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Patent application title: METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, CORRESPONDING NETWORK AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT
Paolo Priotti (Torino, IT)
Telecom Italia S.p.A.
IPC8 Class: AH04W406FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Multiplex communications communication over free space message addressed to multiple destinations
Publication date: 2013-02-07
Patent application number: 20130034040
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A multiple-user multiple input-multiple output wireless communication
system uses a set of multiple subcarriers arranged in plural subsets or
resource blocks. Precoding of signals transmitted from a base station to
user terminals involves acquiring channel state information on the
connection channel between the base station and user terminals in the
plurality. Channel quality indicators are detected with user terminals
for respective subsets of resource blocks to produce user/resource block
pairs having associated channel quality indicators. The user/resource
block pairs are subjected to selection as a function of the channel
quality indicators associated therewith so that precoding is performed by
acquiring channel state information exclusively for the user/resource
block pairs surviving the selection as a function of the channel quality
indicators and, possibly, other selection steps as a function of other
parameters, such as, speed, maximum bit rate, and direction of arrival or
angular spread in a multiple-stage selection process.
1-15. (canceled)
16. A method of precoding signals transmitted on a downlink from a base station to a plurality of user terminals in a multi-user multiple input-multiple output wireless communication system using a set of multiple subcarriers arranged in plural subsets of said set of multiple subcarriers, wherein said precoding comprises acquiring channel state information on the connection channel between said base station and user terminals in said plurality of user terminals, comprising: detecting with the user terminals of said plurality of user terminals, channel quality indicators for respective subsets of said set of multiple subcarriers, by associating with each channel quality indicator a respective subset of said set of multiple subcarriers for which the channel quality indicator has been detected; creating user/subset pairs having associated channel quality indicators; subjecting said user/subset pairs to selection as a function of the channel quality indicators associated therewith; and performing said precoding by acquiring channel state information on the user/subset pairs resulting from said selection as a function of the channel quality indicators.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein acquiring channel state information comprises signalling in a downlink from said base station the user/subset pairs resulting from said selection as a function of the channel quality indicators.
18. The method of claim 16, comprising detecting said channel quality indicators as channel quality indicators or explicit SINR estimates acquired for the user terminals of said plurality of user terminals.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein detecting said channel quality indicators is in the form of a best-M channel quality indicator signalling provided by the user terminals and acquiring channel state information comprises: signalling in the downlink from said base station, the user terminals corresponding to at least one user/subset pair resulting from said selection: and receiving from said signalled user terminals the channel state information corresponding to M best resource subsets or a subset thereof.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein said subsets of said set of multiple subcarriers comprise resource block or resource blocks, and wherein said user/subset pairs are created as user/resource block pairs having associated channel quality indicators.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein said selection as a function of the channel quality indicators comprises selecting the user/subset pairs having an associated channel quality indicator above a given threshold.
22. The method of claim 16, wherein said selection as a function of the channel quality indicators comprises discarding user/subset pairs for which no channel quality indicator is available.
23. The method of claim 16, wherein said selection as a function of the channel quality indicators is in a multi-stage selection leading to a surviving set of user/subset pairs for which channel state information is acquired in performing said precoding.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein said multi-stage selection comprises selecting user terminals of said plurality of user terminals as a function of their speed of motion.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein selecting user terminals of said plurality of user terminals comprises excluding multiple-user multiple input-multiple output user terminals having an estimated speed above a pre-determined speed threshold.
26. The method of claim 23, wherein said multi-stage selection comprises selecting user terminals as a function of a bit rate thereof.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein selecting user terminals as a function of the bit rate thereof, comprises excluding multiple-user multiple input-multiple out user terminals requesting a maximum per-user bit rate available in the system.
28. The method of claim 23, wherein said multi-stage selection comprises selecting user terminals of said plurality as a function of at least one of the direction of arrival and the angular spread at the base station.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein selecting user terminals of said plurality of user terminals as a function of at least one of the direction of arrival and the angular spread at the base station comprises selectively excluding multiple-user multiple input-multiple output user terminals within a given angular spread.
30. A system for precoding signals transmitted from a base station to a plurality of user terminals in a multi-user multiple input-multiple output wireless communication arrangement, comprising a configuration to perform the method of claim 16.
31. The system of claim 30, wherein the system is located at said base station.
32. A wireless communication network comprising a base station for transmitting to a plurality of user terminals, precoded signals in a multi-user multiple input-multiple output wireless communication arrangement, comprising the system of claim 30.
33. A non-transitory computer program product, loadable in the memory of at least one computer and comprising software code portions for performing the method of claim 16, when the product is run on a computer.
[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless (e.g. radio) communications.
[0002] This disclosure was devised by paying attention to its possible use in transmission systems employing a so-called Multi-User Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) technique.
[0003] The MU-MIMO technique is a multi-user transmission technique which can be adopted in multi-carrier radio communication systems like OFDM, where the bandwith of the communication channel is divided in a plurality of sub-bands called subcarriers. In cellular systems like 3GPP LTE-A (3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution-Advanced), subcarriers are arranged in plural sub-sets (called Physical Resource Blocks--PRBs, or, briefly, RBs) of the set of subcarriers. In MU-MIMO systems, a given frequency resource is re-used multiple times at a given instant for transmitting multiple streams of information pertaining to different users. Multiple streams are separated thanks to the different spatial propagation paths seen by signals transmitted and received by spatially separated antennas.
[0004] In the downlink (DL) transmission direction--that is from a base station towards the user equipments--an MU-MIMO system operates such that multiple transmit antennas belonging to the base station (or Node B) are used to transmit on the same frequency resources to multiple users.
[0005] FIG. 1 of the annexed representations is schematically representative of various possible topologies of MU-MIMO DL connection. In all representations, BS denotes a base station (Node B), while user equipments (UEs) are denoted UE1, UE2, UE3, . . . .
[0006] Specifically, part a) of FIG. 1 shows co-located BS transmitters and single stream per user.
[0007] Part b) shows co-located BS transmitters and single or multiple stream per user.
[0008] Part c) shows distributed coordinated BS transmitters and a single stream per user.
[0009] In all of the above configurations, each user receives a mixture of the signals intended for all the users, such experiencing interference. Interference can be largely limited by precoding operated at the transmitter.
[0010] In contrast to Single-User MIMO (SU-MIMO) systems, in a MU-MIMO system DL receive antennas do not belong all to the same terminal. This fact makes a difference in the way reception is achieved: in SU-MIMO all spatial streams are adapted to be decoded jointly (or sequentially), improving transmission performance. For that reason, operating MU-MIMO precoding at the base station may be important in MU-MIMO systems. MU-MIMO precoding usually has the purpose to alleviate interference between the streams directed to different users.
[0011] MU-MIMO precoding can be classified according to a number of characteristics, such as: [0012] the type of operations performed at the transmitter, e.g. linear or non-linear. Articles such "Generalized Design of Multi-User MIMO Precoding Matrices" by Veljko Stankovic and Martin Haardt, IEEE 2008 and "On the Achievable Throughput of a Multiantenna Gaussian Broadcast Channel" by Giuseppe Caire, and Shlomo Shamai, IEEE 2003 provide basic reference information on linear and non-linear precoding, respectively; [0013] the type of channel state information (CSI) available at the transmitter, e.g. be short-term or long-term. Short term precoding takes into account fast fading, while long-term precoding takes into account only relatively slow variations in the channel; [0014] the spatial correlation of transmit antennas: precoding can be implemented as a beamforming technique or as a classical MIMO transmission. Beamforming may be performed with half-wavelength, strongly correlated transmit antenna arrays, and is more often implemented as a long-term technique. A precoding operating like a classical MIMO transmission usually happens with far spaced, largely uncorrelated transmit antennas, and is based on short-term channel state information.
[0015] While the focus of this disclosure is not on the type of precoding adopted and its characteristics, for the purposes herein it will be sufficient to recall that a MU-MIMO system may include a base station having MT transmit antennas and serving K users. For simplicity one may assume that each user is equipped with a constant number of MR receive antennas each, with MR≦MT/2. One may similarly assume that the base station divides the frequency resources into Ψ blocks (Resource Blocks, RBs), with e.g. Ψ<K, and that each served user which is actually scheduled utilizes exactly one RB.
[0016] Optimal precoding would require that all possible user groupings are considered for each RB, that precoding is actually computed for each possible grouping, and that, finally, a selection of groups maximizing a given objective function to be chosen for scheduling. In other words, for each RB, a total of
possible precoding schemes have to be computed.
[0017] Since channel state information is supposed different for each RB, any type of precoding that is dependent on the channel state (which usually is true) will lead to a total of
precoding schemes to be computed. This can easily lead to impractical figures (e.g. MT=4, K=60, MR=2, Ψ=50 gives a total of
especially when sophisticated and computationally heavy precoding needs to be computed in real-time.
[0018] Concerning channel knowledge at the transmit side, one may consider first a frequency division duplexing (FDD) system, where DL channel estimation is carried out via pilot signals with a density of ξ pilots per RB. Channel knowledge at the transmitter may be assumed to mean that those pilots need to be sent in the uplink (UL) direction. Then for each time interval a total of MRMTΨKξ complex numbers would need to be transmitted. With the same numbers of the example considered above, and for ξ=2, time interval of 1 ms, and 16 bits needed to quantize a single complex number, a total of 768 Mbit/s would be required in UL signalling, which is likely much more than the total UL capacity itself.
[0019] In a time division duplexing (TDD) system DL and UL reciprocity can help in acquiring information on the channel, provided that a proper compensation or tuning of RF parts is present. However, the knowledge of the channel seen by all users requires that all users transmit in the UL over the whole bandwidth and with all of their transmit antennas. This might be difficult to achieve in practice, especially for a high number of users.
