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Communications and Information Policy Programme
Style information: The full programme name takes capital letters. For an abbreviated form, use "policy programme".
Source: APC Annual Report 2005
Hungarians fight back
Boom! Everything goes black. Hungary goes black.
Do you remember 'Blackout 4 Hungary'? A little more than a year ago, Hungarian net activists initiated a "movement calling on all Hungarians to turn their websites black starting with 5 January 2011," as a protest against internet censorship.
ICT Policy in Africa and the Internet and Human Rights
In this post, I am going to address two main issues: the need and role of ICT policy in Africa, and the relationship between Internet and human rights. The landscape of ICTs probably is the fastest growing sector ever experienced with any medium or any transformative technology.
2nd Asia Pacific Regional IGF (APrIGF) 2011
Internet is everywhere a part of our lives, its importance most vividly captured in the recent news in the Middle East for political change, and in Japan in the aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami. This importance has been noticed by governments, business and civil society groups.
UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development Fourteenth session
The fourteenth session of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) will be held in Geneva from 23 to 27 May 2011.
The Commission will address two of its priority themes within the framework of its multi-year work programme, namely:
1. Technologies to address challenges in areas such as agriculture and water
2. Measuring the impact of information and communications t
Bangladesh consultation on AMARC 10 World Conference of Community Radio Broadcasters
Bangladesh consultation on AMARC 10 World Conference of Community Radio Broadcasters
Bangladesh consultation on AMARC 10 World Conference of Community Radio Broadcasters was taken place at LGED meeting room, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
The focus of the consultation is recovering Memory Building the Future: Community Radio and Poverty Reduction, Social Inclusion, Good Governance and Sustainable H
Focuss upDATE - October 2010
In August 2010 the Focuss Info Initiative (www.focuss.info) distributed its very first upDATE. This upDATE gave an overview of the four activities of the Initiative: workSHOPS, inVIDEO, learningFUND and a-CONFERENCE. In this upDATE, we will show what happened around these activities in the past two months.
Let's start with inVIDEO.
Bangladesh: Call for Achieving Vision-2021
Mentioned that the NGOs will put forward the national development goals of the Government of Bangladesh and work as the supplementary force of the government efforts. Envisioning a Bangladesh by 2021, a middle income country where poverty will be drastically reduced; citizens will be able to meet every basic need and development will be on fast track with ever-increasing rates of growth.
Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication @5th IGF 2010 Vilnius, Lithuania
Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication @5th IGF 2010 Vilnius, Lithuania
AHM Bazlur Rahman-S21BR, Chief Executive Officer of Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication will join the IGF in Vilnius, Lithuania, on 14-17 September, 2010, along with
Bangladesh head of Delegation H.E. Mr.
Bangladesh Pre-Consultation on the 2nd World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters Asia Pacific (AMARC-AP)
Report on
Bangladesh Pre-Consultation on the 2nd World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters Asia Pacific (AMARC-AP) Regional Conference
'With a view to addressing crucial social issues at community level, GoB approved the Community Radio Installation, Broadcast and Operation Policy 2008… This policy is one of the most comprehensively written community radio policy in Asia'.
Coordination must to achieve Digital Bangladesh
In spite of sporadic developments towards Digital Bangladesh, coordination in the process has become the most essential need of the time.


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Genius GX Manticore Gaming Keyboard Review
The mythical Manticore title might be the perfect name for the latest keyboard offering from Genius' GX Gaming line as it is exotic yet familiar at the same time. It is made up of several features that users have come to expect from a high-end gaming oriented input device but it is half the price of top shelf gaming keyboards offered by its competitors. Displacing GX Gaming's own Imperator Pro as their brand`s premier keyboard offering, the Genius GX Gaming Manticore keyboard boasts extensive RGB backlighting options, powerful macro recording and USB pass-through capabilities… at Modders-Inc

subset: commoncrawl


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Last week, we told you about the launch of Wigibuy, a social commerce site with a philanthropic component started by two marketing firms, Wagner/Junker Agency and Synthesis. In today's podcast, we talk with Jeff Wagner, a WJAgency principle about why they launched the site and how they will make it successful in the long term.
According to Wagner, the firms wanted to do something "a little different" while still bringing "their backgrounds to social commerce." Wagner is confident there will be other social shopping sites in the future.
"We think there's room for lots of different [people] to do this," he says.
In the podcast below, we jump right into the goals of the site. Click to listen.


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This is a discussion on Here Is What Your Children Are Being Taught In School within the Off Topic & Humor Discussion forums, part of the The Back Porch category; Public Education = Communist Drivel....
Public Education = Communist Drivel.
I would rather die with good men than hide with cowards
If you want to make God laugh, tell him your plans
Don't ever think that the reason I'm peaceful is because I don't know how to be violent
M&Pc .357SIG, 2340Sigpro .357SIG
As we used to teach in the spook business, carry a 25 if it makes you feel good, but do not ever load it. If you load it you may shoot it. If you shoot it you may hit somebody, and if you hit somebody - and he finds out about it - he may be very angry with you. -- Jeff Cooper
WARNING: This post may contain material offensive to those who lack wit, humor, common sense and/or supporting factual or anecdotal evidence. All statements and assertions contained herein may be subject to literary devices not limited to: irony, metaphor, allusion and dripping sarcasm.
The published communist doctrine finds only one way that communism can be spread. Of course the main thrust of a definition of communism can be found in the word itself. Communal of course was born out of Karl Marx. The definition is basically everybody provides for the common good, shared wealth, responsibility, and work. This is what Obama is trying to achieve. We tried it in this country back in the 60's and 70's. It was highlighted in the movie "Easy Rider". There are no hippie communes left. The reason it doesn't work is because all power is sacrificed to a central government and the rest of us are required to feed the central government. All incentive for hard work and individualism is removed.
Communism will flourish when the central government can separate the children from the family at a very early age. I don't mean take them physically, but get them indoctrinated by a communist education system very early, around 3 or 4 years old. Algore wanted to start mandatory preschool for 3 year olds. This is how communism begins to spread.
Early Christians practiced communal living see
Acts 2:44-45
Now all who believed were together, and had all things in common, and sold their possessions and goods, and divided them among all, as anyone had need.
Acts 4:32
Now the multitude of those who believed were of one heart and one soul; neither did anyone say that any of the things he possessed was his own, but they had all things in common.
In the 16th century Germany peasants practice this type of living which lead to the Anabaptists: Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, Mennonites. They were heavily prosecuted by Roman Catholics and Protestants, which lead to the mass migration to the Ukraine and North America.
Police, Fire departments and the Military are all example of Communal actions, so are roads, water and sewer works etc...
A real man loves his wife, and places his family as the most important thing in life. Nothing has brought me more peace and content in life than simply being a good husband and father.
WARNING: This post may contain material offensive to those who lack wit, humor, common sense and/or supporting factual or anecdotal evidence. All statements and assertions contained herein may be subject to literary devices not limited to: irony, metaphor, allusion and dripping sarcasm.
Looks like just another political ad just ahead of an election, to me, clearly aimed at the adults in the crowd. Meaning, at least so far is this one group's "message" is concerned, it's what they're teaching adults to believe ... at least, this election.
At best, its message is something akin to the 1970's PSA by the Ad Council on "Keeping America Beautiful" (click), though nowhere near as elegant or on-the-mark.
Sure, this one's got children mouthing the words in the ad, but I'd say that is no more indicative of school curricula anymore than a has-been actor hawking XYZ product means he/she likes it or has one.Yup. As we and our predecessors should be. We're most certainly not (as a whole) treating things as though we're considering the seventh generation of children in the equation.But there is a point and that is we are responsible for our children's future, and if we let the country go down the toilet we will be blamed.
Your best weapon is your brain. Don't leave home without it.
Thoughts: Justifiable self defense (A.O.J.).
Explain: How does disarming victims reduce the number of victims?
Reason over Force: Why the Gun is Civilization (Marko Kloos).
Those kids singing is not from the school system.
That is from a re-elect Obama ad.
Pro-Obama Ad Has Children Singing About an America Where 'Sick People Just Die' & 'Oil Fills the Sea' | Video | TheBlaze.com
This is an NYU professor who wants her students to plot terrorist attacks and to document it by writing a paper for class:
New York University Asks Students to Plot a Terrorist Attack for Counterterrorism Course | Police, Parents Outraged | TheBlaze.com
This is just some of the stuff that is going on in schools:
See the Images of Tara Harris' Alleged Assault on 10-Year-Old Student During 'Islamic Hand Sign' Lesson | TheBlaze.com
Tara Harris Charged With Assault After Stephanie Bennett Says Daughter Cut Hand in 'Islamic Hand Sign' Drill | TheBlaze.com
Abilene High School Students Protest Calorie Restrictions on School Lunches By Refusing to Buy | Video | TheBlaze.com
San Diego Parents Considering Legal Action Over School Yoga Classes | Promoting Eastern Religions | TheBlaze.com
NRA Life Member
GOA Life MemberMoving to a new location
According to the San Francisco Chronicle, Goodby is a registered Republican who said he has some concerns about "the direction the party is going," while Silverstein said he was spurred by the "huge implications for the future" the presidential election will have."
First link, please don't listen to alarmist nutjob Glenn Beck. The guy is a crazy person.
It's an independent group that supports Obama, calling it an Obama ad says something different. Since the rest is from Beck I'll summarily dismiss it.
The islamic hand sign thing? Bwahahaha, yeah no. It has no evidence but claims.
"Harris' next-door neighbor, William Moore, told PilotOnline.com that Harris is not a Muslim. "They're the nicest people you ever wanted to meet," he said.
"Ahmed Noor, a trustee at the Mosque and Islamic Center of Hampton Roads in Hampton, said there are no hand gestures in the religion of Islam; however as different cultures practice the religion, there could be a culture that both practices Islam and uses some sort of hand gesture," PilotOnline.com reports."
What's the issue with the yoga thing? It's exercise! This is how the internet is being abused, people aren't reading the whole thing. They read the title and imagine the rest.
A real man loves his wife, and places his family as the most important thing in life. Nothing has brought me more peace and content in life than simply being a good husband and father.
So, the dumbing down of 'merica that the right wing pundits talk about... this is how it's done?
Feed the public a song. Have it sung by paid actors not taught this in public or private schools, but in rehearsals, for pay.
One group may hate it and label it as what is being taught in public schools...
One group may love it and say it is what our children will think of us in the future.
Both are wrong... but the shad from both sides are laying on the shore, gasping for air.... hooked by the trolls that produce this shad.
If you are going to vote based on sound bites, campaign ads, candidate speeches, party affiliation, litmus test issues, and all the rest of the manipulations that pass as politics... you will get what you deserve.
Good luck with that! It hasn't served us well for how many years now?
Hint: much more than 4 years, I guarantee that.
It could be worse!
I suppose


