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Focus on Native PlantsFun for the Little OnesLabor Day HoursStarry, Starry NightsWanted: Hard-Working Nature LoversBeat the HeatNature at NightAdvisory Board NoticeYouTube Spotlight – Airboat Rides at Everglades Holiday ParkFollow Us – On TwitterNature To GoYour Opinion Counts!Nature Centers of the Broward County Parks and Recreation DivisionSpecial AttractionsMission StatementBroward County Board of County Commissioners
Focus on Native Plants
In subtropical South Florida just about anything you stick in the ground has a good chance of growing, which is why so many plants classified variously as non-native, invasive, or exotic can thrive. Such plants may have been introduced intentionally. Australian pines, for example, were originally planted throughout the region as shade trees and windbreaks; now they're out of control in many areas. Likewise melaleucas, which were once recommended as ornamental landscape trees but are now considered a nuisance plant.
Other times unwitting home landscapers cultivate the wrong kinds of plants, thanks to misinformation from such seemingly reliable sources as books, friends, nurseries, and the Internet. A home landscape including, say, areca and Chinese fan palms, wandering Jew vines, lantana shrubs, flowering four o'clock and ground orchids, and such trees as schefflera, weeping fig, mimosa, and orchid trees might seem like a good plan, but all these plants wreak varying degrees of havoc on the native environment. Even such fruit trees as mango, guava, and sapodilla come with their own sets of problems. And forget about tossing out houseplants that have outgrown their containers – they can easily take root and spread until they run amok.
That, simply put, is the potential problem. Non-native, invasive, and exotic plants can go wild in our yards, parks, and natural areas and on our roadsides and canal banks. The vast majority pose so serious threat, but some grow out of control, competing with native vegetation and gradually displacing it, forever altering ecosystems that have developed over millions of years.
The most notorious invasive plants – the aforementioned Australian pines and melaleucas, along with Brazilian pepper – have long been targeted by intensive campaigns to curb their spread. But you can also do your part simply by paying closer attention to what you grow in your own yard. Don't trust older editions of landscaping guides, which may contain outdated information, and don't buy plants just because they're pretty or your friends or neighbors recommend them. And by all means don't put indiscriminate faith in the Internet, which is rife with misinformation.
The key is educating yourself on what you put into the ground and what you do with it once it's planted, and for help with that you can turn to Broward County parks. From 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Saturday, September 1, Secret Woods Nature Center in Dania Beach will hold its Go Native in Broward County Plant Sale, which emphasizes the right kinds of plants to grow in your home landscape. Then, from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Saturday, September 8, Fern Forest Nature Center in Coconut Creek will have its Fall Into Foliage Native Plant Sale, a comparable event. Gardening information and other activities will be offered at both events.
For more information, call Fern Forest at 954-357-5198 or Secret Woods at 954-357-8884. The nature centers are accessible via Broward County Transit Routes #31 and #42 (Fern Forest) and #6 (Secret Woods).
Fun for the Little Ones
It's no secret that Nature Tots has been teaching tykes to appreciate the great outdoors for years. The program was the brainchild of a park naturalist in 2003.
The one-hour programs, for ages 2 to 4 accompanied by an adult, focus on a different theme each month, with each site's naturalist free to embellish on it according to his/her style. A typical program might start with stories, songs, or arts and crafts and end with a short nature walk.
The dates for this month will be September 12 at Fern Forest Nature Center in Coconut Creek, and September 17 at West Lake Park in Hollywood, and September 26 at Secret Woods Nature Center in Dania Beach.
Programs run from 10 to 11 a.m. The fee is $5 per child, and preregistration is required. Programs are on the second Thursday at Fern Forest Nature Center in Coconut Creek, the third Tuesday at West Lake Park, and the fourth Thursday at Secret Woods.
For more information on program or to preregister, call Fern Forest at 954-357-5198 or Secret Woods at 954-357-8884. Fern Forest is accessible via Broward County Transit Routes #31 and #42. West Lake is accessible via Route #12. Secret Woods is accessible via Route #6.
Labor Day Hours
All Broward County regional parks (including water parks and campgrounds), and all nature centers, neighborhood parks, and natural areas will be open on Monday, September 2, Labor Day. Deerfield Island Park and the administrative offices of the Parks and Recreation Division will be closed.
Starry, Starry Nights
The South Florida Amateur Astronomers Association (SFAAA) opens the Fox Observatory at Markham Park in Sunrise every Saturday evening, weather permitting, for free stargazing from dusk to midnight.
The SFAAA also hosts the quarterly program An Evening With the Stars at Fern Forest Nature Center in Coconut Creek, where speakers cover basic telescope techniques and general astronomy information. The next session will start at 7 p.m. on Friday, September 20, and the program is free and for all ages.
For more information, call Fern Forest at 954-357-5198 or the SFAAA at 954-384-0442, or email email@example.com. The nature center is accessible via Broward County Transit Routes #31 and #42, while Markham is accessible via Route #23.
Wanted: Hard-Working Nature Lovers
The Parks and Recreation Division is responsible for managing 21 designated natural areas throughout Broward county, with some of them already open to the public and others at various stages of development. Volunteers are crucial to maintaining the historic plant and animal communities found in these areas, many of which periodically schedule Natural Area Workdays that emphasize removing invasive plants threatening to overrun the sites' native habitats.
