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Wednesday, December 13, 2006
Nawida 2150
"Mes Joe? She kee."
The old man looked up from his book, saw the boy's smiling brown face at the door. "Da Manda Gaia?"
"Ayah, en da gran house. Habby Nawida!" He grinned and scampered off. Joe closed the book and rose slowly to his feet, wincing at the familiar pain, as the habits of half a lifetime picked at the boy's words. Nawida, that was from old Spanish "Navidad." Ironic that the name remained, when the faith it came from was no more than a memory now. Half the words in Alengo were like that, tenanted with the ghosts of old meanings like some haunted building in the old ruins.
He got his cane and a bundle wrapped in cloth, looked out the open door to make sure the rain would hold off a little longer. Out past the palms and mango trees, dark clouds billowed against the southern sky. Those promised another round of monsoon within a day or so, but overhead the sky was clear and blue all the way to space. He nodded, left the little thatched house and started down the broad dirt path that passed for the little village's main street.
Ghosts, he said to himself as a pig trotted across the way, heading off into the rich green of the fields and the jungle beyond them. Alengo itself—that had been "our lingo" back when it was a makeshift pidgin born on the streets of a half-ruined city. Half Spanish, half English, half Mama Gaia knew what, that was the old joke, but the drought years turned it into a language of its own. These days people spoke Alengo all along the coast from Tenisi west to the plains, and only a few old fools like Joe kept English alive so that somebody could still read the old books.
He wondered what old Molly would have thought of that. She'd spent most of his childhood bribing and browbeating him into learning as much as she thought he could, and went to Mama Gaia convinced she hadn't done enough. He hadn't expected to step into old Tom Wu's footsteps as the village schoolteacher, either, but somehow things turned out that way. Ghosts, he said to himself again. It wasn't just the language that they haunted.
Off to the left a stream that didn't exist at all in the drought years splashed its way between jagged lumps of concrete and young trees. There stood the grandest and saddest ghost of all, the little brick building they'd raised for the waterwheel-driven generator. What a project that was! Dan the blacksmith, ten years in the earth now, did all the ironwork just for the fun of it, and half a dozen others helped put up the building, craft the waterwheel, and wind the coils. Even the village kids helped, scrounging wire from the old ruins.
They got it working, too, turning out twelve volts DC as steady as you please. That was when reality started whittling away at the dream of bringing back Old Time technology, because they didn't have a thing they could do with that current. Light bulbs were out of reach—Joe worked out the design for a vacuum pump, but nobody could craft metal to those tolerances any more, never mind trying to find tungsten for filaments or gases for a fluorescent bulb—and though he got an electric motor built and running after a lot more salvaging, everything anyone could think of to do with it could be done just as well or better by skilled hands with simpler tools.
Then someone turned up an Old Time refrigerator with coolant still in the coils. For close on twenty years, that was the generator's job, keeping one battered refrigerator running so that everyone in the village had cold drinks in hot weather. That refrigerator accomplished one thing more, though, before it finally broke down for good—it taught Joe the difference between a single machine and a viable technology. It hurt to admit it, but without a fossil-fueled industrial system churning out devices for it to run, electricity wasn't worth much.
When the refrigerator rattled its last, Joe bartered the copper from the wire—worth plenty in trade by then—for books for the school. He'd done well by it, too, and brought home two big dictionaries and a big matched set of books from Old Time called the Harvard Classics, mostly by authors nobody in the village knew at all. His students got plenty of good English prose to wrestle with, and the priestess borrowed and copied out one volume from the set because it was by one of the Gaian saints and nobody else anywhere had a copy. Still, he'd kept one loop of wire from the generator as a keepsake, and left another on Molly's grave.
A voice broke into this thoughts: "Ey, Mes Joe!" A young man came past him, wearing the plain loincloth most men wore these days. Eddie, Joe remembered after a moment, Eddie sunna Sue—hardly anybody used family names any more, just the simple mother-name with a bit of rounded English in front. "Tu needa han?" Eddie said. Before Joe could say anything, he grinned and repeated his words in English: "Do you need any help?"
That got a ghost of a smile. "No, I'm fine. And glad to see you didn't forget everything I taught you. How's Emmie?"
"Doing fine. You know we got a baby on the way? I don't know if you got anything in your books about keeping a mother safe."
"Sharon should have everything I have. Still, I'll take a look." Sharon was the village healer and midwife, and all three of the medical books she had came out of Joe's library, but the reassurance couldn't hurt. Emmie was Eddie's second wife; the first, Maria, died in childbirth. That happened less often than it used to—Sharon knew about germs and sanitation, and used raw alcohol as an antiseptic no matter how people yelped about how it stung—but it still happened.
"Thanks! I be sure they save you a beer." Eddie grinned again and trotted down the street.
Joe followed at his own slower pace. The street went a little further and then widened into a plaza of sorts, with the marketplace on one side, the Gaian church on another, and the village hall—the gran house, everyone called it—on a third. Beyond the gran house, the ground tumbled down an uneven slope to the white sand of the beach and the sea reaching south to the horizon. A few crags of concrete rose out of the water here and there, the last traces of neighborhoods that had been just that little bit too low when the seas rose. Every year the waves pounded those a bit lower; they'd be gone soon, like so many of the legacies of Old Time.
Another irony, he thought, that what brought disaster to so many had been the salvation of his village and the six others that huddled in the ruins of the old city. It took the birth of a new sea to break the drought that once had the whole middle of the continent in its grip. Another ghost hovered up there in the dark monsoon clouds—the day the clouds first came rolling up out of the south and dumped rain on the parched ground. He'd been out in the plaza with everyone else, staring up at the clouds, smelling the almost-forgotten scent of rain on the wind, dancing and whooping as the rain came crashing down at last.
There had been some challenging times after that, of course. The dryland corn they grew before then wouldn't handle so much moisture, and they had to barter for new seed and learn the way rice paddies worked and tropical fruit grew. Too, the monsoons hadn't been so predictable those first few years as they became later: Mama Gaia testing them, the priestess said, making sure they didn't get greedy and stupid the way people were in Old Time. Joe wasn't sure the biosphere had any such thing in mind—by then he'd read enough Old Time books that the simple faith Molly taught him had dissolved into uncertainties—but that time, at least, he kept his mouth shut. People in Old Time had been greedy and stupid, even the old books admitted that, and if it took religion to keep that from happening again, that's what it took.
He crossed the little plaza, went into the gran house. The solemn part of Nawida was over, the prayers said to Mama Gaia and all the saints, and the bonfire at midnight to mark the kindling of the new year; what remained was feasting and fun. Inside, drums, flutes and fiddles pounded out a dance tune; young women bare to the waist danced and flirted with young men, while their elders sat on the sides of the hall, sipping palm wine and talking; children scampered around underfoot, bare as when they were born. People waved greetings to Joe as he blinked, looked around the big open room, sighted the one he needed to find.
He crossed the room slowly, circling around the outer edge of the dancing, nodding to the people who greeted him. The one he'd come to meet saw him coming, got to her feet: a middle-aged woman, black hair streaked with iron gray, wearing the plain brown robe of the Manda Gaia. Hermandad de Gaia, that had been, and likely still was west along the coast where Alengo gave way to something closer to old Spanish; Fellowship of Gaia was what they said up North where something like English was still spoken. The Manda Gaia was a new thing, at least to the Gaian faith, though Joe knew enough about history to recognize monasticism when he saw it.
"You must be the schoolteacher," the woman said in flawless English, and held out a hand in the Old Time courtesy. "I'm Juli darra Ellen."
"Joe sunna Molly." He took her hand, shook it. "Yes. Thank you for agreeing to come."
"For three years now we've talked of sending someone here to see you." She motioned him to a seat on the bench along the wall. "Please. You look tired."
He allowed a smile, tried to keep his face from showing the sudden stab of pain as he sat. "A little. Enough that I should probably come straight to the point." He held out the cloth-wrapped bundle. "This is a gift of sorts, for the Manda Gaia."
The cloth opened, revealing a battered book and a narrow black case. She glanced at the spine of the book, then opened the case and pulled out the old slide rule.
"Do you know what it is?" Joe asked her.
"Yes." Carefully, using two fingers, she moved the middle section back and forth. "I've read about them, but I've never seen one. Where did you find it?"
"It's been in my family for around a hundred years." That was true in Alengo, at least, where "mi famli" meant the people you grew up with, and "mi mama" the woman who took care of you in childhood; like everyone else, he'd long since given up using Old Time terms of relationship. "The book explains how it's used. I can't claim to be an expert, but I've done some respectably complex math on it."
"This thing is precious," she said. "I'll take it to our mother house in Denva, get it copied by our craftspeople there, and bring it back to you."
"That won't be necessary. I don't think it'll be possible, either." He met her gaze. "Cancer of the bowels," he said then. "Not the way I would have chosen to go, but there it is. It's been close to three years now, and by the time you get to Denva and back I'll be settling down comfortably in the earth."
"Mama Gaia will take you to Her heart." Seeing his smile: "You don't believe that."
"I think the biosphere has better things to worry about than one old man."
"Well, I won't argue theology."
That got another smile. "Pity." Then: "I have one other thing to ask, though. I hear quite a bit about the Manda Gaia these days. They say you have schools in some places, schools for children. For the last twenty years all my best pupils have gone into the church, and there's nobody here to replace me. I'd like to see someone from your order take over the school when this thing gets the better of me. I wish I could say that's a long way off."
She nodded. "I can send a letter today."
"Thank you. You've made a cynical old man happy, and that's not a small feat." " The dance music paused, and in the momentary hush he fancied he could hear another, deeper stillness gathering not far off. He thought about the generator again, and the concrete crags battered by the waves, and wondered how many more relics of Old Time would be sold for scrap or washed away before the world finished coming back into balance.
21 comments:
- fatguyonalittlebike said...
Great series. Really enjoyed it.
- Maeve said...
This one is my favorite of them all. I believe it is because you've captured well the poignancy of irrevocable loss. As the old way of life is forgotten by the new generations, and the few things which were assimilated into the new way of life have their origins also forgotten, it must be unsettling for the older ones who do remember.
It adds a layer of meaning to the term "generation gap". Not only is there a distance between the old and the new, but there is literally no way for the new to understand or comprehend the old ways.
I enjoyed the picture you've painted, of the hope we can have that something of good from our current lives will survive and live on in the future generations.
I don't think we're doomed, since in many parts of the world people still live mainly without all the luxuries of industrial society. And even for those of us in spoiled pampered societies it hasn't been all that long since we had no electricity in our houses, since toilets were a pit in the back yard. We only have to look back 100 years to see that kind of lifestyle being the norm.
We have a chance, especially if we don't waste time, and go talk to our elders NOW. Before they die. Before their knowledge is lost. These are the people who remember getting electricity in their homes- perhaps a single bare dangling bulb in the livingroom. These are the people who can tell you how to boil and scrub your clothes on the wood-burning stove. These are the people who had real responsibilities at the age of 5.
So doomed? No. But modern people are going to be rudely awakened. And I for one believe it will be within our lifetimes. I believe there will come a time, not too many years away from now, where we won't have the luxury of reading thought-provoking blogs at 9:30pm. I wonder how many people realize how precarious our way of life is. I wonder if they realize how short and fleeting it is. I wonder too, how many have given thought to their online world, and the fact that it won't always be there. I wonder if they do think of these things, and appreciate the internet a little more, if they take the time to make use of the great resource it is.
I wonder, beyond people such as those who come here, or are otherwise actively trying to prepare for a future that is inevitable, if people are doing anything other than rushing faster and faster towards the end of industrial society.
We're in the midst of changeable weather fronts where I live, and unsettling weather often provokes an unsettled mind. :) Especially when the grass on my lawn is still mostly green, yet in my childhood it was always brown and dormant by end October, and usually covered with snow.
- Loveandlight said...
What was the old city referred to in the story? I'm guessing either San Francisco, Portland, or Seattle.
- nwlorax said...
This was a rough set of stories to read, for a number of reasons. You have reasonably undercut a lof of overly hopeful scenarios for the future, and your fiction isn't that far removed from the way that billions of folks live today. I agree with probably 85% of your reasoning. That said, I would like to pick some nits.
One of the great myths of the modern, computer age strata of the world is the conceit that this is the best and only extant culture, aside from parts of Borneo where Microsoft and Starbucks don't yet have stores.
The most relevant citizens of the West (and East) are fictive persons, aka corporations. This Advance Guard for going to Hell in a Handbasket are energy intensive multinational corporations, whose existence rises or falls in accord with by the strength of rumors of the next quarter's profit/loss sheet. (Just look at the way that the rumors of the existence/non-existence of Apple Computer's never announced or rumored iPhone have driven Wall Street analysts buggy for the last three years.)
Just a fraction of an inch beneath this headline grabbing information exchange economy that is based on silicon, gigabit Internet and largely fictive wealth lies a complex series of cultures that co-exist with the computer age and live a lot more lightly on the earth.
This isn't just a third world phenomenon---most of Oklahoma, Mexico, Brazil and Cornwall live largely off the information grid.
I suspect that the information interchange that goes on in these wilder places and is mediated by the soil, the weather and folks in closer contact with external nature is qualitatively different from the one that exists in the Fritz Lang's "Metropolis" reality of our present.
It may be that participation in one of these lesser-tech webs is required to maintain human sanity and health.
Certain bits of our technology are very robust. Nothing short of a direct hit by a tank shell or bolt of lightning can do much damage to a hardened computer or cell phone, and if even one tenth of one percent of those were to survive the collapse of modern civilization, we could still use that equipment.
At the height of the Cold war, in '78 there was a fiction story in "73 Magazine, set not so far in a future when the USSR won the cold war, liberals had taken over the country, and the only folks with technology and an education were the amateur radio operators around the world who held society together via communication over meteor burst technology or moonbounce transmissions relaying vital information and news over wind powered transmitters with equipment cannabalized from cars, dump sites, etc.
With about fifty cell phones, a couple of amplifiers and fifty windmills or low voltage water generators and a lunar calendar, any good ham could build a regional or world information network in a couple of weeks. How do I know? Because amateur radio low power contests (QRP) members do just this sort of thing at this time.
Just because our technology right now is generally bloated, inefficient and not environmentally friendly does not mean that it has to remain that way.
Would you rather have to pay the environmental costs of an led that will last a century or more, or one hundred years worth of blubber or tallow candles that require an ongoing and massive investment of energy and time?
As ugly as coal burning furnaces are, they can be cleaner than a high efficiency wood burning stove. There has been a recent re-assessment of the greenhouse gases produced in efficient wood stoves, and the numbers are not encouraging.
I really like the bit about the antique slide rule, as class of '76 was the last in our High School that had to learn to use them. As beautiful to look at as they are, they are not all that useful for anything other than a seat of the pants guesstimation, and never were in the era before calculators. Give me tables or a set of Napier's bones anyday!
People in high tech welding, pipefitting and related disciplines don't use calculators or slide rules, they carry log and trig tables, which can be derived readily with a minimal understanding of mathematics, at least to a reasonable standard of accuracy.
Keep writing!
- Loveandlight said...
Never mind, it's probably Kansas City (just reread the previous story), and the coast on which the protagonist is situated is the new southern cost, and probably virtually all of Dixie is submerged.
- Steve said...
Maeve used the word "poignant". I guess I can't do better than that.
I have read all three of your future history pieces, and for some reason that I can't quite put a finger on, my eyes welled up at the last paragraph of each story.
Poignant, indeed.
- sgage
- John Michael Greer said...
Many thanks, all!
Maeve, you're spot on one of the central themes of this blog -- the future isn't about doom and it isn't about today's version of business as usual, it's about returning to normal human existence after the wild, weird, and largely self-destructive ride of the industrial age. The downside of the ride is likely to be harrowing, but it's not the end of the world -- just the end of one more civilization that lost track of its dependence on nature.
Loveandlight, the city's not on the west coast -- if I set it there, I'd have to factor in tens of millions of Japanese refugees. (There are 100 million people living on the Japanese islands right now, 20 or 30 times what the islands can possibly support in a postpetroleum age; they have lots of boats, and the strongest current in the North Pacific flows from there right to the west coast of North America.) I didn't choose a specific city for the series, but it's a generic midwestern city close to the Mississippi river.
Yes, all of Dixie except for the Appalachians is underwater by this time, due to the melting of the Antarctic ice cap. If anyone knows a good source for a map of the world with sea level raised 250 feet, BTW, please post it -- I need one for another project.
Gordon, of course you're right that not all of the world participates in the current information web. Most of it participates in the global trade economy, though, and almost all of it depends on petrochemicals in one way or another -- especially for food and the maintenance of civil order by governments. On the other hand, those who are more peripheral in the industrial economy will be in better shape to weather the change than those close in to the center.
Your comments about technology demand a post all by themselves. Luckily, I'd already decided to put up something about the limitations of a salvage economy and the extent to which current technology will still be useful in the deindustrial age.
I'm planning a Q&A with Joe next week, and then it's back to essays, at least for a while.
- Jan Steinman said...
If anyone knows a good source for a map of the world with sea level raised 250 feet, BTW, please post it.
The British Columbia Sierra Club has managed to hack Google Earth to show expected sea level rises, which we used before purchasing property:
- popeye cahn said...
Here's a better link:
- bunnygirl said...
I've enjoyed watching the language and culture changes as you move through the years with these stories.
Like you, I've struggled with the idea of technology-- what can be salvaged, what can be done in a different way. So much of our current technology isn't built to last or be repaired. Even our "repairs" are really just replacing one part for another.
If your hard drive fails in 2050 and no one is making them any more, or if the few that are being made are too hard to get due to transportation difficulties, it won't matter if you have electricity from wind or solar, an intact phone line, and the money to buy what you need. Your computer will be a museum piece, if anyone is still bothering with museums.
As in other historical transitions, wealth and transportation will likely determine which places crash fast and hard, and which areas will limp along for awhile and maybe even find a way to preserve or recover certain aspects of today's technology that we hold dear.
The big wild card this time around, though, is our damaged environment. I like the way the global temperature rise has factored into this series of stories.
I look forward to the return of your essays, but I hope you won't abandon your fiction writing!
- bodhifox said...
Another set of maps...
I keep thinking about the druid chapterhouses you've discussed elsewhere, and the abbey in Canticle for Leibowitz should things go that far and I'm tending to put hopeful energy in that direction, for the sake of my children and theirs.
Thanks for these glimpses.
- Adrynian said...
It frightens and saddens me to consider all of the knowledge we'll lose, even with Fellowships and such saving what they can.
There was an article in the Guardian (and CBC and elsewhere) recently about how some divers found what is essentially a commplex brass clock for the solar system from Ancient Greece. It had gears and craftsmanship that wasn't equalled again until the 18th century and scientists had previously had no idea that the Ancient Greeks were capable of that level of crafting. They think the only reason it survived without being melted down as scrap for some other purpose was because it was on a ship that sunk, and so was inaccessible.
I hate to think that we'll lose all of our knowledge and technology like that and that it will take people a few thousand years to rediscover things like radio again. It's my hope that at least some of the more simple but powerful technologies, like lens crafting for telescopes and microscopes, gear crafting for simple motors and machines (e.g. bicycles, water pumps, etc.), and perhaps even a few more complex techs like radios will survive. (By the way, from having taken a bit of engineering before switching degrees, it's my understanding that a simple radio - receiver, at least - can be constructed out of everyday household items; for example, a capacitor can be made from plastic wrap and tin foil, not that either will be in abundance for long after an industrial collapse.)
But, to put a tiny spin of realistic optimism on my otherwise seemingly fruitless hope that some of these technologies will survive, I turn to Jane Jacobs' description of the city as the engine of creativity and economy. It seems fairly clear that probably all of the super-mega-hyper-cities of today will implode just as their ancient equivalents did when food supplies became scarce. But, for example, with the Maya, several of their less intensely populated cities survived and even thrived for hundreds of years past the start of the Mayan collapse. My hope, then, is that some of the places that we now consider towns or small cities will become the incubators of future prosperity, as well as the sites of industry for some of the aforementioned technologies.
JMG, your last story focused on one of six vilages that live among the ruins of an old city. In such a place, I think it's only fitting that most old techs wouldn't survive, because as you wrote, no one could craft metal to within the necessary tolerances anymore. Not that I think people in a city necessarily could, but my point is just that there couldn't be enough specialization of labour, or a large enough pool of talent to draw from, or a large enough market to support the technologies, in a small village or group of villages. But in a small city, or a collection of a few small cities linked by trade, it is more likely that some technologies and expert craftsmanship will survive and thrive (I think).
- Stephen Kerr said...
I've been following your blog, and I really like most of it, but I think you've forgotten something. What about the arts?
Right now I'm listening to an old Bix Beiderbecke recording of the Ostrich Walk. Man, that guy could really swing. I love the music of the swing era, and I can't imagine a world that would be stupid enough to forget about the tremendous legacy of recorded music that we've been lucky enough to accumulate in the 20th and 21st centuries.
If I could only power one electronic appliance in my house, it would be my stereo system, and I know there are millions out there who would say the same thing. Next would be my laptop, but without the net there wouldn't be much point, would there?
Music is one of the great ways of transmitting culture, and I think that as peak energy hits us, people will come to rely on cultural expression more and more to make sense of the world. I don't buy that the exigencies of massive political and economic crisis will prevent cultural expression. Music will be central, because it's so immediate.
I can't relate to a Mozart opera like his contemporaries could, nor can I even relate to swing like my grandparents might have, but I still love both. Both speak directly to my soul, across time, and culture, gender, race and class.
I'm sure that for future musicians, the legacy of modern and classical music will still be a powerful influence, and that somewhere in 2150 somebody with a DC power source will have the presence of mind to plug it into the last CD player, not the last refrigerator!
- Maeve said...
I spent my school years singing in choir and playing in the band and I love music. I believe music is a vital, integral part of cultures. So I am very pro-music. :) I would find a world without music a very dreary place.
I do understand how precious that sound of the individual artist is. But who knows what would be around in one's community. You could be stuck with a cassette of Weird Al singing "Vanessa, pick me a letter", or someone's mp3 of American Idol auditions. I'm pretty sure I'd pick the cold drinks unless the music was good.
We will always have music though. Someone will pick up a rock or a stick, if nothing else, and beat it on something else. And someone will chant or sing. And others will dance. It won't be impersonal, me and my machine. It will be community, you-all and I and the neighbor coming together in the village square to make merry. It will be having a celebration and a feast when the peddler or bard pass through town.
- Gaelan said...
Thank you for a wonderful set of stories. I like how you followed a single thread, generation to generation, with the slide rule featuring in each one.
I shared these stories with my wife, and aside from being moved by them generally, she was so enchanted by the idea of cloth gift wrap that she's decided to wrap all our holiday gifts that way from now on.
While essays are a great way to say what needs saying, I think fiction brings thoughts to life in a way that readers can experience more personally. Such inspiration provokes change.
Keep up the good work!
- Loveandlight said...
So the sea-level has risen by 100 meters by this time. Bye-bye Cuba and Ireland. :-(
- Toomas (Tom) Karmo said...
John, so many of us are so inexpressibly grateful both for this series of Solstice stories and for the fine comments it has elicited from your readers. Especially moving for some of us are your remarks on monasticism (a theme to which I return toward the end of this long post).
I'll make detailed remarks under three headings: (1) the pertinence of your example of the slide rule; (2) the fragility of high technology; (3) the current availability of opportunities for investigating monasticism.
(1) Yes, the slide rule is indeed a device worth preserving. A 0.25-metre slide rule such as we used to use in high school in the 1960s enabled calculations to three significant figures, in other words to a precision of 1 part in 1000. This is enough for most physics problems in the undergraduate syllabus. And we note from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule that one observatory in 19th-century Germany achieved a precision of six significant figures, in other words an accuracy of 1 part in 1,000,000, with a slide rule 2 metres long. It would be unusual anywhere in science or engineering to need, or indeed to be able to make physically meaningful use of, more than six significant figures in calculations.
(Recall here that even MEASURING a physical quantity to six significant figures is an unusual feat, not normally performed in the undergrad physics lab or undergrad observatory.)
(2) It is worth stressing how very fragile our technology is. I will spell out this point at length, referring to (a) computers, (b) radio, and (c) machining.
(a) Computers in their presently familiar form require either a hard drive or a large flash memory simulating a hard drive. A hard drive is like an incandescent light bulb: it is virtually certain that, being a device with moving parts, it will fail after a few years. Flash memory lacks moving parts, but cannot tolerate more than a finite number of read-write cycles, and so likewise has a finite service life. We may expect, then, that our computers will fade away as their drives conk out, unless we can keep continually renewing our hardware. With the loss of computers will go the loss of such information as is not consigned to printed paper or oral tradition.
What about CD-ROM, as a medium for preserving at least read-only records, and so doing at least a part of the work of hard drives? Well, alas, CD-ROMs degrade to the point of unreadability after some decades, thanks to the chemistry of their delicately pitted surfaces. (This sad fact has consequences not for computing alone, but also for musicology. The Bach performances of the future will have to come either from vinyl LPs or from live musicians skilled in reading and interpreting paper scores.)
A further vulnerability in our computers comes from the centralized nature of component manufacturing. I don't know how dangerously centralized hard-drive fabrication is. (The cleanroom requirements are severe, but just HOW severe?) However, I do recall on the side of RAM, as opposed to hard drives, that one fire, or earthquake, or something, temporarily stopped memory-chip fabrication in some such place as Taiwan around 1995 or 2000, and that the effects of that seemingly small disruption (perhaps involving only a single plant, or a neighbourhood of plants!) were so severe as to drive up the price of memory chips worldwide.
In addition, computers can be destroyed in military operations by electromagnetic pulse (EMP; Wikipedia has a writeup). A single high-altitude nuclear detonation over, say, the American midwest can generate an EMP sufficient to wreck computer electronics over much of the USA and Canada. The only realistic preventative measure is to "harden" one's computer by putting it into a metal box, technically a Faraday cage, with no data cables extending from inside the box to the outside world.
Now what about the Internet? Here we have a technology that could fail even before individual personal computers do, since it relies for its integrity not only on long-distance fibre but on the pairing of (i) thousands of gateways harbouring correctly updated routing tables with (ii) a cohort of about a dozen top-level Domain Name System (DNS) servers and their thousands of subordinate, sub-subordinate, or sub-sub-subordinate DNS servers. I seem to recall hearing from a relevantly informed sysadmin that all of us here in Toronto are ultimately dependent for our link to the global Internet on one single facility - in essence, on some gear in one single building - through which the totality of our Toronto TCP/IP packets, whether inbound or outbound, is ultimately routed. That's something like 4 million Toronto citizens, or say on the order of 1 million frequent Toronto computer users, all dependent on some routing hardware that must occupy a volume of just a few cubic metres!
(b) Cell phones are not a route into ham radio, since effective ham communications require frequencies in the HF part of the spectrum, not the UHF part used by cell phones. Circuit designs are different in these two wavelength regimes. With UHF, we can communicate only as far as the horizon. And indeed cell phones do not talk directly to other cell phones, but only via elaborate, expensive, relay towers, themselves internetworked to provide over-the-horizon capabilities.
But the participant in this discussion thread, Gordon (nwlorax), who raised the issue of cell phones in terms that I have herewith taken the liberty of correcting also refers usefully, pertinently, relevantly, to QRP in the world of ham radio. QRP involves Morse code, generally in the HF part of the spectrum. The underlying electronics is conceptually simpler than what we have in a cell phone and is more amenable to being put together from individual components in the home workshop. Particulars on constructing one's own QRP rig are given in David P. Rutlege's book, "The Electronics of Radio". Prof. Rutledge's project is designed to be handled by good engineering undergrads, say at 2nd- or 3rd-year level, possessing access to the usual university lab-and-tutor resources, and possessing perhaps 150 or 300 spare study hours.
With QRP Morse, one can transmit at about 20 words a minute. This is one quarter the speed of a good typist, and so gives one not the equivalent of the Internet, but the (very useful, even life-saving) equivalent of the intercity Victorian telegraph service.
I am for my part addressing Peak Oil by learning Morse, using the MFJ-418 tutor (price is approx 100 USD; allow 300 hours to attain 20-words-per-minute proficiency), as well as by participating in our local University of Toronto amateur radio club.
We have in our club radio shack a further piece of technology that might prove handy in Peak Oil scenarios, namely, a capability to transmit TCP/IP packets from radio-equipped computer to radio-equipped computer, bypassing the fragile Internet. As I briefly argue in the advanced-readers appendix to "Utopia 2184", at my site www.metascientia.com, this technology could be used to maintain a rudimentary, text-only, quasi-Internet, in the spirit of 1980s AOL, should our normal apparatus of routers and intercity fibre get damaged beyond repair.
(c) The importance of precision machining is appropriately brought out in the third of these extraordinary Solstice stories, at the point at which we learn that the schoolmaster Joe and his co-workers could not make the vacuum pump needed for fabricating incandescent lightbulbs. I'd remark here that when my own country, Estonia, was in ruins in 1945, one of the engineers in my student organization, Korporatsioon Vironia, came back home from (or was transported by the Party, the loathsome CP-USSR, back home from) Russia and immediately asked: Are there any machine tools left? He asked, in other words: Are there in these bombed-out streets any remaining lathes and drills suitable for making precision metal tools? It was when he learned that the answer was "Yes" that he decided economic recovery was possible. When we lose the ability to machine a rod to a precision of, say, 25 microns (in USA parlance, a "thou", or thousandth-of-an-inch), we have lost our ability to make good tool-making tools, and then indeed can look forward only to the limited life of the "savager" so stoutly disparaged by the big-hearted Molly in John's poignant stories.
(3) In pondering monasticism, we may wish to analyze the hardiness of some existing monastic institutions. In Estonia, they kept the Petseri monastery, which dates from around the time of Ivan the Terrible, going in the teeth of communism. In the USA, we can ponder the hopeful example of the Archabbey of St Vincent, near LaTrobe in Pennsylvania. This archabbey I know, being one of its Oblate Novices. The Archabbey has been going since around 1850, and is far enough from Pittsburgh to offer a degree of safety in even a severe and rapid social collapse. Usefully, its little college campus is set in farmland, which I suspect is still in the ownership of the monks. In Canada, we have the example of Madonna House, whose foundress was already in the 1950s preaching and promoting what we nowadays call "organic farming". (The foundress was herself a refugee of the Russian Revolution. I know at least one lady who knew her, and that lady or her immediate colleagues have kindly conveyed to me a small relic of the foundress, which I keep on my home desk.)
It is moving almost beyond words to find John linking monasticism with the survival of learning.
John, please keep writing!
Toomas (Tom) Karmo
(Catholic lad in Toronto)
verbum at interlog dot com
- bunnygirl said...
Thanks for your detailed explanation of some of the technologies under discussion.
I had a friend read my first peak oil novel (unpublished) which takes place about 30-40 years post-crash. She just couldn't understand why people were listening to records and CDs instead of mp3s!
The mp3 players on the market today have a frighteningly short lifespan of only a few years. Computer hard drives can crank along for longer (as long as all goes well), but after that, you need new stuff.
I've read that CDs have an estimated life of 70 years with good care, but no one really knows. Vinyl has proven staying power, but even with the best of care it warps, cracks, becomes brittle or just gets worn down.
Without precision manufacturing, people 100 years post-crash might not be familiar with recorded music.
I believe that there is no one-size-fits-all post-crash scenario. Some places will crash back to the stone age, while others will prosper and even develop new technologies. Places will change on different time schedules, and what is forgotten in one place will be cherished in another.
But many of the machines we rely upon today are so complex that keeping them running or inventing replacements for them will be a formidable challenge.
Oh, regarding communications, how about the heliograph (using mirrors to send morse code signals)? I could see it making a comeback in sunny places.
- John Michael Greer said...
A fast round of comments before I get back to work on this week's post...
First, thanks all for the sea level maps -- these were exactly what I needed.
Bunnygirl and Adrynian, you both bring up points about technology that, like Gordon's, will be going into a future post. The basic concept I'd like to drop into the hopper, though, is the extent to which all our technology -- not just the stuff that actually burns oil, coal, natural gas, etc -- is dependent on having extravagant amounts of basically free energy to throw around. Many, perhaps most, of our present technologies, even if they are preserved or rediscovered, will never again be more than exotic toys because the energy per capita that made them work as part of an economy and a society will not be around in the foreseeable future. More on this later, though.
Stephen, I haven't forgotten about the arts, but I want to redefine your comment. What you're saying is that the musical dimension of our culture depends on fossil fuels just as completely as, say, transportation. We've gotten used to listening to recorded music, rather than playing it ourselves, as most people did as recently as the early 20th century. That can't be sustained. It'll be sad to lose Bix Beiderbecke recordings, and all the rest, but that can't be prevented. Sorry.
Joe and his friends in 2136 won't be able to listen to CDs, because the CDs will have broken down by then -- the plastic they're made of has a sharply limited lifespan -- and the likelihood of finding an intact, functioning CD player in 2136 won't be good anyway. Even if they do, that's a short-term fix, because they can't replace the components if the player breaks. It's the same story as the refrigerator; a salvage economy is necessarily self-limiting. This is another thing I plan on discussing in more detail in a later post.
Tom, thank you for another very detailed and useful post! I think it's quite possible that radio communication will be sustainable over the long term, on the sort of Morse-code basis you suggest; the very modest amount of energy and resources needed to make, maintain, and power a longwave radio transmitter and receiver may well put it within reach of a deindustrial society, and the benefits of long-distance communication are obvious. As for the slide rule, I figure that, the abacus, and log tables will likely be the salvation of mathematics, if anybody still remembers how to use the first and last by the time computers drop from use. (The abacus is still very much in use in Asia, so ought to be available.)
As for monasticism, this is definitely preaching to the choir -- pun not intended! Another post that's on the agenda soon is a discussion of the religious implications of peak oil. While the future history of these narratives had Christianity fading out in the deindustrial period, that's mostly a reflection of the precipitous decline already under way in American Protestantism (in 2005, for the first time in the history of the Republic, Protestant Christians were a minority in the US, down from more than 70% thirty years before).
From my outsider's perspective, if there's to be a future for Christianity on this continent, it badly needs to reclaim its old monastic heritage, and become known once again for humble, devoted men and women tending gardens in plain robes and sandals, not sprawling million-dollar megachurches whose pastors drive Mercedes. I think religion will be much more obviously relevant in a deindustrial society than it has seemed in the industrial cultures of the recent past, but again, this is something for a full-length post.
Back to work on this week's post!
- Matt Cardin said...
Many thanks for this series. I've enjoyed it immensely -- and, I hope, profited from it, which in the case of narrative fiction generally amounts to the same thing. Over the past couple of years I've returned and read your posts frequently, ever since I was first alerted to your blog's existence by Energy Bulletin. You've always impressed me with your level-headedness, breadth of knowledge, depth of wisdom, and clarity of writing style. Now I'm equally impressed with your flair as a fiction writer. I do hope you pursue more of these kinds of projects in the future, if the muse so leads you.
- Raymond said...
Hello, this is a good story you've written, and all the posts above are quite informative.There is a bit of a peeve I have.
Your stabilization of global sealevel at 250 feet doesn't take into effect continental rebound from both greenland or antarctica.
It's been estimated that as much as 100 feet of sea level rise in the last glacial waning was due to compressed continental plates rising back up and sloughing off water from their interiors out to sea.Much of greenland and antarctica that is submerged beneath temporary shallow seas will rebound, that extra water will have to go elsewhere as far as I know.
Your sea level estimates might well be dozens if not as much as a hundred feet lower than what actually settles in.