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Welcome to Way North Lodge; where your next cast could be the cast of a lifetime!!
Fly in fishing camps in Manitoba Canada for Walleye, Northern Pike, Arctic Lake Trout and Arctic Grayling and Northern Manitoba hunting outposts for Moose and Bear by outfitter guides at Big Sand Lake Lodge and Resort including Lake LeClair, Wolf Lake, and Jordon Lake.
First class walleye fishing on the Red River and Lake Winnipeg with Medicine Creek Adventures
The lodge features 6 bedrooms with two on the ground floor and four upstairs. Two of the rooms have river views. The ground floor includes our kitchen and dining areas, as well as a lounging area where you can unwind, swap fish tales, and enjoy the big screen satellite T.V. and music center.
Continental Sports Inc. (CSI Canada) has been in business for over 20 years providing quality sports products to retailers everywhere in Canada and the United States.
Have you ever imagined a place so remote, so beautiful, so untouched by humanity, that could offer you peace and escape from the every day hustle and bustle of the city? Have you ever dream of coming "home" to that place? Well now you can, come enjoy English Lake!
Welcome to the home of Manitoba's premier fishing, and guiding service. Based in pristine Traverse Bay on Lake Winnipeg, our team of award winning guides can put you on to a variety of fish on dozens of Manitoba's finest fishing waters.
Kendall Point Lodge is a remote fishing lodge, family-owned and operated since 1963, located on the Winnipeg River in the heart of Canada's Precambrian Shield.
Pro-Am Tackle in Winnipeg offers fantastic savings and all the latest for all your fishing needs!
The Fishin' Hole has been serving anglers in Western Canada since 1975 and operates 6 retail locations in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
The Greenback Hunter your Manitoba fishing guide has been fishing Lake Winnipeg and the surrounding waters for over 25 years. Having owned a commercial fishing license for 2 years and with over 15 years of experience as a commercial fisherman's assistant.
Advertise with us, send us Suggestions and find more about WinnipegKiosk.ca


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Hi, My son has a 2000 Odyssey that one of the 2 sliding doors will not work. We are able to open manually but no power. Also the sliding door light and buzzer will stay on unless power turned off. Checked all fuses and fine. I did see on one thread that someone mentioned disconnecting battery. Did't do that but did remove fuses .
Any ideas or is it dealer time.
Thanks Ivan


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You are here: Home → Forum Home → The Mac Observer Forums → Apple Finance Board → Thread
Who Is Making Money From Linux?
Here's an interesting look at the Linux/Open Source movement from a fiscal standpoint Who's Making Money From Open Source?
Is IBM's Linux push the start of a large, industry-wide Linux effort? Can Big Blue make Linux a substantial factor in the enterprise market?
HP to build Linux supercomputer .
IBM's Linux Website offers a comprehensive look at Big Blue's Linux initiative.


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Jackpot goes to Arizona, Missouri players; $1 million Powerball prize in West Allis
While Powerball players in Arizona and Missouri won the record $587.5 million jackpot Wednesday night, at least one newly minted millionaire purchased a ticket in West Allis.
Ten other tickets bought in Wisconsin won $10,000, and one of those winners turned the $10,000 winning ticket into a $40,000 payoff because he or she purchased Powerball's Power Play prize multiplier feature.
Wisconsin's $1 million winning ticket was sold at Speedway, 9130 W. Oklahoma Ave., in West Allis, which will receive a $20,000 commission. That ticket matched the five regular numbers but not the Powerball. It was the eighth big winning Powerball ticket sold in Wisconsin this year.
Wednesday night's Powerball numbers were 5, 16, 22, 23 and 29 with the Powerball of 6.
Powerball $10,000 winners were sold in Appleton, Cross Plains, Fond du Lac, Grand Marsh, Kenosha, Janesville, Marinette, Milwaukee, Montello and Superior.
Winners have 180 days to claim their prizes. The $1 million winner must claim their prize at the Wisconsin Lottery's headquarters in Madison.


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question on tire size
I know its been asked over and over and over... Ive been reading all morning.
What I really want to know is, will I notice a difference between 31's and 32's.
Right now I am running 31x10.5 BFG A/T, my TJ is mostly stock with a 2" BL.
stock D35 with 3.73 (Im assuming 3.73, I need to check it to make sure)
It looks like I would have enough room for a set of 32" BFG Mud Terrains, but I really like the ride right now. I can still accelerate easily in 5th (its a manual) and it rides very stable.
Will going to the slightly bigger more aggressive tires hurt my axle, acceleration, or anything else in an overly noticeable way?? Im fine with highway noise and all that would come with the more aggressive tires. I just want to make sure Im not going to break things or lose the pep.
thanks for any input
4.0L i6
64 Attachment(s)
If you have 3.73's then you'll be fine running 32's.
You don't need a lift to clear 32s on normal driving. I have 32-11.5-15 BFG ATs on my stock tj 5spd. It has no problems accelerating
theoretically... how big could I go on the stock D35 with 3.73 before I ran into acceleration and or axle issues.
I've got 33X10.50's on mine. It's an 01 with the 4.0. I've noticed about a 5mph +/- difference depending on speed. At 25 I'm really going about 30 but at 65 I'm really going 75. Mine seems to get worse the faster I go.
Just a word of warning, if you are keeping your stock wheels and go up to 32s, your tires will rub at full lock when you turn. They will hit on your swaybar and your lower control arm. I had a customer in my shop with that exact setup and I took a peek underneath after I installed his cd player. I'm sure you could "Live with it" once you knew how far you could or couldnt turn the wheel... but if you are one of those people like me that love your jeeps super small turning radius, then it will affect drivability.
Make sense?
1 Attachment(s)
how much greater is the threat on my axle by going from 31 to the 32 or 33?
I have some American racing rims that move the offset outward so I "should" be good on turning clearance for the 32's
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Magnum Men's Response II 6.0 Boots
The Magnum Response II 6 inch features the Blucher lacing system which allows more adjustment to give way around the instep. It has a composite shank for lightweight support and a high-traction, slip resistant outsole for control on your feet. It has 900 denier nylon uppers and a moisture-wicking lining to keep you cool and dry. This is a mid-cut durable uniform boot delivering high value.
Price: $74.99
- Leather/900 denier nylon upper
- Blucher lacing system
- Moisture-wicking lining
- Steel shank
- Comfort contoured removable sockliner
- High-traction, slip-resistant outsole
Sorry, this item is sold out.
View other Magnum Military and Uniform Boots. View other Magnum products.
Or use the search bar above to look for items.