Four such workdays have been announced for Saturdays from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.: September 21 and October 5 at Tall Cypress Natural Area in Coral Springs, and November 16 and December 7 at Miramar Pineland. Volunteers must preregister by emailing email@example.com, and participants must wear closed-toe shoes and long pants; long sleeves, hats, and sunscreen are also recommended. Gloves, eye protection, and drinking water are provided.
These workdays not only help the natural areas in question, they also provide informal laboratories for participants to learn more about Broward County's ecosystems. For high school students who volunteer, the hours they contribute count toward the service hours required for graduation.
Beat the Heat
With summer coming to a close, you've probably noticed that subtropical heat and humidity are still lingering. That's no reason to stay cooped up indoors – not when you can take refuge in our North Broward Natural Areas, some of which will host Beat the Heat Hikes, every other weekend running through September. These hourlong naturalist-led hikes will take you through scrub, pine flatwood, and cypress habitats as you learn about how plants and animals adapt to summer heat.
Saturday hikes (this month September 14 and 28) will be at Highlands Scrub Natural Area in Pompano Beach, 8 to 9 a.m. Sunday hikes will consist of three morning hikes – two at Helene Klein Pineland Preserve in Coconut Creek (which also includes a side trip to nearby West Creek Pineland Natural Area), from 8 to 9 a.m. on September 1, 15, and 29, and the others at Hillsboro Pineland Natural Area from 9:30 to 10:30 a.m. on September 1, 15, and 29.
Participants are encouraged to wear sunscreen and bring drinking water. Please note that restrooms are available only at Hillsboro Pineland. The hikes are free, although preregistration is required by calling Quiet Waters Park at 954-357-5100.
Nature at Night
One night, two choices for nature outings in different areas of the county: Friday, September 20. From 7:30 to 8:30 p.m., Hollywood North Beach Park will offer another Night Hike by the Seashore. Participants will learn techniques for observing creatures of the night while hiking the beach and adjacent coastal areas. The fee is $5/person, and preregistration and prepayment are required through the nearby Anne Kolb Nature Center, 954-357-5161. Hollywood North Beach is accessible via Broward County Transit Routes #4 and #12.
There's also a night hike much farther inland, as in the Full Moon Hike at Long Key Natural Area & Nature Center, from 8 to 9 p.m. A naturalist will lead hikers along the nature center's trails to watch the moonrise through the oaks while listening to stories, myths, and legends from around the world. The fee is also $5/person. For required preregistration or more information, call Long Key at 954-357-8797.
Advisory Board Notice
The public is invited to the next meeting of the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board, which is scheduled for 7:30 a.m. on Friday, September 13. The meeting will take place at Anne Kolb Nature Center, 751 Sheridan St., Hollywood 33019; 954-357-5161. Anne Kolb is accessible via Broward County Transit Route #12. For more information, follow this link.
YouTube Spotlight – Airboat Rides at Everglades Holiday Park
Broward County Parks now has its own YouTube Channel at www.YouTube.com/BrowardCountyParks. Ride through the river of grass at Everglades Holiday Park. Watch our video and see what could be waiting for you next time you visit.
Follow Us – On Twitter
Broward County Parks is now on Twitter! Follow us at @BrowardParks and keep up to date with important information, events, programs, and other happenings. Twitter accounts have also been created for several of our parks. Visit the Broward County Government Stay Connected Web page to follow your favorite park.
Nature To Go
You can now take a little bit of Broward County nature home with you – thanks to a series of nature posters produced and sold by Broward County Parks. The six posters, all photographed in the county's parks, nature centers, and natural areas, feature American white waterlilies, burrowing owls, a gray fox, live oak trees, a prairie iris, and a queen butterfly. The posters look great either framed or unframed, and they're a distinctive way to bring a taste of nature into your home or office. They also make excellent gifts.
The offices at seven facilities have the posters available for purchase: the Anne Kolb Nature Center at West Lake Park in Hollywood, Fern Forest Nature Center in Coconut Creek, Long Key Natural Area & Nature Center in Davie, Markham Park in Sunrise, Plantation Heritage Park in Plantation, Tree Tops Park in Davie, and T.Y. Park in Hollywood.
The high-quality posters, which measure 18 inches by 24 inches, retail for $10, including Florida sales tax. You can also purchase posters by mail from Broward County Parks and Recreation, 950 N.W. 38th St., Oakland Park, FL 33309. Mail-order posters are $15 (includes Florida sales tax, shipping, and handling), with checks/money orders payable to Broward County Parks and Recreation. For more information, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
Your Opinion Counts!
We'd like to know what you think about our programs and facilities. Please take a moment to tell us how we're doing by filling out this survey.
Nature Centers of the Broward County Parks and Recreation Division
Anne Kolb Nature Center
751 Sheridan St., Hollywood
Deerfield Island Park
1720 Deerfield Island Park
Deerfield Beach
Fern Forest Nature Center
201 Lyons Rd. South Coconut Creek
Long Key Natural Area & Nature Center
3501 S.W. 130th Ave.
Secret Woods Nature Center
2701 W. State Rd. 84 Dania Beach
For more nature activities, please go to broward.org/parks.