[0020] These issues have been tackled to some extent in the patent literature.
[0021] For instance, US-A-2008/0117815 discloses a method to reduce feedback quantity and scheduling complexity, while WO-A-2009/38509 discloses an arrangement to adapt the modulation chosen for each user between SU-MIMO modes and MU-MIMO modes based on user velocity, which is a useful parameter.
[0022] A somewhat similar disclosure is provided in WO-A-2007/109630.
[0023] Document US-A-2008/0242309 addresses the issue of reducing signalling in the UL channel by selecting user terminals based on the magnitude of their channel only.
[0024] The inventor has thus noted that conventional precoding schemes (especially of the short-term type) for MU-MIMO systems based on an estimate of the connection channel between the base station and user equipments present two types of challenges: they require full channel knowledge for every user at the transmitter and imply a computationally heavy scheduling phase.
[0025] The inventor has similarly noted that various reasons prevent these issues from being solved by the prior art patent documents considered in the foregoing.
[0026] A first reason may be excessive latency, e.g. because users are selected sequentially with a very complex process of sending several times a so-called partial information feedback. Excessive latency could limit the minimum acceptable channel coherence time. A related problem may lie in the fact that, because partial information feedback is sent several times in the uplink (UL) direction, so that the total amount of feedback information may turn out be too large.
[0027] Another reason may lie in the difficulty in limiting to reasonable amounts the feedback quantity in the uplink direction: if e.g. a high number of users exhibit low mobility, many candidates for MU-MIMO will be present, and so both signalling load in the UL and computation complexity for scheduling at the base station will be excessive.
[0028] Still another reason is the impact on scheduling complexity, e.g. because (irrespective of the type of feedback possibly adopted) UL signalling of the magnitude of all channels becomes very heavy, which make a realistic implementation of a MU-MIMO precoder very critical.
[0029] The object of the invention is thus to provide a solution exempt from the drawbacks highlighted in the foregoing.
[0030] According to the present invention, that object is achieved by means of a method having the features set forth in the claims that follow. The invention also relates to a corresponding system, a related network as well as a related computer program product, loadable in the memory of at least one computer and including software code portions for performing the steps of the method of the invention when the product is run on a computer. As used herein, reference to such a computer program product is intended to be equivalent to reference to a computer-readable medium containing instructions for controlling a computer system to coordinate the performance of the method of the invention. Reference to "at least one computer" is evidently intended to highlight the possibility for the present invention to be implemented in a distributed/modular fashion.
[0031] The claims are an integral part of the disclosure of the invention provided herein.
[0032] Various embodiments relate to precoding signals transmitted from a base station to a plurality of user terminals in a MU-MIMO wireless communication system using a set of multiple subcarriers arranged in plural subsets (e.g. RBs) of said set of multiple subcarriers, wherein said precoding involves acquiring channel state information (e.g. CSI) on the connection channel between the base station and user terminals in said plurality.
[0033] Various embodiments thus provide for detecting with the user terminals of said plurality channel quality indicators (e.g. CQIs or explicit SINR estimates) for respective subsets of said set of multiple subcarriers, by associating to each channel quality indicator a respective subset of said set of multiple subcarriers for which the channel quality indicator has been detected; user/subset pairs are thus created having associated channel quality indicators, and these user/subset pairs are subjected to selection as a function of the channel quality indicators associated therewith so that precoding is performed by acquiring channel state information (exclusively) for the user/subset pairs resulting from said selection as a function of the channel quality indicators (and, possibly, other selection steps as a function of other parameters such as speed, maximum bit rate, direction of arrival or angular spread in a multiple-stage selection process).
[0034] Various embodiments overcome the drawbacks inherent in prior art solutions (e.g. the need for full channel knowledge for every user at the transmitter and/or a computationally heavy scheduling phase) by utilizing quantities that are otherwise already available as UL feedback to select the candidate users for MU-MIMO.
[0035] Various embodiments relate to implementations of MU-MIMO precoding that are not specifically related to the type of precoding adopted. Various embodiments can be applied to both linear and non-linear MU-MIMO precoding schemes, while certain embodiments are particularly suited to short-term precoding. In various embodiments, user selection is RB-specific. In various embodiments, selection is multi-stage to limit inasmuch as possible the quantity of UL feedback.
[0036] In various embodiments, user selection is based on a reported indicator of channel quality such as eg. indicator known as CQI (Channel Quality Indicator).
[0037] In various embodiments, e.g. in case of wide-band CQI reporting, the user is considered a candidate for MU-MIMO on all available RBs only if the CQI exceeds a given threshold.
[0038] In various embodiments, in case of RB-specific CQI reporting, the selection is operated on per-RB basis: if the CQI is signalled only for the best RBs ("best-M" mode), then a terminal is not considered a candidate for MU-MIMO for those RBs without a signalled CQI, and for those RBs with a CQI a threshold may be applied.
[0039] In various embodiments, the indicator of channel quality may be represented by an explicit SINR estimate, which is signalled in the UL in the place of the CQI, and is processed in a similar way to a CQI.
[0040] In various embodiments, those users requesting the maximum available per-user bit rate (e.g. requiring a high bit-rate service in a network with small load, or privileged "premium" users) are to be excluded from MU-MIMO (especially when operated with co-located antennas).
[0041] In various embodiments, user selection may involve estimated user motion speed: for instance, MU-MIMO may be ruled out for users having an estimated speed exceeding a pre-determined speed threshold.
[0042] In various embodiments, speed may be estimated at the base station based on the UL signal; it may also be estimated at the mobile terminal based on DL signal or an independent positioning system. In this latter case, the estimated speed is reported to the base station.
[0043] In various embodiments, the feedback quantity can be reduced by using a single bit indicated if the speed is below or above the threshold.
[0044] In various embodiments, where an estimated direction of arrival and angular spread is available at the base station, the selection of users may operate so that, for each RB, the candidates will not have similar directions of arrival and angular spread.
[0045] In various embodiments, if the candidates are concentrated along given directions, only a small number of users inside a given angular spread is considered as candidates for MU-MIMO (some users may be excluded operating on a random basis inside the given angular spread).
[0046] In various embodiments, the base station will then signal in the DL a request to the candidate user terminals to transmit their full Channel State Information (CSI) on the UL; the request will typically be limited to a few RBs per user terminal.
[0047] In various embodiments wherein selection is based on best-M CQI signalling, it could be implied that if the base station requests the full CSI, then it is relative to all or the best M' resources, where M'<M, such saving DL signalling resources.
[0048] In various embodiments, after the candidate users have signalled their full CSI on the uplink, a scheduling phase is provided where only candidate users will be considered for MU-MIMO scheduling; for scheduled users MU-MIMO precoded signal is then computed based on the full CSI information.
[0049] Various embodiments apply to wireless systems using MU-MIMO transmission, and in particular those types of MU-MIMO featuring a precoding at the transmit side which needs a detailed channel state knowledge.
[0050] The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the enclosed figures of drawing, wherein:
[0051] FIG. 1 has been already described in the foregoing;
[0052] FIG. 2 is flowchart representative of operation of various embodiments.
[0053] In the following description, numerous specific details are given to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments. The embodiments can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the embodiments.
[0054] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0055] The headings provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.
[0056] This disclosure will refer to various exemplary embodiments applied to downlink (DL) connections in a system otherwise conforming to the 3GPP standard Release 10 and beyond (LTE-A, Long Term Evolution-Advanced). Various embodiments are applicable to other cellular and non-cellular wireless systems based multi-carrier transmission techniques (like OFDM), or on single carrier transmission. In the case of single-carrier based systems, the full bandwidth will be allocated to a group of MU-MIMO users at a time, but the concept of pre-selection remains applicable.
[0057] The flowchart of FIG. 2 is representative of an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for selection of user terminals to be considered for precoding purposes within a transmitter using MU-MIMO. It will otherwise be appreciated that certain steps of the exemplary procedure of FIG. 2 may be omitted or their order may be altered.
[0058] After a START step, the "intelligence" of the system (for the sake of simplicity this will be assumed to be located at the base station BS e.g. Node B, while a distributed arrangement is also possible) will start by considering the set Ω={ωi} of all active users, step 10.
[0059] As used herein, the term active user terminal will indicate those user terminals that have pending requests for DL transmission, that is those user terminals having their radio interface in the connected state, and waiting to be scheduled for DL transmission.
[0060] Assuming that K is the number of active users so that Ω={ωi}, i=1 . . . K, one may similarly assume that, in a step 12, the base station will be able to estimate for the i-th user the motion speed νi of the user itself, or the speed of the fastest scatters in the propagation channel (or the UL receiver in the case of a moving base station). Speed estimation techniques of the type considered herein are known in the art, which makes it unnecessary to provide a detailed description herein.
[0061] If νmax denotes the maximum motion speed tolerable for MU-MIMO scheduling, a new set of users can be defines as:
Ω 1 = { ω i } , { ω i .di-elect cons. Ω v i ≦ v max . ##EQU00004##
[0062] This first selection step (generally designated step 14 in FIG. 2) will lead to partitioning the active users in two sets, namely: [0063] users with estimated speed below (and equal to) the threshold νmax; [0064] users with estimated speed above the threshold νmax.
[0065] This selection step may be further refined into substeps when different orders of MU-MIMO are present in the system.
[0066] By means of example, if 2×2 and 4×4 types of MU-MIMO are present, where the number of receive antennas per user are MR=1 in both cases, one may assume then that 2×2 will operate at somewhat higher speeds than 4×4. In that case, two maximum acceptable speeds νmax will be present, namely a higher one (νmax2×2) for 2×2 and a lower one (νmax4×4) for 4×4.
[0067] Users will then be divided in users that are not eligible for any type of MU-MIMO scheduling, users eligible for 2×2 only, and users eligible for both types of MU-MIMO scheduling.
