text:
Father's Day is just around the corner, which means it's time to thank your dad for all his hard work over the years. Embarrassing, cheerful, strict or contemplative; whatever type of dad he is, we doubt he needs any more socks, shirt and ties.
After comparing notes and childhood photos, the team at Dezeen Watch Store came up with seven types of dad that you could be buying gifts for, and have recommended the ideal watch for each type to ensure you get something he won't have forgotten this time next year, no matter how bad his memory is.
Gets up hours before everyone else to iron his pocket square and read the morning's financial papers. Always finishes work late, but still musters up the energy to ask enthusiastic questions about your day. Insists that you should wear more sensible clothes, all the time. Hasn't worn a pair of jeans in 20 years.
Type of watch that suits him: one with a classic, refined design and a history behind it. Ideally a pocket watch.
An advocate of the simple life. Often says your generation spends more time on social networks than actually socialising, and he's probably right. Is unsure if he has a Twitter account and refuses to throw away the VCR 'just in case'. Thinks GIF is what you use to clean bathrooms.
Type of watch that suits him: something simple and reliable with a numbered face and no inessential features.
He was always the oldest dad among your friendship group, but still gave it a good go at sports day. Asks you to read out the menu when you go for lunch, as he often leaves his reading glasses at home. Likes things done the old fashioned way.
Type of watch that suits him: one with an easy-to-read face and a classic leather strap.
Kind, considerate and prefers the carrot to the stick. Often seen locked in long chats with neighbours and has acted as your personal chauffeur more times than you care to remember. He's upstaged you with better Christmas gifts four years running.
Type of watch that suits him: a wristwatch with a soft and flexible strap that's easier on the skin; graceful rather than garish.
A flamboyant dresser with an impressive collection of floral shirts and an endless drawer of conversation topics. Loves technology and seems to have a new gadget every week. Sings in public and is considered a hero by your girlfriends. His smartphone makes yours look like an antique.
Type of watch that suits him: a conversation piece that tells the time in a new and unique way.
Always a perfectionist and often pedantic, he loves the little details in everything. Knows far too much about trains and has more history books than your school did. A great help with your homework when you were young, but now he corrects the grammar in your Facebook posts.
Type of watch that suits him: something with a complex mechanism inside or unique movement. Possibly something Swiss and, if you're feeling flush, a tourbillon.
A self-described 'man of the outdoors', he feels more at home next to a camp fire than the living room radiator. Always buys too much meat for the BBQ and insists that it shouldn't go on the grill until the embers have nearly disappeared. Seems to know the names of every species of bird and could pitch a tent with his eyes closed. Loves rambling, OS maps and using the stars to navigate.
Type of watch that suits him: one that's rugged and hardwearing, preferably with a military strap.
To ensure delivery before Father's Day, please make sure you place your orders before the following dates:
►UK orders by Wednesday 11 June
►EU, USA and Canada orders by Tuesday 10 June
►Rest of the world orders by Sunday 8 June
Don't forget, we're also including free worldwide shipping on all orders over £60!
Click here to see more at Dezeen Watch Store
Illustration by Sam Brewster


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The helpful staff at UNIQUE CREATIONS PLUS can help you have the tasteful Leming wedding you want, with cute Props and more available to choose from.
Signature Ice Sculptures
Party planners throughout Leming often need elegant Ice Sculptures and other decorations for their special events, which happens to be the specialty of Signature Ice Sculptures.
Unforgettable Florist
If you're looking for amazing Fabrics and other tasteful wedding and party decor, consider checking out Unforgettable Florist for their low prices and friendly, helpful service.
Glamorous Gatherings
Don't waste time anywhere else—go to Glamorous Gatherings for all the Centerpieces you need. Make your wedding, party or event extra special.
The very best in party and event planning supplies in Leming can be found at EZ 2 JUMP PARTY SUPPLY, such as various Confetti and other decorations to choose from.
DeLux Events Services
Leming party planners don't go anywhere but DeLux Events Services for great Ribbons / Bows and other beautiful party supplies at prices that can't be beat.
Vision Lounge
Let me tell you something about Vision Lounge: its decoration stores have the most amazing Theme Design in the entire world! Go there!
Wedding bells are ringing, and I'm singing—check out the LIZS EVENTS decoration store for all your wedding Balloon Decorations necessities.
Bisli Event Services
You'd have to be crazy not to go to Bisli Event Services in Leming if you're looking for excellent Candles and even better service for all your party decorating needs.
Love 4 Cakes
It's NUTS how awesome the Love 4 Cakes decoration store is - I found all types of Specialty Lighting that were perfect for my party!
DKandYOU EVENT COORDINATORS AND PLA...
With the supplies Fabrics and decorations from DKandYOU EVENT COORDINATORS AND PLANNERS in Leming, your party will look even better than Truman Capote's Black and White Ball.
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You've got to check out one of My Cinderella Creations's decoration stores if you're looking for Arches for that birthday party you're planning.
When needing some high quality Confetti and more at low prices, visit BALLOONATIKS in Leming for your complete wedding, party and event supplies.
Bubbles n Bows Balloonery
If you need beautiful Theme Design to adorn your wedding or next party in Leming, the experts at Bubbles n Bows Balloonery have got everything you need to make things look great.
ARTISTRY Flower Company
I wouldn't hesitate to shop at ARTISTRY Flower Company again for Theme Design. ARTISTRY Flower Company had a great selection, amazing prices and an absolutely wonderful staff.
dean bell events
Come check out one of dean bell events's decoration stores if you're looking for Balloon Decorations for that retirement party you're planning.
Jaramillo Rentals
If you are planning a wedding on your own then the Jaramillo Rentals decoration store is a great place to find everything, including Arches.
Photogenix Images
Your friends are not kidding when they say you can throw the Leming area wedding that you want, with Photogenix Images providing gorgeous Candles and more at reasonable prices.
Hire The Best
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For my: Birthday (Children)
Taking place on: August 02
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If you're looking for a first-class decoration store in Leming, look no further than Seneca Ballroom for getting your Arches.
Carmelinas Creations
If you're planning your wedding, fall in love with Carmelinas Creations. You'll cherish us for our spectacular Fabrics and wide inventory.

subset: commoncrawl


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Singh Answers Sought as Worst Power Crisis May Hurt Growth
Keeping the lights on has emerged as Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's most immediate challenge.
The economy growing at its slowest pace in nearly a decade, the prospect of a drought, and having his government battered by 18 months of policy reversals and corruption allegations were bad enough. Two power-grid collapses in 36 hours have left 600 million people sweating through a failing monsoon, heaping more pressure on a prime minister whose legacy as an economic manager is coming under increasing scrutiny.
"This looks even worse than it would normally because there's an impression that India's economy is falling apart right now," said Surjit Singh Bhalla, chairman of New Delhi-based Oxus Fund Management, of this week's power network failures. "In any normal time, people may say that accidents happen. Right now everyone is looking at Singh to see what, if anything, he is going to do to fix the problem."
India is in the throes of its worst ever power crisis after two days of blackouts that highlighted poor infrastructure and lack of investment in its generating and transmission sectors. Half of the country's 1.2 billion people were left without any electricity for more than five hours yesterday, halting transport networks and forcing businesses and emergency services to rely on generators.
Investment Plan
Power had been fully restored in New Delhi and across India's northeastern grid as of 5:30 a.m. local time today, while 95 percent the northern and eastern grids were operating, according to an e-mailed statement from Power Grid Corp. (PWGR) of India Ltd.
India has missed every annual target to add electricity production capacity since 1951, resulting in a peak demand deficit of nearly 10 percent. Singh is seeking to secure $400 billion of investment in the power industry in the next five years as he targets an additional 76,000 megawatts in generation by 2017.
The disruptions weren't sufficient to stop a rally in stocks, as the BSE India Sensitive Index, or Sensex (SENSEX), advanced for a third session yesterday. It was little changed today as of 12:38 p.m. in Mumbai. The rupee, which has lost 20 percent in the last year, strengthened, snapping two days of declines to climb 0.3 percent to 55.50 per dollar.
As engineers yesterday worked to reconnect nearly two dozen states to the national grid, the man who began the day as power minister, Sushil Kumar Shinde, ended it in charge of the home ministry, the cabinet's third-most prominent position, after a reshuffle of Singh's team of ministers.
Singh tacked the power portfolio on to the duties of Minister for Corporate Affairs Veerappa Moily, a move a former regulator said smacked of an inadequate government response to the crisis.
"Heads should be rolling, but instead the power minister is going to be made home minister," said S.L. Rao, former Chairman of the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission, who was in charge of overseeing the industry from 1998 to 2001.
The government, which has said the outages may have been triggered by states exceeding the amount of power they are allowed to draw from the national grid, announced that it has tasked a committee with investigating events leading up to the shutdown.
Trains Halted
India's northern electricity grid collapsed for a second time at about 1:15 p.m. yesterday, knocking out the networks in the country's east and northeast. These states together account for about 40 percent of India's total electricity generating capacity, according to the Central Electricity Authority.
Commuter trains in the capital stopped running yesterday, forcing the operator, Delhi Metro Rail Corp., to evacuate passengers. NTPC Ltd. (NTPC), the biggest generator, shut down 36 percent of its capacity as a precaution, Chairman Arup Roy Choudhury said by telephone. More than 100 inter-city trains were stranded, Northern Railway spokesman Neeraj Sharma said, as the blackout engulfed states in the north and east.
Among those affected by the outage was 62-year-old Pramitha Devi, who was bidding to take the metro toward Ram Manohar Lohia hospital in New Delhi after her home dialysis machine was damaged by electricity fluctuations. A doctor who identified himself as R.C. Bhargava said the hospital's generators had not been fully refueled since the July 30 grid collapse, leaving them with about two hours of electricity for the intensive care unit. "We have to make plans to shift critical patients to other hospitals," said Bhargava.
