text: Funny you should post that. I was just talking to my guy at the local gun store. He said they are starting to stock more and more CZ's due to many people asking for them. I guess the cat is out of the bag on the CZ. Glad I got my two (Rami and Compact) before the whole world jumps on the bandwagon.


text:
Air Conditioners | Dehumidifiers | Dishwashers | Disposals | Dryers | Freezers | Humidifiers | Ice Makers | Microwave Ovens | Ovens, Ranges, Stoves | Refrigerators | Trash Compactors | Washers | Water Filters
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- > Do-It-Yourself Appliance Repair Help > The Laundry Appliance Repair Forum > what is the max. length for a dryer vent?
|Moderated by: Samurai Appliance Repair Man
|Search Our Sites for More Info!
|what is the max. length for a dryer vent?
| Rate Topic
|Posted: Fri Oct 6th, 2006 03:33 pm
|1st Post
|My Amanda Gas Dryer (ALG43RAW) is in my basement. The dryer vent runs from the floor to the ceiling at a forty-five degree angle and then along a wall out to an exterior window vent. Approx. 15 feet in length. Is this configuration too long?
|Posted: Sat Oct 7th, 2006 01:14 am
|2nd Post
Master Appliantologist
| sounds like you're boarderline -- are you using flex or rigid? rigid smooth wall 28 feet with 4 elbows -- metal flex 20 feet w/4 elbows--the outside terminal should have a 4" opening. (general rule of thumb each elbow=4 feet of run)--- info taken from speed queen/amana dryer installation guide
Last edited on Sat Oct 7th, 2006 11:05 pm by donn
over 33,000 appliances repaired since 1978
|Posted: Sat Oct 7th, 2006 01:47 pm
|3rd Post
Samurai Appliance Repair Man
Fermented Grand Master of Appliantology
|Depends on the type of venting material and the type of exhaust hood...
Need parts? Call our Parts Department now! 877-803-7957
|Posted: Sat Oct 7th, 2006 05:19 pm
|4th Post
|Thank you kindly.
This alleviates much anxiety for my wife.
Which in turns, allows me to move on to a defective timer switch in my dryer that is on order.
|Posted: Sun Oct 8th, 2006 08:31 pm
|5th Post
|Trying not to get too technical but a "good" vent length is one that will not cause the "static pressure" to rise above 1/2 to 3/4 inch W.C.
A rise in static pressure will mean an accompanying drop in velocity pressure, as the two are inversely related.
Anything that will cause a rise in SP should be avoided as it will slow down air movement through the dryer.
Avoid long runs (12 feet and on would be considered long)
Avoid multiple bends. (a 90 deg bend is the same as effectively adding 5-9 feet of line)
I saw a house dryer instalation last month where the actual length of the run was about 35 feet, and there were 4 90 deg bends in it as well. Thats about 63 feet of effective run!
Since there was no way the run could be shortened, I installed a dryer boost fan in the last 1/3 of the run with a current sensing switch to activate it.
BTW, if youre wondering what the dryer insides and the venting looked like, it was about as clogged with lint as one can be... A REAL FIRE HAZARD
One more thing to consider.... why is it that we commonly light a fire in a lint filled machine and theres no fire extinquisher anywhere in the vicinity???
Bob Sankie,
Coastal Appliance, Heating & A/C
Serving San Diegos North County
Robert Sankie
Coastal Appliance, Heating & Air
Website: http://www.coastalappliances.com
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
|Posted: Sun Oct 8th, 2006 10:01 pm
|6th Post
Mad Mac
Fellow, Academy of Sublime Masters of Appliantology
|Firstly.,..welcome back Bob!
To add to Bob's excellent summary of venting science, modern (since about 1988) dryers do not do a good job of pushing upwards. Many modern homes have the laundry room stuck well away from an outside wall, necessitating a long run which often contains an upward run of some kind. Root of the problem is that the house builders do not talk to people like us in the appliance repair trade. They do not, AFAIK, talk to the appliance manufacturers.
Finally, great point re the fire extinguisher. I can't honestly recall ever seeing one in a laundry room on my travels...anyone?
Mad Mac....Pray to God he's out there....somewhere.
|Posted: Sun Oct 8th, 2006 10:05 pm
|7th Post
Fellow, Academy of Sublime Masters of Appliantology
|Good point Bob.
I wonder how many homes could be saved each year if we all had a few fire extinguishers in key areas of the home?
" Giving numerical data to Sears management is like giving a monkey a machine gun. No one knows for certain what will happen, but you can be sure of two things... It will be real messy, and only the monkey will be unharmed"
|Posted: Mon Oct 9th, 2006 01:37 pm
|8th Post
Samurai Appliance Repair Man
Fermented Grand Master of Appliantology
|Mad Mac wrote:
Finally, great point re the fire extinguisher. I can't honestly recall ever seeing one in a laundry room on my travels...anyone?
Only one time, and the guy was a volunteer fireman. We have ours right outside the laundry room, the reasoning being that we want to be able to enter the room with the fire extinguisher already in hand instead of trying to get to the fire extinguisher with a blaze in progress.
Need parts? Call our Parts Department now! 877-803-7957
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Looking Back-Sept. 12, 2013
40 years ago, Sept. 13, 1973
From the Country Echo
Members of the Class of '86 begin their first week of school.
The Pequot Lakes Indians football team defeated the Akeley Anglers 39-0.
30 years ago, Sept. 15, 1983
From the Country Echo
(Headline) Pequot police chief steps up battle against skunks
About 200 square dancers are expected for the Heartland Squares' annual fall festival.
20 years ago, Sept. 9, 1993
From the Lake Country Echo
A Sept. 1 fire guts part of Reed's Market in Crosslake.
The Nisswa Chamber elects Bonnie Tweed as the president for 1993-94.
10 years ago, Sept. 11, 2003
From the Lake Country Echo
(Headline) 371 bypass issue fuels Chamber board race
The Pequot Lakes football team lost to the Lake of the Woods-Baudette Bears 23-22.


