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Wayne Law celebrates donation of Congressman John Conyers' papers
DETROIT – Some of the titans of American civil rights legal history gathered Friday, July 18, at Wayne State University Law School to celebrate the donation of U.S. Rep. John Conyers Jr.'s personal papers.
Before the ceremony began, civil rights icon Judge Damon J. Keith of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and a 1956 Wayne Law master of laws alumnus was greeted with hugs and handshakes from the men and women arriving at the event. A glow of camaraderie suffused the room, and excitement built, as old friends dedicated to a common cause gathered and awaited the arrival of the congressman being honored.
Conyers, D-Mich., a 1958 Wayne Law alumnus who has served in Congress for nearly 50 years, was greeted by applause and the clicks and whirrs of media cameras when he walked, beaming, into the room.
The Detroit lawmaker is donating his personal papers to the archives of the Damon J. Keith Collection of African-American Legal History. The collection is part of Wayne State University's Walter P. Reuther Library.
Savala Nolan, director of the collection, greeted those gathered and told them that the Keith Collection is the nation's first and only collection of African-American legal history.
"This community and this country need the collection," said Nolan, a former law clerk for Keith. "African-American history is legal history."
She thanked Conyers for his donation and for his lifelong passion in serving the people of the community.
Virginia Thomas, interim director of the Reuther Library and director of the Arthur Neef Law Library at Wayne Law, spoke of how proud she was to be at the event among so many champions of social justice and to be able to help preserve some of that legacy through Conyers' papers.
"Congressman Conyers has created quite an extensive legacy of his own," she said.
Wayne Law Dean Jocelyn Benson, a former law clerk for Keith and a civil rights law expert, told Conyers how honored the law school is to be able to house his papers in the collection named after the judge, who is a longtime friend of the congressman's.
"We all stand on the shoulders of those who came before us," Benson said.
She spoke of the law school's dedication to making sure the next generation knows of the struggle and of what was accomplished by Conyers, Keith and other legal giants of the nation's civil rights movement.
Debbie Dingell, chair of the Wayne State University Board of Governors and wife of retiring U.S. Rep. John Dingell, D-Mich., told of how Conyers once worked for her husband when he was a young legislator before Conyers himself ran for office. When John Dingell leaves office this year at the end of his term, Conyers will take his place as the oldest-serving member of Congress, she said.
She spoke of being part of a conversation once between Conyers, Keith, her husband, U.S. District Court Judge Avern Cohn (also present at the Wayne Law event) and others when the men began to reminisce about the 1950s and '60s, and of how awed she was to hear their stories.
"They just fought for what was right," she said. "They were fighting for equality for all."
Conyers' papers, she said, are a vital part of the nation's history, and as part of the Keith Collection, will help educate those who follow for centuries to come.
Wayne State University President M. Roy Wilson spoke of how his children and others in their generation don't truly understand the challenges that Conyers, Keith and others of their era struggled to overcome and make right.
"We have to continue to make sure that people don't forget," Wilson said, noting that the donation of Conyers' papers will help to ensure that the legacy is honored and remembered.
Keith talked about the early days of his practice in Detroit, when Nathan Conyers (also at the event), brother of the congressman and a 1959 Wayne Law alumnus, was his law partner. One day, John Conyers came to their office to tell them he was going to run for Congress and asked them for a donation to his campaign, the judge said. The legal practice was struggling financially but gave the aspiring lawmaker a small donation anyway.
"John, the dividend has paid off beautifully," Keith told Conyers. "These papers you are leaving are very important for the children to know the struggle that we have had to endure."
The judge quoted Martin Luther King Jr.: "Cowardice asks the question – is it safe? Expediency asks the question – is it politic? Vanity asks the question – is it popular? But conscience asks the question – is it right?"
Keith said Conyers, who fought for years to have Martin Luther King Day recognized federally, reminds him of that quotation.
"You have lived your time in Washington … in a way that makes all of us proud of you – because it's right," Keith told the lawmaker.
Conyers came to the podium, expressed his gratitude and spoke of going through his papers for the donation and of some of the social justice bills he had introduced and advocated for over the decades.
"I am the product of so many of you in this room," the congressman said. "I am so privileged and proud to stand here today, to continue the great work that needs to be spread among those young folks coming behind us. This is the struggle for making democracy work."
U.S. Rep. John Conyers Jr., D-Mich., left, and U.S. Court of Appeals Judge Damon J. Keith make their way to the dedication ceremony Friday, July 18. The ceremony honored the donation of Conyers' personal papers to the Damon J. Keith Collection of African-American Legal History at Wayne State University. For more photos, visit law.wayne.edu/conyerspapers.
U.S. Rep. John Conyers Jr., D-Mich., speaks at the dedication ceremony.
Wayne State University President M. Roy Wilson, right, greets U.S. Court of Appeals Judge Damon J. Keith at the event.


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[Article]-Prison Break - Breaking, Entering and Decoding
Permanent link: [Article]-Prison Break - Breaking, Entering and Decoding
Hello! Ed Skoudis here... with a new challenge written by my friend, Raul Siles. You may remember Raul as the victor in such challenges as Lord of the Ring Zero and When Trinity Hacked the IRS D-Base. Raul has whipped up a doozy of a challenge here, all based on the TV show Prison Break. In this challenge, you'll work to thwart the sinister plans of The Company, an ominous, faceless group bent on world domination. To win, you'll have to do some network trouble shooting, plot a clever hack, and perform some file and packet analysis, all skills that are extremely useful for security pros. As always, we'll choose three winners: the best technical one, a creative entry that is also technically correct, and a random draw. Even if you don't know all the answers or can only guess, submit an entry with what you do have, and you'll be entered in that random draw. Winners will receive signed copies of my book, Counter Hack Reloaded. All entries are due by August 31, 2009. Have fun with Raul's challenge!--Ed Skoudis
EthicalHacker.net Challenge Master
Author of Counter Hack Reloaded, Co-Founder, InGuardians, SANS Fellow
Good luck and help spread the word,

subset: commoncrawl


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quote:What part of the deer do you make jerky from?
quote:I made jerky from a hind quarter roast yesterday and that shite was TITS. Had to hide it to keep the daughters out of it.
quote:It was posted a few days ago. Keep this bumped tomorrow and I'm sure whoever it was will chime in.
quote:I've been helping my brother process deer. The next deer I see may be the safest animal in the woods!!


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Home » Home
Welcome To...
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Down at the Local with Doug Bruce
Doug Bruce might have Texas in his blood but these days he calls Bendigo home. He's even got his own studio there and used it to lay down his latest offering of rockin' country tunes. Doug met up with Felicty Down at the Local this week to play some of his favourite tracks from Made That Way and have a chat about how it all came together.


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A domino effect that felled contractors to four of the nation's largest airlines led to chaotic scenes in airports across Australia today, with thousands of passengers delayed for hours.
Virgin, Jetstar and Tiger airlines lost their ability to check-in or board thousands of passengers on to their flights for three hours on because they all contract their systems to Navitaire.
Navitaire, operated by US systems giant Accenture in turn contracts to Equinix, a data centre in Sydney. Accenture released a statement at 1pm.
"A power failure occurred in a third party data centre in Sydney which impacted the Navitaire reservation systems," it said.
"We are working closely with all impacted clients to restore services as quickly as possible."
The system fell down at 9.30am and airlines were not prepared to say how long it would take for the delays to be cleared.
Queues of passengers snaked around the terminals as both domestic and international passengers attempted to check in manually.
Fairfax motoring editor Toby Hagon, who was due to fly from Sydney to Melbourne, said dozens of flights had been delayed for check in and boarding.
Navitaire has come under fire before. In 2010, Virgin's check-in system crashed leaving 50,000 passengers delayed or stranded after Navitaire's parallel "disaster recovery system" failed.
Virgin Australia spokeswoman Melissa Thomson said the airline would move to a new IT system next year and would no longer be using Navitaire.
Ms Thomson said its systems were now back and working and it was attempting to minimise delays and clear the backlog of passengers. She encouraged passengers to check the Virgin website for updated information.
Lorraine McGhie flew overnight from Singapore and was en route in Melbourne on her way to Launceston for her parents 60th wedding anniversary.
"The information has been very patchy," Ms McGhie said.
She said Jetstar staff were mingling around telling passengers what was happening but if passengers were warned not to crowd staff.
"We were repeatedly told to move away but then you don't get any information," Ms McGhie said.
She said she regretted flying Jetstar: "I am only here for a little time and I don't want to spend it in the airport. I rarely do (fly Jetstar) but I chose to this time and I won't be again."
Ali Davidson was going to the Gold Coast for a holiday. She was stoic about her predicament.
"We will get there, there is no use getting cross, I just feel sorry for the people with children," Ms Davidson said.
She also complained about the lack of information about which queue they should join.
"People stand at the end of a queue and then go nowhere," she said.
Richard Murray at Melbourne Airport said he was waiting to board his holiday flight to Maroochydore with his four children. "It is not a great start to the holiday," Mr Murray said.
"Of course we blame Jetstar but really it is the ticketing system they are using.
"It doesn't say a lot for them. Qantas is still going. It has happened before and it shows how fragile Accenture's system is," he said.
Hagon thought he had beaten the check-in queue by using his phone to check in with a QR code earlier today, but a failed printer at the boarding gate left him and other passengers unable to board and waiting for the problem to be resolved at noon.
Jetstar staff were handing out $8 refreshment vouchers to affected passengers.
Jetstar spokesman Stephen Moynihan said the system was beginning to come back at 11.45am and Jetstar was attempting to clear a backlog of passengers.
"We have added additional resources to get our customers to their destinations as quickly as possible," Mr Moynihan said.
"There are knock on delays of between one to three hours as we move passengers on to their flights," he said.
Ground staff were forced to process passengers manually during the failure, he said.
Tiger Airways spokeswoman Vanessa Regan said Tiger had fewer flights on Saturdays but confirmed the problem was with the system provider.Tiger passenger Warren Viti said his flight from Melbourne to Sydney was delayed for 20 minutes after they switched to manual check-in."They re-issued new boarding passes manually and asked the weight of our checked luggage," he said.
Graeme Hogan of Tyrrell's Wines said Virgin was manually checking passengers in at Melbourne Airport "one at a time" and that the 10am flight to Sydney was still boarding at 11.10am.
Qantas said it was not affected by the system failure.