'Highly Embarrassing'
Beset by political challenges, the blackouts are the latest problem to torment Singh's government. Tussles over policy making with allies in the ruling coalition, corruption allegations and defeats in regional elections have weakened the administration since late 2010.
"It's highly embarrassing in that it again shows we can't provide basic services to our citizens," said Mohan Guruswamy, chairman of the Centre for Policy Alternatives in New Delhi and a former finance ministry adviser. "It tells you a lot about the quality of management and their focus on maintenance."
Proposals to allow foreign retailers to open supermarkets and lift overseas investment caps on the pensions and insurance sectors are among the policy initiatives of Singh's second term to be rejected by opposition groups and coalition allies. By contrast, Singh as finance minister 20 years ago attacked regulatory burdens that held back private companies.
Power cuts are common across swathes of India as the country battles an average 9 percent shortfall in meeting peak power demand that the government says shaves about 1.2 percentage points off annual economic growth.
RBI on Hold
Improving infrastructure, which the World Economic Forum says is a major obstacle to doing business in India, is among the toughest challenges facing Singh as he bids to revive expansion in Asia's third-largest economy that slid to a nine-year low of 5.3 percent in the first quarter.
The Reserve Bank of India, which has blamed infrastructure bottlenecks among others for contributing to the nation's price pressures, yesterday refrained from cutting interest rates.
Indian consumer-price inflation was 10.02 percent in June, the fastest among the Group of 20 major economies, while the benchmark wholesale-price measure is more than 7 percent.
The last time the northern grid collapsed was in 2001, leaving homes and businesses without electricity for 12 hours. The Confederation of Indian Industry, the country's largest association of companies, estimated that blackout cost companies $107.5 million.
To contact the reporters on this story: Andrew MacAskill in New Delhi at firstname.lastname@example.com; Kartikay Mehrotra in New Delhi at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Peter Hirschberg at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Welcome to Ardscull Farmhouse Bed & Breakfast
Anne and Noel invite you to their farmhouse at this prestigious location on the R418 (formerly the N78) in South Kildare, only a 1 hour drive from Dublin. We are located within walking distance of the 2003 award winning Wild Flower Park, giving you an opportunity to relax in the tranquility of the Park and Picnic Area. The park contains many beautiful mature trees with their proverbial "forty shades of green", the 11th. Century historic Moat of Ardscull and a monument to the 1903 Gordon Bennett Motor Rally. The area also won the National Tidy Towns 2005 Wildlife Award.
Arrive exhausted - Leave enchanted
Attractions Near Ardscull B&B
- - Japanese Gardens
- - River Barrow
- - Cill Dara, Bodenstown
- - Curragh Race Course
- - National Stud
Contact Details
Phone / Fax 00353 (0)59 8626188
E-mail email@example.com
Address: Ardscull, Athy, Co. Kildare,
Contact Us Online - Click Here >>
Find us in Kildare
Take the N7 exit from the M50 for Naas
travelling south. Continue on to the M7
motorway. Exit to the M9.
Take the Kilmead (R418) exit.Turn right on the
R418 and head towards Athy. We are located
on the left hand side approx. 5km before Athy,
opposite Talbot Furniture and Moat of Ardscull
Visit our Contact Us Page for complete instructions >>
|Ardscull Farm B&B Farm is wheelchair friendly with all rooms on the ground level.
|Ardscull Farm B&B Farm is pet friendly with facilities catering to guest animals.
we accept credit cards
Book Online Now
Guest Comments:
"Cleanest place we've seen in Ireland. Combined both great food and family style treatment. This place has the best of both home and hotel" -- Silvio Ferrett, Italy


text:
e layer?
- (noun) a region of the ionosphere (from 50 to 90 miles up) that reflects radio waves of medium length
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text:
Gucci Galore – Here is yet another look at the November issue of Vogue Spain guest edited by Natasha Poly and also featuring the Russian beauty in multiple stories by some of the industry's top photographers. Taking on the Gucci autumn 2011 collection, Mariano Vivanco captures Natasha in the city of Venice with ultra-glam looks styled by fashion editor Sara Fernandez. Whether overlooking the water or enjoying an espresso, Natasha wows with her timeless appeal.
Check out more coverage of Natasha's Vogue Spain features on Vogue.es


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BAMATTRE-MANOUKIAN, Acting P.J.
After a jury trial, defendant was found guilty of three felony counts of robbery in the second degree (Pen. Code, §§ 211, 212.5, subd. (c)).
Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal, and we appointed counsel to represent him in this court. Appointed counsel has filed an opening brief that states the case and facts but raises no issue. We notified defendant of his right to submit written argument on his own behalf within 30 days. The 30-day period has elapsed and we have received no response from defendant.
Pursuant to People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 and People v. Kelly (2006) 40 Cal.4th 106, we have reviewed the entire record. Following the California Supreme Court's direction in People v. Kelly, supra, 40 Cal.4th at page 110, we provide "a brief description of the . . . procedural history of the case, the crimes of which the defendant was convicted, and the punishment imposed."
Factual Background
Our summary of the facts is taken from the reporter's transcript of the jury trial.
The first robbery took place on August 30, 2008. After meeting a couple of friends at a restaurant in the Santana Row shopping center, Mahssa Jahandary left the restaurant at about 10:30 or 11:00 p.m. As Jahandary and a friend were walking towards her car, defendant walked up to her, held a shiny black pistol to her face and said, "`Give me your purse.'" Jahandary was very frightened. When she did not immediately respond, defendant repeated his demand for her purse, then grabbed it and ran away. As a result of the robbery, Jahandary lost $200 in cash. Her cell phone was later returned by the police. When asked about defendant's gun, Jahandary stated that she was familiar with both BB pellets and bullets and she had no doubt that the gun barrel was big enough for a bullet.
The second robbery occurred on the evening of August 31, 2008, also at the Santana Row shopping center. After having drinks and hors d'oeuvres with friends at a restaurant, Mary McCormick left at about 9:15 p.m. to go to her car in a shopping center parking lot. She was carrying her purse and some leftovers while talking on her cell phone. As she approached her car, defendant came towards her, pointed a semiautomatic gun at her head, and said, "`Give it up, give it up'." McCormick was afraid of being killed. She screamed, "`Take it,'" and threw her purse and her cell phone a couple of feet away. Defendant grabbed her purse, which contained her Social Security card and credit cards, and also grabbed her cell phone. McCormick later recovered her Social Security card and one credit card after someone found them stashed in a bush near Hostetter Road.
The third robbery occurred on September 23, 2008, at about 10:30 p.m. when Nkiruka Nifeoma Onyedika was returning to her home in San Jose after an appointment in San Francisco. As Onyedika walked alone from the light rail stop to her apartment, while carrying her purse, cell phone, and laptop computer, she saw defendant get out of a white Honda Accord and come towards her. Defendant then attempted to grab her purse. Onyedika resisted for one or two minutes until defendant pulled out a shiny black gun. When Onyedika stopped resisting, defendant put the gun away. However, Onyedika refused to give up her purse and defendant shoved her to the ground. While Onyedika was lying face up on the ground, she fought with defendant by hitting him with her laptop. Defendant pulled the gun out again and Onyedika let him take her purse, which contained $20 in cash, her Social Security card, and her credit cards. After obtaining the purse, defendant ran to the passenger side of the Honda Accord, which sped off.
As Onyedika was lying on the ground, she was able to memorize the Honda Accord's license plate number, which she reported to the San Jose police officer, Sergeant Anthony Weir, who was called to the scene. Sergeant Weir obtained the name of the registered owner of the Honda Accord by running the license plate number in the computer in his patrol vehicle. Sergeant Weir then showed Onyedika a photograph of the registered owner from the computer's photo system. Onyedika identified the man in the photograph as defendant, the man who had robbed her.
During the ensuing police investigation of the robberies, Detective David Woolsey of the San Jose Police Department viewed a surveillance video of the Santana Row parking lot where the robbery of Mary McCormick occurred. At the date and time of the robbery, the video showed a Honda-style car speeding out of the parking lot. Detective Toshi Hata of the San Jose Police Department searched defendant's silver Honda Civic after defendant's arrest on September 25, 2008. Detective Hata recovered Onyedika's credit cards, Social Security card, and driver's license from the driver-side door compartment. In the trunk, Detective Hata found McCormick's cell phone. When defendant was arrested, Jahandary's cell phone was found on his person. However, the gun used in the robberies was never recovered.
Procedural Background
On September 30, 2008, a felony complaint was filed that charged defendant with three felony counts: (1) robbery in the second degree (§§ 211, 212.5, subd. (c); count 1) on August 30, 2008, involving alleged victim Mahssa Jahandary; (2) robbery in the second degree (§§ 211, 212.5, subd. (c); count 2) on August 31, 2008, involving alleged victim Mary McCormick; and (3) robbery in the second degree (§§ 211, 212.5, subd. (c); count 3) on September 23, 2008, involving alleged victim Nkiruka Onyedika. As to each count, the complaint included the allegation that defendant had personally used a firearm in the commission of the offense. (§ 12022.53, subd. (b)).
After a preliminary hearing held on February 23, 2009, defendant was held to answer on all counts. The information was filed on March 5, 2009. On April 8, 2009, the trial court heard and denied defendant's Marsden motion. (People v. Marsden (1970) 2 Cal.3d 118.)
The matter proceeded to a three-day trial on December 1, 2009. All three robbery victims, including Mahssa Jahandary, Mary McCormick and Nkiruka Onyedika, testified at trial, as did San Jose Police Officers David Woolsey, Toshi Hata and Anthony Weir. Defendant presented a firearms expert, senior forensic scientist Kenton S. Wong, who testified that many BB guns are "startlingly realistic in their detail and the look of real firearms," such that even law enforcement officers may have difficulty distinguishing a BB gun from a real gun when the guns are seen at a distance.
