, coffee table books, soft drink ads and surf shops. In my own photo album I can be seen at beaches such as Koh Samui, in Thailand, and Fethiya, in Turkey.
Grinding poverty is surely the chief reason so many died in Asia: these countries lacked a tsunami warning system; many buildings were flimsy, and isolated areas lacked resources to the cope with the destruction. But a very Western, contemporary love of the sea and of beach culture has embroiled thousands of foreign tourists in the carnage. The sea, wrote poet Elinor Wylie, "creeps to pillage, she leaps on her prey".
Port Phillip Bay, we are told, is probably too shallow and narrow at the entrance to be a tsunami risk. But as I read about the deaths in Asia, feeling unsure what to do but send more money, I am mindful of how our own actions are affecting the sea. Fish stocks are depleting around the world. Global warming is causing sea levels to rise, threatening countries such as Tuvalu. An earthquake caused the Asian tsunami but the same capricious sea that sustains those poor, bereaved fishermen also sustains us.
Closer to home, five members of a Ballarat family drown off the Warrnambool coast. At an Adelaide beach, a shark mauls a surfer. At my home, I hear seagulls and read the words of poet Mary Oliver: "The sea isn't a place but a fact, and a mystery."
Suzy Freeman-Greene is a staff journalist.
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Out on digital and as a white-sleeved, one-sided 12" limited to just 1500 copies worldwide, Erol Alkan's stripped-back, minimal rework of Tame Impala's 'Be Above It' has just been released on Modular. Taken off their 'Lonerism' record, it ups the acid influence after his epic elongation of 'Why Won't You Make Up Your Mind' - the original already dabbles in techno-like repetition, albeit with mostly live loops, and Alkan takes this approach to its logical conclusion, adding those magic numbers 303 and 909 and in turn raising the roof to previously unfathomable jacking heights.
It's out now, get it on Beatport
via Modular People


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Hi fellow authors,
I'm looking for a female voice-over artist that can record some promo lines that I can use in videos and my own music tracks. It consists of 3-4 short voice recordings, a couple of seconds each, like the stuff you hear in this video for example.
- Preferably native English or American voice
- Good quality, dry studio recordings without effects
I think $25 per line is a decent fee, so that would make $100 total for 4 lines. I need them to be royalty-free, so a one-time payment.
If you're interested, please give me a link to your work or contact me via e-mail.
Edit: can a mod please fix the title for me? It meant to say $100, not $10-
Oh, "promo", i read something totally different…
Thanks for fixing the title, now this thread only needs to be moved back to Item Requests.
Hi – my wife used to do this sort of stuff, but we've no portfolio as such. She's English with a neutral home counties voice. last project was for NTL .
can get her to record a line in audacity – and let you hear -
email me email@example.com


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[F130 Amount of home loss payment in England and Wales.E+W
(1)In the case of a person who on the date of displacement is occupying, or is treated for the purposes of section 29 above as occupying, the dwelling by virtue of an interest in it which is an owner's interest, the amount of the home loss payment shall be 10 per cent. of the market value of his interest in the dwelling or, as the case may be, the interest in the dwelling vested in trustees, subject to a maximum of £15,000 and a minimum of £1,500.
(2)In any other case, the amount of the home loss payment shall be £1,500.
(3)For the purposes of this section and section 32 below the market value of an interest in a dwelling—
(a)in a case where the interest is compulsorily acquired, is the amount assessed for the purposes of the acquisition as the value of the interest; and
(b)in any other case, is the amount which, if the interest were being compulsorily acquired in pursuance of a notice to treat served on the date of displacement, would be assessed for the purposes of the acquisition as the value of the interest,
and any dispute as to the amount referred to in paragraph (b) above shall be determined by the Lands Tribunal.
(4)In determining for the purposes of this section and section 32 below the market value of an interest in a dwelling, the dwelling shall be taken to include any garden, yard, outhouses and appurtenances belonging to or usually enjoyed with that dwelling.
(5)The Secretary of State may from time to time by regulations prescribe a different maximum or minimum for the purposes of subsection (1) above and a different amount for the purposes of subsection (2) above.
(6)The power to make regulations under subsection (5) above shall be exercisable by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
(7) In this section " owner's interest " means the interest of a person who is an owner as defined in section 7 of the M1 Acquisition of Land Act 1981. ]
Annotations are used to give authority for changes and other effects on the legislation you are viewing and to convey editorial information. They appear at the foot of the relevant provision or under the associated heading. Annotations are categorised by annotation type, such as F-notes for textual amendments and I-notes for commencement information (a full list can be found in the Editorial Practice Guide). Each annotation is identified by a sequential reference number. For F-notes, M-notes and X-notes, the number also appears in bold superscript at the relevant location in the text. All annotations contain links to the affecting legislation.
Amendments (Textual)
F1S. 30 substituted (25.09.1991) by Planning and Compensation Act 1991 (c. 34, SIF 28:1), s. 68(3)(9) (with s. 84(5)); S.I. 1991/2067, art. 3.
Marginal Citations


