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ARSC HPC Users' Newsletter 274, August 8, 2003
Inlining in Cray FTN[ Thanks to Carl Morgenstern of Cray Inc. for ideas for this article. ]
"Inlining" replaces subroutine or function calls with their actual source code, prior to compilation. Although the compilers for all the major HPC systems can perform inlining, this article focuses on Cray ftn 5.0.
Why inline code?
- On Cray vector machines it can drastically improve performance because it eliminates subroutine calls, which prevent loops from vectorizing,
- Procedure call overhead is reduced,
- The optimizer has a larger block of code to optimize.
Under Cray ftn, the source code for the functions or subroutines to be inlined must:
- Appear in the same file as the caller, or
- Exist in files named explicitly with "-Oinlinefrom= ...", or
- Exist in files in a directory named in "-Oinlinefrom= ...".
This was mentioned in the > Quick-Tip of issue #207 and (of course) in "man ftn" (Cray PrgEnv 5.0):
-O inlinefrom=source[:source] ... The inlinefrom option specifies one or more files and/or directories that contain procedures for inline code expansion.
A list of every directory containing source files is easy to add to a makefile, but it's probably unacceptable. This would make every function eligible for inlining which slows down the compile and possibly the run. Some care in refining the list of functions to inline is a good idea.
On the other hand, selective lists of inline source files can become unruly for a large application with scores of files and multiple subdirectories. What follows are two ideas for managing these lists.
It seems every application is organized according to its own gods, but for example, here's one structure I've seen:
programdir makefile sourcedir_1 src1.1.f src1.2.f ... src1.n.f sourcedir_1.1 src1.1.1.f src1.1.2.f ... src1.1.n.f sourcedir_2 src2.1.f src2.2.f ... src2.n.f ... sourcedir_N srcN.1.f srcN.2.f ... srcN.n.f
Create a new variable in the makefile, and set it to the list of files to inline. E.g.,
PROGHOME=~/Progs/programdir INLINEFROM=$PROGHOME/sourcedir_1/src1.22.f INLINEFROM=$INLINEFROM:$PROGHOME/sourcedir_1/src1.23.f INLINEFROM=$INLINEFROM:$PROGHOME/sourcedir_1/sourcedir_1.1/src1.1.5.f INLINEFROM=$INLINEFROM:$PROGHOME/sourcedir_1/sourcedir_1.1/src1.1.6.f INLINEFROM=$INLINEFROM:$PROGHOME/sourcedir_3/src3.2.f INLINEFROM=$INLINEFROM:$PROGHOME/sourcedir_4/src4.7.f INLINEFROM=$INLINEFROM:$PROGHOME/sourcedir_4/src4.8.f INLINEFROM=$INLINEFROM:$PROGHOME/sourcedir_4/src4.9.fThen reference this variable in the appropriate compile commands, e.g.:
FFLAGS=$FFLAGS -Oinlinefrom=$INLINEFROMIf desired, you could create multiple INLINEFROM variables. In particular, you can't mix free and fixed format fortran code, so you may be forced to have at least two separate lists, INLINEFROM_FIXED and INLINEFROM_FREE.
Create a new subdirectory and populate it with symbolic links to the source files you wish to inline. Then, in the makefile, give the name of the new subdirectory on the compile line. E.g.,For example, you'd add to the directory structure for the application source:
inlinefromdir src1.22.f -> ../sourcedir_1/src1.22.f src1.23.f -> ../sourcedir_1/src1.23.f src1.1.5.f -> ../sourcedir_1/sourcedir_1.1/src1.1.5.f src1.1.6.f -> ../sourcedir_1/sourcedir_1.1/src1.1.6.f src3.2.f -> ../sourcedir_3/src3.2.f src4.7.f -> ../sourcedir_4/src4.7.f src4.8.f -> ../sourcedir_4/src4.8.f src4.9.f -> ../sourcedir_4/src4.9.fAnd add to the makefile:
FFLAGS=$FFLAGS -Oinlinefrom=inlinefromdirIf necessary, you could create multiple "inlinefromdir" directories.
Normally, inlining is restricted to leaf subroutines. Sometimes you might want to inline a non-leaf subroutine. This can be accomplished by compiling with -Oinline5. However, adding this directive can increase compilation time drastically. With the above methods, you may combine "-Oinlinefrom=inlinedir -Oinline5" and compile times don't grow significantly, as -Oinline5 applies only to the specific files.
Please let us know if you manage inlining differently. It's always good to see what other people have figured out...
Conditional Compilation: Part I
[[ Kate Hedstrom of ARSC contributes another great series of two articles. Thanks, Kate! ]]
I have recently been playing with a new ocean model, called FVCOM. It arrived as two files: fvcom.f and comblk00.h. I ran it through fsplit and built a Makefile, but I resisted adding C preprocessor macros. We have been using cpp for doing conditional compilation for quite a while now in other codes. However, after switching between three different test problems needing three different values for g, the gravitational constant, I had to do something. I figure there are at least two choices: cpp and the new Fortran 2000 coco. I will describe using cpp for conditional compilation this time and try out coco next time.
In using cpp, it seems that there are at least two styles, although the Fortran community is far more familiar with the first. Let's start with an example:
Style 1: ------- #define XX #ifdef XX call xx #endif Style 2: ------- #define XX 1 #if XX call xx #endif
I don't know all the pros and cons between these two, although I do know that the gnu coding standards call for the second style. One difference is that with the second style, a literal "XX" elsewhere in your code will be replaced by a "1". Another difference is when checking for one of several options:
Style 1: ------- #if defined XY defined YZ defined ZQ call xyzq #else call ppz #endif Style 2: ------- #if XY YZ ZQ call xyzq #else call ppz #endif
Note that in this context, "||" means "or" and "&&" means "and".
OK, so now you have these cpp lines in your code. Some Fortran compilers will magically call cpp for you if the file extension is .F or .F90. Should you go ahead and let it? I tried that for years, cursing every compiler that didn't do quite the right thing. In the end, I gave up and now my Makefile invokes cpp for me on all systems:
.SUFFIXES: .o .f90 .F .F90 .F.o: $(CPP) -P $(CPPFLAGS) $*.F > $*.f90 $(CLEAN) $*.f90 $(CFT) -c $(FFLAGS) $*.f90 .f90.o: $(CFT) -c $(FFLAGS) $< .F.f90: $(CPP) -P $(CPPFLAGS) $*.F > $*.f90 $(CLEAN) $*.f90
This gains you several things:
- A uniform set of Makefile dependencies (see "Unix Tools for Portable Applications," issue 245 ):
- Keeping the .f90 file can help with debugging.
- There really are compilers out there that don't do what I want - I can invoke the cpp I like.
One example of point 3 is the Cray, where the Fortran fpp does any #include last, after the macro substitutions. Since we like to keep the #define statements in an include file, this doesn't work at all. Years ago I reported it as a bug and was told that it's a feature. Instead, we use the C language cpp with the -N flag (/opt/ctl/bin/cpp on chilkoot and yukon, /opt/PE/bin/cpp on klondike).
Another thing to watch for is the #elif construct. We have a huge chain of these #elifs in our parameters file and I have seen both the desired and the (incorrect) #else lines end up in the output. On the SGIs, for instance:
pike% more xx.F #define YY 1 #ifdef XX g = xx #elif YY g = yy #elif ZZ g = zz #else g = 9.81 #endif end pike% /lib/cpp -P xx.F > xx.f pike% more xx.f g = yy g = 9.81 end
This happens for style 1 and 2. For another example, the SX-6 frontend system at ARSC is an SGI, and when cpp is invoked via the Fortran compiler, we see the problem:
rimegate% sxf90 -EP xx.F rimegate% more i.xx.F g = yy g = 9.81 end
However, sxcpp on the frontend works correctly and when compiling native on the SX-6 itself, /lib/cpp and "f90 -EP" both work correctly.
The solution when all else fails? I have the source code for cpp -- a version that does the "right" thing. If necessary, I'll compile it and invoke it from my Makefile.
All of this hassle and delving into dark corners of C is because the Fortran standard had no conditional compilation - until now. The Fortran 200x standard has a coco feature and implementations are available now on the web. Next time I will talk about these.
Open Events at ARSC
ARSC NSF Summer Internship Program, Final Presentations by our Interns:
Thursday 14th August, 2pm Butrovich 109Faculty Camp Seminars:
With the first week of Faculty Camp 2003 completed, we are moving to more specific topics. Week 2 will focus on a series of visualization classes to be presented by Roger Edberg, and an IBM P4 programming and optimization class being given by several members of ACTC/IBM. These are outlined below. Anybody interested in attending, please contact Guy Robinson to confirm time and place.Monday 11th August
- ACTC/IBM: Present overview of Power4 systems.
- Visualization: Introduction.
- ACTC/IBM: Performance tools, compilers, debuggers.
- Visualization: Fundamentals, openGL, MAYA and Renderman.
- ACTC/IBM: Shared memory programming, openMP, and distributed memory programming, MPI.
- Visualization: AVS/Express.
- ACTC/IBM: Mixing MPI and openMP.
Week 3 will feature more presentations from ARSC Specialists and ARSC/UAF Joint Faculty members on the SX-6, the GRID, HPC in general and we'll wind up camp with final presentations by the attendees.
UAF faculty members considering Faculty Camp 2004 might make a special point to drop by for some of this.
Quick-Tip Q & A
A:[[ Any "vi" experts out there? I'm editing a text file, each line starts [[ with a version number followed by a space and then a word. E.g., [[ [[ ... [[ 33 jade [[ 33.8.2 jasper [[ 10 javelin [[ 7.1 javelina [[ 22 juniper [[ ... [[ [[ Can I move the version numbers to the ends of the lines? Like this: [[ [[ ... [[ jade 33 [[ jasper 33.8.2 [[ javelin 10 [[ javelina 7.1 [[ juniper 22 [[ ... [[ [[ Thought I was getting good at vi regexp's, but this is a stumper! If [[ it's impossible in vi, maybe there's another way. [[ # # Thanks to Ed Kornkven and Rich Griswold who gave the vi solution. # From Ed's email: # Here is the command to move the numbers to the end of the line: :%s/\([^ ]*\) \([a-z]*\)/\2 \1/ Commentary: :%s Substitute over all lines in the file \( \) Names the pattern. Names are \1, \2, etc. and are assigned left-to-right [^ ] Matches anything but a space [^ ]* Matches 0 or more non-blank characters (the version numbers) There is a blank that follows the version number here [a-z]* Matches 0 or more characters in the range a-z (the "words") So, everything between the first pair of slashes is to match the version number followed by a space followed by the "word". The version number is named \1 and the word is named \2. The remainder of the command simply reverses \1 and \2 with a blank in between. # # Rich threw in a perl and NEdit solution: # In perl, this can be done with a simple regex: s/^([^ ]+) (.+)$/\2 \1/ On the command line this becomes: perl -pi -e 's/^([^ ]+) (.+)$/\2 \1/' myfile This will group together one or more non-space characters at the beginning of the line and everything after the first space, then swap them. With NEdit, the same regex is used in the Replace dialog. Q: I changed the optimization level for one compiler optimization option in my makefile, remade everything, and now my program is getting different results. There are over 75 source files. Any suggestions how I might find where this compiler option is causing a difference?
[[ Answers, Questions, and Tips Graciously Accepted ]]
Current Editors:
E-mail Subscriptions:
Ed Kornkven ARSC HPC Specialist ph: 907-450-8669 Kate Hedstrom ARSC Oceanographic Specialist ph: 907-450-8678 Arctic Region Supercomputing Center University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box 756020 Fairbanks AK 99775-6020
Subscribe to (or unsubscribe from) the e-mail edition of the
ARSC HPC Users' Newsletter.
Back issues of the ASCII e-mail edition of the ARSC T3D/T3E/HPC Users' Newsletter are available by request. Please contact the editors.