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i have nerd tendencies
i work in a world of shoulds (>ლ)
301.213.5101 text for details
350.00 shipped
Hit the trail in confidence on the Cannondale F5 hardtail mountain bike, which offers a stable, nimble ride with 100mm of front suspension, SRAM drivetrain and the stopping power of disc brakes.
T6061 aluminum Trail SL frame features double-butted tubes and an oversized headtube and headset for improved strength, stiffness and overall handling performance
RST Deuce 1.5 Coil suspension fork features 100mm of travel to soak up hard hits; lockout is easy to access on the go and rebound adjustment lets you customize performance
SRAM X-5 shifters and derailleurs perform smoothly as you shift through the full 27-speed drivetrain, which is powered via the FSA Dyna-Drive crankset
Avid BB5 mechanical disc brakes provide rapid deceleration when needed, even in muddy and wet conditions
Maddux DC3.0 double-walled rims are laced onto Formula hubs for reliable rolling performance; Kenda Nevegal tires take care of traction
asking $1000
please text me at 717-979-2400 for fast response
pics upon request
Selling my fixie (57cm): http://wilmington.craigslist.org/bik/2958012051.html
and potentially my road bike (56cm): http://wilmington.craigslist.org/bik/2958023213.html
prefer not to ship, but will if you pay
I need a bike for my g/f to get into road biking. In other words, bang for the buck so she can give it a whirl.
standard or clip/speed pedals
~$200 out the door
Doesn't need to be amazing, I'm not interested in $1000+ rides, don't know if she is even going to really want to get into it. Looking for anything that is solid, rides well, is straight and complete.
Show me what you've got, or if you see anything shoot me a link via pm. Really appreciate it!
|:.Last.FM.:|Project C.A.R.S.|:.sputnikmusic.:|
NYdubber everywhere else.
Few things for sale:
1.The XTR hub has a matching front hub, it's currently built to a wheel but I am moving to disc brakes on that bike so the hubs will need to go. They are in GREAT shape. sold
2. the bottom bracket is an ultegra 6500 for a 68mm bb shell and a triple (118mm spindle - i think)sold
3. Front derailleurs - 1. ultegra 6500 for a triple great shape 28.6 clamp 2. Dura ace 7400 braze on for double - both sold
4. brake is a front dura ace 7400 - sold
5. Rear derailleurs - 1. Dura Ace 7400 sold2. XTR m910
crankset #1 is a dura ace 7400 standard crankset 172.5mm arms. Comes with matching dura ace bottom bracket (english) sold
crankset #2 is a r600 shimano (105 equivalent) 175mm arms, compact gears and NO bottom bracket
Make an offer and anything you see and anything you like, I am looking to put together enough money to build up a bike so help me out and lets not do any lowballs
Last edited by markj2k4; 05-02-2012 at 11:24 AM.
- Open bath rebound damping
- Spring: Air
- Adjustments: Air spring pressure, Rebound
- Weight: 20QR (includes axle) 4.52 lb / 2.05 kg (1 1/8" steerer)
- Travel: 6.3 Inches/160mm
- 36mm Stanchions
- 74mm Post Style disc brake mount
- 20QR Axle mounting
- Color: White
- Riding Style: All mountain, Freeride
- New Low Friction replacement Dust Wiper/Seal kit
This is a 2011 FOX FLOAT 36 R 160mm 1 1/8" off my Transition TransAM that was ridden in the midwest, singletrack, nothing extreme.I purchased the fork brand new last winter from Universal Cycles. I sold the frame and sent in the fork for service to Fox Racing Shox. The fork came back with brand new lowers and 20mm QR axle system. Not a scratch on them, looks brand new. They also replaced the bushings (brand new bushings) and installed the new SKF low friction seals as well, buttery smooth action. Fluids are of course fresh, 0 hours on the fork since service was done.
What's slightly used is the CSU, the crown is damage/scratch free, and the stanchions are also 99% perfect. There is a small nick on one of them, towards the top, you can see it in the picture. You can barely feel it with your fingernail and it never gave me any trouble before. No other damage anywhere. The steerer tube is cut to 8" exact with star nut installed.
I will also throw in a big bottle of the Fox 10WT fluid ($24.99 value) and a bottle of the Fox Float fluid ($14.99 value).
Not pictured BUT included is the plastic hose guide and bolt for the fork leg.
$600 shipped to the lower 48.
2016 VW GTI S 2-door Reflex Silver 6-spd
2014 VW Passat S 1.8 TSI
Shimano PD-M505 SPD pedals
Brand New, includes cleats
These came with my new Kona bike and I won't be needing them.
$30 shipped
selling my fixie
and road bike:
prefer local, but willing to ship at your cost. PM me if you have questions
Hey Everybody,
I have for sale a 2008 Cannondale Rush in exceptional condition. Here are the specs on the bike
Size Large Frame in Mocha Metallic
Lefty Max Carbon Fork Just Serviced!
Fox RP3 Shock Just Serviced By Push Industries
Full XT Drivetrain Including Front D, Cranks, Shifters, Brakes, XTR Rear D
Brakes Just Bled Too!
Carbon Seapost and Fizik Saddle (these saddles are not cheap!)
Mavix XT Disc Wheels With Fire Tubeless Tires
DT Swiss Rear Hub
Eggbeater Pedals But I Will Included A Brand New Never Used Set of Shimano 747 Clipless Pedals
This bike is awesome and is my third Rush. I am actually upgrading to the new RZ series which is the new version of the Rush. I don't think anybody can be disappointed with this bike, as I have been riding them for over 7 years and love them! I am open to reasonable offers but am looking in the $1400-$1500 range. Please feel more than free to contact me here or call me directly at 732-768-2181. I am located in central Denver. Thanks!!
~I love thunder red!!!~
2009 Max Lelli Tiburzi
Basic setup can be found here:
-SRAM TT Thumb shifters (you see one in picture because I'm running single cog in front, I have the set)
-SRAM RED Rear Derailleur (recently installed, seen less than 50 miles)
-SRAM Triathelon brake levers
-Profile Design Wing OS bull horns
-Wheels Reynolds solitude 700cc 32mm deep v
-Tires Vittoria Rubino Pro Orange
-Size - 57cm (I am 5'11" rides like a charm)
-Full carbon
-Mileage - ~200
-Weight - ~17-18lbs /w upgrades (have not weighed it but stock was 19.25)
-MINIMAL wear and tear (nothing noticeable)
-Bought back in 2010 for $1900
-Spent over $800 in all the upgrades mentioned above
-Will include original handle bar (FSA Wings PRO)
Pics for Clix
Click below for more pix
Last edited by markj2k4; 05-02-2012 at 01:51 AM. Reason: Found all requested items.
WTB - used Trek Sawyer or GT Peace multi, medium...
pm me if you have one or a lead on one. WOuld love to find a Peace NOS at a dealer..
Reynolds Assault Carbon Tubular wheelset
-comes with Continental Sprinter tires and 12-25 Ultegra cassette
-us for only 1 season (10-15 races)
-skewers not includeded
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Drift Car Build! - now with drift car content!
Benny and the jets - Just your average air cooled 911 adventure
Last edited by wunderdub; 08-15-2012 at 11:31 PM.
Wheelchairs are sexy.
Getting my wife to The Ellen Show!
Staats MTX OX platinium frame
Gold in color, excellent condition! US made but they don't make in US anymore!
$200 plus shipping
The time has come for me to part ways with my thrasher, i built it up last year with all new parts. it hasnt been ridden very much and has no damage. its a solid bike i just have no time for it anymore. Bike is setup with Dual 26" wheels but can run 700c wheels as well im not desperate to sell so im firm on the price, please no low ballers.
$750 shipped
-Medium Gold Volume Thrasher
-black Volume fu manchu fork v1
-FSA headset
-Animal BB
-Eighthinch 165mm cranks
-Profile 36t sprocket
-26" Halo Tornado Rims 32H, DT swiss spokes an nipples laced to All City hi flange hubs fix/fix rear with 15t cog
-FIT PC pedals with Reload straps
-HALO 2.2 front tire, continental 1.75 rear tire
-Demolition Stem
-Gusset Open Prison Bars with Animal grips
- Subrosa pivtol post with Shadow seat
please email email@example.com im not on here very much
White Industires ENO disc wheels - 700c
The hubs are White Industries ENO's front and rear (eccentric) 135mm width. The rear hub bearings were changed 1 year ago. Included is the White Industries eccentric brake adapter.
The rims are 32h Alex TD 17's with DT spokes and red alloy nipples. Also included is a 17 tooth freewheel.
Last edited by audi666; 06-05-2012 at 07:45 AM.
Yakima King Cobra mount for sale $80
Swtiched to OEM Thule so I cant run this anymore
2009 GT Peace 9er Multi.....Paid $1100, would like to get $550. Deore cranks, deraluers, and shifters. Easton post, bars, and stem. ODI Lock-on grips. Shimano 535 pedals. WTB Speed V saddle. Email me at email@example.com.
Ellas Performance
Does anyone have any of the following in their parts box that they would be willing to sell:
7 speed rear shifter (preferably SRAM)
7 speed short/med cage rear derailleur (preferably SRAM)
7 speed chain
Avid brake levers
Looking to do an upgrade on my sons bike from 6 to 7 speed, trying to see if anyone has any cheap parts that they no longer use since most are running 1x9, 2x10 etc set ups now.
FS: Cervelo P2SL -- Brand New!
EDIT: sold on eBay for $510
I have a Yakima King Cobra mount for sale, let me know if you want to buy it, thanks!
Free (kinda): Specialized cycle computer wiring harness/mount.
I was out on a ride last week when my computer slid out of it's mount, no idea where it went. So I bought a Cateye to replace it.
So, if you have a Specialized computer and want a spare harness, DM me, just cover the $1buck or two to ship it and it's yours.
FYI: This is the version with the cadence sensor too.
Last edited by naiku; 07-17-2012 at 08:46 AM.