On December 8, 2009, the jury foreperson advised the trial court that the jurors had reached an impasse on the allegations that defendant had used a firearm in the commission of each robbery. The trial court suggested that the jurors try alternative methods of deliberation. After further deliberations took place, the jury foreperson informed the trial court on December 8, 2009, that the jurors were deadlocked on the firearm allegations and additional deliberations would not resolve the issue. The jury then returned their verdicts of guilty on all three robbery counts. Subsequently, on February 25, 2010, the People requested dismissal of the firearm allegations.
Sentencing took place on April 28, 2010. The trial court imposed the middle term of three years on count 1 (§ 213, subd. (a)(1)(B)(2)) and consecutive sentences of one year (one-third the middle term) on counts 2 and 3, for a total term of five years. The court also awarded a total of 668 days of presentence custody credit, including 581 actual days and 87 days pursuant to section 2933.1. Defendant was ordered to pay victim restitution (§ 1202.4, subd. (f)) of $398 to Mahssa Jahandary and a restitution fine (§1202.4) of $3,000. The court also imposed and suspended a $3,000 parole revocation restitution fine (§ 1202.45). Additionally, the court ordered defendant to pay a court security fee of $90 (§ 1465.8, subd.(a)(1)), a criminal conviction assessment fee of $90 (Gov. Code, § 70373), a criminal justice administration fee of $129.75 payable to the City of San Jose (Gov. Code, § 29550), and a $10 fine pursuant to section 1202.5. The trial court dismissed the firearm allegations (§12022.53, subd. (b)).
Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal on May 12, 2010. Having carefully reviewed the entire record, we conclude that there are no arguable issues on appeal. (People v. Wende, supra, 25 Cal.3d at pp. 441-443.)
The judgment is affirmed.


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Hi all,
I wondered if anybody could point me to a wave rigging tutorial in 3ds max. I've been looking for 3 days.
Chris Harvey give some excellent information on this thread
I downloaded his max file.
It uses splines that use a morpher modifier, editable polys as control objects and a skin wrap modifier on the sea plane.
Its a bit beyond my level and I can't figure out how it all fits together, so if anybody knows of any online tutorials that explains this that would be great
many thanks


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Analyst Says 3DS Games Need to Drop to $25 or Less
Posted on Monday, August 8 @ 15:02:12 PST by Josh_LaddinEveryone's aware by now of the huge, unprecedented 3DS price drop. But one industry analyst believes that's only half the battle for Nintendo, that getting back in the driver's seat for the new handheld is going to be a two-front war won with both hardware and software price cuts.
Which reminds me, why for fuck's sake have they not announced this game outside of Japan yet?
I would be shocked if first-party games dropped to $25 or below, although the article does make a point that Nintendo is prodding third-parties to cut prices. If a general price cut on new 3DS games does actually happen, I wouldn't expect it to go below $30, which seems fair to me for a high-profile 3DS title. What do you all think?
Far Cry 5
Far Cry 5 World trailer. (2:09)
Far Cry 5
Field video for Far Cry 5. (0:37)
Far Cry 5
Church trailer. (0:39)
The Walking Dead The Telltale Series: A New Frontier Read more at http://admin.gamerevolution.com/game/the-walking-dead-the-telltale-series-a-new-frontier#iMZMl0uEtFSRZuiC.99
Choices trailer. (2:19)
Superhot VR
Superhot VR trailer. (0:55)
|More On GameRevolution


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Pack less. Be more.
Home › Forums › Campfire › Pre-Trip Planning › Utah, New Mexico, or Texas backpacking in late March
@ezabielskiLocale: Boulder, CO
I was wondering if anyone could recommend an area in one of these states for a 5-6 day trip at the end of March that has,
1) pretty warm nights (25-30 degrees),
2) a fair about of water availability and
3) bigger than life experience.
We were considering areas like Canyonlands NP, Arches NP, Bryce NP, Grand Gulch, Guadalupe NP, or Zion NP, but it's hard to tell which one offer what we want at this time of year.
@cameronLocale: Idaho Falls
Have you considered the Gila? Definitely a wild place. Check with Eugene Smith about specifics. I have not been there in the spring but I was there in October and loved it. Not to cold even that late in the year. Check into whether or not the rivers are fordable and if there is snow higher up.
Not Texas. Probably Grand Gulch or Zion area.
@neotechktc-com-2Locale: Texas Hill Country
Gotta pack water in Texas parks. No fires in Texas. But much warmer. Gila – the water is low! The rangers in gila didn't know crap about the trails…
You must be logged in to reply to this topic.


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|28th May 2011, 05:48 PM
diyAudio Member
Sorry. I hope I didn't open too many new cans of worms, for you. Just trying to help. As with many things, sometimes they're significant-enough to worry about and sometimes they're not. If I'm doing a new design and the effort or expense would be about the same either way, I try to preclude those types of potential problems as a matter of habit ("best practices", and all that). But now that it would involve making changes, it's a matter of your own tests and measurements, and judgement, or maybe whether or not problems (or even anything noticeable at all) occur in the actual hardware.
|29th May 2011, 12:08 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Dec 2009
Location: Bernardsville, NJ
I did not know all of the items you mentioned. Thanks for sharing. I will use this in my future designs.
|13th June 2011, 03:08 AM
diyAudio Member
An improved board, still 2.5" x 3.8":
Separate regulators completely separate the analog (LDR) power supply from the digital power supply. Separate analog and digital grounds meet only at the power input electrolytic capacitor C1, and the ground plane also is connected to power ground only at C1. Signal ground is completely isolated from power ground, and is a simple pass-through of source ground to output ground.
This circuit employs no digital signals outside the control chip -- no PWM and no rapidly switching levels whatsoever, all control is accomplished by analog voltage level. Control voltages to the mosfets will go high or low to reach proper level to drive the LDR accurately, but then change minimally, with only an occasional instantaneous 'bump' of the control voltage to the mosfets to keep voltage to the LDRs stable and accurate.
C16 is a .1uF chip ceramic connected directly across the power pins of IC3,and nests within the IC socket.
|23rd June 2011, 04:20 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jun 2011
hmmm a modern TB4 attenuator,
how do you implement this? how do you stabilize input impedance in what ever you hook this thing up to?
|3rd July 2011, 04:32 PM
diyAudio Member
Finally, the chip I've been waiting for -- it should be perfect for this application.
1. Small (14-pin), cheap and quite fast (32MHz).
2. Performs virtual multi-tasking in software.
3. Externally adjustable ADC Vref+.
This means that I can use a separate chip for each audio channel, and each chip controls only two LDR devices with each device's control occurring simultaneously (multi-tasked) in separate virtual tasks.
An externally settable Vref for the ADC pins will allow the chip's ADC steps to be compressed into just the voltage range required for the application, and there will be many fewer "wasted" steps outside of the required control range (200~250 more control steps into the useful range). This will permit finer control of current through the LEDs. The addition of external Vref low would have been nice, but not as important.
New approach is to design per-channel boards with a separate power supply providing power to multiple boards. First boards are 1" x 3.5"
|3rd July 2011, 08:11 PM
diyAudio Member
I'm too lazy to re-read the whole thread.
But what about the input and output impedances? Have you plotted the input and output impedances versus the volume setting?
What make and model of LDR device are you going to use? If I had their R vs I response curve and the current range you plan to use (or could use), I could simulate them and plot the impedances.
There is a way to use a couple more resistors to make the impedances stay a lot more constant as the volume changes. But I'm wondering if you'd want to consider having optional input and output buffers, possibly on a different board.
I was also thinking that you might want to leave some space and possibly have some pads in place in case you find out you want to have some additional low-pass RC filtering for the LDR diode feeders. But that can wait until you see if it's needed, I guess.
|3rd July 2011, 09:58 PM
diyAudio Member
I have calculated the series and shunt resistances at 1/2db intervals so that the overall system presents a constant 5K system Z from about .5db minimum attenuation to a maximum of 42db. At .5db attenuation it's 280 ohms series and 84K ohms shunt; at 42db it's 4960 ohms series and 40 ohms shunt. I could bring the range to 48db by paralleling two shunt LDR devices for total 20 ohm shunt impedance but that would require matching LDRs at 40 ohms. We could also get 48db of attenuation by allowing the system Z to rise to 10K over the upper one-third of the attenuation range. I can actually control LDR resistances well beyond 84K ohms, but at 150K the control becomes pretty loose due to the extremely small current involved. I plan to experiment a little to see if a resistor in parallel with the LDR to raise the minimum control current through the mosfet won't give the mosfet a better grip on the resistance at that end of the spectrum. I expect control to improve quite a lot with the "recovery" of about 200 steps of ADC using the external Vref+.
Model of LDR device:
All of my experimenting has been with the Silonex device used in the Lightspeed. I've looked at the Fairchild devices, but minimum impedance seems quite a bit higher so will stick with the Silonex for now.
Input/Output buffer:
If someone wants those, it'll be up to them to implement them. I am after an LDR control that uses sophisticated control techniques to yield a simple and totally clean fixed-Z attenuation device.
Low pass LC filtering on LDR diode feeders:
Not sure where you are talking about putting those. The control of the mosfets is effectively DC, with only an occasional tiny 'blip' visible on the most sensitive setting on my HP scope once the voltage on the gate of the mosfets has been servoed to the proper level.
I need to order some of the chips (brand new on the market) to verify, but the features I've been wanting are suddenly all there. This chip will either make the project move faster or, if it doesn't do the job, I'll give up on it.