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WISH former San Francisco-Marin-Sonoma state Sen. John Burton well in his race for the state Board of Equalization. Wait, you say, you didn't know Burton was aiming to beat out his ally Democratic Assemblymember Fiona Ma for the well-paid-virtually- no-work job.
Either Burton is running against Ma, which is hard to believe, or he has created a perfectly legal device around the spirit of campaign spending laws. As long as Burton formally declares he's engaged in an active campaign for public office he can keep transferring surplus funds from his old state Senate account to new campaigns until it's all gone.
Burton left the senate with $219,000 squirreled away. He then moved those banked contributions to his campaign account for a purported run for state Superintendent of Public Instruction in 2010. Needless to say, he never actually ran for that office.
After that move, the remaining money was transferred to "Burton for State Board of Equalization 2014." Don't hold your breath waiting for the 80-year-old Burton to make that campaign, since he's already endorsed Ma, his theoretical opponent.
While some of the cash has gone to charities such as Cedars Sinai Cancer Center and Legal Services for Prisoners with Children, most of his fund went to local-level Democrats or state party-related efforts.
Marin Supervisor Judy Arnold, a former Burton aide, has been a beneficiary since 2009. She's collected $25,500 from Burton's various committees.
The only other North Bay recipient of Burton's largess was Sausalito's Joan Lisetor. She received $500 for her unsuccessful 2011 campaign for Marin's Community College Board. More than $130,000 remains in Burton's account for future endeavors.
IN LAST WEEK'S Notebook discussing teacher pay I stated that California classroom teachers have lifetime health care benefits. A reader doubted that, prompting my call to the California Teachers Association. The statewide union indicates that lifetime health care is provided by some, but certainly not all, school districts since "it depends on what you bargain for."
As in the private sector, many of Marin's more frugal districts have not agreed to post-retirement health insurance coverage.
This puts teachers in a similar position as most Marinites, who work in the private sector. Local classroom teachers look at their municipal, county and state public-sector counterparts and are understandably frustrated that they got the short end of the health care stick.
Retired California teachers generally do get paid health care until they qualify for Medicare. Then, depending on the school district, their so-called "medigap" insurance may be paid for by their employer.
In many cases, dependent coverage is paid for by the district only until retirees qualify for Medicare. Some districts bargain a fixed dollar amount per month, which may pay for the employee only, the employee plus one person or the employee and their family.
STATISTICS MAVENS will be interested to learn where the Golden Gate Bridge's auto traffic originates.
Of the 20 million annual southbound trips, Marin-based vehicles comes in first with 38.8 percent of crossings. San Francisco is second at 23.3 percent, Sonoma third with 10.8 percent and San Mateo County surprisingly isn't far behind at 6.6 percent.
Twenty percent of autos are from the remaining parts of California with about half of those from other Bay Area counties. Only 3 percent of bridge trips originate out-of-state.
These statistics arise as the bridge district retires its remaining 14 remaining toll talkers in a month and segues to a money-saving, all-electronic toll collection system.
The numbers of out-of-Bay Area motorists are relevant as they are those most likely to receive license plate-based requests asking them to pay the non-discounted $6 toll by mail or online.
Columnist Dick Spotswood of Mill Valley now shares his views on local politics twice weekly in the IJ. His email address is email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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thanks so much for the tips, very helpful
Welcome to the Quilting Board!
thanks so much for the tips, very helpful
I've been using the washable glue on bindings for years. I love the NO pins factor. Also have used it when matching a print, before sewing the joining seam. It holds everything in place so the print matches exactly.
Thank you so much for the tute and thanks to everyone who asked and answered questions and gave additional comments. I am definitely going to try this on my next runner and then work up to full size and larger quilts!
I'm thinking it wouldn't work to mix up diluted glue and put in a spray bottle, if you are planning on saving the extra. The glue would dry shut in the nozzle and trying to clear that would be a pain or impossible.
I"m printing this and putting it by my machine. Then I'm going to keep following this thread to learn more...
This is as radical to piecing as a rotary cutter was to scissors.
Many thanks.
Mountain Woman
Thanks for the info...been using Elmer's School Glue for a few years on binding that I also learned here on the Quilting Board - here is a link to the first of YouTube series of three how to videos ... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PE0Yq9iGlc
Thanks for such a great tute.
Great tutorial! Thanks for all the info. I am going to give it a try.
Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound, that saved a wretch like me. I once was lost but now am found, was blind, but now I see. [John Newton (1725-1807)]


