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ARSC HPC Users' Newsletter 328, November 04, 2005
ARSC at SC05
ARSC will be at SC05 in Seattle from November 12-18. We will be in booth 112, so stop by to see what we are doing. If you have story ideas or Quick-Tip questions for the HPC Users' Newsletter, we would enjoy hearing from you.
Introduction to PMPI Part I
The MPI Standard includes provisions to allow developers to create profiled libraries on top of the system implementation of MPI. This is done by providing a name shifted entry point for each MPI functions. All functions beginning with the prefix "MPI_" are required by the MPI standard to be accessible through an alternate name beginning with the prefix "PMPI_".
E.g. MPI_SEND is also available as PMPI_SEND.
This allows developers to create a profiled implementation of an MPI subroutine which uses the underlying implementation of MPI without having access to the source code for the MPI library.
Profiled libraries could be useful for a number of reasons including:
- performance timing and statistics.
- to provide additional debugging information without changing the source code for your model.
- to trap invalid conditions that are not caught by the default implementation of MPI.
Here's a simple example which counts the number of MPI_SEND and MPI_RECV calls and displays the totals when MPI_FINALIZE is called.
klondike 1% cat prof_mpi.f90 module perf_data ! module to store performance data on a task by task basis ! IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER :: i_my_rank INTEGER :: i_recv_calls INTEGER :: i_send_calls end module subroutine MPI_INIT(ierror) ! alternate implementation of MPI_INIT which initializes data ! in the perf_data module. ! use perf_data IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: ierror INTEGER err i_recv_calls=0 i_send_calls=0 i_my_rank=-1 CALL PMPI_INIT(ierror) CALL SET_RANK PRINT *,"Starting task", i_my_rank end subroutine subroutine SET_RANK ! sets i_my_rank in the perf_data module ! use perf_data use mpi IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER err CALL PMPI_COMM_RANK(MPI_COMM_WORLD, i_my_rank, err) end subroutine subroutine MPI_SEND(buf, count, typ, dest, tag, comm, err) ! alternate implementation of MPI_SEND which tracks the number ! of MPI_SEND calls. ! use perf_data IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: buf, count, typ, dest, tag, comm INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: err INTEGER :: total_tasks, ierr i_send_calls=i_send_calls+1 CALL PMPI_SEND(buf, count, typ, dest, tag, comm, err) end subroutine subroutine MPI_RECV(buf, count, typ, source, tag, comm, status, err) use perf_data IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: buf, count, typ, source, tag, comm INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: status(*), err INTEGER :: total_tasks INTEGER :: ierr i_recv_calls=i_recv_calls+1 CALL PMPI_RECV(buf, count, typ, source, tag, comm, status, err) end subroutine subroutine MPI_FINALIZE(ierror) ! alternate implementation of MPI_FINALIZE which displays the ! number of MPI_SEND calls that were made by each task ! use perf_data IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: ierror PRINT *, "Task:", i_my_rank, " MPI_SEND Calls: ", i_send_calls PRINT *, "Task:", i_my_rank, " MPI_RECV Calls: ", i_recv_calls call PMPI_FINALIZE(ierror) end subroutine
Notice that each subroutine calls the underlying system subroutine somewhere in the body of the routine. This ensures that the output of the profiled routines are the same as the default implementations.
The profiled subroutines can be compiled with an MPI compiler:
Cray X1 (with the mpt module loaded):
klondike 2% ftn prof_mpi.f90 -c
iceberg2 1% mpxlf90_r -qsuffix=f=f90 prof_mpi.f90 -c
This results in an object file which has profiled implementations of MPI_INIT, MPI_SEND, MPI_RECV and MPI_FINALIZE. At this point we could build a profiled MPI library by replacing the MPI routines in the default MPI library. This task can be done trivially on the Cray X1 using the 'ar' command, but requires a number of steps on AIX due to the "unusual" design of shared libraries on AIX. See reference B below for details on how to do this on AIX. For this example we will simply add prof_mpi.o to the compile statements and use the default MPI library to resolve the other symbols.
Here's a simple code which sends a message from even numbered tasks to odd numbered tasks.
iceberg2 3% cat mpi-send-recv.f90 PROGRAM MPI_SEND_RECV use mpi INTEGER ierr INTEGER task,total_tasks INTEGER stat(MPI_STATUS_SIZE) REAL IN(10) REAL BUF(10) INTEGER II CALL MPI_INIT(ierr) CALL MPI_COMM_RANK(MPI_COMM_WORLD,task,ierr) CALL MPI_COMM_SIZE(MPI_COMM_WORLD,total_tasks,ierr) DO II=1, 10 IN(II)=task END DO CALL MPI_BARRIER(MPI_COMM_WORLD) IF ( mod(task,2) == 0 ) then CALL MPI_SEND(IN, 10, MPI_REAL, task+1, 99, MPI_COMM_WORLD, ierr) ELSE CALL MPI_RECV(BUF, 10, MPI_REAL, task-1, 99, MPI_COMM_WORLD, stat, ierr) END IF CALL MPI_FINALIZE(ierr) END PROGRAM
This code does not produce any output by default. If we link against the profiled subroutines in prof_mpi.o, the executable will display a message from each task as it starts and the total number of MPI_SEND and MPI_RECV calls when MPI_FINALIZE is called.
Here are example compile statements for klondike and iceberg.
Cray X1:
klondike 3% ftn mpi-send-recv.f90 prof_mpi.o
iceberg2 4% mpxlf90_r -qsuffix=f=f90 mpi-send-recv.f90 prof_mpi.o
Running the resultant executable reports the numbers of sends and receives from each task.
iceberg2 72% poe ./a.out -hostfile hosts -procs 4 Starting task 0 Starting task 1 Task: 1 MPI_SEND Calls: 0 Task: 1 MPI_RECV Calls: 1 Starting task 2 Task: 2 MPI_SEND Calls: 1 Task: 2 MPI_RECV Calls: 0 Starting task 3 Task: 3 MPI_SEND Calls: 0 Task: 3 MPI_RECV Calls: 1 Task: 0 MPI_SEND Calls: 1 Task: 0 MPI_RECV Calls: 0
In the next part of this series will take a look how PMPI can be used to trap invalid conditions in MPI calls.
- MPI 1.1 Standard: http://www.mpi-forum.org/docs/mpi-11-html/mpi-report.html
- IBM Parallel Environment for AIX 5L: MPI Programming Guide: Version 4 Release 2; pg 11-13; SA22-7945-02
Utilization Information Available
Utilization information is now available on both iceberg and klondike. The 'show_usage' command will display allocation, foreground utilization, background utilization and remaining allocation by project.
iceberg2 1% show_usage Allocation for 'projecta' as of Nov 4 2005 at 04:00:01 Allocation: 50000.00 Usage: 704.69 Remaining Allocation: 49295.31 ------------------ Background Usage: 0.00 Allocation for 'projectb' as of Nov 4 2005 at 04:00:01 Allocation: 10000.00 Usage: 2890.01 Remaining Allocation: 7109.99 ------------------ Background Usage: 0.00 For a complete breakdown by project, please contact the ARSC help desk: email: email@example.com phone: 907-450-8602
Quick-Tip Q & A
A:[[ I love vim's syntax highlighting, but, to save my eyes, I always work [[ with light text on a dark background. Unfortunately, vim uses dark [[ blue for C comments and they practically disappear. (So, of course, I [[ end up burning my eyes out squinting and getting too close!) [[ [[ Is there some way to change vim's colors for syntax highlighting? # # Thanks to Jed Brown: # The Short answer-- :h hi Longer-- The "highlight" command is what you are looking for. For this problem, I have :highlight Comment ctermfg=cyan cterm=NONE in my vimrc which makes comments appear as nonbold cyan when running vim in the console. (The GUI has a special blue for comments which I find very readable.) # # From Bob Clark # In vim, ':help highlight' will get you all the highlighting help you ever wanted. The ':hi' command will display your active settings. I use white-background xterms and have the following highlight settings in my .vimrc file: " XTerm colors are: " 0:black 1:red 2:green 3:yellow 4:blue 5:magenta 6:cyan 7:white " (yellow and green do not work well on light backgrounds) highlight MoreMsg ctermfg=5 highlight LineNr ctermfg=5 highlight Question ctermfg=5 highlight Statement ctermfg=5 highlight Type ctermfg=5 highlight Identifier ctermfg=4 highlight DiffAdd ctermfg=7 (ctermfg stands for color terminal foreground) So, assuming you are using an xterm-like terminal, you could turn your comments green with ':hi Comment ctermfg=2' If you want more color options, you can try gvim. # # For advanced users, here's one from Jesse Niles # To use the extended color scheme set in vim: 1) Create the directory ~/.vim if it doesn't exist. 2) Download the color sampler pack located at: http://www.vim.org/scripts/download_script.php?src_id=4010 and unpack it in that directory. It will create the two necessary subdirectories plugin and colors, if they don't already exist. 3) Open vim in graphical mode ('gvim' or 'vim -g'), if available, and browse the color schemes. 4) When you find the one you like, add the line: :colorscheme newcolors to your ~/.vimrc file ("newcolors" is the name of the color scheme you like). Create one if it doesn't already exist. The next time you fire up vim or gvim, you'll get the new color scheme. Note that the colors of the same scheme may differ between vim and gvim, so you'll want to check both. If you just want the comments to be a different color in the same scheme: 1) Copy the color scheme file from the system vim colors file to your ~/.vim/colors directory and open it in a text editor (you might as well use vim because it has syntax highlighting for vim files). 2) Find the line that looks like: highlight Comment ctermfg=8 guifg=#ff00ff This line specifies the color that vim will use first, followed by what gvim will use. If you want to change the gvim color to white for example, just change the hex value. If you are using terminal-style vim, you can just set the ctermfg value equal to the name of one of the common colors available on terminals (e.g. white, black, blue, etc.). To make it White, you can simply change the line to: highlight Comment ctermfg=white guifg=#ffffff -- As a bonus, if you'd like certain symbols to stand out, e.g. OpenGL functions or MPI functions, you can add the functions or keywords to the language syntax file. I use OpenGL a lot, and I sometimes make errors in the capitalization of the symbol names. In vim you can create a specialized syntax file that can color arbitrary symbols. Thus, if you make a typo you won't have to wait until the compiler whines about it. If you are as nerdy as I am, you can: 1) Copy the cpp.vim (or whatever language syntax file you are using) from the system $VIMRUNTIME/syntax directory to your ~/.vim/syntax directory and open it in a text editor. 2) Add the following lines to the file where the similar declarations are, adding the functions/types/constants you want to add, separated by spaces: syn keyword specialFunctions glBegin glAlphaFunc glAreTexturesResident ... syn keyword specialTypes GLbitfield GLboolean GLbyte ... syn keyword specialConsts GL_2_BYTES GL_2D GL_2_BYTES ... 3) Add the following lines to the section with all of the "HiLink" statements: HiLink specialFunctions Special HiLink specialTypes Type HiLink specialConsts Constant It may then look something like: HiLink cppAccess cppStatement HiLink cppCast cppStatement HiLink cppExceptions Exception HiLink cppOperator Operator HiLink cppStatement Statement HiLink cppType Type HiLink cppStorageClass StorageClass HiLink cppStructure Structure HiLink cppNumber Number HiLink cppBoolean Boolean HiLink specialFunctions Special HiLink specialTypes Type HiLink specialConsts Constant The above changes will get vim to highlight GLbitfield the same way it would int, float or char, and will highlight GL_2_BYTES as it would INT_MAX. Functions in the list above should show up in an entirely different color so you can easily see errors. There are much more advanced and generic ways to color text in vim, but this is as fancy as I ever needed to get. Lastly, if you forget what the parameters in one of the functions is, you can put the cursor over the function and hit 'K' (shift-k) to view the man page. # # Editor's solution: # Taken from vim's internal help ("*mysyntaxfile-add*"), create this directory tree and file: ~/.vim/after/syntax/c.vim . To retain all default C syntax colors, but turn comments green, the file would contain this line of text: highlight cComment ctermfg=Green guifg=Green Q: [[Thanks to Ed Kornkven of ARSC for this week's Quick Tip question]] I use a calculator for evaluating arithmetic expressions. It accepts an arithmetic expression as stdin and outputs the answer on stdout. E.g., cl 1024*1024*1024*15 = 16106127360 [Actually, all "cl" does is 'echo "print $*" python' -- but I digress]. My only complaint with this "calculator" is that I have a hard time reading long-digit numbers. What I would like is a filter that accepts such a number on stdin, and writes to stdout the number formatted with commas separating the thousands places. E.g., cl 1024*1024*1024*15 comma_adder = 16,106,127,360
[[ Answers, Questions, and Tips Graciously Accepted ]]
Current Editors:
E-mail Subscriptions:
Ed Kornkven ARSC HPC Specialist ph: 907-450-8669 Kate Hedstrom ARSC Oceanographic Specialist ph: 907-450-8678 Arctic Region Supercomputing Center University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box 756020 Fairbanks AK 99775-6020
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Health Information
Medical Advisory Board
Medical Advisory Board
Related Topics
- Find Health Condition Information
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Pamela Peeke, MD
Dr. Peeke, a nationally recognized expert and speaker on nutrition and fitness, is a Pew Foundation Scholar in nutrition and metabolism, Medical Director and Physician of Discovery Health Channel's National Body Challenge Campaign, and the Medical Director of Reebok's 2004 National Walking and Wellness Campaign. She is Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine as well as Adjunct Senior Scientist at the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Peeke authored the national bestseller Fight Fat After Forty (2001, Viking Press) and is a regular medical expert on NBC's Today Show and CNN's Headline News. She is a frequent guest on NBC's Nightly News, The Oprah Winfrey Show, The View, Dateline, and Primetime, and is also featured on the Food Network's most popular consumer show, Cooking Thin. Dr. Peeke is the monthly columnist for numerous national magazines including Prevention; O, the Oprah Magazine; Shape; Allure; First for Women; and Spa. She also is a faculty member of the American College of Sports Medicine and works directly with the Vice President's Office as the Medical Director of the National Race for the Cure for Breast Cancer.
Joe Pizzorno, Jr., ND
Dr. Pizzorno is a successful entrepreneur and internationally recognized expert in natural medicine. In 1978, as co-founder and founding president, he created Bastyr University, America's largest and most successful accredited institution of natural medicine. When he retired in 2000, he had grown the institution from an enrollment of 31 students to 1,200 and from a $200 donation to a $16 million annual budget. In 2000, he was appointed to the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy. He is the author of Total Wellness (1996) and co-author of the internationally acclaimed physician's reference, Textbook of Natural Medicine (1999), and best-selling consumer book, Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine (1999).
Richard N. Podell, MD, FACP
Dr. Podell is the Medical Director and Principal Investigator for East Coast Clinical Research, where he supervises ongoing clinical research in a network of 16 physicians. In addition to his private practice in family and internal medicine, he is the Principal Investigator of the Food and Drug Administration studies on Ampligen for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome for Hemispherx Biopharma, Inc. Dr. Podell is also a Clinical Professor at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Family Medicine. He completed medical school and a research fellowship in healthcare organization at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Podell went on to receive a master's degree from the Harvard School of Public Health and later to complete a fellowship in allergy and environmental health at Lutheran Medical Systems and Hospitals in Carrollton, Texas.
Barry H. Rumack, MD
Dr. Rumack is Chairman Emeritus and founder of Micromedex, Inc., a provider of computerized and printed information for professionals and consumers on toxicology, pharmacology, acute care, patient education, occupational medicine, alternative medicine, chemical safety, and regulatory compliance. In addition, Dr. Rumack is Clinical Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and a Special Government Employee for the Food and Drug Administration. He completed medical school at the University of Wisconsin and residency at the University of Colorado. He went on to do a fellowship in clinical pharmacology and toxicology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and was a clinical associate at the Regional Poisoning Treatment Center, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. He sits on the editorial boards of several journals, including Clinical Toxicology, Topics in Emergency Medicine, and Pediatric Pharmacology.
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subset: commoncrawl