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sbc block fill
Has anyone tried a 1/2 block fill for street rod? Any cooling issues? How much weight does it add? Pros and cons?
hard block is lighter ten cement,i have done this on a cracked 5.0 block but i would say it was not quite half filled.as long as your not sitting in dead stoped traffic for an hour you will be ok.
what is your set up before i say that?
it helps stenghten the block but i did it for other reasons,other then that it was on truck pullin engines big block chevy and they were completly filled heads and all.they made about 2200-2500hp.
i would not do it just for a street rod
What would your reason be for using it on a streeter, I,m just curious.
It would actually be going in a circle track engine. Short races usually with lots of slow caution laps. I don't have a fan either. I have an electric fan that I switch on during cautions. Engine runs on methanol. Has a 195 thermostat. It never gets up to temperature until I run the feature event with more laps. Wanted to strengthen the bores and get better/more even cooling/heating. Thought that this might do the trick. Plan on putting it in a 4 bolt main 383 stroker for next season. Have a .020 over 010 block that I plan on using.
I did it on a 2 bolt that I went to 4 bolt billet caps on. Figured it would be a good Idea being Its got around 500 hp and I run it hard at the track every once in awhile. I only did it after talking to several people. The consensus was it wouldnt effect the cooling at all, that 90 percent of your heat and cooling is in your heads. Well being in Tucson Az were it gets up to 110 on a regular basis I havent had any cooling problems whatsoever. But keep in mind I have alluminum heads and radiator and a huge electric fan.
Have "short filled" a few and never had a cooling issue. Last one was a 406 sbc in my S-truck. Salvaged a good 400 block that had a crack in lifter valley.
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Fire pan
|This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (August 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A fire pan is a pan for holding or conveying fire which is often used as method for building a Leave No Trace fire.
Fire pans were initially used by river guides to minimize the impact of their fires but they are becoming increasingly popular with backpackers, campers and other outdoor users. The pan is usually a metal tray with rigid sides at least three inches high such as a metal oil drain pan or a backyard barbecue grill.
The use of a fire pan reduces the impact to the ground, vegetation and rocks, and its compact size results in the burning of less wood. Fire pans also allow users to easily burn their accumulated garbage although the best practice is to only burn paper. Combustible items will be reduced to ash. A fire pan user can leave no trace of their previous fire because the ashes can be collected and buried.
When using a fire pan care should be taken so the heat does not scorch vegetation or sterilize the ground, therefore it is necessary to elevate the pan with rocks or with several inches of mineral soil. Used in winter a fire pan can be placed atop limbs or logs to keep the pan from sinking into the snow. A fire pan can be more convenient than a traditional campfire because it allows the fire to be picked up and moved should the need arise.


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It's "Love Yourself Week," so of course we are going to channel our inner Oprahs for schmoopy listicles on the 30 things we love about ourselves. But usually when we talk about "loving yourself" here in the Frisky-verse, there's something else we mean: masturbation.
Whether it's with a vibrator, a dildo, fingers — or, heck, the contents of your produce drawer! — we are big fans of rubbing one out. As Woody Allen famously said, "Masturbation is sex with someone I love!" In the spirit of loving yourself in this very special way, we've constructed a helpful flowchart to help you decide whether you should masturbate right now. (Quickie answer? If you are reading this at the office, the answer is "no.")


text: As the Kansas Legislature wraps up its first week of the 2013 legislative session, a number of pro-gun bills have already been introduced. In addition to a number of technical changes, Senate Bill 21, introduced by the Senate Federal and State Affairs Committee, would reform the states Right-to-Carry laws and strengthen the rights of Kansas law-abiding gun owners in several ways. This bill has yet to be assigned a hearing date.


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Contributed by Jason Knapfel, the Senior Producer for DietsInReview.com, which provides the tools and information needed to shape a healthier you.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, nearly 24 million Americans have diabetes. Think about it: Nearly 8% (that's almost one of every 10 people you will see today) suffers from diabetes.
Worse yet, there are a lot more people who have "pre-diabetes" and aren't aware of whgat lies ahead...
Diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage and even the loss of limbs.
It can also be a factor in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of your arteries, which leads to strokes, coronary heart disease and other diseases.
Ultimately, if not monitored and managed properly, diabetes can be fatal. In fact, it is the third most prevalent cause of death in the U.S. (behind heart disease and cancer).
While genetics sometimes has a part in whether or not you will ever have diabetes, your lifestyle choices also play a major role.
The best way to prevent diabetes in the first place is to keep your weight in check and exercise. There are some specific nutrients that can have an impact as well.
According to a new study, you can boost the tools in your diabetes prevention tool kit by making sure that you get enough magnesium.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that people who consumed the most magnesium (from foods and vitamin supplements) are about half as likely to develop diabetes over the next 20 years as those who took in the lowest amount of magnesium.
"Increasing magnesium intake may be important for improving insulin sensitivity, reducing systemic inflammation, and decreasing diabetes risk," the researchers reported.
The people with the highest magnesium intake averaged about 200 milligrams of magnesium for every 1,000 calories they consumed, and they were 47% less likely to develop diabetes.
Click here for DietsinReview.com's review of Diet-to-Go.