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Road crews focus on salting back-roads after icy mess
WASHINGTON COUNTY, Va. - It's been a rough 24-hours for crews clearing ice, snow, and slick spots in our region after Friday's conditions. While the roads are better Saturday, VDOT crews are still out there salting.
Traffic is back to normal on Interstate 81, but there are still a few traces from Friday's icy mess. "Salt doesn't really have any affect on it because the ground is so cold," said Randy Felty with Virginia Department of Transportation.
To solve this problem, crews with VDOT have been mixing salt with rocks to give drivers more traction. News 5 learned road crews have used about 900-tons of salt mix in the last 24-hours and they're still working 12-hour shifts. "Sending motor graters to take ice off, and especially in shady spots and a lot of hills," added Felty.
To see just how bad some of the roads are still, News 5 rode along with driver Mitchell Reedy. He says back-roads are the worst right now and that's why crews will spend the weekend getting rid of icy conditions. But there is some help from mother nature, "The sun will probably melt the snow and ice quicker than salt will."
We learned the sun reactivates the salt and chloride materials, it also heats up the stone to help ice melt. Even thought he roads are getting clear, road crews warn there may still be slick spots and patches of black ice. "Just slow down, be thinking what if that's slick," added Felty.
News 5 checked with the Tennessee Department of Transportation and learned road crews are on stand-by this weekend in case they are needed.
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Windows Phone Central's Roundup of Sleep Apps
Just as we put our Windows Phone on the charger to re-charge its batteries, getting a good night's sleep is our way to re-charge. This week for Fitness Month we focused on sleep applications and accessories that can help with relaxation and get a productive rest.
So it's fitting for our weekly roundup to feature a collection of sleep and relaxation apps. We have a few sound generators to calm your spirits, a sleep calculator and an alarm clock to make sure we don't over due things.
There's a lot of similarity amongst these apps and if we've missed your favorite sleep or relaxation app, feel free to share in the comments.


