text:
Hello. My post today is my final demo reel. I still have to go through a review tomorrow, but I figured I'd post it anyways and see what you great artists think. Let me know and thank you for taking a look.
p.s. I didnt see a way to link video to my online portfolio. Am I missing something?


text:
Heavy steering plus camber/caster. 2002 GC Limited WG.
Now here's a weird one.
Very, very occasionally, after slowing for a right hand turn (bear in mind that urban turns tend to be a lot tighter this side of the pond than they are Stateside) I have found that, on making the turn, the steering has become exceedingly heavy. So much so that it takes a considerable amount of effort to avoid running out on to the pavement (walkway). This only lasts for a very short while, just while the vehicle is on lock. I thought that changing the power steering fluid was called for and, having done that, using the approved Mopar fluid, I have had it happen twice since. Funnily enough it never happens on the tighter left hand turns and only when I have nearly completed my 2.5 mile round trip to the paper shop and back, and always on the same corner but only perhaps once a month.:confused: I have advised my wife to be wary of this but, up to now, it has never happened to her. I'm dreading the first time it does because I'm sure she wouldn't have the strength to maintain the turn, although she would probably have the presence of mind to apply the brakes if she thought she was going to leave the road.
Has anybody any idea what may be causing this? Naturally I have checked the fluid level since changing it and all is O.K. I did the change by running the engine, turning the steering side to side (front axle jacked up a little to make this easier) and letting the fluid pump out to a container whilst topping up the reservoir with new fluid.
Now to the second problem. I have experienced, ever since I acquired the vehicle, excessive tyre (tire) wear on the outer edge of the nearside (LH) front tyre (tire), and think that this as a result of the combination of camber and caster on the tighter left hand urban turns in UK.
I realise that with a live/solid axle a little positive camber (top of wheel leaning outwards) may be necessary to align the bottom of the wheel with the line through the pivot points around which the wheel turns when cornering. I do not believe that with a front/all wheel drive vehicle much caster angle, designed to encourage straight line running, should be necessary, but there is obviously some.
This combination of camber and caster results in a very large angle of wheel incline (positive camber) when on full lock.
I can find neither the correct figures for camber or caster, nor any info on how, if at all, these can be adjusted. Any ideas?
Tony N
Re: Heavy steering plus camber/caster. 2002 GC Limited WG.
2 Attachment(s)
Regarding the now and then heavy steering, did you check the accessory belt tension. Just an idea.
Attached the camber and caster specifications. Eventhough the manual states that both are preset and not adjustable, i know that there are ofset upper ball joints available which allow for some camber/caster adjustment. Rockauto has some when needed.
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 05:31 AM.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.8
Copyright ©2000 - 2017, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright 2012 - JeepGarage.Org
The Jeep Grand Cherokee Owners Community

subset: commoncrawl


text:
To me, dating is one of the scariest words in the dictionary. I am somewhat of an introvert, so the thought of sitting down for dinner with someone I hardly know feels uncomfortable, awkward, and less than appealing. Rather than putting myself through that, I decided to take a different approach to finding love…television!
Before going on "The Bachelor," I was just your typical 20-something girl. I was focused on my career, hanging out with friends and living the single life. I dreaded the thought of going on a first date, so for me, it was just easier to fly solo. I had two serious, long-term boyfriends through high school and college, so I knew I enjoyed being in a relationship, but I didn't enjoy the process of finding the right partner.
Well…fast forward a few years, when a unique opportunity fell in to my lap.
I went to a "Bachelor" casting call with a friend, purely as a side kick for support. I had never watched nor did I have any intentions of going on a silly dating show…or so I thought. With a little pressure from my friend and a Cosmopolitan later, I was trying out for a "chance at love." I believe the only reason I was chosen for the show was because I went in to the casting call with absolutely no expectations. Because of that, it was easy for me to relax and just be myself. If only I could do that on an ordinary first date, right?
When I decided to take on this opportunity, I certainly was not thinking I would find the man of my dreams; it was more about the adventure. Of course, I was open to the idea of dating this handsome, caring, genuine, absolutely perfect guy, but never in a million years did I think I would find my husband on a TV show!
After the first night of filming, I asked myself, "Molly…what have you gotten yourself in to?"
If I thought first dates were uncomfortable, what about a first date with seven other girls, five cameras and 15 million viewers? Talk about awkward!
As I got to know Jason better off camera, I realized the on-camera stuff was just a necessary step to get to the end result. It's like when you have a great conversation with someone over the phone, yet you feel uncomfortable and nervous when you physically get together for a date. That's all part of the dating process, right?
Though I was doing the dating thing in a very public manner, the most reassuring part was knowing that Jason was going through it with me. I wasn't doing it alone, and I certainly wasn't the only one who felt it was a little weird. Jason was by my side the whole time, and made the uncomfortable stuff feel comfortable. He made this TV dating experience seem fun, natural, and normal.
From then on, I stepped out of my safe place and never looked back. I wanted to give this relationship a real chance, so if the awkward dates were part of that, I was going for it. After a minor change in heart, Jason and I were finally able to date in the "real world" and become a couple. Not long after, we forgot about how we met and just focused on how happy we were together. Jason and I got married six months ago, and the rest is history!
Never wanting to go on a first date and step out of my comfort zone got me nowhere in the name of love. When I finally did, I found my soul mate. I knew he was the one because he made our unconventional path feel normal and, most importantly, comfortable.
Whether you're seeking love on TV, the Internet, or simply being set up by a friend, I say be open minded. Love will flourish – no matter how it begins – when you least expect it.


text:
So sad! Paul's younger brother, Cody, was spotted packing up items from the late actor's home after he tragically died in a car crash on Nov. 30.
Paul Walker's family and friends have been grieving his loss after the actor was reportedly burned alive in a horrific accident. It must be so hard for Paul's family to handle the fact that he's really gone, but on Dec. 4, his younger brother, Cody Walker, made the first step toward acceptance by removing items from his late brother's home in Santa Barbara, Calif. Read on for more details.
Paul Walker's Brother Cody Cleaning Out Star's Home After His Death — So Sad
Cody was photographed outside Paul's home loading up an entire car full of his brother's belongings, including a surf board, a rifle/shotgun, and several boxes. Cody, who embarked on a solo mission to pack up Paul's home, must have been touched to see the many bouquets of flowers that had been laid in front of the gate to his brother's home.
Paul's neighbor, who was passing by the house, stopped to give Cody a comforting hug, which he looked like he really needed.
We're so glad poor Cody had someone to lean on for support, as it was probably very hard for him to go through his brother's items on his own.
Paul Walker's Daughter Seen After Losing Father
Paul's 15-year-old daughter, Meadow Walker, who was living with her father in California at the time of the accident, was spotted on Dec. 4 for the first time since the tragedy. She looked visibly upset as she wandered outside the family's home with her arms crossed.
Thankfully, she is being comforted by close family and friends, including Paul's girlfriend, Jasmine Pilchard-Gosnell, who broke the sad news to her.
"Friends have flown in to be with her. She is in okay spirits and dealing with it the best she can for a 15-year-old," a source told E! News of Meadow."Everyone is taking it hard, but there has been a large outpouring of love and support for the family," the source explained.
Our thoughts are with Cody, Meadow, and the rest of Paul and driver Roger Rodas' families.
— Julianne Ishler
More Paul Walker Family News:
- Paul Walker Called Resilient Daughter Meadow 'A Warrior'
- Michelle Rodriguez & Vin Diesel Visited Paul Walker's Parents' Home
- Judd Lormand: Paul Walker's 'Eyes Lit Up' Talking About Daughter
Copyright © 2017 Hollywoodlife.com, LLC. All rights reserved.
Powered by WordPress.com VIP


text:
Renters moving into popular central Auckland suburbs have had some relief, with rental costs levelling off or falling slightly.
One reason for the cooling market is people taking advantage of low mortgage interest rates to buy their first home, commentators say.
"It's certainly an improvement on the situation we were seeing about six months ago, where some agencies were keeping pre-approved lists of tenants, and people were taking stuff without looking at it," said Helen O'Sullivan, chief executive of the Real Estate Institute of New Zealand.
The cost of renting a three-bedroom home in trendy central Auckland suburbs such as Ponsonby and Grey Lynn has bucked the city-wide trend and is levelling off or falling, figures from Crockers show.
But rents across the rest of Auckland have increased, particularly in suburbs such as Takapuna, One Tree Hill and Papakura.
The property management company has calculated the average of six-month rolling median prices of new bonds received each month - supplied by the Real Estate Institute and the Department of Building and Housing - for one, two, three and four-bedroom homes over two years.
The area defined as Ponsonby, which encompasses St Marys and Herne Bay, is the most expensive place to rent, the figures show.
However, rents for three-bedroom homes there have fallen from an average of $716 to $702, compared with last year.
In Pt Chevalier/Mt Albert the rental cost of a three-bedroom home has fallen from $533 to $517.
Remuera has seen a drop of 6 per cent with rents falling from an average of $661 to $620.
Property commentator Alistair Helm said one reason for the slowdown would be more renters becoming first-home buyers.
"I think there's a slight power inthe hands of tenants, becausethere is a better supply of property coming on to the market, andnot as much demand.
"First-home buyers have kind of left the market - they bought, who used to be renting. And I think that's created a degree of surplus in the rental market, particularly because those people might well have lived in the inner-city suburbs."
Ms O'Sullivan said the figures only took into account the number and value of new bonds.
However, figures released last month from Trade Me indicated renters had more choice and there was some indication rental price increases had slowed.
That contrasted with the cyclical peak during January and February, when the return of tertiary students made it a very competitive market.