Special Attractions
Airboat Rides (Everglades Holiday Park) – Batting Cages (AllGolf at C.B. Smith Park) – Bike America (Quiet Waters Park) – Butterfly World (Tradewinds Park & Stables) – Cable Water-Skiing (Ski Rixen USA at Quiet Waters Park) – Campgrounds (C.B. Smith Park, Easterlin Park, Markham Park & Target Range, Quiet Waters Park, T.Y. (Topeekeegee Yugnee) Park) – Dog Park (Barkham at Markham Park & Target Range) – Educational Farm (Tradewinds Park & Stables) – Exhibit Halls (Anne Kolb Nature Center at West Lake Park, Fern Forest Nature Center, Long Key Natural Area & Nature Center, Secret Woods Nature Center) – Golf Facilities (AllGolf at C.B. Smith Park) – Softball/Baseball Fields (Brian Piccolo Park & Velodrome, Sunview Park, Tradewinds Park & Stables) – Observatory (Markham Park & Target Range) – Riding Stables (Tradewinds Park & Stables, Tree Tops Park) – Skate Park/Track (Brian Piccolo Park & Velodrome) – Target Range (Markham Park & Target Range) – Tennis Centers (Brian Piccolo Park & Velodrome, C.B. Smith Park) – Velodrome (Brian Piccolo Park & Velodrome) – Water Playgrounds/ Waterslides/Swimming (C.B. Smith Park, Central Broward Regional Park & Stadium, Quiet Waters Park, T.Y. (Topeekeegee Yugnee) Park)
Mission Statement
The Parks and Recreation Division is dedicated to providing a countywide park system with diverse facilities and recreation opportunities, along with natural area conservation and research-based educational outreach, to enhance the well-being of residents, businesses, and visitors.
Founded in February 1956 and accredited by the Commission for Accreditation of Park and Recreation Agencies, Broward County Parks and Recreation Division manages almost 6,500 acres, encompassing nearly 50 regional parks and nature centers, neighborhood parks, and natural areas at various stages of development. Facilities include water parks, campgrounds, a target range, a stadium, a skate park, an observatory, mountain bike trails, an educational farm with stables, and a velodrome and other sports facilities. Hours and fees vary by location. For more information, visit broward.org/parks.
Individuals with disabilities requiring accommodations in order to participate in programs, services, and activities must contact the Special Populations Section at 954-357-8170 or TTY 954-537-2844 at least five (5) business days prior to the scheduled meeting or event.
Broward County Board of County Commissioners
Sue GunzburgerDale V.C. HolnessKristin JacobsMartin David KiarChip LaMarcaStacy RitterTim RyanBarbara ShariefLois Wexler
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Does anyone a think it would be a good (or terrible) idea to put medium frames into the buskill swarm trap? I'm building the "bush kill swarm trap 2" which is 15" deep and designed for deep frames with space below the frames, but I would like to run all medium equipment. The only issue I could think of is if I don't get to the trap quick enough, bees may build comb below the frames. Any thoughts? Maybe the designer himself could chime in? Thanks.
- Adam

subset: commoncrawl


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It is the street term for the psychoactive substance derived banana peels. It is smoked, inhaled, or injected for an intense high between LSD and DMT. Supposedly US Soldiers used to smoke "banrack" in Vietnam.
A banana is treated with a series of lighter fluid and ether for a span of a few days, then allowed to dry. Then you have banrack, and it is smoked. There are often several other methods, and other ways it is smoked similar to crack.
by Adam C. B. February 18, 2008


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cheesecake2010 uses Playfire to track their stats and meet gamers to play with! Get your own profile for free.
I am paul 28 from east mids uk. love games. spec racing and footie games,
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What is in this article?:
- Air Conditioning—New Prospects for an Established Industry
- A Contributing Factor to Prosperity
- Will Become a Necessity
- Use of Refrigeration Growing
- Press Button—Heat or Cool Your Home
A look back at an article from the inaugural (May 1929) issue of HPAC Engineering by the man known for inventing modern air conditioning, Willis H. Carrier.
EDITOR'S NOTE: Eighty-five years ago this month (in May 1929), the first issue of HPAC Engineering, then called Heating Piping and Air Conditioning, was published. Among the inaugural issue's articles was "Air Conditioning—New Prospects for an Established Industry," by the man known for inventing modern air conditioning, Willis H. Carrier. On this Throwback Thursday, we take a look back at that article.
Twenty-five years ago "air conditioning" was an unknown quantity, either in theory or practice. Now it is a well established industry.
Today, air conditioning is recognized as a scientific method by which it is possible to control manufacturing conditions in certain industries, so that the products do not vary in quality from day to day and from season to season. Not only is quality maintained, but the production is not interrupted due to unfavorable weather conditions. Thus the cost of production is decreased.
Air conditioning undoubtedly is effecting an economic gain in various industries throughout this country of millions of dollars annually. In some industries, air conditioning equipment has been known to pay for itself in the first month of operation, while in others, calculable savings are found to pay for the equipment in the first three or four years.
The intangible advantages may be even of greater value. On the estimated amount of air conditioning equipment in use, and the average return to the user which it produces, it is probable that the present economic saving in the United States alone is nearly $15,000,000 annually.