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TV Guardian
by TV Guardian
Product Description
Watch TV Without Profanity! TVGuardian automatically mutes foul language while watching cable & satellite TV; movie channels like HBO, Starz, Showtime, Epix, Pay-Per-View and Video-on-Demand; and most DVDs.
How does TVGuardian work?
TVGuardian monitors the hidden closed-caption text in the background while you watch TV. Each word is checked against a dictionary of more than 150 offensive words and phrases. When a foul word or phrase is detected, TVG automatically mutes the offensive language.
- TV Guardian works with Close Captioning in US and Canada only.
- TVGuardian LT simply mutes foul language; it does not display closed captions.
- Works with any HDTV, Standard TV and/or Audio Receiver.
- Learns standard IR remote control codes to mute both a TV and an Audio Receiver.
- No HDMI cable connection required for HDTV muting. In fact, there's no cable connection at all from TVGuardian LT to your TV or Audio Receiver.
- Smaller than a smartphone.
- Connect two video sources: cable or satellite box, DVD Player, Blu-ray Player, VCR.
- Strict, Moderate and Tolerant Filter Settings.
- Fine-Tune Filtering Options: Offensive Religious References,
Sexual References, Hell/Damn.
By Galen, Submitted on 2015-02-25
We have used this for a few weeks now and love it. It was pretty easy to set up. The only down side is it still lets in a few bad words from time to time, but it is definitely better than not having it.
By David, Submitted on 2015-02-25
TVGuardian is definitely one of the best pieces of equipment I have on my entertainment system. This little box was so easy to setup and use, I had it working in minutes. I hated watching television and most movies with my little ones. Even the movies that are made for children have offensive words. TVGuardian definitely removes the bad words and makes family time, really family time again.
By Roger, Submitted on 2015-02-25
While not a perfect solution, we have been able to watch several Prime Time Television shows that we enjoy but had given up on. With TV Guardian, the language is definitely cleaned up!
Also, we have used it on several DVD's and appreciate not having the foul language Hollywood film producers feel is necessary?!
Well worth the investment for our family!
By Mark, Submitted on 2015-02-25
I bought TV Guardian (TVG) and I'm keeping it, but there were two disappointments. Background: TVG works by intercepting the Close Captioned (CC) signal from the DVD player's Composite output. When TVG spots an offending word, it sends an infrared Remote Control MUTE signal to your TV, then it sends UN-MUTE several seconds later. You'll see the word "Mute" appear briefly on the screen as if sent by the remote. Disappointment #1: CC is NOT synonymous with "subtitles". There are newer ways to do subtitles that are NOT CC. CC is a apparently a dying technology. It seems that most DVDs up to 2009 have CC, but only 50% since 2009 have CC. Universal Studios no longer does CC. NO BluRay disks have CC. The DVD case must say "CC", but it is hard to determine this when renting, if you can't see the case, partly because people mis-use "CC" to mean subtitles. Disappointment #2: TVG only works with some DVD players. The DVD player MUST have a Composite video out, and even some of those players don't work. Search the Web for the phrase "Will The TV Guardian Work With My DVD Player?" The good news: For a true CC DVD using the right DVD player, TVG does work nicely. Unfortunately, it mutes the whole sentence, not just the offending word, but that's okay. All in all, we don't regret purchasing TVG.
By Mindy, Submitted on 2015-02-25
We have loved this product in the past. We owned the external one and the one built into the VHS player. I was hoping they would come out with one for new technology and was excited to see this one. I purchased it and was disappointed with it. We followed the instructions multiple times and couldn't get it to work. I would have persued it, but you hook the contacts onto the front of your flatscreen TV sensors with two-way tape and it hangs there out in front. So even if it would have worked, I can't deal with the tacky wires hanging there with two-way tape. Not even sure if they would stay long term. There has to be better technology they can use to make this work. Would buy it if they figured that out.
By Marc, Submitted on 2015-02-25
I found this easier to connect than the previous models of TVGuardian. If someone isn't able to connect the unit, I don't think they should blame the product and give it just one star. We've used TVGuardian in our family for years, and this one works great, just as the others have.