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New York Red Bulls
New York City FC
New York Cosmos
Sky Blue FC
Brooklyn Italians
Long Island Fury
Westchester Flames
New York Magic
St. John's Red Storm
Seton Hall Pirates
Rutgers Scarlet Knights
Columbia Lions
Adelphi Panthers
FDU Knights
Hofstra Pride
LIU Blackbirds
Big East
Soccer News Net College Boot
Men's National Team
Women's National Team
Youth National Teams
Open Cup
Cosmopolitan Soccer League
2015 Women's World Cup
2014 World Cup
Mexico National Team
Liga MX
Michael Lewis
September 19, 2011
Red Bulls face some serious salary cap issues in 2012
Red Bulls sporting director and GM Erik Soler will face some tough salary cap challenges in 2012.
Linda Cuttone/Sports Vue Images
By Michael Lewis
BigAppleSoccer.com Editor
For three days, at least, everything is fine and dandy, in Red Bull land.
They actually won a game that actually counts in the standings and are back in business in their quest for the playoffs as they prepare for Wednesday's home encounter with Real Salt Lake (yes, it is a must-win situation, but that's old news with this team).
Who knows what is going to happen during the stretch run?
One thing is certain: They are going to have to break up this team regardless what transpires over the next month.
Why? Because the Red Bulls' salary cap situation for the 2012 season is in shambles, according to a source close to the MLS club.
"They are in trouble next year," the source said. "They have significant salary cap issues.
Now, how is this possible?
Well, some players are scheduled to receive raises for next season, some others were promised raises, while yet for others, bonuses will kick in.
To get below the cap (this year's cap is $2,675,000), the Red Bulls will be forced to trade or jettison some players prior to next season or perhaps renegotiate a deal or two.
Of course, for most Red Bulls supporters, that's another crisis to worry about for another day.
There is another one that is front and center -- the team trying to scratch and claw its way into the playoffs.
They took an important step by snapping an eight-game winless streak with that ugly 1-0 win at FC Dallas on Saturday.
Quite simply, the Red Bulls need three points, a win, even if it is uglier than the Dallas victory to keep their post-season hopes alive.
If they can't win a on Wednesday and Saturday at home against the expansion Portland Timbers, then planning for 2012 by sporting director and general manager Erik Soler (if he is still running the show) will come a lot sooner for the Red Bulls than we think with that dreaded salary cap sword hanging over the team.
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Free Games I Like: Gravity Bone
Posted on 18th Nov 2009 at 10:43 by Joe Martin with 3 comments
Like most of Chung's games, Gravity Bone exists without any exposition or context. It just is and everything in it relies on inference, with explicit instructions being very rare and a streamlined level design ethic ensuring the common sense is all you need to play the game. Every game also contains a wicked sense of wit that makes them worth playing even if you hate everything else.
Gravity Bone is about a hitman or a spy, who goes around doing spy-type stuff. There's but two missions in the game, which takes about ten minutes to finish. The first is a straightforward introduction with no real challenges. The second is where all the gameplay is, but I won't spoil why.


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They say if you choose a job you love, you'll never work a day in your life. That's just what Teresa Perkins did when she recently turned her hobby into a business.
Since opening its doors Oct. 1, new business owner Teresa Perkins reports that Sadie B's Furniture Consignment already has 14 consigners and has sold over 50 pieces of furniture.
She said having a furniture consignment store in the area is a real convenience for community members.
Owen County High School Civics Club officers have been hard at work for what they say is a unique opportunity for voters to become informed on candidate platforms, rather than basing decisions on flashy commercials.
Candidates for state representative incumbent Democrat Chuck Tackett and Republican Phillip Pratt will be featured in a political forum Monday, along with candidates for fourth district congressional representative incumbent Republican Thomas Massie and Democrat Calvin Sidle.
Though met with skepticism from a few local citizens, the Owen County Tourism Commission remains adamant that the recently opened visitor's center will encourage travelers to look beyond the county's surface.
Now open for 90 days, the center has no statistics for its first month and a half of operation, but tourism director Joyce DuVall said visitors have passed through from as far away as Canada.
The center's guest book shows more than 20 names of such visitors, and 30-plus names of residents, some questioning its funding or purpose.
State honors were recognized at Monday's Owen County Board of Education meeting.
Owen County High School Junior Jessica Hardin was recognized by Gear Up Kentucky Advisor Marie Cobb for her outstanding achievement in the Gear Up program.
Gear Up (Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs) is a six-year grant program funded by the U.S. Department of Education in which students participate in career exploration, resume workshops, college fairs and visits, summer programs and more.
Arrests within the City of Owenton are up across the board, but complaints are down according to a report recently given by Owenton Police Chief Terry Gentry.
Arrests within the City of Owenton are up 20 percent, while felony arrests are up 70 percent, and drug arrests 48-50 percent, according to Owenton Police Chief Terry Gentry.
While arrests declined in 2015, Gentry said 2016 numbers are more in line with 2014.
A new online tool compiling regional data of opioid addiction launched Monday.
The Northern Kentucky Independent District Health Department presented the tool, titled GEOstory of Opioid Addiction, at a recent meeting held at the Owen County Public Library.
The tool compiles data from the region and puts it in on location for citizens, caregivers and health professionals to access.
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The Owenton News-Herald is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Owen County and Owenton, KY, and the surrounding area.