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Town Square
James Taylor Forfeits Our Gun Rights
Original post made by Jim, Another Pleasanton neighborhood, on Jan 22, 2013
Addressing the issue of gun control, singer-songwriter James Taylor has stated recently that Americans "need to make some sacrifice[s] to our freedoms" in order to keep children safe.
Following his performance at President Obama's second inauguration, Taylor was asked if he agreed with Obama's executive actions on gun control.
"I think the nation is very divided on gun control, but I think the majority of us feel strongly — even the majority of gun owners feel strongly — that we need to make some sacrifice[s] to our freedoms, if that's the way to put it. We need to make some sacrifices to what we might want to have."
To prove what a Obamarobot he is, he gushed "I love this president for so many reasons."
He then informed the interviewer that he's composing a new song called "Guns and Pain." Loosely based on his former hit, Fire and Rain, its chorus is, "I've seen guns and I've seen pain, but now I want government to orchestrate the game, and I never really loved freedom just the same."
Comments (9)
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Jan 22, 2013 at 8:43 pm
Warn your kids now...this is what years of drug abuse will do to you.
a resident of Livermore
on Jan 23, 2013 at 8:31 am
jimmy...are you gonna let brain dead say this mean spirited stuff about what years of drug abuse did to you?
meet him at tully's at high noon...if you catch my drift!
a resident of Stoneridge
on Jan 23, 2013 at 9:03 am
"Anyone who would give up Liberty for Safety deserves neither"
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Jan 23, 2013 at 9:52 am
Yes, Ptown Native sums up my feelings exactly. Why should I give up my liberty just to make some snot-nosed kids more secure? That's why I'm against child safety seats, because it should be my free choice whether I buckle my kids in. And drinking while driving is another of my pet peeves. Where in the constitution does it say I can't drive while drunk? What? It endangers kids you say? Who cares about kids when it is MY liberty that is at stake?
Thanks to Ptown Native for his erudite commentary. I LOVE the way you think. I assign your comment 4 out of 4 teacakes!
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Jan 23, 2013 at 12:12 pm
Taylor was so pathetic Mon. He's on Charlie Rose at this moment telling how as a singer gets older, can keep singing well by adjusting and compensating and continues on singing well.
I don't think he got the newsflash !! HE needs more adjusting ! !
He's the one that should have lipsinced
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Jan 23, 2013 at 12:56 pm
I've always known that Jamey-boy Taylor and the martini girl Carly Simon were spineless supporters of tyranny. Ever wonder why their music hasn't been appreciated in the south? Their both lipsinker elitists who don't know anything about guns, patriotism, or pick-up trucks.
a resident of Birdland
on Jan 23, 2013 at 1:02 pm
liberalism is a disease is a registered user.
More examples of arrogant 'artists' who think anyone cares about their political philosophies. They have a bully pulpit to broadcast their views and abuse it regularly. Just because you're physically able to shout 'Fire' in a crowded theater, doesn't mean you should.
Keep it to yourself, Jimmy...no one cares what you think or how you suck up to your messiah.
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Jan 23, 2013 at 5:40 pm
James Taylor essentially called "fire" in a crowded theater, and so he should be arrested for the tyranny of expressing his point of view! If people like Taylor and Obama get there faschist ways, no one will be allowed to express there ideas or opionions, like it says in the Constitutional amendments! People need to wake up and see that the people expressing they're ideas is just the first step on limiting our freedoms and bringing about an Islamo-faschist state.
a resident of Birdland
on Jan 24, 2013 at 10:13 am
liberalism is a disease is a registered user.
Please, take direction from 'artist's like Taylor. Who knows better the issues and remedies to get our country back on track that a disheveled looking troubador from a by gone era. No wonder you lefties are viewed as vacuous, driven by emotion and irrationality.
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Livermore trustees demonstrating wisdom
By Tim Hunt | 12 comments | 1,445 views
2017 guide to summer camps
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subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Re drone cells. My colonies dont normally draw much / any drone comb in the worker frames, they have a green drone frame for that. We haven't seen any attempt to draw drone cells in other frames since we started putting the drone frames in.
That is a Mann Lake PF-100 frame, so 4.9mm cells.
Ok, I got the ruler out, sort of. Popped the image up in gimp, and started counting pixels across the two different sized cells. Since the small ones are known to be 4.9mm, and 5 of them spans 176 pixels, and 5 of the bigger ones span 229 pixels in the original unshrunk image, a little arithmetic tells us, those are 6.3mm cells in the freeform section. Interesting, I had noticed they were bigger, just never paid much / any attention to how much bigger. Now we know. It's a bit surprising, this colony has raised a full round of brood in the drone frame, and there is NO SHORTAGE of drones. I dont try restrict my colonies from raising drones, rather I promote it by making sure the green frames are in the brood nest.
Now I'm wondering, are they drawing that size in prep for drones, or is it because they are stuffing it full of honey and have no intention of raising brood in it ?


text:
By Liz Szabo, USA TODAY
Consumers who want to support breast cancer research through shopping can choose from pink T-shirts, lip gloss and, increasingly, booze.
Mike's Hard Lemonade now comes in a pink variety. Pink wines sport pink ribbons. And Chambord, which markets pink vodka and liqueurs, urges people to "pink their drink," saying that "by adding a splash of Chambord to any cocktail, you're supporting breast cancer awareness year-round."
FACEBOOK CHAT: Dr. Susan Love answers your breast cancer questions
All of them have given money to breast cancer causes — and highlight the donations in their ads.
That has led to criticism by some breast cancer survivors, who say it's hypocritical to raise money for research while selling a product that contributes to the disease.
Both the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute say even moderate drinking increases breast cancer risk.
"Anybody trying to sell alcohol to promote breast cancer awareness should be ashamed of themselves," says Barbara Brenner, executive director of Breast Cancer Action, an advocacy group.
Chambord's website notes that its Pink Your Drink campaign has raised more than $50,000 in donations for the Breast Cancer Network of Strength and other patient groups.
Mike's Hard Lemonade has given $500,000 over the past two years to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, company President Phil O'Neil says. The company was inspired by the loss of an employee named Jacqueline who died after a long battle with breast cancer.
"The donations we make to breast cancer research are not tied to sales; they are our way of honoring Jacqueline," O'Neil said in a statement.
In many cases, cause-related marketing is not about charity, says Dwight Burlingame, associate executive director of the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University: "These businesses are promoting their product."
At least one breast cancer charity is walking away from alcohol-related gifts. "We have a partnership with alcohol, and I don't understand it, either," says Cindy Geoghegan, the new interim CEO at Breast Cancer Network for Strength. "Those kinds of relationships will not continue."
And though the Breast Cancer Research Foundation appreciates donations from Mike's Hard Lemonade, spokeswoman Anna DeLuca says, the group "in no way, shape or form endorses the consumption of alcohol."
"This donation does not constitute a partnership," DeLuca says.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