text:
United States of America 1928 – 2011
Other generations
oil on canvas
signed and dated lower right, red oil, "Frankenthaler/ '57"
174.7 (h) x 177.9 (w) cm Purchased 1973 National Gallery of Australia, Canberra
NGA 1973.330 © Helen Frankenthaler
- the artist;
- from whom bought through André Emmerich Gallery Inc., New York, by the Acquisitions Committee of the Australian National Gallery, March 1973
- New York Painting and Sculpture: 1940-1970
- Metropolitan Museum of Art 18 Oct 1969 – 08 Feb 1970
- The Big Americans
- National Gallery of Australia 04 Oct 2002 – 27 Jan 2003
- Against the Grain: The Woodcuts of Helen Frankenthaler
- National Gallery of Australia 26 Nov 2005 – 26 Feb 2006
- Abstract Expressionism: the National Gallery of Australia celebrates the centenaries of Jackson Pollock and Morris Louis
- 14 Jul 2012 – 24 Feb 2013
- Henry Geldzahler, New York painting and sculpture: 1940–1970, London: Pall Mall Press, in association with The Metropolitan Museum of Art 1969, cat. 80, p. 149, illus.;
- John Russell, The meanings of modern art, vol. 11: The great divide 1950–70, New York: Museum of Modern Art 1975, pp. 7, 41, col. illus. pl. 2;
- Patrick McCaughy, 'The modern period and the Australian National Gallery', Art and Australia vol. 14 nos s3 & 4, January–April 1977, illus. p. 273;
- John Elderfield, Frankenthaler, New York: Harry N. Abrams 1989, pp. 116, 118, col. illus.;
- Michael Lloyd and Michael Desmond, European and American paintings and sculptures 1870–1970 in the Australian National Gallery, Canberra: Australian National Gallery 1992, pp. 290–291, col. illus.;
- Jane Kinsman, The art of collaboration: The big Americans, Canberra: National Gallery of Australia 2002, pp. 94–95, p. 139, col. illus.;
- Jaklyn Babington, Against the grain: The woodcuts of Helen Frankenthaler, Canberra: National Gallery of Australia 2005, p. [10]
Other generations is painted on unprimed canvas using diluted oil paint, the 'staining' technique that Frankenthaler adopted and developed after 1952, inspired bythe paintings of Jackson Pollock. In a statement published in 1957, the year she painted Other generations, Frankenthaler described her approach:
I often start a canvas on the floor (stretched or unstretched) then work on it on the wall ... I use sized and primed canvas or unsized cotton duck. My medium is a combination of turpentine, tube paint and enamel. I use brushes or a palette knife but I often shake or toss the paint off the brush—rather than apply it—or use my shoe or hand, controlling and changing the accidental with specific ideas.[1]
Other generations is one of a series of paintings from the autumn of1957 that can bedistinguished from Frankenthaler's dense expressionist landscapes of 1955 and 1956 by their larger scale, open composition and gestural freedom. Vestigial images seem to surface in a number of these later paintings, for example, Nude[2] and Jacob's ladder[3]. In the National Gallery of Australia's painting a female torso appears to materialise in the upper centre of the painting. To a suggestion that this image may have prompted the title Other generations, the artist replied:
Titles are a problem! I often fear that they are used too easily as a 'handle'; leading to an emphasis on the literary and/or subjective interpretation in lieu of an aesthetic one … : in the case of Other Generations I myself would tend to minimise yet recognise your 'association with a full female torso'. One might project or decipher some kind of figure‑shape(s). More important, different carefully‑placed, various‑sized colorshapes seem to 'spawn' or regenerate each other on the canvas surface; colored lines and forms, working in a negative/positive relationship, that create space.[4]
The usual assumption that male artists pioneer techniques and ideas, to be followed by female artists later, is tested by Frankenthaler's pouring of paint onto unprimed canvas in the early 1950s. This was a breakthrough for the second generation of Abstract Expressionists, which served to reinforce the importance of the almost blank or white support, which now seemed almost equally privileged alongside the painted mark. Another gender issue arises in the title of the work, which now raises the issue of 'female' subject matter. But here the references to a female figure, and the artist's commentary on it, are undercut by the understanding that Frankenthaler is generating images, which may multiply themselves like other life forms.
Michael Lloyd and Michael Desmond, European and American paintings and sculptures 1870–1970 in the Australian National Gallery, Canberra: Australian National Gallery 1992, pp. 290–291, revised Christine Dixon 2012
[1]Helen Frankenthaler, 'New talent in the US: Helen Frankenthaler', Art in America vol. 45 no. 1, March 1957, p. 29
[2]Collection of the artist
[3]The Museum of Modern Art, New York, gift of Hyam N. Glickstein
[4]Helen Frankenthaler, correspondence with the National Gallery of Australia, 29 November 1988, NGA file 72/2699
The National Gallery of Australia holds more than 200 intaglio, woodcut, lithographic and mixed media prints by Frankenthaler, including stage proofs from Tyler Graphics, and a portfolio This is not a book.


text:
Gadget Geek's Guide to Memorial Day Weekend
We've rounded up all you need to throw the best party this Memorial Day Weekend
With Memorial Day weekend right around the bend, we figured we'd find the tools you need to fully enjoy your well-earned long weekend.
Logitech UE Air Speaker
It's not a party unless there's music. Speakers outside by the BBQ or pool are always a necessity on a nice day, especially if they're as sleek and sexy as the Logitech UE Air Speaker. What's awesome about this particular gadget is that you're able to wirelessly connect it to every single iOS device around to stream songs, so even that friend who insists on bringing his iPad everywhere can be a part of choosing the playlist. All you have to do is download the app and stream the songs you want to hear. If you're stuck for ideas, why not hook up your device to its hidden dock and launch the Spotify app to stream a DJ Summer Altice playlist you can find here!
Price: $400
Specs: Only compatible with iOS 4.3 and later. Comes with a 1-year limited warranty
Performer Charcoal Grill
If you're not particularly fond of the generic gas grill, we've found the barbecue for you! This well-designed BBQ not only comes with a handy steel-frame cart and a lid-mounted thermometer, but is also equipped with a Touch-N-Go gas-ignition system which ignites your charcoal briquettes at the press of a button. If you need to brush up on your charcoal BBQ skills, our wonderful playmate Mei-Ling Lam wrote a dos and don'ts of grilling that will have you flipping burgers with your eyes closed in no time. Buy your own here!
Price: $330
Specs: Built-in tool holder and a cooking area of 363 square inches
Deluxe Kegerator Draft Dispenser
Don't think we've forgotten the beer. This mini "kegerator" will keep your beer at the perfect temperature and will deliver a pub-quality pour every time. It is designed to hook up to the Heineken 5 liter keg, but it can be used with any other standard-sized mini keg using a C02 accessory kit which is sold separately. Get your own keg here!
Price: $150
Specs: Temperature range: 38-54 degrees Fahrenheit
Launch Kontrol - Remote Firework Launcher
You may think this one is a little crazy, but after spending the day drinking beer and eating burgers, you may not be fit for firework duty once the sun sets. Inventors over in the UK have developed a remote-controlled firework launcher that will wirelessly launch up to five fireworks in sequence called the Launch Kontrol.
Price: $35
Specs: Remote control works at a distance of up to 25 meters and will take approximately 12 seconds to launch.


text:
Bye bye Bradshaw, loved that guy.
Bye bye Bradshaw, loved that guy.
NFL Championships : 1927 1934 1938 1956 Super Bowl Champions: XXI XXV XLII XLVI
Sounds interesting. SMH.
2017 Mock Draft
1st: Forrest Lamp, OG Western Kentucky
2nd: Caleb Brantley, DT Florida
3rd: Gerald Everett, TE South Alabama
4th: Dont'a Foreman, RB Texas
5th: Damontae Kazee, CB San Diego State
6th: KD Cannon, WR Baylor
7th: Jalen Reeves-Maybin, LB Tennessee
looks like we're finally going to get some snow up here
they say NYC going to get whalloped, good luck all there
this draft I am hoping and praying that the O-Line gets addressed primarily, followed by the DBs.
But with Canty gone, Linval Joseph and Rocky are going to have to be major. I am afraid that Marvelous Marvin Austin may be a bust and who knows if Shaun Rodgers even sees the field?
I also think Tyler Sash gets released along with Keith "Owie" Rivers.
I think Tracy and Ojomo will get the nod and hopefully Kiwanuka goes back to his natural DE position along with Tuck.
At this point our D is gashed open and we have needs at all levels. All levels.
Plus we got to figure out a way to keep Bennett at TE...
this will be a very different looking Team in 2013-14, God willing...
NFL Championships : 1927 1934 1938 1956 Super Bowl Champions: XXI XXV XLII XLVI
shame to hear Bradshaw was let go.
i think Bautista thinks he'll be good. the Jays have had their share of good hitters turn crap after wrist injuries though (V Wells L Overbay )
Last edited by bandwgn86; 02-07-2013 at 06:25 PM.


text:
Town Square
The tunnels: so much money that benefits so few
Original post made by Tim Hunt, Castlewood, on Mar 28, 2013
The tunnel openings cap more than 50 years of history since Caltrans had proposed a four- or six-lane bypass road that would have gone through a state park a bit inland in 1960. The battle went on until 1996 when county voters overwhelmingly approved a tunnel-only option. The resistance to the road was based upon both environmental and growth issues—residents feared it would open up the coast to additional residential development.