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text:
Which chat platform do you primarily use?
Chat has changed a lot over the years. It plays a vital role in communicating and collaborating. I remember using ICQ—do you remember that annoying sound when someone messaged you? Uh-Oh!
While the underlying technology and protocols haven't seen much change, the tools we use have certainly come and gone. The introduction of micro-blogging has seen chat move out of the chat room to highly-visable on platforms like Gmail and Salesforce. But we're curious...
Which tool is your go-to chat preference? If you could only pick one, even though we know many of you use more than one, which would it be? Tell us what you use and why.


text:
In Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the phenomenon which occurs when you and your friends each select your own favorite toppings while ordering pizza, yet everyone else ends up eating the masterpiece that you created.
Steve was the victim of pizza envy when his friends devoured his barbeque chicken pizza, leaving him to either 1) eat the inferior sardine-and-jalapeno pizza which his friends insisted on ordering or 2) go hungry.
by Even Steve February 09, 2010


text:
Quick summary for those who missed it:
Given the market he is in, I think the Marlins would be shooting themselves in the foot if they don't fine and suspend him. With the off-season rebranding and big spending, the Marlins can't afford the boycotts that are already being talked about in Miami.Originally Posted by ESPN
Do you think his comments are some of his most offensive, or at least his most boneheaded based on where he is? How should the Marlins react, besides issuing a statement apologizing for Ozzie?


text:
Man in custody for Callaway County murder
Authorities believe Jake Gastler killed one man and seriously injured another
AUXVASSE, Mo. - A suspect is in custody in Callaway County after allegedly killing his neighbor and and assaulting the victim's father.
Callaway County Sheriff's deputies responded to an assault around 1 a.m. Saturday. The assault occurred at a home at 1091 Blue Ridge Road off State Road B, east of Auxvasse.
The suspect, Jake Gastler, originally told authorities he found two of his next door neighbors lying on the floor covered with blood.
Deputies arrived and discovered two white male victims.
One victim, identified as Zachery W. O'Connor, 30, of Auxvasse, was pronounced dead at the scene.
The other victim, 57-year-old Michael W. O'Connor, the father of other victim, was taken to University Hospital in Columbia by helicopter in critical condition. As of Monday afternoon, he had been upgraded to serious condition.
Gastler told authorities that he found the victims in this condition, however, deputies say the evidence collected and Gastler's account of events didn't match. Investigators then arrested him.
Gastler is charged with second-degree murder and first-degree assault assault. He is being held on a $700,000 bond in the Callaway County Jail.
Neighbors of the O'Connors say they are in shock.
"I didn't think something like this down here would happen," said Clint Litel. "Mike O'Connor, he pretty much stays to himself."
Every neighbor who talked to ABC 17 News said Michael O'Connor was very friendly and got along with everyone.
But Gastler's parents said their son had always said otherwise.
Gastler's mother said he would talk about how it was common for Michael to argue with his son, Zachery.
She told ABC 17 News that Gastler is not a violent person and was a war veteran struggling to cope with his experience in Afghanistan.
The family said they had no further comment on the investigation at this time.
Stay with ABC 17 for more information.


text:
Searches and provides access to hundreds of music journals covering a broad scope of research from performance, theory and composition to music education, jazz and ethnomusicology.
Previously known as IIMP Full Text (International Index to Music Periodicals).
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Online Journals/Resources |
Lane Public |
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Miami University Directory
Find your summer read!
Faculty stipend and workshop offered for exploring open textbooks
Staff Spotlight: Nate Floyd
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text:
Frequently Asked Questions
- GI bill need to know
- Get paid faster: Important tips on certification, payment, and fees
- Get good grades...or else: Important Tips on course choices, grading, and academics
- Other helpful information: National Guard, resources
GI bill need to know
What VA educational programs are available?
- Chapter 30 - Montgomery G.I. Bill – Active Duty (MGIB)
- Chapter 31 - Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment
- Chapter 33 – Post 911 GI Bill
- Chapter 35 - Dependents Educational Assistance (DEA)
- Chapter 1606 - Montgomery G.I. Bill – Selected Reserve
- Chapter 1607 - Reserve Educational Assistance Program (REAP)
How do I apply for VA Education Benefits?
Please visit http://www.gibill.va.gov/apply-for-benefits/application/. This link will take you to the VONAPP (Veterans Online Application) where you will apply for the following benefits. Please note the forms vary depending on the benefit you are applying for.
Which Form do I use to apply for VA benefits?
- For Veterans wanting to use Chapters 30, 32, 33, 24, 1606 or 1607 fill out the VA Form 22-1990
- Survivors and Dependents Chapter 35, fill out the VA Form 22-5490
- Transfer of Entitlement (Chapter 33 Post 9-11) for Dependents fill out VA Form 22-1990e
- Chapter 31 Vocational Rehabilitation & Employment fill out VA Form 28-1900
- Veterans Retraining Assistance Program (VRAP) fill out VA Form 22-1990R
My VA check is less than the amount I was told the monthly rate would be… Why did that happen?
The most common reason a check may be less than the monthly rate is that checks are prorated based on the number of days in the month for which you are enrolled.
For example: Your full time rate is $800.00; however your semester starts on August 19th and continues through December 14th. Payment for the month of August would include the 19th to the end of the month. (All months are based on 30 days, so months with more or less than 30 days would not affect the rate). Thus your payment for the month of August would be approximately $320.00. Payments for September, October, and November would be $800.00 each month and payment for December would be approximately $373.36 (prorated from the 1st to the 14th).
Here are other reasons your check might be short:
- An overpayment was deducted from your payment
- You reduced your training time after you received your award letter
If you have questions about your payment or concerns that you may have a debt with the VA, please contact the VSOC Coordinator: Micaela Black # 401-648-1597 or firstname.lastname@example.com
Are VA Education Benefits Taxable?
No. Any veterans' benefits paid under any law administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) should not be reported as income to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). You will not receive a W-2 from the VA.
Per IRS Publication 970:
"Payments you receive for education, training, or subsistence under any law administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) are tax free. Do not include these payments as income on your federal tax return.
You have returned to college and are receiving two education benefits under the latest GI Bill:
a $1,534 monthly basic housing allowance (BAH) that is directly deposited to your checking account, and $3,840 paid directly to your college for tuition.
Neither of these benefits is taxable and you do not report them on your tax return. You also want to claim an American opportunity credit on your return. You paid $5,000 in qualified education expenses (explained in detail in (explained in detail here in IRS publication 970, chapter 2). To figure the amount of credit, you must first subtract the $3,840 from your qualified education expenses because this payment under the GI Bill was required to be used for education expenses. You do not subtract any amount of the BAH because it was paid to you and its use was not restricted."
Helpful Links:
Current Rates of Payment for ALL chapters:
Ch 33 calculator:
Get paid faster: Important tips on certification, payment, and fees
What is the certification process to get paid?
You must establish entitlement to your VA education benefits first. RIC requires that you submit a copy of your Certificate of Eligibility (COE) from the VA. You should bring the COE to the School Certifying Official (SCO) – Cindy Salzillo. Her office is located in the records Office, lower level of Building # 4 (East Campus). Remember, if the SCO does not know you are using VA education benefits, you will not be certified. Certification is completed electronically via the 1999 form. VA certifications are completed after the add / drop period each semester.
When will I receive my VA payment?
Your VA payment will not arrive prior to the start of classes. Please plan accordingly. For example, if you are using Post 911 GI Bill, you will not have your book stipend prior to classes beginning. Also VA monthly payments are paid in arrears. If the semester starts on September 6th, you will generally receive payment for that month in mid-September or by October 1st. The payment for the month of October will arrive on November 1st. VA payments are pro-rated so if the semester ends on May 15th, your June 1st check will only be for that 15 days of May. If you have specific questions about your VA payment or you concerned about payment delays, please contact the VSOC Coordinator: Micaela Black # 401-648-1597 or firstname.lastname@example.com
How does the VA payment for Tuition & Fees work?
If you are using Ch 33, the VA will pay tuition and fees based on your % of entitlement. For example, if you are 60% entitled, VA will pay 60% of your T&F and you will be responsible for the remaining 40%.
If using Chapters 30, 1606, or 1607 – you are responsible for paying tuition up front.
If you are using VA Vocational Rehabilitation, your T&F will be paid in full. If there are any issues with payment, you should contact your Voc Rehab case manager directly.
How do I pay for my books?
Currently it is fully the responsibility of the student veterans to pay for books up front. The stipend comes after the start of the semester. If you receive Voc Rehab funds, your books will be paid in full to the book store.
How do I verify my attendance in WAVES:
If using Chapters 30, 1606, or 1607 you need to verify your attendance every month with the VA. This can be done by phone (877) 823-2378 or online: https://www.gibill.va.gov/wave/index.do. If you do not call to verify your attendance , your payment will not be released.
Please note: Individuals using Ch 33 (Post 911 GI Bill) and Ch 31 (Vocational Rehabilitation) do not have to verify attendance.
Get good grades...or else: Important Tips on course choices, grading, and academics
Can I take any courses I want or do I have to follow VA regulations when using VA education benefits?
The VA will only pay for courses that apply to a student's degree program. Student Veterans are encouraged to meet with their Academic Advisor to select their classes. This will ensure that all your classes apply to your degree AND that you are meeting the requirements to move toward graduation.
The School Certifying Official cannot certify students for courses that are not part of their program. This means the tuition and fees will not be paid for that course (under Ch 33) AND the student's monthly stipend will be reduced (under all VA Education benefits).
Contact the School Certifying Official immediately if there are any changes in your enrollment status, including adding courses, dropping courses, withdrawing or receiving incomplete grades to not incur personal charges
How do my grades impact my VA education benefits?
If you receive any kind of Withdrawal, you will owe money back to the VA for those courses. If you withdraw from a course – you must officially withdraw AND notify the School Certifying Official that you have withdrawn so that can be reported to the VA. The sooner you do this, the less the overpayment / debt with the VA will be.
If you receive an Incomplete – you must finish the coursework and receive a grade within one year or the VA will charge an overpayment. (Note: the school requires completion of Incompletes based on Instructor discretion).
Important: You must notify the SCO email@example.com of any grade changes, as soon as possible. If you do not report this information, your debt will be larger and more problematic.
Other helpful information: National Guard, resources
What if I am in the RI National Guard?
Members of the RIARNG and RIANG are eligible for the State Tuition Assistance Program (STAP). This will waive your tuition only. In order to obtain the STAP waiver, you must bring your schedule of courses to the ARNG or the ANG Education Liaison. They will sign the STAP Waiver and you will then bring to the Bursar's office. * You can use the STAP waiver in conjunction with your GI Bill benefits.
If you have questions about this process, please contact the VSOC Coordinator: Micaela Black # 401-648-1597 or email@example.com
Can I apply for financial aid?
Yes. If you are eligible for financial aid, you can use this in conjunction with your VA education benefits. It is recommended that you meet with someone to discuss the types of aid you are eligible for (i.e. Pell Grant vs. Student Loans). Financial aid can assist in offsetting any remaining T&F not covered if you are not 100% entitled to Ch 33 or it can assist in paying T&F up front if you are using other VA benefits. Additionally, if you are fully covered by GI Bill, certain types of aid can be paid back to the Veteran once the VA makes payment to the school.
Where can I find out more information about the Post 911 GI Bill, the Montgomery GI Bill or Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Program Benefits?
For additional information on VA Education Benefits for all chapters, logon to the following website: http://services.military.gwu.edu/va-chapter-benefits.
You may also contact our VetSuccess on Campus Counselor, Micaela Black, at (401) 648 1597 or email@example.com.
Helpful Links:
Learn more about all VA Benefits (compensation, home loans, etc): http://www.benefits.va.gov/BENEFITS/factsheets.asp
CPE Policies:
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kieck writes:
"Hybrid vigor" refers to a cross between two different breeds or races, not to a cross between two different lines within a breed. Think of cattle breeding. The "hybrid vigor" seen in black baldies, for example, comes from crossing a black angus and a hereford. The offspring from two separate lines within the black angus breed will not have the "hybrid vigor." The reason, in a simplified explanation, is that even separate lines within a breed are still remarkably similar to one another.
tecumseh writes:
I would suggest this is not the best example since the two breeds mentioned are both from the british isle and are therefore not that distantly related. a better example (and the one most often used in animal science text) would be any english cattle breed crossed to zebu stock.
I would suspect (based on what other more knowledgeable folks have told me) that the idea of keeping the russian stock 'pure' in regards to mating has much more to do with the aggressive nature of the cross than anything else. for most beekeepers and many queen breeder how you might accomplish this simple thing would seem to me to be quite complex.