text:
What is in this article?:
Forensic experts uncover clues leading to the cause of various electrical accidents that result in debilitating injuries, burns, and electrocutions
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Forensic experts uncover clues leading to the cause of various electrical accidents that result in debilitating injuries, burns, and electrocutions
Were the following two items determined:
1. Why was the pedestal energized?
2. Why was the energy not dissipated via the ground rod?
The case of the floating dock???
I'm not sure we are given enough information. GFCI operate without a ground. The "severed" ground should not have made that much of a difference. If the child was electrocuted by being the conductor to ground (hence the water) then the GFCI should have opened. Any comment?
the gfci is located after the short caused by the water so they do not come into play in this case. the current then follows the ground to what ever it is attached to
My condolensce to the victim's family in this unfortunate tragedy. I've never commented to an article before, but it's very hard for me to agree with the author's reasoning or conclusion.
This job was to upgrade 4160V buswork and gear from 2000 to 3000 amps.
The initial test for the absence of voltage was performed using a 600V rated meter and it says voltage was detected. I assume it was a non- contact tester. Otherwise, there may have been a serious injury or a destroyed meter, but necessarily a fatality.
Then a higher voltage non-contact tester was used, but apparently it wasn't tested before use, or after use and it never made physical contact with an energized terminal.
After that, a new high voltage meter was used and someone contacted energized terminals. Measurements of 00.0 on the upper terminals and 2.4 on the lower terminals were obtained. TIME to STOP!
However, the author concluded this unfortunate tragedy may have been avoided if the meter had measured actual voltage and not kV. And perhaps it would have, but is that a foregone conclusion in this particular incident?
The meter was labeled the display would indicate kV. Electricians reoutinely use meters that have buttons to push or knobs to turn for various scales/ranges. This was testing for lethal voltage, not ohms or mV. And souldn't a measurement of 2.4 to ground on this system raise further suspicion to one of those involved? After 00.0 was measured on the other terminals of the tie switch?
The author says based on the sequence of events, the victim apparently didn't realize there would be energized terminals on one side of the tie breaker or may have mistakenly believed he was working in the MCB cabinet instead.
He then went on to say the victim followed training requirements per NFPA and OSHA standards and was qualified to perform the work assigned.
Sorry, I'm not disagreeing the victim exercised reasonable prudence to ensure his safety, but I'm not sure anyone involved should be considered "qualified".
Per NFPA 70- a qualified person is "one who has skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical quipment and installations and has received safety training to recognize and avoid the hazards involved".
That includes test equipment as well.
It took me a long time to realize it's okay to say I'm not sure or I don't know or to stop and ask someone for help, but it's imperative we know our limits when doing this type of work.


text:
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text:
Mandate upheld: what now?
posted at 10:41 am on June 28, 2012 by Ed Morrissey
After months and months of focusing on Anthony Kennedy as the weak link in the conservative chain at the Supreme Court, it turns out that Chief Justice John Roberts was the one the Right needed to fear. With the more centrist Kennedy dissenting, Roberts signed off on the individual mandate in ObamaCare, not as part of Congress' power under the Commerce Clause, or even the ludicrous reference to the "Good and Welfare Clause" from some Democrats, but from the more mundane and substantial power to tax. The opinion actually ruled that the mandate violates the Commerce Clause, but as a tax that no longer matters.
It's an interesting argument, but one that should have Americans worried. Basically, this is a tax that you have to pay to private companies. For all of the screaming the Right did over single-payer — and for good, outcome-based reasons — at least the money paid by taxpayers would go directly to government [see update II]. The Supreme Court has signed off on what is, in very practical terms, a tax levied by the insurance industry on Americans simply for existing. It's an amazing, and fearsome, decision that really should have both Right and Left horrified.
Nevertheless, this is the law of the land. We can now look forward to taxes levied by the auto industry for not having bought a new car in the last seven years, the liquor industry for buying too few bottles of wine to maintain your health, and by the agricultural industry for not buying that damned broccoli after all. We might even have Obama attempt to impose a tax for not buying enough contraception; we can call that the Trojan tax.
By the way, don't forget when Obama insisted that this wasn't a tax, via Patterico:
So what now? Mitt Romney and Republicans can now run on repeal as a big issue in the campaign. They should emphasize the tax argument when they do, because this tax hits everyone. The ruling may alleviate some of the bad polling the ACA has received, but probably not by much. It's going to remain deeply unpopular for the next few months. On top of that, the decision to uphold the law also means that the fight is still on over the HHS contraception mandate. We can expect the Catholic bishops to keep up the pressure on the Obama administration's attempt to define religious expression for the purpose of controlling and limiting it — and we can probably expect the challenge to it to reach the Supreme Court, too.
This started off as a political fight, though, and it's now clear that it has to get resolved as a political fight.
Update: Bill Whittle explains why ObamaCare won't work:
Expect the GOP to be making these arguments on the campaign trail over the next few months.
Update II: I clarified what I meant in the second paragraph by editing it a bit. My argument is this: the tax isn't just on non-compliance, which is what Roberts and the court ruled constitutional. The law forces people to give money to private industry, in the form of buying health insurance. That's a tax too, imposed by force on Americans, in this case the force of the penalties and the legal consequences of not paying them.
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text: So for a while I have owned ONE+ tools from Ryobi and all I can say is they are the toughest and best tools out there for what they cost. I will review each after the product's name. Ryobi tools in my opinion are the greatest on earth; any ONE+ battery can power any ONE+ tool no matter how old or new. The system has over 50+ tools spanning 20 years so ONE+ owners never need to throw out their old tools when new ones come out they just keep adding to their collection. Also unlike other brands out there Ryobi offers both Ni-cad and Lithium-Ion batteries to power tools and chargers that can charge both. No matter where I go I always have some of my tools with me, currently in college I have my Impact wrench, Auto shift drill, 2 chargers, radio,flashlight, lantern, vacuum, and reciprocating saw. I take deep pride that I could pretty much build a house out of the back of my truck if I was supplied with the materials, a table saw, and miter saw. The best thing about this tool system is never having to worry if I have the right batteries because all ONE+ batteries work with all ONE+ tools. I will slowly add the tools I own from the ONE+ system. If you look at my albums I have posted pictures of all the tools. - - - Updated - - - I'm going to start off with posting my review of the batteries and chargers I own. The Batteries P102 18V ONE+™ Compact Lithium-Ion Battery: Ryobi's second gen Lithium-Ion battery. This battery is pretty much the P103 with a different case that makes the battery super cheap to make while still providing great power. These batteries are priced closer to the NiCad prices to give people a more viable and cost effective way to switch to Lithium-Ion batteries. Rated at 24Wh P103 18V ONE+™ Compact Lithium-Ion Battery: Who said small batteries couldn't deliver full size power? This is Ryobi's original Lithium-Ion battery which then was called compact after the High Capacity came out. It has tons more power than the NiCad it replaces and has 0 fade. Rated at 24Wh P104 18V ONE+™ High Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery: This is Ryobi's original High Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery. It has an on-board power gauge to check juice level and lasts for hours when drilling and cutting. Has about 1.5 times the juice of the compact batteries, but charges in an hour. Rated at 46Wh P107 18V ONE+™ COMPACT LITHIUM+™ BATTERY: Ryobi's second gen performance battery built to increase tool torque and handle temperature extremes. The battery has slightly better life than the other 2 compacts but not by much. Also it has a fuel gauge which shows your charge as you're going. Rated at 28Wh P108 18V ONE+™ HIGH CAPACITY LITHIUM+™ BATTERY: The performance high capacity variant of the 2nd gen batteries, which it lives up to. The battery claims to have 4x as much capacity as the NiCads and twice the capacity of the original P104 high capacity. Well it does by far! using the fan as a benchmark this battery can run the fan at full power for 7.5 hours no stop while the compacts last only 2.5 and the old P104 lasts about 4. The battery also allows high draw tools like impacts and drills to draw up to 35% more power than the other batteries. It also is built to handle temperature extremes and has a built in fuel gauge to check you charge as you work. Rated at 72Wh The Chargers P114 18V ONE+™ Dual Chemistry Charger: There's not much to say about this and the other charger they just work great and charge all batteries in an hour or less. Being able to charge both NiCad and Lithium-Ion is great it makes projects with others with older ONE+ tools easy and quick. P117 18V ONE+™ DUAL CHEMISTRY CHARGER: This is the performance charger for Ryobi tools also known as a quick charger. It charges most batteries in 30 minutes or less with an exception of the P108 because of its massive capacity. Like all of Ryobi's chargers it is Energy Star certified and is designed so you can leave the battery on the charger without damaging it. When left on the charger the charger will run occasional maintenance charges to try to recover more capacity that has been lost due to age or wear. The first time I used the charger I was instantly amazed because it charged a battery that had been drained to totally dead in only 20 minutes. The charge also has a temperature delay charge system so if a battery is too cold or hot to charge it will wait to charge it to protect the battery cells. P118 18V ONE+™ Dual Chemistry Charger: See P114 above. The only difference is it is more compact and colored black. I will do the drills and drivers next


text: I carry a Kahr 9mm,little bitty thing that barks with hot loads.The truck has S&W 40(15rds) snappy.The bedside has MP45 w/light, the kayak has a XD40 'cause its a tough li'l bugger. I've got an Israeli Jericho 9mm(my 1st gun) that I love to shoot and accuracy at distance is limited by ammo balistics only. My wife shoots a Sig 232 380 which is low-end power except it's snappy, but ... do not make her shoot you (remember the first Lethal Weapon when Mel Gibson's character shot a smiley face?Sheesh! 10 rds and 6 holes,dang!) It's too bad that they don't feel as good in my hand as my 1911. If you're Wheelie, I'd like your thoughts regarding Ruger'sLCR.