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Physical Plant Building, UTSA 1604 Campus
(Photo by Mark McClendon)
Physical plant renovation wins construction award
By James M. Benavides
Public Affairs Specialist
(Oct. 23, 2008)--Alpha Building Corp. has earned an "Excellence in Construction" award from the Associated Builders and Contractors, South Texas Chapter, for their work on the UTSA Physical Plant Building renovation. The award selection panel named the UTSA physical plant renovation as the top project in the "Under $4 Million" category.
Today's headlines
- La Prensa Foundation is newest member of UTSA Lone Star Society
- UTSA alumna Jordan Kaufmann wins $50K for new stent-graft start-up
- UTSA begins new way-finding sign installation this summer at Main Campus
- USA Today: UTSA long jumper Tyler Williamson rescues three-year-old boy
Article tools
Alpha Building Corp. and UTSA were recognized at an Oct. 16 banquet at the Omni hotel.
"We are honored that a UTSA project was selected for this award," said Dave Riker, UTSA associate vice president for facilities. "Congratulations to Alpha Building Corp. and the UTSA team who were responsible for its success. Alpha has completed numerous quality projects for UTSA including the Physical Plant Building renovation, the build-out of the Starbucks on campus, laboratory renovations and completion of a significant new roadway and parking lot."
The Physical Plant Building encompasses approximately 20,000 square feet on two floors. Outdated mechanical systems were replaced and windows added to make the building usable for modern office space. The building interior was reconfigured to serve the needs of three departments: the UTSA Police Department, the Office of Information Technology including Telephone Services, and Parking and Transportation Services.
The new police department facility includes a state-of-the-art communications center and emergency operations center, along with new landscaping, irrigation and a pedestrian-friendly lounge at the front of the building.


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Is the regularity shown in this encoded message noise or structure?
In 'Secret Transmissions', Agent X could send four-digit codes error free. Can you devise an error-correcting system for codes with more than four digits?
First cipher
We have created a set of seven very difficult linked ciphers to crack. We recommend that you try them in turn: each gives a small clue on how to solve the next cipher. Note that you may have to spend several days mulling over some of these codes and you will need to make use of spreadsheets, Word or other similar tools to make any headway!
As you try to decode these secret messages, remember that code-breaking is a mixture of a systematic application of mathematics, logic, intuiton and guesswork.
First challenge cipher
Second challenge cipher
Third challenge cipher
Fourth challenge cipher
Fifth challenge cipher
Sixth challenge cipher
Seventh challenge cipher
Imagine that you will frequently be attempting to decode encrypted messages coded using the methods employed in the seven challenge ciphers.
Create a flow chart showing how you might go about trying to crack such messages, assuming that you do not know at the outset which method of encoding is used for a given message. Of course, your flow chart will not guarantee the cracking of a code, but ideally will indicate a good way to go about trying to crack the codes.
As you create your flow chart you will see that decisions will need to be made based on probability, liklihood, complexity and speed of computation. You will need to think how best to include these decisions in your flow chart. This can be approached from various levels of complexity; try to solve using as much mathematics as you can bring to the problem.


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Discodeine (featuring Jarvis Cocker) - Synchronize (new video!)
What was one of our most oft repeated tracks of the past year? Well, that honor goes to Discodeine's Synchronize, although the other work, Singular, from the French production partners, Pentile and Pilooski, sat hgh atop those rankings as well. But it's the former we're spinning yarn about today, because the brand new video for the debut single has just been unleashed and the d-i-r-t-y labelmates put together quite the h-o-t clip.
Featuring the inimitable vocals, and presence, of Britpop legend, Jarvis Cocker, the trio of dudes churn out some visuals that will have you melting in your seat.
No more words... just watch this fire now.
Discodeine's Synchronize EP is out now. Buy it here.
mp3: Discodeine (ft Jarvis Cocker) - Synchronize (Jam Factory Remix)


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You are here: Home > Services > Recycling and Waste Services
Council provides a weekly recycling and waste collection service for local residents. For a one-off fee, businesses can also receive this collection service.
Council also provides a green waste and hard waste collection service. Residents can book to receive these services.
Council's waste services area also maintains more than 600 street and park bins across Yarra, and routinely cleans all local streets and major shopping strips.
People are encouraged to think sustainably and recycle as much as they can, to help reduce the amount of waste going to landfill.
In November 2014, Council adopted its Waste and Resource Recovery Strategy to guide its waste and recycling services and waste education programs over the next four years.
The strategy is based on the vision that avoiding and reducing waste will make Yarra more sustainable and increase the availability of resources for current and future citizens.
Council has a Customer Service Guarantee which includes 64 targets that specify the level of service you should expect from Council. Read more about our commitments for Waste Services in the Customer Service Guarantee.
Further informationCouncil9205 email@example.com
Page Last Updated:
May 24, 2017
© Yarra City Council
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Disclaimer : this is provided as a service to the community, and does not purport to be legal advice. Interpreting services are available