text:
Back in July, once we learned that Apple had taken public transit directions out of its mapping app, the folks at OpenPlans launched a Kickstarter campaign to fund and open source public transit solution:
With the announcement of iOS version 6, Apple has dropped Google Maps and with it, previously built-in support for travel directions via public transit.
With your support, OpenTripPlanner Mobile, an open source application developed by OpenPlans will put transit back on the iPhone. Initially, we will offer coverage for almost all transit systems in North America (see coverage details below).
The required $25k in funding was collected by August and the team set to work. Joyride is in a solid beta as of November (source code). But last Friday came word the Joyride project is to be ended and money refunded. Why?
Despite the successes so far, we're stopping work on Joyride, and refunding you. Here's why: the trip planning in Joyride depends on up to date, accurate transit data, which we assemble from open data feeds provided by hundreds of individual transit operators. In the new year, the OpenTripPlanner team is spinning out from OpenPlans. With their departure, we won't have the capacity here to keep the app up to date, and we're not prepared to launch without being certain we can offer a viable ongoing service that people can depend on for their daily travel needs.
The open source project is still available and others have already built apps (including for iOS, The Transit App and Moovit) on the underlying OpenTripPlanner project.
via @cageyjames


text:
19 year old student from Rijeka, Croatia, managing the apartment for my family. Conscious and responsible.
Showing all 0 rentals in :
Copyright © 2017, FlipKey Inc. All rights reserved.
As featured in USA TODAY and recommended by Travel + Leisure in its annual Villa Guide:
FlipKey is a vacation rental marketplace with more than 300,000 homes and rooms around the world. Find the perfect place to stay for your trip, and get great value along with the space, privacy and amenities of home.
Find the vacation rental perfect for you. Learn how.


text:
Minnie Minors could be a sub whole of Bareeze that chiefly deals in children covering. Minnie Minors was based in 1998 since then they need launched children summer, spring, winter collection. Recently Minnie Minors stated their latest Fall Winter Party Wear assortment for 2012-13. This assortment is currently on the market nationwide in the least of Minnie minors stores. Minnie Minors latest fall winter party wear assortment 2012-13 could be a vary that features a large sort of covering and accessories for youths to cater the requirements of fall and winter season returning in close to future.
Nov 07


text:
CBO: 600,000 to 1.6 Million Employed by Stimulus
The Congressional Budget Office late Monday said it estimates that the federal stimulus package sustained between 600,000 and 1.6 million jobs in the third quarter, and raised gross domestic product by 1.2 to 3.2 percentage points higher than it would have been without the program.
The CBO said the figures were estimates made "using evidence about how previous similar policies have affected the economy and various mathematical models that represent the workings of the economy."
CBO Director Douglas Elmendorf, in a blog post, said stimulus recipients have reported that about 640,000 jobs "were created or retained" with stimulus funding through Sept. 30. "However, such reports do not provide a comprehensive estimate of the law's impact on employment in the United States. That impact may be higher or lower than the reported number for several reasons (in addition to any issues about the quality of the data in the reports)," Mr. Elmendorf wrote. The CBO is required to comment on the figures released by stimulus recipients.
The White House has recently touted the figure of 640,000 jobs tied to stimulus spending, based on the reports from grant recipients, as evidence that the package is effective. But questions about the accuracy of the reports underpinning that figure have prompted criticism by members of Congress from both parties. Republicans have said the $787 billion package of tax cuts and spending hasn't stopped unemployment from rising to 10.2%. Some Democrats have expressed frustration with the apparent inaccuracies in the job count.
The CBO in March projected that the stimulus would result in 600,000 to 1.5 million more jobs than would have existed without the spending. In his blog post, Mr. Elmendorf says the CBO's latest estimates reflect a finding that the impact of the package's tax cuts have been about $10 billion larger than originally projected, while the impact on federal spending because of the legislation "has turned out to be slightly smaller than CBO initially estimated."
"Economic output and employment in the spring and summer of 2009 were lower than CBO had projected at the beginning of the year. But in CBO's judgment, that outcome reflects greater-than-projected weakness in the underlying economy rather than lower-than-expected effects" of the stimulus, according to Mr. Elmendorf's blog post.
Write to Joseph B. White at email@example.com


text:
Well I'm new and as it states from New Jersey, southern part to be a little more specific. Married, 2 children (daughters), 1 married,
the other just moved back home for awhile, 1 grand-child, 2 dogs (chihuahuas; don't ask), ride a Harley (electra glide), and well
sportsman and gun owner. I am an ordained minister and love God, my wife, & family. Not to much else to say for now but glad to be
a part.


text:
Breastfeeding log
by: Erik Westlund • 23
All Android applications categories
All Android games categories
by: Erik Westlund • 23
I made this app for my child's mother to help her keep track of when she was feeding our son and from which breast. We thought that the existing app's that has the same functionality was complicated with a lot of unnecessary features.
* Easy-to-use
* Display last feeding session (start- and stoptime and from which breast OR from bottle + amount).
* Displays time since last feeding, with the ability to count the time from the start or end of the last feeding
* History of all feeding sessions possible to export via mail and then import in for example Excel.
* Possibility to adjust start- and stoptime before saving
* Dark background for better readability at night
* Keep track of Vitamine D supplementation with a checkbox and time
* Reminder to stop a feeding session if you forget
* Possibility to turn breast-buttons upside down to the mothers point-of-view for better usability
* Export history via mail
Press the breast-button that corresponds to the breast you're feeding from and the time is registered. In the same way, when you stop feeding, press one of the breast-buttons and the end time of the feeding is registered. Then you will get a choice to save the feeding session or not. You can also adjust the start- or stop time by clicking the start- or stop text. It can not get any simpler than that!
If you like the app and has suggestions of improvements or found errors, please send me an e-mail to email@example.com.
Keywords: Breast feeding, nursing, Baby Feeder, iBaby, ibaby, baby esp, baby tracker log timer
from 23 reviews
Download Breastfeeding log
Share this app


text:
Rincon de la Vieja
Trip Start Apr 12, 2009
19Trip End Jun 02, 2009
Map your own trip!
Loading Map
Loading Map
Map Options
Show trip route
Hide lines
Where I stayed
They told us the park was closed the day after. I couldn�t believe it!!! (they told it before saying 5 euro each, so I was thinking that we had come there, we had to pay so much for nothing!!), but one of the men said something like one could enter somewhere where there was no guard... So, the day after we said we were going to swim in the hostelpools, which were in the non-guarded entry for the park...and of course we entered it. A whole national park just for us!!! ji ji ji...
It was so great. First, we bath in some termal waters with green mud which smelled like too cooked eggs, awful...but nice. Then, we walk inside the park (sooo beautiful), we saw two javalis, and a carpenter bird, and we came in the mud pools (they werte not to swimm, they were like 106 or more degrees). It was like the yellowston park, they said. Really smelly but impresive (in my opinion). I took some videos that I will put here later.
It wa soo hot, imagine, the sun was so strong, and we were like in a pan, because of the volcano. Then we came again inside the forest (no more volcanic action, lukily). It was fresh again, and there was a river. As we were supposed to be alone, I just took aut my clothes and made a bath in the cold water of the river. We ate something and I got dressed. Just on time!! A man came who was cleaning the park!! Ufff!! I was adraid he would said something because we were there, but no yupiii!!! He just asked if I was Amelia�s mother!!! But are you stupid, blind or what??!!!
We kept on walking, so many kilometers to came to a waterfall. As it lacked just 4 kilometers we found a sign saying the way was closed. We were between trying anyhow to get there...or go to another waterfall. We were very tired and it was too hot to try to get there and then discover that it was no possible, so we decided to go to the other not so famous waterfall. I was angry and was complaining the whole path. Just till Amelia started saying that maybe we should stop (it was quite harf the way, alwways climbing, up the mountain, and we were walking already since 8 hours). Then I was afraid that we had to come back and I stopped complaining. Amelia said she didn�t want to go further and just went under a tree and layed down there. I told her I come back in 1 hour, the same I have got to the waterfall or not (it lacked 3 hours of sun, and a long way back to the hostel). I kept goping up, and sudenly the way stopped going up and after a while atarted going down very streight. And I came to the first waterfall. It was so nice, the river (thin) was making some small falls and then falling into the somewhere in the mountines I could not see from there, but I could see the mountines on the other side. Ok, hard for me to describe, but I have also a video. I climbed a little to make pictures and then continue to the second waterfall, the "real one", which was not at all impresive, but there was a lake where I made a bath before coming back to pick Amelia up. The poor had been eaten by some insects and she had the back like with sarampion for several days. Poor!!
As we wanted to exit the park (open from Tuesday till sunday, from 7.00 till 15:00, and it was monday at 18:00), the woman asked us for 10 dollars, which is the entry price. We said we thought it was fre (that was true) and we had taken no money (that was not so true ji ji). We went outside and 15 minutes later a car came, with a really nice family from Argentina, and took us to the hostel. Once there, we asked in the kitchen to buy some bread (they gave it to us for free) and we asked if they could cook some pasta that we had bought in the super. They also did it. They were so friendly : ) Two small girls should not die of hungry or cold, oder?? : )
The day after we climbed the volcano. Absolutely GREATTT!!!! But it is already 22:30 and I am in fact about to satr climbing another volcano in Panama, so I have to leave you and I will continue other day.
So finally I have time to continue... As I said, the day after we climbed the volcano. The first part was very light, a walk in the rain forest, long but very nice and not really climbing. We found some monkeys on the way, which mae pipi on Amelia (fortunatelly she realized and run before the pipi falled on her) and, not happy with that, they throw wathever on us. The bastards!! So we run away. As we were coming up to the volcano, the vegetation was changing, till we came otside the forest. From that point, the adventure began : ) The views were amazing: some volcanic mountains, other completely green, the fog, ...Incredible. And the best of all: we started to climb. In some parts, they had put a rope so that you could help you in climbing, because it was too steep. There was a small waterfall also there, hiden between two mountains. It was soo enjoyable!!! After some climbing up and down the mountains we came in the volcanic area and started walking in a narrow path between two lava rivers. And there, coming from one of the lava rivers and walking to the other, it was a monkey. What he was doing up there is a guess. He saw us, we were walking towards him (not because we wanted, it was also our way), so he took a stone (the bastard) and looked at us as saying :if you make one more step you are dead!!. So we just kept still and waited till he went out ouf our path towards one of the lava rivers. As we came up to the crater, it was too foggy to see, but the fog was coming and leaving, coming and leaving..so it was possible to se it. Again, I found it amazing. Maybe it was just, that I had not tought how the volcano could be, so I had not expectations, and I just found what I seen so beautiful...It was also my first climbing up to a mountain in this trip...and I enjoyed it therefore so much : ) !!!!
It was already too late, so we had to come down to take the bus to San Jose. We took another way to see something different, so we came down walking in an orange and black river of lava. It was quite tricky also this way..what it means, we had so much fun!! Then he had to run all the way in the forest till the park exit, ask some people (a very nice couple from holland who had decided to make hollidays in Costarrica becouse they love horse riding...I didn�t know CR was a famous for that)), and then make autostop till the bus stop to Liberia (but we were licky and found somebody that in fact took us to Liberia). There, I called Lala, a friend of Marilu, my "geliebte" cousin (:)) and she told us she was going to san Jose, and we could come with her. We went to her house, and her mother gave us so many fruits, cakes tipical from their city (Philadelphia), juice... After two days of quite a lack of food in Rincon de la Vieja, we just devored it... it was such a pleasure to eat...and above all, to eat fruits ; ).
At night we came to San Jose, to my cousin�s house (Idoia), and I saw for first time my "cousin-nephew" Diego : ) : ) : )