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Who We Are
The goal of the Red Hot Riders is simple: to enjoy riding our motorcycles safely with friends. We are also a philanthropic organization that donates funds and effort to support various community individuals and organizations. Expect to enjoy new experiences and make memories with new friends, plus catch up with your old friends. We are open to all makes of bikes.
If you are already a member of SCMA, and/or AMA, you know that your membership offers you more benefits and peace of mind than have ever before been available to a motorcyclist. In joining a local chapter of these great national associations, you will be able to expand even further the benefits of owning your motorcycle. However, you need not be a member of these national associations to become a member of the Red Hot Riders.
Track days are held periodically during the year, allowing all riders an opportunity to sharpen their riding skills in a controlled environment. These events are very popular with riders of all types of bikes, and a lot of fun. read more >>>
The Club holds monthly rides and also meets on the second Wednesday of every month at at Giovanni's Restaurant; 9353 Clairemont Mesa Boulevard San Diego, 92123; (858) 279-6700; at the corner of Ruffin Road and Clairemont Mesa Blvd. North of the "Q", South of the 52, East of the 163, and West of I-15 for dinner at 6:00pm and at 7:00pm for our monthly meeting. These meetings are not only meant to bring the members up to date on Club happenings, but are also like a show and tell. Bring your favorite motorcycle toy and share it with us. If you happen to miss the meeting, you can stay in touch with the Club's activities by receiving our newsletter.
The motorcycle club has already attracted a number of San Diego members with great ideas on how to keep the Club informative and exciting. We welcome all riders and motorcycle enthusiasts, and we're sure your participation will help make being a member a great deal of fun.
If you would like more information about
the Club, Contact us.
We look forward to seeing you at our next San Diego meeting and sharing
the road
with you on the Red Hot Riders' next ride.


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This is the second to the last of the 53 classic motor yachts and one of a few with the light wood interior. The current owner has had this boat for over 15 years and has meticulously maintained it. 6v92s currently have about 3250 hours on them. The vessel was professionally painted with awl grip snow white paint about six years ago and a Side Power bow thruster was also added about 5 years ago. All varnish is up and in great shape. Located in Longboat Key Moorings marina and the slip is also available for sale. Price just reduced - motivated seller
2300 E. Las Olas Blvd. Suite 3E
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
United States


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Traveling Preferences
- Available
- Unavailable
Being in the Marines has me in and out of the city alot and anytime that i have needed assistance with my beagle "Buddy" Sharon has always been there for me. wether it be an spontanious field operation or planned event she was always willing to work with me and always put the dog first.
About Sharon
I will treat your dog like I treat mine
I am taking reservations for the holidays. I will only keep one family of "babies" at the time.
1 Dog per night-$30.00, 2 Dogs per night $45.00 in my home.
3 or more must be kept in your home at a rate of $60.00per night and $10 additional for every pet over 3.
Will also take care of any other fur bearing animal(Cats Included Here) or fish IN YOUR ...


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New Zealand Tongan community leaders say Pacific Island overstayers are taking up jobs that could help their family members move here, and have pledged $1000 as a reward for information that leads to the arrest of people behind visa scams targeting the community.
Several cases have been reported of people promising Tongan overstayers visas to remain in here in exchange for cash payments.
Hundreds have been fooled into believing they can buy residence visas, and the number of Tongan overstayers has increased from 2181 in 2008 to 3109 last year.
An annual immigration quota system, the Pacific Access category, was started in 2002 as a pathway for 250 Tongans to migrate to New Zealand each year.
But despite its popularity, few in the community are able to gain residence through the scheme because they are unable to meet the requirement of finding a job.
"There are only so many jobs in New Zealand for Pacific people, and many of these have gone to overstayers who are taking under-the-table cash payment that's under the minimum wage," said community activist Will 'Ilolahia.
"This is stopping many from bringing their family members over because the jobs that should be for them have gone to the overstayers."
Mr 'Ilolahia said Tongan leaders have been urging the community to work with authorities, and several meetings have been organised to encourage people in the community to expose the scammers.
He said the visa scammers were crooks who preyed on desperate people who were trying to get a better life.
"We now know who they are, and we have given their names to immigration and the police," he said.
"We think that some people in the community may be hiding them, and hope the reward will be an added incentive for them to do the right thing."
Immigration issued a warning in June about fraudsters selling fake visas to Tongan overstayers for $290.
Last year, overstayers from the community were also targeted by scammers who claimed they had the the right to issue residency visas under the authority of the "Sovereign Maori Government of Aotearoa".
The chairman of the Tongan Advisory Council, Melino Maka, said he had received information that the main person behind the fraud was "hiding up north".
"We are now sending a message through churches and marae there, and using social media like Facebook to urge the community to expose her whereabouts," Mr Maka said.
Immigration general manager risk and integrity Peter Elms said purchasing fake visas was a criminal act, but "in cases where an overstayer is assisting authorities with a criminal investigation, due consideration will be given to balancing their status with the need to support any judicial process".
The Samoan community has the most overstayers at 3509.