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Sound waves in "thermoacoustic" engines and refrigerators can replace the pistons and cranks that are typically built into such machinery
Steven Garrett, Scott Backhaus
Last February, a panel of the National Academy of Engineering announced the results of its effort to rank the greatest engineering achievements of the 20th century. Second and tenth on that list were two very successful heat engines: the automobile (and hence, the internal-combustion engine) and the refrigerator and air conditioner, heat engines operated in reverse. But these two pillars of modern technology share another, less flattering distinction: Both have inadvertently damaged the environment—by clouding skies with smog, spewing greenhouse gases or leaking compounds that erode the earth's protective blanket of stratospheric ozone.
Over the past two decades, investigators like ourselves have worked to develop an entirely new class of engines and refrigerators that may help reduce or eliminate such threats. These thermoacoustic devices produce or absorb sound power, rather than the "shaft power" characteristic of rotating machinery. Because of its inherent mechanical simplicity, such equipment may one day serve widely, perhaps generating electricity at individual homes, while producing domestic hot water and providing space heating or cooling.
How do these machines work? In a nutshell, a thermoacoustic engine converts heat from a high-temperature source into acoustic power while rejecting waste heat to a low-temperature sink. A thermoacoustic refrigerator does the opposite, using acoustic power to pump heat from a cool source to a hot sink. These devices perform best when they employ noble gases as their thermodynamic working fluids. Unlike the chemicals used in refrigeration over the years, such gases are both nontoxic and environmentally benign. Another appealing feature of thermoacoustics is that one can easily flange an engine onto a refrigerator, creating a heat-powered cooler with no moving parts at all.
So far, most machines of this variety reside in laboratories. But prototype thermoacoustic refrigerators have operated on the Space Shuttle and aboard a Navy warship. And a powerful thermoacoustic engine has recently demonstrated its ability to liquefy natural gas on a commercial scale.
That sound-powered equipment can accomplish these tasks seems almost magical—and rightly so: Arthur C. Clarke once remarked that "any sufficiently developed technology is indistinguishable from magic." Below we attempt to reveal the legerdemain and explain the simple physics that makes thermoacoustic machines possible.
The interaction of heat and sound has interested acousticians since 1816, when Laplace corrected Newton's earlier calculation of the speed of sound in air. Newton had assumed that the expansions and compressions of a sound wave in a gas happen without affecting the temperature. Laplace accounted for the slight variations in temperature that in fact take place, and by doing so he derived the correct speed of sound in air, a value that is 18 percent faster than Newton's estimate.
Such thermal effects also explain why 19th-century glassblowers occasionally heard their heated vessels emit pure tones—a hint that thermoacoustics might have some interesting practical consequences. Yet it took more than a century for anyone to recognize the opposite effect: Just as a temperature difference could create sound, sound could produce a temperature difference—hot to one side, cool to the other. How acoustic cooling can arise is, in retrospect, rather easy to understand.
Suppose an acoustic wave excites a gas that was initially at some average temperature and pressure. At any one spot, the temperature will go up as the pressure increases, assuming the rise happens rapidly enough that heat has no time to flow away. The change in temperature that accompanies the acoustic compressions depends on the magnitude of the pressure fluctuations. For ordinary speech, the relative pressure changes are on the order of only one part per million (equivalent to 74 decibels, or dB, in sound pressure levels), and the associated variation in temperature is a mere ten-thousandth of a degree Celsius. Even for sounds at the auditory threshold of pain (120 dB), temperature oscillates up and down by only about 0.02 degree.
Most refrigerators and air conditioners must pump heat over considerably greater temperature ranges, usually 20 degrees or more. So the temperature swings that typical sound waves bring about are too small to be useful. To handle larger temperature spans, the gas must be put in contact with a solid material. Solids have much higher heat capacities per unit volume than gases, so they can exchange a considerable amount of heat without changing in temperature by very much. If a gas carrying a sound wave is placed near a solid surface, the solid will tend to absorb the heat of compression, keeping the temperature stable. The opposite is also true: The solid releases heat when the gas expands, preventing it from cooling down as much as it otherwise would.
The distance over which the diffusion of heat to or from an adjacent solid can take place is called the thermal penetration depth. Its value depends on the frequency of the passing sound wave and the properties of the gas. In typical thermoacoustic devices, and for sound waves in air at audio frequencies, the thermal penetration depth is typically on the order of one-tenth of a millimeter. So to optimize the exchange of heat, the design of a thermoacoustic engine or refrigerator must include a solid with gaps that are about twice this dimension in width, through which a high-amplitude sound wave propagates. The porous solid (frequently a jelly-roll of plastic for refrigerators or of stainless steel for engines), is called a "stack," because it contains many layers and thus resembles a stack of plates.
When an acoustically driven gas moves through the stack, pressure, temperature and position all oscillate with time. If the gas is enclosed within a tube, sound bounces back and forth creating an acoustic standing wave. In that case, pressure will be in phase with displacement—that is, the pressure reaches its maximum or minimum value when the gas is at an extreme of its oscillatory motion.
Consider how this simple relation can be put to use in a thermoacoustic refrigerator, which in its most rudimentary form amounts to a closed tube, a porous stack and a source of acoustic energy. As a parcel of gas moves to one side, say to the left, it heats up as the pressure rises and then comes momentarily to rest before reversing direction. Near the end of its motion, the hot gas deposits heat into the stack, which is somewhat cooler. During the next half-cycle, the parcel of gas moves to the right and expands. When it reaches its rightmost extreme, it will be colder than the adjacent portion of the stack and will extract heat from it. The result is that the parcel pumps heat from right to left and can do so even when the left side of the stack is hotter than the right.
The span of movement for an individual parcel is quite small, but the net effect is that of a bucket brigade: Each parcel of oscillating gas takes heat from the one behind and hands this heat off to the next one ahead. The heat, plus the work done to move it thermoacoustically, exits one end of the stack through a hot heat exchanger (similar to a car radiator). A cold heat exchanger, located at the other end of the stack, provides useful cooling to some external heat load.
One can easily reverse this process of refrigeration to make a thermoacoustic engine. Just apply heat at the hot end of the stack and remove it at the cold end, creating a steep temperature gradient. Now when a parcel of gas moves to the left, its pressure and temperature rise as before, but the stack at that point is hotter still. So heat flows from the stack into the gas, causing it to expand thermally just as pressure reaches a maximum. Conversely, when the parcel shifts to the right, it expands and cools, but the stack there is cooler still. So heat flows into the solid from the gas, causing thermal contraction just as pressure reaches a minimum. In this way, the temperature variation imposed on the stack drives heat into and out of the gas, forcing it to do work on its surroundings and amplifying the acoustic oscillations. Maintenance of the steep thermal gradient requires an external source of power, such as an electric heater, concentrated sunlight or a flame—which explains why glassblowers sometimes observe the spontaneous generation of sound when they heat the walls of a glass tube (serving as a stack) in such a way as to create a strong temperature gradient, a phenomenon first documented in a scholarly journal in 1850.
Indeed, this "singing tube" effect arises easily enough that Reh-lin Chen, a student in the Graduate Program in Acoustics at the Pennsylvania State University, was able to build a thermoacoustic engine with only three parts. The stack consists of a plug of porous ceramic (material that is normally used for automotive catalytic converters). Electrical current passing through a heater wire attached at one end of the plug imposes a temperature gradient. A Pyrex test tube acts as a miniature organ pipe and sets up a standing acoustic wave. Because the cold end of the stack faces the mouth of the test tube, no cold heat exchanger is needed: Air streaming in and out of the open end of the tube provides sufficient cooling. Despite its simplicity, Chen's engine is capable of producing sound at uncomfortable levels.
The transparency of this device, literal and figurative, invites analogies with the laser. Borrowing some vocabulary from optics, one would say that a non-equilibrium condition (corresponding to the population inversion of electron energy levels in a laser material) is maintained across the heated stack. The test tube amounts to an acoustic resonator, which, like a laser cavity, allows a standing wave to build in amplitude as energy bounces back and forth. The open side of the test tube serves the same function as the partially silvered mirror at the output side of a laser. Both allow some of the energy stored within the resonant cavity to radiate into the surrounding environment. Although Chen's "acoustic laser" produces only about a watt of sound power, a similar device heated by the burning of natural gas produces in excess of 10 kilowatts—a high-powered laser indeed!
One of the most remarkable features of such thermoacoustic engines is that they have no moving parts. They demand nothing beyond the basic physics of the cavity and stack to force the compressions, expansions, displacements and heat transfers to happen at the right times. The internal-combustion engines in our cars also depend on proper timing—the intake, compression, expansion and exhaust stages of the power cycle must take place in smooth succession. But conventional automobile engines require at least two valves per cylinder, each with a spring, rocker arm and a push rod (or an overhead cam driven by a timing belt) to produce the required phasing. This difference makes thermoacoustic devices much simpler and potentially much more reliable than conventional engines and refrigerators, because they can avoid wear associated with valves, piston rings, crankshafts, connecting rods and so forth. Thus thermoacoustic devices require no lubrication.
To the uninitiated, it may seem surprising that pistonless engines can achieve high power levels. Thermoacoustic devices manage this feat by exploiting acoustic resonance to produce large pressure oscillations from small gas motions. Consider a closed tube (an acoustic resonator) with a loudspeaker mounted at one end. The oscillating movement of the loudspeaker pumps in acoustic energy, which travels down the tube at the speed of sound, reflects off the far end and shoots back toward the source. If the frequency of the excitation is just right, the next increment of energy that the loudspeaker injects will arrive in step with the reflected portion of the acoustic wave.
The pressure swings in the resonating wave will then grow until the energy added during one cycle is exactly equal to the energy dissipated during one cycle, either by friction or by the production of useful work. The ultimate value of the pressure variation depends on the quality factor of the resonator, Q (which is equal to 2/π times the ratio of the pressure the loudspeaker produces in the resonator to that which the same loudspeaker would have generated in an infinitely long tube, one in which there would be no reflected wave).
The result of this resonant Q amplification can be easily understood by considering the motion of a piston compressing some gas within a cylinder. If the initial length of the gas volume is, say, 20 centimeters and the piston moves slowly inward 1 centimeter, the pressure of the gas would increase by 5 percent, assuming no leakage around the piston. If, however, it oscillated back and forth rapidly at the resonant frequency of the cavity (860 cycles per second, assuming that the cylinder is filled with air at room temperature so that exactly one-half wavelength of sound fits inside), the piston would only have to move by something like 0.05 millimeter in a typical cavity (Q=30) to produce the same change in pressure. That tiny distance is only one two-hundredth as far as in the case of slow compression, yet it achieves exactly the same peak pressure.