text:
Former Republican Sen. Norm Coleman has joined the Washington law firm Hogan Lovells as a senior government advisor.
That means he's likely to be involved with lobbying, and even if he doesn't formally register as a lobbyist, Coleman will certainly be advising the firm's lobbyists.
Coleman narrowly lost his Senate seat to DFL Sen. Al Franken after a lengthy recount in 2009. He also served as mayor of St. Paul.
More recently, Coleman's been the chairman and CEO of the American Action Network, one of the outside groups that pumped over $26 million worth of ads into last year's midterm elections.
According to an AAN spokesman, Coleman will step down from his role as CEO but will remain the group's chairman.
Hogan Lovells' clients include Nissan, Daimler, General Electric and Xcel Energy. Interestingly, the firm's political action committee leaned heavily Democratic in the last election, giving $121,000 to Democratic candidates and $78,000 to Republicans, according to Opensecrets.org.


text:
Spinner Chief Vs The Best Spinner
I just tried out the spinner chief and it seems pretty good. However, I have not tried out TBS yet. But I am hearing rave reviews about it. Can you suggest one?
77$ VS FREE is a very compelling option to go for spinner chief. however if the benefits of TBS far outweighs the lure of FREE, I am willing to invest in it.
Edit: I see that they (Spinner Chief) have a pro version coming up... I am not sure how good it will be.. Anyone has any opinions regarding this?


text:
Cam Edwards at NRANews.com passed along a New Jersey Star-Ledger story showing how gun dealers are held in low esteem. Matt Carmel of Maplewood, New Jersey was rejected when he applied to sponsor a little-league baseball team:
Carmel, a licensed gun dealer, applied to sponsor a team in the local Babe Ruth/Cal Ripken baseball league, using the name of his business — Constitution Arms.
He was rebuffed.
"Arbitrary, capricious and unfair," Carmel said of the perceived slight. "I don't like being pigeonholed."
But what really makes the story maddening (and worth wider attention and commentary) are the sponsors that have been allowed:
But, Carmel notes, other sponsors could be deemed "inappropriate" as well. The league overseers, he said, have permitted sellers of liquor and tobacco, as well as a Cluck-U Chicken eatery whose promos feature a scantily clad woman in a bikini with the suggestive words "Large Breasts, Juicy Thighs. Luscious Legs."
One would think that people who are nervous about controversy might avoid a "Cluck-U Chicken" team for young boys. Here's more detail:
It all started in October, when Carmel, an NRA certified pistol instructor and licensed firearm dealer, sent a letter to the South Orange-Maplewood Baseball Committee, which oversees 120 softball and baseball teams with 1,250 children ages 5 to 15.
Since his 10-year-old son, Kalman, had played the season before, Carmel wanted to put up the $300 fee to sponsor a team himself.
But in an 8-1 vote, the volunteer committee said thanks, but no thanks.
"I voted against it," said Craig Gruber, secretary of the committee. "Personally ... given the nature of that business, I'm certain there'd be quite a bit of contention. We don't need the headache. ... We have our hands full with deciding whether infield fly rules should be in effect for 9-year-olds."
Carmel said he learned of the decision via e-mail last Sunday, after weeks of exchanging letters that warned of the "potential controversy."
The committee, Gruber said, hasn't taken up-or-down votes on sponsors, at least in his seven years' experience. But this time, Constitution Arms caught its eye.
"My sense was the backlash would be extraordinary," he said.
To Carmel, the rejection flies in the face of the perception South Orange-Maplewood, which share a school system, is a proverbial big tent open to all ideas.
"Only if you agree with them," he said. "But if you don't, the tent is not that big."


text:
* All Fields Required
ACE Fit Share
Aliso Viejo, CA USA 92656
About Alex Isaly:
Alex Isaly is an elite athlete, master trainer, international fitness program developer and presenter, nutrition expert, and one of the most visible, sought after and respected fitness professionals in the world.
With over 15 years of experience as an elite athlete and fitness professional, Alex has touched the lives of thousands and thousands of people around the world through his passion for fitness and unique training abilities.
In 2008, Isaly founded, created and developed the workout and business model for one of the most successful group fitness programs in the country: R.I.P.P.E.D. - The One Stop Body Shock. This workout formula is designed to work every part of the body in multiple ways to prevent plateaus and maintain continuous results. In 2009, he developed the educational certification program and launched it into the fitness industry where the workout grew qAlex has grown into one of the visible and sought after health and fitness professionals in the country, having spent the last two decades as an elite athlete, celebrity and master fitness trainer/coach, international fitness program developer/presenter, public speaker, author and certified nutrition expert.
Alex is best known for his fitness and wellness products that have impacted thousands of lives globally, His current project include: lead trainer and spokesperson for the globally known at-home and group training kettlebell program KettleWorX®, Signature Brand Manager for Life Time Athletic, creator of Kettlebell Kombine, lead trainer for Spartan Strong group training, and lead trainer for SpeedoFIT WET.
He also has his own nutrition therapy web-based and go mobile app called VIM Health.
Alex is an ambassador, consultant, corporate wellness director and content creator for several major fitness brands. He sits on the Advisory Board for the largest health and fitness organization in the country called IDEA Health and Fitness Association.
Alex's television experience includes
ACE Certifications:
Group Fitness Instructor
Years Certified with ACE:
8 years
Programs & Rates:
Contact me
Years in the Industry:
16-20 years
Group FitnessBoot CampGroup StrengthIndoor CyclingKickboxing and BoxingNutritionNutrition for Health and WellnessSports NutritionWeight Loss / Weight ManagementPersonal and Small Group TrainingBodyweight TrainingCore TrainingEndurance SportsFunctional TrainingHome-basedSports PerformancePersonal Training Program DesignFunctional Movement and Resistance TrainingSpecialized Equipment TrainingSuspension Training
ACE Behavior Change Specialists possess the practical, hands-on skills needed to guide people toward long-term, lifestyle and behavior change in one-on-one, group and virtual settings.
ACE Fitness Nutrition Specialists have the expertise to provide scientifically supported, practical and relevant nutrition advice while staying within their scope of practice. They can accurately give advice on selecting and preparing food, reading nutrition labels, and choosing meals that facilitate weight loss, improve athletic performance and meet special dietary needs.
ACE Sports Conditioning Specialists have the expertise to deliver exercise programs that effectively improve balance, strength, agility, speed and power. Their knowledge and skills allow them to safely and effectively help a wide range of people including athletes who want to grow stronger and faster, first responders who need to improve their endurance, or recreational adults preparing for a personal goal.
ACE Youth Fitness Specialists have the expertise to develop customized fitness programs for children and teens that help instill the value of physical activity at an early age. They are proficient in a variety of youth-related subjects including motor development, pediatric exercise physiology, growth-related differences in abilities, resistance and cardiorespiratory training.
ACE Orthopedic Exercise Specialists can safely and effectively develop exercise programs that address muscle imbalances, prevent injury, and improve movement patterns, muscular strength and endurance. They hold a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of major joints, common musculoskeletal conditions, and general treatment clients will receive from orthopedic specialists.
ACE Weight Management Specialists hold expertise in proper nutrition and hydration strategies that helps them assist people who want to lose weight, build muscle, decrease body fat, improve overall health and achieve long-term success. They are proficient in helping a variety of people including children, teens and adults impacted by obesity to achieve their weight goals.
ACE Functional Training Specialists hold a deep understanding of how to train the body to move more efficiently. Their diverse expertise can be applied to athletes who want an edge in competition, older adults who want to play with their grandchildren without pain, or everyday people who need to improve their balance and joint stability.
ACE Mind Body Specialists have the expertise to deliver holistic programs to the growing number of people searching for a more balanced approach to health and wellness. Their proficiency in yoga and Pilates can help a wide range of people improve posture, reduce stress, strengthen the core, build muscle, and fuel an internal connection with one's self.
ACE Group Exercise Leadership Specialists have essential knowledge of exercise and movement science, know how to apply that science to appropriate class design, and use it to ensure the safety of their class participants. The expertise they hold complements the foundational education they received in other instructor training programs.
ACE Therapeutic Exercise Specialists have the expertise to develop exercise programs for people with a wide variety of special conditions including pregnancy, metabolic disease and various musculoskeletal disorders. The knowledge and skills they possess can help people with coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, osteoporosis and more boost their quality of life.
ACE Senior Fitness Specialists have the expertise to help the millions of Americans currently over the age of 55 use fitness to prevent muscle deterioration, improve bone strength, and boost quality of life. Their proficiency in exercise and nutrition can help them deliver appropriate exercise programs that combat the effects of osteoporosis, arthritis and other age-specific conditions.
Years of Experience:
16-20 years
Preferred Formats:
Boot Camp, Studio Cycling, Martial Arts, Circuit, Kickboxing, Resistance, Youth, Other