So the late Congressman Tom Lantos managed to line up $439 million in federal emergency relief—the full cost of the tunnels-- back before the Republicans banned earmarks in 2010. The tunnels bear his name; as well they should because without his influence, there's no way they would have been built. It is simply absurd that so much federal money was spent to serve so few.
It took place in one of the budget cycles where a former Republican Congressman from Bakersfield as a committee chairman earmarked $600 million to improve Highway 99 in his district. In that same bill, Interstate 580 through the Livermore Valley received just $15 million. The tunnels, the second longest in the state next to the Wawona tunnel into Yosemite National Park.
That immense federal expenditure will serve about 30,000 residents along the San Mateo County coast from Montara to Half Moon Bay. It makes the $1 billion rebuild of Doyle Drive to serve Marin County residents commuting to San Francisco almost seem reasonable—that was a Nancy Pelosi stimulus special.
It is simply power politics without regard for need. Interstate 580 has been among the Bay Area's most congested freeways for years and is the only major gateway to the Bay Area for trucks carrying containers to and from the Port of Oakland as well as the 18-wheelers carrying goods for retailers from distribution centers in San Joaquin County.
Throw in lots of commute traffic coming from San Joaquin County cities and you have the congestion we see every week day. There is no light commute on I-580.
It is simply absurd, but it is politics.
Highway 101, for instance, carries 8,300 vehicles during peak commute hours. By contrast, I-580 carries 17,400. More significantly, truck traffic on the Golden Gate Bridge is just 1.3 percent compared to 10.4 percent on I-580. For Highway 1 north of Half Moon Bay, the total is just 2,400 vehicles.
The bottom line—crank up the pressure on the local politicians. Former Rep. Richard Pombo focused lots of his efforts on the worthy effort to reform the Endangered Species Act and failed to deliver for his district
Here's hoping current Rep. Eric Swalwell, who was elected to Congress as a Dublin City Councilman, will do better. The valley needs the help because it will always remain the commerce route to the Port of Oakland and core Bay Area cities as well as a northern gateway to Silicon Valley.
Comments (2)
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Mar 28, 2013 at 2:56 pm
nancy s. is a registered user.
Having grown up in Montara I can assure you, these tunnels benefit many. Besides the local residences needing to get to their jobs,many in SF, you have businesses in the area that need employees/deliveries to get in. Additionally, there was a few times I remember when Hwy 1 (Devils Slide)and an accident closed Hwy 92. We were unable to get out for 3 days because of storm related landslides at both "the slide" and Hwy 92. It is not that easy when working in SF to go all the way around to Hwy 84, because everyone is doing it and the roads are only one lane in each direction, so you area at a snails pace.Now days there is more tele-commuting, but not when I lived there. Also the ecomony in the area relies on tourist coming in and many come in from the north not the east. Have you tried driving over to HMB around the pumpkin festival time? Or in the summer when everyone is headong to the beach? Try imaging everyone on Hwy 92.
a resident of Old Towne
on Apr 6, 2013 at 7:34 am
Casanova_Frankenstein is a registered user.
Silly Nancy! Who cares if it's vital to the residents who use it? Don't you see? It doesn't serve the needs of The Tim! If The Tim doesn't use it, then it deserves the the scorn he so rightfully pours on it!
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Media malpractice
By Tim Hunt | 45 comments | 998 views
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2017 guide to summer camps
Looking for something for the kids to do this summer, learn something new and have fun? The 2017 Summer Camp Guide features local camps for all ages and interests.


text:
ACParadise Network: American Cosplay Paradise American Cosplay Experience American Cosplay Snapshots
Cosplayer Shark Baroness > Costume of Miss Martian / M'gann M'orzz / Megan Morse (Young Justice)
- Most Recent Photo
- 03-26-2014
- Series
- Young Justice
- Character
- Miss Martian / M'gann M'orzz / Megan Morse
- Special Variation:
- Invasion
- Year Completed:
- 2012
- Construction Difficulty:
- Costume worn at:
- Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo / C2E2 2013
- Youmacon 2012
About this Costume
- Construction Details:
I purchased a black zentai as a base. I used an old t-shirt to make a pattern for the fabric for the red X. I also used 1/2" smaller version of the pattern to cut out the black zentai so I could attach the X. Black flats are worn inside the zentai with soles added to the outside for traction. The cape was made using broadcloth and a Halloween costume pattern from Simplicity. I followed Sirene's Miss Martian makeup tutorial on Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NySBYj9kE34&feature=plcp
Add a Comment


text:
Wayne Law Professor, Alumnus Publish Third Edition of Book
DETROIT (Sept. 29, 2008) –Wayne State University Law School Professor of Law Katherine E. White and Wayne Law alumnus Eric M. Dobrusin, '88, recently published the third edition of "Intellectual Property Litigation: Pretrial Practice."
According to aspenpublishers.com,"'Intellectual Property Litigation: Pretrial Practice' offers up-to-date, comprehensive case analysis and a clear framework for streamlining the procedural requirements and issues involved in resolving patent disputes. [Readers] will find unparalleled analysis of crucial procedures and guiding case law on key phases of pretrial litigation practice including: preliminary injunction, bifurcation, discovery, summary judgment, and more."
"On behalf of Wayne Law, I would like to congratulate Professor White and Mr. Dobrusin on their accomplishment," said Wayne Law Dean and Professor of Law Robert M. Ackerman. "I continue to be impressed by the quantity and quality of work produced by our faculty and alumni. Practitioners and scholars in the field should find this publication to be quite comprehensive and extremely useful."
Professor Katherine E. White earned a B.S.E. degree in electrical engineering and computer science from Princeton University in 1988, a J.D. degree from the University of Washington School of Law in 1991, and an LL.M. degree in intellectual property law from the George Washington University National Law Center in 1996.
Upon graduation from law school, Professor White served on active duty in the Honor's Program of the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Corps as the Corps of Engineers' Intellectual Property Counsel. After leaving active duty, she clerked for the Honorable Randall R. Rader, Circuit Judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
Professor White received the Fulbright Senior Scholar Award for 1999-2000, hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law in Munich, Germany. She was appointed by the Secretary of Commerce to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) Patent Public Advisory Committee in 2000. And, from 2001-2002, Professor White served as the White House Fellow assigned to the Secretary of Agriculture Ann M. Veneman of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Professor White is a registered patent attorney, currently serving on the Fulbright Association board and as a chair of the University of Michigan Board of Regents. In addition, she serves as a Lt. Colonel in the U.S. Army reserves, and is the reserve Deputy Commander and Associate Dean of the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School (JAG School) at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
Eric M. Dobrusin earned a B.S.E. in materials and metallurgical engineering from the University of Michigan College of Engineering in 1985, and a J.D. from Wayne Law in 1988. He gained admission to the State Bar of Michigan in 1988, and thereafter became registered to practice before the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office as a patent attorney.
Dobrusin currently concentrates his practice at Dobrusin & Thennisch PC (founded in 1999) in patent counseling and strategic patent prosecution. He also recently co-authored another book, Dobrusin and Krasnow titled "Intellectual Property Culture: Strategies to Foster Successful Patent and Trade Secret Practices in Everyday Business" (Oxford University Press 2008).
About Wayne Law
Wayne State University Law School has educated and served the Detroit metropolitan area since its inception as Detroit City Law School in 1927. Located at 471 West Palmer Street in Detroit's re-energized historic cultural center, the Law School remains committed to student success and features modern lecture and court facilities, multi-media and distance learning classrooms, a 250-seat auditorium, and the Arthur Neef Law Library, which houses one of the nation's 40 largest legal collections. Taught by an internationally recognized and expert faculty, Wayne State Law School students experience a high-quality legal education via a growing array of hands-on curricular offerings, five live-client clinics, and access to well over 100 internships with local and non-profit entities each year. Its 11,000 living alumni, who work in every state of the nation and more than a dozen foreign countries, are experts in their disciplines and include leading members of the local, national and international legal communities. For more information, visit www.law.wayne.edu.