Clearly, an oscillating acoustic source that moves such small distances does not need a piston with sealing rings moving in a lubricated cylinder—eliminating all sorts of pesky components found in conventional refrigeration compressors and internal-combustion engines. Flexible seals, such as metal bellows, would suffice. Such seals require no lubrication and do not demand the machining of close-tolerance parts to eliminate gas "blow-by" between a piston and its tight-fitting cylinder.
The simplicity of the hardware involved in thermoacoustic machines is best appreciated by examining a concrete example. In the mid-1990s, one of us (Garrett) and his colleagues at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California developed two thermoacoustic refrigerators for the Space Shuttle. The first was designed to cool electronic components, and the second was intended to replace the refrigerator-freezer unit used to preserve blood and urine samples from astronauts engaged in biomedical experiments.
This "thermoacoustic life sciences refrigerator," as we called it, produced good results in the laboratory, yet NASA sponsorship ended abruptly, ostensibly for lack of funds. Because the project was progressing so well by that time, we were quite puzzled. But six months later we discovered that the managers of our program at the NASA Life Sciences Division were enmeshed in a controversial FBI investigation of kickbacks and bribery at the Johnson Space Flight Center in Houston. Clearly, they were preoccupied with something other than evaluating our technical progress. Fortunately, the U.S. Navy was in need of a similar chiller and took over support of our efforts.
Because we had originally designed this refrigerator to operate in the rather demanding environment of space, we chose a "stereo" configuration to provide redundancy in case one of the loudspeakers failed. The two loudspeakers are similar to those used for sound reproduction, but they are much more powerful and operate over a limited range of frequencies. They also differ from normal speakers in that the cones are inverted, having their large diameter at the voice coil and small diameter where the sound is radiated. The moving parts of these speakers are joined to a stationary U-shaped resonant cavity by small metal bellows.
The U-tube contains two separate stacks, each with two water-filled heat exchangers, which resemble small car radiators, attached at the ends. Two of these heat exchangers exhaust waste heat, and two provide cooling. In this incarnation, chilled water from our "life sciences refrigerator" circulated through racks of radar electronics on the USS Deyo, a Navy destroyer. The maximum cooling capacity we achieved in our sea trials proved to be in excess of 400 watts, using just over 200 watts of acoustic power. At the lowest temperature of operation we could comfortably attain without risking the water freezing and blocking the pipes (about 4 degrees C), the refrigerator performed at 17 percent of the efficiency that could, in principle, be coaxed from a perfect refrigerator operating over the same temperature span—a fundamental limit imposed by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The refrigerator itself reached 26 percent of the maximum, but inefficiencies of the heat exchangers reduced the useful cooling to the 17-percent value. That level is little better than half of what conventional chillers of similar size and cooling capacity can boast.
Although we could have improved the performance substantially with some modest changes, thermoacoustic refrigerators of this type will always have an intrinsic limit to their efficiency, which is imposed by the way heat flows between the gas and the stack. But recently, one of us (Backhaus) and his colleagues at Los Alamos National Laboratory demonstrated a technique that has enabled thermoacoustic engines to break this seemingly insurmountable barrier by, strangely enough, borrowing a technique that a Scottish minister patented in 1816—the very year Laplace first correctly calculated the speed of sound.
In his spare time, the Reverend Robert Stirling designed, built and demonstrated a rather remarkable type of hot-air engine, one that still bears his name. Unlike steam engines of the era, his invention contained no potentially explosive boiler. Stirling's engine depended on the expansion and displacement of air inside of a cylinder that was warmed by external combustion through a heat exchanger. Stirling also conceived the idea of a regenerator (a solid with many holes running through it, which he called the "economiser") to store thermal energy during part of the cycle and return it later. This component increased thermodynamic efficiency to impressive levels, but mechanical complexity was greater for Stirling's engine than for the high-pressure steam and internal-combustion varieties (which do not require two heat exchangers), restricting its widespread use.
The story of how one of the oldest ideas in the history of heat engines linked up with one of the newest is typical of the tortuous routes to discovery (or rediscovery) that many scientists experience. In this case, the journey began two decades ago, when Garrett had the pleasure of working with Gregory Swift, then a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley. Swift eventually received his doctorate in physics and joined John Wheatley, who was just then preparing to move his low-temperature physics group to Los Alamos National Laboratory and focus his research efforts on the development of novel heat engines and refrigerators.
As a graduation present, Garrett gave Swift a copy of an intriguing article that Peter Ceperley, a physics professor at George Mason University, had published a few years earlier. It was entitled "A pistonless Stirling engine—The traveling wave heat engine." Ceperley cleverly recognized that the phasing between pressure and gas velocity within Stirling's regenerator was the same as the phasing in a traveling acoustic wave. He demonstrated that similarity by arranging a temperature gradient across a crude regenerator (a plug of fine steel wool) and sending a sound wave though it. Some thermal energy was converted to acoustic energy, though not enough to make up for the accompanying losses.
Swift brought Ceperley's article with him to Los Alamos, but he and his colleagues there decided that Ceperley's "engine" would never be able to amplify a sound wave and thereby produce useful power. The attenuation the sound suffered as it passed through the tiny pores in the regenerator would, it seemed, always overwhelm the modest gain that the temperature gradient created. So the Los Alamos physicists concentrated on using standing waves for acoustic engines and refrigerators, and, like several other research groups around the world, made considerable strides over the next decade and a half.
But in the past few years, the quest for improved efficiency led Swift, working with Backhaus, to reconsider Ceperley's approach. Looking again at the problem, we realized that the regenerator produces an amount of acoustic power that is proportional to the product of the oscillating pressure of the gas and the oscillating velocity of the gas. The power wasted in the regenerator is proportional to the square of the oscillating velocity. This loss is analogous to the power dissipated in an electrical resistor, which is proportional to the square of the current that flows through it.
Faced with such losses—say, from the resistance of the wires in a transmission line—electrical engineers long ago found an easy solution: Increase the voltage and diminish the current so that their product (which equals the power transferred) remains constant. So we reasoned that if the oscillatory pressure could be made very large and the flow velocity made very small, in a way that preserved their product, we could boost the efficiency of the regenerator without reducing the power it could produce.
These requirements led us back to acoustic standing waves used in more typical thermoacoustic engines as a way to obtain a high ratio of pressure to gas movement. Minimizing the flow velocity of the gas overcomes viscous losses inside the regenerator, whose tiny pores allow heat to move between gas and solid most efficiently. But using a regenerator instead of a normal stack changes the timing of heat transfer in a fundamental way: The oscillating gas has no time to shift position before the exchange of heat takes place. So it was not merely a matter of replacing a stack with a regenerator. The device that was needed had to reproduce some of the attributes of a standing wave (high pressure and small flow velocity) while also having some of the attributes of a traveling wave (pressure had to rise and fall in phase with velocity, not with displacement).
We were able to devise just such a hybrid by coupling a standing wave cavity (basically a long tube) with a dual-necked Helmholtz resonator. One neck is open to the flow of gas, and the other contains the regenerator and heat exchangers. The open passage acts much as a soda bottle does when one blows over its mouth. The mass of the air in the neck of the bottle and the springiness provided by the compressible gas trapped beneath it support oscillations—just as a solid mass and coiled spring do. Helmholtz developed this technique to amplify sounds in a narrow band of frequencies near the natural frequency of the resonator. The amount of amplification depends on how closely the frequency of the resonator matches the frequency of the sound that is incident on the neck.
In our thermoacoustic Stirling engine, the natural frequency of the Helmholtz resonator is considerably higher than the frequency of operation. So the variation in pressure inside the Helmholtz resonator is only about 10 percent greater than inside the standing-wave resonator. Although modest, this difference is enough to drive some gas through the regenerator each time the pressure rises or falls—flow that is in phase with the changing pressure, just as in a traveling acoustic wave.
We thus neatly overcame the fundamental problem of Ceperley's traveling wave Stirling engine. But we were disappointed to discover that our engine performed rather inefficiently compared with our expectations. The problem turned out to be that the circular geometry of the two-necked Helmholtz resonator allowed gas to stream around the loop continuously, short circuiting the hot and cold ends of the regenerator and wasting large amounts of heat.
Once we realized what was happening, it was easy enough to correct the problem. One solution (which Ceperley had suggested years earlier for his circular design) would be to add a flexible membrane that passed acoustic waves yet blocked the continuous flow of gas. But prior experience with such membranes led us to believe that it would be hard to engineer something sufficiently robust to hold up over time. So instead we added a jet pump (asymmetric openings that allow flow to pass in one direction more easily than the other) to create a slight back-pressure in the loop, just enough to cancel the streaming. And we were pleased to find that the efficiency of the engine improved markedly. At best it ran at 42 percent of the maximum theoretical efficiency, which is about 40 percent better than earlier thermoacoustic devices had achieved and rivals what modern internal-combustion engines can offer.
Thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators were already being considered a few years ago for specialized applications, where their simplicity, lack of lubrication and sliding seals, and their use of environmentally harmless working fluids were adequate compensation for their lower efficiencies. This latest breakthrough, coupled with other developments in the design of high-power, single-frequency loudspeakers and reciprocating electric generators, suggests that thermoacoustics may soon emerge as an environmentally attractive way to power hybrid electric vehicles, capture solar energy, refrigerate food, air condition buildings, liquefy industrial gases and serve in other capacities that are yet to be imagined.
In 2099, the National Academy of Engineering probably will again convene an expert panel to select the outstanding technological achievements of the 21st century. We hope the machines that our unborn grandchildren see on that list will include thermoacoustic devices, which promise to improve everyone's standard of living while helping to protect the planet. We and a small band of interested physicists and engineers have been working hard over the past two decades to make acoustic engines and refrigerators part of that future. The latest achievements are certainly encouraging, but there is still much left to be done.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the generosity with which Greg Swift has shared his theoretical insights and technological innovations during the past 20 years with the world-wide community of thermoacousticians.
© Steven L. Garrett, Scott Backhaus
You can find this online at http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/num2/the-power-of-sound/5
© 2016 Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society