text:
Occurs when an unexpected guest knocks on your bedroom door when you are masturbating and about to orgasm, and you open the door and ejaculate on them, shouting "Surprise Party!" Common in college dormitories.
I knocked on my neighbor's door to ask him if I could borrow his scissors, and to my horror he appeared at the door completely naked with his hand on his penis and promptly ejaculated in my eye, shouting, "Surprise Party!"
by stoned_philosophaster December 02, 2007
During intercourse, oral sex, or mutual masturbation, the male ,upon reaching his climax, proceeds to ejaculate upon the torso of his partner. At this point the male tosses a handful of confetti all over his partner and yells "Surprise!"
Wow, that was fantastic, your sister will be scraping the remnants of that surprise party off of her chest for hours!
by Waffle XXX October 21, 2008
Cleveland Steamer Plush
The vengeful act of crapping on a lover's chest while they sleep.Buy the plush
When a lot of people you don't know show up at your house because they heard you were having a party.
Person #1: Dude, last night was such a surprise party!
Person #2: I know! Where the fuck did all those people come from?
Person #2: I know! Where the fuck did all those people come from?
by ke$halover November 14, 2010
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.Buy the mug
MUST BE DONE WITH LIGHTS OFF! When a male pretends to have penetrated a female's vagina with his penis but in fact has inserted a life-like dildo (works best from behind). He proceeds to fake intercourse for a period of time, using the dildo all the while, and suddenly, falls off the bed with yell while leaving the dildo deep in the vagina. The male then turns back on the lights and yells surprise!
I threw quite a surprise party with your mom last night!
by mrs. harris October 20, 2007
The vengeful act of crapping on a lover's chest while they sleep.Buy the plush


text:
Very excited that Daniele Serra has sent me the cover for my novel Gossamer: A Story of Love and Tragedy. It's about women and witches and loss. Let me know what you think of the cover and spread the word to your friends so that they can buy the novel on Smashwords in all the digital formats. I'll also be uploading it to Amazon soon so expect a post when it's available on Kindle! And if you're on Goodreads, make sure you add it on there!
Here's a short synopsis:
An ancient witch, Dorothy Good, has lost everything to the vampire who has blown in on the hot desert wind and lain waste to her soul and her town. When a young family arrives at the end of a two week battle, she sees a chance to end the bloodshed and possibly regain a portion of what was stolen.
But they're heavily outnumbered and night is falling…
Yeah, go buy it, review it and spread the word!


text:
LINCOLN — Nebraska lawmakers will once again debate the death penalty after a proposal to repeal capital punishment advanced Tuesday to the floor of the Legislature.
Although Legislative Bill 543 was expected to obtain the minimum five votes to get out of the Judiciary Committee, none of the eight members voted against it. Only Sen. Mark Christensen of Imperial abstained.
The bill is the priority of Sen. Ernie Chambers of Omaha, who wants to outlaw state executions and replace them with terms of life without parole. Chambers has fought to end execution throughout his long legislative career.
Nebraska law currently allows the use of lethal injection for condemned killers, although that method has not yet been used in the state. It was adopted in 2009 after the Nebraska Supreme Court deemed the electric chair cruel and unusual punishment.
None of the current 11 death row inmates are scheduled for execution because of a pending legal challenge involving one of the state's three lethal injection drugs. Nebraska last executed an inmate in 1997.
After Tuesday's committee meeting, Christensen said he chose not to vote because he wants to hear a floor debate on the issue. Although he still believes death is a just punishment in certain cases, his position has evolved over the years, in part because the death penalty is so expensive to carry out.
A repeal bill was debated last year, but the sponsor pulled it when it lacked the votes to advance to the second round. Ten new senators have since joined the Legislature, along with Chambers, who held his seat for 38 years before sitting out four years due to term limits.
Lawmakers in Maryland voted last week to abolish the death penalty, making it the sixth state in six years to repeal executions. A total of 18 states don't allow capital punishment.
Source: Omaha.com, March 20, 2013


text:
Rigby space heater fire sparks winter heating safety discussion
RIGBY, Idaho - On Monday, a Jefferson County family learned a hard lesson about safely heating their home as winter creeps closer.
Investigators said no one was injured when the family's home caught fire in a subdivision southwest of Rigby early on Friday afternoon, but they did say the cause is apparent.
The outside of the home looked more or less intact, because the blaze started in the basement.
The homeowner told investigators the family dog had gotten into some papers and pushed them against an electric space heater, sparking the fire.
Thor, the dog, probably didn't mean any harm. But the homeowners told the station he knows he's in trouble. Thor received some pats on the head from firefighters as consolation on Monday.
Jefferson Central Fire Chief Jim Dual said he has no reason to doubt the homeowner's story.
"I'm pretty sure that's probably what happened," said Dual.
Dual said heater safety is important as things get colder outside.
"They need to make sure that they're placed in a situation so that they're not close to something that can catch on fire or burn," he said.
He said unexpected things like pets can create a fire danger where one didn't previously exist. That's why a watchful eye is the best preventative measure.
"Don't leave them unattended," said Dual. "If you leave your home, you need to shut that heater off."
Dual said most space heaters made less than 15 years ago have a mechanism to automatically switch off if they tip over.
He said if your heater is older than 15 years, it is probably time to replace it.
Central Fire investigators on Friday said they kept the fire from spreading beyond the basement of the Rigby home, but there is still extensive smoke damage.
Fire officials said it was started by a dog knocking over a space heater, which a lot of people are using now that colder weather is upon us, and the fire could have been prevented if the owners had kept a more watchful eye on the heater.
We'll have more about what you can do to prevent similar fires tonight at 5 and 6 on Local News 8 and at 5:30 on KIDK Channel 3 Eyewitness News.


text:
How many beers are in a keg?
A U.S. half-barrel keg, the standard-sized beer keg that is a staple at parties, holds 15 1/2 gallons. This is the equivalent of 165 12-oz. beer cans, which is about 6.8 cases, or 124 16-oz. (pint)...
Read More »
How many beers is in a keg of Corona?
A standard keg in the U.S. is a half-barrel, holding roughly 15.5 gallons or 165 12-ounce servings of beer. (The number of servings varies slightly depending on the amount of foam.) Since a bottle ...
Read More »
How many beers do you pound a day?
Im with ya man, depending how my day goes, 12-24 everyday. Thats why i invested in a kegerator. WAY!! cheaper my friend... look into it, its worth it Cheers
How many beers are in a mini keg?
A mini-keg can hold around 1.32 gallons of beer, which is equal to approximately 14 12 oz. cans of beer (average size), or about 10 1/2 pints of beer. A typical keg is considerably larger, containi...
Read More »
How many 12-ounce beers are in a keg?
There are typically 165 12-ounce servings of beer in a U.S. standard half-barrel beer keg, and there are 82 12-ounce servings of beer in a U.S. standard quarter barrel, or "pony keg."Source:Ask the...
Read More »


text:
"Get Smart Across America"
Community in Crisis Response Plan
Background Story:
December 2, 2011, 7 year old Jorelys Rivera (Canton, Georgia) was abducted at her apartment complex after leaving the playground to go get drinks for her friends. Jorelys' body was discovered 3 days later at the apartment complex in the industrial size trash compactor. Jorelys had been sexually assaulted, beaten, stabbed and murdered.
Robert Brunn was arrested for her abduction and murder and pleaded guilty receiving life in prison. Robert Brunn committed suicide in prison.
The Canton and Cherokee County Community (metro Atlanta area) is in crisis and children and parents need hope and safety education.
"Get Smart Across America" Community in Crisis Response:
Elizabeth Smart, on behalf of Good Morning America and The Elizabeth Smart Foundation will bring a message of hope and deliver a proactive community response to the tragedy by providing:
1. Quick response- train children in the community in radKIDS personal safety education and provide a community safety seminar
- A Canton-Cherokee radKIDS class for 20 children and families in the community March 12-16, 2012
- Canton area radKIDS instructors along with Steve Daley, Director of radKIDS, will provide children with the tools and skills needed to respond, resist and escape if necessary from a dangerous situation.
- A Community Safety Seminar, March 14, 2012 to bring the message of hope and understanding of the radKIDS personal empowerment safety education program.
- The Canton-Cherokee community will be invited to attend the free seminar. Local radio shows and local media will help spread the news.
- The Cherokee Public School System teachers and leaders will be invited.
- Media Awareness and coverage will be generated.
- Elizabeth Smart will participate in The Keep Georgia Safe fundraiser, The Big Wheel Rally, to help raise funds for radKIDS instructor training.
2. Long term response- implement the radKIDS program into schools.


text:
I backup online my personal docs.
I zip and lock them with 7Z.
Does the password-protected 7z is secure enough to be upload to the clouds?
How-To Geek Forums / Windows 7
does password-protected 7Z will do?(1 post)
I backup online my personal docs.
Topic Closed
This topic has been closed to new replies.