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In our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, or the PICU, Nemours' critical care medicine experts evaluate and treat the most critically ill children, those in need of advanced life support and continuous monitoring in the hospital. Our team is capable of treating an emergency situation on a moment's notice — 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. We're there when your child needs us the most.
Conditions that might require admission to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit:
- acute and chronic respiratory failure
- airway obstruction
- sepsis and septic shock
- circulatory shock
- acute renal (kidney) failure
- liver failure
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- severe electrolyte abnormalities
- heart rhythm problems
- neuromuscular disease
- blood- and cancer-related complications
- solid organ or bone marrow transplant support
- neurological problems
- severe poisoning
- trauma
Nemours intensivists, who are doctors who specialize in providing care in the intensive care unit, are skilled in a full range of life-supporting techniques, including:
- mechanical ventilation therapies for children who can't breathe on
their own
- all forms of dialysis and blood filtration processes
- advanced programs including pain management, sedation, and medication withdrawal
- all types of noninvasive and invasive monitoring systems
FloridaHospitalSpecialty Care
Clinic Location: 3rd Floor
For Information: (407) 567-4000
- photo ID
- medical and pharmacy insurance cards
- preferred pharmacy name and phone number
- names and dosage of all medications, including over-the-counter medication, your child is currently taking
- guardianship and custody papers, if a legal guardian rather than a parent accompanies your child
Resources for Patients & Families
- Insurance We Accept: See accepted insurance, listed by location.
- Pay Your Bill: Use online bill pay or send by mail.
- Financial Assistance: Get help with your child's health care expenses.
- MyNemours: Access your child's medical record online.
At Nemours Children's Hospital in Orlando, FL, our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) provides diagnosis, treatment, advanced life support, and monitoring for critically ill children with diverse medical and surgical problems.
What You Can Expect at the PICU
Our team consists of specially trained physicians, registered nurses, pharmacists, registered dietitians, social workers, Child Life specialists, pastoral care teams, and respiratory care staff. Together, we're able to provide state-of-the-art care in a family-centered intensive care unit that meets your family's physical, psychological, emotional, and social needs.
With a promise to treat your child like one of our own, Nemours experts from any number of relevant subspecialties are available to help with your child's condition.
Extensive consultation is available with:
- interventional radiology
- pulmonology
- rheumatology
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- neurology
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Our intensivists also engage in cooperative academic relationships with the University of Central Florida located nearby within the Lake Nona Medical City.
NCH has employed some of the most advanced technologies available to keep your child safe. We use special security bands and a computer monitoring system so we know where your child is at all times.
What's more, our intensivists, specialists, and nurses use highly-secure medical communication devices, via smart phone text technology, to stay in touch. This means your PICU team is in minute-to-minute contact, continuously updating each other on your child's status and special needs.
Our pediatric intensive care unit is truly a model of family-centered care. It was designed with input from families who know what it's like to have a child in the hospital, so you have everything you need, all in one place.
You can stay with your child in privacy and comfort in one of our 10 large single-patient rooms with sleep accommodations for parents and a spacious bathroom, wireless internet access, and flat-screen TVs.
Other in-room features include:
- full floor-to-ceiling windows for natural light (with sun shades and window blackout shades)
- interactive television for patient education, communication, meal orders, room service, music, and digital artwork
- connections for DVD players and game systems
- LED lighting controls for patients to "paint" the room with color
- refrigerator for family meals and snacks
- mobile desk/dining table for in-room family dining and working
- wardrobe storage for personal items and hotel-style safe
We offer a number of double rooms for families with twins or siblings with multiple conditions, so everyone can stay together when it matters most.
Along with expert intensivist and nursing care, we've created a lovely "hospital within a garden" environment that provides healing of body, mind, and spirit. With beautiful green lawns and mature trees, there are many places for you and your family to go for restful rejuvenation and respite, including our one-acre interactive sensory discovery garden or one of the rooftop gardens on the second and fourth floors.
We have many more comforts and amenities, like:
- complimentary valet and parking
- kid-friendly commons areas for siblings
- café & coffee shop
- non-denominational chapel
- concierge services
No matter how long your child's stay, please know that we'll help make your family's experience as easy and stress-free as possible.
If your child has a complex or chronic condition we encourage you to take advantage of KidsTRACK, a unique service of Nemours Children's Hospital. Located on the first floor of our hospital, KidsTRACK is designed to help families by providing expert assistance and information on all aspects of your child's care, even before you leave our hospital or clinic.
A KidsTRACK care coordinator is available during every step of diagnosis, treatment and healing — helping your family make a smooth transition from Nemours Children's Hospital to home. Your coordinator works alongside the nursing/case managers in our subspecialty areas and acts as a single point of contact connecting you to medical and community resources.
Simply ask your physician for a referral to KidsTRACK
or call (407) 650-7715.