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Connecting the bottom billion: Introduction to the toolkit on strategies and policies to promote and implement community access
2. Why is pro-poor ICT access important?
3. Information technologies and tools for poverty alleviation
4. Understanding the barriers to pro-poor ICT access
5. The road ahead
Global experience of poor people using basic communication tools such as mobile phones suggests that information and communication technologies (ICTs) have vast empowering and development potential with huge impact on their quality of life. Use of mobile phones by the poor has increased their security, created more jobs, provided access to information and enhanced the flow of financial resources, thereby advancing social wellbeing and economic development.[1]The knowledge and networking capabilities of interactive and convergent technologies such as the internet present further opportunities for economic growth and social development by increasing access to education and health services and enhancing decision-making powers of the poor.
However, the poor in developing countries are still excluded from many ICT opportunities. Recent International Telecommunication Union (ITU) data show that about 94% of the African population does not have access to fixed telephones, computers and the internet.[2] Gaps also exist in terms of relevant content and ICT applications for social and economic development.
This introduction discusses the importance of pro-poor ICT access, the different tools and technologies available, and the major barriers the poor in developing countries face to bridge the access gap. The modules in this toolkit will look at experiences and lessons in pro-poor ICT access provision in terms of:
- Policy and regulatory issues
- The implementation of projects at the community level
- Advocacy strategies and approaches.
What is pro-poor access to ICTs?
Pro-poor ICT access refers to access to and use of ICTs to resolve concrete problems of everyday life[3] by the poor and the groups working for them. Pro-poor ICT access assumes that:
- ICT tools and services should be affordable and accessible to the poor and to those working with or for them at reasonable prices.
- ICTs should be used meaningfully to address the challenges of poverty and secure broader development benefits.
- Relevant content that addresses the needs of the poor should be available to facilitate their use to resolve day-to-day challenges.
Pro-poor ICT access recognises that the availability and affordability of ICT tools alone cannot close the access gaps. It is essential to tailor ICT tools and services to the needs of the poor and build their capacities so that more people can use them, regardless of their economic status, sex, social class, language, ethnic group or other factors. Experience in Africa shows that the availability of cheaper mobile handsets such as Nokia 1100 coupled with short message service (SMS) and mobile banking were the major drivers of cellular network usage by the low-income population.[4] The use of the internet requires that people not only get access to it but also know how and when to use tools such as email, search engines and web portals for different purposes.
A careful examination of the terms "poor", "ICT" and "access" provides a better understanding of the significance of pro-poor ICT access.
Looking beyond income poverty: Poverty refers to the deprivation of economic, social and political wellbeing by a large majority of the world population. Amartya Sen, the Nobel laureate, argues that in individual freedom lies the capacity for political participation, economic development and social progress.[5] Thus poverty is not only lack of adequate income (income poverty) but also the absence of the freedom and the ability to function at one's full potential as a human being ("capability" poverty). Poverty could also be seen as the absence of wellbeing and happiness (wellbeing poverty), which to a great extent depends upon limited income and political freedom.[6]
The notion of income below USD 1 per day as a measure of poverty was also popularised by international financial institutions (IFIs) such as the World Bank. But assessing poverty levels involves complex calculations that measure access to health and education, and factors such as the rate of employment, child and maternal mortality rates and life expectancy are also often used to define the incidence of poverty. For example, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) provides a striking list of over 200 indicators for building its annual Human Development Index that ranks countries according to levels of poverty.[7] The index illustrates the complexity and the multidimensional nature of poverty. It also highlights the importance of putting the cause, extent and alleviation of poverty at the centre of the access debate, not the ICTs themselves.
ICTs in the pro-poor context: The term ICT refers to a wide range of tools, applications and services that help to produce, store, process, distribute and exchange information. It refers to both the "old" ICTs like radio, television and telephone, and the "new" ICTs such as networked computers, satellite and wireless technologies and the internet. Pro-poor ICT access is concerned with the ability of the poor to get access to a wide spectrum of ICT tools, applications and services.
Access: The main objective of universal access is to reduce the divides that arise from geography (rural/urban), gender, physical disability, socioeconomic issues (income, race, caste and class) and skills (education). The notion of access covers the ability of, for instance, the urban poor, women, children and those with physical disabilities to enjoy similar benefits to those less marginalised.
In sum, while providing access to ICTs is critical, physical access alone cannot bridge the pro-poor ICT access gaps. ICTs will be insufficient if the technologies are not used effectively because they not affordable; if poor people do not understand how to put them to use or if they are discouraged from using them due to policy and regulatory constraints; or if the local economy cannot sustain their use.
2.Why is pro-poor ICT access important?
Access to ICTs by the poor has become a key focus of policy makers and leaders of development institutions in recent years. This recognition is due to the significant potential impact of new technologies on economic growth and social development.
The main social and economic benefits of ICTs arise from their impact on governance. Enhanced government efficiency in service provision is directly relevant to the poor. ICT use in business, government and entertainment as well as by non-governmental organisations already has an influence on almost everyone's lives. ICTs could play a key role in:
- Increasing access to government information and entitlements
- Enabling the engagement and interaction of the public with government officials
- Increasing the transparency of the government's operations to make it more accountable and reduce corruption.
Labour time, land and energy are often the only "productive" assets of the poor. Thus tools that save their time have a significant economic potential. Mobile phones and the internet have shown that they can reduce valuable travel time for poor people. ICTs have also shown potential to reduce traditional dependence on intermediaries and exploitative market structures. For instance, rural farmers can check for prices of the grain they produce on global markets; women artisans can sell handicrafts directly to the consumers through the internet. Pro-poor ICT access can promote opportunities for livelihoods by increasing agricultural productivity and improving market access. The value of ICTs for poverty reduction comes also from their potential for generating income. E-commerce initiatives that link small and medium enterprises directly to global markets through the internet have the potential for increasing income and economic development.
The other impact of ICT has been in the flow of financial resources from the "wealthy" to the "poor". Access to ICTs has cut the transaction cost and time of the flow of remittances; mobile banking has made the easy and low-cost transfer of credit and finances possible. A study by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in 2006 indicates that worldwide remittances now exceed development aid. Over 150 million migrant workers sent more than USD 300 billion home in 2006 compared with USD 104 billion in aid from donor nations and direct foreign investment of USD 167 billion.[8] IFAD says: "New technologies, such as prepaid cards and the use of mobile phones, provide cheaper alternatives for transferring money, as well as lower account-to-account transaction costs."[9]
Globally, there has also been recognition for tapping into ICTs to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs aim to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality and empower women; reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; and develop a global partnership for development.[10] ICTs are regarded as key instruments for enabling these goals. Target 5 of MDG 8 emphasises the need for public and private partnerships for expanding access to ICTs.
ICTs play a major role in teaching and learning, especially in delivery of course materials, facilitating research communications, and improving management and administration of schools and universities. Innovations in online learning and virtual laboratories have already empowered individuals and institutions to continue education without the barriers of distance and time. Opportunities in the health sector include health education and information dissemination. ICTs can bring communities and health facilities closer to each other through regular and systematic information exchange, and offer simple solutions for collecting and analysing information about disease to help make health interventions effective and relevant. ICTs have also been applied to promote better access to AIDS advice, counselling and test results without fear of being stigmatised.
3. Information technologies and tools for poverty alleviation
A wide range of ICT tools and technologies are available for the poor in their fight against poverty. These include low-cost and low-power computers, mobile and fixed wireless networks, fixed-line and fibre connections, internet and web services, traditional media like radio and television, and a host of content development tools and applications. These technologies have been undergoing significant changes that support their application by the poor.
The major trends in technologies and tools that favour poverty alleviation include:
- The convergence of broadcasting, computing and communications that has led to the plummeting costs and greater availability of a wide range of services
- New forms of wireless protocols (Wi-Fi, WiMAX, etc.) that have overcome the challenges of terrain, infrastructure and high cost
- Low-cost handsets and pro-poor mobile applications
- The ubiquity of low-cost, low-power-consuming devices
- The proliferation of sustainable community networks
- The promises of development around Web 2.0.
Convergence: The convergence of broadcasting, computing and communications has been the key driver for the plummeting costs and greater availability of a wide range of services to the poor. Convergence is driving traditional telecommunication operators and broadcasters to move into each other's markets by offering a bundle of voice, data and image services. Cable companies are buying into broadcast services; mobile companies are acquiring internet service providers; equipment companies such as Apple are venturing into content and mobile phones; and content companies like Google are looking at satellite services for developing countries. The net benefits are positive to the poor due to better choice, higher quality and lower costs.
One of the main benefits of convergence has been the availability of cheap telephony over the internet. Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) telephony has driven the cost of communication down and disrupted the traditional regulation and business models of the traditional incumbents. The advent of digital television and radio is yet another potential benefit of convergence that brings benefits such as clearer sound and pictures, the possibility of receiving more channels, and flexibility for interaction and storing the broadcast for later use. The transition from analogue to digital is also expected to contribute to the "digital dividend", or the availability of spectrum that was used in the analogue world for delivering digital services to the population.
Convergence is also pushing investment in broadband infrastructure. In Africa, for example, a number of national backbone projects have been proposed by countries such as Burkina Faso, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, along with submarine cable projects including the East African Submarine Cable System (EASSy) and SEACOM. The availability of cheap broadband access will contribute to meeting the communications needs of the poor.
Wireless technologies: The expansion of wireless technologies is another major trend that has brought opportunities for connectivity in rural and underserved areas. New broadband wireless standards like Wi-Fi[11] and WiMAX[12] are overcoming challenges of terrain, infrastructure and cost and are being deployed in underserved areas. Wi-Fi and WiMAX supply a large share of growing markets and public service use of the internet in communities, schools, health facilities, etc.
Low cost, mass production and ease of integration with computers have made Wi-Fi one of the most-used wireless solutions for connection to the internet.[13] WiMAX is following suit and increasingly becoming the choice for backhaul connection and interconnecting users in large cities across geographic distances of up to 50 kilometres. Moreover, wireless technologies are:
- Adding online/offline functionality that allows users to work anywhere, any time, and without disruption, even when network connections are interrupted.
- Providing intelligent roaming capabilities when moving from hotspot to hotspot, which means users do not waste time reconnecting or lose critical data because of dropped connections.
- Enabling the flexibility to access data and applications on various computing devices, whether they are laptops, desktops, handhelds or servers.
- Provoking regulatory changes, especially in the management of spectrum.[14]
Mobile applications: Significant progress has also been made in the mobile sector in recent years in terms of network coverage, price of the handset, functionality and applications for social and economic development. The number of mobile subscribers has passed the 50% mark and was expected to reach over 61% of the world's population by the end of 2008.[15] The mobile phone is slowly improving its storage capacity and battery life. It is facilitating internet access and taking over its competitors as a prime media device for downloading, storing and playing all kinds of media. The use of mobile phones for payments and transfer of resources is fuelling social and economic development, adding to the security of poor people.
Progress in the rolling out of third generation (3G)[16] mobile networks has also been impressive in recent years. The total number of 3G subscribers using WCDMA and CDMA2000 grew by 45% in 2007 over the previous year to cross the 600–million mark, according to the ITU. While the use of 3G may not have a direct impact on the poor due to the high costs involved, innovations around broadband mobile access will likely have a significant impact for those working with poor people.
Low-cost, low-power computing: Innovations around low-cost and low-power computing have been progressing over the last five years, in particular in schools and in connecting "the next billion". The One Laptop per Child[17] programme and Intel classmate PC[18] are among recent initiatives that have fuelled interest and innovation around low-cost and low-power solutions.