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My pick for MVP. Kudos to the Offense for coming out firing!
My pick for MVP. Kudos to the Offense for coming out firing!
Definitely getting the game ball today! I think he has earned a much, much, bigger role going forward... and very likely the starting role next year. He is an amazing talent!
My goal had been to win a championship, work toward the Hall of Fame, have my jersey retired by the team and I`d go in as a lifelong New York Giant, but I`m now resigned to the fact that this won`t happen. -- Michael Strahan, just when you think you're down...
kid showed his worth today. I hope coughlin was keeping him sidelined until now


text:
This photo is awaiting approval and will be posted soon.
Play our fun game and find out if the one you like likes you back. Confide in us if you think you'd hit it off by clicking: Yes, No, or Maybe. We'll anonymously find out and let you know if the feeling is mutual. You have nothing to lose!
You've already said YES! If the feeling is mutual, we'll let you both know.
You've already said No. If you've changed your mind, let us know. If you say Yes, we'll anonymously find out if the feeling is mutual. You have nothing to lose!
You've already said Maybe. If you've changed your mind, let us know. If you say Yes, we'll anonymously find out if the feeling is mutual. You have nothing to lose!
You both said YES! The feeling is mutual. Now the rest is up to you! Say Hi and get the conversation started.
My name is Jennifer....I'm 30 years old lady never married,no kid I am Self Employed owned a small business enterprise and I am also a devoted christian-catholic.. hit....I want to meet someone to settle down with and we could raise a family together..I'm a lady with good sense of humor,I'm single,very romantic, caring, easygoing and responsible. I'm an outgoing person, I love the indoors and outdoors activities. I like traveling, reading, music, movies, sports, leisure, spending time with my beloved, and learning new things. I love honesty, sincerity and care and I hate lies and trouble. I think that in a relationship there should be equal love between couples and they should be committed and submissive to each other. I have a soft heart and when I'm in a relationship in give in total commitment, time, faithfulness, truthfulness and love.
Spark Networks USA, LLC does not conduct background checks on the members or subscribers of this website. However, the safety and security of our members is our top priority. We urge all members to follow our online safety tips.
The Color Code icon tells you that this member has taken the FREE Color Code Personality Test and wants to share his/her results with you. You can read all about their Color Code profile on the new Color Code tab.
The Color Code, by Dr. Taylor Hartman, is one of the most insightful personality tests in existence, and is made up of four personality Colors, or driving Core Motives. The Color Code teaches you the real motives behind your actions and how to better relate to other personality types.
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Any woman who has more than one child can tell you how different each child is from birth. You are born with your personality intact. The Color Code is based on your natural, innate personality type. Of course, people may change over time, but your Core Color will always remain the same.
Sometimes it is difficult to choose from the four options given, but there is usually one that fits better than the rest, or at least one that you could see yourself as more so than the others. If you're still unsure, try asking someone who knows you well, such as a parent or sibling. They can give clarity on areas of your personality that you may not notice.


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Here is a pic of our little honey booth. http://s203.beta.photobucket.com/use...G0221.jpg.html
We do a lot of the suggestions here. We have an observation hive, give samples, my wife made up little gift mugs with small honey bears honey candy and tea inside, she also had us shirts made up with our names, we ordered free pamphlets to hand out from the National honey board, and we are the beeks so I can answer most questions. The kids have really got into it and we enjoy it as a family and we are making some money.
The observation hive and the honey samples are big hooks! I have saw people go from not wanting any honey to buying a big bottle after they taste it.


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General Buddhism
Founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama, Buddhism has thrived in the East for more than 2,500 years—and has been steadily gaining adherents in the West in the last century or so. While our catalog offers many dharma books that spring from specific lineages, such as Tibetan Kagyu or Japanese Soto Zen, the books you'll find below offer a more general approach to the Buddhist view.
Interested, but not sure where to start? Visit our Expert Picks, where author and noted blogger Reverend Danny Fisher offers some recommendations.
On the Path to Enlightenment
Heart Advice from the Great Tibetan MastersDilgo Khyentse Rinpoche inspired Matthieu Ricard to create this anthology by telling him that "when we come to appreciate the depth of the view of the eight great traditions [of Tibetan Buddhism] and also see that they all lead to the same goal without contradicting each other, we think, 'Only ignorance can lead us to adopt a sectarian view.'" Ricard has selected and translated some of the most profound and… Read More
Paperback$18.95+ Add to Bag


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August 8, 2013
"Metamorphosis" is the second of three exhibits celebrating the 150th anniversary of the founding of University of Massachusetts Amherst.
May 20—September 27, 2013, Mon/Tue/Wed/Thu/Fri/Sat
Library, W.E.B. Du Bois,
Led by experienced professional teacher Eric Burri, the classes are open to all. All levels of experience are welcome.
July 8—August 15, 2013, Mon/Tue/Wed/Thu 3:30 pm-5:00 pm
Newman Center
Visitors to the UMass Amherst Renaissance Center this summer can enjoy the sense of traveling back in time to experience sights, smells and tastes of an authentic 16th-century kitchen garden.
July 25—September 25, 2013, weekdays 10:00 am-4:00 pm
August 17, 2013 10:00 am-3:00 pm
Massachusetts Center for Interdisciplinary Renaissance Studies
Hampshire Shakespeare Company performs Much Ado About Nothing outdoors at the UMass Amherst Renaissance Center.