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Christina Aguilera arriving at In-N-Out Burger in West Hollywood (2/23)
Christina Aguilera stopped by In-N-Out in West Hollywood for lunch on Saturday, and if you've ever wanted to meet her, now's your chance, because I'm assuming she's still there. Right now. "Ma'am, if you want to stay any longer, you're gonna have to fill out this W-2."
February 26, 2013 - 6:30 am


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Feb. 27, 2012
University of Michigan director of athletics Dave Brandon will regularly offer his view on a variety of topics related to U-M and intercollegiate sports. All his posts, along with links to related content, will be available on his page, mgoblue.com/brandon, and he is also on Twitter at @DaveBrandonAD.
There is no exact blueprint for being a Faculty Representative in college athletics. The job description varies throughout all schools. The emphasis on athletics, the individual school's philosophy and culture, and the personality of the individual are just part of what makes each Faculty Athletics Rep position unique.
While the approaches are different, certain areas of responsibility are mandatory at all universities.
The Faculty Athletics Representatives Association Handbook makes it perfectly clear this individual must involve a faculty viewpoint in the administration of intercollegiate athletics programs. He or she also helps maintain the highest regard for the academic and personal well-being of student-athletes.
The Faculty Representative is the liaison between academics and athletics. This person must keep a watchful eye on the institution's integrity and reputation.
For the past 22 years, we have been fortunate to have professor Percy Bates as our Faculty Representative. He has represented the University of Michigan in legislative matters at the Big Ten Conference and within the NCAA.
Percy has served on numerous committees and councils throughout the years.
As the chair of the NCAA Management Council, he served as the head of the major NCAA governing board. He also served a major role as the liaison from the NCAA to the Student Athletic Advisory Committee.
There were times during his tenure when Percy had to deal with the sting of rules violations and issues with student-athletes. Those days he might have wondered why he ever volunteered to be selected for this position! It is a tough job -- one that requires a great deal of time, diligence and effort.
But though the challenging times and the good times, Percy has done a remarkable job steering us through it all and keeping us grounded.
Game days are fun, but getting to know and work with student-athletes is the rewarding part of all of our positions in the athletic department. And as Percy prepares to step down from his position on June 30, it will be important for our student-athletes to understand who will fill his role, who will be their mentor, who will be their voice when it's needed.
Our new Faculty Rep, Anne Curzan, will have some big shoes to fill, but President Mary Sue Coleman is confident she will meet and exceed those expectations. And, after spending some time with Anne, so am I!
Hopefully, Anne will have the same experiences Percy Bates realized. The relationships, the friends and the service to a great university are wonderful memories Percy can take with him.
One of his most memorable moments blossomed into a relationship that will not end on June 30.
A few years back, while interviewing an incoming student-athlete, questions about the student's eligibility were brought forward by the admissions office. Percy said the high school student looked at everyone in the room and said, "If you admit me to the University of Michigan, you will never regret it."
The committee recommended him for admission, and four years later he sent a letter to the group. He wanted everyone who was on that committee to attend his graduation.
The student-athlete was Pierre Woods.
Percy watched this young man develop as a student and as an athlete during Woods' four years at U-M.
The day Pierre graduated was special not only for Pierre but also for Percy.
The committee believed in Pierre Woods. And there was a certain intangible quality Percy noticed in Woods.
When the young man made good on his promise, Percy Bates was as proud as any father could be. Now, every Father's Day, Percy receives a card from Woods in gratitude for his help.
This story really epitomizes the role of the Faculty Athletics Representative. These moments are what make the job important and rewarding.
Professor Percy Bates has made a tremendous impact on this athletic department and our student-athletes over a long period of time. This will never be forgotten.
Percy, thank you for all you did for Michigan.
Go Blue!
Bates to Step Down as Faculty Athletics Representative June 30 (2/21/2012)
Dave Brandon Home Page


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Posted by Tom Grant on August 31, 2010
When it comes to home improvement, I'm barely competent. My biggest hurdle is ignorance: when I was growing up, no one in our family was a do-it-yourselfer. Unless I had the opportunity to watch the handyman, electrician, or plumber fixing a problem, and that person was patient enough to let me observe, I had zero experience with these tasks.
Fast forward to a couple of years ago, when I signed up for installing hardwood floors in our home. Friends had said that it wasn't as hard as it looked, and the staggering quotes from contractors provided the incentive for forging ahead, despite my ignorance.
After buying the tools and digesting the instructions, I started on the first room. My first attempt was a hilarious escapade, which resembled a horizontal variant of Jenga more than anything that you could describe as "home improvement." After taking a break for a few days, I figured out where the project had gone wrong, made adjustments, and finished the room.