Handheld computers ranging from small pocket computers to notebooks are now being offered for prices lower than USD 400. The ASUS Eee is one the most ultra-portable popular handheld computers in this price range. Many applications are being deployed to improve the lives of people living in remote areas by allowing them access to global information. For example, farmers may use handheld computers to access information on food prices and new agricultural techniques. Another example is the use of portable computers by healthcare workers to organise information on individuals in poor areas and transmit symptoms of diseases to a specialised doctor.
Sustainable community development networks: Great hope has been invested in community centres that provide communications (telephone, fax), internet and other auxiliary secretarial-related services as a way of enabling the poor to benefit from ICTs. Commonly known as "telecentres", they have often failed to achieve this goal. This is frequently because attention was paid only to the hardware, and not to content or to the social context – a typical mistake in development interventions.
Recent adoption of wireless technologies, lessons from failures of community centres and experience of micro-financing have shown that community-based entrepreneurship models can sustain communication networks in underserved areas. Community-run networks that provide voice telephony, community radio, data networking and internet using wireless technologies have proved to be catalytic for employment, self-reliance and improved access to low cost communication. These networks not only enhance entrepreneurship and foster access to information and communication, but also help to retain the income and profit within communities.[19]
Web 2.0: Web 2.0 is a transition from an information resource web (Web 1.0) to a participatory web that allows users to control the web to get things done and form social networks. Web 2.0 websites allow users to do more than put information on the web or just retrieve information. Users can build on the interactive pages, run software applications entirely through a browser, or own the data and exercise control over that data.
The proliferation of user-generated content over the internet such as blogs, video sharing, social networking and podcasting has created a more socially connected web in which people can contribute as much as they can consume. Although the tools of Web 2.0 are developed and used by active users, there are significant opportunities for adapting Web 2.0 tools to collect, organise and share indigenous knowledge. This is important for sustainable development and economic growth.
These examples make it evident that new ICTs provide a multitude of choices for the poor if they are used effectively. However, many of the opportunities have not been tapped into due to a host of barriers, such as lack of awareness of the potential by policy makers, absence of the necessary regulatory frameworks, low levels of infrastructure and skills, and financial constraints.
4. Understanding the barriers to pro-poor ICT access
Pro-poor ICT access in developing countries faces a number of constraints. The absence and high cost of basic infrastructure such as roads, electricity and communication as well as illiteracy and social factors such as gender and ethnic disparity still remain the key barriers.
Infrastructure challenges: Access to basic communications networks is still a challenge to the majority of the poor, especially in countries with large rural communities. The combination of geographic distance, difficult terrain, lower population densities and economic hardships leaves little commercial incentive for undertaking the huge investments that are required to extend telecommunications infrastructure in rural areas. Progress in achieving universal access to ICTs has been slow in almost all developing countries either due to absence of strategies or inefficiency in disbursement of universal access funds.
Electric power: To implement ICT solutions in disadvantaged rural communities it is essential that the electric power to operate equipment is made available. Lack of electric power and its unreliability, when available, are major challenges to developing nations. Lack of cheap electricity in rural areas is one of the major contributors to the high cost of communication. Solutions including solar photo-voltaics (PV), small wind-electric turbines, micro-hydro systems and clockwork induction motors were proposed to address the rural power generation and usage gaps, but these were unable to scale up and integrate into rural development plans.
Cost of hardware and software: The high cost of hardware, software and connectivity is another barrier to pro-poor ICT access. High cost can result in a significant proportion of poor people's overall incomes being extracted and diverted from meeting basic needs such as paying for school fees. The popularity of Nokia 1200 (an under-USD 30 mobile handset) and less than USD 1 of air time shows that connecting the next billion requires a considerable cost-cutting in ICT tools and services.
Social and cultural challenges: ICTs can service specific development goals, but this requires both knowledge of appropriate technologies and appreciation of how these technologies can be deployed to address concrete development problems. The problem of illiteracy in developing countries is a main concern, especially as ICTs are very much text-based in nature. Illiteracy also goes hand in hand with poverty, and limited education can be a key barrier that prevents disadvantaged segments of the population from accessing ICTs, ultimately exacerbating information and poverty gaps. Innovations that use intermediaries and provide technological solutions such as text-to-speech and touch screens are important to promote access to the illiterate. Other related social factors include unfamiliarity with the dominant languages of the internet, absence of training in computer skills, and the fact that the information delivered by ICTs is not that valuable to them.
Gender and other barriers: Although the gap is narrowing, there is also a significant polarisation of access to ICTs along the contours of gender and physical disability. This was exacerbated by a lack of initiatives to correct the imbalances between men and women and those with and without physical disabilities at policy and programme implementation levels.
Policy and regulatory frameworks: Policy and regulatory provisions in many countries are still far behind the potential of ICTs discussed above. Government regulations often fail to recognise the possibilities offered by ICTs. A substantial number of developing countries still control access and protect incumbent operators. In other countries there is a tendency for a few operators to collude on prices and services, thus creating barriers to competition.
While sector reform in some countries has increased access to basic communication, especially mobile phones, the underlying policy goals of delivering affordable access to the population have not been realised in most countries. The rush towards privatisation of inefficient incumbents has not yielded the expected results due to a lack of other reform elements, such as competition and effective regulation. Similarly, the enthusiasm for development of national ICT policies and e-strategies aimed at overcoming the digital divide did not produce the expected digital opportunities, due to an overemphasis on blueprints with less attention to institutional capabilities, resources, markets and governance and policy coordination issues at national levels. The focus of e-strategies on lists of activities at the national level has also been one of the major obstacles for investment in core aspects such as capacity building, infrastructure and innovations at the community level.
There has also been a significant divergence between sector reform agendas and efforts to develop national ICT policies in recent years. Sector reform efforts failed to recognise the implication of integrated ICT policies, while national ICT strategies fell short of capitalising on ICT sector reform efforts for creating competitive environments for affordable access. The deviation between the two routes and failure to integrate policy objectives for affordable access with that of application and content was one of the major shortcomings of policy processes over the last decade.
Policy and managerial capacity: There is a significant lack of policy and managerial capabilities in developing countries that has often resulted in inadequately planned and executed ICT projects. On one hand, there is a lack of demonstrated benefits from ICTs in addressing ground-level development challenges. On the other hand, there has been a significant focus on pilot projects that were unable to scale up and make a significant long-lasting impact. This has been exacerbated by the lack of participation by poor and pro-poor groups in public policy and decision-making processes. A focus on ICT-based solutions by technology experts means that information and knowledge that arise in poor communities are often ignored.
The absence of adequate financing is another challenge to pro-poor ICT access. Donor funding has been the main source of financing for ICT initiatives in most countries, but a few donor-funded projects have proven to be self-sustaining once external assistance (financial and material) has run out.
5. The road ahead
The ICT opportunities and trends discussed above and the challenges of poverty necessitate creative approaches to pro-poor ICT access that are grounded in community participation, appropriate choice of technological tools and relevant content. A number of barriers still stand against widening the potential of ICTs for poverty alleviation, including unfavourable policy and regulatory environments, absence of adequate applications and tools, and lack of financial resources.
Government policies and regulation are perhaps the most constraining barrier of all. It is difficult to mobilise resources and forge public and private partnership without enabling government policies, laws and regulations. Policies also affect ICT infrastructure provision (including in the last mile) and investment in applications, services and content. One major area where policy and regulation have considerable implication is spectrum management for the deployment of broadband wireless networks in rural areas. Another area pertains to the rules regulating micro-payments and mobile banking.
Pro-poor ICT access requires concerted efforts in addressing these policy challenges through capacity building and advocacy at all levels. A community-driven approach supported by an enabling policy environment will have potential for mobilising resources, promoting public and private partnerships, and utilising complementary tools and technologies to bridge the access gaps of the poor.
Gómez, Ricardo and Juliana Martínez Internet... Why, and What For? San José: IDRC/Acceso, 2001 www.acceso.or.cr
Howard, Ian Unbounded possibilities: Observations on sustaining rural ICTs in Africa Montevideo: APC, 2008 www.apc.org/en/system/files/SustainingRuralICTs_0.pdf
International Telecommunication Union African Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2008: At a crossroads Geneva: ITU, 2008
Mukhopadhyay, Swapna "ICT and Poverty in East Africa: A Conceptual Framework" Paper presented at the Workshop on ICT and Poverty Reduction, Nairobi, Kenya, 17-19 January 2006
Sen, Amartya Development as Freedom Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999
Smyth, Gerard "Wireless Technologies Bridging the Digital Divide in Education" International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning 1, 1 (2006) www.mlearn.org.za/CD/papers/Smyth.pdf
United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2007/2008 New York: UNDP, 2007 hdr.undp.org
World Bank The Role of Mobile Phones in Sustainable Poverty Reduction Washington: World Bank, 2008 siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/Resources/The_Role_of_Mobile_Phones_in_Sustainable_Rural_Poverty_Reduction_June_2008.pdf
[1]World Bank The Role of Mobile Phones in Sustainable Poverty Reduction (Washington: World Bank, 2008) siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/Resources/The_Role_of_Mobile_Phones_in_Sustainable_Rural_Poverty_Reduction_June_2008.pdf
[2] International Telecommunication Union African Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2008: At a crossroads (Geneva: ITU, 2008)
[3] Ricardo Gómez and Juliana Martínez Internet... Why, and What For? (San José: IDRC/Acceso, 2001) www.acceso.or.cr
[4]Ken Banks "Mobile Phones and the Digital Divide" PC World 29 July 2008 www.pcworld.com/article/149075/mobile_phones_and_the_digital_divide.html
[5]Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999)
[6]Swapna Mukhopadhyay "ICT and Poverty in East Africa: A Conceptual Framework" (paper presented at the Workshop on ICT and Poverty Reduction, Nairobi, Kenya, 17-19 January 2006)
[7]United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2007/2008 (New York: UNDP, 2007) hdr.undp.org
[8]BBC News "Remittance cash 'tops world aid'" BBC News 18 October 2007 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7047304.stm
[9]IFAD website: www.ifad.org/events/remittances/maps/remittance.htm
[10]United Nations Millennium Development Goals: www.un.org/millenniumgoals
[11]Wi-Fi is a two-way high-speed radio communication network to connect to the internet without cables and wires. Wi-Fi is a popular term for wireless local area network, also known as IEEE 802.12, which is intended to link computers spanning a distance of about 100 metres.
[12]WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16, which is intended for wireless networks spanning relatively long distances. WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access up to 50 kilometres for fixed stations, and 5-15 kilometres for mobile stations.
[13]Several large-scale capacity-building initiatives have been implemented in Africa, Latin America and other regions, where proliferation of community wireless networks can improve communities' access to ICT infrastructure, as well as control over a wide range of services enabled by access to the internet (VoIP communication, content production, etc.). Examples of such multi-partner initiatives are the regional training projects Capacity Building for Community Wireless Connectivity in Africa (www.apc.org/wireless) and the TRICALCAR project (www.apc.org/en/projects/lac/wireless-lac-tricalcar).
[14]Gerard Smyth "Wireless Technologies Bridging the Digital Divide in Education" International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning 1, 1 (2006) www.mlearn.org.za/CD/papers/Smyth.pdf
[15]ITU Statistics Newslog, 30 September 2008: www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/newslog/default,date,2008-09-30.aspx
[16]Third generation (3G) mobile technology offers high-speed communication while on the move.
[19]Ian Howard Unbounded possibilities: Observations on sustaining rural ICTs in Africa (Montevideo: APC, 2008) www.apc.org/en/system/files/SustainingRuralICTs_0.pdf
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Delivers risk-aware end-to-end user authentication, single sign-on, and authorization protection, enabling enterprises to secure access from mobile devices and seamlessly integrate social identities with applications.
"Oracle met our timeframe and exceeded our expectations. The fraud management system is easy to manage and has received good feedback from our customers."
"We needed a change of our identity management solution; we had used a homegrown solution for many years. (The Oracle solution) will support all our co-applications in terms of authentication and single sign-on and will help rationalize user provisioning."