text: OK, so its been raining here for about 26 hours straight, seriously, and the bees haven't had a chance to get out and work to much but just went out to the hives and see how they were doing anyway and noticed dead, wet, and dark bees on the front porch. I'm assuming they have just been removed from the hive naturally but the bees weren't able to perform their undertaking duties properly because it has been so wet and outside of the hive suffices for now. I'm assuming they will finish the job once it dries out a little out there.


text:
Hope Poses on Celebrity Apprentice
Playmate of the Year 2009 Hope Dworaczyk is still standing on "Celebrity Apprentice."
While things have gotten rather catty for Team ASAP on this season's Celebrity Apprentice, Playmate of the Year 2010 Hope Dworaczyk has found a way to prevail. Hope is among the final four contestants for Team ASAP, a day after posing for an impromptu photo shoot in which she had rose pedals sprinkled on her in a bathtub. While we don't have any photos from that particular shoot, which were part of an ad campaign for the Trump Hotel Collection, you can look back at the Playboy pictorials that helped Hope get last year's Playmate of the Year nod.


text:
Residents near Asarco have option to evacuate on demolition day
EL PASO, Texas - Some El Pasoans will have a front row seat for the demolition of the Asarco smokestacks.
If they so choose, residents of the La Calavera neighborhood -- or Skull Canyon -- located within less than a mile of the stacks, will be allowed to watch from their homes on April 13.
The neighborhood is located on San Marcos Road, just off of Executive Center Boulevard, tucked in an arroyo near the Asarco site.
ABC-7 went to the La Calavera neighborhood, the closest residential area to the former smelter, to speak with residents about demolition day. Some were concerned with the stacks coming down, telling ABC-7 they hadn't had direction yet from those in charge of the demolition.
But Asarco trustee Roberto Puga said he plans to walk door-to-door in the neighborhood in the next two weeks to offer residents the opportunity to stay in a nearby hotel at no cost on demolition weekend. Puga said it is optional and not mandatory with the biggest concern being closed roads rather than dust or vibration.
La Calavera resident John Galvan, 29, said he has lived in the neighborhood since birth. He said he is not concerned about the demolition and prefers to stay home to have a front row seat for the demolition.
"I'll probably sit on my roof with my lawn chairs," he said, "and sell tickets to whoever wants to come down here."


text:
Sansum Clinic Endocrinology is a Recognized Diabetes Self-Management Training Program with the American Diabetes Association—honoring our commitment to empower patients to lead active, healthy lives. In fact, we've been singled out as the best of California's participating clinics for our monitoring of diabetes patients through the use of blood tests. Our frequency in testing provides an ongoing and accurate measure of how well a person's diabetes is under control, and keeps us and our patients on top of any potential problems.
Sansum Clinic's certified diabetes educators offer a diverse array of diabetes classes, counseling and support groups to help people manage their condition with confidence. Our diabetes education program provides all the latest information for people living with diabetes, and is a must for anyone newly diagnosed.
Family and friends are encouraged to attend. Diabetes classes and resources are offered at minimum or no cost and are open to the community.
Do you have pre-diabetes or is your blood sugar a little high? This is your chance to prevent diabetes and heart disease with simple lifestyle changes. Our registered dietitian will help you understand:
This two-part diabetes education program covers and clarifies all of the essentials, including:
Attend this program to understand how self-monitoring helps you manage your diabetes and improve blood sugar. You will learn to establish your blood sugar goals, and how to use your meter, when to test and what to do when blood sugar is too high or too low. Please bring your blood sugar monitor to class.
Our team of diabetes educators is available to meet one-on-one with you to:
Our registered dietitian leads a monthly discussion for people interested in food, health and longevity. Join in to:
Free of charge.
Do you use insulin to manage diabetes or want to know more about it? If yes, this monthly support group is for you. The group is facilitated by a certified diabetes educator and individuals with diabetes. Discussion topics include new technology for diabetes, exercise while using insulin, nutrition and coping strategies.
See our current schedule and sign up for an empowering diabetes class today.
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text:
Tomboy Tugs Button and her family are never lucky. That is, until the summer of 1929 and Tugs becomes friends with Aggie Millhouse. Everything changes for Tugs when she enters a race with Aggie and they win the race. When Tugs wins a Brownie camera in the Independence Day raffle she can't believe it. Has the luck of the Buttons finally changed for the better? Tugs also becomes involved in the mystery that surrounds a stranger in town. No one else in town is suspicious of the stranger, but Tugs thinks he is up to no good. Is Tugs making a mistake? Will she solve the mystery surrounding the stranger in town? Read this comical story to find the answers.
Join us on Sunday, January 6th at 2 PM to discuss this entertaining story. Snacks will be served.


text:
Marking another step in its ongoing commitment to the environment, Airbus is taking a leading role in the newly-announced Partners in the Sky programme – which brings together scientific expertise of the Smithsonian Institution with aviation and aerospace technology to unlock the mysteries of animal migration.
This major collaboration was launched today during a standing-room-only event held at a highly appropriate location: the Smithsonian National Zoological Park's Elephant Community Center in Washington, D.C., with three of the facility's well-known resident pachyderms – Ambika, Kandula and Shanthi – in attendance as the programme was unveiled.
Partners in the Sky aims to create a first-of-its-kind global animal tracking system to monitor the migratory activity of animals, which is essential to maintaining ecosystems and ultimately a healthy planet. Specifically, the programme could discover unknown migration routes, help better understand the spread of infectious diseases, combat poaching, save species from extinction and other major achievements.
Such a comprehensive tracking programme that can be shared across the conservation community has enormous potential, though technological hurdles must first be overcome. While migrations are common among more than 6,000 animal species, more than 90 per cent of the globe's wildlife is too small to track; and for larger species like elephants, conservation-tracking technologies are prohibitively expensive, have high failure rates and are limited in their range and resolution.
Airbus Americas Chairman Allan McArtor learned of the technical challenges facing this effort and knew industry could help. "Aviation and aerospace companies deploy similar technologies and programmes every day – whether in satellite navigation, communication and surveillance or in high-fidelity tracking," said McArtor, who provided comments during the launch event. "No industry is better positioned to help the public sector transform wildlife conservation and make a difference in the health of our planet."
Scientists from the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute have identified specifications for the ideal tracking system, and in coordination with the Partners in the Sky consortium, charted a course of action that includes four key parts: miniaturize tracking devices to 1 gram or less; increase data transmission and make tracking devices more affordable and reliable; use aircraft equipped with antennae and receivers to collect data from transmitter-tagged wildlife; and integrate tracking with environmental satellite data, to help predict why, how, where and when animals move. Experts from across the collaboration were on hand at the launch event to detail these four components and the key advances they can bring.
Joining Airbus in Partners in the Sky are: Intel, Iridium Communications Inc., Joubeh, Lockheed Martin, Michael Goldfarb Associates, Raytheon, Rockwell Collins and United Airlines. Pennsylvania State University's Applied Research Laboratory became a member thanks to a donation from the Rick Bowe and Karen Nemeth Charitable Fund.


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Health Information
Osteoarthritis (Holistic)Skip to the navigation
About This Condition
Use topical ointment
Treat discomfort with an ointment or cream containing 0.025 to 0.075% capsaicin four times a day over painful joints: make sure not to let capsaicin come in contact with the eyes.
Add antioxidants
Eat more fruits and vegetables and take 400 to 1,600 IU a day of vitamin E to put antioxidants to work protecting your joints.
Help prevent joint damage with GS and CS
Take 1,500 mg a day of glucosamine sulfate, 800 to 1,200 mg a day of chondroitin sulfate, or a combination of both supplements, for pain and to protect joints.