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Windsor police arrested three people in a raid on Monday, seizing cocaine, ammunition and a sawed-off shotgun.
The drugs and guns unit, along with the Emergency Services Unit, executed the search warrant in the 2100 block of Wellesley Avenue.
Under the mattress in a bedroom, they found a sawed-off shotgun with several shells. The found another 121 rounds of ammunition in a hallway closet. Officers also found 5.5 grams of cocaine in a second bedroom.
A 51-year-old Windsor man was expected to be arraigned in court this afternoon on charges of illegal possession of a firearm and improper storage of a firearm.
A 28-year-old Windsor woman will be charged with illegal possession of a firearm, possession of a firearm while prohibited, possession of ammunition while prohibited, fail to comply with conditions of a judicial release and improper storage of a firearm.
A 49-year-old Windsor man will be charged with illegal possession of a firearm, possession of cocaine and improper storage of a firearm.
[pn_facebook_like /]


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Do you manage your diabetes with insulin injections? Have you become unemployed in 2009 and do you lack health insurance?
BD and Direct Relief International, a global nonprofit organization, have teamed up to create the BD Diabetes Product Donation Program. This donation will provide free BD insulin syringes and pen needles directly to nationwide clinics and health centers to help eligible unemployed U.S. residents continue to manage their diabetes during these difficult economic times.
This distribution is designed to serve diabetes patients impacted by the recession.
How does the donation work?
For those who qualify for the BD Diabetes Product Donation Program, BD insulin syringes and pen needles will be available at no cost through health centers and free clinics located throughout the United States.
Patients injecting insulin must meet the following eligibility requirements:
Products will be available beginning August 10, 2009, at participating clinics and are subject to availability. To view a list of participating clinics, please visit Direct Relief.
Direct Relief International and BD have worked together since 1996, helping people around the world live healthy lives by supplying and delivering medical supplies to communities in greatest need.
To learn more about Direct Relief and view a list of participating clinics starting August 10, please visit www.directrelief.org
To learn more about BD, please visit www.bd.com


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|ASUS USB-N53 Dual Band Wireless-N300 USB Adapter
|Reviews - Featured Reviews: Network
|Written by Steven Iglesias-Hearst
|Tuesday, 06 March 2012
Page 1 of 5
ASUS USB-N53 Dual Band Wi-Fi Adapter Review
Manufacturer: ASUSTeK Computer Inc.
Full Disclosure: The product sample used in this article has been provided by ASUS.
Built on the same design slate as the black diamond series, comes the ASUS USB-N53 Dual Band Wireless-N300 USB Adapter. The USB-N53 has two built in antennae and can operate on 2.4GHz and 5GHz signals at up to 300Mb/s. On the box ASUS claim that the USB-N53 has a "Superior antenna design for extensive wireless coverage more than 150%" and this does show through in our tests, our testing threw out some good numbers but nowhere near 300Mb/s which is understandable to a certain extent.
The ASUS USB-N53 comes bundled with an adjustable USB cable that allows you to position the adapter for a better wireless connection. You can also use the USB-N53 as a soft Access Point to share an internet connection (think cheap portable router for students). If you are eager to find out more jump on in and see if the USB-N53 is right for you.
The ASUS USB-N53 is a dual-band USB adapter that provides flexible dual-band connection for lag free streaming and high performance networking. It also has a superior antenna design for extensive wireless coverage. With the bundled USB cable you can flexibly adjust the antenna to receive the strongest signal. A friendly user interface utility allows you to install and use the application easily, making the USB-N53 a fantastic adapter both at home and on the road.
Flexible Dual-band Connection
Wireless-N dual-band internet application for lag-free, high definition streaming.
Power Signal Transmission
Superior antenna design for extensive wireless coverage - an increase of more than 150%.
Enhanced Reception
With the USB cable accessory, you can position the antenna to receive the strongest signal.
ASUS USB-N53 Specifications
Source: asus.com
Will I get a 600Mpbs link between the two?
The first thing I would do is check for different drivers. What Router are you using and is it compatible with B, G or N for wireless networking?