Any normally healthy industry, especially if it be a relatively new industry, will show each year a geometric progression in its curve of increase. The curve of the air conditioning industry is one which shows a doubling in volume about every five years. This, of course, is much more rapid than the geometric curve of the growth in population of the country. While this may be explained in part by the increasing per capita purchasing power of the individual, the principal reason lies in the fact that air conditioning has decreased greatly the labor as well as the capital required per unit of production in such industries. Thus, air conditioning, by lessening the cost of production, has not only increased the profits of the manufacturer, but it has ultimately increased the purchasing capacity of the individual.


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Why CEPT cert is not know?
So why it's not a popular cert? Is it marketing at there end (infosec)?
Specific discussions on preparing for and taking the CPTC exam by Mile2.
KamiCrazy wrote:I'm doing it. Nothing wrong with the course.
impelse wrote:Where do you get the material, just only from infosec?
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A field study reveals new evidence for airborne communication in sagebrush plants
Anna Lena Phillips
A group of plant studies in the early eighties generated a lot of excitement—which was quickly followed by derision. These so-called talking trees studies suggested that plants might communicate in order to warn other plants, and other parts of themselves, of imminent attack by herbivorous insects.
Back then, though, the alarm mechanisms were unclear. And after a high-profile critical review of the results was published in American Naturalist, the studies fell into relative obscurity. "People felt as if, we've heard these ideas, we've considered them, they've been debunked, this stuff is kind of nonsense," says Richard Karban, an entomologist at the University of California, Davis, who studies plant-herbivore interactions.
But when Karban encountered a 1990 study by Edward Farmer and Clarence Ryan, he was intrigued. The results showed that placing a tomato plant and a damaged cutting from a sagebrush plant (Artemisia tridentata) into a vacuum jar increased the levels of compounds that appeared to be defensive against insect damage in the tomato—even though the tomato and sagebrush had no physical contact.
At the time, Karban was working in the field with wild tobacco, a relative of tomatoes. "I found myself surrounded by sagebrush," he says. "And I thought, maybe I'll do a quick and dirty experiment to see if clipping sagebrush makes neighboring tobacco plants more resistant." It did—in a natural setting rather than in the lab—and Karban was able to replicate the results. "That really got me going," he says.
He went on to show that individual sagebrush plants used airborne chemical cues for communication between their own branches. "So it got me thinking, okay, maybe these signals are largely about within-plant, within-individual communication," he says, "and then I wondered if plants might be able to distinguish their own cues from the cues of other individuals. That's what motivated this particular experiment."
Many plants can use a vascular system of communication—not so for desert plants. "These desert shrubs, including sagebrush, are very poor at using vascular signals to integrate their physiological responses. So, to get systemic-induced resistance—in other words, if you damage one branch of an individual, for the other branches to respond to that damage—volatile cues were required," Karban says.
He knew that communication in sagebrush occurred through such volatile cues: In a previous study, he clipped plants' leaves inside plastic bags, sealed them, and then placed them in proximity to other plants. The plants nearby showed no greater resistance to herbivory—but plants next to unbagged, clipped plants evinced greater resistance.
Karban and his colleague Kaori Shiojiri, of the Center for Ecological Research at Kyoto University, wanted to see whether the effect increased for sagebrush plants responding to cues from their own branches as compared with cues from other, "nonself" sagebrush—and whether this distinction required a physical connection between the plants.
To find out, they cloned sagebrush plants from the south edge of Taylor Meadow in the Sagehen Creek Natural Reserve in California. The cuttings were grown in individual pots, then each pot was placed 5 centimeters from another sagebrush plant growing in the meadow.
In May 2007 and 2008, they placed 15 such clones next to their parent plants, and 15 next to unrelated plants. Then they chose one branch of each clone and clipped the edges of one third of the leaves on it. Two more groups were established to create a control: Some rooted plants were observed, and some were clipped in the same manner as the clones and observed.
Near the end of the summer, in September, they measured the amount of leaf damage on the rooted plants caused by herbivores (mainly grasshoppers) during the course of the season. The results were consistent over both years: Rooted parent plants with a clipped clone of themselves nearby sustained 42 percent less damage from herbivores than those plants with a nonself clone nearby. And the rooted plants that were neither clipped nor near a clipped plant at the beginning of the summer experienced the most damage of all.
Karban and Shiojiri's study, published in the June issue of Ecology Letters, is the first to show that plants can respond more strongly to volatile cues released by themselves or clones of themselves than those released by nonself plants, with no physical contact involved. In addition, analysis of the volatile compounds released by the clipped plants revealed a large amount of variation in those compounds within individual plants, suggesting a greater facility for serving as cues.
Consuelo De Moraes, a professor of entomology at the Pennsylvania State University, finds the variations between individuals' volatile profiles interesting. "This is an exciting study," she says. "These findings raise fascinating questions about the nature of the mechanisms by which plants perceive volatile signals." And, she adds, for plants to have such distinct responses to signals from their own branches and those from other plants, "fairly sophisticated" mechanisms might be required.
Karban's next step is to try to sort out whether volatile communication is part of a genetic system. This would have implications for kin selection (when organisms adopt strategies that help their relatives' reproductive success), which requires the ability to recognize related organisms. The demonstrated ability of sagebrush plants to respond differently to self-derived cues and cues from other plants is a start.
Some setbacks, including a fungus that infected some plants in his lab, have slowed Karban's work; as he notes wryly, "Field work is a very stochastic process." Even so, his studies have made him optimistic about future discoveries: "I think that we're likely to experience a lot of surprises about what plants are capable of."