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I'm adding an item system to my game. It's functional, but I'm not sure if it really is the best way to do it.
My game is written in C#, and this is an example of the system I'm currently using:
In my 'main' class (Game.cs) I make an instance 'ItemManager' class. Kinda like this:
[source lang="csharp"]ItemManager items = new ItemManager();[/source]
In the ItemManager class, I define all the items. (Instances of the 'Item' class)
[source lang="csharp"]class ItemManager{public List<Item> items = new List<Item>();public Item potion = new Item(0, "Potion", potionIcon);public Item bucket = new Item(1, "Empty Bucket", bucketIcon);public Item rope = new Item(2, "Rope", ropeIcon);public ItemManager(){ Items.Add(potion); Items.Add(bucket); Items.Add(rope);}}[/source]
And finaly, this is kinda what my Item class looks like
[source lang="csharp"]public class Item{public int Id;public string Name;public Bitmap Icon;public Item(int id, string name, Bitmap icon){ Id = id; Name = name; Icon = icon;}}[/source]
The system works fine, but there are two main issues:
1. I need to pass the Game.items to every class that has something to do with items, witch are a lot of classes.
2. I need to add the items to the ItemManager.items list in the exact same order as the id's the items have, and I can't skip an item id.
Other than that, I hate to refer to items.items[itemID], but that is mainly just because it looks terrible.
I wonder how you guys would handle this. I have searched around on Google but strangely enough I did not find a good example.
Do you have any suggestions?
Thanks in advance!
Edited by Freeky, 08 October 2012 - 03:05 PM.


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#FriskyFriday: September 20th 2013
Make your Friday a little friskier.

The calendar says it's still summer, and although the weather might not agree everywhere, the hot women of #FriskyFriday are taking advantage of the last of the sunshine! Playmates, models and random internet hotties submit their photos to us with the hashtag #FriskyFriday. We choose the best of the best; those who make the cut are one step closer to becoming the weekly winner.
If you're on Twitter, follow @PlayboyDotCom to see all the photos as we tweet them out. If you're not on Twitter, make sure to refresh this page throughout the day to catch the best #FriskyFriday tweets. Can't get enough? Check out #TuesdayTease!
[View the story "Playboy.com's #FriskyFriday 09/20/13" on Storify]


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NonProfit Project: Certificate at UIS
National, regional and local studies of nonprofits indicate a coming shortage in nonprofit leadership. Fifty to seventy-five percent of baby boomers plan to leave their nonprofit leadership position in the next five years (Casey Foundation). The PA Nonprofit Project takes this leadership need seriously. The nonprofit certificate is intended for professionals in the field of nonprofit management, for those who work closely with nonprofit organizations, or for those who are beginning their careers and wish to prepare for a career working in or with nonprofit organizations. Skills obtained in earning this certificate allow for management of an organization where the bottom line is not financial, but the level of excellence achieved in helping the underprivileged, promoting the arts, or empowering through education.
Important: Students, who seek to earn a certificate while also working on their MPA degree, must enter on initial application to the university that they are seeking the MPA and the MNPO , or if currently enrolled, they must file a change of curriculum form to list the MPA and the certificate they are striving for. See "How to Apply for a Certificate."
When the courses are complete, please see Registrar's link to apply to award certificate.
Fall 2015 or After Catalogue
Students who begin in the program on or after fall 2015 will find degree requirements in the catalog here.
Before Fall 2015 Catalogue Students
Requirements for students who begin before fall of 2015 are below.
Students must select from the following for a total of 20 credit hours.
Please note that transfer credits can't be used for certificates.
Requirements for the Graduate Certificate in Management of Nonprofit Organizations:
- Area 1: Introduction to Nonprofit Management
PAD 542 – Non-Profit Sector and Society
- Area 2: Nonprofit Finance
PAD 504 – Public Budgeting and Finance (Prerequisite required – microeconomics)
- Area 3: Human Resources
PAD 541 – Nonprofit Sector: Human Resources
- Area 4: Nonprofit-Specific Tools
Select one from:
PAD 543: Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations
PAD 544: Fund Raising for Public and Nonprofit Organizations
- Area 5: Administrative Tools
Select one from:
PAD 543: Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations or
PAD 544: Fund Raising for Public and Nonprofit Organizations if not taken in area four.
PAD 533: Program Evaluation
PAD 534: Program Implementation
PAD 590: Special topic elective courses that are approved for use in the nonprofit certificate as noted each semester.
PAD 580: Internship (Internships must be in the nonprofit sector)
PAD 545 – Nonprofit and Government Finance or
PAD 504 – Public Budgeting and Finance (Prerequisite required – microeconomics) if not taken in area two. (Petition needed)
Note: To qualify for the Nonprofit Certificate, students must earn a grade of B or better (a B- does not qualify) in each of the classes.
The Graduate Certificate is part of our Nonprofit Project.


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If you are planning an upcoming wedding, anniversary, party, celebration, picnic, meeting or conference, this is a great place to start. See our menus to help you as you do preliminary planning for your event.
For assistance with menu planning, inquiries about a special menu item, to seek advice on what will work best for your event, or ask any other questions call us now at 541-745-7455. We'd love to help!
Wedding Menus
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Please ask about menus for memorial receptions.


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2-3' and zero visability expected for my area now...
2-3' and zero visability expected for my area now...
2' and same viz for me too.
I dodged this bullet. Not Irene, earthquake, or the wind storm. My best wishes are with you
I also forgot to add that we are expecting 50 mph winds during that storm.
It is here.
~1.5" on the ground now. The worst of it not expected until tonight-tomorrow (6PM through 8AM), with 2-4" falling per hour, and the last flakes stopping around 5PM tomorrow (Saturday). It is going to be a long 48 hours caged in the house with the kids, then snow removal on Sunday. There goes the weekend
I hope all our friends up in the Northeast and Canada do ok during this severe snowstorm. It's going to get bad. May you have minimal power outages and accidents. Be careful shoveling and watch your step!
Greg Whitehead, Ten Mile, TN
Blog - http://gregsbees.blogspot.com/
Thanks for the Weather Channel to coming up with these goofy names! Global warming rock on