[0068] In any case, users not held to be eligible for any type of MU-MIMO scheduling (e.g. users with estimated speed above the threshold νmax) will be forwarded to a scheduling process 40 (of a known type) for non-MU-MIMO user terminals.
[0069] In a step 16, the system will also exclude those users that are candidates for a connection with maximum bit-rate (for example premium users willing to pay a higher fare). As a result of the step 16, a new selected set of user will thus be formed:
Ω 2 = { ω i } , { ω i .di-elect cons. Ω 1 ω i Λ ##EQU00005##
[0070] where Λ is the set of users chosen as candidates for a maximum bit-rate connection by the scheduling policy. Again, these users, which may be better served with SU-MIMO allocation, are forwarded to the scheduling process 40 for non-MU-MIMO user terminals.
[0071] In a step 18, the system will then acquire channel quality indicators (the CQI parameter) for the elements included in Ω2.
[0072] In a step 20, the CQI values thus collected will be arranged in a bi-dimensional matrix Σ, where each row corresponds to a user terminal ωiεΩ2, and each column corresponds to a RB (i.e. one of the subsets of the set of multiple sub carriers used in the system).
[0073] In various embodiments, the base station will then fill-in the elements σij of the matrix with the values of the CQIs, where available, as follows.
[0074] When the CQI is not available for a user terminal, all the RBs for that user terminal will be marked as not suitable for MU-MIMO (this can be set in practice to the lowest possible CQI value).
[0075] For wide-band types of CQI, there are two choices: [0076] if that type of CQI is not held to be adapted for MU-MIMO, all the RBs for that user terminal will be marked as not suitable for MU-MIMO; [0077] otherwise, all the RBs for that user terminal will be marked with the same value of CQI.
[0078] For "best-M" type of CQI, the corresponding RBs will be marked with the corresponding value of the CQI, while other ones will be marked as not suitable for MU-MIMO.
[0079] Further on, in a step 22, the pairs (ωi, RBj), ωiεΩ2, will be selected as suitable for MU-MIMO scheduling only if the corresponding CQI value in Σ is above a given threshold value λ. As such, we define a new set of selected pairs (user, RB) as follows:
Ω 3 = { ( ω i , RB j ) } , { ω i .di-elect cons. Ω 2 σ ij ≧ λ . ##EQU00006##
[0080] The value of λ does not need to be static, but can be dynamically adapted in time, to optimize different load situations.
[0081] In the step 22, the users corresponding to those (user, RB) pairs that exhibit a CQI below the threshold value λ or to those (user, RB) pairs for which no CQI is available (and are thus set to a lowest possible CQI value--lower than λ) are forwarded to the scheduling process 40 for non-MU-MIMO user terminals being thus discarded for the purposes of MU-MIMO precoding.
[0082] A next, optional, selection phase assumes that the base station BS is capable of estimating the Direction of Arrival (DoA) of the waves transmitted by a given user terminal. Optionally, Angular Spread (AS) may (also) be estimated.
[0083] The above quantities can be estimated in a step 24 e.g. by resorting to algorithms available in the literature (e.g. MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithms), and a successful estimate is easier when antennas at the base station are spatially correlated.
[0084] In various embodiments, users having similar DoA should not be scheduled on the same RBs, especially when they have similar ASs.
[0085] An exemplary algorithm using the DoA may be written in pseudo-code as follows:
TABLE-US-00001 initialize Ω4 = Ω3 for j = 1 to number of RBs store U = set of users selected for MU-MIMO on RB (j) set to zero a list of users for each direction of arrival (with a given angular step) while ( U not empty ) pick up the user (i) in U with highest CQI value on RB (j) store DoA = direction of arrival for user (i) if ( list of users for DoA has less than maximum number of users ) add to the list for DoA user (i) end if delete user (i) from set U end while store U = set of users selected for MU-MIMO on RB (j) for k = 1 to number of elements in U pick up the k-th element of U, which is user (i) if ( user (i) is member of any list of users for all the DoAs ) do nothing else remove the pair (ωi, RBj) from Ω4 end if end for end for
[0086] As a result of the above algorithm (or an equivalent procedure) being implemented in a step 26, excluded (user, RB) pairs are forwarded to the scheduling process 40.
[0087] Conversely, the selected (user, RB) pairs constitute a final set of candidate pairs (ωi, RBj) in Ω4 ready to be used for DL signalling.
[0088] To that effect, in a step 28 the base station BS will request the detailed CSI for the pairs (ωi, RBj) in Ω4, or a subset thereof, when the number of elements in Ω4 exceeds a pre-determined threshold.
[0089] In a step 30, the candidate users {ωi}, .E-backward.(ωi, RBj)εΩ4 or a subset thereof will then transmit via UL signalling the detailed CSI to the base station.
[0090] In various embodiments, DL signalling to request the detailed CSI and the associated UL signalling for the transmission of the CSI may be designed in various ways.
[0091] In various embodiments the base station will send on the DL information corresponding to the unique identifiers of the ordered elements (ωi, RBj) for each element in Ω4 (or a subset). It will be appreciated that signalling may take place in various ways, including the transmission of the identifier of the/each selected terminal followed by the list of its related resource blocks, which could also be limited or fixed in number to limit complexity; the downlink signalling will trigger the uplink transmission of the requested CSI.
[0092] In various embodiments, wherein selection may be based on a best-M CQI signalling strategy, with the DL signalling corresponding to step 28 operating as follows. The base station transmits in the DL just the identifiers {ωi} of the user terminals {ωi}, .E-backward.(ωi, RBj)εΩ4, or a subset thereof. This could also correspond to a single bit per user terminal within a signalling word, where the bit is set or reset to enable or disable detailed CSI feedback. The user terminal identifier could also be transmitted together with a user-terminal specific resource block count indicating how many resource blocks are considered candidates after the selection for that user terminal. In this case every user terminal would transmit in the UL the detailed CSI corresponding to the all or a subset of the resource blocks it has previously signalled the CQI value for.
[0093] In the following, one exemplary practical design for the feedback is considered, by assuming that selection is based on best-M CQI signalling with M=4. The base station during step 28 transmits two bits (b1ib2i) for every active user terminal, where:
{ b 1 i = 1 ⇄ { ω i } , .E-backward. ( ω i , RB j ) .di-elect cons. Ω 4 b 1 i = 0 otherwise { b 2 i = 1 θ i = 1 b 2 i = 0 θ i = 2 ##EQU00007##
[0094] Then each user terminal ωi will implement the UL signalling step 30 by transmitting the CSI for the θi resource blocks that it associates with the best CSI values.
[0095] Once reconstructed the detailed CSI for the candidate pairs (ωi, RBj), i.e. the "surviving" pairs resulting from the selection, in a step 32, the base station will proceed with scheduling and computation of the final MU-MIMO precoded signal for DL transmission.
[0096] As indicated, this may occur by resorting to a known precoding technique/arrangement, possibly involving mutual co-operation of the scheduling processes 32 and 40.
[0097] For instance, the scheduling process 32 may "dump" certain users (or pairs) towards the process 40. Co-operation of the scheduling processes 32 and 40 may involve cross-scheduler optimization.
[0098] As indicated, the order of certain steps in the exemplary procedure of FIG. 2 may be optionally changed.
[0099] For instance, by altering the order of the pre-selection steps we can imagine the following embodiments:
[0100] (speed--step 14)->(max bit rate--step 16)->(DoA and AS--step 26)->(per-RB CQI--step 22)
[0101] (max bit rate--step 16)->(speed--step 14)->(per-RB CQI--step 22)->(DoA and AS--step 26)
[0102] leading to several possible combinations.
[0103] In various embodiments, the pre-selection step 22 based on per-RB CQI is always present, while the other selection steps 14, 16 and 26 are optional.
[0104] Consequently, without prejudice to the underlying principles of the invention, the details and the embodiments may vary, even appreciably, with respect to what has been described by way of example only, without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the annexed claims.
Patent applications by Paolo Priotti, Torino IT
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No front strut brace?
Noticed in the engine bay pics there is no conspicuous strut brace hoop between the strut pillars....was there no need?
Or is there one built in underneath?
Or is this a post mopar performance accessory to stoke the aftermarket?
It would be great if Mopar made some specific Jeep performance products for after the sale.
Re: No front strut brace?
it speaks in the intro how much stiffer the chasis is from the wk----wk2. I guess it really wasnt needed. Im sure it will be something the aftermarket jumps on....
Re: No front strut brace?
The WK2 chassis is 146% stiffer than the WK and I'm sure if this would have needed one it would be on it from the factory.
Re: No front strut brace?
did the srt8 wk2 show one in the recent unveil?
Re: No front strut brace?
Re: No front strut brace?
Re: No front strut brace?
^^^^^^^^ then you prolly dont need one :lol:
Re: No front strut brace?
Of you check the suspension out you'll see this IS NOT a strut suspension vehicle but a dual A arm. The top of the shock tower is not loaded side to side hence no need for a strut brace.
Re: No front strut brace?
No it's not a strut design but still has a spring/shock unit loading into the "strut" towers ;)
The new body's stifness is the real reason it's not required.