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Mitsubishi UFJ Said to Seek Morgan Stanley's Trust BusinessShigeru Sato, Shingo Kawamoto and Michael J. Moore
Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group Inc., Japan's biggest bank by market value, is in talks to buy Morgan Stanley's trust business, according to three people with knowledge of the matter.
The unit provides trust services for $4 billion of client assets within Morgan Stanley's wealth-management division, said one of the people, who asked not to be identified while talks continue. UnionBanCal Corp., the Japanese bank's San Francisco-based unit that already offers trust services, plans to acquire the business, the people said. Nikkei newspaper reported the negotiations yesterday, and said the transaction is subject to U.S. regulatory approval.
Morgan Stanley Chief Executive Officer James Gorman, 54, visited Tokyo this month to meet with Mitsubishi UFJ, the New York-based firm's biggest shareholder and partner in two investment-banking joint ventures. Gorman has sold smaller units of the brokerage division, which has $1.79 trillion in client assets, as he seeks to cut costs and boost returns.
The people familiar with the discussions declined to say how much Mitsubishi UFJ may pay for the unit.
The business offers fiduciary and administrative services for wealthy clients who want to set up personal trusts. It's part of Morgan Stanley Private Bank N.A., led by Shelley O'Connor. The assets will continue to be managed by Morgan Stanley advisers, one of the people said.
Morgan Stanley currently offers its trust clients services from its own unit or from Comerica Inc., Royal Bank of Canada, or Advisory Trust Co. of Delaware, one of the people said.
Mika Watanabe, a Morgan Stanley spokeswoman in Tokyo, and Yuji Okumura, a spokesman for Mitsubishi UFJ, declined to comment. The Japanese bank owns a 22 percent stake in Morgan Stanley, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Brokerage Venture
Morgan Stanley owns 65 percent of its brokerage venture with Citigroup Inc. and plans to buy the rest this year. The brokerage is the bulk of Morgan Stanley's wealth-management division, which last quarter posted its highest pretax margin since the venture was formed in 2009.
The firm agreed last month to sell its wealth-management operations in the U.K., Italy and Dubai to Credit Suisse Group AG, divesting a unit with $13 billion in client assets. Morgan Stanley agreed in February to sell its European stock plan services business to Abbotsford, Australia-based Computershare Ltd. for $48.5 million.
Share Rally
Shares of Mitsubishi UFJ, led by President Nobuyuki Hirano, 61, have gained about 85 percent since mid-November, when an election campaign began that ushered Prime Minister Shinzo Abe into office on a pledge to stoke inflation. The benchmark Nikkei 225 Stock Average has advanced 57 percent in that period. Japan's exchanges are closed today.
Mitsubishi UFJ has stepped up acquisitions in the U.S., buying UnionBanCal in 2008 and Santa Barbara, California-based Pacific Capital Bancorp last year as persistent deflation inhibits loan demand at home.
Other recent deals include its December purchase of Bank of America Corp.'s stake in their private banking venture in Japan. Mitsubishi UFJ's trust banking unit also agreed to buy a 15 percent stake in AMP Ltd.'s Australian asset-management business in December 2011, after acquiring project financing assets from Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc a month earlier.
The Japanese bank has been deepening its ties with Morgan Stanley since investing $9 billion in the firm in October 2008 as the U.S. company's stock price collapsed in the wake of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.'s bankruptcy.
The companies in 2010 set up two Japan investment banking ventures. In April 2011, they reached a deal to convert most of Mitsubishi UFJ's preferred stock in Morgan Stanley, paving the way to eliminate annual dividend payments of $784 million and making the Japanese lender the biggest common shareholder in the U.S. investment bank.


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A teenager who admitted throwing fireworks into a popular Auckland forest, causing thousands of dollars damage, said he was just trying to look "cool" in front of his mates.
Police have been hunting the people responsible for setting three separate fires at Woodhill Forest on November 2.
The Herald understands the fires all started after fireworks were lit and left in the forest.
At the time about 40 members of a local 4x4 vehicle club were in the forest on a night drive. They spotted the fires and tried to put them out, but had to call in the Fire Service.
Three areas containing a mixture of young and mature pines were destroyed and the damage bill is likely to run into the thousands. A number of used fireworks were found near the burned areas.
Police were still working with the park owners to ascertain the cost of the damage.
A 17-year-old from the Helensville area was spoken to by police last week and admitted he was responsible for the fire.
The Herald cannot name him for legal reasons. It is understood that although members of his family are known to police, the youth has no criminal history.
When interviewed by police the 17-year-old admitted lighting the fireworks and throwing them out of the window of a moving vehicle into the forest.
He conceded it was foolish and said he was trying to act cool in front of his friends, who at the time were telling him that his actions were stupid.
His mother is said to be upset and apologetic over his behaviour. The youth also told police he was remorseful and had offered to go and work in the forest to clean up the mess he had made.
Detective Nick Poland of Helensville said a decision on whether the youth will be charged had not been made.
The current maximum penalty for arson in New Zealand is 14 years.
But the youth's age and the absence of previous offending meant police could consider a pre-charge warning or diversion instead of a prosecution.
Mr Poland said the youth's level of remorse and his genuine offer to work in the forest clearing damage and replant what he had destroyed was rare.
The fact that there were people in the forest at the time of the fires and they were put at risk was a concern and would also be taken into consideration by police.