Get moving
Start a gentle program of walking and strengthening exercise to reduce pain and improve joint function.
Slim down
Achieve and maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress to joints and prevent osteoarthritis.
Get moving
A gentle program of walking and strengthening exercise has been shown to benefit people with osteoarthritis-so get a jumpstart by staying active before problems start.
About This Condition
Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease of the joints, especially the weight-bearing joints that develops when the linings of joints degenerate, leading to lipping and spurring of bone, pain , and decreased mobility and function.
Osteoarthritis is a universal consequence of aging among animals with a bony skeleton. Many factors contribute to the development of osteoarthritis; the disease is primarily associated with aging and injury and was once called "wear-and-tear" arthritis. Osteoarthritis may occur secondary to many other conditions. However, in most cases, the true cause of osteoarthritis is unknown.
The onset of osteoarthritis is gradual and most often affects the hips, knees, fingers, and spine, although other joints also may be involved. Pain is the main symptom, which usually worsens with exercise and is relieved by rest. Morning stiffness is also common and diminishes with movement. As osteoarthritis progresses, joint motion is lost, and tenderness and grating sensations may develop. Osteoarthritis of the spine may lead to shooting pains down the arms or legs.
Healthy Lifestyle Tips
Obesity increases the risk of osteoarthritis developing in weight-bearing joints, and weight loss in women is associated with reduced risk for developing osteoarthritis.1 , 2 Weight loss is also thought to reduce the pain of existing osteoarthritis.3
Holistic Options
Several clinical trials have examined the efficacy of acupuncture for osteoarthritis, with mixed results. Some trials found acupuncture treatment to be no more effective than either placebo4 or sham acupuncture5 at relieving osteoarthritis pain. Other trials have demonstrated a significant effect of acupuncture on the relief of osteoarthritis pain compared to placebo.6 , 7 A well-designed trial found that acupuncture treatments (twice weekly for eight weeks) significantly improved pain and disability in people with osteoarthritis of the knee compared to no treatment.8 When the group receiving no treatment was switched to acupuncture treatments, they experienced similar improvements.
In a controlled trial, a combination of manual physical therapy (by a qualified physical therapist) and supervised exercise significantly improved walking distance and pain in a group of people with osteoarthritis of the knee.9 The therapeutic regimen consisted of manual therapy to the knee, low back, hip, and ankle as necessary, as well as a standardized knee-exercise program performed at home and in the clinic. The treatments were given twice weekly at the clinic for four weeks.
Eating Right
The right diet is the key to managing many diseases and to improving general quality of life. For this condition, scientific research has found benefit in the following healthy eating tips.
|Try the Warmbrand diet
A diet free of meat, poultry, dairy, chemicals, sugar, eggs, and processed foods has helped people with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis in anecdotal reports. Work with a specialist to ensure healthy nutrition.
In the 1950s through the 1970s, Dr. Max Warmbrand used a diet free of meat, poultry, dairy, chemicals, sugar, eggs, and processed foods for people with rheumatoid arthritis and OA, anecdotally claiming significant success.10 He reported that clinical results took at least six months to develop. The Warmbrand diet has never been properly tested in clinical research. Moreover, although the diet is healthful and might reduce the risk of being diagnosed with many other diseases, it is difficult for most people to follow. This difficulty, plus the lack of published research, leads many doctors who are aware of the Warmbrand diet to use it only if other approaches have failed.
|Avoid nightshade vegetables
Abstain from eating tomatoes, white potatoes, peppers (except black pepper), and eggplant, which contain solanine, a substance that may contribute to osteoarthritis.
Solanine is a substance found in nightshade plants, including tomatoes, white potatoes, all peppers (except black pepper), and eggplant. In theory, if not destroyed in the intestine, solanine may be toxic. One horticulturist hypothesized that some people might not be able to destroy solanine in the gut, leading to solanine absorption and resulting in OA. This theory has not been proven. However, eliminating solanine from the diet has been reported to bring relief to some arthritis sufferers in preliminary research.11 , 12 In a survey of people avoiding nightshade plants, 28% claimed to have a "marked positive response" and another 44% a "positive response." Researchers have never put this diet to a strict clinical test; however, the treatment continues to be used by some doctors with patients who have OA. As with the Warmbrand diet, proponents claim exclusion of solanine requires up to six months before potential effects may be seen. Totally eliminating tomatoes and peppers requires complex dietary changes for most people. In addition, even proponents of the diet acknowledge that many arthritis sufferers are not helped by using this approach. Therefore, long-term trial avoidance of solanine-containing foods may be appropriate only for people with OA who have not responded to other natural treatments.
|Uncover allergies
If other therapies are unsuccessful in relieving symptoms, talk to your doctor about identifying and eliminating possible food allergies.
Most of the studies linking allergies to joint disease have focused on rheumatoid arthritis , although mention of what was called "rheumatism" in older reports (some of which may have been OA) suggests a possible link between food reactions and aggravations of OA symptoms.13 If other therapies are unsuccessful in relieving symptoms, people with OA might choose to discuss food allergy identification and elimination with a physician.
Our proprietary "Star-Rating" system was developed to help you easily understand the amount of scientific support behind each supplement in relation to a specific health condition. While there is no way to predict whether a vitamin, mineral, or herb will successfully treat or prevent associated health conditions, our unique ratings tell you how well these supplements are understood by some in the medical community, and whether studies have found them to be effective for other people.
For over a decade, our team has combed through thousands of research articles published in reputable journals. To help you make educated decisions, and to better understand controversial or confusing supplements, our medical experts have digested the science into these three easy-to-follow ratings. We hope this provides you with a helpful resource to make informed decisions towards your health and well-being.
3 Stars Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit.
2 Stars Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit.
1 Star For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support.
3 Stars
Boswellia, Ashwagandha, Turmeric, and Zinc
1,000 mg daily boswellia resin herbal extract or two capsules, three times per day of Aticulin-F (formula containing 100 mg boswellia, 450 mg ashwagandha, 50 mg turmeric, and 50 mg zinc)
A combination of boswellia, ashwagandha, turmeric, and zinc effectively treated pain and stiffness in one study, without the stomach irritation that is a common side effect of NSAIDs.
Boswellia has anti-inflammatory properties that have been compared to those of the NSAIDs used by many for inflammatory conditions.14 Clinical trials have found that boswellia is more effective than a placebo for relieving pain and swelling and preventing loss of function in people with osteoarthritis.15 Boswellia has also been found to be as effective as the anti-inflammatory drug valdecoxib (Bextra). In addition, while the improvements occurred more slowly in the boswellia group than in the valdecoxib group, they persisted for a longer period of time after treatment was discontinued.16 One clinical trial found that a combination of boswellia, ashwagandha , turmeric , and zinc effectively treated pain and stiffness associated with OA but did not improve joint health, according to X-rays of the affected joint.17 Unlike NSAIDs, long-term use of boswellia does not lead to irritation or ulceration of the stomach.
3 Stars
Cat's Claw
100 mg of a freeze-dried preparation daily
Cat's claw has been used traditionally for osteoarthritis. In one trial, cat's claw was significantly more effective than a placebo at relieving pain and improving overall condition.
Cat's claw has been used traditionally for osteoarthritis. In a double-blind trial, 100 mg per day of a freeze-dried preparation of cat's claw taken for four weeks was significantly more effective than a placebo at relieving pain and improving the overall condition.18
3 Stars
Apply 0.025 to 0.075% capsaicin ointment four times per day over painful joints
When rubbed over painful joints, cayenne extract creams containing 0.025 to 0.075% capsaicin may reduce the pain and tenderness of osteoarthritis.