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The Future of Hacking
If we were to split hacking into 3 levels, say low, middle and high. Low is requiring the least amount of technical skill and relies more on social engineering and a few simple things like hardware key loggers. Middle level comprises a good skill with tools available and precompiled buffer overflows, etc.. High is someone who can think way outside the box and deepest aspects of TCP/IP and can code accordingly.
My strong feeling is that the middle level as I define it will be the one that will disappear in the future. Buffer overflows will become a thing of the past. Technology is growing strongly towards that direction. Microsofts SP2 was an attempt to stop it with their DEP. It will only get better in time. Exploiting code will slowly become more and more difficult and tools that focus on that will lose more and more of their effectiveness.
So that leaves the low and high and this is were I am willing to bet the future holds. Hackers will either focus on things like social engineering or gaining physical access. Join a cleaning crew and place a hardware key logger. Come back the next night and retrieve it and while not very sophisticated it can be very devastating none the less.
The high end will be those that understand the very core of IP6 and will understand how to manipulate packet flows in ways no one has ever thought about.
Obviously if this scenario is correct, most hackers will focus on the low level and that perhaps is even scarier. Using a combination of hardware and social skills could prove the most difficult to defend against. A security professional I know that was trained by the government was mentioning to me that there exist hardware most people are not aware of. One device he mentioned was a piece of hardware that would strap on your leg and was hidden under your pants. You could then go to an office building and sit in the lobby reading a newspaper. As you sat there, it would sniff out traffic flowing through all the Ethernet cables running through the building. Then you would go back to the lab and download everything. Unless that building was running everything through lead pipes, they were very vulnerable. All I thought was " I want one!"
If we remember, Kevin Mitnick did most of his hacks with social skills and still teaches that. By the way, that doesn't mean that he doesn't have a lot of high level skills these days. I met the instructor who gave Mitnick his CEH test. Many seemed to be surprised when they discover he actually attended a CEH boot camp. He said Mitnick had sat in on his class and asked a lot of intelligent questions and said he passed the test in the high 80's (89?) which was the highest score he had ever seen. He also mentioned Kevin is very proud of that and if anyone has done better than that on their first attempt they should email Mitnick and let him know, lol. Any way our job will focus more and more on educating the building personnel concerning security policies.
That's the future as I see it happening. Lets wait and see!