Aftermarket will sell heaps though...... sparkle sparkle :)
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text: Gas Sensor Co Detector Aj-935 - Anka sci-tech co.,limited Rt Toggle navigation TRADE DEALS Products Companies Product Company Search LOGIN E-mail Password Remember me Join Free JOIN FREE HomeAgriculture Automobile & Motorcycles Gas Sensor Co Detector Aj-935 PRICE: contract price Product Description ANKA Sci-Tech Co.,Limited is one of the leading China co detector aj-935 manufacturers and suppliers, and also a professional company equipped with productive factory, we are always able to offer you cheap or low price co detector aj-935 with reliable quality.why choose us1).2000 square meters factory, have capability to supply wide range of products2).Good quality control ,with competitive prices.3).Prompt delivery.4).Good after-sales service.5).No Minimum order quantity limited.OEM and ODM are also accepted.6).We locate in Shenzhen of China, easy for export.Product DescriptionSpecificationsLCD portable lpg leak detector backup battery Main Feature1.High reliability sensor2.MCU processing adopted3.Auto-check indicator4.Sound Flash alarm output5.Designed to detect CO and natural gas, LPG6.SMT manufacture technology, good stability7.High accuracyTechnical SpecificationItemDescribtionOperating voltage9v batteryAlarm outputsound and flash alarm,N.O. or N.C.Alarm Level:gas10%LEL (0.5%)(5000PPM); CO 150PPMElectrify Time≤30sOperating Temperature-10°C to +55°COperating Humidity≤95% RHAlarm Density Error±10%Drivable accessariesElectromagnetic valve exhaust fanwith 9V Li battery back up Clear Picture: Our Services:1.We guarantee that all our items are "as stated" in their descriptions. We strive for 100% customer satisfaction on every sale we complete.2.We are manufacture, there is no middle man, no high markup, so we can provide quality items yet very competitive price.3.If you have any questions please contact us first, most are responded with in 12 business hoursPaymnet:1.T/T2.West Union3.Trade Assurance4.PaypalShipmet1,all package can sent by FedEx/DHL/UPS/EMS, based on customer requires.2,Freight By Sea to Any nearnest port of customer country.3,Freight by Air to airport of import country.Company InformationANKA is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the whole process of Research, Development, Manufacture and Marketing security alarm products. With the company policy of "Innovative technology, Makes safe life" and the responsibility of "Progress for protecting people's safety", FQA1.Quality of our company.We are the manufacturer of alarm system for more than 10 years, we are full of experience and technology.2.Quality of our products.Our engineers who ever worked in a very famous company of alarm system, all the products must be strictly inspected before selling.3.Quality of our services.All of our products have a full two-year warrantyand low repair rate.4.Quality of our shippment.We arrange the shippment as soon as we get the payment, fastly and professionally.5.Quality of our sales representatives.Truly, Warmly, Patiently, Professionally. Other products Conventional fire alarm control panel aj-s1002 Price: contract price Door or window magnetic aj-oc55 Price: contract price Laser beams detector abe Price: contract price Conventional fire alarm control panel aj-s1016 Price: contract price Company Info Anka sci-tech co.,limited Rt Contact Person: xiansheng jin Phone: 86-0755-89603006 Contact now × Contact form Your name: Your E-mail: Your Phone: Subject: Enter a message: Close


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Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
The Lion And The Wolff
Features of This Trackblock piano chords
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Image Credit : Times Media
Beirut, Lebanon (30 November 2016) — The Hardy Boys, a J. Walter Thompson Company, and their client, SA Home Loans, were honoured at Financial Mail's recent Ad Focus Awards in Johannesburg, winning the industry's top accolade for local business partnership. The Partnership of the Year Award celebrates an agency/client partnership that has mastered marketing challenges with innovation and focus to create proven business results.
Based in Durban, South Africa, The Hardy Boys and SA Home Loans began collaborating nearly ten years ago, when The Hardy Boys re-launched SA Home Loans to the local market. Since then, the two companies have forged a deep partnership, surmounting economic challenges such as the sub-prime crash of 2008. The unique relationship has ensured business objectives have been met on both sides of the partnership equation. In the case of The Hardy Boys, it has seen the core agency team remain active on the account for close to a decade. The strong relationship between client and agency counterparts across strategic, creative and servicing teams, has allowed an open and rewarding experience for all.
Commenting on the award, Crispin Harrison, Director of Sales and Marketing, SA Home Loans said, "We have always valued The Hardy Boys' understanding of our business at every level, from initially relaunching our brand, to their ability to adapt and address the reality of some very real challenges our industry has faced over the years. This award just confirms and recognizes that. It's well deserved and we are proud to be part of it."
Dale Tomlinson, CEO of The Hardy Boys added, "This award is a testament to our history of true partnership and mutual success. It's a special privilege to work with a client such as SA Home Loans, who embraces our belief of true collaboration, allowing us to be part of their team, rather than merely a supplier. While our passion as an agency is to craft great work, we are always mindful of our client's business objectives. What we bring to the table must meaningfully impact their results. SA Home Loans' "part of the team" philosophy has allowed us to work together on proposing new product offerings and other marketing initiatives which have driven demonstrable business success."
About The Hardy Boys
The Hardy Boys is a full service, multidisciplinary, channel neutral agency, made up of a group of idea generators, strategic thinkers and passionate problem solvers. We help brands and businesses find answers and their voice in the market place. We live by the three key values of 'curiosity', 'collaboration' and 'courage' and these drive our approach to every challenge. We are proud to not simply be a South African agency operating in Durban South Africa – but a multi-disciplined African brand-building consultancy headquartered in Durban, South Africa
J. Walter Thompson Company was founded in 1864 and has been making pioneering solutions that build enduring brands and business for more than 150 years. Today the company has evolved to include several global networks including J. Walter Thompson Worldwide, Mirum and Colloquial.
In the Middle East and Africa, J. Walter Thompson is one of the leading communication agencies in the region with 27 offices in 24 markets. The MEA region is structured to deliver communication based business solutions across all channels needed to successfully deliver the marketing plan. For more information, please visit us www.jwt.com/mea and follow us @jwtmea


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Do you have a favorite font? I always struggle with what to use when I blog. I like something that is easy on the eyes but has some flair to it, without being gaudy. This font is called BakerSignet BT – I kind of like it.
So as you can tell by the title of this post, not a bad day just average. It was crazy busy this morning. The afternoon saw a little bit of calm so I could catch my breath and then the blast hit and it was quitting time. More work awaits tomorrow.
I got a call from my friend the boss who is in charge of my friend that I referred. She asked me what is with all of the personal phone calls. I said I don't understand, so she repeated it. Turns out it was a rhetorical question. I never have gotten those. Anyway, she was telling me all about it. So I asked her at the end of the day if she spoke with her. She said no because when I went to look for her she had left for the day. I have told her from the get go that this wouldn't work. As much as I don't like to see anyone fired, it sounds like it would be in the best interest of everyone. However, my friend the boss is still mulling over her options but realizes that sooner or later it will probably come to that. My friend that I referred was extra quiet today. Normally I get like 5 or 10 text messages and a dozen or so IM's. One e-mail and One IM, both business related. I was impressed.
See the think that irks us both is that she is not really putting the best foot forward. She was late on her first day, late on the second day, took an hour for lunch on the third day, requested time off within the first week, tried to work from home in the second week. Then she has all of these demands like an iPod, Laptop, Cell Phone, Office, New Chair, Cordless Keyboard & Mouse, Speakers and the list just goes on. Why would you act this way or even ask for all of these things when you are new and entering a company in an average position, where you are NOT an executive and NOT a manager or supervisor. It just makes no sense to me. If I behaved this way I would expect that I would be fired within days. Apparently the princess doesn't understand that you shouldn't behave this way.
Delivered the information to the attorney. Got an e-mail response. We are talking Thursday after work, I am going to his office. I asked if it was good or bad news. He said neither. He was speaking with a neurologist today about the case. He will be able to answer my questions as well as give me an update on where things are at. We are still in the pending area, meaning it could go either way case or no case. I really hopefully want there to be a case. Not only because I need the money but because I firmly believe that things would be different if the first ER physician would have acted more responsibly and done what I consider to be the right thing, despite it being contraindicated.
Went to the vet to pickup an Rx for my girl. They didn't have it ready. So I had to wait around but finally got it. She wont' like me when I give it to her. Cats and pills well they just don't mix. Big Boy was showing signs of not feeling well. I gave him a jolt of medicine to hopefully help him out. I know what I can get away with and use my best judgment in treating him. It's almost time for another checkup. He doesn't have scheduled visits, we just go back when I feel it's time. I think we are getting close to going back. I don't expect good news but he still has a lot of life left in him. He shows so much affection. In fact he is due for a bath so I will be headed up to take care of that.
Met the new girl today. She is already overwhelmed but she will get the hang of things with a little time. She is in for a hell of a ride but I can't tell her that. I want to let her know about who to trust and who to avoid, etc. However, it's better to let her make her own assumptions first and then fill her in later. I have no idea what type of person she is. Today being her first day and the brief interactions we had I can't tell much.
Well time to prepare for yet another day of fun. Going up to pack my lunch and take care of Big Boy. Then it will be medicine time for 3 kids and me. Then I can struggle with what I should watch to wind down.
Oh before I go the good folks at TLA Video gave me a complimentary subscription to OUT Magazine. I got my first issue tonight. Kind of a welcome surprise. Especially since I haven't bought anything from TLA in years. Maybe this was a way of enticing me back, who knows. I just appreciate the kind gesture.
Hope you enjoyed your Monday. Now 4 more days and we have the weekend again. I'm ready, how about you? Talk with you peeps later.


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Nurse Jackie
If Nurse Jackie starts her day with this, it's got to be good for you, right?
We recently brought you our 10 best TV medics. Here, we present your thoughts on who should have made the list
With Jed Mercurio's real-time hospital drama Critical arriving on Sky1, we examine TV's top doctors and nurses
As Nurse Jackie returns, Sam Delaney picks the sisters who get under our skin
Last week we brought you our 10 best British actors on American TV. Here we present your thoughts on more standout performers who deserved to make the list
Andrew Collins: Telly addict The week in TV: Fresh Meat, Hunderby, Modern Family and Nurse Jackie - video
Telly addict Andrew Collins samples the current crop of TV comedy offerings
The search is on for the paragon of Jewish mums – but they've got eight mothers from hell, writes John Crace
Eve Best is famous for her role as glamorous Dr O'Hara in Nurse Jackie. But she made her name in Jacobean theatre – and she is back in London for more, writes Kate Kellaway
With her increasingly erratic behaviour it's becoming difficult to see Jackie as a sympathetic character. Are you still addicted?