Several double-blind trials have shown that topical use of cayenne extract creams containing 0.025 to 0.075% capsaicin reduces pain and tenderness caused by osteoarthritis.19 , 20 , 21 , 22 These creams are typically applied four times daily for two to four weeks, after which twice daily application may be sufficient.23 Products containing capsicum oleoresin rather than purified capsaicin may not be as effective.24
3 Stars
Chondroitin Sulfate
800 to 1,200 mg a day
Many trials have shown that supplementing with chondroitin sulfate reduces pain, increases joint mobility, and promotes healing within the joints.
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a major component of the lining of joints. The structure of CS includes molecules related to glucosamine sulfate. CS levels have been reported to be reduced in joint cartilage affected by osteoarthritis. Possibly as a result, CS supplementation may help restore joint function in people with osteoarthritis.25 On the basis of preliminary evidence, researchers had believed that oral CS was not absorbed in humans;26 as a result, early double-blind CS research was done mostly by giving injections.27 , 28 This research documented clinical benefits from CS injections. It now appears, however, that a significant amount of CS is absorbable in humans,29 though dissolving CS in water leads to better absorption than swallowing whole pills.30
Strong clinical evidence now supports the use of oral CS supplements for osteoarthritis. Many double-blind trials have shown that CS supplementation consistently reduces pain, increases joint mobility, and/or shows evidence (including X-ray changes) of healing within joints of people with osteoarthritis.31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 Most trials have used 400 mg of CS taken two to three times per day. One trial found that taking the full daily amount (1,200 mg) at one time was as effective as taking 400 mg three times per day.42 Reduction in symptoms typically occurs within several months.
3 Stars
510 mg daily of a concentrated herbal extract, taken in divided doses
Ginger has historically been used for arthritis and rheumatism. Studies have shown it to be effective at relieving pain and swelling in people with osteoarthritis.
Ginger has historically been used for arthritis and rheumatism. A preliminary trial reported relief in pain and swelling among people with arthritis who used powdered ginger supplements43 More recently, a double-blind trial found ginger extract (170 mg three times a day for three weeks) to be slightly more effective than placebo at relieving pain in people with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee.44 In another double-blind study, a concentrated extract of ginger, taken in the amount of 255 mg twice daily for six weeks, was significantly more effective than a placebo, as determined by the degree of pain relief and overall improvement.45
3 Stars
1,500 mg daily
Glucosamine sulfate is necessary for joint cartilage synthesis and repair. It has been shown to significantly reduce osteoarthritis symptoms and appears to be virtually free of side effects.
Glucosamine sulfate (GS), a nutrient derived from seashells, is a building block needed for the synthesis and repair of joint cartilage. GS supplementation has significantly reduced symptoms of osteoarthritis in uncontrolled46 , 47 and single-blind trials.48 , 49 Many double-blind trials have also reported efficacy.50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 One published trial has reported no effect of GS on osteoarthritis symptoms,56 and GS has been found to be ineffective for low back pain related to lumbar spine osteoarthritis.57 While most research trials use 500 mg GS taken three times per day, results of a three-year, double-blind trial indicate that 1,500 mg taken once per day produces significant reduction of symptoms and halts degenerative changes seen by x-ray examination.58 GS does not cure people with osteoarthritis, and they may need to take the supplement for the rest of their lives in order to maintain benefits. Fortunately, GS appears to be virtually free of side effects, even after three or more years of supplementation. Benefits from GS generally become evident after three to eight weeks of treatment.
3 Stars
1200 mg daily
SAMe has anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and tissue-healing properties that may help protect the health of joints and reduce osteoarthritis symptoms.
SAMe (S-adenosyl methionine) possesses anti-inflammatory, pain -relieving, and tissue-healing properties that may help protect the health of joints,59 , 60 though the primary way in which SAMe reduces osteoarthritis symptoms is not known. A very large, though uncontrolled, trial (meaning that there was no comparison with placebo) demonstrated "very good" or "good" clinical effect of SAMe in 71% of over 20,000 osteoarthritis sufferers.61 In addition to this preliminary research, many double-blind trials have shown that SAMe reduces pain, stiffness, and swelling better than placebo and equal to drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen in people with osteoarthritis.62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 These double-blind trials all used 1,200 mg of SAMe per day.
Lower amounts of oral SAMe have also produced reductions in the severity of osteoarthritis symptoms in preliminary clinical trials. A two-year, uncontrolled trial showed significant improvement of symptoms after two weeks at 600 mg SAMe daily, followed by 400 mg daily thereafter.70 This amount was also used in a double-blind trial, but participants first received five days of intravenous SAMe.71 A review of the clinical trials on SAMe concluded that its efficacy against osteoarthritis was similar to that of conventional drugs but that patients tolerated it better.72
3 Stars
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Refer to label instructions
Supplemental niacinamide (a form of vitamin B3) has been reported to increase joint mobility, improve muscle strength, and decrease fatigue in people with osteoarthritis.
In the 1940s and 1950s, one doctor reported that supplemental niacinamide (a form of vitamin B3) increased joint mobility, improved muscle strength, and decreased fatigue in people with osteoarthritis.73 , 74 , 75 In the 1990s, a double-blind trial confirmed a reduction in symptoms from niacinamide within 12 weeks of beginning supplementation.76 Although amounts used have varied from trial to trial, many doctors recommend 250 to 500 mg of niacinamide four or more times per day (with the higher amounts reserved for people with more advanced arthritis). The mechanism by which niacinamide reduces symptoms is not known.
2 Stars
Avocado and Soybean Unsaponifiables
Refer to label instructions
An extract of avocado and soybean oils, known as avocado/soybean unsaponifiables, appears to reduce inflammation and help repair damaged cartilage tissue.
An extract of avocado and soybean oils, known as avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU), was found in a double-blind trial to reduce joint pain and improve overall functioning in people with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. The amount used was 300 mg per day for six months.77 In a three-month double-blind trial, 71% of people taking ASU, but only 36% of those taking a placebo, were able to decrease their pain medicine or anti-inflammatory medicine by more than 50%.78 In a longer-term double-blind trial (two years), ASU treatment did not improve symptoms when compared with a placebo, and did not slow the progression of osteoarthritis (as determined by the amount of joint cartilage lost). However, in the subgroup of patients with the most severe disease, ASU treatment did significantly decrease the loss of joint cartilage.79 ASU is believed to work by reducing inflammation and by aiding in the repair of damaged cartilage tissue. ASU is approved as a prescription drug in France and is available over the counter in some other countries.
2 Stars
Cartilage and Collagen
Refer to label instructions
Taking collagen hydrolysate may help relieve pain associated with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee.
In a double-blind study, collagen hydrolysate was compared with gelatin and egg protein as a treatment for osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee. When subjects took 10 grams per day either of gelatin or collagen hydrolysate for two months, they reported significantly more pain relief than when they took a similar amount of egg protein.80 More research is needed to confirm the benefits of gelatin or collagen hydrolysate in osteoarthritis.
2 Stars
Cetyl Myristoleate
540 mg per day by mouth for 30 days
Cetyl myristoleate appears to be effective as a joint "lubricant" and anti-inflammatory agent.
Cetyl myristoleate (CMO) has been proposed to act as a joint "lubricant" and anti-inflammatory agent. In a double-blind trial, people with various types of arthritis who had failed to respond to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) received CMO (540 mg per day orally for 30 days), while others received a placebo.81 These people also applied CMO or placebo topically, according to their perceived need. A statistically significant 63.5% of those using CMO improved, compared with only 14.5% of those using placebo.
2 Stars
Devil's Claw
2,610 mg daily (containing 57 mg harpagoside, 87 mg total iridoid glycosides daily)
Devil's claw extract was found in one trial to reduce pain associated with osteoarthritis as effectively as the slow-acting analgesic/ cartilage-protective drug diacerhein.