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Felix Salmon discusses some of the reasons Apple's stock price is so low.
What's certain here is that the market simply isn't rewarding Apple for its astonishing level of earnings growth of late. Which is weird, since that kind of earnings growth really wasn't priced in a couple of years ago. Zaky's convinced we're seeing a market failure here, and I'm not convinced he's wrong. But I'd be happier if someone could persuade me that there's actually a good reason why Apple earnings seem to be worth so much less than so many of Apple's less-successful peers
I have a theory.
On the one hand you can buy Apple stock for $375 a share and pay $7 to ScottTrade. On the other hand I also have a trash can in which you can deposit your $375, pay me $5 and I will set it on fire for you.
Clearly, I am offering the better deal as in both cases you have approximately zero probability of getting your money back and I am willing to burn it for $5 whereas you have to pay ScottTrade $7.
Now that's not quite true. Apple's stock price is sustained by the fact that if it goes low enough someone will buy the whole company and liquidate it. However, current investors shouldn't be under any delusions that Apple has any plans whatsoever to provide them with a return on their investment.
As Arnold Kling might say: Thank You for your donation to the Steve Jobs Consumer Product Enrichment Fund, have a nice day.


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Town Square
Where should the new Atherton library be located?
Original post made by Peter Carpenter, Atherton: Lindenwood, on Mar 28, 2012
Where should the new Atherton library re located?
I would encourage posters to express both their opinion on this issue and their reasons for that opinion.
For my part I do not yet have a personal position on the new location of the Atherton library but I firmly believe that this issue, involving as it does a permanent change in Atherton's only park (not counting the small park adjacent to the current library) and a divided Town Council, should be put to a vote by the citizens. Hopefully this Forum discussion will offer some insight as to the pros and cons of either locating the new library in Holbrook Palmer Park or keeping it as part of the Town Center.
Comments (7)
a resident of Atherton: Lindenwood
on Mar 29, 2012 at 3:11 pm
Although the Town has almost $6M it must use on Library facilities or programs there is no need for the town to turn over valuable park land to the library to spend that money.
Redwood City and Menlo Park have libraries close by.
The existing library could be expanded (second floor or into the Reading Park) and maybe even take over council chambers. Move council meetings into the park or a room in the town center. Or if the library needs an auditorium convert council chambers to an auditorium block off time for civil meetings.
The town and neighboring communities need open space and fields. Save the open space. Where are the existing offices and storage of the Main House going to go?
a resident of Atherton: West Atherton
on Mar 30, 2012 at 9:49 pm
What is wrong with the current location?
a resident of Atherton: Lloyden Park
on Mar 31, 2012 at 9:45 am
Nothing is wrong the current location. It is just that the town has $6M in liibrary reserves and some want to build a new facility in the Park.
a resident of Atherton: Lindenwood
on Mar 31, 2012 at 1:32 pm
The location should be one where teh investment is protected. If I was building a $5.5M home and I had two lots of land. One right by the train tracks, which may become threatened given the electrification and HSR expansion, and the other parcel in a location away from this potential threat, I would pick the latter. Our Council has to make sure the town's investment is maintained. The HSR threat is still real and it has to be strongly considered in location planning.
a resident of Atherton: Lloyden Park
on Mar 31, 2012 at 3:32 pm
There is more to protecting the investment. First is their a need to spend $5.5M replacing a libraary structure that already exists? Why not spend $2M to upgrade the exisitng library and bank the rest? The council is not getting anything for donating the Park land to be used for a library. Wedding rentals which generate $90,000 a year have been stopped to make way for the Library in the Park. That is not protecting the town's investment.
What needs to be considered is the need for open space in the park.
If the library stays were it is there is no loss of any funds invested to improve it. The improvements will last and people will use the library.
a resident of another community
on Mar 31, 2012 at 4:49 pm
How bout Newark
a resident of Menlo Park: Downtown
on Apr 2, 2012 at 8:19 am
Or Flood Park or Co-Build with Menlo College
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Although an abdominal ultrasound can be done to check for a number of conditions, it can be used to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a weakened, bulging spot in your abdominal aorta, the artery that runs through the middle of your abdomen and supplies blood to the lower half of your body.
An abdominal ultrasound can also be used to check for other diseases that affect your kidneys, liver, gallbladder and pancreas.
An abdominal ultrasound to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm is recommended for men ages 65 to 75 who are current or former cigarette smokers. Having an abdominal ultrasound to screen for an aortic aneurysm isn't specifically recommended for men who have never smoked, nor women, unless your doctor suspects you may have an aneurysm.
During active surveillance for prostate cancer, your doctor closely monitors your prostate cancer for any changes. Active surveillance for prostate cancer is sometimes called watchful waiting.
No cancer treatment is provided during active surveillance for prostate cancer. This means medications, radiation and surgery aren't used. Periodic tests are done to check for signs the cancer is growing.
You might consider active surveillance for prostate cancer if your cancer is small, expected to grow very slowly, confined to one area of your prostate, and isn't causing signs or symptoms.
If you have other health problems that limit your life expectancy, active surveillance for prostate cancer may also be a reasonable approach.
Amniocentesis is a procedure in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus for testing or treatment. Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds and protects a baby during pregnancy. This fluid contains fetal cells and various chemicals produced by the baby.
Amniocentesis can be done for various reasons:
Although amniocentesis can provide valuable information about your baby's health, the decision to pursue invasive diagnostic testing is serious. It's important to understand the risks of amniocentesis — and be prepared for the results.
A barium enema is an X-ray exam that can detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon). The procedure is also called a colon X-ray.
An enema is the injection of a liquid into your rectum through a small tube. In this case, the liquid contains a metallic substance (barium) that coats the lining of the colon. Normally, an X-ray produces a poor image of soft tissues, but the barium coating results in a relatively clear silhouette of the colon.
During a barium enema exam, air may be pumped into the colon. The air expands the colon and improves the quality of images. This is called an air-contrast (double-contrast) barium enema.
Before a barium enema, your doctor will instruct you to completely empty your colon.
A bone density test determines if you have osteoporosis — a disease that causes bones to become more fragile and more likely to break.
In the past, osteoporosis could be detected only after you broke a bone. By that time, however, your bones could be quite weak. A bone density test enhances the accuracy of calculating your risk of breaking bones.
A bone density test uses X-rays to measure how many grams of calcium and other bone minerals are packed into a segment of bone. The bones that are most commonly tested are in the spine, hip and forearm.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast — or breast MRI — is a test used to detect breast cancer and other abnormalities in the breast.
A breast MRI captures multiple images of your breast. Breast MRI images are combined, using a computer, to generate detailed pictures.
Breast MRI usually is performed after you have a biopsy that's positive for cancer, and your doctor needs more information about the extent of the disease. In certain situations, such as for women with high risk of breast cancer, breast MRI may be used with mammograms as a screening tool for detecting breast cancer.
Computerized tomography (CT scan) — also called CT — combines a series of X-ray views taken from many different angles and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the bones and soft tissues inside your body.
The resulting images can be compared to looking down at single slices of bread from a loaf. Your doctor will be able to look at each of these slices individually or perform additional visualization to view your body from different angles. In some cases, CT images can be combined to create 3-D images. CT scan images can provide much more information than do plain X-rays.
A CT scan has many uses, but is particularly well suited to quickly examine people who may have internal injuries from car accidents or other types of trauma. A CT scan can be used to visualize nearly all parts of the body.
Carotid (kuh-ROT-id) ultrasound is a safe, painless procedure that uses sound waves to examine the structure and function of the carotid arteries in your neck.
Your two carotid arteries are located on each side of your neck. Carotid arteries deliver blood from your heart to your brain.
Carotid ultrasound is usually used to test for blocked or narrowed carotid arteries, which can indicate an increased risk of stroke. Results from a carotid ultrasound can help your doctor determine what kind of treatment you may need to lower your risk of stroke.
Chest X-rays produce images of your heart, lungs, blood vessels, airways, and the bones of your chest and spine. Chest X-rays can also reveal fluid in or around your lungs or air surrounding a lung.
If you go to your doctor or the emergency room with chest pain, a chest injury or shortness of breath, you will typically get a chest X-ray. The image helps your doctor determine whether you have heart problems, a collapsed lung, pneumonia, broken ribs, emphysema, cancer or any of several other conditions.
The chest X-ray is a common way to diagnose disease. But it can also be used to tell whether a certain treatment is working. Some people have a series of chest X-rays done over time, to track whether a health problem is getting better or worse.
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi is removed from the placenta for testing.
During pregnancy, the placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby and removes waste products from the baby's blood. The chorionic villi are wispy projections that make up most of the placenta and share the baby's genetic makeup.
Chorionic villus sampling can reveal whether a baby has a chromosomal condition, such as Down syndrome. Chorionic villus sampling can also be used to test for other genetic conditions, such as cystic fibrosis.
Although chorionic villus sampling can provide valuable information about your baby's health, the decision to pursue invasive diagnostic testing is serious. It's important to understand the risks of chorionic villus sampling — and be prepared for the results.


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Ramadan: The Holy Conundrum
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OK so why is Ramadan a "holy Conundrum" a termed I coined while biking home in the heat of day thankful for my water bottle and yet feeling guilty about drinking it in front of my fasting friend, well that's just it; heat of day!? No drinking water? I don't get it. Its the one thing I could not get over; that and the constant hypocrisy of people asking why I was not fasting and then when I did "try" it ( I lasted only until 4:00 in the afternoon where upon the thirst was so bad I broke down and downed an entire liter of water) people were saying "but you don't do the prayer five times a day-you are not Muslim" then of course I threw my hands up and said its for "solidarity to just know what you are going through and doing to yourself!" then they'd smirk and admit that they were not fasting either....and we'd go eat watermelons. PHOTO_ID_R=photo_shoot_2_004.jpg Now after Ramadan is the holiday of Korit� and that had some pretty intense hype from my fellow volunteers who were busy preparing days in advance but I, however, was slightly disappointed once the day materialized, I don't know if its because my family is just so used to volunteers at this point that they some how assumed I knew what was going on or what, but I found the women spending the morning cooking and the men going off to the Mosque to be pretty typical of every other day, then when we got all dressed up I found myself walking around aimlessly by myself through my village looking for friends, little kids asking for money (again what's new about that one?) which I did not have because when I asked my sister if I was suppose to have the money now she said no I did not need to bring it...so I felt like a bit of a "donkey" and just kept murmuring "its coming" which is something I say whenever people ask for gifts that I don't have
Ok so that was Korite and I have so much more to tell you, I have a list of things to share and really it all boils down to me wanting visitors here so that I can show you this beautiful crazy place. I want to show you the colors of the market and feed you the spicy fish and cold red bissap and point out the still beating heart of the slaughtered cow hanging in the market tree. Come visit. I can put you to work too, murals, school room building, summer camps, I want to build a library here- so much that can be done, and I will send an e-mail out soon outlining projects; Also please do not send any more packages, I realize that they are just too expensive to send and I will make do with what resources I have and really letters and pictures and very small items are most treasured. Thank you and love you all


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Hi all, i'm currently having some issues with the T420 in regards to the hinges. I got it on April 2011 and was reasonably happy with it, OK there was a stuck pixel but its not directly in line of vision so I can live with that. However after 5 months of relatively normal usage my hinges have become really loose, so much that at some angles it can't support the weight of the lid. It's disappointing considering the hinge on my 4 year old T61 is still relatively strong in comparison.
I have 3 years warranty on the system so I thought I might as well call Lenovo Support (UK) to get it fixed, however the Lenovo rep stated that it can't be replaced under warranty as its within "reasonable wear and tear" and therefore, require a fee if I want to send it in for replacement. For sure I understand if it's 2 years old or something but 5 months? Something is not right.
I was able to bide some time with the Lenovo rep to keep my case number open for a few days in regards to this, but I would like some clarification on the issue with the warranty on hinges. Reading posts on this forum indicates that the hinges are covered under warranty (ref) as long it hasn't been involved in heavy damage which mine hasn't.
I also uploaded some videos of the issues i'm facing so you guys can have an idea. Is it unreasonable for me to get this fixed under warranty? I would really like some help on this, particularly from the senior mods or staff who can help me on my issue since I only have a few days for my escalated case to remain open. Thanks.
Videos - T420 Hinge Failure #1 // T420 Hinge Failure #2
Solved! Go to Solution.
Thanks Serge, I posted the required information to you via PM.
It's been a week now since I made a call out to Lenovo about my hinge problem and apart from the same rep who called me back to see whether I still want to pay out for the loose hinge I haven't heard anyone else from Lenovo to say they're investigating my case.
It would be nice that I have some reassurance that someone is assessing my case as at the moment as I don't know whether my case is being looked at or been forgotten. Should I try again with another rep or should I stick with this open case?
sorry for the delayed answer. There are are no known issues with hinges becoming loose on this machine.
I got back to UK Support with your case and they confirmed to repair hinges on your machine.
Lenovo UK Support will contact you soon.
Thanks Katarina, Lenovo UK called me back and have finally accepted to take my machine for warranty repair on the hinges. I would like to say thanks to those who have supported me on my issue on the forums, particularly Lead_Org who have provided continual support over the past few weeks in which i'm very grateful.
More good service from lenovo
I also have hinge failure on my T420 manufactured March 2011. The hinges cannot support the display at anything other than a right angle. I contacted a local Lenovo warranty repair shop who are looking at getting me a warranty repair. Seems maybe a bad batch of hinges?
03-16-2014 12:01 PM - edited 03-16-2014 12:19 PM
I also have hinge failure on my T420 bought on November 2011, and it is still under Warranty.
The hinges have become loose and the LCD panel moves from one side to the other just by touching it, which never happened with neither of my W530, U400 or U410.
What should I need to do to have this fixed?
Thanks in advance.
EDIT: From the product s/n I can se it was also manufactured March 2011.