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Backus seeks new clerk/treasurer
The Backus City Council called an emergency meeting on June 20 in order to expidite the process of filling a position to be vacated by City Clerk/Treasurer Jeff Turk.
Unavailable to attend the meeting were council members Ann Birge and Richie Bean. Turk submitted his resignation at the meeting and it passed unanimously.
"I would like to say that Jeff has done an awful lot for the city, bringing the city up to date on certain things..." said council member Steve Braker. "I just want to thank you for the job you've done."
Council member Rae Borst also gave Turk her thanks.
Turk said he had been hired for a position as the city clerk/treasurer of Deerwood. He said his new position is only three miles from his home, a factor that convinced him to apply for the position.
Turk's resignation is effective July 5, though he requested that the council allow him to stay on for two pay periods in order to assist in selecting and training a new clerk/treasurer. He said he had already made arrangements in Deerwood so that he could help Backus during this time of transition.
"My goal is not to hire somebody so I can get out of here. My goal is to hire somebody so we can start training," Turk said.
The city then formed a hiring committee consisting of Turk, Borst, Mayor Kurt Sawyer and Backus city water/sewer operator Lee Bundy. They also approved listing the open position with the League of Minnesota Cities, Pine River Journal, Pine Cone Press-Citizen, Walker Pilot Independent, and the Echoland - Piper Shopper.
Turk made reccomendations for the job posting and compensation. He suggested the city offer pay according to qualifications, but also suggested that the job listing not require a bachelor's degree, and that the city should require applicants to be willing to become a certified city clerk if they receive the job.
Turk suggested that the city should offer an increased insurance plan, and possibly higher pay in order to increase the likelyhood that the next clerk/treasurer they hire will stay with the city for an extended period of time.
Turk's resignation letter read, "Backus is a great city with great people, and I wish it much future prosperity."