Devil's claw extract was found in one clinical trial to reduce pain associated with osteoarthritis as effectively as the slow-acting analgesic/cartilage-protective drug diacerhein.82 The amount of devil's claw used in the trial was 2,610 mg per day. The results of this trial are somewhat suspect, however, as both devil's claw and diacerhein are slow-acting and there was no placebo group included for comparison.
2 Stars
Digestive Enzymes
90 mg of bromelain and 48 mg of trypsin, with 100 mg of rutosid, taken in enteric-coated pills three times per day
In one study, people with painful osteoarthritis of the knee who received an oral enzyme-flavonoid preparation saw more improvement in pain and joint function than those who took a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID).
In a double-blind study, a group of people with painful osteoarthritis of the knee received an oral enzyme -flavonoid preparation or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) for six weeks. While both treatments relieved pain and improved joint function, the enzyme-flavonoid product appeared to be slightly more effective than the NSAID. No serious side effects were seen.83 The enzyme-flavonoid product used in this study was Phlogenzym (Mucos Pharma, Geretsried, Germany). Each enteric-coated tablet contained 90 mg of bromelain, 48 mg of trypsin, and 100 mg of rutosid (a derivative of the flavonoid rutin); one tablet was given three times a day.
2 Stars
Apply a gel containing 25% DMSO under the direction of a qualified healthcare practitioner
Topical DMSO appears to be anti-inflammatory and able to relieve pain associated with osteoarthritis, possibly by inhibiting the transmission of pain messages by nerves.
The therapeutic use of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) is controversial because of safety concerns, but some preliminary research shows that diluted preparations of DMSO, applied directly to the skin, are anti-inflammatory and alleviate pain , including pain associated with osteoarthritis.84 , 85 A recent double-blind trial found that a 25% concentration of DMSO in gel form relieved osteoarthritis pain significantly better than a placebo after three weeks.86 DMSO appears to reduce pain by inhibiting the transmission of pain messages by nerves87 rather than through a process of healing damaged joints. DMSO comes in different strengths and different degrees of purity; in addition, certain precautions must be taken when applying DMSO. For these reasons, DMSO should be used only with the supervision of a doctor.
2 Stars
Green-Lipped Mussel
1,050 to 2,100 mg daily of freeze-dried powder or 210 mg daily of lipid extract
New Zealand green-lipped mussel supplements have been shown in various studies to reduce joint tenderness and stiffness and improve pain, including knee pain in people with osteoarthritis.
The effects of New Zealand green-lipped mussel supplements have been studied in people with osteoarthritis. In a preliminary trial, either a lipid extract (210 mg per day) or a freeze-dried powder (1,150 mg per day) of green-lipped mussel reduced joint tenderness and morning stiffness, as well as improving overall function in most participants.88 In a double-blind trial, 45% of people with osteoarthritis who took a green-lipped mussel extract (350 mg three times per day for three months) reportedly had improvements in pain and stiffness.89 Another double-blind trial reported excellent results from green-lipped mussel extract (2,100 mg per day for six months) for pain associated with arthritis of the knee.90 Side effects, such as stomach upset , gout , skin rashes, and one case of hepatitis have been reported in people taking certain New Zealand green-lipped mussel extracts.91
2 Stars
500 mg of a concentrated extract (3.5% guggulsterones) three times per day
In one trial, supplementing with guggul significantly improved symptoms in people with osteoarthritis of the knee.
In a preliminary trial, supplementation with 500 mg of a concentrated extract (3.5% guggulsterones) of Commiphora mukul (guggul) three times per day for one month resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms in people with osteoarthritis of the knee.92 Double-blind trials are needed to rule out the possibility of a placebo effect.
2 Stars
Krill Oil
300 mg per day
In one study, people who took krill oil saw significant reduction in arthritis severity and used less pain-relief medication than those taking placebo.
In a double-blind study, people with high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of systemic inflammation in the body, most of whom also had osteoarthritis, were given 300 mg each morning of krill oil from Antarctic krill (a zooplankton crustacean) or a placebo. After one month those taking krill oil had significantly greater reduction in arthritis severity based on a questionnaire focusing on joint pain, stiffness, and loss of function related to osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. Use of pain-relief medication was also reduced compared to those taking placebo.93
2 Stars
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM)
2.25 to 6.0 grams per day
In one trial, supplementing with methyl-sulfonylmethane significantly reduced pain and improved overall physical functioning in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
According to a small double-blind trial, 2,250 mg per day of oral methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), a variant of DMSO, reduced osteoarthritis pain after six weeks.94 In another double-blind trial, supplementation with 3 grams of MSM twice a day for 12 weeks significantly reduced pain and improved overall physical functioning in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.95
2 Stars
Apply stinging nettle under the direction of a qualified healthcare practitioner
Stinging nettle has historically been used for joint pain and has been shown to be safe and effective for relieving the pain of osteoarthritis.
has historically been used for joint pain. Topical application with the intent of causing stings to relieve joint pain has been assessed in preliminary and double-blind trials. The results found intentional nettle stings to be safe and effective for relieving the pain of osteoarthritis. The only reported adverse effect is a sometimes painful or numbing rash that lasts 6 to 24 hours.
2 Stars
Olive Leaf
Refer to label instructions
In a double-blind trial, people with osteoarthritis of the knee had a significant improvement in their pain after taking olive leaf extract.
Hydroxytyrosol, a phenolic compound present in olive leaf and extra-virgin olive oil, has anti-inflammatory activity. In a double-blind trial, treatment with 50 mg per day of olive leaf extract (providing 10 mg per day of hydroxytyrosol) for 4 weeks significantly improved pain, compared with a placebo, in people with osteoarthritis of the knee.96
2 Stars
100 to 150 mg per day
Double-blind research has shown that Pycnogenol may improve symptoms of osteoarthritis, including reducing pain and the use of pain-relieving medication and improving walking performance.
In a double-blind trial, 100 mg per day of Pycnogenol reduced pain and other osteoarthritis symptoms, improved walking performance, and reduced the use of pain-relieving medication.97 Another double blind trial found that 150 mg per day also improved symptoms and reduced use of pain-relieving medication.98
2 Stars
Rose Hips
5 grams of rose hips powder daily
In a study of people with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip, supplementing with rose hips powder significantly reduced pain, joint stiffness, and overall disease severity.
In a double-blind study of people with OA of the knee or hip, supplementation with 5 grams of rose hips powder per day resulted in a significant reduction in pain after three weeks, compared with a placebo.99 After three months of treatment with rose hips, joint stiffness and overall disease severity were also improved.
2 Stars
Refer to label instructions
In a double-blind trial, supplementation with curcuminoids significantly improved pain and overall functioning in people with osteoarthritis of the knee.
Curcuminoids are a group of compounds (including curcumin) present in turmeric. These compounds are known to have anti-inflammatory actions and to protect joint cartilage from damage. In a double-blind trial, supplementation with 500 mg of curcuminoids 3 times per day significantly improved pain and overall functioning, compared with a placebo, in people with osteoarthritis of the knee.100
2 Stars
Vitamin E
400 to 1,600 IU per day
As an antioxidant, vitamin E appears to help protect joints.
People who have osteoarthritis and eat large amounts of antioxidants in food have been reported to exhibit a much slower rate of joint deterioration, particularly in the knees, compared with people eating foods containing lower amounts of antioxidants.101 Of the individual antioxidants, only vitamin E has been studied as a supplement in controlled trials. Vitamin E supplementation has reduced symptoms of osteoarthritis in both single-blind102 and double-blind research.103 , 104 In these trials, 400 to 1,600 IU of vitamin E per day was used. Clinical effects were obtained within several weeks. However, in a six-month double-blind study of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, 500 IU per day of vitamin E was no more effective than a placebo.105
2 Stars
White Willow
Take an extract supplying 240 mg of salicin per day
Willow has anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. Although pain relief from willow supplementation may be slow in coming, it may last longer than pain relief from aspirin.