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Jan 23, 2013|
Greg Bedard joins D&C to give his thoughts on what the Patriots need to fix in the offseason. The Boston Globe's football writer says the team really needs to look at how they bring along receivers and defensive back because the current system is not working. He also points at the Gronkowski injury as a key reason the running game fell off against the Ravens.
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As we -- the segment as we do every single week mid week mid show that means Greg Bedard Boston Globe joins us on the AT&T hotline AT&T forgy LTE was speeds up to ten times faster than three G. AT&T rethink possible and let me just start by saying. People if you want simple answers and explanations. As to why the patriots lost to the Baltimore Ravens -- -- -- that he got hurt. We've got hurt -- wanted it more often -- wanted it more or Ray Lewis inspired -- cards columns and Greg -- in general is not your guy he puts together a wonderful assessment and breakdown. They -- called an autopsy of that game. It's sites miss tackles quarterback pressures tight -- sub par are run blocking. Allowing Baltimore to stop the patriots run in their favorite pass defense not to mention bonehead plays by dentists and Tom Brady is a rather extensive. List. -- what jumped out that you more than anything in this just one number one -- and this is a little off the beaten track here but. Deion Branch played almost half the snaps. That's not good is it Greg. Now you know and look I love Deion Branch we all through the home we all problem and but. It just execute your game as a reason why you know when. Some who get hurt people would ask well beyond coming back lockers intact and global blog like not watching in person and watching tape like. Know what. Popcorn ready which. Which Deion Branch I mean it -- it's not good enough what does this 2000 having its jet -- against the -- that -- felt like watching that often I mean you basically. It was the same exact game plan. On the the jets had in 2010. And because you don't have a healthy rocked. And you can't run the ball. It was easy pickings again in the beyond just. You know he's just. -- debate should have a point 223 year old receiver on the back end of that roster. Who can -- a few things on special teams but is being wrapped the entire season. For a game like that and and instead we got a guy that. We've been basically music inept cover up there so. -- out display but the big thing to me that jumped out I was watching it was. They the patriot inability. Home and at times it looked almost scared to do it there inability to -- get the ravens nickel defense which they played almost the entire game. A beat in the -- really picked -- field thinking that the ravens would play their base 34 defense like the accident that the week before. Bomb. That's what looked like -- believe that they actually stopped that but again that nickel this is why. They need to recommitment to the running game multiple -- all these tight end was specifically per game like this and they completely fail particular. Your most not most interest to what your more interest in paragraphs in relationship what you just said that means the ravens could take care of the patriots run. While in their preferred pass defense Tom Brady might as -- had one hand tied behind his back. Yeah I mean it was just like what projected 2010. They were able to dropped out and -- states. Switched up where they -- double him Ezra you know bracket walker the kind of mixed things up they did a great job just like the jets did. -- and I and I talked to archived at about after the game in the locker room for a -- -- -- on no -- That there and I and I asked about. Com became plain and sitting at home one point they had eight different pressures he different coat -- just call on consecutive plays against very. And that is exactly the same page out of the jets' playbook and it in the playoff game and the patriots answer was to rededicate themselves for the titans and the running game. And get Brady understand or be able to do you play action and my work I thought that -- of the Brady was that an -- bears but I also think the Brady. I didn't put this in the called. I -- the Brady looks scared sort of middle of the field against armed Ed Reed. I thought that was a factor even though there weren't a lot of moments there most of the -- the ravens were gonna make him beat that. Him on the edge. On a windy day. But I did think that there -- few times the Brady com. Declined to throw down the middle just because you agreed. Back to the run game for just a second. Who man and Hernandez how bad were -- day. They were terrible beta I mean you know if if he just cue up the first I don't know couple series com. They McKernan has absolutely got. Thrown to the ground I think it was armed wartime by Paul Kruger. And in the first half I mean you -- trying to block and don't. -- just put them in shelter them out of the way in cool man wasn't any better and this is calm you know one of the issues. That I had -- stretch I mean you've got to remember that. Com. You know part of my review after the dolphins in the season finale game was booked the patriots are put in a lot of areas -- you know -- there is that they -- not -- pats offense I was questioned whether -- enough weapons and also. I've never bitten on -- whoo man train they just you know he's had his moments like it's actually have a couple might sketches but. You know but boy they really need kids stadium. That they sign from the giants who should be back next year mean that is the guy who can back up robbery count because he can actually block. I don't know I still don't know why -- didn't play ahead whoo man. This year I don't know which is simply speed. But I mean what felt got in the game at one point looked like advance to man because he was just getting owned by the -- -- he wasn't physical not that. When you fail at places like data -- Woods is encompasses the whole team that if you're not up up up front. He's just not tough enough in general on I think it finally Spence. Whoo man for fouls but it was way too late I don't know why it felt wasn't playing more I thought it was a mistake for for a good portion of the season. And so they missed Rob Gronkowski obviously in the pass game but even more so in the running game -- opinion Greg. Yet in my home I had a bad night and reluctant to elect was kind of compiling numbers Tom -- shaped by. You know they're big -- big reason why they lost was that they they picked their. This game as the as the time where they have -- their lowest amount of explosive play. Explosive is panel passes. More than twenty yard runs of more than ten yards and they've been great at it. Just about all the name you know you can look at the games they struggled -- -- There were articles -- not they struggle. They'll have three explosive passing plays and you're running plays and I'm not counting the Ridley fumble led to the ball. You know when gronkowski was in line up for the colts gamer including the -- came to put most of it. They averaged four point one that it was important one explosive runs per game. After he got hurt. 2.4 two point to you it just tells you right in the value Rob Gronkowski. You and and you don't want to have to -- -- Ballard is the answer this but they have to be ready for this every year gronkowski is gonna get hurt. He's a big physical guys -- gonna take a lot of hits and it he's gonna he's gonna watch a few more games from the owner's box on -- and. Yen in Hernandez to the -- bit Tom -- You don't meet them I thought that Shiancoe or wind blow I I thought that -- -- and I think the team did to. I cut debate about -- who could be that guy that backed up Hernandez got the flex move tight and -- and I thought that was why it's. I don't know why it didn't work out but it was obviously a misjudgment and down they didn't. And really make up that point I'm I don't know what you can really do but what they did almost. Talking with Greg Bedard Boston Globe to point out in this as well written and well research called more than one out of every three. Tom Brady dropped backs the patriots allowed a quarterback pressure to the tune of nineteen which is the second worst of the season. That is -- to want him to not be under but no sacks so sacks. Right yes imagine that just shows you that. Why I think -- are completely overrated stat department pressure on the Arctic that. You know I think he was moved off its bottom and you know look in the patriot didn't do that nearly enough. To Joseph Flacco they had they're -- second lowest. Since Thanksgiving in terms of pressures. The only other game that was lower with the 49ers the delegate lost. So yeah I mean Brady was under I mean it wasn't crazy pressured -- to knock down a bunch. But he was adopt the spartans but bastion Ballmer really struggled on the edge against. Gruber and -- -- that -- the other guys they actually did decent jobs number it was Tom Brady. You know the morning acts. Would have gave up and knocked down and then never. You know a -- time for the ravens just got the patriots with. Free blitzer which we've seen the jets do in the past so. The overall protection. Wasn't good enough when victory when you when you factor in. The lack of weapons to Israel play nickel. Not really what all of our marketing people at eight times and give Brady office spot. That's not good -- beat the patriots. -- you -- from that from your standpoint a lack of depth at the offensive skill positions cornerback. And defensive line left the pages of vulnerable against the worthy opponent. Who could scare them in the and not make the big mistake looking ahead looking forward their Greg what do they need to do we talked about the just there was talk about it. Our list was in -- cover corner of -- believes. A big strong intimidating saved the a a big wide receiver. Well where in which a top priority and -- goal for for the steam. Top thirty -- for me I guess to be targeting media need. And -- take. Will be out of the equation right now but he is going to be freeagent I would think. And I would doubt that he's gonna return just because -- looked -- -- troublemaker liberty noses -- How many chances you're gonna get to take a swing at a big contract and went what other better time is he gonna have a concession on -- contract and right now after being a you know a good citizen with the patriots and playing really well you know it would have -- him I don't even take the patriots call until. Free agency to -- wanna know what's out there. You know I think yeah absolutely. Cover corner is an issue I think that they need to. If you bumper at safety I mean I was on the Ed retrain and I'm sure that. Nobel check -- is if given the opportunity would like to bring him and just because. It is difficult to read. But he's not a good -- or he's got to -- -- I'd rather Bernard Pollard. Now I thought I was on the I was on the -- trade until. Until this game. They need -- physical safety that can rule the middle of the field I think that the patriots need to. -- with the mindset of you know what we don't mind if you. Personal foul penalties going across the middle it's gonna help us defensively which obviously the ravens didn't mind then we saw the effect that had. I think that. You cover corner they need -- A big cover corner of any brought I Dowling to do anything just about completely apple. I think that they need. They need at wide receiver they definitely need kind of day. All -- needed -- wide receiver big tall and lanky -- guy you can catch it long and short on a moment. Where they're gonna find Mac guy but they you know they've really got to stick a big pictures the biggest thing overall as they need to route reevaluate though they're. Their development program as far as secondary. In wide receiver because. Right now it's not providing any group whatsoever and that. Catches up would you answer. Do you think they think they're all set at pass rusher with Chandler Jones and now think of rich. I think well -- -- you know that time I think they realize in this has been an ongoing needs and the beginning of last year they wanted to give a a good. Interior pass first -- baseline jumper and the main -- They screwed that up Weathers the name game Alabama it was a little bit of both of them to the medical department didn't do good enough job on -- But it's on the kids from the -- Understood yesterday to a futures contract and he's that type of -- the -- 64300. Pound. Like grass -- telling though he's he's he's turtle time is it not. Part of a heart attack. And could play well that -- is that the that the. If the other there's a bunch of people out there and Boston public act -- the patriots -- 300 pounds about it are Axl. But up but I think that the under the patriot should pay attention to access about the actors. We'll see I mean look -- -- pads on and whatnot but he definitely the type of data they need but I. Look guys. -- I'm one of those illnesses like. Give me more more absorption I can't have enough I would rather pass rushers than cornerback and -- and Belichick as does not. Believe I mean you know you're on top earning -- championship game in new problem is starting Justin Francis an undrafted rookie of the workers. You know maybe next year -- but you should be event this this year. -- you get the defensive line two out of five I watched the game the broadcast not once but twice noticeably absent. With the name Vince Wilfork for -- the announcers lips how did he grade out. He did fine he just wasn't them dominant. And he you know he did apple like most of the from the line there was a lot of bad play there. They just couldn't make -- and you know I think the biggest difference in this game a -- was. You know last year we also insisted. Against Matt -- and Marshall and a my Italian it was much better this year and then Matt -- was much healthier in the game. And I thought a couple setters in this game I thought it was an AM. It was tutorial on how to place and honestly I thought Matt -- and Ryan -- -- -- spectacular in game. And bolster get a lot of credit. I'm we've done this just about every week since revenge on Greg we've gone through the Wes Welker situation various scenarios it's and you wavered have wavered you know -- depending on the week. Where do you stand this week is Wes Welker coming back in a -- is this it on the one year eleven plus million dollars there's again and -- long term deal. Also the before this scheme. I was leaning towards what's walker on main. You know contract -- -- three year four years whatever. I don't know how much this game factors into it -- Let's just say that you don't. Personally. -- -- personally I'm back in the undecided column I mean it's not. You know I think he's very valuable I think they need him I think they need to. Make that decision now elect you know which way the offense going again. You know I -- see where they were going at the beginning of the season with Hernandez and gronkowski in the inside and -- an adult men on the outside and that made them or more balance and probably a little bit more explosive. Are they gonna do that I think I think the -- now are going to be back in the quarter of. Working in the Arctic. They're gonna go to free agency I don't think that they're gonna attack them and don't I think that the they're gonna play nice to west and say look. You know this is the situation that -- with the cap com. We love you we want to retain you we just can't -- attack right now we have Sebastian -- we got to take care of mum some other things we have to do so once you go out behind you you're about -- Gamble -- okay and Woolsey what happens but. I think that they're gonna I think they're gonna have to slow play that a little bit not think that. They need to think about what direction and wanna go with with the offense and whether. -- -- part of that I think could be is I think these valuable just in the amount time he's on the field. If not in the training room. A combo wore out here the patriots Tom. Believe Greg this requires a guest about on your part of the ballpark figure if it's history your deal for Wes Welker -- think he's looking for like ten million a year. Thirty million for three years more or less. Policy last year they got to a point that was like a -- was. Five years. Somewhere in the ballpark eking guarantee you'd and men. I actually kind of fell apart on the back end a little bit so I think you're looking at. You know four years twenty million dollars guaranteed now and probably about. Eight -- nine. Average per year could get. And and and and you think if he goes out he'll he'll find -- in the B a team that we're willing to pay it. And then comes back to the patriots they'll pay that kind of they'll pay twenty million guaranteed. Not necessarily -- I think adult -- west that I don't that don't necessarily do it but I I don't know what I don't know what about you for Wes Welker out there I think he is valuable and I think he will have a there will be a couple teams were close to depending say look I need about different from my quarterback and we need to slot receiver. We don't happening Aaron Hernandez or Rob Gronkowski work in the middle of the field but having an 83 there would really help or often and so you know we're gonna. We're gonna go to like an average you know 67 million dollars a year and up that guarantee you and she brings it down I think that we do you will find. It is a hard won gains Greg but. Is much as he loves Brady and likes it here. You know there could be a team and we've talked about this many times like Denver like Green Bay like New Orleans to Dallas that looks really appealing and you say. I don't wanna leave Tom Brady but I could go to Peyton Manning or Aaron Rodgers or Drew Brees that's gonna look pretty good true pretty good -- to a freeagent. It is but I you know those teams you mentioned especially Green Bay in -- You know they have their system and they have their guys -- you know I can tell you green -- -- player. I'm a smoker they've still sign any free agents come and may have you know Randall Cobb and they have their own guys but there will be other teams you know like I concede. I think he would fit nicely on the team the cowboys. You know that -- -- I think that walker mixed -- you look. Some good as much as pretty makes walker look good advocates you know I think it's a symbiotic relationship and I. Com IQB I know Brady wants him back I do I think that there is a lot of value but they got. They figure out if they do you bring west back what are they gonna do with the president early and worked things that don't think big quite had it. Down and any court at any point during the season. But a question for me at first blush what are your thoughts about Tim Brown. Same bill Callahan sabotage the Super Bowl so Jon Gruden could win the title. Yeah I don't know about the sabotage our -- That story did not shock me just because I've heard stories -- I mean you know Al Davis was just. Brutal workforce for coaches he'd -- dominated everything I mean he. I've heard defensive coaches say -- you know and change game plans because there wasn't an uplifting and you know there wasn't up passing going into a Super Bowl. If they're gonna run it forty times I can totally see Al Davis -- in light. The rate is playing in the Super Bowl like -- You play. Late in just state work on the ball sixty times you're gonna do it -- you're going to be fired or whatnot I -- -- that I can't beat bill Callahan sabotaging. It not. On the -- of winning it should -- the coach a cutesy. Was that was -- -- Al Davis imitation. -- sort you have to be doing one. That's Saddam that's my Thursday -- Greg -- needless to say we've enjoyed our time together and in our listeners have as well appreciate it worked with a lot of fun and a very informative thanks for good season. Thanks guys that have I had a blast and both -- again next time. Greg Bedard with doesn't -- on the AT&T hotline AT&T forgy LTE.