Andrew Collins: Telly addict The Week in TV: Falling Skies, Secrets of the Pop Song and Nurse Jackie - video
Andrew Collins boldly ventures into FX's apocalyptic alien invasion drama Falling Skies, joins BBC2 in search of Secrets of the Pop Song and gets his fix of Nurse Jackie, now on Sky Atlantic
In recent years, Edie Falco has become a mother and fought a very private battle with breast cancer. She tells Hermione Hoby how Carmela Soprano and Nurse Jackie have helped her stay strong
BSkyB snatches US comedy drama from BBC2. By Jason Deans
Your next box set: Edie Falco's tough, hard-working Nurse Jackie administers a double dose of emotion and humour
Richard Vine: Do the latest 30-minute US dramas prove that short is sweet– or does a running time of half an hour equal only half a drama?
Pill-popping role as Nurse Jackie has helped the former Sopranos star bury her demons
Nurse Marva Blake doesn't think Nurse Jackie is realistic at all, apart from the fact that Edie Falco's character has a bad back
Kenneth Branagh's Swedish detective is positively Shakespearean, Lynda La Plante's latest is no Prime Suspect and you'll be chasing Edie Falco's Nurse Jackie around the schedules, writes Phil Hogan
Rebecca Nicholson: BBC2 is giving Edie Falco's dark comedy-drama the five-nights-a-week treatment, and it's well worth a try


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For media information, interviews and images contact:
Emma Heath, Powerhouse Museum M: 0413 768 588 E: email@example.com
Sydney Design is back! Opening on 30 July, Sydney Design 2011 (SD11) features over 90 design exhibitions and events across the city. This year's theme – Is Old New Again, offers audiences a creative and spirited look at the collision between tradition and innovation, heritage and experimentation.
SD11 is produced by the Powerhouse Museum in partnership with more than 50 cultural institutions, organisations and individuals. This year's signature exhibition, Love Lace, is a spectacular, ground- breaking exhibition of contemporary lace works by artists and designers from around the world showcasing lace design in ways never before seen or imagined.
"We are delighted with this year's program which showcases the amazing ways artists and craftspeople are being inspired by traditional crafts and where old skills are given spectacular, new creative twists," said Dr Dawn Casey, Director, Powerhouse Museum.
"I am particularly excited about Love Lace, and delighted the Museum can showcase to our visitors the works of so many ingenious international and national artists."
SD11 attracts those with a personal and professional love of design, providing visitors with an insight into design processes, functions and narratives as well as illustrating innovative and bold design solutions.
In addition to the Love Lace exhibition, the Museum will host the Love Lace International Symposium: Not just a thread and Master Classes. Featuring select artists from the Love Lace exhibition, the SD11 Symposium and Master Classes offer audiences a unique insight into contemporary design techniques and skills developed by leading design artists.
"We are living in a world where change is so rapid that our notions of 'normal' are constantly shifting," said Lily Katakouzinos, Sydney Design manager, Powerhouse Museum.
"In all areas of design from product design to architecture, fashion and graphic design, practitioners everywhere are mining tradition and marrying cutting edge technology with an artisanal and human sensibility. You can see it in media, food, popular culture and the arts – but nowhere is this more pronounced than in the world of design."
Highlights of Sydney Design 2011 at the Powerhouse Museum include:
Love Lace – from 30 July
A magnificent display of 130 contemporary lace works by 134 artists and designers from 20 countries showcase lace design in ways never before seen or imagined.
Love Lace International Symposium: Not Just a Thread – 30 July 14 participating lace artists/practitioners in a one-day symposium.
Joep and Jeroen Verhoeven, the contemporary Dutch design team from Demakersvan, described as design storytellers, from fantasy to factory, from statement to product.
Helen Pynor – prominent Australian artist living in the UK whose work combines philosophy and science with visual arts.
Panel discussion: What is lace?
Sculptor, Ingrid Morley (Australian)
Textiles designer, Douglas McManus (Australian)
Tapestry artist, Diana Brennan (Australian living in France)
Facilitator: Liz Williamson
Local and international artist talks with Anne Mondro, Rina Bernabei, Kelly Freeman, Kim Lieberman, Janis Savage, Lauran Sundin and Rosemary Shepherd.
Lace Master Classes – 31 July
A day with international artists featured in the Love Lace exhibition and offering insights into cutting-edge lace practices.
Bobbin Lace Jewellery with Lauran Sundin (USA) Lauran Sudin's 'Typhoon', piece, turns delicate gold wire into stable mesh forms with architectural integrity. Visitors to this master class will learn the techniques in making a brooch from stainless steel, gold wire and sterling silver beads.
Ancient hand-weaving techniques with Mavis Ganambarr (Elcho Island, NT) Mavis Ganambarr, a Yolngu woman demonstrates ancient hand-weaving techniques reminiscent of traditional needle lace. This class offers an insight into the vibrant history and range of processes used by Aboriginal weavers. Participants will weave a coil basket and mat from native pandanus leaves.
Design for laser cutting with Douglas McManus (Australia) An opportunity to explore design for laser technology. This class is ideal for designers who incorporate textile, metal, wood, plastics or paper in producing design works.
Knitted and Looped – 30 July – 10 August UK artist Shane Waltener constructs a large-scale installation at the Powerhouse Museum where adults, children and families, primary and secondary students are invited to contribute via dynamic workshops with the artist.
Kids Design Weekend – 30 – 31 July Young designers can take part in activities including working with paper engineer, Benja Harney, creating evocative cards using a nifty paper-lace technique; making a lace bookmark or friendship band, or join a Knitted and Looped workshop with Shane Waltener.
Teacher/student programs Art and design students and teachers can attend the professional development day for teachers of Textile and Design (6 August), or partake in a range of connected classroom initiatives involving curators and artists as well as access a suite of lace resource materials. Students can also book a workshop with artist, Shane Waltener (primary students, 1 & 2 August, secondary students, 3 August).
International guest speaker, Valerie Steele – 3 August In partnership with Art Monthly and UTS School of Design, prominent fashion scholar, Valerie Steele, Director and Chief Curator of the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York, will speak to the Sydney Design theme "is old new again" with particular attention to the relationship between art and fashion.


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Waitrose - aren't they meant to be one of the more ethical supermarkets, a green leader? Well in many ways they are – Greenpeace's oceans team has worked closely with Waitrose in the past to help them source their fish more sustainably and we know many of those who shop at Waitrose, do so to make an ethical choice.
But back in April we were shocked to learn that Waitrose had a new friend, and that this friend, Shell, was one of the most destructive and exploitative oil companies in the world.
Greenpeace are campaigning hard to save the Arctic from oil drilling. The Arctic is one of the last remaining wild places on the planet, and a vitally important eco-system, home to unique species such as polar bears, narwhals and Arctic foxes. But due to global warming caused by the burning of fossil fuels, the Arctic is melting fast, and oil companies – led by Shell - are moving in fast, seeing the melting ice as an opportunity to extract the oil which lies below.
An oil spill in this fragile environment would be a disaster for the creatures that live there, and also for the 5 million people who call it home. Their rivers, land and the food they eat would be wrecked by an oil spill, destroying their way of life that has existed for thousands of years. In a BBC article this week about the threat from oil drilling to indigenous communities in Alaska, where Shell tried and failed to drill this summer, Pete Slaiby – Vice President of Shell – said 'there's no sugar coating it, there will be spills'.
So why has Waitrose, a company that cares about both the global environment and the local communities its stores operate in, embarked on a partnership with Shell, and begun to open Waitrose stores on their petrol station forecourts?
We have written to Waitrose three times since April, but their only response so far was to say: "Shell assures me that they intend to meet US legislation and will operate with respect for the environment and people who live in the Arctic". But Shell has already breached US guidelines this summer, when their ship the Arctic Challenger was found to be responsible for four illegal fluid discharges. And there is no safe way to operate in the Arctic, unpredicatable weather, ice and lack of infrastructure means that oil spills are likely, and in the event of a major blowout, clean-up would be almost impossible.
So today Greenpeace are launching a new part of our Arctic campaign – we're asking Waitrose to dump Shell and help save the Arctic from oil drilling.
This Christmas, Waitrose are using their advertising to promote their 'Community Matters' scheme where customers in stores receive tokens, and can 'vote' which local charity Waitrose will donate money to. This Christmas we urge Waitrose to also remember communities on the other side of the world, who risk having their lives destroyed because of Shell's oil drilling. Please Waitrose, stay green this Christmas and end the partnership with Shell.


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Recently, there has been much talk in the local media about the redesign of Valley View Mall in Dallas. Beck Ventures purchased the property in April, and over the next 10 years, the company plans to convert the mall in to an urban development with retail and residences, under the name of "Dallas Midtown." The first step in property owner Scott Beck's revitalization plan is to bring people back to Valley View Mall. One of several points in that first step is a monthly food truck festival, the Midtown Food Truck Fest.
To date, 21 trucks have been confirmed for the July 20-22 festival: Cajun Tailgators, Crazy Fish, Coolhaus, Cup-Cakin, Dos Paisanos, Dough Boys Pizza, Eat Jo Dawgs, Enticed, Gandolfo's New York Deli, Jack's Chowhound, Lee's Grilled Cheese, Nammi, Potato Potahto, Rockstar Bakeshop, The Butcher's Son, Yes Taco, Yum Yum, The Bomb Fried Pies, Chile Pepper Grill, Cruzin Chef, and Austin truck, Chi'lantro Korean BBQ.