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Toscana Bench
Please Select Size: Small (60 x 14")
Please Select Color:
- Overview
Our Toscana Bench evokes a 19th-century Northern Italian tailor's table with its X-shaped supports and keyed-through tenons. It's designed to complement our Toscana Dining Tables.
- Small: 60" w x 14" d x 18" h
- Medium: 74" w x 14" d x 18" h
- Large: 88.5" w x 14" d x 18" h
- Crafted from solid kiln-dried hardwood with veneers layered over MDF (Medium-density fibreboard).
- Detailed with an A-frame trestle and angle braces.
- Built using 5-ply construction with lamination, and mortise-and-tenon joinery for a sturdy structural support.
- Bench is finished by hand using an exclusive technique that results in exceptional depth of color, then sealed with a protective lacquer for moisture resistance.
- Wood swatches, below, are available for $25 each. We will provide a merchandise refund for wood swatches if they're returned within 30 days.
- View our Furniture Brochure.
- Dimensions & Care
Small Bench
- Overall: 60" wide x 14" deep x 18" high
- Seat: 60" wide x 14" deep x 1.5" thick
- Legs: 3" square x 17" high
- Distance Between Legs: 47" side to side
- Maximum Weight Capacity: 600 pounds
- Weight: 53 pounds
Medium Bench
- Overall: 74" wide x 14" deep x 18" high
- Seat: 74" wide x 14" deep x 1.5" thick
- Legs: 3" square x 17" high
- Distance Between Legs: 61" side to side
- Maximum Weight Capacity: 600 pounds
- Weight: 62 pounds
Large Bench
- Overall: 88.5" wide x 14" deep x 18" high
- Seat: 88.5" wide x 14" deep x 1.5" thick
- Legs: 3" square x 17" high
- Distance Between Legs: 75.5" side to side
- Maximum Weight Capacity: 900 pounds
- Weight: 73 pounds
- Dust often using a soft, dry cloth.
- Wipe up spills immediately.
- To protect the finish, do not apply abrasives or household cleaners.
- Shipping & Return Info
UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 4-5 business days.
Next Day Delivery and Processing
We can arrange for next day delivery to most destinations within the contiguous 48 states, for an extra charge of $17.50 per address. If we receive your order by 6pm PT Monday through Friday, you'll receive your order the next business day; orders placed on Friday after 6pm PT through Sunday will arrive on Tuesday. Note: Next Day Delivery service is not available for some oversized items, White Glove Delivery, out of stock items, personalized items or for items shipped directly from the manufacturer.
Select oversized items have an additional delivery and processing surcharge; this charge is listed below the item price.
View the complete Shipping and Delivery Information page.
We take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of each and every Pottery Barn product and we hope you love your purchase. If for any reason you do not, you have 30 days – or 7 days for all Quick Ship upholstery items – to return your purchase for a full refund or exchange. You can return most non-furniture items to your local Pottery Barn store – FREE.
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Graduate Program | Graduate Advisor | Research Facilities | Application Process
Life in Lubbock | Former Graduate Students | Brochure
I am pleased to welcome you to the Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. Our Department is composed of a group of faculty, students, postdoctoral fellows and staff, all of whom are dedicated to promoting high quality and cutting edge research, outstanding teaching and service to the university. Our innovative and productive faculty have established outstanding research programs focused on mucosal and tumor immunology, microbial pathogenesis and infectious diseases, and vaccine development. A major theme of our department is translating cutting-edge scientific discoveries into new therapeutic strategies that may be used to treat immunological and infectious diseases. We believe that an emphasis on translational research fosters an exciting educational and research environment that will serve to produce the next generation of well-trained and highly competitive biomedical scientists. Our department has been very successful in recruiting a number of outstanding graduate students and postdoctoral fellows from throughout the U.S. as well as from around the world. Because of our close proximity to our 34,000 undergraduate student campus at Texas Tech University, we are presented with the unique opportunity to offer research training to a number of our undergraduate students as well as providing research training to undergraduate students that come from different colleges and universities located throughout the U.S.
Please browse our departmental site to learn more about our department and contact us if we can provide you any additional information. I hope that you will join us for what we believe is an exciting and rewarding educational adventure.
Matthew B. Grisham, PhD
Professor and Chair Vernon and Elizabeth Haggerton Chair in Gastroenterology firstname.lastname@example.com
Department ofImmunology & Molecular Microbiology
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine 3601 4th Street STOP 6591 Lubbock, Texas 79430-6591 Tel: (806) 743-2545 Fax: (806) 743-2334
School of Medicine, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430 Admissions T: 806.743.2297 | F: 806.743.2725 firstname.lastname@example.com | Admissions Intranet (For internal use only)Office of the Dean T: 806.743.3000 | F: 806.743.3021
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TTUHSC Home | Texas Tech University System | Texas Tech University | Angelo State University
©2012 Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center | All Rights Reserved


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The quest to improve the energy efficiency of building HVAC systems has led to the increased adoption of chilled beams as a design strategy for controlling perimeter zones, and sometimes interior zones, of buildings. With an active chilled beam, water pipes carry chilled and hot water to a coil mounted within the device, which then cools or heats the air delivered to a space. The energy efficiency and high capacity of water cooling and heating, coupled with the ability to condition perimeter ...
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"Chilled Beams and UFAD: An Energy-Efficient Team" is FREE to access as a registered user on HPAC.com. Why register for HPAC.com? It's simple and free, and provides:
- Access to exclusive articles and news coverage
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Movie Review: The Skin I Live In
Spanish writer-director Pedro Almodovar delivers a horror story without the frights.
September 23, 2011 Director: Pedro Almodovar MPAA Rating: ® Studio: El Deseo
Pedro Almodovar delivers on his promise to make The Skin I Live In "a horror story without screams or frights." But horrifying the Spanish writer-director's newest most definitely is—even minus genre clichés.
Almodovar has done more than disturb and entertain with his latest cinematic act of provocation. He's made a lush, mesmerizing, utterly gonzo revenge melodrama that is from start to finish the twisted, sexy, unmistakable work of a master filmmaker. On the evidence of Almodovar's film output since 1980, a pretty good case could be made for this being a kind of spiritual love child of Alfred Hitchcock and Luis Bunuel with, maybe, Douglas Sirk and David Cronenberg as midwives.
His newest is based on a screenplay written with his brother Augustin Almodovar and taken from Thierry Jonquet's 2003 novel Mygale (Tarantula). Happily, he has lured Antonio Banderas back to his stock company after several decades to play a wealthy, respected cosmetic surgeon whose suave, chilly, couture-tailored "skin" covers several lifetimes of trauma and hang-ups. It seems like the horrifying mutilation and eventual loss of his wife after a fiery car accident has turned Banderas into an obsessive, tortured Dr. Frankenstein. After all, he keeps captive a mysterious young beauty (Elena Anaya) on whom he spies courtesy of closed-circuit big screen televisions while she reads, stares back and practices yoga wearing a stitched-together flesh-colored unitard. Apparently, the surgeon's victim has developed a sadomasochistic, Stockholm Syndrome-type attraction for Banderas, even though the good doctor has been dangerously and illegally experimenting on her in his torture porn-ready lab.
Further weirdness gets provided by the doctor's ferociously protective housekeeper (Almodovar stalwart Marisa Paredes) and her brutish son (Roberto Alamo), the latter of whom bursts into Banderas' private compound half-naked and costumed as a tiger, soon spies the sexy Anaya on a kitchen TV screen, gets aroused, and, well…we'd better stop right there. The less you know before stepping into Almodovar's baroque, elegant spiderweb, the better.
The Skin I Live In hinges on some fairly insane plot revelations and convoluted zigzag flashbacks, all delivered by the cast with straight-faced, operatic intensity against the backdrop of immaculate, almost Kubrick-like sets, hypnotic camera moves and Alberto Iglesias' swooning score. Anaya (apparently pinch-hitting for Penelope Cruz) is visually arresting and highly compelling. Banderas matches her so beautifully that it ought to be mandatory that he and Almodovar collaborate on at least one movie yearly. Even if The Skin I Live In doesn't pack the emotional punch of peak performance Almodovar, it's macabre, malicious, pleasurably perverse fun.
About the Author
Playboy Contributing Editor Stephen Rebello has written many Playboy Interview and 20 Questions features. He is the author of such books as the notorious Bad Movies We Love (with Edward Margulies) and Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho, the latter of which has inspired a dramatic feature film set for production in 2012. His most recent Playboy Interviews include Josh Brolin and Cameron Diaz.