Last edited by wapo54001; 3rd July 2011 at 10:07 PM.
|4th July 2011, 08:49 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jul 2004
Location: Scottish Borders
What is your "system Z"?
The attenuator has an input impedance that is seen by the Source as a Load.
The attenuator has an output impedance that is seen by the Receiver as a source impedance.
At -0.5dB the input impedance is 84k28 (84k + 280r)
and if Rs is 200r then the output impedance is 477r (84k//[280+Rs]).
@-40dB the input impedance is 5k (4k96 + 40r)
and the output impedance is 39r7 (40r//[4k96+Rs]).
Only one of these 4 limiting values gets to 5k. What are you trying to achieve?
regards Andrew T.
Sent from my desktop computer using a keyboard
Last edited by AndrewT; 4th July 2011 at 08:52 AM.
|4th July 2011, 10:23 PM
diyAudio Member
Andrew, of all the pieces of the puzzle I'm working with, the desired resistance values for the optimal control are the most difficult for me as I'm just getting started in calculating values for audio circuits. I haven't worried about it much because once I gain the kind of control I'm looking for and the practical aspects of controlling multiple LDRs simultaneously are dealt with, then it will be time to design the resistor values and that time hasn't come yet.
If you were king and could have anything you wanted, what would the resistance values of the optimal completely passive (no buffer) control look like given the constraints I list below? What would the input and output impedances look like? For planning the resistor values, I'd like to see resistor values at 1/2 db per step attenuation.
I can drive the LDRs to any value at any slope between values, and I can set the series and shunt LDRs completely independently of each other to any value within the 'doable' control range. The bottom of the range is 40 ohms for each LDR value, and (roughly speaking) anything up to 50K would be great, up to 100K doable, and up to 150K difficult.
Do you have a series of formulas I could plug into a spreadsheet? That would make my life easier, but I still need to find out what input and output impedances would be satisfactory for the greatest number of source/load situations.
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Latest Features
Lightning Can Start Syracuse Re-build at DraftSubmitted by timothy on June 25, 2015 - 14:30
One of the things we've seen repeatedly in the Yzerman-Murray drafts is the penchant to spend a pick or two on players with the potential to immediately impact the Syracuse Crunch. Twice Head Amateur Scout Al Murray has spent first round picks on older first-time draft-eligible players (Namestnikov and DeAngelo) that could be fast tracked to the AHL after just one additional junior season. With later round draftees Cedric Paquette and Henri Ikonen, Murray once again dipped into the 19-year-old pool, allowing Syracuse to benefit from them have quicker access to the professional development pipeline. We've also seen Murray draft three players that were basically draft-and-sign guys (Ondrej Palat, Kristers Gudlevskis, and Cameron Darcy) that were eligible to immediately slot into the AHL after being drafted. Gudlevskis (pictured) was drafted out of Europe, and while Darcy just wasn't quite ready last year, the expectation when he selected was that he'd transition immediately to Syracuse or ECHL Florida. In this article, I'll first highlight some of the one-and-done players from Pete Choquette's 2015 Bolt Prospects Draft Review, and I'll also throw out at least five players to keep your eye on in the later rounds as potential draft-and-sign guys that could help the Crunch this fall.
- Read more
- 1913 reads
2015 Bolt Prospects Draft PreviewSubmitted by pete on June 23, 2015 - 11:30
The Tampa Bay Lightning's 2015 season has come to a close in mid-June, leaving precious little time for us here at Bolt Prospects to get you caught up for the 2015 NHL Entry Draft. Before we do, though, lets take a moment to reflect on just how important the draft and the minor league developmental system have been to the Lightning's success thus far. The team climbed the mountain all the way to the Stanley Cup Final this year, and while they didn't get all the way to the summit, they got a peek at the promised land largely on the strength of draft picks and other prospects who came of age in this organization.
Looking at all the players who saw time in the 2015 NHL Playoffs, there were 13 Bolt Prospects alumni and three current Bolt Prospects on a roster of 24 players that saw time in the postseason. Of those 16, 11 came to the Lightning via the NHL Entry Draft with Tyler Johnson, J.T. Brown, and Andrej Sustr coming via free agency, and Ben Bishop and Jonathan Marchessault coming to the team via trade. So, nearly half of the team that came within an eyelash of winning it all this season came to the team through the draft. This event in late June matters. A lot.
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2014 Draft: 7th Round, 185th OverallSubmitted by pete on June 28, 2014 - 12:41
Name: Cameron Darcy
Position: Center
Height: 6'0"
Weight: 192 lbs
Club: Cape Breton QMJHL
Well seasoned overage prospect has taken the long route through North American junior hockey on the way to being drafted. Darcy's stops include playing with the Dexter School in Massachussetts prep hockey, the USNTDP, Northeastern University, the Muskegon Lumberjacks of the USHL, and Cape Breton of the QMJHL. Along the way, he won a U18 WJC Gold Medal with Team USA. This year, he led the Screaming Eagles in scoring and plays a balanced all-around game. Plays a pro-style, north-south, shoot-first style of hockey. Above average hands in tight.
Needs to improve his skating and his upper body strength.
Checking liner and minor league depth.
Alex Killorn Lite
- Read more
- 889 reads
2014 Draft: 6th Round, 170th OverallSubmitted by pete on June 28, 2014 - 12:02
Name: Cristiano DiGiacinto
Position: Left Wing
Height: 5'10"
Weight: 186 lbs
Club: Windsor (OHL)
Mean, agitating winger gets under his opponent's skin. Has some ability to pass and shoot the puck, but his primary task is to get the other team off their game. Classic lower line checker is at his best when the other team is trying to strangle him.
Late bloomer struggled to be picked up by a junior team until this past season. Below average skater, particularly in terms of his acceleration.
Fourth line agitator
Zac Rinaldo
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- 871 reads
2014 Draft: 4th Round, 119th OverallSubmitted by pete on June 28, 2014 - 11:10
Name: Ben Thomas
Position: Defense
Height: 6'1"
Weight: 190 lbs
Club: Calgary (WHL)
Assertive, aggressive player at both ends of the ice. Strong upper body with a high compete level. Excellent puck handler with the much coveted righty shot who loves to jump in the play. Loves to jump in the play, but responsible enough not to get caught for odd man rushes the other way. High compete level.
Poor backward skater with mediocre lateral agility compounded by poor reads and hockey sense in the defensive third.
Projection: #5 defenseman
Comparisons: Cody Franson
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- 890 reads
2014 Draft: 3rd Round, 80th OverallSubmitted by pete on June 28, 2014 - 10:27
Name: Brayden Point
Position: Center
Height: 5'10"
Weight: 160 lbs
Club: Moose Jaw (WHL)
Dynamic puckhandler with top notch creativity and playmaking skills. Well above average hockey sense and soft hands in tight around the net. Shifty, darting, hard to catch and even harder to stop.
Tiny, and at 160 lbs lacks the strength to stand up to the rigors of the pro game. Questionable whether his frame can support putting the bulk on he needs.
Second line scoring center or AHL/European league scoring champ.
Valtteri Filppula
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- 865 reads
2014 Draft: 2nd Round, 57th OverallSubmitted by pete on June 28, 2014 - 09:53
Name: Johnathan MacLeod
Position: Defense
Height: 6'2"
Weight: 200 lbs
Club: USNTDP
Lots of pro tools. Big, mobile rearguard has NHL athleticism and has barely scratched his potential. Shows willingness to take the body and a big point shot. Will develop in a strong program at Boston University.
Raw. Very raw. Positionally unpolished in the defensive zone. Unrefined offensively and can tend to make a sloppy outlet pass.
Project defenseman with top-4 ceiling.
Ben Lovejoy
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- 945 reads
2014 Draft: 2nd Round, 35th OverallSubmitted by pete on June 28, 2014 - 09:25
Name: Dominik Masin (pronounced "Machine")
Position: Defense
Height: 6'2"
Weight: 189 lbs
Club: Slavia Praha (CZE)
Mobile skater with a nice, projectable frame that will fill out even more. Already strong and well schooled positionally. Manages his gap control well and closes out his marks physically. Shows some ability to handle the puck and jump into the play and is fairly unflappable under duress.
Had a slow start to the 2013-2014 campaign and performed better overall for country than he did for club. Although he has some offensive tools, he's not a power play quarterback at this point in his career. Sometimes struggles giving and receiving passes.
#4/5 Defenseman
Travis Hamonic
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- 1095 reads
2014 NHL Draft: 1st Round, 19th OverallSubmitted by timothy on June 27, 2014 - 22:52
Name: Anthony DeAngelo
Position: Defense
Height: 5'11"
Weight: 175 lbs
Club: Sarnia (OHL)
Wow, here's a definitive swing for the fences.
With DeAngelo, the talent is unquestionable. The Philadelphia native ripped up the OHL with 15 goals and 71 points in 51 games this season. Nobody questions that, on talent alone, DeAngelo was one of the 10-15 best players in this year's class. His skating and puckhandling skills allow him to dismantle opposing defenses and gain the offensive zone with ease when he chooses to carry it. He's also got excellent vision and passing ability, and runs a power play with ruthless efficiency and a heavy righty shot. Indeed, Red Line Report ranked DeAngelo the 7th best pure skater and 13th best pure goal scorer in this draft, the latter of which is surely worth a double take given that DeAngelo is a defenseman.