I was able to visit Valley View and see the layout of the festival and hear some of the long-term plans that Beck has for connecting the food trucks to the mall. The Midtown Food Truck Fest will be held the third weekend of every month. Proceeds from admission to the fest will be given to a local charity each month. July's charity is Dress for Success, an organization that provides professional attire, networking support and career development tools for disadvantaged women.
The monthly event will have a unique layout, with an indoor/outdoor setup. The food trucks will be outdoors, under the cover of the J.C. Penney parking structure. No standing in the hot sun at this festival! On Wednesday, when I was at the mall at 1 p.m., it was at least 15 degrees cooler under the garage than it was in the sun. Misters and large fans will also keep the heat at bay under the garage.
The festival events will take place inside the mall. The majority of the first floor of the mall will be in festival mode, with tables and chairs; DJs or live bands will be providing music all weekend. Bounce houses, a mechanical bull and other activities will keep the kids entertained. On Saturdays, the mall has also been holding "Arts Fest," to showcase the Gallery at Midtown, a space where artists can rent studios and they, along with other local artists, will be exhibiting their art work.
A new twist to this fest is that food will be purchased with tickets. All food prices on the trucks will be rounded up to the whole dollar and tickets will be sold for $1 each, from ticket booths. The bounce houses, mechanical bull and other activities will also use tickets for access. Additionally, several of the mall's existing restaurants will be accepting tickets, if you or someone in your group would rather eat at one of those locations.
The CBS Radio Group, which includes Jack FM, KLUV, 103.7 Lite FM, MEGA 107.5, KRLD and Indie Verse are all supporting the Midtown Food Truck Fest, and several of the stations will be broadcasting live at various times over the three-day weekend. Jack FM will also be sponsoring some Test Kitchens, which will be located in the Valley View Food Court. I'll have many more details about that in the coming weeks, but expect to start seeing some of your favorite food trucks set up and sell in these test kitchens on a monthly basis.
Stay posted for details of each month's Midtown Food Truck Fest; the trucks and activities will change each month.


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Hyland's, Ferrum Phos 6X, #4, 500 Tablets
Hyland's, Ferrum Phos 6X, #4, 500 Tablets
- You earn loyalty credit for every order you place at iHerb!
- Loyalty credit is equal to 5% of the value of your order, excluding shipping charges.
- Your loyalty credit will be applied towards your next order as soon as your current order has shipped.
- Your loyalty credits are valid for up to 60 days from the date of your last purchase.
Shipping Weight:?0.12 lbsSwitch to Metric units
- Product Code: HYL-34311
- UPC Code: 354973343115
- Package Quantity: 500 Tablets
3.8 x 1.7 x 1.1 in, 0.1 lbsSwitch to Metric units
|Combo Discount:
|- $4.00
- Homeopathic
- Fevers, Inflammation, Colds
Relief of symptoms of fevers and congestion/head colds. Relieves the first stages of inflammations as with injury or illness (e.g., a stuffy nose).
Suggested Use
Adults & Children ages 6 - 12: 4 tablets. Children ages 2 - 6: 2 tablets. Dissolve under tongue 3 times a day. Use more frequently (every 15 minutes for up to 8 doses) with acute conditions.
Other Ingredients
Ferrum Phosphoricum 6X HPUS in a base of Acacia Gum, Lactose N.F.
Do not use if imprinted cap band is broken or missing. If symptoms persist for more than 7 days or worsen, contact a licensed health care provider. Discontinue use if symptoms are accompanied by a high fever (over 101ºF). If you are pregnant or nursing, seek the advice of a licensed health care provider before using this product. Keep all medications out of the reach of children.


text:
- Find a Home
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We couldn't find the property you were looking for,
but check out these other properties in this zip code:
|Single Family: $3,500,000
5 Beds | 7.00 Baths | 9,727 sq. ft.
This Grand Manor is the perfect setting with or without horses. Private and tranquil setting features a majestic home convenient to the highways, the country clubs ( Turner Hill, Ipswich and Ferncroft), the ocean or land a helicopter right on your own property. This home is for the creative and deserving owner. Make your appointment today for your private tour of home and grounds. Horse lovers: property provides stables, ...
|Single Family: $1,545,000
5 Beds | 5.00 Baths | 5,579 sq. ft.
1820 Crowninshield Estate on Witch Hill - Estate Setting - Rolling lawns, Mature trees. Elegant Georgian Manor Home offers flying curved staircase, Rose fluted columns, 5 fireplaces w/wonderful wood carved mantels, Renovated 12 Rooms, 5 bedroom, 5.5 baths, abutting 80 acres of conservation land. Pool, cabana, pastures, & 8 stall Carriage house. Great for Horse enthusiast/ Extended family! This offering includes (1) ...
|Single Family: $1,250,000
5 Beds | 5.00 Baths | 5,579 sq. ft.
1820 Crowinshield Estate on Witch Hill. Estate Setting with Georgian Manor Home on 4.7 acres- 12 Rooms 5 bedroom 5.5 baths, Renovated, pool, pasture, with additional Acres for sale: ( 2 ) 4 Bedroom lots- 4 acres each available - one with 4 bedroom Carriage House or Stables -8 Stall plus! Great for Horse enthusiast or Extended family! See MLS # 71237948 & 71237949 for additional info.
|Single Family: $1,075,000
4 Beds | 4.00 Baths | 4,667 sq. ft.
Luxury dream home in desirable Ferncroft Estates.Enjoy comfortable living & easy entertaining in this custom home featuring 4 Bedrooms & 4.5 baths.Main floor includes formal LR & DR,home office, custom kitchen w/stainless steel & granite, FamRoom & Great room share floor to ceiling stone FP.Privacy in the upstairs bedrooms, a bath for each room, & master suite w/FP in sitting room.Entertain in lower level, includes built-...
|Single Family: $1,050,000
4 Beds | 3.00 Baths | 4,494 sq. ft.
Deep Well Farm is a gracious custom built Plantation Cape on 4.97 acres including 2.82 acre buildable lot.Features incl.high ceilings,lg windows,crown moldings,wainscotting,a charming wrap around front porch plus an enclosed 3 season porch leading to brick patio.1st floor mstr w/bay window overlooks extensive grounds.Family area w/custom kitchen,butler's pantry,breakfast room, & family room w/many built-ins.Separate stai...
|Single Family: $925,000
4 Beds | 3.00 Baths | 4,494 sq. ft.
Deep Well Farm is a gracious custom built Plantation Cape on 2.15 acres.Features incl.high ceilings,lg windows,crown moldings,wainscotting,a charming wrap around front porch plus an enclosed 3 season porch leading to brick patio.1st floor mstr w/bay window overlooks extensive grounds.Family area w/custom kitchen,butler's pantry,breakfast room, & family room w/many built-ins.Separate staircase leads to very lg playroom/of...
|Single Family: $924,999
4 Beds | 3.00 Baths | 4,254 sq. ft.
Fantastic custom property located in private Ferncroft country-club neighborhood within 30 minutes easy commute to downtown Boston or Plum Island beaches via Rt 1 and I95 which are just minutes away. This stunning well maintained, modern home features the best in indoor and outdoor living spaces with an open floor plan, glowing hardwood floors, maple cabinetry and granite. The custom pool, pool house, jacuzzi, & built-in ...
|Single Family: $799,000
5 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,498 sq. ft.
Hempstead Acres is unique & private in one of Topsfield's most loved neighborhoods. Walk down the street to town ,schools, library,and/or catch the commuter bus to Boston. This historic home retains its heritage while tastefully incorporating many updates and improvements. Ideally situated, this sun-filled property offers 9+ acres of rolling lawns, meadows. Walk out the back door to pick apples,peaches & pears. A complete...
|Single Family: $795,000
5 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,300 sq. ft.
This magnificent property is located in one of Topsfields most most desirable areas. If you love nature, peace, quiet and privacy youll appreciate this 8 acre parcel set back from the road and abutting the Ipswich River. You never need to leave the privacy of your home to enjoy nature, but you are less than a mile from the Ipswich River Wildlife Sanctuary and 4 miles to the 721 acre Bradley Palmer State Park. You have...
|Single Family: $775,000
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 3,718 sq. ft.
m; Simply beautiful & elegant describe this 4 bdrm, 2 1/2 bath Col. located in Morningside River Estates. The familyroom features cathedral ceiling, gas fireplace & large window to view sunsets. Large eat-in kitchen with granite island, hardwood floors, home office with built-in's, large bedrooms, including a master suite with tray ceiling, "Jacuzzi" tub & 2 walk in closets. Enjoy the warmth of a very special all s...
|Single Family: $774,900
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 3,433 sq. ft.
Wonderful classic colonial features four bedrooms, luxurious master suite 3.5 baths, large family room and a 3 car garage. Located on a cul-de-sac and surrounded by open space. This is an ideal location!!!
|Single Family: $765,000
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,966 sq. ft.
Wonderful small estate in ideal location. Two story barn with with heat, power, workshop and stalls. Second barn with potting shed and greenhouse with heat, water, power. Extensive perennial gardens and scenic open yards. Inside, very pleasing proportions, 7 fireplaces, butler's pantry, office, sunroom and potential library create warm and inviting home. Walk to town and trails. Suitable for horses.
|Single Family: $724,900
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 3,038 sq. ft.