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This is just a Memorandum at this point but it looks like it's worth signing your name to it.
Posted:January 11, 2013 04:12 PM
From: Representative Daryl Metcalfe
To: All House members
Subject: Right to Bear Arms Protection Act
I am currently having legislation drafted that is similar to firearm legislation recently introduced in Wyoming. My legislation would prohibit the enforcement of any new federal restriction, prohibition or registration requirement for firearms, magazines, and ammunition. My legislation would also require the state to intercede on behalf of Pennsylvania citizens against any federal attempt to register, ban or restrict the purchase or ownership of firearms and firearms accessories which are currently legal products.
I hope you will join me in defending the Second Amendment in Pennsylvania.
If you have any questions, please contact Nicole Wilbourn at email@example.com or 717-783-1707.
The Pennsylvania House of Representatives - House Co-sponsorship Memoranda
Sign it here
PA State Rep. Daryl Metcalfe - Standing Up to Gun Control


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An Affair To Remember Nillson live at Tryst
Harry Edward Nilsson III (June 15 1941 January 15 1994) was an American singer-songwriter who achieved the peak of his commercial success in the early 1970s. On all but his earliest recordings he is credited as Nilsson. He is known for the hit singles "Everybody's Talkin'" (1969) "Without You" (1971) and "Coconut" (1972). Nilsson also wrote the song One made famous by the rock band Three Dog Night. His career is notable for the fact that he was one of the few major pop-rock recording artists of his era to achieve significant commercial success without ever performing major public concerts or undertaking regular tours.
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Motorcycles banned from trail to protect native Colorado fish
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo - Federal land managers will ban motorcycles on a popular trail system near Colorado Springs to protect the endangered greenback cutthroat trout.
The Forest Service will close the trails around Bear Creek in the Pike National Forest to settle a lawsuit filed by the Center for Biological Diversity.
The suit said erosion from motorcycles damages fish habitat.
Research reported last summer said the Bear Creek greenback cutthroats were the only genetically pure population left. About 750 live in four miles of the creek.
The Center for Biological Diversity praised the decision.
Don Riggle of the Colorado Trails Preservation Alliance, which advocates for motorcycle trail access, says motorcycles are being unfairly singled out. He says mountain bikes, horses and hikers cause more damage than motorcycles.


text: Just joined the forum today in hopes of learning more about my truck. :happy: I am a die hard Chevy person, tried other trucks & just like my Chevy's much more! I have owned everything from a 1984 Chevy 2wd truck with 3 on the tree, to a 2003 Chevy Avalanche. I am now the owner of a 1994 Chevy Silverado, 2wd extended cab with a 5.0 L engine. I do like to do the small work on it myself & when I do have to take it to a mechanic, I like to know what's wrong with it when I take it so I don't get a "snow job" from them because I am a woman! I look forward to all the help I know I will be able to get from this forum & hopefully I will be able to pass on some help myself. :sign0144: Libby


text: I got some honey from a cut-out that had a drone-laying queen. Stucco was in most of the honey so I couldn't process it. The hive it came from was otherwise healthy and the honey I was able to extract had a black licorice smell and when you tasted it, for just a moment like the snap of a finger, it had black licorice flavor then went right to a very nice spring honey flavor. The color is about medium amber. Any ideas what kind of plant can give it that zing?


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Cyberspace and the Changing Nature of Warfare
Great article in SC Magazine by Kenneth Geers:
Much more at:
http://www.scmagazineus.com/Cyberspace- ... le/115929/
Strategists must be aware that part of every political and military conflict will take place on the internet, says Kenneth Geers.
Practically everything that happens in the real world is mirrored in cyberspace.
For national security planners, this includes propaganda, espionage, reconnaissance, targeting, and – to a limited extent – warfare itself.
Strategists must be aware that part of every political and military conflict will take place on the internet, whose ubiquitous and unpredictable characteristics mean that the battles fought there can be just as important, if not more so, than events taking place on the ground.
Aggressive cyberwarfare strategies and tactics offer many advantages to their prospective employers, and current events demonstrate that cyber conflict is already commonplace around the world. As a consequence, national security leadership must dramatically improve its understanding of the technology, law, and ethics of cyber attack and defense, so that it can competently factor cyberwarfare into all stages of national security planning.
Cyberwarfare: Strategy
The internet's imperfect design allows hackers to surreptitiously read, delete, and/or modify information stored on or traveling between computers. There are about 100 additions to the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database each month.1 Attackers, armed with constantly evolving malicious code, likely have more paths into your network and the secrets it contains than your system administrators can protect.
The objectives of cyberwarfare practitioners speak for themselves: the theft of research and development data, eavesdropping on sensitive communications, and the delivery of powerful propaganda deep behind enemy lines (to name a few). The elegance of computer hacking lies in the fact that it may be attempted for a fraction of the cost – and risk – of any other information collection or manipulation strategy.
Cyberdefense is still an immature discipline. Traditional law enforcement skills are inadequate, and it is difficult to retain personnel with highly marketable technical skills. Challenging computer investigations are further complicated by the international nature of the internet. Finally, in the case of state-sponsored computer network operations, law enforcement cooperation will be either Potemkin or nonexistent.