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In Applications Performance Equals Response Time, not Resource Utilization, we took the position that while for the majority of the applications deployed on physical hardware the general practice was to infer their performance by looking at normal vs. abnormal resource utilization statistics, once you virtualize an application, it becomes necessary to directly measure its response time in order to ensure adequate service to business constituents and end users.
Articles Tagged with Quest Foglight
Performance Monitoring for IT as a Service
In "IT as a Service Reference Architecture", we presented a a categorization of the the functionality and the products that are needed in order to construct an IT as a Service system. Purposely missing from this architecture was the question of how to monitor the performance of the services delivered from the service catalog via the underlying policies and automation in the IT as a Service stack.
Applications Performance Management on VMware vSphere
It is now very clear the VMware vSphere 4.0 and 4.1 have demonstrated the robustness and performance necessary in order for them to be trusted virtualization platforms for many business critical applications. It is also very clear that many organizations are well down the road toward putting business critical applications on vSphere. We may not yet be at the point where the most response time critical applications (like online trading) are on vSphere, but we are certainly at the point where line of business applications like SAP and enterprise resident CRM applications are being virtualized.
Applications Performance Management Vendors – Cross Platform Support
2010 will be the year that many enterprises confront two very important changes to how they will use server virtualization. The first change is that as VMware vSphere has proven its maturity, performance and scalability enterprises will increasingly put business critical tier applications, at least in part on virtualized platforms. The second change is that at the same time, these very same enterprises will start to evaluate virtualization platforms from other vendors, in particular Hyper-V from Microsoft.


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For questions and inquiries, contact email@example.com
I want parents and their kids with a chronic illness to know that everything's okay. I hope my book will inspire others coping with and surviving cancer to live a full, joyous...Read More
My hope is that I can provide courage and inspiration to those who are going through what I went through as a child, whether it's a child battling a disease or a parent trying...Read More
Sometimes I look at my childhood as a dream and don't believe that it was really me who went through all that I did. Writing this book as an adult has allowed me to reflect on...Read More
For questions and inquiries, contact firstname.lastname@example.com
"It is my job to make sure I am happy, accepting who I am, who I have become, and where I am going."
~ Alesia Shute
Pediatric Surgeon
[Everything's Okay] brings to bear, in a sensitive and compelling way, what we, as doctors, always need to understand and provide in regard to loving and sensitive support for our patients who are experiencing, and trying to deal with, pain, fear, apprehension, and the need for comfort, reassurance, and the type of confidence that can arise from trust and understanding.


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"Random violence and rampant crime" : research among the 'Raskols'
Watson, Amanda H. A. (2008) "Random violence and rampant crime" : research among the 'Raskols'. In Ignite08: 2008 Creative Industries Postgraduate Research Conference, 1-3 October 2008, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. (Unpublished)
|Author's Version (PDF 55kB)
The capital city of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, has for many years ranked as the worst city in the world on the Economist Intelligence Unit's liveability rankings. Violent crime and tribal fights throughout Papua New Guinea are reported in the Australian media, along with stories about corruption. Is it little wonder then that an Australian university would have reservations about allowing a young, single, white, female student to travel to the country alone to conduct her field research?
This paper outlines the numerous concerns that have been raised by QUT regarding the author's proposed field research expeditions to Papua New Guinea. It sympathises with the university's well-intentioned concerns, while realising that these concerns could restrain the proposed research. The paper provides a considered, thoughtful response.
The paper outlines responses contained in the author's risk assessment documentation. The conference presentation will include images and will draw upon the author's experiences during three years living and working in Papua New Guinea. Information about Papua New Guinea's diverse cultures, languages, landscapes and lifestyles will be shared. The paper will suggest common sense precautions and simple strategies that could be employed in an unfamiliar setting. These approaches will inform and aid the research process. The author's intended strategies may offer some insights for any researcher intending to travel off the beaten path.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
Full-text downloads:
Full-text downloads displays the total number of times this work's files (e.g., a PDF) have been downloaded from QUT ePrints as well as the number of downloads in the previous 365 days. The count includes downloads for all files if a work has more than one.
|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Conference Paper
|Additional URLs:
|health and safety, Papua New Guinea, research planning, field research, research methods, risk management, risk assessment
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > STUDIES IN CREATIVE ARTS AND WRITING (190000) > JOURNALISM AND PROFESSIONAL WRITING (190300)
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > STUDIES IN CREATIVE ARTS AND WRITING (190000) > JOURNALISM AND PROFESSIONAL WRITING (190300)
|Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Creative Industries Faculty
|Copyright Owner:
|Copyright 2008 Amanda H. Watson
|Deposited On:
|07 Oct 2008 00:00
|Last Modified:
|06 Feb 2012 06:46
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The memory benefits of distraction
Taking attention away from the task at hand helps some patients with memory problems remember
By Bethany Brookshire, 17:00 PM November 26, 2013
Most people take it as a given that distraction is bad for — oh, hey, a squirrel!
Where was I?
… Right. Most people take it as a given that distraction is bad for memory. And most of the time, it is. But under certain conditions, the right kind of distraction might actually help you remember.
Nathan Cashdollar of University College London and colleagues were looking at the effects of distraction on memory in memory-impaired patients. They were specifically looking at distractions that were total...
Source URL: https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/scicurious/memory-benefits-distraction