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February 19, 2013:
View Crowd Calendar
This day is in the past.
Showtimes for Tuesday, February 19, 2013
Here are the parade and fireworks showtimes for Disneyland. Click through to see the full show schedules.
Mickey's Soundsational Parade
One showing at 7:00pm
...view full Disneyland show schedule
Disney California Adventure
Pixar Play Parade » Parade with Pixar Characters
One showing at 5:15pmWorld of Color » Fountain show with special effects
One showing at 9:15pm
...view full Disney California Adventure show schedule
Note: Showtimes are updated nightly via disneyland.com and our own sources -- but schedules may change at any time.
to get the Crowd Levels!
|No Blockouts.
Inaccurate/stale schedule?
Let us know.


text:
Napoleon® Chair
- Overview
Our signature Napoleon® Chair is crafted using centuries-old finishing techniques. Skilled artisans craft each from solid hardwood, sanding and staining the frame by hand before weaving on a natural rush seat.
- Made of kiln-dried solid rubberwood.
- Solidly constructed using mortise-and-tenon joinery and corner blocks for exceptional stability
- Natural rush seat is woven onto the frame.
- Finished by hand using an exclusive layering technique that results in beautiful depth of color, then sealed with a protective lacquer.
- Finish features light distressing around the edges.
- Side chair is sized for use with our small PB Classic Dining Cushion.
- 20.5" wide x 20" deep x 37" high
- Dimensions & Care
- Overall: 20.5" wide x 20" deep x 37" high
- Seat: 16" wide (front), 14" w (back) x 17.5" deep
- Backrest: 20" high
- Seat Height: 17.5"
- Distance Between Legs: 14.5" side to side; 11.5" front to back
- Maximum Weight Capacity: 300 pounds
- Weight: 25 pounds
- Dust often using a soft, dry cloth.
- Wipe up spills immediately.
- To protect the finish, do not apply abrasives or household cleaners.
- Shipping & Return Info
UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 4-5 business days.
Next Day Delivery and Processing
We can arrange for next day delivery to most destinations within the contiguous 48 states, for an extra charge of $17.50 per address. If we receive your order by 6pm PT Monday through Friday, you'll receive your order the next business day; orders placed on Friday after 6pm PT through Sunday will arrive on Tuesday. Note: Next Day Delivery service is not available for some oversized items, White Glove Delivery, out of stock items, personalized items or for items shipped directly from the manufacturer.
Select oversized items have an additional delivery and processing surcharge; this charge is listed below the item price.
View the complete Shipping and Delivery Information page.
We take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of each and every Pottery Barn product and we hope you love your purchase. If for any reason you do not, you have 30 days – or 7 days for all Quick Ship upholstery items – to return your purchase for a full refund or exchange. You can return most non-furniture items to your local Pottery Barn store – FREE.
Delivery fees are non-refundable and prior purchases are not eligible for a price adjustment. The following items are non-eligible for returns or exchanges:
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Questions? See our full Returns Policy.
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CPS names new elementary school
COLUMBIA, Mo. - The Columbia Public School District board of education named the new elementary school being built in northeast Columbia Monday night.
The school will be called Eliot Battle Elementary School, after Eliot Battle.
It is being built just north of Muriel Battle High School, named after his wife.
The board also discussed the Business Loop 70 Community Improvement District (CID).
Tom May from MFA Oil headed the conversation saying, "We desperately need to do something to the Business Loop."
The board is hoping to make it safer for Hickman High School and to develop it into a destination location for businesses.
The CID would make improvements to the Business Loop like burying power lines, adding sidewalks and lights, and bringing off-duty police officers to patrol the area.
This would mean the business owners on the Loop would have to pay more in property taxes -- but May said it will be less than $1,000 per year per business.
The board also talked about the five year plan.
It still plans on opening the nature school and two new elementary schools within the next five years.


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What was it like to learn maths at school in the Victorian period?
We visited the British Schools Museum in Hitchin to find out.
Noticing the regular movement of the Sun and the stars has led to a desire to measure time. This article for teachers and learners looks at the history of man's need to measure things.
This is the first of a two part series of articles on the history
of Algebra from about 2000 BCE to about 1000 CE.
Published November 2008,February 2011.
Adrien-Marie Legendre (1752-1833) spent many years working on the parallel postulate and his efforts appear in different editions of his Éléments de Géométrie. Legendre proved that the fifth postulate is equivalent to the statement that the sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to two right angles . Legendre also obtained a number of consistent but counter-intuitive results in his investigations, but was unable to bring these ideas together into a consistent system.
Michele Emmer, (1993) The Visual Mind; Art and Mathematics MIT Press
J.L. Heilbron, (1998) Geometry Civilised; History, Culture and Technique . Clarendon Press, Oxford.
AND a book to look out for:
Eleanor Robson and Jackie Stedall (Editors) (December 2008), The Oxford Handbook of the History of Mathematics . Oxford University Press


text: Got this bike a couple of months ago off ebay like this: Lowrider Project by llwilliamsuk, on Flickr Sourced a afew parts, gave it a re-spray and and a clean up and my first project was complete!!!! Complete low rider by llwilliamsuk, on Flickr I've now got the bug and have been inspired by the bikes I've seen on the site and will be looking for the next one soon!!!


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Boutique beers on tap and brawny red wines set Don Kavanagh's taste buds a-tingle.
Winter is here at last! Let flags be unfurled and caps flung in the air.
That's perhaps a bit over the top, but after such a depressingly bad summer, it's nice to think that we are heading into a season that promises nothing at all, so any good days we get are bonuses.
The clock going back also means that it's time for winter drinks, something I try to avoid during summer, but after the one we've just had, who could blame me for dipping into the port, whisky and porter a bit early?
The best news I've heard recently is that Nelson's Sprig and Fern is opening a bar in Auckland. It's not that there aren't enough bars here already, it just means I can get my hands on their truly gorgeous Scotch Ale whenever I like, without having to venture out of town.
I tried a range of Sprig and Fern beers recently in Nelson and I couldn't find one that wasn't well made, well balanced and eminently drinkable, so news they are bringing up to 22 craft beers to taps in Auckland has certainly made the week much sunnier.
The advent of winter also means I can return to drinking big red wines, something I've missed over summer. Heavy reds in warm, wet weather do little for me, so, as the temperatures drop, so will my stocks of syrah and cabernet.
I was lucky enough to get a taste of the Penfolds Bin range a few weeks back and for all the furore in the media over pricing, they are still bankers in a bottle - rich, powerful and Australian, and they offer some really exciting winter drinking.
Winter also means I'll finally be able to open that bottle of rather expensive whisky someone gave me as a gift recently, although I should really keep that a secret, otherwise I'll have "friends" beating a path to my door, dropping in "as we were passing" and eyeing my drinks cabinet with a hungry look.
But it won't all be brown spirits, red wine and black beer. Just in time for winter, Absolut has launched a new flavour on the vodka market - Absolut Wild Tea.
I don't normally go overboard for vodka, but this is seriously classy stuff, made to be sipped over ice or with a splash of good tonic.
Whatever you do, don't add milk and sugar.


text: DUB Dirty Dog II Chrome Wheels. Two-piece style. Used. Set of four (4). 24"x10" w/6x5.5" (139.7mm) bolt pattern. These wheels are in very nice condition. Only three (3) tires (305/35-R24), all in reasonable condition. I can remove the tires if needed. I have no value to the tires, only the wheels. These came off a Cadillac Escalade. $700 plus shipping. Fits: Cadillac Escalade, EXT, ESV – 1998 to Present Tahoe, Yukon, Denali Full Size 4x4 – 1992 to Present Tahoe, Yukon 2x4 – 2000 to Present Avalanche – 2002 to Present Pickup ½ Ton 4x4 – 1988 to 1998 Pickup ½ Ton 2x4 – 1999 to Present Bolt Pattern - 6 x 5.5" (139.7mm) Stud – 14mm x 1.5 Center Bore – 78.3mm


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I went back and read some of the threads in 2003 when Dee was posting here. One of the main topics of discussion at that time was "regression." How does a beekeeper, currently treating on LC, move to a SC treatment free program? Even before this forum was here, I ran another email list called BioBee, for a few years. This was an off shoot from Bee-L, where those of us interested in discussing the Lusby's methodology could do so in much greater detail. Even then, it was obvious that this was an area of great tension, dealing with regression. Dee was pro regress and let the chips fall where they may, while other's felt there was a place for soft treatments while one was fading out LC and switching to SC through the regression process. In the end, Dee drew a hard line and decided to start her own group where she could set the discussion rules. So be it.
Today there doesn't seem to be much discussion about regression. Not like it use to anyway. I guess with available use of some small celled plastic foundation, some of the hair-pulling work of shakedowns in regression can be avoided.


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Honors Option Projects
Interested in completing an Honors Option project? Make sure to complete and submit this form by the 2nd week of the semester!
Check out some of the cool Honors Option Projects our Honors students have completed this year!
Brandy Riekert wrote a paper about the Beat Generation writers and created a YouTube video to share with her ENGL2132 class!
Brandy also did service work at the Tellus Science Museum for COMM1100-Human Communication. She talked to visitors about the Tellus Solar House and even wrote a speech about it!
Liv Hood observed things Overheard at GHC this summer at the Paulding and Cartersville campuses for COMM1100-Human Communication, and blogged about it. Check it out here!