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BERRICLE offers the highest quality premium grade Cubic Zirconia CZ jewelry in fine sterling silver. With precise stone cutting technology, flawless quality and excellent craftsmanship, BERRICLE Cubic Zirconia engagement rings are one of the most coveted diamond alternative available today.
As Seen In.
Availability: In stock
BERRICLE understands that you may not know the ring size for a given finger, and we want to help. We provide a printable ring sizer that can help you determine your ring size. Important! Prior to printing, ensure that page scaling is set to "none" on your print dialog box.
If ordering from outside of the U.S or Canada, determine your ring size according to your country's standard. Then use following conversion chart to convert to the corresponding U.S ring size to place your order.
Expected Delivery: Orders placed by 2PM EST will be shipped out on the same day except on Sundays & Holidays.
Return Eligibility: Within 30 days upon your receiving the package, we would be glad to take your return for an exchange or a refund, as long as the item is in brand new condition with tag.


text: Well, looks like I need to change out my coolant temp sensor. The gauge reads nothing, and when I ground the wire for the sensor the gauge pegs out. So, all that must be ok. It's the side temp sensor next to the exhaust manifold. Will collant come pouring out when I try to pull the old one to put the new one in? Thanks


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- Donald Oxorn, MD, CM, FRCPC, FACC, DNBE, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardio-Thoracic Anesthesia, Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
- Catherine M. Otto, MD, Professor of Medicine, Director, Cardiology Fellowship Programs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
This outstanding new atlas makes it easy to interpret intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography findings for both healthy and diseased patients. A multidisciplinary team uses clinical case studies to explore the characteristic intraoperative TEE findings for every type of cardiac abnormality, along with correlative imaging and pathology findings. Videos on the accompanying DVD demonstrate echocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, and surgical procedures. The result is an outstanding way make sure you are obtaining the maximum diagnostic benefit from this versatile modality.
Key Features
- Covers every aspect of intraoperative TEE for the most common cardiovascular anomalies as well as for normal presentations.
- Uses a case-based approach to explore the typical clinical presentation and corresponding TEE findings for each abnormality, to parallel clinical practice.
- Provides correlative CT and MR images, X-rays, intraoperative photographs, pathological specimens, and line drawings to help you understand what is shown in each TEE image.
- Offers a unique view of TEE from cardiology, anesthesiology, pharmacology, and surgery perspectives.
- Includes a DVD with videos demonstrating echocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, and surgical procedures.
Note: Only Gold member can download this ebook. Learn more here!


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Archaeologists have discovered 45 ancient Egyptian tombs in Lahoun, Egypt. The site is about 70 miles south of Cairo, Egypt's capital. Most of the tombs hold a decorated painted wooden sarcophagus, or coffin. Each one contains a mummy. In one tomb, 12 coffins from around 1500 B.C. were found stacked on top of one another, so the actual number of mummies comes to 57. Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities announced the discovery on Sunday. The group oversees Egypt's artifacts as well as archaeologists searching for treasures in the North African nation.
The oldest tombs that were unearthed date back to around 2750 B.C. The discovery will give scientists more information about Egypt's ancient religions, the council said.
Mummy's the Word
Egypt's archaeology chief, Zahi Hawass, said many of the mummies are wrapped in linen that shows drawings of ancient Egyptian gods. The linen is also decorated with texts from the Book of the Dead. The book contains instructions and information that ancient Egyptians thought would help dead people deal with obstacles that they would come across in the afterlife.
Abdel Rahman El-Aydi is the head of the archaeological team that made the discovery. He said some of the tombs are decorated with religious texts. The ancient Egyptians believed these texts, like the Book of the Dead, would help the dead person to cross through the underworld.
El-Aydi said one of the oldest tombs is almost completely intact and hasn't been touched since it was sealed thousands of years ago. It contains urns and containers, as well as a wooden sarcophagus containing a mummy wrapped in linen.
The recent discovery of the 45 tombs isn't the first in Lahoun. Last year, some 53 stone tombs dating back to various ancient periods were found in the same area.


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Inside The World of Klout
A profile of the world's most valuable directory of online influencers and the man behind it all.
If you've been involved anywhere in the social media sphere over the last few years, the name Klout might ring a bell. To the rest of you, Klout (the preferred stylization of clout) is a social media aggregator that ranks users' participation across their various platforms (Twitter, Facebook, etc.) and assigns them a central score between 1 and 100.
While the most influential online user consists of the likes of Justin Bieber (who currently stands at 100), the average Klout score is actually only around 20. So even if you are the leader of the most powerful country on earth (Barack Obama's score: 94), you're still not going to be able to take down a legion of female fans who retweet, share, like and create discourse from every single word.
But how did all of this come to fruition? After oral surgery in 2007, founder and chief executive Joe Fernandez's jaw was wired shut for three months, leaving him with only social media to communicate with the outside world. "I got really obsessed with understanding the influence of every person, and that is how Klout started."
We sat down for a discussion with Fernandez to better understand his vision for the company as well as his personal tips to increase your Klout.
Playboy.com: Since the founding of Klout, has your vision for the company changed dramatically?
Fernandez: By that time it was early 2008. When I unwired I started telling my friends about what I was doing and trying to get them to join me. But nobody would; everyone thought this was kind of a stupid idea. "Who cares who is influential [on] Facebook and Twitter?" was basically the conversation. Maybe it was all the pain relievers, but I still loved the idea and wanted to build it. Over the four years, the system has definitely evolved. The algorithm has changed literally from something I was working on in Microsoft Excel to having a team of scientists that are way smarter than me working on this every day. But the core vision of wanting to help every person understand their influence and wanting them to be recognized has always remained the same. But the productization has evolved.
Playboy.com: How did Klout Perks come about?
Fernandez: I was always telling my friends where the best restaurant is, and I was easily recognized for that. So it was something I had hoped would happen with Klout, but I thought it would be much further down the road than it ended up being. Pretty quickly after we launched, major brands were asking us if we would give them the list of influencers for major topics. We never wanted to give anybody the list, but the idea of helping those influencers get access to these special experiences was exciting to us.
Playboy.com: Is that primarily how the monetization of the site operates?
Fernandez: I see Klout Perks as version 1.0 of how we eventually monetize, but right now we're really focused on the user value. Helping every person understand their influence and keeping the score accurate and transparent. Broadly speaking, we're in an interesting position in terms of understanding the people who are having the biggest impact.
Click below for more:
Playboy: Tell us how the algorithm to calculate your score has evolved over the years?
Fernandez: The score has evolved from a spreadsheet on my computer to a constantly updated algorithm that factors 50 different variables. There are a couple key things we care about. When you create content, how does your network respond? And how influential are those people responding? We don't really pay much attention to how many friends and followers you have; if you say something, how do people act and who are those people? For example, if you write something about politics on Facebook and Barack Obama likes it, you're going to be very influential on politics.
Playboy.com: Have you seen trends that users will go into a posting frenzy in order to boost their scores?
Fernandez: One thing we see over and over is that people come to Klout and see that their score may have dropped and say, "Oh, I need to get busy on Twitter or Facebook. I haven't been creating content this past week." So it acts as a reminder for consistently creating content.
Playboy.com: Would you say quality versus quantity is the mainstay?
Fernandez: Quality always over quantity. Let's say if each of us got 1,000 retweets or likes, but I did it off 10,000 messages and you did it off 10. Then obviously your quality is much better — I'm just being noisy. [laughs]
Playboy.com: There was some backlash from members when you updated the algorithm last fall. As social media continues to change, we'd expect this won't be the last revision of the formula. How do you plan to prepare members for future changes, which have the potential to decrease their scores and cause another negative reaction?
Fernandez: We learned a great deal from the experience and plan to incorporate [that] in any future changes we make. The experience definitely taught us that we have a very passionate, vocal community that cares a great deal about their Klout score.
Playboy.com: Is there a plan to integrate someone's offline influence? For example, Justin Beiber has a higher Klout score than the President.
Fernandez: Just as Google seeks to understand the world's information, we seek to understand the world's influence. Our vision is to include real-world influence at some point, but that is a ways off.
Playboy.com: Have trends indicated any interesting conclusions about the styles of social media on this site (Celebrity, Feeder, Pundit, etc.)?
Fernandez: Something we have seen is that some people are content creators on Facebook while being content consumers on Twitter. That is actually pretty common.
Playboy.com: Is there a perfect score formula other than becoming a celebrity, politician or media personality? Or is the road to a perfect Klout score a path where the user morphs into one of the above as they gain influence?
Fernandez: Klout defines influence as the ability to drive action. We find that a steady frequency of high-quality content helps increase your Klout score. So many people I talk to are like, "I don't share a lot of content because I don't have anything to say," or "I don't think people would be interested." It's great to be humble, but I believe that every person that creates content has influence; somebody in your network cares about what you're saying, what you're experiencing. It's about getting comfortable with sharing that and building upon that — that is the key.
Playboy.com: What new features can we expect from Klout in the future?
Fernandez: We will continue to fine-tune the scoring system, and we are hard at work on refining our mobile apps. More to come!
For the past month, I've test-driven Fernandez's advice to see whether a consistent stream of original content would yield a higher score, as well as the opposite: leaving it for periods of time to see the degradation rate. Prior to our sit-down, my personal Klout score was at a steady 42-44 points: above the average of 20 but realistic Since I was already posting on my primary networks of Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook 2 to 4 times per day combined, I increased my participation to about 4 to 6 original posts with 4 to 6 additional retweets, comments or likes. The result was a steady score rise, passing 45 after about a week, give or take a few heated exchanges which contributed to my total.
As I continued, a few of the actresses I interviewed followed or retweeted my posting of their feature, causing incremental jumps in my score that culminated in a top score of 47.14 on June 21st. Not only does this confirm that those with a large number of followers raise a score, but those with verified status seemed to give the system an extra nudge.
Once I was at the top, I had to see what it took to head back down to the bottom of the barrel. Watching my Klout score descend over the past three weeks was painful; decreasing my posting to a mere one or two items a day dropped my score far faster than it had gone up. By July 6, just two weeks after its peak, my score had settled back to a meager 45.91. Clearly, the system places a higher value on the lack of input on the way down.
While the merits of Klout can be questionable, some may just not be seeing the big picture. The ability to influence a large group of people doesn't end as soon as Biebs flips off his Twitter for the night (as if that happens anyway). Instead, it gifts the user with brand power over a network which adores, trusts, or at least respects him enough to be constantly feeding that individual's online net worth.
Follow Joe on Twitter @JoeFernandez


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Hey guys,
Just to let you know, I'm off to Ukraine to do a CELTA course. I passed the pre-interview task which lasted about 2 hours and was like an exam within itself!! haha.
Anybody else going to be there? The course is Jan 18th - Feb 12th. Can't wait to get started.
At the moment my head is buried in a book called, Grammar for English Language Teachers By Martin Parrott. It's all good stuff and makes sense!! haha.
Take care and speak to you soon.


