text:
These tutorials link to content developed by Infopeople trainers, as well as other resources that we deem useful to a wide library audience.
Introduction to this tutorial: You do not need an HTML editor to complete this tutorial. All lessons are designed to be completed using Notepad, which comes with all Windows PCs or an equivalent simple text editor (Mac users, try TextEdit). The reason we are using a simple text editor is that HTML is simple ASCII (plain) text, and editors like Notepad only save files as plain text. You can use any web browser for previewing your HTML pages. If you follow along with this tutorial, you'll be typing all the tags yourselves, as there is NO better way to learn HTML! And that, as they say, is that.
You will be building a page as you go through this tutorial. The content of my sample page is oriented toward a library, but don't let that discourage you! Feel free to change and adapt your page's text to better reflect your needs.
A little lingo before we start: There will be very little "techie" talk in this tutorial. One thing you'll learn very quickly is that this isn't rocket science! But it will help to know the following terms:
If you want to learn more terminology, check out the Web Glossary [5] from Case Western University.
Also, check out our Webiography page [6].
A Little Background:
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the basic programming language that is used on the web. HTML programming code uses tags to make web browsers see a web page correctly. Think of the human body: when we look at people we see skin, hair, arms, and legs. Underneath is the skeleton that holds us together and makes arms look like arms and legs look like legs. The web page we see in a browser is like the body, nicely laid out and pleasing to the eye. Underneath the web page is the skeleton -- the HTML tags -- holding it all together and making it look right.
Believe it or not, HTML is less than 20 years old (see: About the World Wide Web [7] for more on the web's history) and it is constantly evolving as new versions of web browsers add new HTML tags. In fact now there are new programming languages like XML and XHTML that extend the power of basic HTML. For more on these developements, see: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/ [8]. We will cover only basic HTML tags that work with all browsers in this tutorial.
The first tag in any HTML file is the  tag. This tells web browsers that the document is an HTML file.
The second tag is a  tag. Information between the HEAD tags doesn't appear in the browser window, but is still important. It is called meta information. The most important meta information in the HEAD tag is the <TITLE> tag. All HTML documents must have a title. Generally, the title should reflect the contents of the page (like a book's title reflects the contents of the book), so you will be changing this title to better describe whatever sort of web page you are creating. The document title will appear in the title bar (the bar at the top of your browser window). Look up at the top of your browser window right now. It says "basic html tags". The title text doesn't show up in the main browser window (where the text you are now reading is located).
The true content of your web page starts after the HTML, HEAD and TITLE tags. It is contained inside the   tags.
So the basic skeleton of every web page looks like this (the tags will always appear in this order) and you will have one only of each of these tags on your web page):
Notice that all the tags have these < > around them? These brackets tell the browser that the text inside the brackets is to be read as an HTML command. Look at  and . Do you see the difference? The first one, , has no / (forward slash). It is the opening tag. The second one, , has a / (this is called a forward slash). It is the closing tag. You need to be very careful about closing your HTML tags.
There are very few HTML tags that don't require a closing tag, so be sure you get into the habit of closing your tags.
Now we are ready to start creating the true content of the web page by putting information between the  tags. Generally, the first line of an HTML page will be a HEADING tag. If you think about a HEADING as part of an outline of a document, the first HEADING (

) tag is roman numeral one, a second level heading (

) would be roman numeral two, and so on. In most cases, the first heading on a web page will be the same as, or similar to, the document title to let people know right off what the page is about.

 is the largest size heading, which you would normally use at the start of a document.
 is the smallest, with
 to
 of varying sizes in between them.
This text is an example of an H1 heading
here is the HTML for this:
This text is an example of an H1 heading

This text is an example of an H6 heading
here is the HTML for this:
This text is an example of an H6 heading

Always remember to CLOSE your HTML tags!
Style Elements:
When we talk about style elements in HTML, we mean tags that affect the appearance of the text on a page. That can mean how the text is spaced, and also how the text looks.
Page formatting tags:
These tags affect how the text is spaced on a page:
The spaces between this line and the line above and below are examples of paragraph tags.
Text style tags:
Text style tags affect the appearance of text on a page. You already know about text style tags as you use them all the time in word processors like MS Word. When you select text and click on the B button in MS Word your text turns bold, right? HTML works the same way, but we need to use HTML tags to tell the browser what text style to use.
The two most useful text style tags are:
Remember: you have to CLOSE the text style tags just like you have to close heading tags.
Now let's start the actual building of a web page.
To begin your page:
TIP: If you are comfortable copying and pasting, you can copy and paste the tags into Notepad. To copy and paste on a PC:
To copy and paste on a Mac:
Note on using TextEdit (Mac OS X users): Before you start creating your HTML page using TextEdit, change the preferences by going to the TextEdit menu and selecting Preferences. Under New Document Attributes, check Make Plain Text and Wrap Text. Under Saving, uncheck the Append ".txt" extension to plain text files button. Then click the red button in the upper left corner of the Preferences window to save these changes. If you don't do this it will make your page RTF (Rich Text Format) which will destroy all your HTML coding.
A note about copying and pasting: the tags may not be aligned to the left of the Notepad window after you paste them in. While this won't affect the HTML, it may be confusing for you visually, so feel free to clean up the tags and line them up to the left in your Notepad window.
Next: Saving Your Work [9]
An HTML file is nothing more than plain ASCII text, but all HTML files must have a special file extension for web browsers to recognize them. This extension is either .htm OR .html. The reason why there are two possible extensions goes back to the early days of the web. People were still using Windows 3.1 and DOS then, and Windows 3.1 and DOS file extensions could only be 3 letters long, hence .htm. Now .html is the more commonly accepted extension. For this course, we will be using the .html extension.
As you create web pages, it is important to keep them all together. This makes them easier to find on your computer, and makes it easier when you are ready to make your website go "live" on the Internet. So before we start saving files, let's create a folder where they will go.
Now you are ready to save the file:
You should always check your web page in a browser to make sure it looks okay.
To Preview Your File in Internet Explorer:
(Most browsers use similar commands to open a file - start with the File menu and look for "Open Page" or "Open File".)
Look at my index.html [10]. When the page opens, click the View menu and select Source to see the HTML code.
Note: As you work on your web page, you should keep your web browser and Notepad open. If you keep your index.html file open in your web browser, all you need to do after saving any changes you make to the file in Notepad is click the Reload or Refresh button in your browser window to see the changed index.html file. This means that you should have two windows open:
Next: Adding Lists [11]
There are three basic list types in HTML:
The Unordered List:
The opening and closing tags for an unordered list are
 ...

Each item inside the list must also have a tag. This tag is the line item tag and it looks like this:

Here is a sample unordered list in HTML:
Here is what that HTML looks like in a web browser:
Notice that you must close the list with the
 tag, but you don't have to close the list item tags. Not too tough, huh? You can make the bullets into squares by adding an attribute to the opening
 tag. An attribute is something that is added to a tag to make it do something different, and you add a value to the attribute to tell the browser exactly what sort of attribute you want. To make squares, your HTML code will look like this:
Here is what that HTML looks like in a web browser:
So the attribute type="square" (the value in this tag is "square") turns the round bullets into squares. Sorry, there are no values for triangles or polygons!
Notice that I typed the tag
 in uppercase and the attribute and its value type="square" in lowercase. This is so that I can immediately tell the tag from the attribute when I am looking at my HTML code.
The Ordered List:
The ordered list is a sequential list, using either numbers or letters. The opening and closing tags for an ordered list are
 ...
 (that's the letter O, not the number zero).
Like the unordered list, each item in the ordered list must also have a line item tag before each item.
Here is a sample ordered list in HTML:
Here is what that HTML looks like in a web browser:
There are some attributes you can add to the opening
 tag. To make roman numerals, your HTML code will look like this:
Here is what that HTML looks like in a web browser:
So the attribute type="I" (that's a capital "I" for the value) turns the regular numbers into roman numerals.
Another attribute for the
 list is type="A". This turns the numbers in an ordered list into capital letters. Your code will look like this:
Here is what that HTML looks like in a web browser:
Remember, as with the unordered list you must close the list with the
 tag, but you don't need to close the list item tags.
The Definition List:
The definition list is a little different. It starts with this tag:
, and the closing tag looks like this:
. There are two item tags in a definition list; one indents the items and the other doesn't. They look like this:
So the HTML code for a definition list will look like this:
And the list will look like this in a web browser:
See how the word "bananas" is indented? That is what the
 item tag does.
Remember, as with the ordered and unordered lists you must close the list with the
 tag, but you don't need to close the item tags.
Okay, you are now ready to add some more HTML code to your web page. I am going to create a list of items that you would find on a library page. But you can substitute whatever items you feel belong on the page you are creating.
The following code will go between the ... tags of your index.html file (so you need to make sure that Notepad is open and you can see your index.html file).
After you have typed (or pasted) this code into your index.html file, be sure to SAVE your work in Notepad, then preview your index.html file in your web browser.
See my unordered list [12] and check your page against it.
If you do not see the changes you made to your index.html file, go back to Notepad and be sure to Save. Once you are sure you saved your changes, come back to the browser and open or reload the index.html page.
Try changing the list in your index.html to an ordered list, then try a definition list. Here are variations of my index.html file using both types of lists:
The web wouldn't be the web if you couldn't go from one page to another. You do that via hypertext links. A web browser highlights text or images with color and/or underlines to indicate that it is a hypertext link (often shortened to hyperlink or just link).
The HTML tag for a hypertext link is , which stands for anchor. The anchor tag is useless without the href attribute that tells the browser where to actually go to find the link. To create a hypertext link in your document:
Let's say you wanted to create a hypertext link to the search engine Google. You would type this in your index.html file:
All you would see on the web page is the word Google and it would be in blue and underlined to signify that it is a link. What makes the word Google a link is the  tag with the href attribute that tells the link where to go.
So to create a hypertext link you do the following:
Okay, now let's add some hypertext links to the list we created in the previous session. On my page, I will have three links. Here is what the HTML code for the links will look like (I am retyping the list HTML code as well -- in my index.html file I will replace the current unlinked list with this new, hypertext linked list):
The HTML code will look like this in a web browser:
Save your file in Notepad and preview it in a web browser. Not bad, huh? Take a look at my index.html [19] file for reference and comparison.
Relative Paths Versus Absolute Paths
You don't always have to type http://www.address.com/blahblahblah [20] when creating a hypertext link. If you are linking to a file that is part of your own website, you can specify the relative path from the current document to the linked document.
This may seem like an abstract concept. But think about a local phone call and a long distance phone call. To make a local call, you simply punch in seven numbers, and that's it. For long distance, you need to punch in a 1, then an area code, then the seven digit phone number. A relative link is like the local phone number; you're dialing a local number, so the address is shorter. The absolute link is further away, so like a long distance call, it needs more information to make the connection.
Here's an example: a link to a file anaheim_branch.html located in a folder called branches inside my xyzlibrary folder on my computer would look like this:
This is a relative link because you are specifying the path to the linked file relative to the location of the current file. You can also use the absolute pathname (the complete URL) of the local file, but relative links are more efficient in accessing a server. They also have the advantage of making your documents more "portable" -- for instance, we are creating all the web pages for this course in one folder on our computers (remember mine? it's called xyzlibrary) -- using relative links to hyperlink one page to another, and then upload the entire folder of web pages to your server.
In general, you should use relative links whenever possible because:
You will notice that in the sample code I provided, there were only absolute hypertext links (remember, they all had http:// at the start of the A href tag). A website is made up of many pages, and we are creating the first page (sometimes called a "home page") for a website. You will probably have additional HTML files for other information, maybe a page with directions, or a page about services that your library provides. Those would be relative links, local phone calls versus long distance.
File and Folder Namimg
This is a good time to talk about file and folder names. Most servers (where your files will ultimately be kept) are case-sensitive where filenames are concerned, so you must be consistent when you use uppercase and lowercase file and folder names. Try to always use lowercase names for files and directories--it's easier to type! And don't put spaces in the file names:
Servers don't like spaces in file names and will ignore them. This can cause you much annoyance, so get into the habit now of never putting spaces in your web file and folder names.
A Shortcut for Creating New HTML Pages
Let's create some new pages for those relative links you want to add to your website. Here's a shortcut to creating new pages from scratch:
BE SURE to give the file a new name when using this procedure! If you forget, you may accidentally overwrite your index.html file!
You will also need to change the list code on the new files, as it will be different in content from your index.html file. Here are my two new files:
Open the View menu and select Source to see the HTML tags for these page(s).
Notice that I have changed the <TITLE></TITLE> and

 tags to reflect the new content (and also added new content!).
Now I need to add links to these new files in my index.html file:
Notice that the links for about.html and services.html don't have http://... in the hypertext link? They are relative links. The links to Google, WorldCat, and Yahoo! are absolute (they do have the http://...).
To change the background color, you need to add an attribute and a color value to the opening BODY tag (you never add an attribute to a closing tag!). Here is what the attribute looks like:
Here is what it looks like in the BODY tag:
The "#ffffff" value is a hex code. There are literally hundreds of possible hex codes you can apply to a background. Click here [24] to see some of the possibilities. "#ffffff" is the code for white, and you need to always use the "#" and enclose the hex code in quotations (it's a value of an attribute, remember).
This is a good time to put in a word about color choices. Subtle is good. You don't want to overwhelm people with your color choices, so bright yellow is probably not a good background color. Always preview your choices in a web browser!
There are more attributes we can put in the BODY tag that will affect the color of text and links on a web page. These attributes are:
The text attribute affects the color of regular text (text that is not linked) on a page. The link attribute affects the color of the linked text on a page (the default color for links is blue). The vlink attribute affects the color of links that have been visited on a web page (the default color for visited links is purple).
If I add these attributes to the BODY tag, it will look like this:

The background for the page will be white (the bgcolor attribute, "#ffffff" is the hex code for white), the text (the text value, "#000000", is the hex code for black) will be black, links (the link attribute) will be blue, and visited links (the vlink attribute) will be red.
Let's go ahead and add attributes to the BODY tag of our index.html file.
Not too tough, huh? But these BODY attributes affect all the text on a web page. What if you wanted control over the colors of specific pieces of text on your page? For that you need to learn about the FONT tag.
All text on a web page is in a font. A font is basically a text style. You know font faces by name: Arial, Courier, Times. Fonts also have sizes and colors. Your browser uses some default font settings: the default face is usually Times and the default size is 3, and the default color is black.
But the FONT tag allows you to override those defaults, and display text in special ways.
Here's an example from Webmonkey (an excellent HTML tutorial website from Wired magazine). Take the word:
If I do nothing to it, it is just plain black text, size 3. But if I add a FONT tag to it, and add the attributes color (use bgcolor only in the BODY tag) and size I can change the look of the word:
TECHNICOLOR
which looks like this in a web browser:
You notice that adding the size="5" attribute with value 5 made the text larger? Font sizes range from 1 to 6:
The face attribute is trickier; you should only use font faces that everybody has on their computers. Arial is a safe font face to use, and is very readable which makes it very popular. Courier and Times are also safe choices. You should stick with these font faces for now.
Here is an example of the FONT attributes color, size, and face in action:
which looks like this in a web browser (notice that I reduced the size of the font, and changed the face to a typewriter-like font face called Courier):
You could even make each letter in a word a distinct color:
T E C H N I C O L O R
which looks like this in a web browser:
If you use the FONT tag to assign colors, those colors will override any colors you assigned in the BODY tag.
Now let's add some font colors to the index.html page.
I am going to place it in my index.html file above the links to Google, etc. and here is what it will look like in a web browser:
After you have added these tags, be sure to save your file then preview it in a web browser. It looks like a real web page! Click here [25] to see my index.html file in its entirety. Notice that my background is now white, and the address text is green. If you click on a link and go back to my index.html page, you will see that the visited links are red. Remember, to see the code of my (or any) web page, open the View menu in your browser and select Source.
A web page without an image or two is liable to seem pretty dry and dull. Now that you have mastered lists and links, you are ready to dress your page up a bit. But before we move on to the HTML tags for adding images to web pages, we will need some images to work with, so first let's cover downloading and saving images from web pages.
The good news is that almost any image on the web can be saved to your hard drive. The bad news is that you need to be careful, as many images on the web are the property of the web page designers and they may get very upset if people start stealing their images willy-nilly. There are plenty of free web image libraries on the web (here is a good link [26] for library-related graphics, it's also on the Helpful Links page). On these sorts of sites, it is perfectly okay to download the images. All of the images I have provided in this tutorial are freely available for use by everyone.
Before we get down to saving some images, let's create a folder to put them in. Since the images are going to be used with my index.html file, I want the images folder to be near the index.html file on my computer. So I am going to create a folder inside my xyzlibrary folder called images. To do this:
Mac users: You can do the same thing, just use the Control key rather than the right mouse button.
Now we are ready to get down to business. To save an image, just right-click on it:
When you right-click on this image, a menu of choices will pop up (Mac users: just click and hold on an image to see the menu of choices). To save the image to your computer, select Save Image As. In the Save dialog box, point to the images directory that you created in the previous section. You can keep the image name, or change it in the File Name box then click the Save button.
If you change the file name, be sure to keep the same file extension that it had on the web. All images for use on the web will be in one of two formats: .gif or .jpg (sometimes you will see .jpeg - it's the same kind of file, it just has a slightly different extension). These formats (.gif and .jpg) are not interchangeable. If a file started life as a GIF file, it has to stay a GIF file. Image formats like .bmp will NOT work on the web.
Here are a few more images for you to practice saving to your computer:
Okay, now we have some images! Let's move on to placing an image in a web page.
To add an image to a web page, you need to know the following tag:
IMG is the tag and src is an attribute, but src must always be used with the IMG tag. As is usual with tags and attributes, there must always be a space between IMG and src, and the image file name must be in quotations as it is a value. There are some important additional attributes for the IMG tag:
The align attribute tells the web page where to put the image in relation to the text it is near, based on the value you specify. So:
would look like this on a web page:
Once upon a time in a galaxy far, far away there were three bears.
Note that the image is to the left of the text.
If you type:
it would look like this:
Once upon a time in a galaxy far, far away there were three bears.
Note that the image is now located to the right of the text.
If you type:
it would look like this:
Once upon a time in a galaxy far, far away there were three bears.
Now the image is centered vertically with the text.
The last attribute is alt and it is in many ways the most important attribute. ALT stands for alternate text, and you use it to describe your images for people who can't see them. So when, say, a blind person reaches your web page, and the text of the page is read to them by a screen reader, the alt text you provide will describe the image that they can't see to them. You should always provide alt text for your images. If we add alt text to the example above, it would look like this:
The alt text should be brief and descriptive. The alt attribute has no effect on the physical appearance of the image. If you are using a graphic as spacing or decoration only (it has no real meaning on the page) you should use the alt attribute with what is called a null value: alt="". Screen readers skip over these tags altogether, which makes it much easier for the user listening to the screen reader.
Now let's put this new knowledge to work on your index.html file. For the following example code, I am going to put an image called reads.gif that is located in the folder images in my index.html file.
My HTML code now looks like this:
When previewed in a web browser my page now looks like this:
Now try changing the alignment of the image. Use align="left" then save and preview the file in your web browser.
It should look like this:
An image can be a hypertext link just like text can.
Let's add a hypertext link to the Library of Congress to the America Reads at the Library image by adding the following example code:
This code will look like this in a web browser:
Notice that the image is now a link (put your mouse on the image and watch it turn into a hand). The HTML code for a hypertext link is the same whether you use text or an image as the link.
Take a look at my index.html [31] file to see these tags in action. To view the HTML code for a web page, click the View menu and choose Source (this works for most web browsers, the wording may vary slightly).
You can align text left, right, or center. To do this, you use the attribute align. This attribute can be applied to HEADING tags, PARAGRAPH tags, or DIV tags. The DIV tag makes parts of a page look a certain way, but doesn't change spacing like the
 tag. Use the