The maze-like architecture of the internet offers cyber attackers a high degree of anonymity. Smart hackers can route attacks through countries with which the victim's government has poor diplomatic relations and no law enforcement cooperation. Even successful investigations often lead only to another hacked computer. Governments today face the prospect of losing a cyber conflict without ever knowing the identity of their adversary.
Nation-states endeavor to retain as much control as they can over international conflict. However, globalization and the internet have considerably strengthened the ability of anyone to follow current events, as well as the power to shape them. Transnational subcultures now spontaneously coalesce online, and influence myriad political agendas, without reporting to any chainofcommand. A challenge for national security leadership is whether such activity could spin delicate diplomacy out of control.
Cyberwarfare: Tactics
Increasingly, governments around the world complain publicly of cyber espionage.2 On a daily basis, anonymous computer hackers secretly and illegally copy vast quantities of computer data and network communications. Theoretically, it is possible to conduct devastating intelligencegathering operations, even on highly sensitive political and military communications, remotely from anywhere in the world.
Cheap and effective, propaganda is often both the easiest and the most powerful cyber attack. Digital information, in text or image format –and regardless of whether it is true – can be instantly copied and sent anywhere in the world, even deep behind enemy lines. And provocative information that is removed from the Web may appear on another website in seconds.
The simple strategy behind a DoS attack is to deny the use of a computer resource to legitimate users. The most common tactic is to flood the target with so much superfluous data that it cannot respond to real requests for services or information. Other DoS attacks include physical destruction of computer hardware and the use of electromagnetic interference, designed to destroy unshielded electronics via current or voltage surges.3
Data modification is extremely dangerous, because a successful attack can mean that legitimate users (human or machine) will make an important decision(s) based on maliciously altered information. Such attacks range from website defacement (often referred to as "electronic graffiti," but which can still carry propaganda or disinformation) to database attacks intended to corrupt weapons or Command and Control (C2) systems.
National critical infrastructures are, like everything else, increasingly connected to the internet. However, because instant response is often required, and because associated hardware may have insufficient computing resources, security may not be robust. The management of electricity may be especially important for national security planners to evaluate, because electricity has no substitute, and all other infrastructures depend on it.4 Finally, it is important to note that almost all critical infrastructures are in private hands.
Much more at:
http://www.scmagazineus.com/Cyberspace- ... le/115929/
CISSP, MCSE, CSTA, Security+ SME


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With 399 acres of vineyards situated in the best Grands Crus and Premiers Crus villages, Bollinger relies on its own estate for nearly two-thirds of its grape requirements, including the Pinot Noir that gives its Champagne its distinctive roundness and elegance. Bollinger is one of a select few houses that can control the quality of its grape supply so carefully.
Bollinger is renowned for its stringent quality standards. It adheres to traditional methods, including individual vinification of each marc and cru, barrel fermentation (it is the last Champagne house to employ a full-time cooper) and extra-aging on the lees prior to disgorgement.
Members of the British Royal Court were among the first to embrace Bollinger's unmistakable quality, and Queen Victoria made Bollinger the exclusive purveyor to the Court by Royal Warrant in 1884. Besides royalty, loyal devotees have included heads of state, celebrities and even famous fictional characters: Agent 007, James Bond, demands the exclusive Champagne Bollinger.


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A Commentary on The Way of the BodhisattvaThe fourteenth Dalai Lama, a living embodiment of the bodhisattva ideal, presents here detailed practical guidance based on sections of The Way of the Bodhisattva by Shantideva, the best-known text of Mahayana Buddhism. The Dalai Lama explains this classic and beloved work, showing how anyone can develop a truly "good heart" and the aspiration for the enlightenment of all beings. In this book, the Dalai Lama shares his extraordinary insight… Read More
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A Practice for Awakening the HeartIn this treasure, the renowned Zen monk Thich Nhat Hanh offers timeless insight into the nature of real love. With simplicity and warmth, he explores the four key aspects of love as described in the Buddhist tradition: loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and freedom. Thich Nhat Hanh presents transformative practices to cultivate these qualities in our day-to-day lives. He also describes how to lovingly accept ourselves when we are in the midst… Read More
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The Way of Leadership
Timeless Strategies for Success from Zen and Taoist MastersProven to be invaluable resources for anyone in a position of power, here are three of China's greatest classical works on leadership, warriorship, and strategy: The Art of War. Read by David Warrilow. This timeless guide is perhaps the most influential book of strategy in the world today. Zen Lessons. Read by Michael O'Keefe. These core teachings of China's greatest Zen masters… Read More
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Start Where You Are
A Guide to Compassionate LivingStart Where You Are is an indispensable audiobook for cultivating fearlessness and awakening a compassionate heart. With insight and humor, Pema Chödrön offers guidance on how we can accept our flaws and embrace ourselves wholeheartedly as a prerequisite for developing compassion. Chödrön frames her teachings around fifty-nine traditional Tibetan Buddhist slogans (called lojong in Tibetan), such as: "Always apply only a joyful state of mind" and "Don't seek others' pain… Read More