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Categorical mediator in SEM
Mplus Discussion
Categorical Data Modeling
Minseop Kim
posted on Tuesday, August 10, 2010 - 1:02 pm
Dear Linda,
Although I reviewed threads regarding categorical mediators, I am still confused.
Usevariables are m1 m2 m3 X1 X2 X3;
Categorical = X3;
! m1-m3 are indicators
! X1 & X2 are continuous observed var
! X3 is dichotomous observed var
Model: Y by m1 m2 m3 ;
Y on X1 X2 X3;
X2 X3 on X1;
Model indirect:
Y ind X1;
Q1. Based on your answers, I thnik if I use ML treating categorical mediators as continuous variables, a coefficient (X1->X3) is a logit coefficient and the rest (X1 -> X2, X1-> Y, X2->Y, and X3->Y) are regression coefficients. If I donˇŻt specify the method of estimation, by default(WLS?), the coefficient (X1->X3) is a probit coefficient whereas the rest of coefficients are still the regression coefficient. Is it right?
Q2. By the way, you also said ˇ°A nominal variable cannot be used as a mediator. You could look at each category separately or use the nominal variable as a grouping variable." But, I think a nominal variable is a sort of categorical variable. Do you mean that if a nominal variable has more than two categories, it is impossible to fit a model with the nominal mediator?
Q3, How can we interpret an indirect effect of X1 on Y via X3 if a coefficient (X1-X3) is logit or probit coefficient and X3->Y is regression coefficients?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, August 11, 2010 - 10:14 am
If you treat a variable as continuous, the regression is a linear regression.
You cannot use a nominal variable as a mediator.
In Mplus, an indirect effect can be computed for a categorical mediator only when probit regression and weighted least squares estimation is used.
Mr Mo DANG-ARNOUX
posted on Friday, May 06, 2011 - 6:12 am
Dear Mplus experts,
I would welcome a new clarification on categorical mediators, indirect effects, and logit/probit.
(1) Consider path
X -> M -> F -> u1-u4
. M = categorical (ordinal) mediator
. F = latent trait observed through ordinal outcomes u1-u4.
A) If M is predicted by a logit regression on X, then M is treated as a continuous covariate of F regression. No indirect effect X->M->F is available.
B) If M if predicted by probit, then M is treated as its underlying LRV M*. The indirect effect, actually X->M*->F, is the product of the regression coefficients of X->M* and M*->F ; SE + significance are derived using a Sobel approach. With WLSMV estimator, we use MODEL INDIRECT; with ML, MODEL CONSTRAINT.
What is the rationale for the difference A / B?
Is it because with logit, the underlying LRV M* has a non-normal (logistic) residual, thus the overall residual of X-(M)->F has no known distribution?
(2) Ordinal M has 3 levels. Simple regression M -> F suggests a non linear relationship. Isn't it then better to regress F on 2 dummy binary variables M_2 and M_3, than on M as a continuous covariate?
Is there any simpler model than having 2 paths:
Thank you very much for any help.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Friday, May 06, 2011 - 10:05 am
11A. Yes.
1B. Yes for WLSMV. No for ML.
The reason that it is yes for WLSMV is that m is treated as m* both when m is a dependent variable and an independent variable. The reason it is no for ML is that m is treated as m* when m is a dependent variable and m when it is an independent variable.
2. If m is ordinal, you can regress f ON m and m ON x; Creating two dummy variables for a mediator will not work.
Mr Mo DANG-ARNOUX
posted on Monday, May 09, 2011 - 7:24 am
Dear Dr Muthen, thank you very much for your prompt answer.
(1B[2]). In other threads, it is suggested that the indirect effect X->M->F can be derived in ML with probit. Instead of MODEL INDIRECT (WLSMV), we are instructed to use MODEL CONSTRAINT in ML/MLR: define the overall coef as the product of the two path's coefficients X->M(*?) and M(*?)->F. See e.g.:
Did I get it right? I.e. may we write it as follows?
(nu_ = intercepts, b_ = loadings, eps_ = residuals)
F = nu_2 + b_2 M* + eps_2
= nu_2 + b_2 (nu_1 + b_1 X + eps_1) + eps_2
= (nu_2 + b_2 nu_1) + (b_1 b_2) X + (b_2 eps_1 + eps_2)
How is the overall SE computed? (Sobel...)
(2[2]). The simple regression of F on M suggests that M at level 2 has a stronger effect (regression coefficient) on F than M at levels 3 and 1. This non-linearity makes me hesitant to consider M as a continuous covariate of F regression. How else may I model M mediating the influence of X on F?
Thank you again for your greatly responsive support, and for developing and maintaining this excellent software.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, May 09, 2011 - 10:02 am
I think the confusion arises from the fact that it is only when the mediator is categorical that indirect effects cannot be computed with ML using MODEL CONSTRAINT or MODEL INDIRECT. If the mediator is continuous and the final variable categorical, this is not a problem. Following is a summary:
MODEL INDIRECT for weighted least squares and MODEL CONSTRAINT for maximum likelihood can be used for indirect effects when:
x -> continuous -> categorical
x -> continuous -> continuous
MODEL INDIRECT for weighted least squares but no MODEL CONSTRAINT for maximum likelihood when:
x -> categorical -> categorical
x -> categorical -> continuous
The reason that it is yes for WLSMV is that m is treated as m* both when m is a dependent variable and an independent variable. The reason it is no for ML is that m is treated as m* when m is a dependent variable and m when it is an independent variable.
Mr Mo DANG-ARNOUX
posted on Tuesday, May 10, 2011 - 2:44 am
Many thanks for this clarification, Dr Muthen. I understand better now the differences.
Actually, I wish to use logit links between factor F and ordinal outcomes u1-u4, in order to have an easier odds-ratio interpretation of the regression coefficients. This restricts the estimation choice to ML/MLR. To adapt to the framework you just told, I am rewriting my model in order to consider M now as continuous.
I would like to know if the indirect effect b_ind (X -> M -> F) can then be obtained by multiplying the two regression coefficients b_1 (X -> M) and b_2 (M -> F), within a MODEL CONSTRAINT option? How safe is it to interpret the z-score of b_ind in order to infer the significance of the indirect effect?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, May 10, 2011 - 10:27 am
Very safe unless the sample size is less than say 50.
posted on Monday, May 30, 2011 - 1:58 pm
I have a mediating variable that is nominal in nature with six categories.
I understand one cannot use this variable in observed form as a mediating variable in Mplus. I have seen the creating latent categorical variables from nominal variables work around (i.e., "Making an observed categorical variable u equivalent to a latent class variable c" handout). Can this procedure be generalized to the case where there are six categories? If so, what would the code be? I can't seem to get it to work. Thanks.
As an alternative to the above procedure, would a simple dummy variable approach work (five dummies with one left out as reference) to assess mediation effects in this case? Thanks.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Monday, May 30, 2011 - 3:45 pm
I think modeling with a nominal mediator is an unresolved methods research topic. You can translate an observed nominal mediator into a latent class variable for any number of categories. But it isn't clear how to define indirect effects in this modeling, so that solution isn't all that's needed. I also don't think turning the nominal mediator into a series of dummy variables is a solution gets you to the goal of indirect effects.
The closest one can get would seem to be to dichotomize the nominal variable and define indirect effects via the underlying continuous u* as mediator using WLSMV.
posted on Tuesday, May 31, 2011 - 7:56 am
Thanks. I have a follow up question. You note that one could dichotomize the nominal variable as probably the best approach to assessing indirect effects at this point in time. Generally, I understand the logic of using the underlying continuous u* as the mediator but when you say to dichotomize the six category nominal variable, do you mean collapse the six categories into just two? In my case, I don't think theory would justify this option. Alternatively, did you suggest creating five dichotomies and treating them as categorical mediators simultaneously within the same model?
Or, create the five dichotomies and use sub-samples to test each condition versus the reference group separately when defining the mediating variable as categorical (e.g., Model 1 sub-sample: Cat1 vs. ref group; Model 2 sub-sample: Cat2 vs. ref group, etc.)?
Any clarification would be most helpful. Thank you in advance for your time.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, May 31, 2011 - 8:36 am
Answers to your 3 paragraphs:
1. Yes, that's what I suggested. So for example "taking the bus" versus all other modes of transportation.
2. No, I don't suggest breaking up into several dummies - I don't know how that would be correctly analyzed in a mediation context.
3. I am not sure about this approach.
Perhaps you simply want to do a multiple-group analysis with the 5 categories, and forego the mediation aspect.
posted on Tuesday, October 11, 2011 - 3:31 pm
Dear Dr. Linda,
Regarding to your post on Monday, May 09, 2011 - 10:02 am
"MODEL INDIRECT for weighted least squares but no MODEL CONSTRAINT for maximum likelihood when:
x -> categorical -> categorical
x -> categorical -> continuous "
Could you please give me, some references? Thank you.
Sincerely yours,
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, October 11, 2011 - 5:58 pm
See Introduction to statistical mediation analysis by David MacKinnon.
posted on Wednesday, October 12, 2011 - 6:16 am
Dear Dr. Linda,
Thank you very much.
Sincerely yours,
Selahadin Ibrahim
posted on Monday, October 29, 2012 - 12:27 pm
Hi Dr. Muthen,
I have reviewed your paper here (
) on nominal mediation.
I have an outcome which is continuous, and a mediator which is nominal with ten categories.
How reliable is the method described in the paper noted above when you have ten categories in the nominal mediator?
Thanks for considering this question,
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, October 30, 2012 - 5:35 pm
You should have a large enough number of observations in each category - how many is unknown without a simulation. I think the approach is cumbersome from an interpretation point of view with many categories.
Selahadin Ibrahim
posted on Wednesday, October 31, 2012 - 6:24 am
Thanks a lot
Selahadin Ibrahim
posted on Friday, January 25, 2013 - 5:55 am
Good morning Bengt,
In follow up to the question above, we were wondering if instead of a nominal mediator with ten categories, would a nominal mediator with three categories work?
More specifically, I have a dichotomous outcome with one nominal mediator (with three categories) and 9 dichotomous mediators. Eight of the nine dichotomous variables are thought to act on the outcome in a second level mediation through the ninth dichotomous variable (a->b->c->d). How feasible is the new causally-defined effects method for this complex model?
We feel confident that we have a large enough sample (with nearly 400k observations).
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, January 25, 2013 - 4:50 pm
Second-level (chained) causally-defined mediation with both nominal and binary mediators would be quite complex to set up I would think. Both the use of a nominal mediator and the use of a chain of mediators is new; I haven't seen applications of it. I would try to simplify the model or the analysis if possible.
Selahadin Ibrahim
posted on Monday, January 28, 2013 - 5:05 am
Thanks a lot.
HwaYoung Lee
posted on Thursday, June 20, 2013 - 9:22 am
Hi Drs. Muthen,
I have a categorical mediating variable (0/1) and one binary independent variable. Also, there were 16 covariate variables (dichotomous and continuous). A dependent variable is continuous variable.
I would like to calculate indirect effect.
Here is my code.
M on X;
Y on M;
Y on Cov1 to COV16;
X with COV1-COV16;
M with COV1-COV16;
Model Indirect:
Y ind M X;
Well, it didn't work.
Any suggestions?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, June 20, 2013 - 12:12 pm
You get this message because you include the covariates in the model:
X with COV1-COV16;
M with COV1-COV16;
The model is estimated conditioned on the covariates. You should remove the above statements.
HwaYoung Lee
posted on Thursday, June 20, 2013 - 12:51 pm
Thank you for your suggestion.
Is there any way to include these paths?
The reason why I inlcuded all cov variables is that I would like to test whether the mediating variable impact the dependent variable controlling all covariate variables.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, June 20, 2013 - 2:45 pm
The following two lines test the impact of m on y controlling for the exogenous covariates:
Y on M;
Y on Cov1 to COV16;
You don't need the WITH statements and should not include them.
HwaYoung Lee
posted on Monday, June 24, 2013 - 7:12 am
I really appreciate your help.
I have three more questions.
1) When I used bootstrap option, I coudldn't get CFI, TLI, RMSEA...but I got only WRMR. WRMR is 1.672 (I think it indicates that model fit is not good).
If I am interested in getting only indirect effects, is it okay to ignore poor model fit?
2)How can I get TLI, CFI.... and so on with bootstrap option?
3)When I looked at the diagram porvided from Mplus, all cov variables are correlated even though I didn't put the paths among those variables?
Could you explain why the diagram showed like this?
Again, thank you so much for your BIG help.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, June 24, 2013 - 11:21 am
The BOOTSTRAP option bootstraps only standard errors. Run the model without the BOOTSTRAP option to get the fit statistics. Ignore WRMR. It is an experimental fit statistic.
In regression, the model is estimated conditioned on the covariates. Their means, variances, and covariances are not model parameters. They are not uncorrelated during model estimation. This is why the arrows are in the diagram.
HwaYoung Lee
posted on Monday, June 24, 2013 - 11:35 am
Thank you Dr. Muthen.
This would be the last question.
I am only interested in mediating effects.
In the model, CFI=0.645; TLI=0.223;RMSEA=0.083.
Even though model fit is very very poor, can I use (or trust) parameter estimates (mediating effect)?
Thank you,
HwaYoung Lee
posted on Tuesday, June 25, 2013 - 9:56 am
Dear Dr. Muthen,
When I put the paths from 16 cov variabls to the mediating variable, CFI and TLI were 1.000. RMSEA is 0.
HOwever, the relationships between the mediating variable and 16 covs were not causal effects, but they have relationshps.
When I put <--> among covs and the mediating variable (M), the model didn't work. However, I put --> from covs to the M, the model worked really well.
Should I use --> (causal effect) instead of <--> (correlation) even though they are not causal effects?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, June 25, 2013 - 10:27 am
If model fit is poor, you cannot use the results for the mediation part of the model. Misfit means that the model does not represent the data well.
Your model should be based on theory not searching for a model that fits the data by experimentation.
Lars Bocker
posted on Wednesday, January 29, 2014 - 7:57 am
Dear Linda and Bengt,
In my model I have several independent variables which predict y through two mediators, one of which is nominal (m1).
m1 m2 y ON x1-x10;
y ON m1 m2;
m2 ON m1;
1) Would the only way to model this nominal mediator be through a mixture analysis latent class approach described in your paper on causal mediation? I have problems applying the corresponding syntax in table 50 and 51, particularly the model constraint part, to my model.
2) Or could my 4-category nominal mediator also be represented through specifying three (or four?) correlated dummies in one model? As the choice for one dummy excludes the choice for the others, I guess these correlations should be (very close to) -1.
3) Or would you advice me to simplify the nominal mediator into one dummy. This would be less ideal from a theoretical point of view, but might be the only feasible option.
Thanks in advance...
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, January 29, 2014 - 11:38 am
1) that would be the best way.
2) I haven't explored how well this would work.
3) Probably the easiest approach. And you would have to use WLSMV unless you take the causal approach, so that the mediator is a latent response variable and you get linear regressions for both mediator and distal.
Amanda Pollitt
posted on Friday, April 29, 2016 - 2:08 pm
Is there any way to do moderated mediation with a nominal mediator with multiple group analysis? Currently only one knownclass variable can be specified in Mplus.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Saturday, April 30, 2016 - 6:20 am
It's a little involved but you can combine the class variables of the nominal and the groups so that if you have 3 nominal categories and 2 groups you would have 6 classes for the single Knownclass variable. You just have to set the parameter restrictions right.
Chris Cambron
posted on Thursday, April 13, 2017 - 2:59 pm
Is there a way in Mplus to test for mediation where X is continuous, M is dichotomous, and Y is a count specified as negative binomial? As far as I understand from previous posts, a dichotomous M should be estimated using WLSMV but the negative binomial Y requires MLR. Thanks!
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Thursday, April 13, 2017 - 4:34 pm
Use ML - this will give you the correct counterfactually-defined indirect and direct effects. The mediator will be treated as binary in both regressions but that is ok visavis the effects (see our new book).
Chris Giebe
posted on Friday, April 21, 2017 - 3:48 am
I am looking into using latent class membership as a nominal mediator (my predictor and outcome variables are both continuous).
I have been reading your causal mediation paper (
) which refers in section 8 "Mediation modeling with a nominal mediator" to reference sections 13.4 for causal effects of a continuous outcome and 14.7 for Mplus syntax. However, these sections 13 and 14 seem to be omitted from the appendix.
I have also bought your book "regression and mediation analysis using Mplus" which contains a wonderful example 8.5.3. on data with a nominal mediator and a binary outcome. Both the MODEL part and MODEL CONSTRAINT seem very complex for my Mplus skills.
Do you know where I can find and example of input for a continuous predictor, nominal mediator, and continuous outcome? Is section 13.4 of the causal mediation paper available somewhere?
Or what changes would I have to do to the MODEL CONSTRAINT part of the nominal mediator, binary outcome example in your book to use a continuous outcome?
Thank in advance. -Chris
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, April 21, 2017 - 5:51 pm
You find the paper under
You will find what you search for by noting that there are 3 clicks here:
Muthén, B. (2011). Applications of causally defined direct and indirect effects in mediation analysis using SEM in Mplus. Click here to download the paper. Click here to view the Technical appendix that goes with this paper and click here for the Mplus input appendix. Click here to view Mplus inputs, data, and outputs used in this paper.
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Bernini and the Birth of Baroque Portrait Sculpture
28 Nov 2008 - 08 Mar 2009
The National Gallery of Canada is the sole Canadian venue for this international exhibition that explores the remarkable development of portrait sculpture in 17th-century Rome with 27 busts; 10 paintings; 12 drawings. Thanks to Gian Lorenzo Bernini and his contemporaries – Alessandro Algardi, Giuliano Finelli, François Duquesnoy, and Francesco Mochi – the portrait bust became an innovative and groundbreaking art form. These sculptors sought to capture likeness, character, and even the appearance of life, coaxing a living, breathing portrait from the intractable medium of stone through their virtuosic skill in carving. The rare opportunity to view these artists' works in close proximity sheds light on the remarkable artistic innovations of the period and provides a glimpse into the relationships among these artists as well as their individual styles. Bernini and the Birth of Baroque Portrait Sculpture is co-organized by the National Gallery of Canada and the J. Paul Getty Museum.