 tag in place of the  tag.
Here are possible combinations for the
 tag:
Here are possible combinations for a heading:
Here are possible combinations for the
 tag:
Use the DIV tag as you would the CENTER tag (it is the more accepted method).
This paragraph is an example of align="right".
This paragraph is an example of align="center".
Okay, let's go back to the index.html file and center the
 tag (and adjust the alignment of any other text you like).
Now your opening
 tag should look like this:

Take a look at my file [32] if you want to make sure you're doing this correctly.
There are a few things that you should put on your main (home) page regardless:
Take a look at my index.html [33] file to see all of this in action.
Notice that I made the update information at the bottom a smaller font size? This is common practice when you are adding "small print" text -- it isn't the most important information on the web page, so you make it smaller. People's eyes are attracted to the larger text first.
Notice that the update information is sitting to the right of the graphic? It would look better flush to the left. To do that, you need to learn an attribute for the BR (line break) tag:

Here is my file [33] before I used the
 tag, and here it is after [34] I used the
 tag.
Now here's a list of things to avoid:
We need to add one last bit of coding to our web pages. This is the DOCTYPE tag, and tells web browsers what sort of web page you have created. The tag for our pages looks like this:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd [37]">
What this says to web browsers is that this is a World Wide Web Consortium-okay document that is using HTML 4.01 transitional coding. You can copy and paste this into your index.html, as well as any other pages you may have created. It goes at the very top of your file, above the opening HTML tag. See my index.html [38] file for an example.
As you write HTML code, you will make mistakes -- everybody does. That is why there are HTML Validators (or checkers). They look at your HTML code and find errors like missing or misplaced tags.
To check your index.html file, you will use W3C HTML Validation Service because it will check the HTML code for files that are on your local computer.
Congratulations! You now have an error free web page!
Checking for Accessibility
Another issue to think about when you build web pages is accessibility. Special needs users may not be able to see pictures on your pages, or may use special web browsers that don't display code the way most web browsers do. You should be designing pages that can be used by everybody.
To read more about current standards and how to make your pages accessible, check out the Usability.gov website [40]. You will find useful links to design guidelines, checklists, and advice on what you can do to your pages to make them more accessible.
1. DO Learn Basic HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language)
There's no such thing as WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) in HTML. Every browser interprets HTML in a slightly different or outdated fashion. Many users of HTML assistants or editors are stunned when they find out their web pages appear different or even garbled when viewed by a different browser.
2. Design for the user!
Designing for the user means that the pages you design will be accessible and easily navigated by the user. When users look at your page they will develop the use model of your page from what they see. If you did your job well, they will be able to navigate and locate the information they desire with ease.
3. Validate your HTML
How to validate - We suggest using the following site:
< !DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd [46]" >
4. Check your pages in as many browsers as possible
At a minimum, check with MSIE, Netscape, Firefox, and Lynx (a non-graphical browser and useful for simulating what a person having a web page read to them with text-reading software would "see").
To check with Lynx from the web, go to - lynx me [47] at: ugweb.cs.ualberta.ca/~gerald/lynx-me.cgi
5. Know the  tag
Always use ALT
Use WIDTH and HEIGHT
How the tag would look -
Avoid "Coming Soon" and "Under Construction" signs
When something is "published" for the web it isn't static. It can be changed any time to add or update information. This is the power of the web. Indicating that things may change is only stating the obvious. On the other hand, when you put pages up they should be correct, with all links working. Anything less is like printing a book with pages missing, the user is not getting what you have promised. If you do use "Coming Soon," make sure to include a date.
Click here - assumes that everyone is using a mouse with their browser.
Don't use Header tags to change font size
This confuses adaptive technology and indexing software.
Headers -
text
 through
text
 should be used in order - not
 then
 then
. Again, it confuses other software that uses your page.
If you want to control font size, use the font size=n tag - with n being 1 through 7 - 1 = smallest and 7 = largest and 3 = the base size. They aren't seen by some other browsers, but it doesn't hurt them.
For example:
Infopeople =Infopeople.
Infopeople = Infopeople.
You can also use the size tags <BIG> & . These are now used by Netscape 2.0 and up and will be the standard as newer versions of browsers implement them.
For example:
<BIG>Infopeople</BIG> = Infopeople. This is cumulative, so
<BIG><BIG>Infopeople</BIG></BIG> = Infopeople
Infopeople = Infopeople. This is cumulative, so
Infopeople = Infopeople
Physical character highlighting
Use the tags:
 for bold and
 for italic.
Paragraphs

In certain contexts, use of
 should be avoided, such as directly before any other element which already implies a paragraph break.
To wit, the
 element should not be placed before
, etc., HR, ADDRESS, BLOCKQUOTE, or PRE elements.
It should also not be placed before or after a list element.
That is, a
 should not be used to mark the end-of-text for
,
 or
. These elements already imply paragraph breaks.
While it is true that all of the entities mentioned above imply a paragraph break, this only occasionally means that they also imply white space between sections -- this depends on the browser. So, an alternative is to use the
 tag. In Netscape multiple instances of
 will create multiple line spaces.
Don't use the Netscapism  tag
Use

,

, etc. rather than
We recommend surrounding a table with

Directory Reference Errors
It is possible to request an index of a directory from an HTTP server. The typical response from the server is to either return a pre-generated index document (which is often the document "index.html" in the referenced directory), or to construct an HTML document on the fly which contains a listing of all files in the directory. However, when making such a directory reference, it is important to make sure to have a trailing slash on the URL. That is, if you were to request the index of Infopeople's directory of HTML documentation, you would want to refer to it as
not as
infopeople.org (missing the end )
Many servers are able to catch these errors, and provide redirection to the proper URL, but it's best to get the URL right in the first place -- notably because not all browsers support transparent redirection. Also, getting this correct the first time means it will take less time for the page to be loaded; your readers won't have to wait through the time needed to open two (or more) HTTP connections.
Missing quotes in start tags
This reference to the Cerritos Public Library Home Page should look like:

but people composing "raw" HTML from a text editor will often instead type:
 (missing the end ")
The behavior of browsers upon encountering this varies -- some display a proper link, but you can't follow it, while others actually eat up huge portions of the following text, thinking everything up until the next quotation mark to be part of the URL.
Missed end tags
Many of the HTML elements contain information within them. For example, emphasized text would be rendered as emphasized text. There is a start tag (), some content (which may include text, and in some cases, other nested elements), and an end tag (, indicated by the /). A common mistake is to miss the / in the end tag.
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. You have created a web page that currently lives on your hard drive or maybe on a floppy disk. To let the world see your web page, you need to move it to a remote computer that will host your page and give it an address (something like this: http://www.library.org/services/library.html [48]).
FTP is like a mailman in that it takes your file from your local computer and delivers the file to the host computer (this is called uploading), and it can do the reverse as well: it can deliver files to your local computer from a remote computer (this is called downloading).
You will need some FTP software to act as your mailman. A free Windows FTP program is called Core FTP. For Mac users there are two very nice shareware FTP programs called Fetch and Transmit.
The following links will take you to information on using these applications:
You have now reached the end of this tutorial. Congratulations!
You may find this webliography on creating web pages [6] useful as you strike out on your own. Good luck!
Survival Spanish for Library Staff was an all-day workshop Infopeople developed to provide library staff with basic skills for communicating with Spanish-speaking patrons.
Now the essential words and phrases taught in the workshop have been integrated into easy to digest MP3 files that are structured so that you can practice at your own pace, whenever you want, for as long as you want! These tracks are designed for individual use, but are suitable for group practice, too!
Download and print the script [52] (11-page PDF file) then follow along listening to the MP3 tracks on this page. You can also download a zipped file [53] that contains all of the MP3 files and the PDF script (zipped file size 62MB) for listening at a later time on the player of your choice.
Another great option you can try is Mango Language's free Spanish for Librarians [54] tutorial.
Common patron questions followed by 1 or 2 possible answers; Tracks 31-41
[1] https://www.infopeople.org/content/introduction-html
[2] http://www.learnthenet.com/index.php/index.html
[3] http://tech.tln.lib.mi.us/tutor/
[4] https://www.infopeople.org/content/survival-spanish-library-staff
[5] http://case.edu/utech/help/webglossary.html
[6] https://www.infopeople.org/content/webliography-creating-web-pages
[7] http://www.w3.org/WWW/
[8] http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/
[9] https://www.infopeople.org/saving
[10] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/all/files/webhtml/index1.html
[11] https://www.infopeople.org/lists
[12] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/all/files/webhtml/index2.html
[13] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/default/files/index3.html
[14] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/default/files/index4.html
[15] http://www.google.com/
[16] http://www.worldcat.org/
[17] http://www.yahoo.com/
[18] https://www.yahoo.com/
[19] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/all/files/webhtml/index5.html
[20] http://www.address.com/blahblahblah
[21] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/default/files/about.html
[22] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/default/files/services.html
[23] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/default/files/index6_0.html
[24] http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/reference/color_codes/
[25] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/all/files/webhtml/index8.html
[26] http://www.ssdesign.com/librarypr/toolbox.html
[27] https://www.infopeople.org/saving_your_work
[28] http://www.lii.org/
[29] http://www.loc.gov/
[30] http://www.loc.gov/index.html
[31] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/all/files/webhtml/index10.html
[32] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/all/files/webhtml/index13.html
[33] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/default/files/index12.html
[34] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/default/files/index14.html
[35] https://www.wired.com/webmonkey/teachingtool/mailto.html
[36] http://www.keynote.com
[37] http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd
[38] https://www.infopeople.org/sites/all/files/webhtml/index15.html
[39] http://validator.w3.org/
[40] https://www.usability.gov/index.html
[41] http://case.edu/utech/help/Help_www2.html
[42] http://www.cwru.edu/help/introHTML/toc.html
[43] http://www.ericmeyeroncss.com/links/
[44] http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/
[45] http://www.htmlhelp.com/tools/validator/doctype.html
[46] http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd
[47] http://ugweb.cs.ualberta.ca/%7Egerald/lynx-me.cgi
[48] http://www.library.org/services/library.html
[49] http://www.wsftple.com/
[50] http://www.coreftp.com/
[51] https://www.panic.com/transmit/
[52] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/ssls_script.pdf
[53] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/survivalspanish.zip
[54] http://mangolanguages.com/libraries/spanish-librarians/
[55] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/01_Welcome.mp3
[56] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/02_Basic_Vocabulary.mp3
[57] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/03_Locations_Directions.mp3
[58] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/04_Practice_Review.mp3
[59] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/05_Practice_Review2.mp3
[60] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/06_Practice_Review3.mp3
[61] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/07_Water_Fountain.mp3
[62] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/08_Months_Dates.mp3
[63] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/09_Days_of_Week.mp3
[64] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/10_Numbers_1-10.mp3
[65] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/11_Numbers_11-19.mp3
[66] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/12_Numbers_20-31.mp3
[67] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/13_How_to_Say_Dates.mp3
[68] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/14_Courtesy_Phrases.mp3
[69] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/15_More_Courtesy_Phrases.mp3
[70] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/16_Communication_Phrases.mp3
[71] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/17_Circulation_Phrases.mp3
[72] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/18_Library_Cards.mp3
[73] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/19_Library_Cards2.mp3
[74] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/20_Library_Cards3.mp3
[75] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/21_Checking_Material_Out.mp3
[76] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/22_Returning_Material.mp3
[77] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/23_Renewing_Material.mp3
[78] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/24_Holds.mp3
[79] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/25_Fines.mp3
[80] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/26_Common_Computer_Terms.mp3
[81] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/27_Public_Computer_Phrases.mp3
[82] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/28_Public_Computer_Phrases2.mp3
[83] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/29_Public_Computer_Phrases3.mp3
[84] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/30_Public_Computer_Phrases4.mp3
[85] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/31_CommonQuestions_LibraryCards.mp3
[86] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/32_CommonQuestions-BorroweditemLimits.mp3
[87] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/33_CommonQuestions-CheckoutTimeLimits.mp3
[88] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/34_CommonQuestions-ServiceFees.mp3
[89] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/35_CommonQuestions-ReplacingLibraryCards.mp3
[90] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/36_CommonQuestions-ReservingMaterials.mp3
[91] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/37_CommonQuestions-PublicCatalog.mp3
[92] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/38_CommonQuestions-BooksonEnglish.mp3
[93] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/39_CommonQuestions-Bathrooms.mp3
[94] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/40_CommonQuestions-CopierLocation.mp3
[95] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/41_CommonQuestions-Photocopies.mp3
[96] http://ifpmedia.org/survivalspanish/42_Closing.mp3


text:
TSA nominee: Global warming deserves parity with war on terror
posted at 11:36 am on January 11, 2010 by Ed Morrissey
David Freddoso thinks the takeaway from this interview of Errol Southers, the embattled Obama nominee to run TSA, is his observation that our alliance with Israel is the reason for the acts of terrorism against the US. VideoJug asked Southers where the US should prioritize the war on terror, and he offered a few more thoughts than just about alliances:
"Due to connectivity that we have with countries such as Israel, France — countries that are seen by groups, by al Qaeda, as infidels or anti-Islamic — by the true nature of our alliance with them means that we subject to be attacked as well. I do think, however, it deserves to perhaps have some parity with global warming, with education, with the economy, but national security is always going to supercede everything else. I don't think you can have all of those other entities flourish in a state where the security is not felt to be confident, comfortable, and intact."
Until he got to priority parity, I think Southers did OK. After all, we know that radical Islamists hate Israel and attack us for our alliance with them. That's hardly news, and Southers didn't say that in terms of reassessing our alliance — just that we need to recognize that the alliance makes us a target, and we need to act accordingly. He didn't try offering the detention center at Guantanamo Bay as a reason the radical Islamists hate us, for example. Maybe he should sit down and have a chat with his boss about that.
However, should a TSA nominee really argue that global warming deserves the same amount of attention and prioritization as the war on terror? Even if we weren't having a record "cold snap" this winter, the notion that terrorism poses the same or lesser danger than AGW will strike most Americans as ludicrous. The only reason Southers sees for not granting AGW the same priority as terrorism is that a nation that doesn't feel secure won't take anything else seriously. That's a point Southers should have considered before making that foolish statement.
Try asking anyone traveling over the next few weeks whether they think AGW is as high a priority as keeping the next EunuchBomber from actually detonating something more than his own nuts, and see whether they agree with Southers.
Update: Erick Erickson catches another part of the interview where Southers identifies what he sees as the biggest security threat:
But now there is new and far more troubling information about Mr. Southers caught on video. According to Erroll Southers, pro-life Christians and our support of Jews is a bigger threat to national security than Al Qaeda.
Mr. Southers, in 2008, said he was more worried about "Christian identity" terrorist groups inside the U.S. than islamic terrorists. What are "Christian identity" terrorist groups? White-supremacists naturally. The KKK. And the Southern Baptist Convention.
Southers identifies pro-life groups and anti-government activists as particular problems.
To be fair, the question was posed as "which home-grown terrorist groups present the greatest danger to the US". I'm not sure one can fault him for the answer in that context. The "anti-abortion" comment does seem gratuitous, however, considering the rest of the qualifiers Southers uses which reflect poisonous ideology: xenophobes, anti-Semitic, anti-government.
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- guitar tuner for acoustic guitar