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How to Sustain Intimacy and Nurture Genuine ConnectionIntimacy is one of the great powers and joys of life, yet all too often it gets clouded by miscommunication, a loss of affection, and a lack of mutual support. Here therapist David Richo shows us how to use mindfulness to better understand ourselves and our partners so that we can:Increase our capacity to give and receive love by recognizing how our past relationships affect our current lifeImprove physical and… Read More
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The Tibetan Book of the DeadIn this classic scripture of Tibetan Buddhism—traditionally read aloud to the dying to help them attain liberation—death and rebirth are seen as a process that provides an opportunity to recognize the true nature of mind. This translation by Chögyam Trungpa and Francesca Fremantle emphasizes the practical advice that the book offers to the living, and Fremantle's insightful introduction explains the text and presents a psychological perspective on its teachings. Read… Read More
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The Way of the BodhisattvaTreasured by Buddhists of all traditions, Shantideva's Way of the Bodhisattva is a guide for anyone seeking to cultivate the mind of enlightenment and the qualities of love, compassion, patience, and generosity. Presented in the form of a personal meditation in verse, it outlines the path of the Bodhisattvas—those who renounce the peace of individual enlightenment, and vow to work for the liberation of all beings and to attain Buddhahood… Read More
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And the Path of Loving-KindnessIt's true, as they say, that we can only love others when we first love ourselves and we can only experience real joy when we stop running from pain. The key to understanding these truisms lies in remaining open to life in all circumstances, and here Pema Chödrön shows us how. Because when we embrace the happiness and suffering, intelligence and confusion that are a natural part of life, we… Read More
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Comfortable with Uncertainty
108 Teachings on Cultivating Fearlessness and CompassionComfortable with Uncertainty offers short, stand-alone teachings designed to help us cultivate compassion and awareness amid the challenges of daily living. Gleaned from Pema Chödrön's best-selling books, these passages explore topics of loving-kindness, mindfulness, "nowness," letting go, and working with painful emotions. They also offer meditation instructions for heightening awareness and overcoming habitual patterns that block happiness. By the end of the cycle of teachings, the listener will have completed… Read More
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The Places That Scare You
A Guide to Fearlessness in Difficult TimesWe always have a choice, Pema Chödrön teaches: We can let the circumstances of our lives harden us and make us increasingly resentful and afraid—or we can let them soften us and make us kinder. Here Pema provides the tools to deal with the difficulties that life throws our way so we can: wholeheartedly accept ourselves and others, complete with imperfections stay in the… Read More
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|Topic Review (Newest First)
GH/KH Test Results are In:
15 kH
15 gH
15 kH
11 gH
Current Tank Water (Was all Post-Softener):
15 kH
7 gH
So - does this assist in determining if I should use well water, softened water?
Any additional steps to take with the water pre-water change?
Any help would be appreciated.
Dry Ferts came (bought the spread for good measure - once test comes will see what to use for GH Booster if at all)
GH Booster
Plantex CSM+B
(Anything I should add immediately? Only doing Flourish (1 cap every other day) and Flourish Iron (1 cap per week now), Excel 1 cap day)
Torching Complete:
Running the line to the back of the tank would involve some very complicated plumbing and 3-4 walls to go through. 15' is across the room as the crow flies, but I will keep this in mind when designing the future house.
I'm OK with adding the tap and just unrolling the hose. My wife is going to think I'm crazy for adding a garden reel inside our basement closet.
Understood with the WC for C02 and higher ferts. I must have read your dosage wrong as I thought it was very similar to the regimen from Tom Barr.
I'll get the torch out tonight, make the modification, try not to burn down the house, and test the well and soft water (for kicks).
Might as well add a storage shelf in the same closet for all the aquarium supplies while I am at it (nothing pretty, as I keep the door closed).
Next step - since this is all softened water now, should i replace the current setup with the new water over the course of a few weeks with 25-50% water changes?
Water softeners are added to eliminate the problems caused by calcium and magnesium in water - soaps don't work well, shampoos don't work well, etc. Softeners don't remove the iron found in lots of well water. Not every builder of houses knows the best ways to do water plumbing, and not all inspectors are competent. I believe it has been established that water softened using KCl instead of NaCl is still very bad for plants, so just switching to the different salt isn't going to solve the problem.
If I had to do some replumbing to get the water before the softener "ruins" it, and the point where I could do the replumbing was only 15 feet from the location of the tank,I think I would try very hard to run the new water line over to right behind the tank, so I could semi-automate water changes - just open a valve to add water. During cold months I would think about doing smaller water changes more often, to avoid having to heat the change water at all. Adding 20 gallons of 40F water to 40 gallons of 80F water gives you 67F water - not great but probably no problem for most fish.
Tom Barr's non-CO2, no water change method, is for very small amounts of fertilizers being added, so there is no chance of building up too much of any fertilizer in the water. Since I'm using CO2, my plant growth rate is much higher, so the plants need a lot more fertilizer to support that growth, which makes me dose enough to have to do water changes to avoid build-up of fertilizer in the water.
Originally Posted by mistergreen View Post
Actually just Na would be bad It'll burn in water!
But luckily it's not just Na, it would be Sodium bicarbonate.
Originally Posted by MagooWu View Post
[No issue at all in pulling the torch out. Maybe $20-30 in materials (copper T and valve) and an hour of my time.] Would still likely need to get some 5-10 gallon jugs and let it is sit for a day or two to get the temperature up to ambient. But it would be MUCH easier getting it straight from the tap considering easy of temperature control.
|I am not implying anything. I have no experience with water softeners. I have no idea what the added salts might do.