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For about a year I kept a single bee hive going strong in my yard. Then my landlord's hired man whitewashed my hive box, and a few days later, the colony left. I couldn't afford to replace the bees, so I smoked and cleaned the box, then put the empty hive back where it was.
Today, nearly five months later, I noticed that a colony -- or at least a good number -- of bees have moved in to my hive box! I was delighted.
My question: What can I do to keep these bees happy? Should I be feeding them something?
I should add that I live in an area of Africa where there aren't beekeeping supplies available. I do have a reasonably nice modern hive that I bought from someone, but I can't buy all sorts of fancy add-ons or specialized equipment.
-Bee Happy


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Woonsocket is a long way from Death Valley, but these days the locals have good reason to feel simpatico with that lonesome cinema cowpoke. The city's North End has become a seasonal home to several hundred turkey vultures and black vultures, creatures rarely seen in New England until recent decades.
From November until mid-April, the winged scavengers roost on rooftops, nosh on dead skunks, and bomb cars with super-sized droppings. When spring arrives they disperse to mate and build nests in woods all over New England, only to return again as winter approaches. Now, however, there's talk of making this year's impending goodbye permanent. In the North End, one of the sagging mill city's few upscale neighborhoods, residents are preparing to ask federal authorities to end the infestation, and by any means necessary.
"The key to this will be finding out where they go at night, and destroying them while they sleep," says Bob Bouchard, who can often count a dozen winged scavengers atop his quaint colonial on Winter Court. "A few years ago seeing a vulture near your house was a novelty, but their numbers have exploded. It's a public health issue — they're leaving stuff in ball fields and schoolyards, places where kids play."
Getting rid of the feathered ghouls won't be easy. The federal government has labeled both turkey vultures and black vultures protected species, and harming the birds can mean stiff penalties, regardless of how disgusting they are. Back in the '90s the feds slapped Florida's Disney World with a $95,000 fine after employees allegedly killed vultures that swarmed a pirate attraction known as Discovery Island. Eventually the theme park's staff gave up and made Discovery Island a no-go zone.
Peggy Labonte, of the US Division of Fish and Wildlife's regional office in Hadley, Massachusetts, says Woonsocket residents — or the city — could apply for what is called a "depredation permit," but full-scale extermination of the birds is out of the question. "A permit does not give someone carte blanche to kill as many as they like," she says. "You can shoot one and hang it in effigy. That will usually scare the others away. But as soon as that carcass decomposes and you bury it, they come back. You have to keep up the hazing and harassment."
A vulture baby boom is apparently underway, because Labonte says permit requests are on the rise all over the Northeast. What's more, she empathizes with those who see their rising population as a Hitchcockian plague.
"Vultures are nasty," she says. "A poor cow will be having a baby, and they'll be going after the calf before it's halfway born. We heard from one woman who said they tore a new roof off her house. They just ripped at the shingles. When they loaf around with nothing to do, they destroy things."
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4 employees charged for stealing from Walmart
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. - Four people are charged for stealing from their work.
Police say the employees had been stealing items from the Walmart on E. Platte. Ave. for several months. They were selling and pawning the items.
Larry Smith, 20, Justin Lott, 25, and Cedric Kelly, 20, are charged with Felony Theft, Conspiracy and False Information to Pawn Broker.
Joe Riding, 20, faces a Misdemeanor Theft charge.
Police are still investigating the thefts.


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Cream Home Accessories
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Product list
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A home should be warm and welcoming, and that's the atmosphere you'll create when you choose from our fantastic home accessories collection. We have everything from candles and ornaments, to wall art and vases, so whatever your style, you'll find just the right pieces to add your own personal stamp. Make your home a fragrant haven with gorgeous reed diffusers or our scented jar candles, and bring walls to life with our super selection of scenes and themes – don't forget the odd ornament or two. Subtle lighting will add the finishing touch, and we've got that covered, too.


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Fire crews warn of space heater dangers as temps drop
Jefferson City Fire Dept. avergaes 4-5 space heater fires early in the season
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. - As temperatures drop well below freezing this week, Jefferson City fire crews prepared for a seasonal fire problem.
"Space heater fires, we usually have four to five here right away, we're afraid," said Capt. Tim Young of JCFD. "They're a very common thing as soon as the weather turns cold."
Young demonstrated for ABC 17 News how space heater fires start and how quickly they spread.
Using a bed sheet and a standard, newer model space heater, a fire started on a fire training bed apparatus within about 25 minutes. Less than one minute later, the entire bed was engulfed.
"When it finally got hot enough to ignite, it started giving off a little bit of smoke and it didn't take long for those puffs of flame to show," he said. "That's typically how these things start."
Unlike other fire dangers, Young said space heaters catch people off guard because of how long it takes for a fire to start and because those fires are often coupled with carbon monoxide poisoning.
Anything flammable, like bedding or carpet, should be kept about three feet away from the space heater when it is on.
"The bedding becomes the fuel at that point and it will break down slowly," Young said. "It doesn't just immediately ignite, it takes a while to get that ignition temperature up."
JCFD had not responded to any heating related fires late Monday night, but expected to start getting calls for space heater and flue fires.
Flue fires are more common in the Capital City because many homeowners fail to have chimneys cleaned before the first fire of the season. Young said the creosote that builds up in the chimney from the winter before dries out over the summer and is ripe for ignition.
Young also cautioned against older model space heaters because of exposed heating coils. Newer models often come with protective cases on them and internal thermometers to regulate heat.


text: It's a mesh steel screen but heavy duty, it mounts in the bed of the truck and covers the window so nothing will slam into it. I saw an awesome one today with bars that also went along the top of the bed rails, but I can't figure out what these things are called. Anyone know?


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"Self-Directed Leadership" topic of WBO Roundtable
BINGHAMTON, NY -- The Women Business Owners will discuss "Self-Directed Leadership" at the Binghamton University Small Business Development Center's roundtable from 7:30 to 9:30 a.m. Wednesday, April 28, at the Binghamton Regency on Water Street in downtown Binghamton.
Diane Lange, founder of Proclivity, LL, is a leadership coach and organizational consultant who specializes in building business relationships, performance management and change management. Participants will learn how self-directed leadership is intended to develop leadership behaviors and actions among members of an organization. Attendees will also learn how to develop leadership behaviors and attitudes.
Diane has over 10 years of experience in organizational development working within a wide range of industries. She is currently a doctoral student in education, organizational leadership and communication at Northeastern University.
The roundtable costs $10 per person, payable at the door and includes a full breakfast. Attendees are encouraged to bring business cards and brochures to share. Advance registration is required. Call Binghamton University's Small Business Development Center at (607) 777-4024 or e-mail email@example.com to register.


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Jon Bergmann:
Just how small is an atom?
Just how small are atoms? Really, really, really small. This fast-paced animation from TED-Ed uses metaphors (imagine a blueberry the size of a football stadium!) to give a visceral sense of just how small atoms are. Lesson by Jon Bergmann, animation by Cognitive Media.
This talk was presented at an official TED conference, and was featured by our editors on the home page.
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Home » Song » KERMAN, DAVE : Abandonship
KERMAN, DAVE : Abandonship
Dave plays all instruments (drums, of course, bass, guitars, keyboards and who knows what else) Thinking Plague's Deborah Perry sings. Full band material, well arranged with Kerman's trademark angular melodies, oblique texts and a curious tribute to Present (track 3). Mostly instrumental.
Code: Rune158
Price: £14.50


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Last Modified: Monday, October 08, 2012 12:30 PM
BATON ROUGE (AP) — Baton Rouge detectives are investigating a fatal shooting.
Police were called to an apartment complex just after midnight Monday to investigate shots being fired.
When police arrived, they found 45-year-old Clement Legea lying on the side walk.
In a news release, police say Legea had gunshot wounds to his upper body.
Col. Don Kelly says they have no suspects in the shooting, but it appears to be drug related.


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You missed it This great deal for MiiR is over. But don't despair, we've got more great deals every day.
$20 to Spend on Water Bottles
81% recommendedin LivingSocial customer ratings
You're all for reducing, reusing, and recycling -- except when it comes to your personal style. Tap into today's deal for an eco-friendly way to stay original: $10 for $20 to spend on water bottles from MiiR. Through its giving program, one4one, this company partners with One Day's Wages to provide one person with clean drinking water for an entire year when you purchase just one bottle. These 18/8 stainless steel, BPA-free bottles have a streamlined design with optimal openings for spill-free sipping. Each 400, 600, or 800 ml container fits snugly in cup holders and comes with a wedge or wingnut lid that perfectly seals with one turn. Design your dream canteen's bottle and lid in a variety of colors to suit your taste, like blue, fuchsia, gray, or green -- the color this deal lets us all enjoy more of.
Want more? Visit MiiR on Facebook.
PAID VALUE EXPIRES ON May 30, 2022
PROMOTIONAL VALUE EXPIRES ON August 26, 2012