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Daniel M. Shea
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text:
Pat Shipman
The question of the nature of violence has been forcibly brought to my mind lately. It is not a thing I enjoy thinking about. Terrorist acts designed to hurt and terrify the ordinary populace of a region make no sense. Wanting to commit such acts of violence seems unimaginable; wanting to do so badly enough to spend years in preparation defies comprehension. Try as I might, I cannot put myself in the mind of someone who hates so deeply and thoroughly that he aspires to murder thousands of innocent people. I cannot understand.
Because I am trained as an anthropologist, I cannot help but take an evolutionary perspective in my drive to understand, to find some meaning in these events, or some logic, however warped. Why did our species evolve such a terrible capacity for violence? Is a propensity for violence against our own kind genetic? Are human beings irrevocably "ugly" apes? And how can someone disconnect so utterly from our species that a political or religious ideal seems more valuable than the lives of others? Even when the acts of a person or group seem incomprehensible, the anthropologist in me is reminded that these are indeed the acts of my species, the one to which I belong, the one whose evolutionary history I attempt to study and know.
We can say a few basic things about our primal selves. Human beings are fundamentally primates, and primates are fundamentally prey (rather than predator) species. We started our evolutionary life as beings who were neither very large nor particularly ferocious, who fed mostly on plants and looked over our shoulders in fear at every rustle in the tall grass or shadow in the sky. For millions of years, our ancestors were far more worried about being eaten than about killing something to eat, which came later. We clung together in social groups for mutual protection and aid. Knowing who is kin, knowing who is in your social group, has a deep importance to prey species like us. We need to know whose alarm call is meant for us, who might aid us in time of need, who is looking out for us. There is a life-and-death urgency about being social, about knowing your own group and sticking close to it.
This is why people do not, in the general course of things, live alone. The stories of those few individuals who find themselves without kin, without a hint of a social group, have become classics. One known to every beginning student of anthropology is the story of Ishi, the last member of a tribe of California Indians who finally, in despair, stumbled into a farm in a rural area. Imagine his plight. Imagine having no one in the world who could speak your language, no one who had any social obligations or blood relations to you, no one who cared if you lived or died, no one who knew you existed. Such aloneness is horrifying.
I would like to say that people helped Ishi and made a place in the world for him, but it was a poor imitation of a kin group. Anthropologists were found who could speak languages related to Ishi's, so that in time he could communicate with others. He was given food and clothing and a place to live, which was for years the anthropology museum at the University of California, Berkeley, where he demonstrated his native arts and was intensively interviewed by anthropologists. Sadly, I do not think he ever loved again or was loved again. And the pity and empathy we feel for Ishi and others like him shows us how much we need those comforts of love, family, social group and safety. These are not optional luxuries, they are the stuff of survival.
With this evolutionary background, how are we to understand a group of people who share no empathy for us and find it acceptable—maybe even admirable—to bring fear and suffering to people throughout our land? These terrorists have erected a barrier between Us and Them and declared there will be no talking, no trading, no communication and no mercy across this barrier.
But why? Why have they cut Us off from Them, or themselves off from us? Why have they rejected our common humanity—and in favor of what? These are hard questions that I must ponder for the rest of my life.
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The purpose of the Financial Aid Office is to assist students and families in understanding the financial aid process and to help them find ways to fund their education at PHC. We are committed to working with students and families to help make one of the nation's finest classical Christian liberal arts educations affordable. Bill Kellaris, the Director of Financial Aid, oversees the College's financial aid program. He works with prospective and current students and their families to provide counsel concerning the financial aid process, including eligibility requirements for merit and need-based scholarships. The College awards nearly $3,000,000 in financial assistance annually to help qualified students attend PHC.
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Whether you're interested in finding out more about merit-based scholarships or need-based scholarships, we can help you to determine your eligibility and guide you through the application process. And if PHC's financial aid offerings don't meet your full need, we can provide information on how to find private funds.
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The PROFILE® does not have to be submitted by the Priority Deadline. PHC's deadline for submitting the PROFILE® is June 15, 2017.
As a matter of institutional conviction, Patrick Henry College operates on the basis of two guiding financial principles: first, the College is committed to operating without debt, adding new facilities and programs only as funds are raised; second, the College is governed by its Board of Trustees according to its Fundamental Statements and will not accept any funding, private or governmental, which includes terms which supersede the Board's authority or conflict with these Fundamental Statements.
In order to safeguard our distinctly Christian worldview, we do not accept or participate in government funding. We believe such financial independence is a critical component of a Patrick Henry College education. As a result, the U.S. Department of Education (USDE) federal grant and loan programs, ROTC funds, G.I. Bill funds, and State funds, are not available to PHC students and their families. However, we are confident that our wide range of financial aid options can help bring one of the nation's finest classical, Christian liberal arts educations within the reach of students from many financial backgrounds.
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To be eligible for financial aid, a student must be admitted to the College as a degree seeking student. Financial aid is available on a pro-rated basis for part-time degree seeking students as long as the student is registered for six or more credits in the Fall and Spring semesters or three or more credits in the Summer term. As a condition of receiving financial aid, students agree that the College may publicize the individual successes achieved by students to promote the College to potential students and donors. PHC refrains from such promotion if it would jeopardize in any way a student's career opportunities, such as those in national security or related fields. Financial aid is awarded in the form of merit-based scholarships and need-based scholarships.
Upon admission to the College, students will automatically be evaluated for the Patrick Henry Scholarship, Leadership Scholarships and the Faculty Awarded Scholarships. Formal applications are required solely for the J.S. Bach Music Scholarship and the Forensic Scholarship. Please see the individual scholarship listing for application and deadline details.
Merit-based scholarships are determined by performance indicators including: test scores, student writing skills, leadership experience, references, and personal interviews. Continued eligibility requires a minimum cumulative grade point average of 3.0 or higher depending upon the renewability requirements of the scholarship. Merit scholarships are awarded to incoming students and are renewed annually if a student remains eligible.
Students seeking need-based financial aid are required to complete the College Board CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE®. The code number assigned to Patrick Henry College by College Board is 2804. Detailed information can be found on the College Board PROFILE page. The Financial Aid Office will occasionally request additional information from the student before making an award.
Need-based aid decisions will be made based on the PROFILE Financial Need Analysis Report using the College's need-based formula. Continued eligibility for financial aid requires a minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.0. All need-based scholarships will be evaluated annually and must be applied for annually using the PROFILE® to calculate expected family contribution.
PHC's PROFILE® deadline for Fall 2017 enrollment is June 15, 2017. Students that do not submit the PROFILE® by this date may not be eligible for need-based aid.
All students are encouraged to seek private sources of scholarships. Homeschool support groups, a parent's place of employment, private foundations, and individuals are potential private sources of financial aid. With the permission of the student and parents, Patrick Henry College will release application and financial aid information to these private organizations.
Patrick Henry College is neutral in regard to students borrowing to pay for educational expenses. The College recognizes that this is a personal decision that must be made by each student and his family.


text: As we discussed last month, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) should prevent burglars and trespassers from entering your facility in the first place. Using sensors, these systems are sensitive to sound, vibration, motion, or a change in capacitance due to penetration of an electrostatic field. Some also sense when someone breaks an electrical circuit or interrupts a light beam.Understanding how the


text:
Showered with Confetti
Last Updated: March 25, 2014 at 12:52 pm
Megan and Benjie's 60 guests traveled from all over the world to join the wedding celebration. They showered the newlyweds with confetti during the recessional.
Photo by Julie Saad Photography
Venue: Cabanas La Luna
Flowers by Pentaflor Event & Flower Design