text:
BACKGROUND: After not playing baseball at all in high school, Davis played one season at West Los Angeles College in 2013, but that was all Milwaukee needed to see, as they selected him in the 22nd round of the 2013 MLB draft.
Ranked the fastest player in the draft according to Baseball America, Davis made his debut in the rookie Arizona League for the Brewers last season. In 30 games, the switch-hitting Davis hit .294 and stole 17 bases in 22 attempts.
The Brewers saw enough improvement from Davis over the course of instructional league last fall, and spring training this year to skip him over Helena and have the 24-year-old from Compton, California begin the 2014 season at Low-A Wisconsin. Through his first 22 games this season, Davis is batting .317 with nine steals as the leadoff hitter for the Timber Rattlers.
GAMES WATCHED: April 30th-May 1st
April 30th Game One – Davis was batting leadoff and playing center field in both games of Wednesday night's doubleheader. In game one, he went 3-for-5 and sparked a Timber Rattlers comeback in the seventh inning.
In his first at bat, Davis reached on an infield single. His ground ball was knocked down by a diving second baseman, but he had no chance to get the speedy Davis at first. Davis was caught stealing however as the Burlington pitcher kept a close eye on him, picking over three times. Davis picked a good pitch to run on, an 0-2 fastball that was low and away, but didn't get a great jump and was thrown out at second.
His next time up with runners at the corners and two outs, Davis sprayed a ball to the opposite field, past the shortstop and in to left to knock in a run.
In his third at bat, Davis struck out swinging. He twice attempted to get a bunt down with Omar Garcia on first base, and then fouled off a couple of two strike pitches before finally waving through a high fastball for the punch-out.
Davis showed off his elite speed in the seventh with the Timber Rattlers trailing by two and down to their last out. He hit a slow hopper to short and the Burlington shortstop had to bare-hand the ball and rush his throw to first. He threw wildly allowing Davis to advance to second and set up the Rattlers game tying rally. I clocked Davis at an incredible 3.53 seconds from home to first on the play.
In his final at bat, Davis came close to walking Wisconsin off when he hit a line drive to right-center field which the Burlington right fielder snagged on a diving grab. Had the ball got by him, Davis would have had a legit shot at an inside-the-park homer.
Defensively, Davis made all the routine plays, going back on the ball well, and looked more comfortable in center field than when I had seen him previously. In the fifth inning, Kody Eaves of Burlington hit a ball in to the left-center gap. Davis and Garcia both appeared to have a shot to lay out for the ball, but both held up and the ball split the two of them, allowing Eaves to cruise in to second. The next batter lofted a fly ball to center that Davis did a good job of going back on. He got his momentum behind the throw but the throw was still not all that strong and the runner was able to tag and take third base.
April 30th Game Two – Davis started off the bottom of the first inning in game two with a ground out to the pitcher. After falling behind in the count, Davis did a good job of battling, fouling off several two strike pitched before finally tapping back to the pitcher.
His second time up, Davis struck out, but reached base when the pitch got by the catcher on strike three. He followed that up with a fly out to center in the fifth with a runner on third and two outs.
Davis had a couple of chances defensively in game two. In the third inning he went back nicely on a ball hit by Burlington's leadoff batter and hauled it in. In the fifth he may have had a chance to go after the spectacular play on a line drive to center, but with one out and nobody on, he decided wisely to play it safe and kept the ball in front of him. In the sixth, the leadoff hitter crushed one to the wall in center. Davis again covered a lot of ground in getting back to the wall and almost made a highlight reel grab at the wall, but the ball was just out of his reach.
May 1st Game One – Once again in center field and batting leadoff in both games of the Rattlers twin bill on Thursday, Davis went 2-for-4 in game one. His first time up he grounded out to the catcher when he hit a little tapper out in front of the plate. The umpire ruled that the ball hit Davis when he was out of the batter's box and called him out on the play.
His next time up, Davis grounded out to first base, but got to showcase his wheels again. I had him at 3.78 seconds to first base on the play and the Burlington first baseman barely beat him to the base on the routine grounder.
In his third at bat, Davis picked up a bunt single. With runners on second and third and two outs, Davis dragged a bunt perfectly towards second base. The second baseman had no play on Davis at first and Jose Pena was able to score from third to pull Wisconsin to within a run at 4-3.
In the bottom of the sixth with runners again at second and third, Davis lined a ball the opposite way for a base hit to left. The outfield was playing him so shallow however, that only one run was able to score on the hit.
On defense, Davis was tested a couple of times. In the top of the second, with two on and two outs, Davis raced back on a ball hit over his head, hauling it in on the warning track before crashing in to the wall. In the fifth he ranged way over in to left field on a fly ball. Garcia was right there as well, but Davis got there easily and called off Garcia to make the catch.
May 1st Game Two – In game two, Davis went 1-for-3 as Wisconsin picked up a 3-2 victory. His first time at the plate, he beat out an infield single on a chopper over the pitcher's head. The Burlington second baseman tried to bare hand the ball, but would have had no shot at getting Davis even if he fielded it cleanly.
His second time up, Davis laid down a sacrifice bunt. With a runner on first, he dragged a bunt down the first base line. It was fielded by the first baseman who barely got the tag on Davis as he attempted to elude him.
Davis grounded out in his final two plate appearances. In the fifth he grounded to third, but with the third baseman playing in, he was able to easily throw out Davis by a couple of steps. It was much closer in the seventh when Davis grounded out to second. The second baseman made a nice backhanded play and threw to first to get Davis by a step. I clocked Davis at 3.75 from home to first on the play.
Defensively, game two was rather quiet for Davis. In the second inning there was a fly ball to right-center that dropped in for a hit. He raced over and tried to bare hand the ball, but bobbled it, allowing the runner to get second base without a play. The only other action he saw was on a couple of routine base hits to center which he fielded cleanly.
THE SCOUTING REPORT: Davis has one tool that really stands out and that is elite, game-changing speed. He's not just fast. He's track star fast. That speed will help him out but he'll need to develop his other tools to advance through the Brewers system. Davis has shown an ability to put the bat on the ball and hit line drives, but teams don't respect his power at this point, playing him to bunt quite often and playing their outfielders at softball depth against him. He does a good job of using all fields but has yet to develop much patience at the plate, drawing just three walks in 90 plate appearances this season. Defense is still a work in progress for Davis, but the improvements he's made in such a short time are reason for optimism. He doesn't have the strongest of arms, but he can go and get the ball in center field, and while he will stutter-step and not get a great first step from time-to-time, his raw speed helps make up for his lack of polish.
PROJECTION: Davis is difficult to project due to his lack of overall experience, but his 80 grade speed makes him a very interesting prospect to keep an eye on. Already 24-years-old, Davis's age plays against him and he is still very raw. But the strides he's made since joining the Brewers organization should not be overlooked. The fact that teams play him so shallow in the outfield is going to cut down on the number of balls that fall in for Davis. He's not going to hit for much power, but if he can start driving the ball to the gaps, defenses will have to back up on him to prevent the doubles and triples. Speed is a dangerous weapon and as long as Davis stays healthy, he could find his way to the Major Leagues in a few years as a pinch-runner/defensive replacement at worst. If he can develop some of his other tools, get on base and start finding the gaps in the outfield, Davis could be an every day center fielder down the road.


text:
UW Hospital and Clinics Patient Assistance Fund
Located in Madison, Wisconsin, UW Hospital and Clinics is a 490-bed facility that ranks among the finest academic medical centers in the United States. UW Hospital is recognized as a national leader in fields such as cancer treatment, pediatrics, ophthalmology, surgical specialties and organ transplantation.
The UW Hospital and Clinics Patient Assistance Fund helps patients and families by covering expenses related to transportation to the hospital and clinics, medications, lodging, meals, short-term child care or other emergent needs. You can help ease patients' stress by raising funds that will go directly toward helping them manage the expenses of a hospital stay.


text:
cannot access xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx iso image from pc it will not pull up how can i correct this.
Complete HD crash and no system image to go off of except HP desktop and my laptop is Sony VAIO.
Edit: Direct download links are not allowed here and in this case serves no purpose as it is over an hour long -- GMod.


text:
Create a free account to check out faster, store multiple shipping addresses, view and track your orders in your account, and much more.
Please enter your password to continue.
Not as great as I expected. The poppy was a bright neon, and it wasn't dyed all the way through. This is going back.1


text:
The same area can be liposuctioned again. Find the plastic surgeon with ELITE credentials who performs hundreds of liposuction and Brazilian buttlift procedures each year. Kenneth Hughes, MD Los Angeles, CA
If You Have Had Liposuction Before, Can You Still Be Liposuctioned in the Same Place for a Bbl?
Doctor Answers 5
Same Area Liposuctioned Again
Web reference: http://www.hughesplasticsurgery.com/Liposuction.php
Repeat Liposuction
Liposuction can be performed in the same area. However, it is technically more difficult because of scar tissue from the 1st liposuction. Viable fat can be transferred to use for a brazilian butt lift.
Best Wishes,
Gary Horndeski, M.D.
Web reference: http://www.horndeski.com/gallery.aspx
Free fat grafting after previous liposuction
If you have extra fat in an area previously liposuctioned it can be liposuctioned again. The survival of the reinjection of this fat into other areas of the body is dependent on surgeon and surgical technique. It should not matter that the area has been previously liposuctioned.
My response to your question/post does not represent formal medical advice or constitute a doctor patient relationship. You need to consult with i.e. personally see a board certified plastic surgeon in order to receive a formal evaluation and develop a doctor patient relationship.
You might also like...
Liposuction repeat
Liposuction can certainly be performed in areas that still have fat and this can be used for a brazilian butt lift.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


text:
At Universal Studios®, experience a side of Springfield previously unexplored in the first-ever mega-attraction based on the blockbuster TV series - The Simpsons! Then face the rage of the world's first blockbuster roller coaster, Revenge of the Mummy, or escape into the thrilling worlds of Jurassic Park® - The Ride, Terminator and other blockbuster movies.
Head over to SeaWorld® to see the Shamu Show, play with your favorite Sesame Street characters, and experience rides such as Journey To Atlantis, Shipwreck Rapids and more!
In order to access this discount you will need to join Hotels Etc.! If you are already a member then register or login to access this discount.


text:
Annual Walter Blum Blood Drive Set For 1/9
The annual Walter Blum Blood Drive has been set this year for January 9 from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., which will be held at the St. Francis de Sales Church auditorium.
In the 1940's, when he was still in high school, Walter Blum started donating blood and he continued this humanitarian effort through his lifetime. In the late 1960's, the son of Bobby Bornstein, a longtime family friend, was diagnosed with leukemia.
Walter, Dean Georges, Bill Blum Sr., Msgr. John Brakcen, Chester Maskin and other family and friends went every Tuesday and donated platelets at Memorial Sloan Kettering Hospital.
Unfortunately, young Joey Bornstein lost his life to cancer but he gave Walter and so many others the encouragement and commitment to continue to donate blood and platelets.
For many years, Walter and the group would load up the station wagon and head to NYC every Tuesday and also early on Thanksgiving mornings and on Christmas eves to give their pints. Some of Walter's friends still carry on this wonderful tradition. One of the greatest pleasures he had in his life was knowing that he was able to keep a child alive for another Christmas. That is one of the reasons this time of year is chosen to organize a blood drive.


