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Stay connected with us to get the latest health and fitness news, innovative workouts, healthy recipes and wellness tips.
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Mustard and rosemary complement rich lamb and earthy lentils in this elegant meal. Don't let rack of lamb intimidate you. It is simple to prepare.
Nutrition Profile:
Diabetes Appropriate
Healthy Weight
Heart Healthy
High Fiber
Low Calorie
Low Cholesterol
Low Sat Fat
Low Sodium
Serves 4
Prep Time 40 min
Total Time 40 min.
Step 1
Preheat oven to 450°F.
Step 2
Mix breadcrumbs, 1/2 teaspoon oil, 1/2 teaspoon rosemary, 1/2 teaspoon salt and 1/8 teaspoon pepper in a small bowl.
Step 3
Heat the remaining 1 teaspoon oil in a large ovenproof skillet over medium-high heat. Add lamb, meat-side down, and sear until browned, about 1 1/2 minutes. Turn it over and spread 2 teaspoons mustard over the meat. Sprinkle the breadcrumb mixture over the mustard. Transfer the lamb to the oven and roast until a thermometer inserted in the center registers 140°F for medium-rare, 15 to 20 minutes. Transfer to a plate and tent with foil to keep warm.
Step 4
Return the pan to medium-high heat (be careful: the handle will still be hot). Add shallots, the remaining 1/2 teaspoon rosemary, 1/4 teaspoon salt and 1/8 teaspoon pepper and cook, stirring constantly, until starting to soften, about 1 minute. Stir in lentils, apple, celery, broth (or water), vinegar and the remaining 1 teaspoon mustard; bring to a lively simmer. Cook, stirring occasionally, until the liquid is slightly reduced and the celery and apple are starting to soften, about 4 minutes. Cut the lamb into 8 chops and serve over the lentils.
Featured Workouts
Check out our 12-week fitness plan designed to boost your strength, endurance, muscle definition, energy level and overall health.
Flatten your stomach and build strength in the muscles that provide stability and mobility for the spine, pelvis, ribs and hips.
Focus on pulling, rotating and building strength with workouts created alongside Olympic Gold Medalist Dominique Dawes.
This workout provides a challenging total-body workout that can be done from the comfort of home with no equipment other than bodyweight and space.


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Research news news
The Amazing Spiderman
Professor Chris Buddle says our eight legged friends are an important indicator of the world's ecological health. Charlotte would be pleased.
Charles Taylor wins gold
Internationally renowned McGill philosopher Charles Taylor was awarded the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council's Gold Medal for Achievement in Research, the Council's highest honour, in Ottawa on Thursday night. For more information, please see the SSHRC website.
New website for GIC
The Walter Hitschfeld Geographic Information Centre's new website provides information about GIS data, guides, collections and more.
Alternative Press Index
The Humanities and Social Sciences Library has new databases, including the Alternative Press Index, a subject index to over 250 alternative, radical and left periodicals, newspapers and magazines.
Good Dome Makes Good Neighbours
Not to be confused with those inflatable jumping castles for kiddie parties, the new manure dome on the Macdonald Campus landscape has area residents breathing a bit easier. The hog herd at the Macdonald Farm may be happy pigs but their manure generates quite a smell in the summer months. Now a double-layered, green inflatable dome takes care of the unpleasant odour from the manure tank.
Desmond Morton - On Guard for Us: The State of Canada's Military
Recent reports say Canada is near the bottom of NATO countries in military spending, equipment is outdated and capabilities limited. To find out how well armed our forces really are, we turned to historian and military expert Professor Desmond Morton. He's written several dozen books on this nation's military and social history, labour and industrial relations, and politics. A graduate of Royal Military College who served in the Canadian Army for ten years, he was founding director of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada.
New federal funding for graduate students
Graduate students in the Social Sciences and Humanities received new money from the federal government. Masters students will be funded from this level for the first time.
Sonenberg the science of translation
Nahum Sonenberg's work in translation control mechanisms -- the means by which our genes make proteins -- has taken him in interesting and unexpected directions, from cancer, to obesity to virology.
Chaos in the rain
Shaun Lovejoy is singing a different tune about the rain. The physics professor has shown how those raindrops that keep fallin' on your head do so in a chaotic pattern.
Indirect Costs of Research
Subject/Object: Indirect Costs of Research New rates for McGill University effective July 1, 2011* Based on the recommendations of the McGill University Indirect Costs of Research Task Force, and in consultation with the Research Advisory Council, Deans and the Provost, the Office of the Vice-Principal (Research and International Relations) is making the following changes to the charge ou