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In time, the ill-feeling about where Ma'a Nonu is playing his Super Rugby will recede to be replaced by relief that he is at least still in New Zealand.
Last week wasn't his finest and, while he can't be exonerated for making a handshake agreement to join the Blues only to renege, the New Zealand Rugby Union have to be recognised for being complicit in allowing him to make the switch to the Highlanders. Ultimately, the national body didn't really care what franchise jersey he wore in 2013 as long as he was available to slip into a black one later in the year.
Whatever baggage he carries and however much, perceived or otherwise, he's been a disruptive element at the Hurricanes and Blues, he's been an almost squeaky clean operator for the All Blacks, the perfect formula of low maintenance/high yield. His talents can't rationally be disputed: Nonu brings momentum and presence - factors that remain crucial in a berth where owning the gain line means owning the game.
Maybe Sonny Bill Williams will come back to New Zealand in 2014, but until he does, Nonu remains king which is why the NZRU let him shift his court to Dunedin.
Nonu was never really in doubt about his desire to remain in New Zealand. Even when his old club, Ricoh Black Rams, a few weeks ago upped their offer to life-changing money, Nonu turned them down with little hesitation and even less regret.
His late change of heart about the Blues was certainly out of character. Few have had their loyalty tested like Nonu throughout a career that has known both triumph and disaster. He was effectively dumped by the All Blacks at two World Cups but swallowed his pride and became an integral member of the side that won the tournament last year.
He's been on the IRB Player of the Year shortlist and yet was axed by the Hurricanes in the same year; he was capped in 2003 but only became a regular selection in 2008.
He could hardly be called flaky: he's stayed through ordeals others would have long fled from and there is not a shred of doubt that the national side has a hold on his heart.
"There is just something special about this group and when you put that jersey on ... that is something I don't want to lose," he says. "That was the main factor really [in choosing to stay in New Zealand]. This jersey is something I don't take for granted. I am still passionate about this team."
He's especially passionate about the midfield partnership he has built with centre Conrad Smith. These two have become the Walter Little and Frank Bunce of the 21st century, maybe even better as last night they played their 39th test as a partnership which is considerably more than the 28 Little and Bunce played together.
Nonu and Smith are a pairing feared and respected the world over and Nonu feels they still have ample room for growth. He kept coming back to that last point as he weighed up his next career move.
At 30, he's getting to the age where he has to be careful about making assumptions about his form and fitness. But against that risk of suddenly feeling his legs go or his form collapse was the challenge of driving that partnership to another level.
He didn't enjoy June much where he had an enforced break from rugby and had to endure the sight of Williams in his jersey. Williams became the man of the moment - the man everyone was talking about. But after he departed, the All Blacks didn't skip a beat. Nonu and Smith renewed their partnership in a flash and the potency remained: the defensive clout sharpened and the rhythm and flow of the team improved.
The old guard were back and it's little wonder that the NZRU approved Nonu's decision to join the Highlanders. His value is huge: but the value of him and Smith together, is worth something much bigger again.
"We are lucky that we have played with each other for a long time," says Nonu. "Not necessarily in this jersey [All Blacks] - although I think we have been together in it now for about five years - but before that, with the Lions and the Hurricanes, we were together for about three years.
"We got together with the Lions in 2004 and, while we know each other, we still challenge each other. If I make a mistake, he's the one that picks me up. He makes demands of me and it's probably the same for me of him and that is the beauty of our relationship on the field.
"From where we started to where we are now - we have never taken anything for granted or become complacent."


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Harbor View Room For 2 budget travellers
お部屋の大きさ10 m²
Floor No.(with elevator)
- インターネット/WiFi
- エアコン
- テレビ
- 喫煙可
- 建物内にエレベーター有り
- 鍵つきの部屋
- タオル
Accommodation summary
|A Nathan Road, 852 Mongkok, 香港
- 3 minutes walk to the nearby A21 and (N21 Midnight)airport shuttle stop
- 3 minutes to the MTR Mongkok subway Station.
- 10 minutes walk to the CTS HK - Canton bus terminal
- 15 minutes walk to the Mongkok East Train Station where you can take train to Lowu and transit to Shenzhen or Guangzhou.
Room facilities
- Air conditioning
- 2 single beds (900mm width) with matress
- Own bathroom with towels, shampoo and liquid soap, toothbrush and paste, cold and hot water supply.
- Free Wifi
- local TV Channels
- 24 hours security patrol
- electronic door lock
- hairdryer
- electric kettle
- slippers
Window view
- Victoria Harbor
ハウスルールPossessed valid valid travel document
No questionable and illegal activities will be tolerated.
Take good care of room facilities and items.
No smoking inside the room.
|Weekly rate for up to 2 guests
|¥ 5382601
|Monthly rate for up to 2 guests
|¥ 10344336
|¥ 150352 ゲスト・宿泊日の追加
|Check-in before
Small, tiny apartment. If you book it you should next expect anything big but inside it is cleaned, Mr Ying and his wife clean once a week and you can have your clothes washed for a small amount of money.
You are close to the MTR station in Mongkok.
The only bad thing is the bed. It is so hard you can hardly get used to it.
Otherwise it was what it says good for your budget. You don´t find a cheaper place nor a cleaner place for this place.
Had a great time there.
This was a lovely place to stay in, it was clean and tidy and spacious :D...the view was very good and Mr and Mrs Ying were both very helpful and talkative....Thank you so much for such a affordable accomodation which provided 5* services :)
I would definitely recommend this place :D
I was well greeted by Albert who is a kind person and he assisted me perfectly well. The room was very clean, with a nice view of the city from the windows. There was hot water in the shower and everything worked well.
We found a good room with 2 beds, a bathroom with hairdryer and waterheater in the middle of the crowdy center of Mong Kong. Albert and Mr. Ying were very helpful, when we needed someting (a softer mattress, better wifi) and reacted suddenly. The little appartment was in the 26 floor, reachable with several elevators. Thank you Albert and Mr. Ying that we could stay the last day in our room till the evening, we had a late flight back home. Busstations and MRT Station directly near the house. The room looked backward to we didn't hear the noisy and busy Nathan Road. Nightmarket and Ladies Market nearby. Thank you Albert and Mr. Ying!!
Had a pleasant stay in Mong Kok. The place is located right in the middle of the area, on Nathan Road, with Ladies' Market (a popular place for cheap goods) and lots of restaurants just a couple of steps away. The apartment was quite small, as expected, but had everything I needed for my short vacation; a water boiler, a double bed and a toilet with a shower. Sheets on the bed were clean and the apartment was renovated recently so it was overall in quite good condition. The room had a modern LCD TV if I were into that, and wifi was provided even though the connection kept breaking up. Overall a good experience, thanks Albert!
After travelling through Asia several month this was our worst hostel experience.
I know that space in Hongkong is limited, what the room we had (For nearly 450$/week was just unaceptable.
The "double bed" has a size of 1,10cm. It is not possible to sleep there with two persons.
The room itself was small, but okay for Hong Kong.
Neither Albert, nor Wimdu could solve the problem. We just wanted four beds or 2 double beds, as booked.
There are much better hotesls in this price range in HKG!!!
Friendly place, clean and quiet. However you will need to climb the 1 floor up the stairs to get to the right floor. Overall, location is good if you plan to stay near the MRT.
Very good room, nice view on the city, the staff was very helpful and friendly and its a very good location for exploring the city.
Very goood place to stay, lift was very convenient... it was a convenient location :D it had kettles to boil late night instant noodles....I really enjoyed my stay here so would highly recommend this place
Thank you :)
- すべてのお部屋はチェック済み
- どのホストともお電話で直接お話いただけます