text:
Do NOT tell SO!
He was taking a bath this morning and called STACI! WHAT THE HELL! and he pulled a big mucusy glob off of his ankle and said "what is this! What's wrong with me!"
I said that maybe it was adhesive from all the medical tags he had on him from being in the hospital last night, which he did have on. But it was a large glob. Thinking now there's no way it was from that...
He would probably throw up if he read this. Hope he doesn't. The glob was clear- I googled pictures and it kind of matched... Just no blood in it. I got the idea after getting twinges of pain in my vagina. I thought- oh maybe i'm losing my plug! Then I remembered.... BAM- connection
I took a bath last night and no one has showered since... :(
Think it was adhesive from his medical tags or my mucus plug?
Asked by staciandababy at 5:37 PM on Nov. 14, 2012 in PregnancyLevel 38 (102,010 Credits)
Answer by JulieJacobKyle at 5:42 PM on Nov. 14, 2012
It's your way of returning the "glob" he gave you nearly 9 mos ago! ROFLMAO!!!
Answer by mrsmom110 at 5:47 PM on Nov. 14, 2012
Answer by QuinnMae at 5:41 PM on Nov. 14, 2012
Sounds like your plug to me... I lost mine 2 weeks before I had oldest DS lol... this is an interesting story on losing it though, I think you win the prize!
Answer by amazinggrace83 at 5:58 PM on Nov. 14, 2012
Answer by hopeandglory53 at 6:30 PM on Nov. 14, 2012
Answer by texasgurl33 at 7:35 PM on Nov. 14, 2012
Answer by kp0469 at 6:04 PM on Nov. 14, 2012
Answer by kmath at 6:34 PM on Nov. 14, 2012
Answer by hopeandglory53 at 6:50 PM on Nov. 14, 2012
Answer by hopeandglory53 at 1:00 PM on Nov. 15, 2012
Next question in Pregnancy
Doctor frustration!
Next question overall
(School-Age Kids (5-8))
Sad school situation: continued
Already Joined? LOG IN
© 2017 CMI Marketing, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
- About this Journal ·
- Abstracting and Indexing ·
- Aims and Scope ·
- Article Processing Charges ·
- Articles in Press ·
- Author Guidelines ·
- Bibliographic Information ·
- Citations to this Journal ·
- Contact Information ·
- Editorial Board ·
- Editorial Workflow ·
- Free eTOC Alerts ·
- Publication Ethics ·
- Reviewers Acknowledgment ·
- Submit a Manuscript ·
- Subscription Information ·
- Table of Contents
International Journal of Analytical Chemistry
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 934357, 11 pages
Utilization of N-Bromosuccinimide as a Brominating Agent for the Determination of Sumatriptan Succinate in Bulk Drug and Tablets
Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India
Received 27 February 2013; Accepted 16 June 2013
Academic Editor: Jan Åke Jönsson
Copyright © 2013 Kudige N. Prashanth et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
One titrimetric and two spectrophotometric methods which are simple, sensitive, and economic are described for the determination of sumatriptan succinate (STS) in bulk drug and in tablet dosage form using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as a brominating agent. In titrimetry, aqueous solution of STS is treated with a measured excess of NBS in acetic acid medium, and after the bromination of STS is judged to be complete, the unreacted NBS is determined iodometrically (method A). Spectrophotometric methods entail addition of a known excess of NBS in acid medium followed by the determination of residual NBS by its reaction with excess iodide, and the liberated iodine () is either measured at 370 nm (method B) or liberated iodine is reacted with starch followed by the measurement of the blue colored starch-iodine complex at 570 nm (method C). Titrimetric method is applicable over range 1.0–10.0 mg STS (method A), and the reaction stoichiometry is found to be 1 : 3 (STS : NBS). The spectrophotometric methods obey Beer's law for concentration range 0.6–15.0 μg mL−1 (method B) and 0.2–4.0 μg mL−1 (method C). The calculated apparent molar absorptivity values were found to be 2.10 × 104 and 7.44 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1, for method B and method C, respectively.
1. Introduction
Triptans are a group of tryptamine-based drugs used in the acute treatment of migraine headaches. Sumatriptan succinate (Figure 1) is one among them and is structurally related to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Sumatriptan succinate (STS) is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtype (a member of the 5-HT 1D family) having only a week affinity for , , and 5-HT7 receptors and chemically designated as [3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-5-yl]-N-methylmethanesulphonamide hydrogen butanedioate [1]. STS acts by selectively binding to serotonin type-1D receptors (serotonin agonist) and rapidly terminates a migraine attack while eliminating associated symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and light and sound sensitivity [2].
STS has official monographs in BP [1], EP [3], and USP [4] which describe liquid chromatographic methods for the assay of STS. From the literature survey, it is found that high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used for the assay of STS in human plasma [5, 6], human serum [7], rabbit plasma [8], and human plasma and urine [9] whereas liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry is used (LC-MS/MS) in body fluids [10] and human plasma [11]. Several methods have been reported for the determination of STS in pharmaceuticals and include UV-spectrophotometry [12–16], HPLC [17–20], ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) [21], high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) [16, 22], capillary electrophoresis [23], micellar electrokinetic chromatography [24], and voltammetry [25–27].
Besides, STS in pharmaceuticals is reported to have been determined by visible spectrophotometry employing different reaction schemes. Two methods were reported by Kalyanaramu and Raghubabu [28]; first method was based on oxidative coupling of STS with brucine in presence of sodium metaperiodate, and the second method was based on the formation of internal salt between drug and aconitic anhydride, dehydration product of citric acid with acetic anhydride. The same authors reported a method based on the formation of inner molecular complex between drug and sodium nitroprusside in acetaldehyde [29]. A green colored ternary complex formed by the drug with cobalt-thiocyanate was extracted into benzene and measured at 630 nm and served as the basis of its assay [30]. Tropaeolin 000 is reported to form chloroform extractable orange-colored ion-pair with STS having an absorption maximum at 483 nm, and this was used for the sensitive assay of the drug by Kalyanaramu and Raghubabu [31].
Kalyanaramu et al. [32] reported two methods based on charge transfer reaction. The first method is based on the formation of charge transfer complex between the drug and chloranil, while the second method is based on the interaction of N-alkyl vinyl amine formed from the condensation of the free secondary amine group in the drug and acetaldehyde with p-chloranil to give vinyl amino substituted quinone. Fathima et al. [33] reported a method based on C-T complexation reaction of drug with p-chloranilic acid. The reaction between STS and sodium salt of 1,2-naphthaquinone-4-sulphonic acid (Folin reagent) yielded a brown colored chromogen [34] forming the basis for the assay of the drug. Based on a well-known redox reaction and employing Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent [35], the drug in pharmaceutical dosage forms was determined by Tipre and Vivia. Satyanarayana and Rao [36] have described two methods using the reaction between drug and in situ bromine and the unreacted bromine measured either by methyl orange or indigo carmine.
No titrimetric method was found in the literature for the quantification of STS in pharmaceuticals. The reported visible spectrophotometric methods suffer from one or more disadvantages such as rigid pH control, heating and/or extraction step, use of multistep reaction/s, longer contact time, less stable colored species, and narrow linear dynamic range as indicated in Table 1.
The present paper describes one titrimetric and two visible spectrophotometric methods based on the bromination reaction by NBS. Simplicity, sensitivity, wide linear ranges, mild experimental conditions, and above all cost-effectiveness characterize the proposed methods. Optimum conditions were established and all the methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The validated methods when applied to the determination of STS in tablets yielded results which were in good agreement with the label claim.
2. Experiment
2.1. Apparatus
A Systronics model 106 digital spectrophotometer with 1 cm path length matched quartz cells was used to record the absorbance values.
2.2. Reagents and Standards
All chemicals used were of analytical reagent grade. Distilled water was used throughout the investigation.
N-Bromosuccinimide (0.01 M, 200 μg mL−1 and 60 μg mL−1). An approximately 0.01 M solution was prepared by dissolving about 1.8 g of NBS (SRL Research Chemicals, Mumbai, India) in water with the aid of heat and diluted to one liter water. The solution was standardized iodometrically [37] and kept in an amber colored bottle and stored in a refrigerator and used in titrimetry. It was diluted appropriately to get working concentrations of 200 and 60 μg mL−1 NBS for use in spectrophotometric method B and method C, respectively.
Potassium Iodide. A 5% potassium iodide (Merck, Mumbai, India) solution was prepared by dissolving 5 g potassium iodide with water in a 100 mL calibrated flask. This solution was prepared afresh daily. A 2% solution was prepared separately for spectrophotometric work.
Starch Solution. One gram of starch (LOBA Chemie Ltd., Mumbai, India) was made into paste with water and slowly poured with constant stirring into 100 mL boiling water, boiled for 5 min, cooled, and used. This solution was prepared freshly every day.
Hydrochloric Acid. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (Merck, Mumbai, India, Sp. gr. 1.18) was diluted appropriately with water to get 2 M HCl for use in all the methods.
Sodium Acetate. A 3 M aqueous solution of sodium acetate was prepared by dissolving suitable quantity of sodium acetate trihydrate crystals (Merck, Mumbai, India) in water for use in spectrophotometric method B.
Standard Solution of STS. Pharmaceutical grade sumatriptan succinate sample (purity 99.5%) was received from MSN laboratories, Hyderabad, India, as gift sample and was used as received. A stock standard solution equivalent to 1.0 mg mL−1 of STS was prepared by dissolving accurately weighed 250 mg of pure drug in water and diluted to mark in a 250 mL calibrated flask with the same solvent. The solution (1 mg mL−1 STS) was used in titrimetric work and diluted appropriately with water to get the working concentrations of 30 and 10 μg mL−1 STS for use in spectrophotometric method B and method C, respectively.
Two brands of tablets, namely, Suminat-25 and Suminat-50 (Sun Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Sikkim, India), both were purchased from local commercial sources.
2.3. General Procedures
2.3.1. Titrimetry (Method A)
A 10.0 mL aliquot of pure drug solution containing 1.0–10.0 mg of STS was measured accurately and transferred into a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The solution was acidified by adding 5 mL of 2.0 M HCl. Then 10 mL of 0.01 M NBS was added by means of a pipette and the flask was let stand for 15 min at room temperature. Lastly, 5 mL of 5% KI was added, and after 5 min the liberated iodine was titrated against 0.02 M sodium thiosulphate using 1 mL of 1% starch as an indicator. A blank experiment was simultaneously performed.
The amount of STS was computed from the following formula: where is mL of titrant in the absence of sample, is mL of titrant in the presence of the sample, is relative molecular mass of drug, is strength of NBS, and is number of moles of titrant reacting with per mole of STS.
2.3.2. Spectrophotometric Method B (Based on the Measurement of Tri-Iodide Ion)
Varying aliquots (0.2–5.0 mL) of standard STS solution (30 μg mL−1) were accurately transferred into a series of 10 mL calibrated flasks and the total volume was adjusted to 5.0 mL with water. One mL of 2 M HCl was added to each flask followed by the addition of 1 mL NBS solution (200 μg mL−1 in NBS). The content was mixed well and let stand for 15 min with occasional shaking. Then, 1.0 mL of 3 M sodium acetate solution was added to each flask followed by 1 mL of 2% potassium iodide. The volume was brought to the mark with water and the absorbance of the resulting tri-iodide ion was measured at 370 nm after 5 min against water blank.