The negatives, athletically, center on DeAngelo's stature, which leads to his being overwhelmed down low in the defensive zone, and his tendency to surrender neutral zone turnovers at bad times while pushing the pace. As a consequence, he posted a cringe-worthy -34 rating this season with the Sting. And yet, as cringe-worthy as that is, it pales in comparison to the red flags that surround DeAngelo off the ice. DeAngelo hasn't exactly mastered the team concept, as evidenced by his verbal abuse of a teammate with slurs that led to a suspension by the OHL. This is a young man who has been branded by many as a me-first player who the Lightning are gambling they can reorient into a productive member of the organization. If they can, Red Line Report projects him as a tremendously skilled offensive d-man and power play quarterback with comparisons to a lite version of Paul Coffey. If they can't get DeAngelo to coexist within the team concept, he'll be a bust, and one you have to worry will drag down teammates with him. Hey coaches: this is why they pay you the big bucks.
Highly skilled offensive defenseman and power-play QB
Same kind of game as Paul Coffey but, you know, not Paul Coffey
Pete Choquette contributed to this article
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- 911 reads
2014 NHL Entry Draft: Day One Recap, Day Two PreviewSubmitted by pete on June 27, 2014 - 22:15
Looking Back on Day One, Looking Ahead to Day Two
Remember how we said in our pre-draft preview there's an age-old question at draft time about whether a team drafts for need versus the best player available (BPA)? Remember how we said that, in all likelihood, the team that selected Jonathan Drouin over Seth Jones when it clearly needed a righty d-man would surely take the BPA? You do? Yeah, well, so much for that. The Lightning reverted back to the needs-based approach they employed in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft when they selected Slater Koekkoek, despite red flags on the health of Koekkoek's shoulder. Tonight, holding the 19th overall pick, the Lightning again made a needs-based pick and again chose to bypass some considerable red flags:
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I am 5'3 and approximately 135-140 lbs. Do I have enough fat for a fairly larger butt and bigger hips? (photo)
I am trying to keep my expectations realistic but at the same time, I do want a more curvier look suitable for my frame. Am I good candidate to get a larger butt and hips or should I gain more weight? My Doctor said I have enough but I'd like second opinions. I want to be realistic about my results, I am hoping to have surgery by early next year but I don't want to be dissapointed either if there's not enough fat.
Doctor Answers 5
Fat transfer
Thanks for your pictures. You do have some abdominal fat but your clothes obscure your hips and buttocks. I would recommend seeking an in-person consultation with a board certified plastic surgeon.
Wearing clothes and showing small areas really does not allow us to suggest whether you have enough donor sites. An exam in person is key. Good luck.
Web reference: http://www.stevenwallachmd.com/body-procedures/buttock-augmentation-manhattan/
I am 5'3 and approximately 135-140 lbs. Do I have enough fat for a fairly large butt and bigger hips?
I think that most of the answer depends upon how aggressively the liposuction is performed. Aggressive refers to removing a larger volume of fat very carefully so as to avoid contour deformities. Find an expert at BBLs who has good before and after pictures and good reviews.
Kenneth Hughes, MD
Los Angeles, CA
Kenneth Hughes, MD
Los Angeles, CA
Web reference: http://www.hughesplasticsurgery.com/brazilian-buttlift-photo-galleries.php
You might also like...
Good candidate for BBL
You are a great candidate for BBL in your current weight, you do have more than enough fat to transfer and achieve a wonderful result!!!
You just have to acknowledge you already have a certain degree of flaccid skin on your abdomen and liposuction will improve the shape, but will not make your skin tighter or firmer.
Be encouraged!!!
Dr. Cardenas
You just have to acknowledge you already have a certain degree of flaccid skin on your abdomen and liposuction will improve the shape, but will not make your skin tighter or firmer.
Be encouraged!!!
Dr. Cardenas
BBL Candidate
It is impossible to assess your donor sites for the BBL procedure based on the photos you posted alone. A physical exam is really needed to make any recommendations. The BBL procedure involves harvest fat from areas of your body where there is excess fat and injecting that fat carefully into the central zone of your buttock. In addition, it involves liposculpting the buttock to facilitate a more rounded look. The common donor sites for this procedure is your posterior waist/flanks, lateral thighs, back, waist, and anterior tummy. Please visit with a board certified plastic surgeon to learn more about your options.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


text:
Fly away with Peter Pan!
Peter Pan and Tinkerbell lead the three Darling children over the rooftops of London and away to Neverland - the island where the Lost Boys play. Magic and mischief are in the air but, if villainous Captain Hook has his way, before long someone will be swimming with the crocodiles . . .
Plus an introduction by Tony DiTerlizzi, and a behind-the-scenes journey, including an author profile, a guide to who's who, activities and more . . .
About the Author
James Matthew Barrie (1860-1937) was born in Scotland. He moved to London in 1885. He had a high reputation as a playwright, with productions including Quality Street (1901) and The Admirable Crichton (1902). Peter Pan was first produced on stage in 1904 and in 1911 he turned the story into a book.
-Barrie wrote his fantasy of childhood, added another figure to our enduring literature, and thereby undoubtedly made one of the boldest bids for immortality of any writer. . . . It is a masterpiece.--J. B. PRIESTLEY
Series: Puffin Classics
Audience: Children
For Ages: 9 - 12 years old
For Grades: 5+
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 230
Published: 18th August 2008
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 17.8 x 13.8 x 1.5
Weight (kg): 0.14
Edition Number: 1


text:
Sep 03 2014 , New Delhi
Asian, African emerging nations sounded out
There would be no cap on the number of non-BRICS shareholders or their shareholding. But the BRICS members' total shareholding will not be diluted below 55 per cent at any point of time, unless otherwise decided in future. All non-BRICS shareholders will be co-opted into the bank's board of governors.
"Non-BRICS members can even hold the bank chairman's position at some point of time and every shareholder will have one vote," said Charanjeet Singh, joint secretary at India's external affairs ministry. The idea is to broadbase the equity holding, board of governors and operations of the new bank, he said.
Singh said the bank would primarily focus on providing long-term finance for long-gestation infrastructure projects in the developing countries, especially BRICS nations.
Other developing countries in Asia, Africa and South America are seen as potential shareholders. Some of the non-BRICS countries that have been sounded out to become partners in NDB include large developing countries like Turkey, Indonesia and Mexico.
Several West Asian countries like the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and Iran are also being seen as potential partners, who may pick up stakes in the bank through their sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), officials clued into the negotiations told Financial Chronicle.
The five founding BRICS members are expected to complete the ratification process and secure Parliamentary approvals for the bank over the next few months.
The BRICS members have not taken a final call on the linkages that NDB might have with various multi-lateral development institutions like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB).
Other multi-lateral banks are unlikely to be invited to join the NDB board of governors or allowed any say in the running of the bank. But they would play a complementary role in development finance, another official said on the condition of anonymity.
NDB is expected to start operations on a modest scale to begin with. The BRICS members may chip in $16-18 billion towards equity holding and reserve fund in the first year, and scale it up to $100 billion over five years. Out of this, $50 billion would be towards equity and $50 billion would go into creating a reserve fund.
Officials who didn't want to be identified said the member-countries were discussing several options for financing NDB. The first option is to depend on promoters' capital for financing infrastructure projects. The second could be to finance business through issue of bonds on the strength of promoters' capital. And a third model could be for promoters to underwrite the business risk from shareholders' equity holding and leverage the robust credit ratings enjoyed by China and Russia, which have huge budget surpluses.
NDB will have one regional headquarter in South Africa, while the possibility of having a second regional office in the West Asian region is also being considered.


text:
Discussion in 'Member Introductions' started by SAMCRO, Mar 8, 2012.
Hello all, J from Dallas, TX.
Welcome to the Club!!!
Welcome to the G M T C ! What GM vehicle do you drive? If you would fill out the "signature" section, we could get to know you better. Have fun!
Welcome J good to have you aboard.
Welcome to the Club!
Hey there, SOA fan? If so, rock on...I've been addicted to the show since the beginning.
So what brings you to the forum? What are you looking to get out of it? What year/make/model is your ride?
Welcome! :great:
Separate names with a comma.


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Featured Artists
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Giving Your Right Brain a Regular Workout
Featured Artist: Simon Sherry
by Evan Chapman, 22 August 2013
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Simon Sherry
art is fuelled by muscle, metal and mayhem. If your recent art-scapades haven't quite satiated your need for a motorbike, an impossibly muscle-bound hero, some sinister lightning and a battle axe so enormous that only said hero could wield it, perhaps you need a tour around
this portfolio
Simon began his journey in the world of academia, where he completed a degree in Arts and acquired some nifty pre-press skills while he was at it. From here, Sherry's talent for illustration led him to the world of publishing, and subsequently to advertising. These days his work is created digitally and the artist favours some apps, such as Illustrator and Alchemy in a Mac environment. Other tools include his stylus and, of course, some metal pounding out of his speakers.
This highly diverse portfolio presents a variety of projects, including a collaborative one,
Game of Kings
, involving artists from around the world, and solo projects, such as the Full Deck series plus an upcoming project called 'Heavy Angel'.
Along his journey, Simon Sherry has illustrated thousands of diagrams for textbooks, created comic book covers, produced campaign work for events such as the Spring Racing Carnival and the Royal Melbourne Show, shared gallery space with American fantasy art hero
Frank Frazetta
and, of course, dreamed up numerous chaotic worlds of his own. Take a tour… but bring your battle axe.
See Simon Sherry's full portfolio here
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Songs like Disclosure - Latch?
You might want to look for Garage, Minimal or Deep House Music.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gudMm-m2Z…
What are some Trendy new songs like the ones from 90210, Gossip Girl and Popular songs to add to my ipod?
I like your taste.Try artists like Rihanna (I Love the song 'Live Your Life')Colbie Caillat (Her song Magic was featured on Gossip Girl) A Rocket To The MoonChristina Aguleria (New Album)Britney Sp...
Read More »
Why do I like sad songs?
Maybe it's just you have sympathy for the person in their moments? You might like my song. I wrote this one and released it in February 2013. Currently recording more in the studio, would love some...