Outstanding Dover model home in a NEW neighborhood. Convenient to commuter routes, Topsfield Village and North Shore amenities, this 4 bedroom Colonial features a great floor plan for todays lifestyle! Wood flooring throughout the 1st floor, spacious family room with gas fireplace and sliders to deck, gas heat and central air conditioning, 2nd floor laundry room,exquisite master suite with sitting area, large master bath ...
|Single Family: $724,900
6 Beds | 3.00 Baths | 4,696 sq. ft.
Move into this Tasteful, Inviting Colonial tucked in a fabulous nghbrhd on 8.9 acres with beautiful walking paths, conv. to center of town & major highways. Open Kit w/island, SS appl, granite counters, formal Dining & Living Room, 1st fl Office, spac Family Room, 3 Seas Porch. 2nd floor 6 Bedrooms including a luxurious Master Bedroom overlooking natural woodlands. Add'l Bonus Room w/fl Bath over 3 car Garage. Many amenit...
|Single Family: $709,900
3 Beds | 3.00 Baths | 4,541 sq. ft.
NEW PRICE Ferncroft Country Club, MAGNIFICENT Home 17th fairway. Best Priced Home in Topsfield 2+ private acres cul-de-sac, This charming home features abundant amenities. Cathedral ceilings,skylights, sunken living Rm + family Rm, 2 gas fireplaces,stainless kitchen w/granite floor+counters + walk-in pantry. Elegant foyer, formal sweeping staircase + loft with parkay flr. Lovely screened porch + deck,large exercise rm in...
|Single Family: $699,900
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 3,348 sq. ft.
Exceptional new construction in a NEW neighborhood. Convenient to commuter routes, Topsfield Village and North Shore amenities, this 4 bedroom Colonial features a great floor plan for todays lifestyle! Wood flooring throughout the 1st floor, spacious family room with gas fireplace and sliders to deck, gas heat and central air conditioning, 2nd floor laundry room,exquisite master suite with sitting area, large master bath ...
|Single Family: $689,900
5 Beds | 3.00 Baths | 3,600 sq. ft.
A quiet country road! Hard to find 5 bedroom 4 level Colonial built in 2005, with state of the art kitchen featuring granite countertops, side by side refrigerator, double dishwashers, cherry cabinets, hardwood flooring on entire first level and master bedroom, three full baths, and finished lower level with walk out - not included in living space. Four zone heating system. Sprawling deck overlooking a large flat ya...
|Single Family: $635,000
3 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 3,000 sq. ft.
NEW PRICING OPTIONS: Located in most desirable estate area of Topsfield w/extensive perrenial/specimen gardens;approx. 3,000sq. colonial on over 2ac. w/easy access to major shopping/highways;wide plank flooring;open flr. plan boasting of French&Pocket drs. for room separation; lower level cobblestone patio w/sliding doors to basement; lg. 2 1/2 story carriage house/garage for cars, tractor, hay;3 stall barn w/elec./water;...
|Single Family: $619,000
4 Beds | 3.00 Baths | 3,338 sq. ft.
Welcome to Topsfield, voted one of the Best Towns to Live by Boston Magazine. This Beautiful 12 Room Multi Level Home Offers Plenty of Room for the Expanded Family. With 3.5 Bathrooms, Lower Level Family Room and Game Room makes for an Ideal Situation for Entertaining and Family Life. Located on a Cul-de-Sac Street you will be able to Walk to Downtown or to the Ipswich Wildlife Audubon Society. Fantastic yard, Gunite...
|Single Family: $599,000
4 Beds | 4.00 Baths | 5,238 sq. ft.
Beautiful Colonial w/12 Rooms, four + bedrooms, 4.5 Baths,Master suite w/spa, Chef's Kitchen with /Granite counter tops & Stainless steel appliances. Lrg Deck off Kitchen overlooking wonderful treed lot.BONUS Au PAIR/Guest Suite/ Dramatic two story foyer with Flying Curved Stairway, Hardwood floors throughout, Radiant heat, exercise room, finished lower level with a 3 car garage. Spacious 3.5 acre lot set back down a p...
|Single Family: $579,000
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,460 sq. ft.
Lovely four bedroom colonial sits on over 3 acres and has been meticulously maintained. Spacious bright eat-in kitchen, hardwood floors, new four bedroom septic, new roof, corian counters in kitchen, updated baths, fireplaced living room open to screened porch, front to back fireplaced family room, mature plantings are some of the hallmarks of this home. Desirable neighborhood close to schools, town center, and highway.
|Single Family: $575,000
5 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,498 sq. ft.
The best of country living in this 5 BR home located in a very desireable neighborhood on a cul-de-sac. 3 season room offers extension of privacy and solitude with views of nature. Master BR with walk-in closet plus more. Extensive storage. 2 Ac with perenial gardens, raspberries,barn and paddock. A healthy environment for the family. This neighborhood is close to the highway for commuting.
|Single Family: $565,900
3 Beds | 3.00 Baths | 2,794 sq. ft.
If a picture is worth a thousand words, just look at the pictures. Four Rumford fireplaces, quality materials and workmanship; separate building for parties by the patio overlooking the park-like yard with private skating pond. Too many amenities to mention in this short space. Being sold with the additional land at 94 Ipswich Road, Topsfield (1.22 Ac.) totalling 4.70 acres. Horses permitted. Don't settle for status quo...
|Single Family: $549,000
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,768 sq. ft.
Custom Gambrel, meticulously maintained. Formal DR and LR with hardwood flooring. Deck off fireplaced FR with hardwood floor, eat-in kitchen with custom cabinets, granite and rolling island. Bonus room off FR. 8 ceilings. Custom woodwork, crown molding, Custom mantel, built-in bookcase. Heated and paneled full basement. Large 18 x 39 walk-in storage room off bedroom for future expansion. ¼ mile from Bradley Pa...
|Single Family: $539,900
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,605 sq. ft.
Beautiful Colonial featuring 4 bedrooms, 2.5 bathrooms along with an updated eat-in kitchen, formal dining,spacious fireplaced family and living rooms. Elegantly designed ,warm and welcoming feel for your family. Enjoy the sunroom overlooking the manicured lawn and the privacy from the composite deck. The second floor foyer opens to a master suite complete with master closet , tiled shower and dressing area. The finsihe...
|Single Family: $524,000
3 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,408 sq. ft.
Move right into this wonderful 3 bedroom home. This spacious colonial boasts hardwood floors, granite kitchen, living room leading to mahogany deck, large master suite with full bath and walk-in closet, central air and two car garage, to just name a few. In addition, an extra bonus features three rooms in the finished lower level great for a home office, playroom or extra bedroom. Four bedroom septic as well. OPEN THIS S...
|Single Family: $498,900
3 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 1,834 sq. ft.
Charming ranch on small cul de sac of lovely homes off desirable Alderbrook Drive neighborhood in south Topsfield with 2 acre zoning and town waterTile foyer.Kitchen has 12'X12' dining area open to deck.New W/W carpet in living room. Much of interior just repainted. Move-in condition. Flexible occupancy .New Title V approved septic to be installed by seller for closing.
|Single Family: $479,000
3 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,268 sq. ft.
Perfect cul-de-sac location for this lovingly maintained Gambrel Colonial. Eat-in kitchen with updated maple cabinets. Spacious living room and dining room, large master bedroom with double closets. Lots of hardwood, new roof in 2005 and boiler replaced in 2001 with available 3rd zone. Lower level 12x22 family room heated by wood stove. Inviting sunroom leads to a stone patio and beautifully landscaped backyard. Within...
|Single Family: $449,900
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,250 sq. ft.
OPEN HOUSE 5/20/12 1:00- 3:00pm. TOPSFIELD IS VOTED BY BOSTON MAGAZINE "ONE OF THE BEST PLACES TO LIVE IN 2012". This immaculate, surrounded with complete privacy, very well maintained 4 bed, 2.5 bath Raised Ranch w/glimmering h/w floors throughout. F/P front to back living/dining room w/ sliding door to the deck. MB w/private updated full bath and double closets. First floor F/P 26x15 family room, 4th bdr, laundry roo...
|Single Family: $449,000
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,500 sq. ft.
Welcome home to a bright, sun filled house located on a desirable Topsfield Cul-de-sac. You'll love the open concept Cherry Kitchen/Family Room with vaulted ceilings, skylight and wood stove, front to back Dining Room/Living Room w/fireplace, 4 generously sized bedrooms all with hardwood, Master Bath, and a Large fireplaced Lower Level Family Room. All this on a wooded 1.08 Acre Lot with a 2 car attached garage. Topsfield...
|Foreclosure: $388,406
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 0 sq. ft.
This property is a Lis Pendens. This is the initial document filed by an attorney or trustee on behalf of the foreclosing lender that starts the foreclosure process. This 0 square foot property has 0 bedroom(s) and 0 bath(s). The estimated loan balance is $388,406.00. To access more extensive information on this property click the 'more property detail' link below. You will need to register for full access. Information li...
|Single Family: $375,000
3 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,343 sq. ft.
Topsfield ~ voted one of the "Best Towns" to live in by Boston Magazine! Masconomet school system. This 1800's home on 40,032 s.f. of land is waitng for the right buyer to bring her back to it's original state. The home offers a large country kitchen with a wood stove. A great game room! The property also has an old barn. Immediate occupancy & Title V approved.
|Single Family: $375,000
3 Beds | 1.00 Bath | 1,632 sq. ft.
Topsfield named one of the "BEST TOWNS" to live in by Boston Magazine! 6 room 3 bedroom 2 car garage cape set on 1.48 acres in a neighborhood near Bradley Palmer State Park, Mass Audubon property,school, tennis courts and the Ipswich River.Family room has tongue and groove pine paneling and a wonderful fireplace with an indoor grill This home has a new 4 bedroom septic system and an updated 200 amp service. Immediate o...
|Single Family: $374,900
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,194 sq. ft.