2.3.3. Spectrophotometric Method C (Based on the Measurement of Starch-Iodine Complex)
Into a series of 10 mL calibrated flasks, different aliquots (0.2–4.0 mL) of standard STS (10 μg mL−1) solution were transferred using a microburette. The total volume in each flask was brought to 4 mL by adding required quantity of water. The solution was acidified by adding 1 mL of 2 M HCl, and 1 mL of NBS (60 μg mL−1 in NBS) solution was then added to each flask. The flasks were kept aside for 15 min with periodic shaking; 1 mL of 2% potassium iodide was added and the content was mixed well. After 5 min, 1 mL of 1% starch solution was added to each flask and the volume was made up to the mark with water and mixed well. The absorbance of the resulting blue chromogen was measured at 570 nm against water blank after 5 min.
A standard graph was prepared by plotting absorbance against concentration and the unknown concentration was read from the graph or computed from the regression equation derived using Beer's law data.
2.3.4. Assay Procedure for Tablets
Twenty tablets each containing 25 or 50 mg of STS were weighed accurately and ground into a fine powder. To prepare a standard stock solution of tablet, an amount of the powder equivalent to 100 mg of STS was accurately weighed into a 100 mL volumetric flask, and 60 mL water was added and content shaken thoroughly for about 20 min. The volume was diluted to the mark with water, mixed well, and filtered using Whatman no. 42 filter paper. First 10 mL portion of the filtrate was rejected and a convenient aliquot of filtrate (containing 1 mg mL−1 STS) was taken for assay by titrimetric procedure. Further, the standard stock solution of tablet was diluted stepwise to achieve 30 and 10 μg mL−1 of STS for use in spectrophotometric method B and method C, respectively. A suitable aliquot was then subjected to analysis following the procedures described earlier.
2.3.5. Procedure for the Analysis of Placebo Blank and Synthetic Mixture
A placebo blank containing starch (10 mg), acacia (15 mg), hydroxyl cellulose (20 mg), sodium citrate (30 mg), lactose (10 mg), talc (60 mg), acacia (30 mg), magnesium stearate (25 mg), and sodium alginate (30 mg) was prepared, and 20 mg of the placebo blank was extracted with water and the solution was made as described under "assay procedure for tablets" and then subjected to analysis.
A synthetic mixture was prepared by adding 50 mg of STS to about 25 mg of the placebo blank prepared earlier, homogenized, and the solution was prepared as done under "assay procedure for tablets." The filtrate was collected in a 50 mL flask. The synthetic mixture solution was analysed by titrimetry and then appropriately diluted with water to get 30.0 and 10.0 μg mL−1 STS solutions, and appropriate aliquots were subjected to analysis by method B and method C, separately.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemistry
NBS is widely used as an oxidizing or brominating reagent for the determination of many pharmaceutically important compounds [38–41]. It is also a specific reagent for the bromination of organic compounds at allylic position [42]. As NBS is a mild oxidizing agent, the only possible reaction between STS and NBS would be bromination at the two allylic positions and a secondary amine present in pyrrole ring present in STS. This was supported by a reaction stoichiometry of 1 : 3 between STS and NBS. The possible reaction scheme is presented in Scheme 1. The proposed methods are indirect and involve the determination of unreacted NBS after allowing the reaction between STS and a measured amount of NBS go to completion. The amount of iodine liberated, by the reaction of unreacted NBS with potassium iodide, was either measured directly at 370 nm or reacted with starch, and resulting blue colored chromogen of starch-iodine complex was measured at 570 nm whereas iodometric back titration procedure was used in titrimetry.
3.2. Optimization of Reaction Conditions
3.2.1. Titrimetry
Direct titration of STS with NBS was not feasible due to slow reaction. In the indirect procedure, a known excess of NBS was allowed to react with STS in acid medium and the unreacted NBS was subsequently determined iodometrically. At optimum acid concentration (5 mL of 2 M HCl in a total volume of 25 mL), the reaction goes to completion within 15 min. At lower acid concentration (less than 3 mL of 5 M HCl) the reaction stoichiometry was slightly less and at higher acid concentration (up to 8 mL of 5 M HCl) regular stoichiometry was observed. Under the optimized reaction condition, there was found to be a definite reaction stoichiometry of 1 : 3 between STS and NBS within the range of 1.0–10.0 mg STS. Contact time of 5 minute, was sufficient for the complete liberation of iodine from the unreacted NBS.
3.2.2. Spectrophotometry
In spectrophotometric methods, the amount of iodine liberated, by the reaction of unreacted bromine with potassium iodide, was either measured directly at 370 in method B or reacted with starch, and resulting blue colored chromogen of starch-iodide complex is measured at 570 nm for method C (Figure 2).
Optimization of NBS. To fix the optimum concentration of NBS, different concentrations of NBS were treated with a fixed concentration (1 mL 2% KI) of potassium iodide in method B and potassium iodide and starch (1 mL 1% starch) in method C in HCl medium and the absorbance was measured at 370 nm and 570 nm, respectively. A constant and maximum absorbance resulted in 20 μg mL−1 NBS in method B and 6 μg mL−1 NBS in method C. Hence, different concentrations of STS were treated with 1 mL of 200 μg mL−1 NBS (method B) and 60 μg mL−1 NBS (method C) in HCl medium before determining the residual NBS as illustrated in the reaction Scheme 1. This facilitated the optimization of the linear dynamic ranges over which procedure could be applied for the assay of STS.
Effect of Acid Concentration. The reaction between STS and NBS was performed in different acid media. Better results were obtained in hydrochloric acid medium. The effect of acid concentration on the reaction between STS and NBS was studied by varying the concentration of HCl keeping the concentrations of NBS and drug fixed. The reaction was found to be rapid yielding a constant absorbance with maximum sensitivity and stability when the HCl concentration was maintained in the range of 0.18–0.75 M (0.5 to 3.0 mL 2 M HCl). Therefore, 1 mL of 2 M HCl in a total volume of 6 mL (0.33 M) was used in both methods (Figure 3).
Reaction Time and Color Stability. The effect of time on the reaction between STS and NBS in the presence of HCl was studied by keeping all other reaction conditions unchanged. The absorbance of the colored species was measured after different reaction times (5.0–30.0 min) and the results showed that the reaction was complete within 15 min in both method B and C. The absorbance of yellow tri-iodide ion in method B and starch-iodide complex chromogen in method C remained stable for at least 1 hr.
Role of Sodium Acetate. The liberation of iodine in method B did not stop even after 30 min under the specified acidic conditions, but on adding sodium acetate the reaction ceased immediately. The amount of sodium acetate required was optimized as 1 mL of 3 M sodium acetate in a total volume of 10 mL. In method C, the reaction was ceased by optimum amount of starch (1 mL of 1% starch).
3.3. Method Validation
The proposed methods have been validated for linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, precision, accuracy, and recovery according ICH guidelines [43].
3.3.1. Linearity, Detection, and Quantification Limits
The reaction stoichiometry for the titrimetric procedure was 1 : 3 owing to the presence of two allylic groups and a secondary aromatic amine in STS and the range of quantification was 1.0–10.0 mg STS. A linear correlation was found between absorbance and concentration of STS in the spectrophotometric methods. Regression analysis of Beer's law data using the method of least squares was made to evaluate the slope (), intercept (), and the correlation coefficient () and the calculated values are given in Table 2. The graph showed negligible intercept and is described by the regression equation , where is the measured absorbance and concentration in μg mL−1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), sensitivity parameters such as molar absorptivity, and Sandell sensitivity are also contained in Table 2.
3.3.2. Accuracy and Precision
The accuracy of an analytical method expresses the closeness between the reference value and the found value. Accuracy was evaluated as percentage relative error between the measured concentrations and taken concentrations for STS (Bias%). The results obtained are compiled in Table 3 and show that the accuracy is good for the methods.
The precision of the method was calculated in terms of intermediate precision (intra-day and inter-day). Three different concentrations of STS were analyzed in seven replicates during the same day (intra-day precision) and five consecutive days (inter-day precision). The RSD (%) values of intra-day and inter-day studies showed that the precision was good (Table 3).
3.3.3. Robustness and Ruggedness
To evaluate the robustness of the methods, volume of HCl was slightly altered ( mL) with reference to optimum values in titrimetry. However, in spectrophotometry, the reaction time (after adding NBS, time varied was min in both methods B and C) and volume of 2 M HCl were slightly altered ( mL) in both B and C methods. To check the ruggedness, analysis was performed using four different burettes in method A and three different cuvettes in methods B and C. The robustness and the ruggedness were checked at three different drug levels (4, 6, 8 mg in method A; 6, 9, 12 μg mL−1 in method B; and 1, 2, 3 μg mL−1 in method C). The intermediate precision, expressed as percent RSD, which is a measure of robustness and ruggedness, was within the acceptable limits (0.89–2.27%) as shown in Table 4.
3.3.4. Selectivity
The proposed methods were tested for selectivity by placebo blank and synthetic mixture analyses. A convenient aliquot of the placebo blank solution, prepared as described earlier, was subjected to analysis by titrimetry and spectrophotometry according to the general procedures. In all the cases, there was no interference by the inactive ingredients present in the placebo mixture.
A separate experiment was performed with the synthetic mixture. The analysis of synthetic mixture solution prepared earlier yielded percent recoveries which ranged from 98.77 to 102.6 with standard deviation of 0.89–1.74 in all the cases. The results of this study indicate that the inactive ingredients present in the synthetic mixture did not interfere in the assay. These results further demonstrate the accuracy, as well as the precision, of the proposed methods.
3.3.5. Application to Tablets Analysis
The proposed methods were applied to determine STS in same brand of tablets with two different doses. The results were statically compared with those obtained by the published reference method [12] for accuracy and precision by applying the Student's t-test and variance ratio F-test. The published reference method describes UV-spectrophotometric method for detection of STS in tablet formulation at 220 nm. Statistical analysis of the results using Student's t-test for accuracy and F-test for precision revealed no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reference method at the 95% confidence level with respect to accuracy and precision (Table 5).
3.3.6. Recovery Studies
The accuracy and validity of the proposed methods were further ascertained by performing recovery studies. Preanalysed tablet powder was spiked with pure STS at three concentration levels (50%, 100%, and 150% of that in tablet powder) and the total was found by the proposed methods. The added STS recovery percent values ranged between 98.20% and 103.0% with a standard deviation of 0.05–1.56. The results of this study given in Table 6 indicated that the recovery was good, and that the coformulated substances did not interfere in the determination.
4. Conclusions