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Compare Child Custody attorneys near you. Read reviews, see Avvo Ratings, and contact them directly.
Get the legal help you need at a fixed price. No hidden fees or long-term commitment.
If you are getting divorced and have children, part of the divorce agreement will involve determining where and with whom the children will live. A child custody lawyer can help you negotiate custody, either by agreement or in court. The custodial parent (the one the child lives with) earns the legal right to make decisions regarding the child's lifestyle, welfare, and education. Some parents opt for joint custody, which means children divide their time between both parents' homes, and parents share the right to make decisions on behalf of the children. If you as parents are unable to agree on child custody, a judge will decide for you.


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Beautiful Condo in Hollywood
Size1400 ft²
Floor No.2
- Kitchen
- Air conditioning
- Washer/dryer
- Parking available
- Internet/WiFi
- Balcony/terrace
- Towels
Accommodation summary
|Sunset Blvd, 90028 Los Angeles, United States
|Property type
|Property ID
|Acceptance rate
|Response time
|A few hours
|Calendar updated
Area Info
The condo is just minutes away from the famed Sunset/Vine and Hollywood/Highland where you can walk the "Walk of Fame", experience the foot and hand prints of all of your favorite stars of past and present at the "Chinese Theater". You want nightlife... you have it! Just steps away for Hollywood's most famous clubs and bars. You will not go hungry too for there are several restaurants within walking distance as well as a 24hr convenient store right across the street. Post Office is also across the street!!! You really could not be in a better location!
House rulesNo parties allowed. ABSOLUTELY NO SMOKING INSIDE APARTMENT! A 250 € fee will incur for smoking.
A $300 Refundable Security Deposit will be collect at check in for damages and will be returned at the end of stay.
|Weekly rate for up to 5 guests
|£ 1221
|Monthly rate for up to 5 guests
|£ 3023
|Price for > 5 guests
|£ 20 per guest/night extra
|Check-in After
|Check-in before
|On arrangement
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Reviews of this property
From start to finish Dave and Dominic were easy to communicate with. The Condo is ideally situated, close to Sunset Blvd and Highland Avenue. Easy 10 minute walk to Hollywood Blvd. The Condo was clean and well laid out, with everything provided for a comfortable stay. The beds in both bedrooms and sofa in the Living room were very comfortable. We were a group of four and this condo accommodated us perfectly. We look forward to staying again.
Convenient location. Well appointed apartment. (Very homely) all facilities available that we needed and in quiet location. Very short walk distance to small shops.
Very nice flat, perfect situation in Hollywood , apartment as on the photos , very well furnished with all needed equipments and more...
The owners John and his brother Dominique are nice guys, available if problem and good guides also .
We definitely recommend this flat and would rent it again if possible
Wow! Hollywood! What's not to like... The apartment was great, John was hands down the best host that we've EVER encountered! Totally loved everything about the place, from the huge TVs (sorry, not really accustomed to the big TVs) in EVERY room (but loved it, just the same!) to the INCREDIBLY well stocked kitchen! I mean, DAMN!!! We felt like we had lived there for years and put all of that stuff in there ourselves! Was totally home like and we loved it so much, that we really hated to leave! Totally a GREAT experience! Location and proximity to busses and the interstate (highway) were an added plus, and close to the airport, too! If you're looking for a home away from home...look no further! This place was all of that, and the added convenience of local shops for food and clothes shopping as well as a 15-20 minute walk to the Hollywood Walk of Fame! This place is so TOTALLY A 5-STAR EXPERIENCE! Don't miss out!
If your looking for a place to stay in los angeles this is the place to stay.two bedrooms both with bathrooms,double beds and large screen tv's.at the top of the street take a right and the cat and fiddle pub shows all premiership and champions league football games.the condo is on a quiet side street with shops and food outlets on your door step,i booked this condo because all previous reviews were all postive which is a rear thing to see .john the host was always only a phone call away if you had any questions,book this condo you wont be disapointed.
The apartment is very nice and well equipped. John is very friendly and helpful.
12 .10. 2013
Die Wohnung ist sehr schön und gut ausgerüstet. John ist sehr freundlich und hilfsbereit.
12 .10. 2013
- Quality assured accommodation
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The following articles have been approved for use in upcoming association e-newsletters and publications. When reprinting articles from the American Christmas Tree Journal, please use the following credit line: "Reprinted with permission from the National Christmas Tree Association."
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Looking for wholesale Christmas Trees for your retail lot or precut trees for your Choose & Cut farm? Use NCTA's Locator Tool to search for wholesale tree.