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May 16, 2014
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. -- The Tennessee track and field team announced 16 newcomers for the 2014-2015 season. The incoming class is highlighted by some of the top competitors from the southeast and includes 10 men and 6 women.
Four are in-state prospects from Tennessee and five are from Georgia, while Alabama, Maryland, Minnesota, Virginia, New Jersey, and Texas make up remaining homes of the six state champions that combine for a total of 16 state titles.
"Our class has the makeup to change us drastically, not just in terms of some outstanding high school performances, but the intangibles that these great young men and women possess," director of track and field/cross country J.J. Clark said. "Their commitment and excitement for Tennessee impresses me. We put a lot of work into landing future Vols who will continue to raise the bar."
For a look inside this year's signing class:
Previous School: Our Lady of Mercy
Top Results:
100m - 10.38 (US #16)
200m - 21.10 (US #17)
Long Jump - 24-7.5 (US #6)
Note: Coleman led Our Lady of Mercy to a runner-up spot in the Georgia 1A-Private State Championship in Jefferson, Ga., winning the 100 meter, 200 meter, long jump and anchored his 4x100 meter relay crew to a 41.88 victory.
Previous School: EC Glass High School
Top Results:
Shot Put - 59-9.5 (i)
Discus - 200-9 (US #2)
Hammer - 186-7
Weight - 60-1.75
Note: Zajac won the shot put at the 2014 Virginia 4A State Championship and claimed the discus title in 2013. This spring, he won the Penn Relays with his current personal best throw over the 200 foot mark. His older brother, Michael Zajac, was an All-American thrower at South Carolina.
Jalen Hunter - Denton, Texas
Previous School: Guyer High School
Top Results:
110m hurdles - 13.76 (US #5)
300m hurdles - 36.72 (US #4)
60m hurdles - 8.11 (i)
200m - 22.64 (i)
Note: Hunter took second in the Texas State Championship with a time of 36.72 in the 300m hurdles. He finished second in the 110m hurdles at the 2013 TAAF Summer Games of Texas. His older brother, Cameron Hunter, played football at Air Force.
Tyler Woodrome - Dacula, Ga.
Previous School: Mill Creek High School
Top Results:
800m - 1:53.18
Note: Woodrome grabbed a third-place finish at the Georgia 6A State Championship in the 1600 meter run after winning it in 2013. He was named to the 2013 All-Metro XC. He helped Mill Creek High School to a 2012 6A cross country state championship.
Darius Smith - Peachtree City, Ga.
Previous School: Landmark Christian School
Top Results:
400m hurdles - 52.89
200m hurdles - 22.49 (i)
400m - 49.64 (i)
Note: Smith was part of the state champion-winning 4x400m relay team. He placed third in the 400 hurdles at the 2013 USATF Junior National Championships in a career-best time of 52.89. He also played running back for Landmark Christian's football team.
Chase Hilton - Knoxville, Tenn.
Previous School: Bearden High School
Top Results:
800m - 1:54.72
1600m - 4:18.83
400m - 49.99
Note: Hilton recently qualified for the Tennessee 3A State Championship in the 800 meter run with his personal best of 1:54.72. He won the Tennessee Relays 400 meter dash in a sub 50 second clocking and continues to show he has a nice range finishing 25th at the state championship in cross country.
Drew Kelley - Roswell, Ga.
Previous School: Roswell High School
Top Results:
1600m - 4:16.84
Note: Kelley won two premier races in 2013 taking victories at Arcadia and the New Balance Outdoor Championship. He also competed in football at Houston High School where he played running back and wide receiver.
Malik Elion - Memphis, Tenn.
Previous School: Houston High School
Top Results:
200 - 22.01
100 - 10.93
Note: Elion continues to lower his times in the one lap race and looks to be one of state's best this spring. He also competed in football at Houston High School where he played running back and wide receive
Ocean Carlson - Memphis, Tenn.
Previous School: Briarcrest Christian School
Top Results:
Pole Vault - 15-8 (i)
Andre Hillsman - Murfreesboro, Tenn.
Previous School: Central Magnet School
Top Results:
3200m - 9:17
Note: Hillsman took third in the Tennessee state cross country championships this fall covering the Percy Warner course in 16:07 . He plans to major in mechanical engineering at Tennessee. He was named The Tennesean's boys cross country runner of the year.
Morgan Harvey -Annadale, N.J.
Previous School: North Hunterdon High School
Top Results:
100m hurdles - 14.34
400m hurdles - 59.63
Note: Harvey is currently the US#1 400m hurdler, with a 60.02 best this spring. She is a two-time Express-Times Girls Track and Field Athlete of the Year. She won the 2013 New Jersey Meet of Champions in the 100 hurdles. She came up in a family of hurdlers. Parents George and Kathy Harvey both ran hurdles at Slippery Rock University. He older brother, Shane, ran hurdles at Kutztown University.
Cidae'a Woods - Atco, N.J.
Previous School: Winslow Township High School
Top Results:
Long Jump - 19-9.25
60m - 7.81
55m hurdles - 8.11
100m hurdles - 14:59
High Jump - 5-4
Note: One of the more versatile athletes in Tennessee's signing class. During the 2014 indoor season, she won New Jersey state titles in both the 55-meter hurdles and the high jump. She is also a member of the National Honor Society and the drum major of Winslow's marching band, playing the clarinet and the saxophone. She plans to major in kinesiology.
Shelbi White - Lincoln, Ala.
Previous School: Lincoln High School
Top Results:
400m - 55.58
200m - 24.32
60m - 7.65i
Note: White won three individual Alabama state titles, finishing first in the 100, 200 and 400 dashes at the 2014 outdoor meet. She finished her career by winning the 400m all four years of her high school career at the 4A meet. She won the 400 at the 2014 state indoor meet as well. She also played volleyball at Lincoln.
Megan Linder - Eagan, Minn.
Previous School: Cretin-Derham Hall, Minnesota
Top Results:
200m - 24.71
400m - 55.62
Note: Linder was the 2012 and 2013 Minnesota Class AA state champion in the 400 dash. During the 2014 indoor season, she posted top-eight finishes in both the 200 and 400 at the 2014 New Balance Indoor Nationals.
London Freeland - Washinton, D.C.
Previous School: Paul Laurence Dunbar High School
Top Results:
400m hurdles - 1:01.29
400m - 56.51
Note: Freeland helped Dunbar high school win the 2013 DCIAA and DCSAA outdoor track team titles. She finished second in the 400m hurdles at the 2013 USATF World Youth Trials in a career-best time of 1:01.29.
Ariel Terrell - Atlanta, Ga.
Previous School: Westlake High School
Top Results:
400m - 55.21
400m hurdles - 1:01.00
Note: Terrell won the 400 hurdles at the 2013 USATF National Junior Olympics. She helped Westlake High School (GA) win the 2013 6A State Team Championship


text:
Logan Heights neighborbood to be demolished in 2017
Bliss to bulldoze & replace military housing development containing lead paint
EL PASO, Texas - A military wife worried about the safety of her Logan Heights home sparked a community meeting.
The evening of Jan. 16, military housing contractor Balfour Beatty Communities hosted a forum at Logan Elementary School with Logan Heights residents concerned about lead paint and asbestos in their homes.
On Jan. 13 a meeting notice was posted on the Fort Bliss Homes facebook page. That was two days after a link to an ABC-7 story was posted to the page, in which military wife Stephanie Propst claimed her home contained harmful levels of lead paint.
Jan. 9, Propst approached ABC-7 with concerns about contaminants inside the military home in the Logan Heights neighborhood she shared with her husband and two children.
"Fort Bliss is aware that the Logan Heights homes were, for the most part, developed at a time when the government didn't fully understand the hazards of lead-based paint," said Fort Bliss spokesman, Maj. Joe Buccino. "We appreciate their concerns, we understand their concerns ... and we want to make them as comfortable and as safe as possible."
Buccino revealed Bliss has plans to demolish the Logan Heights housing development. In 2017 the neighborhood will be razed and new construction will begin, according to Buccino.
In the meantime, Buccino said Propst's claims are a concern to Fort Bliss, but he maintains they were addressed according to protocol. Balfour Beatty Communities found Propst a new home, extended her hotel stay, and paid for moving expenses and to clean her belongings.
Propst said her problems started when construction crews preparing to replace heating ducts in her home made an unwelcome discovery.
"The contractor said that there was lead-based paint in the house," said Propst.
According to Propst, her family was sent to a hotel, to avoid exposure to dust and debris, while repairs were made to her home. Wednesday evening, she found herself suddenly locked out of the home, after being told the hotel assistance would stop.
"Locks are changed, I can't get into my own home," Propst said as she choked through tears. "They didn't tell me."
Buccino said Propst wasn't locked out of her military home, but rather kept out for her own safety. Buccino maintains Propst was informed about the protocol that would require her to stay out of her home, but admitted it may not have been communicated properly.
"We'd just like to clarify," said Buccino. "Lead is only a hazard if it's consumed. If it becomes dust, it becomes somehow inhaled, obviously if it's eaten, if it's chipped, at that point that family should raise that concern with Balfour Beatty."
Balfour Beatty Communities spokeswoman Maureen Omrod said the Propst home did test positive for lead while the samples of dust and debris did not, but she maintained Propst was informed about the lockdown.
"We don't want people to feel that Fort Bliss has something to hide," said Buccino. "Balfour Beatty will host a meeting with a certified safety contractor who will address contaminants like asbestos or lead paint. Anything that would be a concern to a Logan Heights resident will be addressed."
ABC-7 was barred from the Jan. 16 meeting held by Balfour Beatty Communities, but according to Buccino, about 60 people attended, and most of the discussion centered on maintenance orders and lead paint.


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