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THE GRATEFUL DEAD'S Jerry Garcia once called Steve Kimock his favorite unknown guitarist. So it was only fitting that after Garcia's death in 1995, the Dead turned to Kimock as the great Garcia's heir apparent.
The surviving members drafted him to fill the lead guitar chair in the post-Grateful Dead bands the Other Ones, Phil Lesh & Friends, Bob Weir's Ratdog and the Rhythm Devils, featuring Dead drummers' Mickey Hart and Bill Kreutzmann.
With those major touring bands, Kimock went from playing clubs and small halls to performing for tens of thousands in cavernous sports stadiums and arenas.
For a thoughtful, creative musician that Relix magazine dubbed "the Guitar Monk," it was like going from the monastery into the maelstrom.
"Working with those guys was a valuable experience," he says from his home in Pennsylvania, then adds with a chuckle, "I'm grateful I was offered that opportunity. It was nothing if not educational."
Not that it was entirely unexpected. Kimock once asked Garcia how his intricate, almost chamber music-like guitar work fared in stadiums of roaring Deadheads.
Rather than venture an answer, Garcia invited him to sit onstage behind his amplifier when the Grateful Dead played at Madison Square Garden in New York.
"The lights came up and the people went nuts," he recalls. "In that moment, there was this focus of energy on the stage from the crowd that, I swear to God, was going to stop my heart it was so powerful.
"And then the music started and the sound that came out of the speaker was the loudest, most God awful noise I'd ever heard in my entire life," he says, laughing. "It made no sense to me."
With his current quartet, the erstwhile Marin guitar hero performs on Sunday night in the Session Room at the Hopmonk Tavern in Novato. It's the kind of small, intimate setting he prefers.
"Beyond a certain size there's no way to have everyone's attention without giant production values," he remarks. "Having a smaller space rewards the audience with a good listening experience."
Before he moved back to his native Pennsylvania a decade ago, Kimock had made a name for himself as a co-founder of Zero, an improvisational jazz-rock group that also featured the late Quicksilver Messenger Service guitarist John Cipollina, No. 32 in Rolling Stone magazine's 2003 list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time.
He'll reunite with some of his surviving Zero bandmates on April 6 at the Sebastopol Community Center, a benefit concert for the Seva Foundation.
Kimock had originally moved to Marin with fellow Pennsylvanians the Goodman Brothers in the mid-'70s, at the tail end of the hippie migration to the county. He knew he'd come to the promised land when, unbeknownst to him, he'd rented a pad in San Rafael that just happened to be next door to Ali Akbar Khan's college of North Indian classical music.
"I woke up on my first day and heard this music from students playing outside on a beautiful summer morning in California," he recalls. "I couldn't believe what I was hearing. It was one of universe's enduring jokes on me."
Kimock took some classes at the school and tried his hand at the sarod, the guitar-like stringed instrument that Khan played better than anyone on Earth. But he realized that he would need another lifetime to master it, and he concluded that he would be better served to concentrate on the guitar. But Khan's influence can still be heard in his cerebral guitar work on electric, acoustic, lap and pedal steel guitars.
In Pennsylvania, Kimock is in close proximity to his son, drummer John Morgan Kimock, who practically grew up onstage with his dad, and other members of his family. He lives in an old farmhouse about 10 miles from where he was born. The spread has a barn large enough for his collection of guitars and for a small, computer-based recording studio.
He's also able to rehearse there with his current quartet — keyboardist Bernie Worrell, a founding member of Parliament-Funkadelic; drummer Wally Ingram, who has toured and recorded with multi-instrumentalist David Lindley; and bassist Andy Hess, formerly of Gov't Mule and the Black Crowes.
They will arrive in the Bay Area this week fresh from concerts in Tokyo, Osaka and Yokohama, Japan. Weir grabbed him for a special guest appearance on his "Weir Here" webcast on March 27 at TRI Studios in San Rafael. With his full band, he plays the Hopmonk Tavern in Novato on March 31.
Asked to describe the style of music the group is exploring these days, he responds in his usual deliberate, almost professorial, manner.
"A little bit of everything applicable to the musical chemistry involved," he says. "Bernie handles most of the vocals and Wally and I have common history with David Lindley's music — a whole rock and reggae and good-humored influence that we both gravitate to."
A serious student of the guitar, Kimock is known for performing while leaning on a tall stool near the back of the stage, out of the limelight. But, with maturity, he seems to have loosened up some, even singing a song or two, something he never did with any of his previous bands.
"I'll occasionally get pushed into doing do a novelty tune," he confesses, laughing. "I don't do it too often. But my arm can be twisted."
Contact Paul Liberatore via email at firstname.lastname@example.com; follow him on Twitter at http://twitter.com/LibLarge. Follow his blog at http://blogs.marinij.com/ad_lib.
if you go
What: Steve Kimock with Bernie Worrell, Wally Ingram and Andy Hess
Where: Hopmonk Tavern, 224 Vintage Way, Novato
When: 9 p.m. March 31
Admission: $30
Information: www.hopmonk.com/novato/


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|Data Dictionary:
|Census 1860
you are here: choose a survey survey data set table details
Survey: Census 1860
|Data Source:
|Digitally transcribed by Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. Edited, verified by Michael Haines. Compiled, edited and verified by Social Explorer.
Data set: Social Explorer Dataset (SE)
|T25. Sex By Age (Slave Population) [33]
Universe: Slave Population
Table Details
|Sex By Age (Slave Population)
|Universe: Slave Population


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I always assumed that Omaha meant hurry. As in hurry up the play clock is almost gone. Never thought it could mean anything else but hurry. Interesting!
Oh the other item directed to the OP. I've watched this team consistently be late with the snap; get delay penalties; eli signaling for the sideline to give him the play> That was going on last Sunday. Eli has to wait. He waits for Mr. Offensive coordinator to get his job done. Just one more way that this team shoots itself in the foot constantly. It never fails to amaze me that the Giants always do things the hard way and a way that never takes advantage of opportunities that appear. Just love to beat your head against the wall, over and over and over again. Jeez
That's why if Eli has the reigns we would be in better shape. No more waiting for OC to complicate the scheme or shotgun draw on obvious occasions and no more clock issues. Plus, it simplifies the offense so everyone is on the same page.
Spin that Webb young Davis
I noticed you have not addressed the point of my post tho, just the 1 aspect of it. Do you not agree with the overall point? The "Omaha" thing was just 1 example of a few in the making of my point.
So...what does Omaha mean again?
Mood: WOOF!
if eli uses the omaha omaha as the clocks about to run down to signal to the OL the next cadence is the snap cadence, then, omaha is used to do both simply because the clocks running down. he's stating omaha omaha bc the play clocks running down, and he's signaling to the OL as u say YA what the snap cadence is going to be (after the last omaha). The OL doesnt look at the game clock thats eli's responsibility, so, it serves both purposes.
if i'm wrong could u pls explain? bc thats the way I see it and I believe i have a solid understanding of it.
i also believe that i know at least 1 play check. "east gogo" or "west gogo" signals screen to the wr who is either east or west...so funny some of the terms used. i saw a poster mention salad as one and yes i remember that as well i believe he used that in sb 46.
Just want to see this:
"You tried your best Kevin, I'll take it from here"
Spin that Webb young Davis
what ever Eli is saying it aint working. Pick some new words already...
maybe that will help the offense...
"Measure Twice......Cut Once"
You couldn't be more full of **** if you were break dancing in a Port-a-Potty.......Kruunch


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Travis County judge consolidates lawsuits pending against City
EL PASO, Texas - Travis County District Court Judge Tim Sulak on Thursday granted the City of El Paso's motion to consolidate two lawsuits pending in El Paso into the City's bond validation lawsuit pending before the Travis County District Court.
The bond validation action seeks to confirm the City's authority to construct the Downtown Ballpark at the site currently occupied by City Hall and to finance the project with the hotel occupancy tax approved by the voters in November.
At Thursday's hearing on the motion to consolidate, Jesus Ochoa Jr, who is a plaintiff in two separate lawsuits challenging the Ballpark project pending in El Paso, appeared to oppose consolidation, according to City officials.
Sulak determined that a suit pending in the 41st District Court in El Paso, in which Ochoa seeks to prevent the City from taking action on the ballpark project, should be consolidated with the City's bond validation lawsuit and resolved on the expedited timeframe permitted by the statute under which the suit was brought by the City.
Sulak also consolidated a lawsuit pending in County Court at Law No. 5 in El Paso, which also seeks to delay the ballpark project.
Sulak did not consolidate Ochoa's lawsuit in County Court at Law No. 6 in El Paso after he determined that the case did not seek an injunction with regards to the actions the City seeks to have validated, according to City officials.
A hearing on the City's bond validation suit is set for Monday, Feb. 4, in the District Court of Travis County.
If the City's request is not resolved on February 4, Sulak will set an expedited schedule to hear any remaining issues according to the accelerated timeframe required by Chapter 1205 of the Texas Government Code, which governs bond validation lawsuits.


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How I Learned How To Stop Worrying and Love Conrad Black
Vac Verikaitis | Posted 09.12.2012 | Canada
Read More: Savoy, Argus Corp, Conrad Black, Ryerson, Canadian Establishment, Prison, Bollinger, Prison Time, Conrad Jail, Dominion, Canada News
For those of us who understand exactly where Conrad Black has been (the big house) we understand. He is, at the end of the day, just a human being, the frailty of ones existence always hanging in the balance no matter how high up the ladder one finds oneself. And now an 11 person advisory council is considering revoking his Order of Canada?


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When you think moms and cars you likely think minivans. There are lots of stories of moms going from their pre-kid car to the minivan that holds the kids, their friends, a dog, a stroller and just about anything they can think to cram inside the thing. What you don't think of when you hear moms and cars is engineers, but the 2013 Chevy Malibu aims to change that perception with their team of mom engineers.
Suzanne Cody, Julie Kleinert, Kara Gordon and Tracy Mack-Askew are a team of mom engineers that worked on the Chevy Malibu, bringing to it not just a professional perspective, but one infused by their lives as moms. Lead acoustic noise engineer Kara Gordon is the mother of two young boys. She's had first-hand experience with a child trying to tell her something while getting on a highway and straining to hear over the road noise. It's frustrating and unsafe trying to drive and figure out if things in the back are okay or if you need to stop.
Continue Reading "The Mom Engineers Behind The 2013 Chevy Malibu" »