8 Room, 4 Bedroom, 3 Bath, Garrison Colonial on over 2 acres, Property boasts Fireplaced Livingroom and Kitchen, Attached 2 car Garage, Screened Sunroom. Private Setting with Oversized Deck Overlooking Heated Gunite Pool. Bank of America or Merrill Lynch Pre-Approval required on all offers. Please allow 2-3 business days for seller response. Bank of America, N.A. employees and employees' household members of the Bank ar...
|Single Family: $369,000
3 Beds | 1.00 Bath | 1,932 sq. ft.
This ranch is set on a scenic road in one of the "Best Towns to Live In" according to Boston Magazine! One level of living and has had a make over! Wonderful fireplace in the eat in kitchen the heart of the home. Fantastic sunporch for your entertainment and the enjoyment of your property. Since taking ownership sellers have put in a heating system, insulated,painted,refinished the hardwood floors and new carpeting.
|Single Family: $364,900
2 Beds | 1.00 Bath | 932 sq. ft.
If you're looking for a unique property this is the perfect house! Quiet country setting for this charming home built on 2.3 acres in Topsfield. Wonderful location close to major routes. Features include hardwood floors, newer heating system, newer roof and a jacuzzi tub. Sit by the cozy gas fireplace or rock on the screened porch. Expansion possibilities and Title V approved.
|Multi-Family: $350,000
4 Beds | 3.00 Baths | 2,482 sq. ft.
Walk to town from this c1850 2 family Colonial in Topsfield. Excellent rental history. Each floor has 2 bedrooms plus a fireplace. Detached 2 car garage. Desirable Masconomet School District. House is heated by affordable natural gas! Needs a little TLC- Title V approved.
|Single Family: $345,000
3 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 1,944 sq. ft.
Wonderful 3 bedroom Cape in Topsfield - offers hard wood floods throughout, 2 full baths, county kitchen, dining room, fireplace living room, and three season room. 2 Stall horse barn, with 1.5acre lot. Close to town- a very unique property. This property is a short sale, needs 3rd party approval.- and is being sold as-is.
|Single Family: $339,900
3 Beds | 1.00 Bath | 1,492 sq. ft.
loads of potential!! Huge eat in kitchen, open floor plan, good sized rooms. Awesome heated sunroom!!! Basement that was started to be finished, bathroom and bedroom in place but not finished in basement. Good sized level lot. Main bath needs updating second bath updated but not working.
|Single Family: $339,900
3 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 1,492 sq. ft.
Well located 3 bedroom / 2 full bath Ranch near Topsfield center, shopping, schools and library. Easy access to Rt 95 or Rt 1. This home features hardwood floors, NEW windows, NEW siding, NEW gutters, NEW interior doors, NEW entrance doors, a newer roof, septic, heating system and updated electrical. This home is walking distance of the Town Beach as well as PyeBrook Park. Flat lot and circular driveway for your enjoyment...
|Single Family: $329,900
3 Beds | 1.00 Bath | 1,442 sq. ft.
A gem of a home!! Lovely 3 B/R cape in desirable neighborhood; Beautiful f/p living room with bay window; hardwood floors in L/R, and 1st floor bedrooms. Eat-in kitchen opens onto bright and airy sun room with sliders that open onto patio area. Some newer windows, newer heating system. 2nd Bathroom potential on 2nd floor Property SOLD AS IS.
|Single Family: $329,900
3 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 1,344 sq. ft.
Welcome to Topsfield! Well cared for home with hardwood floors and 2 fireplaces. Recent updates include roof, furnace, windows and carpeting in lower level. Private lot & two car garage. Masco School District & Title V approved.
|Foreclosure: $313,650
3 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 1,976 sq. ft.
This property is an REO (Real Estate Owned). This is the final step in the foreclosure process. Ownership has reverted to the lender. This 1976 square foot property has 3 bedroom(s) and 2 bath(s). The estimated sale price is $313,650.00. To access more extensive information on this property click the 'more property detail' link below. You will need to register for full access. Information listed with each property includi...
|Foreclosure: $308,061
4 Beds | 3.00 Baths | 2,668 sq. ft.
This property is an REO (Real Estate Owned). This is the final step in the foreclosure process. Ownership has reverted to the lender. This 2668 square foot property has 4 bedroom(s) and 3 bath(s). The estimated sale price is $308,061.00. To access more extensive information on this property click the 'more property detail' link below. You will need to register for full access. Information listed with each property includi...
|Foreclosure: $264,000
4 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 2,072 sq. ft.
This property is an REO (Real Estate Owned). This is the final step in the foreclosure process. Ownership has reverted to the lender. This 2072 square foot property has 4 bedroom(s) and 2 bath(s). The estimated sale price is $264,000.00. To access more extensive information on this property click the 'more property detail' link below. You will need to register for full access. Information listed with each property includi...
|Foreclosure: $246,786
2 Beds | 1.00 Bath | 1,338 sq. ft.
This property is an REO (Real Estate Owned). This is the final step in the foreclosure process. Ownership has reverted to the lender. This 1338 square foot property has 2 bedroom(s) and 1 bath(s). The estimated sale price is $246,786.00. To access more extensive information on this property click the 'more property detail' link below. You will need to register for full access. Information listed with each property includi...
|Single Family: $130,000
2 Beds | 2.00 Baths | 1,198 sq. ft.
This property cannot be sold for less than the current As Is value (List Price). No repair reimbursements or allowances and no home warranties.Title 5, inspections, smoke certificate, water readings, electric etc will be at the buyers expense. Seller will not contribute to buyers closing costs. Subject to 24 CFR 206.125. Pre-qualification required or proof of funds. Cash offers require 10% down payment. 60 day close. ...


text:
Pacific Rim Bureau (CNSNews.com) - Hong Kong's embattled leader received a ringing endorsement from Beijing at the weekend, despite the growing demands at home for greater democratization, accompanied by calls for him to resign.
Tung Chee-hwa visited the Chinese capital to report on a series of recent crises and seek support from his superiors in the face of a deep crisis over attempts to pass a law critics fear will undermine Hong Kong's political, religious and media freedoms.
He got the desired backing, with both the Chinese president and premier showing their public support for the man Beijing handpicked to administer the enclave after Britain handed it over to China six years ago.
Analysts said the open support indicated that Tung would continue to govern Hong Kong, putting to rest earlier speculation that China may replace him.
Tung has seen his popularity levels slide over unhappiness with his governing style as well as his policies -- especially his determination to push ahead with controversial anti-subversion legislation.
After many months of growing discontent, massive street protests this month finally forced him to delay temporarily a vote on the security bill, which Beijing is especially keen to see enacted.
Despite the reversal, for many Hong Kong residents the episode has underlined the importance of pushing for greater democracy -- and in particular for the right to directly elect their leaders.
Increasingly, criticism is being leveled at the "one country, two systems" formula under which China guaranteed that Hong Kong would retain its capitalist way of life for 50 years after the handover.
Beijing has offered Taiwan a similar deal for unification, although many Taiwanese have pointed to Hong Kong's experience as clear evidence of why they should never accept.
In Beijing, Tung's Chinese hosts stressed that stability in Hong Kong was imperative if its economy was not to suffer.
President Hu Jintao also warned against what he called "foreign forces" interfering in Hong Kong's internal affairs.
That may refer to the considerable international concern -- mainly from Britain and the U.S. -- that has been voiced about the anti-subversion bill's potential impact on civil liberties.
Prime Minister Tony Blair is to pay a visit to the territory this week. Facing a crisis of his own at home over the Iraq war and associated intelligence matters, he may see the trip as a good opportunity to make a strong statement of support for freedom in Hong Kong.
Commenting on the demands in Hong Kong for greater democracy and universal suffrage by 2008, Hu cautioned that its political system "must develop in an incremental and gradual manner."
"Hong Kong can only maintain its favorable business environment if it can maintain social stability," he added.
He praised Tung, saying he had made "important contributions" to Hong Kong's prosperity and stability.
Even before the recent mass protests, support for Tung has been dropping steadily in monthly Hong Kong University polls, from 54.5 points at the beginning of last year to 35.2 this month.
In another new HKU poll, 9.2 percent of respondents declared themselves satisfied with the Hong Kong government; 65.2 percent were dissatisfied; and 21.6 were "half-half."
By contrast, at the beginning of last year, 23.5 percent of respondents were satisfied; 37.4 percent dissatisfied; and 36.6 half-half.
At a media conference in Beijing, Tung voiced satisfaction that Hu and Premier Wen Jiabao had "emphasized that they have total confidence in me and the [Hong Kong] government."
Some analysts believe China is reluctant to replace Tung because that would reflect badly on it for the decision to install him in the first place.
According to Christine Loh of the independent think tank Civic Exchange, Beijing also did not want to be seen to be bowing to public pressure.
Also, just one year after it confirmed Tung for a second, five-year term, China had not had time to sound out possible replacements for him.
"Hence, Beijing is doing what it knows best, which is to show the strongest symbolic support when it knows the cookie is crumbling, while thinking about what it can do without outright controlling Hong Kong, which would destroy 'one country, two systems.'"
Leadership woes
Returning from Beijing, Tung also faces the challenge of patching up his administration.
Two of his ministers, one of whom was closely associated with the anti-subversion law, resigned last week.
A third minister said at the weekend she was also leaving, to take up a World Health Organization position.
Tung has undertaken to consult more widely and to learn from his mistakes.
But with the anti-subversion bill only temporarily delayed -- China at the weekend said does expected the legislation eventually to be passed -- pro-democracy campaigners expect further protests in the future.
Because of his unpopularity, some politicians have suggested that Tung hand over actual decision-making to a deputy while he assumes a more ceremonial post.
Roh of the Civic Exchange pointed out that Hong Kong's constitutional framework is not designed to allow that to happen.
She said many in Hong Kong believed that Tung had "over the last six years been turning Hong Kong into something they don't recognize."
"His decisions indicate a low level of professionalism, impulsive decision-making, favoritism, elitist arrogance based on wealth and not ability, poor use of talent, and policy conservatism."
See also:
Ministers Resign but Hong Kong's Political Crisis Continues (July 16, 2003)
Send a Letter to the Editor about this article.


text:
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