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75 Quotes on Love, Marriage and Relationships
You don't love a woman because she is beautiful, but she is beautiful because you love her. - Anonymous
But the most exciting, challenging and significant relationship of all is the one you have with yourself. And if you find someone to love the you that you love, well, that's just fabulous. - Carrie,
Sex and the City
If I get married, I want to be very married. - Audrey Hepburn
Love is more than three words mumbled before bedtime. Love is sustained by action, a pattern of devotion in the things we do for each other every day. - Nicholas Sparks
The best thing to hold onto in life is each other. - Audrey Hepburn
That's my sweetheart in there. Wherever she is, that's where my home is. - Duke,
The Notebook
A successful marriage requires falling in love many times, always with the same person. - Mignon McLaughlin
A kiss is a lovely trick designed by nature to stop speech when words become superfluous. - Ingrid Bergman
A woman in love can't be reasonable - or she probably wouldn't be in love. - Mae West
Love is all you need. - The Beatles
You, yourself, as much as anybody in the entire universe, deserve your love and affection. - Buddha
It's always better when we're together, somewhere in between together. - Jack Johnson
Till I loved I never lived—enough. - Emily Dickenson
Wise men say only fools rush in. But I can't help falling in love with you. -Elvis Presley
At last my love has come along. My lonely days are over and life is like a song. - Etta James
Love doesn't make the world go round, love is what makes the ride worthwhile. - Elizabeth Browning
Always remember this: 'A kiss will never miss, and after many kisses a miss becomes a misses. - John Lennon
I got gaps; you got gaps; we fill each other's gaps. - Rocky Balboa,
What counts in making a happy marriage is not so much how compatible you are, but how you deal with incompatibility. - Leo Tolstoy
True love doesn't come to you. It has to be inside you. - Julia Roberts
Marriage, ultimately, is the practice of becoming passionate friends. - Harville Hendrix
My wife tells me that if I ever decide to leave, she is coming with me. - Jon BonJovi
Sexiness wears thin after a while and beauty fades, but to be married to a man who makes you laugh every day, ah, now that's a real treat. - Joanne Woodward
A happy marriage has in it all the pleasures of friendships, all the enjoyment of sense and reason - and indeed all the sweets of life. - Joseph Addison
Attraction is not a choice. - David DeAngelo
The first duty of love is to listen. - Paul Tillich
Marriage is not just spiritual communion, it is also remembering to take out the trash. - Joyce Brothers
A career is a wonderful thing, but you can't snuggle up to it at night. - Marilyn Monroe
We don't love qualities, we love persons; sometimes by reason of their defects as well as of their qualities. - Jacques Maritain
My idea of heaven is a great big baked potato and someone to share it with. - Oprah Winfrey
A soulmate marriage does not at all mean that you have found someone you match up with on all the cards – on all the issues, on everything. That would be the most deadly dull thing to even imagine. Instead, it means...they don't ever want to blow out that little light inside you. And you feel the same way about them. - Diane Sollee
Any man who can drive safely while kissing a pretty girl is simply not giving the kiss the attention it deserves. - Albert Einstein
I think men who have a pierced ear are better prepared for marriage. They've experienced pain and bought jewelry. - Rita Rudner
You will find as you look back upon your life that the moments that stand out, the moments when you have really lived, are the moments when you have done things in the spirit of love. - Henry Drummond
You give because you love and cannot help giving. - Katherine Hepburn
So much of the satisfaction in life is in taking a risk for the things you love. - Rod MacIver
Today's the day we'll say 'I Do' and we'll never be lonely anymore. - The Dixie Cups
When a man loves a woman, can't keep his mind on nothin' else. He'd trade the world for the good thing he's found. - Percy Sledge
Love has no awareness of merit or demerit; it has no scale... Love loves; this is its nature. - Howard Thurman
I love you, in a really, really big pretend to like your taste in music, let you eat the last piece of cheesecake, hold a radio over my head outside your window, unfortunate way that makes me hate you, love you. So pick me, choose me, love me. - Meredith Grey,
Grey's Anatomy
Being married is like having a color television set. You never want to go back to black and white. - Danny Perosa
There is no more lovely, friendly and charming relationship, communion or company than a good marriage. - Martin Luther
If you're in love, show me! - My Fair Lady
I love you not for who you are, but because of who I am when I am with you. - Roy Croft
The best romance is inside marriage; the finest love stories come after the wedding, not before. - Irving Stone
I married the first man I ever kissed. When I tell this to my children they just about throw up. - Barbara Bush
Having someone wonder where you are when you don't come home at night is a very old human need. -Margaret Mead
We cannot really love anybody without whom we never laugh. - Alice Reppler
Love is friendship set on fire. - unknown
You come to love not by finding the perfect person, but by seeing an imperfect person perfectly. - Sam Keen
And in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you make. - John Lennon and Paul McCartney
We never forget those who make us blush. - Jean-François De La Harpe
We are all mortal until the first kiss and the second glass of wine. - Eduardo Galeano
Kisses are a better fate than wisdom. - e.e. cummings
I believe that two people are connected at the heart, and it doesn't matter what you do, or who you are or where you live; there are no boundaries or barriers if two people are destined to be together. - Julia Roberts
You know you're in love when you can't fall asleep because reality is finally better than you dreams. - Dr. Seuss
And we were dressed from head to toe in love...the only label that never goes out of style. -
Sex and the City
Don't smother each other. No one can grow in the shade. - Leo Buscaglia
Anyone can be passionate, but it takes real lovers to be silly. - Rose Franken
When you have seen as much of life as I have, you will not underestimate the power of obsessive love. - J.K. Rowling
I like her because she smiles at me and means it. - Tas Soft Wind
I carry your heart (I carry it in my heart) - e.e. cummings
Sometimes if you're lucky, someone comes into your life who'll take up a place in your heart that no one else can fill, someone who's tighter than a twin, more with you than your own shadow, who gets deeper under your skin than your own blood and bones. - Snoop Dog
No road is long with good company. -Turkish Proverb
Falling in love is the beginning of all wisdom, all sympathy, all compassion, all art, all religion; and in its' larger sense is the one thing in life worth doing. - Elbert Hubbard
Love is everything it's cracked up to be. It really is worth fighting for, being brave for, risking everything for. - Erica Jong
What is right for one couple is wrong for another. I would say that there are many more important factors to a happy marriage. - Elizabeth Aston
That is what marriage really means; helping one another to reach the full status of being persons, responsible and autonomous beings who do not run away from life. - Paul Tournier
Ever thine. Ever mine. Ever ours. - Ludwig van Beethoven
When you love someone, all your saved-up wishes start coming out. - Elizabeth Bowen
The most important ingredient we put into any relationship is not what we say or what we do, but what we are. - Stephen R. Covey
You can't stay mad at somebody who makes you laugh. - Jay Leno
I love that feeling of being in love, the effect of having butterflies when you wake up in the morning. That is special. - Jennifer Aniston
To the world you may just be one person, but to one person you may be the world. - Brandi Snyder
For marriage to be a success, every woman and every man should have her and his own bathroom. The end. - Catherine Zeta Jones