Three simple, sensitive, and selective methods are described for the determination of STS in tablets employing NBS as the brominating reagent. Titrimetry is applicable over 1.0–10.0 mg range, and it is the first titrimetric method has ever been reported for the assay of STS in pharmaceuticals. The proposed spectrophotometric methods are characterized by high sensitivity and stability of the measured colored species. The proposed spectrophotometric methods are more sensitive than most of the reported methods in terms of both linear range and molar absorptivity. The proposed methods are simple, rapid, economic, and not involved in strict pH control and use of organic solvents, whereas most of the reported methods require rigid pH control, extraction step, and multistep reactions. Besides, the methods possess adequate accuracy and precision, and no interference from the excipients and coating materials was found. Hence, the methods can be employed for routine analysis in quality control laboratories.
The authors thank the authorities of the University of Mysore, Mysore, for permission and facilities. Authors thank MSN laboratories, Hyderabad, India, for gifting pure STS. They do not have any conflict of interests with the commercial identities mentioned in the paper.
- British Pharmacopoeia, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, vol. 2, London, UK, 1964.
- Conquering headache, Alan M.Rapoport, Decker DTC Hamilton, London, UK, 4th edition, 2003.
- European Pharmacopoeia, EDQM Council of Europe, vol. 2, Staranborg, France, 2007.
- The United States Pharmacopoeia, USP Convention, INC, Twinbrook, 12th edition, 2004.
- Z. Ge, E. Tessier, L. Neirinck, and Z. Zhu, "High performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of sumatriptan with fluorescence detection in human plasma," Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 806, no. 2, pp. 299–303, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Franklin, J. Odontiadis, and E. M. Clement, "Determination of sumatriptan succinate in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric detection and utilization of solid-phase extraction," Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 681, no. 2, pp. 416–420, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Dunne and P. Andrew, "Fully automated assay for the determination of sumatriptan in human serum using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection," Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 721–726, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. Sheshala, N. Khan, and Y. Darwis, "Validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of sumatriptan in rabbit plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study," Journal of Pharmacy and PharmacologyNo, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 98–107, 2012. View at Google Scholar
- P. D. Andrew, H. L. Birch, and D. A. Phillpot, "Determination of sumatriptan succinate in plasma and urine by high- performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 73–76, 1993. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. N. Cheng, M. J. Redrup, A. Barrow, and P. N. Williams, "Validation of a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of sumatriptan in human biological fluids," Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 399–408, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Oxford and M. S. Lant, "Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for the determination of sumatriptan in plasma," Journal of Chromatography, vol. 496, no. 1, pp. 137–146, 1989. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. E. Prabahar, R. Kalaichelvi, B. Thangabalan, R. Karthikeyan, C. Prabhakar, and P. V. Kumar, "Validated spectroscopic method for estimation of sumatriptan succinate in pure and from tablet formulation," Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 495–497, 2009. View at Google Scholar
- R. P. Gondalia and A. P. Dharamsi, "Spectrophotometric simultaneous estimation of sumatriptan succinate and naproxen sodium in tablet dosage forms," Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 31–32, 2011. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. R. Pourmand, M. S. Azar, and M. Aghavalijamaat, "Development of validated UV spectrophotometric method for in vitro analysis of sumatriptan in pharmaceutical preparations in comparison with HPLC," Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 585–589, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Trinath, S. K. Banerjee, H. D. Teja, and C. G. Bonde, "Development and validation of spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of sumatriptan and naproxen sodium in tablet dosage form," Der Pharmacia Sinica, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 36–41, 2010. View at Google Scholar
- L. I. Bebawy, A. A. Moustafa, and N. F. Abo-Talib, "Stability-indicating methods for the determination of sumatriptan succinate," Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1123–1133, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. B. Avadhanulu, J. S. Srinivas, and Y. Anjaneyulu, "Reverse phase HPLC and colorimetric determination of sumatriptan succinate in its drug form," Indian Drugs, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 334–337, 1996. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- V. A. Shirsat, S. Y. Gabhe, and S. G. Deshpande, "High performance liquid chromatographic determination of sumatriptan succinate from pharmaceutical preparation," Indian Drugs, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 404–407, 1998. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Singh and R. Jain, "Stability indicating HPLC method for the determination of sumatriptan succinate in pharmaceutical preparations and its application in dissolution rate studies," Indian Drugs, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 527–531, 1997. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- N. Badwe, N. Sharma, and N. Agarwal, "HPLC determination of sumatriptan succinate in pharmaceutical dosage forms," Eastern Pharmacist, vol. 40, no. 475, pp. 121–122, 1997. View at Google Scholar
- Y. R. Reddy, K. K. Kumar, M. R. P. Reddy, and K. Mukkanti, "Rapid simultaneous determination of sumatriptan succinate and naproxen sodium in combined tablets by validated ultra performance liquid chromatographic method," Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1–6, 2011. View at Google Scholar
- D. N. Tipre and P. R. Vavia, "Estimation of Sumatriptan succinate in pharmaceutical dosage form by spectrophotometric and HPTLC method," Indian Drugs, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 501–505, 1999. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. D. Altria and S. D. Filbey, "Quantitative determination of sumatriptan by capillary electrophoresis," Analytical Proceedings, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 363–365, 1993. View at Google Scholar
- K. M. Al Azzam, B. Saad, C. Y. Tat, I. Mat, and H. Y. Aboul-Enein, "Stability-indicating micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the analysis of sumatriptan succinate in pharmaceutical formulations," Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 937–943, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. Sagar, J. M. Fernandez Alvarez, C. Hua, M. R. Smyth, and R. Munden, "Differential pulse voltammetric determination of sumatriptan succinate (1:1) in a tablet dosage form," Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 17–21, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Shahrokhian, Z. Kamalzadeh, and R.-S. Saberi, "Glassy carbon electrode modified with a bilayer of multi-walled carbon nanotube and polypyrrole doped with new coccine: application to the sensitive electrochemical determination of Sumatriptan," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 56, no. 27, pp. 10032–10038, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Amiri, Z. Pakdel, A. Bezaatpour, and S. Shahrokhian, "Electrocatalytic determination of sumatriptan on the surface of carbon-paste electrode modified with a composite of cobalt/Schiff-base complex and carbon nanotube," Bioelectrochemistry, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 81–85, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Kalyanaramu and K. Raghubabu, "Visible spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of sumatriptan succinate in bulk and dosage forms," Acta Ciencia Indica, Chemistry, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 143–147, 2011. View at Google Scholar
- B. Kalyanaramu and K. Raghubabu, "A simple visible spectrophotometric determination of sumatriptan succinate from pharmaceutical formulations," Der Pharma Chemica, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 223–228, 2011. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. K. Ramu and K. Raghubabu, "A simple colorimetric determination of sumatriptan succinate from tablet dosage forms using cobalt thio cyanate," International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1411–1418, 2011. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Kalyana Ramu and K. Raghubabu, "Ion association method for the determination of sumatriptan succinate from tablet dosage forms using tropaeolin OOO," International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 175–178, 2011. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Kalyanaramu, G. Rupakumari, K. Ramarao, and K. Raghubabu, "Development of new visible spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of sumatriptan succinate based on charge-transfer complex formation," International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 47–51, 2011. View at Google Scholar
- A. Fathima, S. Rao, and G. Venkateshwarlu, "Quantitative determination of drugs & pharmaceuticals using p-chloranilic acid as reagent," International Journal of ChemTech Research, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 79–91, 2012. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Kalyanaramu and K. Raghubabu, "Visible spectrophotometric determination of sumatriptan succinate in tablet dosage forms using folin reagent," International Journal of Pharmaceutical Biomedcal SciencesNo, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 49–52, 2010. View at Google Scholar
- D. N. Tipre and P. R. Vavia, "Estimation of Sumatriptan succinate in pharmaceutical dosage form by spectrophotometric and HPTLC method," Indian Drugs, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 501–505, 1999. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. V. V. Satyanarayana and P. N. Rao, "Sensitive bromatometric methods for the determination of sumatriptan succinate in pharmaceutical formulations," E-Journal of Chemistry, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 269–275, 2011. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Berka, J. Vulterin, and J. Zyka, Newer Redox Titrants, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, USA, 1965.
- N. K. Mathur and C. K. Narang, The Determination of Organic Compounds With N-Bromosuccinimide and Allied Reagents, Academic Press, New York, NY, USA, 1975.
- K. B. Vinay, H. D. Revanasiddappa, O. Z. Devi, P. J. Ramesh, and K. Basavaiah, "Rapid titrimetric and spectrophotometric determination of ofloxacin in pharmaceuticals using N-bromosuccinimide," Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 251–260, 2011. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- O. Zenita and K. Basavaiah, "Utility of N-bromosuccinimide for the titrimetric and spectrophotometric determination of famotidine in pharmaceutical formulations," International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. 2011, Article ID 581372, 11 pages, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- K. N. Prashanth and K. Basavaiah, "Sensitive and selective methods for the determination of rizatriptan benzoate in pharmaceuticals using N-bromosuccinimide and two dyes," Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, vol. 2012, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- R. T. Morison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, NJ, USA, 6th edition, 1992.
- Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline, Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(R 1), Complementary Guideline on Methodology dated 06 November 1996, incorporated in November 2005, London.


text:
My lower jaw surgery was done 6 months ago, to correct mandibular prognathism. The surgery was done from inside of my mouth, yet there is a scar on lower right side of my lip..I tried a silicone gel application for 3 months...dint work, i took 1 session of laser scar removal, still no change...the size of my scar is too small....what do I do??
Post Lower Jaw Surgery Scar? (photo)
Doctor Answers 1
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.