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Well tanvil you evil evil man... How could you give bread several hours old to the needy. You sir, are a monster. You could have so given them deer meat..
I have an idea lets compare the list we have for the government to follow and the list of rules them make us follow... Piss you off yet?


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Homebrew, Tiki Taane, and TrinityRoots are among the Kiwi bands signing on to play the annual Sounds On festival in Auckland.
The sustainable festival will be held at The Oval in North Harbour Stadium on March 23 next year.
Home Brew, The Black Seeds, Katchafire, David Dallas, TrinityRoots, Tahuna Breaks, AHoriBuzz and Tiki Taane are all signed on to play.
The festival has a strong environmental bent.
Buses and train tickets to the venue are included in its ticket prices.
Organisers are also teaming with Sustainable Coastlines to promote its aim of cleaning up the Waitemata Harbour and Hauraki Gulf area.
Earlybird tickets go on sale for $45 from November 26 through GrabOne.
- Herald Online


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I have a 2 deep hive that I supered (medium) in August with hopes of yielding some fall honey. I'm pretty sure the bees are done making any honey now. There are about 4 frames which are about 20-60% capped. What is the best thing to do with these:
1) leave them in for the winter (i'm concerned about giving the bees to much space to heat)
2) Pull the frames and leave near hive for bees to clean up and possibly fill in 2 deeps with more honey
3) Eat the honey myself (how fast do I need to do this considering the higher sugar content?)
4) Other options....??
My main priority is getting this hive to survive over winter here in southwest Michigan.
Thanks for the help.


text: Re: Trial League Trash Talk and other Exchanges Well, draft night was not without its surpises. Technical difficulties made the early rounds look like a keystone cops episode. The most stunning pick was DLEV "Dumars" 59's selection of the mercurial Shaun Livingston. I swear I heard "the Sleeper has awakened!" but that could have just been a serendipitous Dune sneaking through the thin walls of my apartment. Said Dumars on his pick: "When youre drafting as high as we were, you want to look for a player that has Destroyers DNA." Destroyers DNA is right. Talk about laying the blueprint for the destruction of your chances to field a contending team. Technical difficulties? A supremely optimistic cousin? The group rolled on. My first pick at #9 was a total homer of a pick named Chris Paul. He'll do pretty good if he doesn't break down mid season. Honestly, I had Nash first but Paul's games come on local TV. Basement....here we come! oh Dlev's got that room reserved. Maybe the garage then. Best value picks: Caron Butler falling to me at the position he did. His numbers were underwhelming while the wizards experimented with him as a 6th man but he more than made up for that when the staff came to their senses. His starter numbers come closer to Jamison. Stephon Marbury was a guy I couldn't pass despite needing a C like a man afflicted with scurvy. Its Isiahs buttcheek on the chopping block and it begins and ends with Marbury. I reading uptempo. Will Starbury return to 20/8 form? Worst value picks: David West. I was looking to shore up my bigs and get some decent rebounding into the mix. I had West on my sheet a round higher so he's a guy I wanted but it may turn out to be one of the worst moves I made. Marvin Williams. I don't know what this guy will do for my team. An interesting value opportunity but maybe I should have looked to a specialist to shore up 3ptrs or blks. Make or break pick: Josh Smith apparently. I'm not on the JSmoove bandwagon but where he was...mid 3rd round, it was worth the risk. Now payoff buster! Outlook: I drafted the prototypical Donut team despite designs to fill my C early. Roscoe did the Sheed Shuffle with his #1 pick and go allen and then went back and got Yao despite saying he wanted Bosh. Tricky guy that one. I think my 1st six are solid but my last six...its all upside and potential. I picked up 2 rookies. I think I'll struggle for a good part of the season. anyone else want to write about thier results? I'm interested in hearing your take on your teams.


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|Data Dictionary:
|Census 2000
you are here: choose a survey survey data set table details
Survey: Census 2000
|Data Source:
|U.S. Census Bureau
Data set: Summary File 1 (SF1)
|P17. Average Household Size [1]
Universe: Households
Table Details
|Average Household Size
|Universe: Households
Relevant Documentation:
|Excerpt from:
|Social Explorer, U.S. Census Bureau; 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Summary File 1: Technical Documentation, 2001.
|Summary File 1 Technical Documentation -> Appendix B. Definitons of Subject Characteristics -> Population Characteristics -> Household Type and Relationship -> Household -> Average household size
A measure obtained by dividing the number of people in households by the number of households (or householders). In cases where household members are tabulated by race or Hispanic origin, household members are classified by the race or Hispanic origin of the householder rather than the race or Hispanic origin of each individual.


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With more than 12 million books in print, rights sold in almost 40 countries, and over two years on The New York Times best-seller list, the House of Night series is an international publishing sensation. Now, the excitement continues as the Cast mother-daughter duo shares the back stories of a few of the House of Night's most important - and mysterious - characters. In the third House of Night novella, Neferet's Curse, the secret history we've all been waiting for is finally revealed....
Neferet, the Tulsa House of Night's darkly seductive High Priestess, wasn't always a powerful vampyre, but she has always been beautiful. Raised in turn-of-the-century Chicago in a motherless home, her beauty makes her the prey of unwanted attention and abuse, leaving her with scars that will never heal - and a Darkness that will eventually need to find its way out. But when she is Marked and gains strength, both physical and magickal, she turns her anger into power and looks for a way to regain what was stolen from her. From victim to High Priestess, beautiful young woman to powerful seductress, Neferet's journey begins....
©2013 Sherrilyn Kenyon (P)2013 Macmillan Audio
"A Should Read for House Of Night Fans But,"
You don't have to be a House of Night fan to enjoy this novella. However, if you have read the series you'll certainly want to know why & how the beautiful vampire we all love to hate started to become so evil. Although I expected more to the story it still was entertaining to listen to & thanks to Caitlin Davies' wonderful narration it just got better. If you are a fan you'll want to get this great back story.
"Not what I expected"
No, not really, because, even though I love the House of Night books, this one does not have any impact on the other books.
I expected more insight into how Neferet turned evil.
I just really dont like a female or male reading for the opposite sex.
I wanted to know more about why Neferet became evil. Perhaps her story once she had been at the House of Night, as a student then as an instructor. Why did she choose the darkness? All in all the story was a disappointment.
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


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Wow, you adopted my Trois Coleurs exception rule. Sweet!
I think the rule here should stand. Those are a good group of four series that should count as one film. They all work as one work.
I think you can since the third was made almost 20 years after the first two. It was a cash grab. Actually, it was a prestige grab, given Coppola's career since 1980. Has any director done more to harm his reputation than Coppola? I mean, we forgive Polanski for being a horrible person, but Coppola just started making bad movies.
You know, I want to make the Godfather folks accept Godfather 1-3. You just can't leave off a film in the trilogy and get the two best ones, that's crazy.
I don't hate GF III the way a lot of folks do, but I'll disagree because it came out 16 years later so it was not made in combo with the other 2 in the same way that LOTR and Kill Bill were basically filmed as 1. Parts of GF I and II over lap and basically overlap and continue the same story, but are split into 2 films for time considerations.
The Godfather Saga (parts I and II edited together) predated GF III by many years.
Your hate for Godfather is strong...
I mean, not even TOP 40?
The rules ask that we "PLEASE LIST ALL DATES of the films you include", but the example ballot does not.
ETA: And can someone please post the 100 movies list from last time? I can't find it. Thanks!
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I am +5 days after first ever 3lb installations for two hives. . . performing first inspection . . and need your help.
I am using zip-loc feeder with mini-riser/super (about 3 inches tall) from Brushy mountain. Upon removing the inner cover, I find 3 combs full of sugar syrup that I pulled apart when removing the inner cover (it was attached to top of brood frames and inner cover). She did lays eggs in comb below on plastic foundation (waxed coating).
IMAG1425[2].jpg IMAG1427.jpg
Not having any experience with this, I decided to scrape all of this comb to the bottom so they could recycle it (I was also installing a slatted board rack that created a cavity for this messy comb). I turned the inner cover over to hopefully discourage them from doing this again. Any suggestions? (oh and the queen was laying a lot of eggs in a regular pattern).
Now for the "Balling?" . . . .
I opened the other hive and found a lot of bees attached to the inner cover. I watched the ball "melt" and to my surprise . . there was the queen!!? I coaxed her back between some frames and she disappeared. I could see she was laying a lot of eggs in a regular pattern . . .so why am I "balling"? sniffle . . .sniffle?
For more a much longer description and better pictures go here: http://eddieobees.blogspot.com/
Thus, two questions . . .
- Did I do the right thing by scraping all of the comb to the bottom? and why would they do this?
- What gives with the "balling"?
Eddie O.