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It's the end of the year, and time to look back at all the predictions I made in January 2010. Were they all right, or were they almost all right? In cases where I was wrong, is my guess not somehow more true than the truth itself?
Should the nations of the world bow down before my powers of prophecy, or should I merely get an eight-digit check and a mansion in every known biome? Only the rest of this column can tell.
I predicted: "Apple will release a tablet computer and it will be a huge flop, on the scale of a Newton running Microsoft Bob."
What happened: Apple released the iPad, which has sold more than 10 million units. However, I suspect that most people who bought an iPad aren't actually using it, for the same reason I'm not: My girlfriend immediately hijacked it to play Civilization Revolution and Pocket Frogs in bed, and she says I can have one of the second-generation iPads when they come out, unless those are better, in which case I get mine back. Given that in the late '90s, I was able to use my Newton for six months before giving up and buying a Palm III, I call this prediction essentially correct.
I predicted: "A prominent vlogger will be arrested in Denmark after releasing secret videos of top government officials attending a combination Black Mass and rainbow party. He will break out of jail using his newly discovered power of gravitation control."
What happened: This is pretty obviously a reference to the WikiLeaks saga with a few minor details slightly not completely right. The gravitation-control thing remains to be seen, but I wouldn't rule it out. This is as correct as could be expected given that I kind of had this sinus thing going when I wrote it.
I predicted: "The Republican party will take back control of the White House."
What happened: Look, I meant "House of Representatives." Obviously I meant "House of Representatives" — it was a typo. All that stuff about a tea party militia and the Obamas fleeing to Newfoundland to seek asylum from Premier Kathy Dunderdale was a typo as well. Also "Newfoundland" is properly called "Newfoundland and Labrador," which sounds like the title of a furry webcomic. The point here is that typos and poor editing aside [Editor's note: Screw you, Lore], I was completely right.
I predicted: "There will be no oil spills this year. If there is one, it will be minor. If there's a major spill after all, it'll be off India or Japan or something, not near the United States. If, for some reason, there's a major spill in U.S. waters, Kevin Costner will have no ideas about how to contain it. And if Costner does come up with some sort of oil-cleanup plan or device, he will not do so two weeks after getting a sex change."
What happened: Kevin Costner is still a man. I nailed this one.
I predicted: "This is the year that Facebook will finally join Orkut and Friendster on the pile of failed social sites, freeing us from FarmVille updates, unwanted friend requests and embarrassing photographs."
What happened: I may have been off by a few weeks, but clearly Facebook is on the way down. Soon I'll be able to have conversations with my friends without having to deal with their wide-eyed huffiness over the fact that I haven't been following their every bleat. It's almost over, I swear. Just … just give me this one, OK? I need to believe.
– – –
Born helpless, nude and unable to provide for himself, Lore Sjoberg eventually overcame these handicaps to become a futurist, a futilitarian and a futon.
See Also:
- Alt Text: The Best New Webcomics of 2010
- Breasts, Violas and Tulips: Alt Predictions for 2008
- Alt Predictions for 2007


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Weekend Planner
Happy Friday everyone! Things are getting a bit more active around our area.
The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park is host to the Blackwater Music Festival through Saturday. If you like reggae, you'll likely enjoy the festival which features over 30 bands, along with camping near the Suwannee River. Stephen Marley, Steel Pulse, The Expendables and Slightly Stoopid are some of the acts performing at the event. Single day tickets to the festival are 65 dollars. The Spirit of the Suwannee is north of Live Oak on US Highway 129 between I-10 and I-75. Website
In Alachua County, the Tioga Town Fair is Saturday. The family friendly event features bounce houses, slides, a rock climbing wall, petting zoo and more. Carnival games and food are part of the fun, as well. The cost is 15 dollars for children 3 and up. It's free for adults and kids under age 3. The Tioga Town Fair benefits the Sebastian Ferrero Foundation which advocates and raises funds to advance pediatric health care. The event runs from 4 to 8 pm Saturday at Tioga Town Center located west of Gainesville on Newberry Road. Website
In Gainesville, the University of Florida is holding the first ever "Rally in the Swamp" on Sunday. The idea behind the student pep rally is to welcome students back to campus and to get them fired up about the start to the upcoming football season. The gates to the east side of Ben Hill Griffin stadium open at 7 pm when students can win prizes, with the first 3,000 receiving free pizza. The event starts at 8 and will feature the Florida cheerleaders, Albert and Alberta, coach Will Muschamp and members of the football team. Website
Finally, also on the UF campus, you can catch the soccer team in action twice this weekend. The Gators take on Miami tonight at 7. They face off against USF Sunday at 1 pm at James G. Pressly Stadium. Website
Enjoy your weekend!


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May 15, 2013
Volunteers Margo McFadden, from left, Debbie Born and Jean Clougherty work at Laurel Street Preschool on Wednesday as part of Routt County United Way's Day of Caring.
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