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Dog adoption and cat adoption saves lives. Adopt a dog or adopt a cat and you'll have a friend for life! Contact us, or contact another local humane society, animal shelter or SPCA.
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- past experiences with animals and current animals in the home
- lifestyle, including work schedule and the kinds of activities they plan to do with their companion animal
- housing situation - own or rent, size of yard, etc
In order to make the best match possible for a family and home, we suggest potential adopters bring along all members of the household to meet the new companion animal and bring their current dog(s) to meet a potential dog. Adopters must also be 18 or older. Again, thank you for thinking of PHS/SPCA. We hope you find the companion animal you are looking for.
PHS/SPCA reserves the right to deny adoptions. Our priorities are the health, safety and future well-being of the animals in our care and the health, safety and expectations of people who visit us with hopes of finding a pet who will match their interests, lifestyle and existing companion animal(s).
Why should you adopt?
Dog adoption and cat adoption saves lives. Adopt a dog or adopt a cat and you'll have a friend for life! What is the difference between adopting a dog, adopting a cat, adopting a kitten or adopting a puppy versus getting dogs for sale, cats for sale, puppies for sale or kittens for sale from a dog breeder or a cat breeder? When someone is breeding puppies or breeding kittens, they are creating new dogs and cats who need homes. Some people are interested in a very specific breed of dog, cat, puppy or kitten and they think the only way to find that specific breed is to buy a dog for sale or buy a cat for sale from a puppy breeder or a kitten breeder. Yet animal shelters are filled with dogs and cats who must find homes. So rather than buying a dog or puppy for sale from a dog breeder or buying a cat or kitten for sale from a cat breeder, we encourage people to adopt a dog, adopt a cat, adopt a puppy or adopt a kitten at their local animal shelter, SPCA, humane society or pet rescue group.


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D 3 number 12 wires equal one number 8 wire?
Do three #12 wires equal at least one #8 wire?
In a sub panel I see 2 #8 wires in a 2 pole Circuit breaker and 3 number 12 wires are joined together and go from the neutral bus in the sub panel to the (one) neutral/ground bus in the main panel.
the 2 #8 wires are getting their juice from a 2 pole (40 amps per pole) Circuit breaker in the main panel. (back feeding)
My question: will the three #12 wires carry the neutral load safely?
This is not code at all.
Unless this is in conduit, the following are the reasons.
All your conductors need to be bundled together (as in romex or UF cable)
And your Neutral is not allowed to be undersized.
Get us a picture if you can because this sounds like someone messed it up bad.
Also, if you have a subpanel you also should have a Ground Bar that is wired to the main's neutral/ground.
3 no.12's don't equal a #8.they need to be the same size as in 3 #8's.you can't do it.you need to change what you have.by code you need two hot's one neutral and one ground.
Only if you are wiring Speakers, not if working with Electric.
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