subset: commoncrawl


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Notice: On March 31, it was announced that Statalist is moving from an email list to a forum. The old list will shut down on April 23, and its replacement, statalist.org is already up and running.
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AW: Subject: st: How to derive Wooldridge and Orme approaches in xtprobit module ?
"Karabulut, Yigitcan" <email@example.com>
"firstname.lastname@example.com" <email@example.com>
AW: Subject: st: How to derive Wooldridge and Orme approaches in xtprobit module ?
Sun, 21 Mar 2010 20:09:12 +0100
Thank you very much for your interest & very helpful answer, Prof. Jenkins.
Best Regards,
Von: firstname.lastname@example.com [firstname.lastname@example.com] im Auftrag von Stephen P. Jenkins [firstname.lastname@example.com]
Gesendet: Sonntag, 21. März 2010 19:31
An: firstname.lastname@example.com
Betreff: Subject: st: How to derive Wooldridge and Orme approaches in xtprobit module ?
Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2010 13:46:12 +0100
From: "Karabulut, Yigitcan" <email@example.com>
Subject: st: How to derive Wooldridge and Orme approaches in xtprobit module ?
Dear Statlist,
I am trying to estimate a dynamic random effects probit model that has the
following reduced form:
Y_it = beta*x_it + gamma*y_t-1+alpha_i +u_it (
where y_it is a binary variable, alpha_i represents the individual specific
unobserved heterogeneity, u_it is the unobserved error, x_it is a vector of
In order to account for unobserved heterogeneity and initial conditions
problems, I have employed the Heckman approach (Heckman, 1981) using the
program module redprob by Prof. Mark Stewart. However, also as stressed in the
literature (e.g. Arulampan and Steward, 2009 or Capellari and Jenkins, 2008),
the computation of Heckman estimator takes so long (for instance, Capellari
and Jenkins ( 2008) notes that their estimation took about 15 hours).
Since the other two approaches; Orme (1996) and Wooldridge (2002) do also
provide similar results as the Heckman estimator (Arulampan and Steward,
2009), I am willing to employ these approaches since the estimation is less
"expensive" (also as a robustness check).
I read that I can derive the Orme and Wooldridge approaches from the program
module xtprobit, however, I could not figure out how. I was wondering if
anyone knows how to derive these approaches in xtprobit module in Stata?
(1) As the Statalist FAQ states: you are enjoined to provide full bibliographic
references to research that you cite. This is a multidisciplinary list.
[Unfortunately the work of mine you cite is not yet known worldwide! :)) ]
(2) You will also get better assistance if you show the Stata commands that you
have tried in order to implement these estimators. We are not here to do your
research for you.
In both cases, you need your data in long form.
For the Orme estimator, fit the initial condition probit, and then generate the
generalized residual variable using the formula in his paper. Then you enter that
variable as an additional regressor in the -xtprobit- specification.
For the Wooldridge estimator, you need to first compute the longitudinally-averaged
variables for each person (think e.g. -bys personid: egen-), then enter these and
the initial binary outcome values as additional regressors in your -xtprobit-
References (which contain references to the papers by Stewart, and Arulampalam and
Cappellari, L and Jenkins, SP (2008) "The dynamics of social assistance receipt:
measurement and modelling issues, with an application to Britain", prepared under
contract JA0004519, ELS/SPD Division, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development, September 2008, 70 pp. Report released as OECD Social, Employment and
Migration Working Paper 67, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/30/42/41414013.pdf.
Cappellari, L and Jenkins, SP (2009) "The dynamics of social assistance benefit
receipt in Britain", ISER Working Paper 2009-29,
http://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/pubs/workpaps/pdf/2009-29.pdf. In: D. Besharov and K.
Couch (eds.), Measuring Poverty, Income Inequality, and Social Exclusion. Lessons
from Europe. Oxford University Press, 2010, forthcoming.
Orme, Christopher D. (1997). 'The initial conditions problem and two-step
estimation in discrete panel data models', Discussion Paper No. 9633, School of
Social Sciences, University of Manchester. Revised version, June 2001, retitled as:
'Two-Step inference in dynamic non-linear panel data models',
Wooldridge, Jeffery M. (2005), 'Simple solutions to the initial conditions problem
in dynamic, nonlinear panel data models with unobserved heterogeneity', Journal of
Applied Econometrics, 20: 39–54.
Professor Stephen P. Jenkins <email@example.com>
Institute for Social and Economic Research
University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K.
Tel: +44 1206 873374. Fax: +44 1206 873151.
Survival Analysis using Stata:
Downloadable papers and software: http://ideas.repec.org/e/pje7.html
* For searches and help try:
* http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search
* http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq
* http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/
* For searches and help try:
* http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search
* http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq
* http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/