Read More »
Any songs like ben howard?
Alex ClareBenjamin Francis LeftwichBon IverCity & ColourEd SheeranJames Vincent McMorrowLucy RoseMumford & SonsNoah & the WhalePenguin PrisonWilliam FitzsimmonsThe XX
Do you like my selection of songs on my playlist?
isn't this your decision? does it really matter what people on y/a have to say?


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19 Kids and Counting
|19 Kids and Counting
|Also known as
|17 Kids and Counting (2008–09)
18 Kids and Counting (2009)
|The Duggar Family
|Country of origin
|United States
|Original language(s)
|No. of seasons
|No. of episodes
|229 (plus specials) (list of episodes)
|Executive producer(s)
|Sean Overbeeke
|Camera setup
|Running time
|17–44 minutes
|Production company(s)
|Figure 8 Films
|Original network
|Picture format
|480i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
|Original release
|September 29, 2008– May 19, 2015
|External links
19 Kids and Counting (formerly 17 Kids and Counting and 18 Kids and Counting) is an American reality television show that aired on the cable channel TLC for seven years, until its cancellation in 2015. The show featured the Duggar family: parents Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar and their nineteen children—nine girls and ten boys, all of whose names begin with the letter "J." During the life of the show, three children were born, three children were married and four grandchildren were born.
The reality show focused on the life of the Duggar family who are devout Baptists.[1] and frequently discussed values of purity, modesty, and faith in God. The Duggars avoid birth control saying they have decided to allow God to determine the number of children they have. All of the children are homeschooled, and access to entertainment such as movies and television is limited. They practice chaperoned courtship, in which a couple acquaints itself only in a group setting.[2] The values presented on the show have been associated with the Quiverfull movement, which has been described as promoting strict family conformity, male hierarchies, and subservient roles for women.[3][4][5] The Duggars have stated they are not associated with the Quiverfull movement.[6]
The series began on September 29, 2008 and concluded on May 19, 2015.[7] The show was TLC's most popular, averaging 2.3 million viewers per new episode in Season 10, and scoring in the Nielsen "Cable Top 25."[8][9]
On May 22, 2015, TLC suspended the series when the Duggars' eldest son, Josh, publicly apologized for having "acted inexcusably" following reports that he molested five girls, including some of his sisters, by fondling them. These events occurred in 2002 and 2003, when he was 14 to 15 years of age, and prior to the beginning of the show. On July 16, 2015, TLC announced that the show was officially canceled and would not resume production.[10] A spin-off show, Counting On, aired in December 2015 and is currently in its third season.
- 1 Background
- 2 Events during the series
- 3 Reception
- 4 Josh's molestation revelations
- 5 Cancellation
- 6 Duggar family
- 7 Guests appearing
- 8 Availability
- 9 References
- 10 External links
The Duggars live in Tontitown, Arkansas, near Springdale, and originally appeared in several TLC and Discovery Health one-hour specials, mostly focused on four of Michelle's last five deliveries.[11][12] Jim Bob Duggar has an older sister, Deanna, who occasionally appears on the show. Michelle Duggar has six siblings. The couple met in the early 1980s when Duggar and a fellow church member were sent for a follow-up visit after Michelle Duggar experienced a religious conversion.[13] The Duggars were married on July 21, 1984, just after Michelle Duggar's high school graduation. When they married, she was 17 and he was 19; neither attended college. Together, they first launched a used-car business, then towing and real estate businesses, and both are licensed real estate agents.[14][15]
The Duggars chose to wait before having children and used birth control pills in the early years of their marriage. Their eldest child, Joshua, was born in 1988. They resumed using oral contraceptives after his birth but conceived again despite this precaution. Michelle miscarried. She has mentioned that they named that child Caleb, despite not knowing the baby's gender .[16] The Duggars believed the miscarriage was due to their use of contraceptives, and decided to stop using birth control and allow God to determine the number of children they would have.[17] Michelle soon became pregnant again, this time with her first set of twins, Jana and John-David. Michelle gave birth 17 times (twice with twins) over a period of 21 and a half years, approximately one birth every 15 months on average.
The Duggars are devout independent Baptists. They only watch programs they consider to be wholesome family television and various historical events. The exception to this rule is Jim Bob's own admission that he enjoyed the controversial move "Boys don't cry" centred around a girl who is transitioning to a male. He attributed this movie to the enforcing of his strict rule that girls are forbidden to wear pants. The belief is that Jim Bob feared the girls may be mistaken for boys and suffer the same fate as the character in this movie. Jim Bob was at a public function when he encountered a girl who had an androgenous appearance. He publicly mistook her for a male and reached out as though to shake hands, once he realised she was a girl he made a comment that she was lucky she wasn't the girl in the movie as they may be in an entirely different situation if she were. This girl went on to ensure this incident was on public record. Their Internet service is filtered. They adhere to certain standards of modesty in clothing in accordance with their religious beliefs. Shorts and tank tops are prohibited, and the women do not wear skirts that go above the knee. According to Michelle Duggar, such standards are mandated by scripture. They believe that baring the thigh is "nakedness and shame," and runs the risk of "defrauding" others—or stirring up arousing "desires in someone else that cannot be righteously fulfilled." They avoid beaches and public swimming areas "because it's just too hard for the guys to try to keep their eyes averted in those situations."[18] Female family members keep their hair long, and males are clean-shaven and short-haired. They practice chaperoned courtship, where the couple gets to know each other in a group setting. The Duggars describe this as "dating with a purpose" and the Daily Mail describes it as a "G-rated alternative to dating."[2]
The children are homeschooled using materials from a number of sources, including "Switched On Schoolhouse", Institute in Basic Life Principles (IBLP), and Accelerated Christian Education (ACE).[19] Several of the older children use the CollegePlus! program for post-secondary studies.[20]
The Duggars use a buddy system to raise their children, in which an older child is assigned to a younger sibling and assists in the latter's primary care. According to Michelle, "They help with their little phonics lessons and games during the day and help them practice their music lessons. They will play with them or help them pick out the color of their outfit that day, and just all of those types of things."[21]
Michelle Duggar won the 2004 "Young Mother of the Year Award" in Arkansas, which is sponsored by American Mothers Incorporated.[22]
Jim Bob Duggar served as a Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1999 to 2002. He was defeated for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate by incumbent Tim Hutchinson in 2002 by a vote of 71,576 to 20,546.[23] He later became a real estate agent and investor. The Duggars' income is derived from rental proceeds of commercial properties they own.[14][24] They live debt-free.[25][26]
Construction of their 7,000 square-foot (650 square-meter) house began in 2000 when they bought the lot and ordered two steel frames. One of the frames was not drilled correctly, so the Duggars received a third frame which was used to make the girls' room and the industrial kitchen.[27] Discovery Networks completed it, finding local Arkansas construction workers to donate their skills and time. The home was completed on January 20, 2006. Some of the painting, decorating, furnishings, appliances, and other finishing touches—such as a stocked pantry—were provided by Discovery Networks and corporate sponsors as part of the one-hour television special[14] entitled 16 Children and Moving In.
Events during the series[edit]
Michelle Duggar gave birth via emergency Caesarean section to Josie Brooklyn Duggar on December 10, 2009, six months into her pregnancy. When she was rushed to the hospital for gallstones, doctors discovered that she was pre-eclamptic and performed an emergency delivery. Josie Duggar was premature at only 1 pound 6 ounces (0.62 kg) at birth. Nearly four months later, on April 6, 2010, the Duggars were able to take the infant to their temporary rental home in Little Rock while they awaited medical approval to take her home to Tontitown.[28][29]
The Duggars took Josie home to Tontitown for good on June 23, 2010. By that December she weighed 15 pounds 12 ounces (7.1 kg).[30]
The couple had discussed the possibility of having more children, with Michelle Duggar saying
We would love more! I'm 43, almost 44 this September. I know that my mommy years are probably numbered, and I don't know how many more children God will see fit to give me. ... [I]t is something we've been praying about because we do love children. Each child really is a gift and that doesn't mean just our children. We asked the Lord to give us a love of children the way He loves children. That is something that we've prayed about, and we'll just see what the Lord has in store for our family in the future.[31]
On December 2, 2008, Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar's book The Duggars: 20 and Counting! was released.[32] Their second book, A Love That Multiplies, was released on June 7, 2011.[33] The eldest four girls—Jana, Jill, Jessa, and Jinger—authored Growing Up Duggar: It's All About Relationships, which was released March 4, 2014.[34]
On November 8, 2011, Michelle Duggar and family appeared on NBC's Today Show to announce she was expecting their 20th child.[35] On December 8, 2011, the Duggars announced she had miscarried.[36] Six days later, they held a memorial service for the stillborn baby girl that they named Jubilee Shalom (which means celebration and peace).[37][38]
A few months after the birth of their daughter Mackynzie, Josh and Anna Duggar learned that she was pregnant with their second child, but the pregnancy ended in a miscarriage.[39] On their daughter's first birthday, Josh and Anna Duggar announced they were expecting again. The couple welcomed their second child, Michael James, on June 15, 2011.[40] They learned that they were expecting again in September 2012.