Willow has anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. Although pain relief from willow supplementation may be slow in coming, it may last longer than pain relief from aspirin . One double-blind trial found that a product containing willow along with black cohosh , guaiac (Guaiacum officinale, G. sanctum), sarsaparilla , and aspen (Populus spp.) bark effectively reduced osteoarthritis pain compared to placebo.106 Another trial found that 1,360 mg of willow bark extract per day (delivering 240 mg of salicin) was somewhat effective in treating pain associated with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis.107
1 Star
Refer to label instructions
Boron affects calcium metabolism, and people with OA have been reported to have low bone stores of boron. Supplementing with boron may replenish stores and improve symptoms.
Boron affects calcium metabolism, and a link between boron deficiency and arthritis has been suggested.108 Although people with osteoarthritis have been reported to have lower stores of boron in their bones than people without the disease, other minerals also are deficient in the bones of people with osteoarthritis.109 One double-blind trial found that 6 mg of boron per day, taken for two months, relieved symptoms of osteoarthritis in five of ten people, compared with improvement in only one of the ten people assigned to placebo.110This promising finding needs confirmation from larger trials.
1 Star
Bovine Cartilage
Refer to label instructions
Several trials have suggested that supplementing with bovine cartilage, either topically or injected, may relieve symptoms.
Several trials have suggested that people with osteoarthritis may benefit from supplementation with bovine cartilage , which contains a mixture of protein and molecules related to chondroitin sulfate . In one preliminary trial, use of injected and topical bovine cartilage led to symptom relief in most people studied.111 A ten-year study confirmed improvement with long-term use of bovine cartilage.112 Optimal intake of bovine cartilage is not known.
1 Star
Fish Oil
Refer to label instructions
The omega-3 fatty acids present in fish oil, EPA and DHA, have anti-inflammatory effects and may relieve pain.
The omega-3 fatty acids present in fish oil , EPA and DHA , have anti-inflammatory effects and have been studied primarily for rheumatoid arthritis , which involves significant inflammation. However, osteoarthritis also includes some inflammation.113 In a 24-week controlled but preliminary trial studying people with osteoarthritis, people taking EPA had "strikingly lower" pain scores than people who took placebo.114 However, in a double-blind trial by the same research group, supplementation with 10 ml of cod liver oil per day was no more effective than a placebo.115
1 Star
Glucosamine Hydrochloride
Refer to label instructions
Studies have shown glucosamine hydrochloride to be effective at reducing pain and improving symptoms in people with osteoarthritis.
A few trials have evaluated glucosamine hydrochloride (GH), another form of glucosamine sulfate (GS), as a single remedy for osteoarthritis. One trial found only minor benefits from 1,500 mg per day of GH for 8 weeks in people with osteoarthritis of the knee.116 However, these people were also taking up to 4,000 mg per day of acetaminophen for pain relief, and that treatment might have masked a beneficial effect of GH. In another study, supplementing with GH (2,000 mg each morning for 12 weeks) significantly improved symptoms, compared with a placebo, in people with knee pain due to cartilage damage or osteoarthritis.117 In a four-week study from China, GH was as effective as GS in people with osteoarthritis of the knee.118 Another study found that the combination of GH and chondroitin sulfate was more effective than a placebo in people with moderate to severe knee pain from osteoarthritis, but not in those with mild pain.119 Despite the reported beneficial effects of GH, some investigators believe that the sulfate component of GS itself helps relieve osteoarthritis, and that GS would therefore be more effective than GH.120
1 Star
Refer to label instructions
Horsetail has anti-arthritis actions and is rich in silicon, a trace mineral that plays a role in making and maintaining connective tissue.
Horsetail is rich in silicon , a trace mineral that plays a role in making and maintaining connective tissue. Practitioners of traditional herbal medicine believe that the anti-arthritis action of horsetail is due largely to its silicon content. The efficacy of this herb for osteoarthritis has not yet been evaluated in controlled clinical trials.
1 Star
Hyaluronic Acid
Refer to label instructions
Injection of hyaluronic acid compounds into osteoarthritic joints, primarily the knee, has been shown to improve symptoms.
Hyaluronic acid is a normal component of joint fluid, but its amount and molecular structure are altered in osteoarthritic joints.121 Injection of hyaluronic acid compounds into osteoarthritic joints, primarily the knee, has been investigated in many double-blind trials with some improvement demonstrated.122 , 123 , 124 However, no research has been done to determine whether oral supplementation with hyaluronic acid is an effective treatment for osteoarthritis.
1 Star
Refer to label instructions
Meadowsweet has been historically used to treat complaints of the joints and muscles. The herb contains salicylates, chemicals related to aspirin, that may account for its ability to relieve osteoarthritis pain.
Meadowsweet was historically used for a wide variety of conditions, including treating complaints of the joints and muscles.125 The herb contains salicylates, chemicals related to aspirin , that may account for its reputed ability to relieve the pain of osteoarthritis.
1 Star
Refer to label instructions
Supplementing with D-phenylalanine (DPA) has been shown to reduce chronic pain due to osteoarthritis. DPA inhibits the enzyme that breaks down some of the body's natural painkillers.
Supplementation with D-phenylalanine (DPA), a synthetic variation of the amino acid , L-phenylalanine (LPA), has reduced chronic pain due to osteoarthritis in a preliminary trial.126 In that study, participants took 250 mg three to four times per day, with pain relief beginning in four to five weeks. Other preliminary trials have confirmed the effect of DPA in chronic pain control,127 but a double-blind trial found no benefit.128 DPA inhibits the enzyme that breaks down some of the body's natural painkillers, substances called enkephalins, which are similar to endorphins. An increase in the amount of enkephalins may explain the reported pain-relieving effect of DPA. If DPA is not available, a related product, D,L-phenylalanine (DLPA), may be substituted (1,500 to 2,000 mg per day). Phenylalanine should be taken between meals, because protein found in food may compete for uptake of phenylalanine into the brain, potentially reducing its effect.129
1 Star
Tart Cherry
80 mg anthocyanins, the equivalent of approximately 100-120 cherries, 16-24 ounces tart cherry juice blend, 1 ounce of liquid concentrate, or 400 mg of concentrate in tablets or capsules
In a preliminary trial, people with osteoarthritis who took tart cherry extract for three months reported reduced joint tenderness and less joint pain and disability.
Tart cherries contain anthocyanins and other flavonoids that have anti-inflammatory effects according to test tube and animal studies.130 , 131 , 132 In a preliminary human trial, people with osteoarthritis who took 400 mg per day of tart cherry extract (supplying 100 mg per day of anthocyanins) for three months had reduced joint tenderness and reported less joint pain and disability.133 Double-blind research is needed to confirm these promising results.
1 Star
Refer to label instructions
Yucca contains saponins, which appear to block the release of toxins from the intestines that inhibit normal cartilage formation. In doing so, yucca may reduce osteoarthritis symptoms.
According to arthritis research, saponins found in the herb yucca appear to block the release of toxins from the intestines that inhibit normal formation of cartilage. A preliminary, double-blind trial found that yucca might reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis.134 Only limited evidence currently supports the use of yucca for people with osteoarthritis.
Related Information
- Top Supplements for Arthritis
- Cayenne
- Chondroitin Sulfate
- Exercise-a Key to Healthy Aging
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123rd Street Overlook
This decaying structure overlooking the Hudson River just to the west of Grant's Tomb is one of the numerous river overlooks in Riverside Park. This one includes an abandoned comfort station and is unique in having a roof, supported by marble columns and, perhaps, originally intended to shield small social occasions. This is a fairly remote section of the park, away from recreational areas and overlooking overgrown cliffs that descend to the highway and down to the river, thus negating any real need for a comfort station or such an ornate structure. But it seems that there is also no incentive to demolish it, leaving it as an anomalous ruin.