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Out with the old, in with the new. Trade in your old gadgets for something more updated and useful. Bundle your items for sale for a big-ticket swap.
Somewhere here is a deal that's pretty hard to miss. Sign up and start posting your ads today and swap your old items for something new! Happy Sulit shopping!


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A Marks and Spencer (M&S;) sustainable lamb trial shows New Zealand sheep genetics beat traditional practice, offering multiple benefits to United Kingdom sheep farmers.
The trial investigated the merits of using Focus Genetics' Highlander and Primera breeds in UK sheep flocks to maximise value in the supply chain through increased lamb output and reduced production and processing costs.
Two upland flocks were used to compare a typical UK production system of Mule and Texel x Mule ewes, with Highlander and Highlander x Blackface ewes to represent different replacement breeding strategies.
The ewes were crossed with Texel rams, to represent a typical UK terminal sire, as well as UK-bred and New Zealand-bred Primera rams. Performance was recorded throughout the production and processing cycle, finishing with an evaluation of the meat's eating quality.
The trial concluded that switching from Mule to Highlander ewes offered the opportunity to develop a more sustainable lamb supply chain by reducing on-farm costs and greenhouse gas emissions, while maintaining product quality, processing efficiency and meat eating quality.
Replacing Texel rams with Primera resulted in faster growth rates and a higher proportion of high-value cuts, although Primera-sired lambs were potentially less efficient for meat processors because of their higher fat cover.
Focus Genetics, based in Napier, has been supplying New Zealand Highlander and Primera genetics for seven years.
UK manager Bayden Wilson says the independent trial was welcome affirmation of its high-quality offering, giving sustainability and profitability to farmers. UK Genetics is manned seasonally and has a client list of 130 farmers.
"We supply breeding rams from five breeders throughout the UK," he says. "We have two breeds. One is the Highlander, which is bred as the maternal sheep to be the ewe, and we have Primera, our terminal meat breed."
Focus Genetics' nucleus Primera flock is from Simon Beamish's Awapai farm, in Whanawhana, overlooking the Ngaruroro River in Hawke's Bay. He also runs a flock of Highlander for his own use, capitalising on the outstanding hybrid vigour. He says his family has been involved with genetics for three of the past five generations and points out the trial was vindication of their family's work and it was large scale.
"Once the lambs are born they get finished to a particular liveweight and they all go off to the meatworks where data is collated from a number of cuts of meat, from the hindquarter through the loin. There are something like 15 people, along with the staff at Silver Fern in Takapau, who do the weighing and measuring - there is a lot of data collected.
"In the last few years some of those cuts have been sent to the UK for testing at Bristol University. It's a bit like wine tasting with taste panels."
The M&S; trial was jointly conducted by the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) and the College of Agriculture, Food and Rural Enterprise (CAFRE) and supported by Focus Genetics and Linden Foods.
Commenting on the trial's results, AFBI scientist Dr Ronald Annett says, "The Highlander ewe showed excellent fertility and rearing ability and the Primera-sired lambs portrayed superior growth rates and had higher wholesale value.
"Hopefully, this study will make UK farmers think about what drives their returns. It highlights the importance of production efficiency, rather than focusing solely on lamb price or carcass conformation. The trial has demonstrated the importance of maternal genetics in driving production and we hope farmers will take this on board."
Steve McLean, head of agriculture and fisheries sourcing at M&S;, says that for a number of years commercial volatility had seen increasing numbers of sheep producers leaving the UK industry.
"We commissioned this work as one of our PaceSetter projects within our Farming for the Future programme. Over the last seven years we have worked with Focus Genetics and a number of UK farmers to try to replicate their successful New Zealand lamb production model in the UK. We recognise that there are a large number of different production systems in the UK and this trial is simply about establishing baseline information to allow producers to make their own informed decisions on the production model that best suits their farm."
Graham Leech, chief executive of Focus Genetics, hopes it will boost its UK business.
"We hope farmers will convert after seeing such positive scientific results," he says. "As the world seeks more sustainable food production, our genetics are well placed to help farmers improve on-farm efficiency."
M&S; is one of the UK's leading retailers with about 21 million customers each week.


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News, help and discussion of the HTC One M8, announced on March 25, 2014.
Should I update my htc one m8 from KitKat 4.4.2 to lollipop or Marshmallow?
HTC M8: Link2sd no suitable external storage available Mount Script error
Why won't my selfie stick work on my HTC M8?
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I am a fan of this forum. I have to join now to see what do you hardcore car critics think about these two car , the current m37 or 4th generation Lexus gs.I am thinking about buying one of these in FebruaryWhat turns me off is the old power-train and Hp of the GS but what do you guys think otherwise
...Dont judge a person on the car they drive
I'm going to go get the popcorn. This thread will be torn apart, you'll see.
i been reading around and you are pretty active boyardee. i been on his forum for years but just as a guest you sure are a character haha hello
...Dont judge a person on the car they drive
The Infiniti M37 would be my choice. I'd test drive both before deciding though.I'd ditch both and get an A6 3.0T or BMW 535i instead though.
____________________Because it totally worked when Lincoln did it.
reliability is a issue for me though i have heard more problem in the audi and bmw segment
...Dont judge a person on the car they drive
as of now i like the looks of the M37 better but my vote would go to the better driving car. if Lexus achieves its goals that's the winner.
_____________________First trip to the drag strip. 13.02 @ 112Personal Best: 12.7 @ 111 (95 F heat)
kcklub:reliability is a issue for me though i have heard more problem in the audi and bmw segmentI wouldn't be so sure that the Infiniti or Lexus will be any more reliable. I've heard plenty of issues with those cars as well. You need to get a good warranty with any one of these cars given the expensive equipment any of these cars have.
____________________Because it totally worked when Lincoln did it.
Thank, I suppose.German cars, as a generalization, are less reliable than Japanese competitors, and more expensive on top of that.I haven't driven either, but I much prefer the looks of the Infiniti. To me though, its dynamics would decide which I'd get, so I can't say much more than test them out.
Infiniti for sure!
Based on every review of the GS prototype the GS will offer handling and dynamics on par with the best in the class while retaining that perfect ride Lexus is known for.People are complaining about the powertrain but honestly the current GS350 is already on par with other 6-cylinder vehicles in the class(minus the A6). The new one will have a bit more power, weigh less and have a much faster shifting/rev-matching 6-speed with standard paddle shifters. It will weigh 3715 lbs which will be over 300 lbs less than the 535i and about 350 lbs less than the A6.The M37 is a very good car. Insideline said the M without the sports package is the better way to go since with it the ride is not up to par with the segment best.
_______________Your choices are white and of course black___________________
Lexus GS FTMFW.
M37 with aerodynamic kit are great lookers. The new GS design doesn't attract me, I find the last gen GS much better looking. both vehicle have one of the best interior I've seen.
--------------------------------------08 ALtima Coupe silver,08 Infiniti M35x
i own a 08 M35x and have driven 10 GS350 AWD. Both car rides very nice and suspension absorbs shock well. M35 have more of a sporty nature engine and makes a nice sexy sound. GS350 on the other hand have a very quiet and smooth engine.
--------------------------------------08 ALtima Coupe silver,08 Infiniti M35x
I guess we will have to test drive both base model and see. I am planning to buy both base or similar in price. Waiting till feb is a long long wait
...Dont judge a person on the car they drive
Lexus GS...because the new is the future king.