Josh Duggar was offered a job at the Family Research Council during his wife's pregnancy with their third child. Marcus Anthony was delivered by a midwife on June 2, 2013.[40] Duggar announced he was hired to be the executive director of the Family Research Council's political action committee, FRC Action, on June 18, 2013, and the family would move to Washington, D.C.[41]
On December 2, 2014, Josh and Anna Duggar announced they were expecting their fourth child.[42] The couple welcomed their fourth child, Meredith Grace, on July 16, 2015. They announced her birth on July 19, 2015 through the Duggar family website.[43]
The Duggars issued an announcement that Jessa Duggar was in a courtship with Ben Seewald on September 18, 2013. The couple met through their church.[44][45] On August 15, 2014, after eleven months of courtship, the couple announced their engagement[46][47] and were married on November 1, 2014.[48]
Jill Duggar's courtship with Derick Dillard was announced on March 31, 2014. They were introduced by Jim Bob Duggar and became further acquainted via supervised Skype and text conversations while Dillard was serving as a missionary in Nepal. Jill Duggar and her father traveled to Nepal to meet Dillard in person and began a formal courtship in November 2013.[49] The couple announced their engagement on April 9, 2014,[50] and were married on June 21, 2014.[51][52]
The Dillards announced their first pregnancy on August 20, 2014.[53] Their son, Israel David Dillard, was born on April 6, 2015.[54]
The Seewalds announced their first pregnancy on April 21, 2015 waiting until the second trimester.[55]
On July 16, 2015 TLC announced that the series was officially canceled.[10]
Arnold Hamilton of the The Dallas Morning News described 19 Kids and Counting as "part Little House on the Prairie, part Yours, Mine & Ours–except the only blending in this real-life family occurs with restaurant like precision at mealtimes." He described the Duggars as acting "against the trend", considering the 2002 US Census found that only 0.3 percent of women ages 15 to 44 have given birth to seven or more children and that this number has declined steadily since 1976.[14]
In an op-ed for the The New York Observer, Nina Burleigh described the Duggars as "Good TV. Good, sugarcoated rat poison, politically speaking", referring to the Duggars political activity such as their opposition to abortion and their lobbying efforts against legislation which would allow transgender people use of public restrooms matching their gender identity.[56]
In an article published in the Journal of Religion and Popular Culture, Christy Mesaros-Winckles described the Duggars as "unofficial spokespeople for the Quiverfull movement." Referring to the first season of the show, Mesaros-Winckles said the Duggars introduced themselves and their religious beliefs with the "subtle and disturbing" message of conformity and "rigid male hierarchy" associated with the Quiverfull movement. Mesaros-Winckles asserts that the show provides a platform for the legitimization of this movement, while downplaying "patriarchal gender roles and strict family conformity." Mesaros-Winckles also said the Duggars "try to convince the audience that their way of life is best for raising healthy, godly children" and that a large family is a "biblical mandate." She concluded that despite the small size of the Quiverfull movement, with perhaps only several thousand followers, the show 19 Kids and Counting has brought the movement to the forefront of American culture.[5]
Feminist Amanda Marcotte referred to the Duggars as part of the "Christian patriarchy movement", which she described as interchangeable with the Quiverfull movement, saying the Duggars promote sexist values which run counter to mainstream American culture.[3] The Duggars have said they are not part of the Quiverfull movement, stating: "we are simply Bible-believing Christians who desire to follow God's Word and apply it to our lives".[6]
The Duggar family has received criticism due to their stance on LGBT issues. In August 2014, Michelle Duggar recorded a political robocall regarding legislation affecting transgender individuals, which The Huffington Post described as "transphobic" and The Washington Post described as "anti-anti-discrimination." The robocall includes Michelle saying: "The Fayetteville City Council is voting on an ordinance this Tuesday night that would allow men – yes I said men – to use women's and girls restrooms, locker rooms, showers, sleeping areas and other areas that are designated for females only. I don't believe the citizens of Fayetteville would want males with past child predator convictions that claim they are female to have a legal right to enter private areas that are reserved for women and girls." In response to this robocall, a petition was started on Change.org calling for TLC to cancel the show 19 Kids and Counting, which received over 100,000 signatures. In response to the first petition, a second petition was started asking TLC to keep the show on the air, and it also received over 100,000 signatures.[57][58][59][60]
In November 2014, the Duggars asked married couples to take a picture while kissing and share it on their Facebook page. Several users noted that pictures of same-sex couples were deleted from the Duggar's Facebook page.[61] While working for the Family Research Council, the Duggar's eldest son, Josh Duggar, said "I truly believe every child deserves a mother and a father"; the Family Research Council has been labeled as an anti-gay hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center, with SPLC saying they were designated as such due to their publication of "anti-gay propaganda."[62][63][64] Josh Duggar has been described as an "anti-gay activist" by GLAAD.[65]
Josh's molestation revelations[edit]
On May 21, 2015, a police report from 2006 was revealed to the public by In Touch Weekly magazine, stating sexual molestation allegations against the Duggars' eldest son, Josh Duggar. The report states that in 2002–2003, Josh – then 14 to 15 years old – fondled five girls, including four of his sisters, by touching their breast and genital region on multiple occasions while they were asleep and in a few cases while awake.[66][67][68] These events occurred prior to the beginning of the reality series. The case was never fully investigated, and the statute of limitations has expired.[66] On May 22, 2015, TLC removed all reruns of the show that were previously set to air from its current airing schedule, with the statement, "we are deeply saddened and troubled by this heartbreaking situation, and our thoughts and prayers are with the family and victims at this difficult time."[69][70][71]
In the wake of the controversy, more than 20 advertisers, including General Mills, Walgreens, Payless ShoeSource, Choice Hotels, Pizza Hut, Sweet Leaf Tea, and Crayola announced that they were pulling their ads from the show;[72][73][74] Hulu also removed the show's entire back catalog of episodes from the streaming service.[75] Public reaction to the revelation led to several petitions calling for TLC to cancel the series on Change.org, citing conflict between the reported events and the show's promotion of family values.[68][76][77]
Josh, along with his wife and his parents, responded to the revelations. Josh apologized, stating he had "acted inexcusably", and resigned from his position at the Family Research Council. Anna stated she knew about Josh's actions two years before she married him, and believed that the counseling he received after the incidents "changed his life." The Duggars described this time as a dark period in their lives and said it caused their family "to seek God like never before." They were featured in an interview with Megyn Kelly on Fox News Channel's The Kelly File on June 3, 2015, where they answered questions regarding the scandal.[78][79][80][81]
On July 16, 2015, Discovery Communications, parent company of TLC, confirmed to CNN that the show was officially canceled and that all further production would be ceased. In the wake of the allegations, the network announced that it would produce a one-hour, commercial-free documentary special on child abuse, that will include Jill and Jessa.[10]
TLC paid the Duggar family an estimate of US$25,000 to US$45,000 per episode. Due to the show cancellation, the loss of endorsements, speaking engagements and book deals based on the show, would result in a loss of an estimate of US$25 million a year.[82][83]
A 3-part spin-off series, Jill and Jessa: Counting On, focusing on newlyweds Jill and Derick Dillard, Jessa and Ben Seewald, Anna Duggar and several of the other adult Duggar children (sans Josh) aired in December 2015.[84] Its first episode attracted more than 2.2 million viewers, according to a report by The Nielsen Company.[85] The third episode garnered the highest ratings and viewership, at 2.5 million viewers, and ranked in the Top 5 cable shows for the night.[86] In March 2016, it was announced Counting On had been picked up for a full season, that premiered March 15, 2016.[87]
Duggar family[edit]
|This section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
- James Robert "Jim Bob" Duggar – born July 18, 1965 [88]
- Michelle Annette Duggar (née Ruark) – born [88] September 13, 1966
Anniversary: July 21, 1984
|Date of birth
|Joshua James "Josh"
|[89]March 3, 1988
|Married to Anna Keller with four children and expecting a boy
|Jana Marie
|[90]January 12, 1990
|John David
|Jill Michelle
|May 17, 1991
|Married to Derick Dillard[90] with one son and expecting a boy[54]
|Jessa Lauren
|[90]November 4, 1992
|Married to Ben Seewald[48] with two sons[91]
|Jinger Nicole
|[90]December 21, 1993
|Married to Jeremy Vuolo[92]
|Joseph Garrett
|[93]January 20, 1995
|Courting Kendra Caldwell [94]
|Josiah Matthew
|[95]August 28, 1996
|Joy Anna
|[90]October 28, 1997
|Engaged to Austin Forsyth[96]
|Jedidiah Robert
|[89]December 30, 1998
|Jeremiah Robert
|Jason Michael
|[89]April 21, 2000
|James Andrew
|[89]July 7, 2001
|Justin Samuel
|[89]November 15, 2002
|Jackson Levi[97]
|[89]May 23, 2004
|Johannah Faith[98]
|[90]October 11, 2005
|Jennifer Danielle [99]
|[90]August 2, 2007
|Jordyn Grace Makiya[100]
|[90]December 18, 2008
|Josie Brooklyn[101]
|[90]December 10, 2009
Josh's family[edit]
Josh Duggar married Anna Renée Keller, born citation needed] They have four children, two girls and two boys, and are expecting their fifth child, a baby boy, later this year.[102]June 23, 1988 , on September 26, 2008.[
|Date of birth
|Mackynzie Renée Duggar
|[39]October 8, 2009
|Michael James Duggar
|[103]June 15, 2011
|Marcus Anthony Duggar
|[104]June 2, 2013
|Meredith Grace Duggar
|[105]July 16, 2015
Jill's family[edit]
Jill Duggar married Derick Michael Dillard, born citation needed] on June 21, 2014. They have one son, and are expecting their second in July 2017.[106]March 9, 1989 ,[
|Date of birth
|Israel David Dillard
|April 6, 2015
Jessa's family[edit]
Jessa Duggar married Benjamin Michael "Ben" Seewald, born citation needed] on November 1, 2014. They have two sons.May 19, 1995 ,[
|Date of birth
|Spurgeon Elliot Seewald
|[107]November 5, 2015
|Henry Wilberforce Seewald [108]
|[109]February 6, 2017 (age 3 months 19 days)
Jinger's family[edit]
Jinger Duggar married Jeremy Vuolo, born September 5, 1987 ,[citation needed] on November 5, 2016.