Originally Posted by BruceF View Post
We can only conjecture that the reason has to do with high levels of calcium, magnesium or other metal cations and therefore that the water must be hard. We dont know what the levels in the well water are and we dont know what the levels in the softened water are. Answering those questions is simply impossible.
Are you implying that it is "danged if I do, danged if I don't" since either I am using softened water which has bad qualities or hard water with "calcium, magnesium or other metal cations" impurities?
If YES, then is the only remaining solution a ~$150 RO/DI system? This would also need to be stored into large containers because of the amount needed and the slow production time.
If YES to the RO/DI, then would I still need to use the well for RO/DI or would the softened water be OK to use?
Originally Posted by Complexity View Post
What people tend to do is focus on the algae, often at the expense of the plants.
From your bulb list, it sounds like you have a T5NO bulb in a T5HO fixture? Hoppy et al, does this generally work?
|One has to assume that the water is softened for a reason. We can only conjecture that the reason has to do with high levels of calcium, magnesium or other metal cations and therefore that the water must be hard. We don't know what the levels in the well water are and we don't know what the levels in the softened water are. Answering those questions is simply impossible.
Originally Posted by Complexity View Post
water softeners do not actually add NaCL (salt), just Na (sodium) which was said to not be harmful for fish or plants (not sure about shrimp).
But luckily it's not just Na, it would be Sodium bicarbonate.
My GH/KH test kit should come soon.
Would the results from that have any bearing on using the existing softened water VS straight well water?
Or is the Na addition going to be a issue (or potential issue) regardless of the results?
[No issue at all in pulling the torch out. Maybe $20-30 in materials (copper T and valve) and an hour of my time.] Would still likely need to get some 5-10 gallon jugs and let it is sit for a day or two to get the temperature up to ambient. But it would be MUCH easier getting it straight from the tap considering easy of temperature control.
|Can you swap out the NaCl with KCl for your water softener? Your plants would enjoy the K.
|Do some more checking on the water softener issue. I did some cursory checking and found some references that water softeners do not actually add NaCL (salt), just Na (sodium) which was said to not be harmful for fish or plants (not sure about shrimp). I didn't do enough checking to confirm this for certain, but enough to know that it's something that should be looked into further before getting a torch out.
Thanks for the information.
Did some double checking on the piping layout of my house, shame on the home builders - even outside bibs are hooked up after the softener. (Now it makes sense why I'm running out of salt so fast when pool season comes around.)
I'll have to bust out the old torch and add a faucet before the softener. Luckily the softener is in a closet ~15 feet from the tank.
Thanks for the detailed information. When reading how Barr does the low-light setup, he doesn't do any water changes at all.
Are you primarily doing water changes due to the added C02 and extra fert's?
(Even though he does add fert's.)
I'm just looking to establish a healthy and growing tank.
Don't mind doing the work of water changes.
Seems like the soft water may be the big problem ATM. (In addition to rectifying the lighting situation.)
I started by taking half the dosages that are in the EI schedules. I multiplied the doses by 3 to get the total weekly dosages. Then I divided by 7 to change that to daily dosages. Since then I have tweaked it a couple of times, mostly as my plants grew greater in mass. Now I dose every day one ounce of premixed macro nutrients - KNO3, KH2PO4, and one ounce of micro nutrients - Millers microplex and chelated iron. My mixes are:
16 ounces of water, 1.5 tsp KNO3 and 1 tsp KH2PO4, in one bottle. In another bottle I use .75 tsp Millers Microplex, and .5 tsp chelated iron, in 16 ounces of water.
Once a week +/- a couple of days, I do a 50-70% water change, using tap water from a hose bib outdoors, and adding about 5 ml of Seachem Prime to the tank as the new water starts to flow in. My fish, which are all Platys right now, never mind the cold water, seeming to be invigorated by it. But, when winter comes I may switch to using warm/cold water mixed to get closer to the tank water temperature.
I don't think you can succeed using water from a water softener unless you also use a RO/DI system too. But, you could store the change water, from a hose bib, which should not be softened water, indoors for a couple of days so it warms up before you use it. I think I would try that with about 20 gallons of water per change.
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We put up two swarm traps up at a friend's home. She just emailed this photo.
We put up two swarm traps up at a friend's home. She just emailed this photo.
Very exciting! Hope I get some in mine...there is a feral hive in an abandoned house a few miles away...I am counting on them being healthy!
Great photo! Bee sure and put another trap there when you take that one down to hive the swarm. Bet you get another swarm in the same location. I caught two swarms this week on the same trellis post (grape trellis) about six days apart.
Hopefully they all fit in and don't fly away.
It's almost 40 liters in size. They should fit. We'll see.
Good one!
Pleasant words are a honeycomb, sweet to the soul and healing to the bones. Prvb 16:24
March 2010; +/- 50 hives, TF
Alright. That looks like a good one.
Jason Bruns
LetMBee.com YouTube


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I started 2 one gallon batches of Mead this past February. Both are pretty clear, still a bit strong tasting, one less so than the other.
I'm reluctant to bottle either because they both still have a bit of a fizz to them, the stronger one moreso.
My guess is that the yeast is still active and that's what's causing the gas? How do I get rid of it so I don't get explosions in my cellar?
I used 2 different yeasts, not sure I could tell you which ones now. I used 3 pounds of honey in each batch and a few raisins, that's it.