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International meeting of supercomputing scientists in Fairbanks
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 17, 2011
Fairbanks, Alaska—More than 100 scientists, technical experts and users of high-performance computing (HPC) resources will gather in Fairbanks May 23 – 26 for the 53rd meeting of the Cray User Group. The CUG 2011 conference will bring together owners and operators of Cray supercomputers to discuss how to improve the performance of supercomputing machines and HPC applications to advance scientific discovery and economic success.
Keynote speaker at CUG 2011 is David Newman, professor of physics at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Newman is also the director of the Center for Complex Systems Studies at UAF where the focus of his physics research includes a fundamental understanding of turbulence and turbulent transport. According to Newman, the issues involved in this have underpinned a number of "Grand Challenge" scale problems from climate to plasmas. Newman's work at ARSC includes modeling the dynamics of complex systems such as the power transmission grid and communications.
Before coming to UAF, Newman was selected as a Wigner Fellow at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, where he was a research scientist from 1993-1998. In 1997, he was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers.
UAF associate professor of mathematics Ed Bueler is scheduled to talk with conference participants about the need for physics-based models that connect warming in the Polar Regions to the behavior of ice sheets, especially their contribution to sea levels worldwide. According to Bueler, models that connect hard-to-observe local processes to global flow consequences are not as mature as for other climate components.
Bueler will discuss the UAF-developed Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) that is already being recognized internationally for its value in helping to better predict the rate at which ice covering Greenland (and Antarctica) is changing, and its effects on sea levels globally.
Also expected to address the conference, which takes place at the Westmark Hotel, are Cray Inc. President and CEO Peter Ungaro, and current Cray User Group board president Nicholas P. Cardo with the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at California's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
"CUG 2011 will be a rewarding, educational and memorable experience for all attendees and their families, many of which will be visiting Alaska for the first time," said Liam Forbes, ARSC HPC systems analyst and current CUG board secretary. Forbes received his bachelor's degree in computer science from UAF in 1995, the same year a paper he co-authored earned the highest ranking in the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics International Mathematical Contest in Modeling. He began working at ARSC in 1995 and in 1998, received his master's degree in computer science from UAF.
"The CUG 2011 program committee has assembled a diverse and impressive array of detail-packed presentations as parallel technical sessions, tutorials, and Special Interest Group (SIG) meetings," said Forbes.
The technical program includes many talks encompassing all aspects of Cray HPC systems, from management to taking full advantage of the newest Cray XE-6 architecture. A number of talks will highlight the improvements and benefits of the XE-6 to the scientific community, including a presentation by ARSC on recent successes in pushing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to more than one billion grid points. ARSC recently tested the model on a real-world weather scenario over the North Pacific and Arctic, providing 1-kilometer horizontal resolution over the entire region.
ARSC previously hosted the CUG conference in 1995. Since ARSC's first compute cycles were realized in 1993, the staff at ARSC have established a reputation for outstanding service in all aspects of high-performance computing, massive data storage and network support. During that time, ARSC has also been actively engaged with University of Alaska research, leveraging the support of the U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program to serve multiple communities, and provide bridges between them.
ARSC is currently transitioning from a DoD Supercomputing Resource Center to supercomputing unit at UAF designed specifically to meet academic and research needs of university staff, faculty and students. UAF has created continuing staff positions, which augment positions funded through external grants and contracts, to sustain ARSC's service to the university and broader constituencies.
CONTACT: Barbara Horner-Miller, ARSC associate director and CUG 2011 local arrangements chair (907) 450-8629 or firstname.lastname@example.com or Liam Forbes, ARSC HPC systems analyst and CUG board secretary (907) 450-8618 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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100 Days Presser: Flubbing Churchill
posted at 12:14 pm on April 30, 2009 by Ed Morrissey
Last night, Jake Tapper asked Barack Obama about enhanced interrogation techniques, and Obama firmly stated that he thinks waterboarding is torture — although he doesn't apparently want to pursue the matter any further now after it blew up in his and Nancy Pelosi's faces. In support of that position, Obama quoted Winston Churchill to show that a national leader facing possible annihilation can take a strong stand against torture and prevail anyway:
Q: Thank you, Mr. President. You've said in the past that waterboarding, in your opinion, is torture. Torture is a violation of international law and the Geneva Conventions. Do you believe that the previous administration sanctioned torture?
OBAMA: What I've said — and I will repeat — is that waterboarding violates our ideals and our values. I do believe that it is torture. I don't think that's just my opinion; that's the opinion of many who've examined the topic. And that's why I put an end to these practices.
I am absolutely convinced it was the right thing to do, not because there might not have been information that was yielded by these various detainees who were subjected to this treatment, but because we could have gotten this information in other ways, in ways that were consistent with our values, in ways that were consistent with who we are.
I was struck by an article that I was reading the other day talking about the fact that the British during World War II, when London was being bombed to smithereens, had 200 or so detainees. And Churchill said, "We don't torture," when the entire British — all of the British people were being subjected to unimaginable risk and threat.
And then the reason was that Churchill understood — you start taking shortcuts, over time, that corrodes what's — what's best in a people. It corrodes the character of a country.
There are two things wrong with this anecdote. First, Obama himself notoriously removed Churchill's bust from the Oval Office, and it was widely reported that Obama resented Churchill for the treatment his grandfather received during the Mau-Mau uprising. Specifically, he thinks Churchill ordered abusive treatment and torture of his grandfather and his cohorts, which is why I actually understood Obama's rejection of the Churchill bust. After all, I'd hardly keep a bust of Oliver Cromwell in my office, gift or not.
Suddenly, however, Churchill becomes the paragon of treatment of prisoners. Except, of course, that he's actually not. Almost exactly three years ago, The Guardian got the government to release information about torture and murder in the British zone in Germany from 1945-1947, targeting primarily Communists:
The pictures show suspected communists who were tortured in an attempt to gather information about Soviet military intentions and intelligence methods at a time when some British officials were convinced that a third world war was only months away.
Others interrogated at the same prison, at Bad Nenndorf, near Hanover, included Nazis, prominent German industrialists of the Hitler era, and former members of the SS.
At least two men suspected of being communists were starved to death, at least one was beaten to death, others suffered serious illness or injuries, and many lost toes to frostbite.
The appalling treatment of the 372 men and 44 women who were interrogated at Bad Nenndorf between 1945 and 1947 are detailed in a report by a Scotland Yard detective, Inspector Tom Hayward. He had been called in by senior army officers to investigate the mistreatment of inmates, partly as a result of the evidence provided by these photographs.
Afterwards, the British took a remarkably relaxed attitude towards the people who ran Bad Nenndorf. Only one got convicted of anything, a doctor whose punishment consisted entirely of a discharge from the Army. The commander got reinstated and was given a transfer to MI-5 to work on national security.
Does anyone in the White House actually do research?
Update: Ben Smith has more, from earlier in the war. What I find most amusing about this is that Churchill was a big proponent of reciprocity. He bombed German population centers because Germans had no compunction about bombing Britain's. He also initially objected to the Nuremberg trials, preferring the traditional methods of drumhead courts-martial followed by first-class hangings.
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- Obama lied about Churchill and torture. Maybe he meant Ward Churchill.
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text:
I am subscribed to over 100 threads via "instant email notification". Here are a few of them:
Where did you put your boost gauge and phone dock?
WRX Sparks many reactions from different people
I peruse the site usually in the morning, posting and commenting (read: trolling) throughout the day. The past week or two, I don't receive notifications of any new replies in them until about 2pm.
I don't know if I'm the only one, so I'm posting here. No idea where else to do it.


text: So, I thought I would run an off season judging game just for fun. RULES: A competition judged under the 6.0 system would be selected. People would volunteer to be judges and evaluate the programs under today's COP Standards. I actually have the ISU Calc. software on my computer as I downloaded it for an accounting school I will be attending. People could PM me their marks, I could enter them into the system and generate results and even protocols to make everyones' marks public! We also need a technical specialist. Although most of the levels etc. would be 1, we would still need someone to point out under-rotations or downgrades or wrong edges. I could actually take on the role of TS if needed. Anyway, please post if you interest in participating in the game and if you are willing to become an official. I'm sure it would be a lot of fun.


text:
Wagan 2260 $56.99
6 Liter 12V Cooler / Warmer
$74.99 Save: $18.00
+ FREE Shipping
Hurry, sale ends Sunday!
List Price: $74.99
Save: $18.00 (24% Off)
Extra 5% Off!
+ FREE Shipping
Temporarily Backordered
Description & Highlights
Wagan 6 Liter 12V Cooler / Warmer
This Wagan 6 Liter (6.3 Quart) 12V Cooler / Warmer (model: 2260) is the perfect travel cooler or console compartment for food and drinks on short road trips. This Thermo - Electric Personal Fridge / Warmer by Wagan holds 6.3 quarts or up to 9 - 12 oz. cans and has the cooling capacity of a 10 lb. bag of ice. Easy to read lights indicate whether the unit is cooling or warming your food. Designed to fit at the front console and back seat, the 2260 has 2 cup holders, keeping drinks at an arm's reach. This cooler / warmer comes with a car adapter for immediate use and can be easily washed with simple soap and water. An optional AC adapter allows for use in the home, at the office, or in dorm. Keep drinks cold or snacks warm and toasty for friends, family, or even yourself with the Wagan 2260 6 Liter 6.3 Quart 12V Cooler / Warmer.
- Model: 2260Warranty: 1 Year
- Brand: Wagan TechWagan 6 Liter 12V Personal Cooler / Warmer
- Ideal for travelingUse in car, dorm, or office
- Silent operationLED temperature display
- Keeps sandwiches dryHolds 6.3 quarts or up to 9 12-ounce cans
- Designed to fit at front console or back seat9 ft. power cord
- Leather armrestWeight: 6.5 lbs.
- Environmentally safe - no CFCs or dangerous gasesDimensions: 10.5"h x 7.5"w x 13"d
- Height: 10.5"
- Width: 7.5"
- Depth: 13"
- Height: 8.25"
- Width: 5.5"
- Depth: 7.5"
Exterior Dimensions:
Interior Dimensions:


text:
Here at Encinitas Ford, you are guaranteed to find all the 2016 & 2017 Ford models you could ever need. As your Ford dealership serving San Diego, we are so excited about the eco-friendly 2016 Ford Fusion Hybrid, the spacious 2016 Ford Explorer, and the powerful 2016 Ford F-150. We could go on and on, but instead we encourage you to browse our inventory below, and find out for yourself which Ford model is right for you.
If you want an even better deal on your new Ford, be sure to look through our new Ford specials. If you have any questions, you can also call us at (800) 701-4797, contact us online, or stop by in person to our Encinitas dealership. Our enthusiastic staff can help you with anything you need, so stop by for a test drive today!
View incentive details
Schedule a Service
Appointment now. Click here.


text:
Here's the link:
If you don't have a Kindle, despair not! Here's a link to the Kindle for PC app (thanks to G33!):
Here's the description:
How many votes does it take to become President of the United States?
The answer, as Jack Patton learned from his father at an early age, is just 270... the key is making sure they're the right 270 votes. When his father passes away, Jack comes up with a plan to honor the man in a way that respects his small-town, politically active legacy: by becoming one of the select few chosen as a member of the electoral college, the only people in the country whose vote directly decides the presidential election.
But someone else has a different plan in mind... one that could not only put Jack in the center of a deadly political conspiracy, but could also result in one of the most audacious thefts of all time: the stealing of the presidency.
Edited by marginal, 03 October 2012 - 10:43 PM.