Guests appearing[edit]
Family members[edit]
|Amy Rachelle King (née Duggar)
|Jim Bob's niece
|Appears in several episodes and is featured in A Duggar Leaves Home (where she goes on to pursue a career as a country music artist); in Tennessee[110] sang "Amazing Grace" in the closing credits of the episode of her grandfather's funeral; married to Dillon King; born September 30, 1986
|Priscilla Lynn Waller (née Keller)
|Anna's sister
|Stayed at the Duggar home in late 2010 to help care for the younger children; married to David Waller; they have two sons Paul & Philip, a daughter, Davia[111][112]
|Mary Duggar
|Jim Bob's mother
|Lives with the family[citation needed]
Bates family[edit]
The most often recurring guests (other than relatives) have been the Bates family from Rocky Top, Tennessee. Because they are so similar to the Duggars (having 19 kids of their own), they have become close friends. In 2012, there was a spin-off series featuring the Bates family on TLC, called United Bates of America, which lasted for eight episodes. On January 1, 2015, the family returned with a new TV series titled Bringing Up Bates on Up TV.[113]
Other notable guests[edit]
|This section does not cite any sources. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
- Kirk Cameron – two episodes (in seasons 2 and 6)
- Bethany Hamilton (professional surfer) – season 5, episode 6
- Dan Harris of Good Morning America – season 7, episode 12
- Dolly Parton – two episodes in season 3
- Charles Stanley (minister) – season 6, episode 3
- Meredith Vieira of The Today Show
- Steve Conley (former NFL player) – Jim and Josh's personal trainer in four episodes in season 7, plus a surprise visit in season 9, episode 5
- Walker Hayes – singer-songwriter of the song for Jill and Derick's proposal in season 8, episode 12
- Erica Hill – NBC News anchor appears in season 10, episode 22
|Region 1
|Season 1
|Season 2
|February 23, 2010[115]
|Season 3
|April 27, 2010[116] & March 13, 2012[117]
|Season 4
|April 5, 2011[118] & April 17, 2012[119]
|Season 5
|May 1, 2012 [120]
Online releases[edit]
Episodes of the series are available for download from the iTunes Store, Amazon Video, and Microsoft's Zune Marketplace.
- ^ Duggar Family at Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture
- ^ a b Brown, Laurel (April 15, 2015). "'Dating with a purpose!': 19 Kids And Counting's Josiah j Duggar and Marjorie Jackson explain their courtship in a perky video". Daily Mail. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^ a b Marcotte, Amanda (April 16, 2014), "Sex Scandal Rocks the Duggars' Christian Patriarchy Movement", The Daily Beast, retrieved September 3, 2014
- ^ Blumberg, Antonia. "What You Need To Know About The 'Quiverfull' Movement". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
- ^ a b Mesaros-Winkles, Christy Ellen (2010). "TLC and the Fundamentalist Family: A Televised Quiverful of Babies.". Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. 22. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
- ^ a b "Duggar Family Blog". Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
The Duggars write in their second book, A Love That Multiplies: "Even though Wikipedia and some Internet blogs report that we are part of a QuiverFull movement, we are not. We are simply Bible-believing Christians who desire to follow God's Word and apply it to our lives" (page 92)
- ^ "'19 Kids & Counting' Finale: Duggars Reveal Family Courtship Secrets". Hollywood Life. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
- ^ "The Josh Duggar sexual abuse scandal, explained". VOX.
- ^ "Cable Top 25". Zap2It.com. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
- ^ a b c Caulfield, Philip (July 16, 2015). "TLC cancels '19 Kids and Counting' amid Duggar abuse scandal". Daily News. New York. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
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- ^ "Couple welcomes 17th child – and wants more". MSNBC. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.
The Duggars have been featured on several programs on cable television's Discovery Health Network. The next special, the Duggar Family Album, is scheduled to air next month, according to Jim Bob.
- ^ "The Duggars Religion". Wordpress. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
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The Duggar family's large size makes them something of an anomaly, attracting worldwide media attention.
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- ^ Duggar, Jill; Duggar, Jinger; Duggar, Jessa; Duggar, Jana (2014-03-04). Growing Up Duggar: It's All About Relationships (First Ed 1st Printing ed.). Howard Books. ISBN 9781451679168.
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- ^ a b "The Transformation of Josh and Anna Duggar……..Just in Time for the Move to Washington D.C.". Raising Servants of Christ. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ a b "Duggar Family Blog: Updates and Pictures Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar 19 Kids and Counting TLC: Birthdays". www.duggarfamilyblog.com. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
- ^ "Josh Duggar snags Family Research Council job in Washington, D.C.". United Press International. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
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- ^ Evelyn Schlatter. "18 Anti-Gay Groups and Their Propaganda". SPLC. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
- ^ Katy Butler. "Josh Duggar takes a job with anti-gay Family Research Council". GLAAD.
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- ^ Emily Krauser (May 30, 2015). "Duggar Family to 'Share Our Hearts' in First Post-Scandal TV Interview with Fox News". Yahoo! Celebrity. Yahoo!. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
- ^ "Duggar parents preparing to answer questions in Fox interview". CNN. May 30, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
- ^ "TUNE IN: Exclusive Interview With Jim Bob & Michelle Duggar on 'The Kelly File' Wednesday at 9p ET". Fox News Channel. May 30, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
- ^ "What's at Stake for the Duggars if TLC Cancels 19 Kids and Counting?". People. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
- ^ "The Duggar children 'liked being recognized and hate that 19 Kids And Counting has been canceled' due to molestation scandal". The Dailiy Mail. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
- ^ "TLC's 'Jill and Jessa: Counting On' special gets December premiere date". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
- ^ "Duggar Family Blog: Updates and Pictures Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar 19 Kids and Counting TLC: 'Counting On' Ranks High". www.duggarfamilyblog.com. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
- ^ "More Duggars in 2016? High Ratings for 'Jill & Jessa: Counting On' Could Mean More Episodes". The Ashley's Reality Roundup. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
- ^ "Duggars' 'Jill and Jessa: Counting On' Gets Full Season - Us Weekly". Us Weekly. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
- ^ a b "The Duggar Family". Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "Family Scrapbook- The Boys". The Duggar Family (official website). Archived from the original on March 17, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Family Scrapbook- The Girls". The Duggar Family (official website). Archived from the original on March 18, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
- ^ Macatee, Rebecca (April 20, 2015). "Jessa Duggar Is Pregnant, Expecting First Child With Ben Seewald!". Retrieved April 20, 2015.
- ^ Strohm, Emily (July 26, 2016). "Jinger Duggar Is Engaged! The Counting On Star Said 'Yes' to Jeremy Vuolo". People. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- ^ Courting Kendra Caldwell. "'19 Kids And Counting': Which Duggar Is Leaving Home For College?". The Inquisitr. The Inquisitr News. January 20, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
[...] However, they are slightly loosening the tight hold that they have on their kids by allowing 22-year-old Joseph Duggar to attend classes at The Crown College of the Bible in Knoxville, Tennessee. [...]
- ^ "Joseph Duggar Is Officially Courting Kendra Caldwell: 'She's the Best!'". March 8, 2017.
- ^ Corinthios, Aurelie (August 5, 2015). "Josiah Duggar Has Ended His Courtship with Marjorie Jackson After 4 Months". People. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
- ^ French, Megan. "Joy Anna Duggar's Boyfriend Austin Forsyth: 5 Things to Know About Him". US Magazine. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ 14 Children and Pregnant Again! September 6, 2005
- ^ Raising 16 Children March 13, 2006
- ^ Duggars' Big Family Album September 22, 2007
- ^ And Baby Makes 18 December 22, 2008
- ^ Season 4 episode, Special Duggar Delivery January 31, 2010
- ^ "Josh and Anna Duggar Expecting Fifth Child — Two Years After Scandal Rocked Their Marriage". March 17, 2017.
- ^ http://ja20.com/ourstory/ Josh and Anna
- ^ http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/josh-and-anna-duggar-welcome-baby-boy-marcus-anthony-201376 Josh and Anna Duggar Welcome Baby Boy Marcus Anthony
- ^ "Happy Belated Birthday, Meredith!".
- ^ "Duggar Gender Reveal: It's a...".
- ^ Seewald, Ben. "The Baby Is Here!".
- ^ "Learn the Name of Jessa and Ben Seewald's Second Child". February 13, 2017.
- ^ "Jessa (Duggar) Seewald Welcomes Baby No. 2!". Retrieved 2017-02-06.
- ^ Amy Duggar reaches for Nashville dreams, Fox News Channel, November 26, 2014.
- ^ Davia Lynn Waller Arrives to the Waller Home - Baby Just a Few Hours Old. YouTube. November 12, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
- ^ "Paul is a Big Brother!!!". Retrieved October 12, 2014.
- ^ "Bringing Up Bates".
- ^ ASIN B001VZ9YP0, 17 Kids and Counting (2 DVD Set)
- ^ "Package Art and New Details Delivered for the DVD Set". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2009.
- ^ "18 Kids and Counting Season 3 DVD". Retrieved November 21, 2011.
- ^ "Retail Release of Season 3 DVDs in March". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
- ^ "19 Kids and Counting Season 4 DVD". Retrieved November 21, 2011.
- ^ "Season 4 DVD Set is Going 'Wide' in April". TVShowOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
- ^ "19 Kids and Counting Season 5 DVD". Retrieved September 6, 2012.
External links[edit]
- Official website for the TV show
- 19 Kids and Counting at the Internet Movie Database
- 19 Kids and Counting at TV.com
- Duggar family
- 2000s American television series
- 2008 American television series debuts
- 2010s American television series
- 2015 American television series endings
- American reality television series
- English-language television programming
- People from Washington County, Arkansas
- Television shows set in Arkansas
- TLC (TV network) programs