text:
"Holiday, Texas" display at ITC (from top): Typical 1970s home
decorated for the holidays in the Mexican-American section of
San Antonio's Prospect Hill neighborhood, Czech family Christmas
tree and Hanukkah celebration in a Jewish home
ITC presents 'Holiday, Texas' exhibit through Jan. 6
By James Benavides
Public Affairs Specialist
(Dec. 12, 2007)--UTSA's Institute of Texan Cultures presents the "Holiday, Texas" exhibit through Jan. 6, featuring the Mary Jane and Raymond Judd Christmas Book Collection and displays of holiday traditions across cultures. Docents are available to discuss the various holidays.
Collecting for several years, the Judds accumulated signed lithographs, official ornaments, holiday greeting cards, books and other memorabilia from the Johnson through the George W. Bush administrations. A selection of their preserved newspaper clippings from Harper's Weekly dates to the Civil War. Also featured is a rare nativity mural by Czech artist Ferdinand Pribyl dating between 1890 and 1900.
Today's headlines
- La Prensa Foundation is newest member of UTSA Lone Star Society
- UTSA alumna Jordan Kaufmann wins $50K for new stent-graft start-up
- UTSA begins new way-finding sign installation this summer at Main Campus
- USA Today: UTSA long jumper Tyler Williamson rescues three-year-old boy
Article tools
The recent "An Afternoon in Holiday, Texas" weekend event gave children and families the opportunity to learn about holiday and Christmas traditions influenced by a number of cultures. The tannenbaum (Christmas tree) came from Germany, the yule log from Scandanavia, the poinsettia from Mexico and the Christmas card from England.
Other cultures celebrate significant observances during the Christmas season including the Jewish feast of Hanukkah, the African-American tradition of Kwanzaa and this year in December, the Islamic Hajj pilgrimage.
"An Afternoon in Holiday, Texas" featured a holiday memory book for children and families to collect and catalogue their memories of each cultural celebration. The event's performances included visits from the ITC's Texas Characters and the Robert E. Lee High School Madrigal Singers Choir.
At 801 S. Bowie St. (on Durango Boulevard near Interstate 37), hours of UTSA's Institute of Texan Cultures are noon-5 p.m., Sunday and 10 a.m.-5 p.m., Tuesday-Saturday. Admission is $7 for adults; $4 for children, seniors and military with ID; free with UTSACard.
For more information, visit the Institute of Texan Cultures Web site or call (210) 458-2330.


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The American Correctional Association (ACA) and the Commission on Accreditation for Corrections (CAC) are private, nonprofit organizations that administer the only national accreditation program for all components of adult and juvenile corrections. The purpose of these organizations is to promote improvement in the management of a voluntary accreditation program and the ongoing development and revision of relevant, useful standards. Those standards cover the general areas of Administration/Management; Physical Plant; Institutional Operations; Institutional Services; and Inmate Programs.
The requirements of accreditation, a process that began in 1978, are the same for all types of agencies - state, county, federal, and private. All programs and facilities sign a contract, pay an accreditation fee, conduct a self-evaluation, and have a standards compliance audit by trained ACA consultants prior to an accreditation decision by the Board of Commissioners. The accreditation program offers the opportunity to evaluate our operations against national standards, remedy deficiencies, and upgrade the quality of our correctional programs and services.
The ACA - CAC will audit the facility every three years to ensure that the facility is in compliance with the standards. The Detention Services Division of LVMPD continually reviews compliance with all standards set forth by the ACA for Adult Local Detention Facilities, to ensure that the Clark County Detention Center maintains accreditation.
The Clark County Detention Center was initially accredited in August 1998 and received their last re-accreditation in February 2014.
Visit www.aca.org for more information.
© Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department