text:
Ultimate Gentleman: Absinthe, Winter Wear, Paramount Boxset
<p>The Paramount Records Boxset, Armor Lux Peacoat, and Green Velvet Absinthe are among this week's must haves for you, the ultimate gentleman. </p>
Music box sets get more and more elaborate as consumers switch over to buying their music digitally as opposed to on a physical medium. In far too many cases the extra bells, whistles and assorted ephemera included are little more than distractions from the music. But the new Rise and Fall of Paramount Records Box Set is a real objet d'art—something you'll be proud to display in your place. And that's just all the wonderful window dressing, musically it captures what America truly sounded like in the 1920s with an extensive collection of old-timey blues, jazz, gospel and Tin Pan Alley from the Paramount label.
The box set consists of 800 remastered digital tracks on a forged metal USB drive, six vinyl records on brown wax with hand-engraved gold leaf labels, 200 original ads and photos for the records and artists, plus two books on the music and label, all packed in an oak case with handcrafted metal handles. It looks beautiful and it sounds even better.
$400.00, ThirdmanRecords.com
The peacoat is forever in style, looks good on every man who sports it and is fitting for both casual and formal outfits. Best of all, it's practical outerwear for these colder months. The Armor Lux Reefer Peacoat, made in France to French Navy specifications, is the one you need to look good while simultaneously battling the elements.
$525.00, Westerlind.us
Absinthe vanished from American shelves for decades. While you can now purchase the anise-flavored spirit in many fine U.S. liquor stores, you may want to import a bottle from the Continent for an authentic green fairy experience. Green Velvet is a Swiss microdistillery premium product perfect for the absinthe dilettante and connoisseur alike. Distilled according to a traditional method and using the original 1898 family recipe, the mellow-tasting Green Velvet is made with a blend of fresh local herbs and the spring water from Val-de-Travers.
$121.00, Absinthes.com
The future is now with the Livescribe Sky Wi-Fi Pen. When used with the special Livescribe dot paper, the pen automatically records all of your handwritten notes and uploads them to your free Evernote account. With one tap, turn on the audio recorder within the pen and that work meeting is recorded and auto-uploaded to your accessible-on-any-computer Evernote storage.
$138.80, Amazon.com
For aeons, Pre-Columbian Maya celebrated the winter solstice at the walled city of Tulum in Mexico. Keep the tradition alive and have the time of your life at the Time and Space Festival this year. Located at the Bahia Tankah resort at the foot of the ancient Tulum site, the festival features 50 of the world's best DJs and EDM artists. There's no better way to celebrate the shortest day of the year than by dancing on a beach on the shores of the stunning Caribbean sea. What winter?
$103.43, Timeandspacefestival.com


text:
Realtor worries Superfund designation will change neighborhood's dynamic
PUEBLO, Colo. - In a few weeks David Webb will rent a home in a neighborhood that's inching its way to becoming a Superfund site.
"I love the architecture," he said. "The people have a sense of community here. The neighbors - they've banded together. And you don't see that a lot in a lot of areas here in Pueblo."
Pueblo City Council and County Commissioners agreed during a community meeting Tuesday they would write Gov. John Hickenlooper a letter asking him to request a Superfund listing.
Despite that likely designation, Webb said while it won't stop him from renting there it may prevent him from purchasing a home.
Webb is a real estate agent in Pueblo. He had clients interested in a home on Santa Fe Avenue, in the contaminated area, but he says they backed away.
"They chose not to buy in this area for that reason only- for the fear of a Superfund coming into this area," Webb said.
Once crews begin removing the lead contamination, homeowners will get to decide whether they want their soil replaced. Pueblo City Council President Steve Nawrocki doesn't agree with that. "They seem to be concerned about everybody's rights. Well, what about the right of the person who is willing to clean up but doesn't have the ability to protect themselves from the adjacent properties?" he asked.
Still, City Council is moving forward. Webb worries the Superfund designation won't remove all of the area's lead. He's also concerned about the future of the neighborhood.
Webb said, "It's my opinion that we're gonna see a lot of short sales and foreclosures increase in this area because they can't get the prices for their homes that they should be getting for them."
Those who live in a Superfund site or within 3,000 feet of a toxic landfill site are not eligible for any programs under the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, including FHA loans.


text:
Full Year 2013 - Childhood Obesity
Moving Fast with a Healthy Breakfast
By: Allyson Felix, PCFSN Council member and Olympic Track and Field Sprinter
Fueling Our Families with a Healthy Breakfast
By: Dr. Ian Smith, PCFSN Council member, Bestselling Author, and National Healthy Living Expert
As a physician and sports enthusiast it's important to make sure I'm fueling my body with healthy, nutritious foods to stay fit and focused. It's not only critical for me personally, but also as a dad. I want to make sure my kids grow up and develop their own healthy eating habits so they can lead long, active and productive lives. This all starts with breakfast. Each morning, my wife and I make sure to provide our kids with a healthy and tasty meal to start their day and give them the boost they need for an active day.
First Lady Michelle Obama, Shaquille O'Neal, Allyson Felix and Dominique Dawes Kick Off the School Year with Big Commitments from DC Public Schools at Yesterday's Let's Move! Active Schools Event
By: Elyse Cohen, Deputy Director, Let's Move!
School is back in session and what better way to celebrate than by breaking a sweat? Yesterday afternoon, First Lady Michelle Obama joined students from Orr Elementary in Washington D.C. along with some stellar athletes for the Let's Move! Active Schools Back to School event. The First Lady spoke to educators and administrators about the important role that schools and their teachers have in fostering a healthier environment for this generation of kids.
Celebrating Physical Fitness for All
By: J. Nadine Gracia, MD, MSCE, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Minority Health
Fitness is a word that means something different to everyone. For some, it's a necessity. A prerequisite for health and wellbeing. For others, it's a journey. A work in progress. An aspiration. An opportunity.
Miami-Dade County Public Schools Supports Let's Move! Active Schools
By: PCFSN Staff
When First Lady Michelle Obama launched the Let's Move! Active Schools program in late February, she challenged all teachers, parents and school administrators to help bring physical activity back into our children's schools. This call was not lost on Dr. Jayne Greenberg, member of the President's Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition.
- Childhood Obesity (6)
- Disability (3)
- Fitness (16)
- Fitness Tips (2)
- Let's Move! (10)
- MyPlate (1)
- National Physical Fitness and Sports Month (1)
- Nutrition (13)
- Obesity (1)
- Physical Activity (10)
- Physical Education (3)
- President's Council (1)
- School (9)
- Science Board (1)
- Sports (8)
- Title IX (3)
- Worldwide Day of Play (2)
- Youth (13)
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text:
Charleston Destination Wedding from Maria Hibbs PhotographyWe love Wedding Wednesdays. That goes without saying. And when we kick it all off with a stunning Charleston soiree, we love them even more. Hence our complete and total excitement over this morning's first affair, a crazy gorgeous Magnolia Plantation & Gardens wedding boasting pretty
View CreditsRead More


text:
There is lots of controversy over the comments made during the 2013 BCS Championship game by announcer Brent Musburger regarding Katherine Webb, AJ McCarron's girlfriend. Do you think those comments were "dirty old man" comments or not?
Here's a link to a simple, two-choice poll that I posted that you can vote in. It includes the comments in case you missed them.


text:
"I did everything in the world to keep this from happening," exclaims the assistant to the rich man in Kerry Tribe's There Will Be ____. The half-hour-long video — on view in the three-person show "Brown University's 250th Anniversary Alumni Exhibitions" at the school's Bell Gallery (64 College St, Providence, through March 30) — is an engaging whodunit.
The subject is the infamous 1929 deaths of the two men at the Greystone Mansion in Beverly Hills — the son of an oil tycoon who lived there and his male assistant. It's often been described as a murder-suicide.
Filming at the mansion "in the very rooms where the killings took place," Tribe melodramatically plays out possible scenarios with actors in handsome period attire. Is it the mutual suicides of a gay couple? Or was the gay couple murdered by the wealthy man's angry wife? Could it have been a mob hit made to look like a suicide? Or maybe various people conspired to tamper with the crime scene to throw police off the scent and lessen the scandal for the family?
Tribe's video Bibliography (Greystone), which screens in an adjoining gallery, reveals that the first video was constructed from dialogue snipped from other movies filmed at the mansion — The Big Lebowski, Spider-Man, There Will Be Blood, Eraserhead, and one of the Garfield cartoons. It's a neato post-modern maneuver, though not apparent in the first film, and doesn't really add meaning.
Inevitably, Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon comes to mind. In that landmark 1950 film, four characters give contradictory accounts of a murder. Which account, if any, is true, remains murky. But the various testimonies probe the psychologies of the characters — and our own reactions to them.
Tribe, who is known for making art about the fugitive nature of memory, doesn't dig so deeply. Each scenario could be true, or none of them could be true. It's not about illuminating people or the events, really, but about the intellectual game of throwing out various theories. It's about luxuriating in mysteries.
The artists in the "Alumni Exhibitions" (a second one is scheduled for April) are grouped because they all attended Brown, not because of similar themes. But, coincidentally, Dawn Clements also touches on Hollywood in her 24-foot-wide pen drawing Mrs. Jessica Drummond(My Reputation, 1946), inspired by Barbara Stanwyck in the 1946 film My Reputation, about a lonely widow struggling with her grief. The power of the piece is in its immersive panoramic view across cabinets and lamps, curtains, and shutters, to a bed where a woman lies staring up at the ceiling.
Paul Ramirez Jonas's sculpture The Commons is a copy of a statue of Marcus Aurelius on horseback that has stood on Brown's campus for more than a century. As a democratic gesture, the artist removes the Roman emperor and recreates the horse and pedestal in cork to invite people to use it as a bulletin board. It's sort of anticlimactic that this sculpture, impressively filling the building's lobby, is tacked with the usual signs you see around campus — invites to a dance party or Women's History Month events, someone seeking help finding a lost hat. But I'm reminded of an old AS220 position paper, which emphasized that communities need places to share messages to help fresh ideas percolate.
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