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Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
5/29/2017 7:00:09 PM. For Customer Service, please call 800.933.9904
These elegant swans have sure come a long way from their days as ugly ducklings. Modern print features a pair of colorful swans and multiple grey hearts on a light pink background.
Swan Couple Pink Poster Decal 28"Wx35"H
Details, details
- An Aesthetic Apparatus design
- Just peel and stick on any smooth, non-textured surface
- Freshly painted or cleaned walls should be completely dry before applying
- Poster decal is removable and repositionable
Application method
- Peel and stick: Just like it sounds. Peel it off the backing and stick it up on your wall.
Show 'em what you're made of
- Printed on fabric based, self-adhesive material
Overall DimensionsWidth: 28" Height: 35"
At The Land of Nod, nothing is more important to us than providing safe, high-quality products to you and your family. We believe that kids' products should be able to handle everything kids throw their way (literally and figuratively). That's why all of our products have an 18-year quality guarantee. And, hopefully, your kids will no longer be sleeping in bunk beds by then.
Who's there?
Sofa who?
Sofa, so good.


text:
Four-time Bathurst winner Greg Murphy has nabbed a seat in next weekend's Bathurst 12 Hour driving the Trofeo Motorsport's Corvette Z06.R with Ivan Capelli and Jim Manolios. Murphy is without a full-time gig in V8 Supercars for the first time in 15 years but looks on course for an endurance seat.
Aussie to lead Team Kiwi
The Team Kiwi Racing Porsche will have an Aussie in the driver's seat for the 2013 Australian Porsche Carrera Cup series. Shae Davies will compete in the entire seven-round title chase replacing young New Zealander Andre Heimgartner who's moved up to the Dunlop Development Series. Heimgartner's exploits in the Porsche brought him to the notice of Porsche's worldwide driver talent search.
Taupo weekend revised
The possibility of MotorSport New Zealand and V8 SuperTourers co-hosting a race meeting at the Taupo Motorsport Park, March 9-10, has fallen over. Ruapuna has picked up the date after the Canterbury Car Club's revised offer was successful.
Storey joins ISport
Dominic Storey, who has raced Formula BMW, British Formula 3, Formula Renault Europe, GP3 and Formula Renault 3.5, has signed on the dotted line to race in this year's seven-round BNT V8 SuperTourer championship for new team ISport. The 23-year-old co-drove with Steven Richards at the Ruapuna long distance race last year.
Horner sticks with Red Bull
Red Bull Formula One principal Christian Horner will not be going to Ferrari. He's just re-signed with Red Bull for a multi-year deal. Horner has steered the team for the past eight years and has three driver and constructor's championships to his name. The team retains an unchanged driver line-up of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber.
Under the hood
New Zealand single seater racer Richie Stanaway hasn't been sitting on his hands since his big accident sidelined him with a dodgy back. While the body was healing Stanaway was keeping his mind sharp competing in the iRacing.com Road Pro Series - a virtual simulator F1 race series. Stanaway dominated the second half of the season to be crowned the 2012 world champion. He won four consecutive races and won the finale at the Suzuka International Circuit with a pole-to-pole win, beating out 24 other sim-racers all driving virtual Williams-Toyota FW31s. During his convalescence last year, Richie Stanaway maintained much of his mental racing fitness by competing in online simulation racing.


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OSWP Walkthrough
General info:
After passing the OSCP course i decided to take a well deserved break. After about a month something started itching . I was so impressed by the learning method used by Offensive Security i just had to go for another one. Giving the fact i went through hell (got there, got lost, wandered around for a long long time, and finally got back) to pass for PWB i decided to go for WiFu. The main reason for this decision is that i feel i am not yet ready to pursue OSCE, cause of my previous experiences with PWB. Another reason is that even though how much i ould like to learn it, writing exploits, learning assembly etc., it is a little bit out of scope for the work i do, but WiFi becomes a more important factor for me. And last but not least, it is a bargain!
When i clicked the sign up now button i noticed a different registration process. I received a mail with additional information about the course, and a registration form. From what i remember this is new. It is good to see that the guys at OffSec are not only working on the course itself, but also everything else that counts to become a good, respectable learning institute.
The outline is pretty much equal to the other courses. You will receive a lab guide (which is in size equal to the OSCP one!) and ofcourse the video's, which will take about 2.5 hours to get through. They also specify the required skills needed to pass the course. This is a little bit more then the "basic linux commandline skills". I quote:
"You need to have basic Linux skills in order to complete this course- meaning you should be able to navigate through the Linux filesystem, run simple commands, edit files and be comfortable in the command line in general."
They also provide an estimated time for completing the course, which is according to OffSec 2 hours. Giving i have played with WiFi and the air-suite before i guess it will be a little less, but we will see.
The labs are hosted by the student. This means no VPN to connect to as with PWB, but set up your own wireless network. Besides the fact that this is also good to know, it provides a nice look on the other side of IT security, which is in this case not hacking it, but properly configuring it. They also provide some tips on hardware which should not be a problem, cause most of the wireless adapters have good support in the latest version of Backtrack.
Finally there is an exam (ofcourse). This one will take about 3 hours including the time to prepare your results and to send them by mail. There are no pre set dates, but you have to schedule the exam within 4 months from your starting date. My guess is this will be no problem.
right now i am waiting for further instructions, and i must say i am stoked to be starting another OffSec course again!
(First) Impressions:
OK, this was supposed to be a first impression update, but since i already covered all material i will rename it to just impressions. As i suspected the course is significally smaller than OSCP. I knew this before i started the course, because of the CPE points you get for both exams. Ofcourse getting through the course so fast is partly my fault, because i spend almost the entire weekend on the course. First lets start with the course guide.
The first couple of chapters contain some background information on the wireless protocol. Mostly is about the used protocols and operating modes. Even though none of this information is required for the exam, it is very useful to read through to get a deeper understandig of the wireless protocol. There is also a chapter that covers the hardware aspect. While this information can be considered a little bit oudated because of the current developments within Backtrack 4 and the upcoming 802.11n protocol it makes the choice of hardware a little bit easier if you dont want to go dig in technical specifications of wireless adapters. This is something i decided to do just because i think it is fun.
Like mosts hackers i like new toys and if possible, the best toys available. I got myself an Alfa Network AWUS036NH, which is not supported out of the box by BT4R2, but there are tutorials around to get it fully working. I bought this specific one with current and future developments in mind, because the n protocol becomes more and more mainstream. While i was at it, i also ordered a 9dbi high gain antenna to make the picture complete. OK, enough about the hardware.
The course is mainly focussed on the aircrack suite. The last chapters cover some other tools briefly, but almost not noteworthy. I like the layout of the course, because the different attack techniques are explained before you start the actual attack. This gives a better understanding of what goes on while aircrack is doing what it does best. While doing some extended research on the tool (after getting some vague errors which somehow dissapeared after a reboot, so actually not noteworthy) i saw that most of the material is also covered on the aircrack site. This makes the course a little bit obsolete if you just want to learn WiFu and do not want to pursue the certification. Still the additional video's provide a good addition to the course guide.
Again, Mati does a great job explaining the different attack techniques and makes it all very understandable. I always say that if you have the power to make something difficult look easy, you truly master the skills. Even though some subjects may need some updates, (for example, why is still BT3 recommended with the madwifi drivers?) it is still a great course to follow. Since there are no real exercises in the course (except for trying everything yourself) i will skip this part and move right on to the exam, so stay tuned for the next update: Exam time!
Exam time!
The exam exists of multiple WEP and WPA wireless networks that need to be hacked. There is a wordlist present for the WPA network(s), so do not worry about failing the exam because of a bad wordlist. The exam is more about how you got the result instead of the actual result. You have 4 hours to complete the exam and a total of 24 hours to send in the acquired results. They specifically ask for a workout of the steps taken and commands used which got you to your result. After this you will receive a reply with your results within a few workdays.
Different from the other courses, you will login using a SSH connection on a Backtrack3 box where the wireless setup has been prepared. The host has two wireless devices hooked up, which gives you the decision to choose your favourite driverset (Atheros or Alfa). Since i practised at home with the alfa my choice was obvious.
Saying this, there is really nothing more to tell about this course. I like the introduction chapters that give a better theoretical understanding of the wifi protocol. The big advantage of this course is that you will learn different attack methods to obtain the key which can be different depending on the state of the network (client/clientless, OPN/SKA etc.).
I received a reply on my submitted documentation within 24 hours, which was extremely fast! since i owned all the networks i figured i would most certainly pass, but there is always that little piece of doubt. Still when i got the results i was stoked i passed the course. Thank you again for all the feedback i received and for taking the time to join me once again in this walkthrough. I hope you had as much fun reading it as i had writing it. Thanks again to everyone for this great experience and the opportunity to tell others about my experiences within the security field. Until next time.
earning my stripes appears to be a road i must travel alone...with a little help of EH.net


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Loaded with terrific five-star hotels, the Hawaiian Islands offer affluent travelers a diverse collection of luxury properties, each influenced considerably by the charm and distinctive personality of their respective locations.
Read the rest of this article
St. Regis Princeville Resort earns honors for Hawaii spa resorts, Conde Nast Traveler's 2012 readers poll of the top spa resorts in Hawaii.
A great surf town is the nearly magical sum of consistent waves, inviting accommodations, friendly locals, fun nightlife, delicious food, and plenty of activities should the ocean go flat.
Prince Course Awarded as "2012 GRAA Top 50 Public Facilities" by Golf Range Association. Honors are bestowed as well on ranges and learning centers that serve the public player in welcoming fashion or cater to discerning, avid golfers in their member-only enclaves.
Thank you for your interest in Princeville at Hanalei News. For more information, including unique story angles or to request a press visit, please contact our public relations team at: email@example.com.
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There's never been a better time
to apply to Otterbein University.
Apply online today!
< Back to Majors and Minors
Here's what you'll do in the Communication Studies major:
Do you like to hold organizational leadership positions? Enjoy speaking in public and debating others? Have talents that include excellent communication skills, both written and verbal? Find that you are able to diagnose communication breakdowns and help repair them?
The answers to these questions might lead you to major in communication studies at Otterbein. From identifying communication problems and fixing them, to speaking confidently and clearly in public, you will learn and practice the elements of organizational and speech communication.
In Communication Studies, you'll learn how to write and speak effectively and persuasively in a variety of personal and professional arenas. Through the major's electives you can enhance your skills as a speaker and team facilitator. You can also learn how to help organizations improve their communication to foster open and effective dialogue.
You might:
You will be guided by faculty members who have real-world experience and are actively involved in the ever-changing communications profession.
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