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Stay connected with us to get the latest health and fitness news, innovative workouts, healthy recipes and wellness tips.
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ACE Fit Share
This boldly flavored spin on Hoppin' John replaces salt pork or bacon with lean pork chops. Plus we've added greens—in this case kale—a traditional accompaniment with the dish. Serve with cornbread and a glass of Spanish rioja.
Nutrition Profile:
Diabetes Appropriate
Healthy Weight
Heart Healthy
High Calcium
High Fiber
High Potassium
Low Calorie
Low Cholesterol
Low Sat Fat
Low Sodium
Serves 6
Prep Time 30 min
Total Time 45 min.
Step 1
Toss pork with 1/4 teaspoon salt and pepper. Heat oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium heat. Add the pork and cook, stirring, until just cooked through, 4 to 6 minutes. Transfer to a bowl with a slotted spoon.
Step 2
Add onion, tomato paste and rice to the pan and cook until the onion softens, about 4 minutes. Add kale and garlic and cook until the kale begins to wilt, 1 to 2 minutes. Stir in broth, vinegar, paprika and the remaining 1/4 teaspoon salt. Bring to a boil. Cover, reduce heat and simmer until the rice is done, 15 to 20 minutes. Stir in the reserved pork and black-eyed peas and heat for 1 minute.
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This workout provides a challenging total-body workout that can be done from the comfort of home with no equipment other than bodyweight and space.


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UTSA community invited to Jan. 21 MLK Day march
(Jan. 10, 2008)--UTSA community members are invited to participate in the Martin Luther King Day march on Jan. 21, hosted by the City of San Antonio. UTSA participation is coordinated by the Inclusion and Community Engagement Center.
Today's headlines
- La Prensa Foundation is newest member of UTSA Lone Star Society
- UTSA alumna Jordan Kaufmann wins $50K for new stent-graft start-up
- UTSA begins new way-finding sign installation this summer at Main Campus
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A bus will provide free transportation to and from the march site. The bus will depart at 8:30 a.m. on march day from the Convocation Center at the 1604 Campus. The first 60 students on the bus will receive a free t-shirt to wear during the march.
This marks the 22nd anniversary of the march in honor of civil rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Martin Luther King Jr. More than 100,000 adults and children are expected to participate in the nearly three-mile march through the community's East Side. San Antonio's march is the largest in the United States.
The MLK Commission organizes the march and leads the community effort of more than two dozen events paying tribute to King. A variety of educational, inspirational and celebratory events take place at city library branches, college and university campuses, and military installations.
For more information, visit the City of San Antonio Web site or contact the UTSA Inclusion and Community Engagement Center at (210) 458-4770.


text: I have a traditional OBD I and OBDII handheld scan tool for basic troubleshooting but being a techie I want my laptop or phone to record and PID's, codes, errors, so I can log them into a file excel can open. I have tried a couple that sadly only work on Apple devices or Windows, but not on Android (I have my phone with me all the time). Even my DiabloSport Intune will read OBDII Pids for diagnostics, but the minute you connect it to a laptop and want to log for more than 5 minutes the Intune will disconnect from the laptop and you have to sync it again and start a new log file. This apparently is something DiabloSport has a very low priority on fixing. Why have a perfect product right? Finally I have one that looks like it will work and it will be nice once I get it setup. More information to follow.


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Posted: February 20, 2004 in ACE Press Releases
SAN DIEGO, Calif. (Sept. 29, 2003) – According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, nearly 6 million people visit orthopedic surgeons each year because of knee problems. The American Council on Exercise (ACE), America's nonprofit fitness advocate, offers advice regarding proper biomechanics and a sound exercise training program that may reduce an individuals' risk for sustaining a sports-related knee injury.
Injuries to the ACL are among the most common of all sports-related knee injuries. Each year in the United States, approximately 250,000 people tear or rupture the ACL. An ACL becomes torn when it is stretched beyond its normal range of elasticity. The ACL stabilizes the knee and prevents the tibia from sliding forward beneath the femur. Once the ligament tears, it does not heal; it remains loose. Injury to the ACL usually requires surgery.
"Movements where there is a sudden deceleration, or a hard twist or change in direction, all put stress on the ACL," said Dr. Cedric Bryant, PhD., chief exercise physiologist for ACE. "It's also common for athletes to injure themselves where there is a hard planting of the foot, or landing with the knee extended instead of flexed."
The body is a link system, in which every muscle in the body controls the ACL and the knee. Rather than concentrating on knee exercises, athletes should strengthen the body's core muscles (hips, feet, truck, and shoulders) to reduce the risk of a knee injury. Exercises should include movement on all three planes: front and back, side to side, and rotational.
The following exercises are designed to imitate-in a controlled manner-the movements that can be found in different sports. These exercises are examples of chain-reaction movements from the video, Lower Extremity Performance and Prevention by Gary Gray, P.T. founder of Functional Design Systems in Adrian, Mich.
A complete article on ACL injuries and photographs of the top six exercises can be found in the August/September 2003 issue of ACE's Certified News.
About ACEThe American Council on Exercise (ACE), America's Authority on Fitness, is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the benefits of physical activity and protecting consumers against unsafe and ineffective fitness products and instruction. As the nation's "workout watchdog," ACE sponsors university-based exercise science research and testing that targets fitness products and trends. ACE sets standards for fitness professionals and is the world's largest nonprofit fitness certifying organization. For more information on ACE and its programs, call (800) 825-3636 or log onto the ACE Web site at www.acefitness.org.
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Today, ACE is the largest nonprofit health and fitness certification, education and training organization in the world with more than 65,000 certified professionals who hold more than 72,000 ACE Certifications. With a long heritage in certification, education, training and public outreach, we are among the most respected organizations in the industry and a resource the public has come to trust for health and fitness education.


text: There are a couple of upcoming theatre productions that I'm considering but would welcome some input. I already spend a considerable portion of my disposable income on season's tickets for a couple of companies, so these would be "extras," and I'm undecided. ~ Legally Blonde, The Musical. I remember the movie and thought it was cute, can't imagine it as a musical. It's being done by "Theatre Under the Stars" (fantastic outdoor venue in Stanley Park) and I usually try to go to at least one of their productions every summer -- the other one this year is How to Succeed in Business and I can't possibly see that because I saw the Daniel Radcliffe/John Larrocette version in New York. ~ Other Desert Cities. I know it got a bunch of Tony noms, but was that for the star power or the play itself? I'm not worried about the level of acting being substandard here (I've rarely been disappointed with their performances), but if the play itself isn't that special ... TIA.


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Pony stretches legs with 8 hour gallop
Trip Start May 07, 2011
20Trip End Nov 09, 2011
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Picked up our white Mustang convertible
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Spun up the rear wheels as often as possible :)
Touched the ocean at Trinidad
We started heading south on the Pacific Coast Highway. After about 20 minutes it occurred to us that we should drive to the top of California and drive the whole length instead so we turned around and drove the 8 hour trip to the top of California (on the 101 which is slightly quicker - and gave us a different view). The views must have been good because we didn't notice the time pass really.
We didn't really stop, except to put the lid down (as Alison likes to call it) until we got hungry at about 7 in the evening
After dinner we went for a wander down on the beach and touched the Pacific ocean. We continued on up the highway 101 to a very very little place called Orick where we found a cheap motel. We had to ring a buzzer to get the owner to come out. A very nice lady of about a hundred and seventy years old and quite slow. Felt really bad about making her move. She really liked the name Matthew.


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I'm thankful that Tebow didn't end up on the Cowboys.
Think about it: Rhomo plays an excellent 3/4 of a game. Then he just collapses in clutch time. Tebow is the exact opposite: horrible for most of the game, and then pulls off a miracle finish somehow. The two would have complemented well. Not to mention Tebow's christianity would have been a benefit to the religious parts of the Dallas fanbase. And so I, as a Giants fan, am thankful that didn't happen.