text:
Compare Elder Law attorneys near you. Read reviews, see Avvo Ratings, and contact them directly.
Get the legal help you need at a fixed price. No hidden fees or long-term commitment.
Elder law attorneys and elder care lawyers deal with issues related to elderly and disabled people. They write wills, answer tax questions, and plan strategies for obtaining disability, Social Security, Medicaid, and Medicare payments. Their services are useful for health and long-term care planning, as well as end-of-life planning decisions and instances of elder abuse. Elder law attorneys know what public and private resources may be available for your elderly relatives or for anyone else you know with special needs.


text:
Career Facts - Hotel Manager
Other Careers:
Food Service Management Specialist
Hotel Manager
What is a hotel manager?
Hotel managers direct and coordinate a variety of activities surrounding the operation of lodging facilities. Areas such as reservations/registration, housekeeping, food service, accounting, and guest services are under their supervision. Employers are showing an increased preference for college-trained personnel in hotels, motels and lodging establishments. The occupation of hotel management is expected to grow faster than the average at nearly 44 percent in the next 10 years.
What types of skills are required?
Skills in the areas of accounting, computer use, marketing, supervision, and other aspects of hospitality services are those required to succeed in this job position. Personal skills include initiative, self-discipline, the ability to organize and direct the work of others and work as part of a team, and to effectively communicate with guests and staff.
Where are they employed?
Hotel managers work in hotels, motels and other lodging facilities in a variety of environments -- from a serene, exotic resort setting to a bustling urban commercial district.
What degree is available?
An associate degree in business is offered in Hotel and Food Service Management (0711). A certificate of completion is also available in Hotel/Lodging Management (1295).
What is the salary range?
Local starting salaries range from $16,000 to $22,000 per year. Nationally, median salary for general managers is about $31,000 and may increase to $55,000.
Business and Economics Department
Gannon Bldg, Room 131
Phone: (517) 483-1522
Additional contact information »


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Thanks for posting your experience.
Where do they get there package cages?
How about the syrup cans? Do they make them?
Yes Mr.Jarrett would you please share!
I'd love to see your method.
A video of shaking hives might be a good Nutra-Bee promotion. (As the first one to name your product in this thread do I win a prize)
Pm me the name of the "get them moving juice" if you can't share that publicly.


text:
SANTA CLARA -- Alice and Bryan Young, an aunt and uncle of 49ers tight end Delanie Walker, were killed by an alleged drunk driver after attending Sunday's Super Bowl in New Orleans.
"I'm going to miss y'all but i know they are in a better place," Walker wrote in an Instagram post Wednesday morning. Walker attached a picture he took with aunt and uncle during the 49ers' practice Saturday at the Superdome.
The Young's car was stopped on the shoulder of Interstate 10 in St. Charles Parish when it was struck at 5:30 a.m. Monday by Nechole Thomas, 26, of Houston, according to the New Orleans Times-Picayune. Thomas, who escaped her car before both vehicles burst int o flames, was arrested on two counts of vehicular homicide, driving while intoxicated and reckless operation of a vehicle, the Times-Picayune reported.
Walker's cousin, DeAndre Williams, declined an invitation to attend the game and recalled his mother and step-father as "great people," according to the High Desert Daily Press. Williams is a star football player at Serrano High in the Southern California town of Phelan.
Several of Walker's 49ers teammates posted condolences on Twitter, including team CEO Jed York, who wrote: "Thoughts & prayers go out to @Dwalk46. We are praying for you and your family."
A statement from general manager Trent Baalke said, "We extend our deepest sympathies and prayers to Delanie and his family as they grieve this tragedy. Our organization is here to support Delanie through this tough time, as we do with all of our players and staff. At this time, we will respect their family's privacy and ask others to do so as well."
Walker, a Pomona native, completed his seventh season with the 49ers by totaling three receptions for 48 yards in Sunday's 34-31 loss in the Super Bowl to the Baltimore Ravens. He is a pending unrestricted free agent.


text:
Photographer: Michael Hanson
Bumpy Ride
The road to paradise is fraught with bumps...literally. While the peninsula has almost a glut of natural beauty—remote beaches, forest waterfalls, coconut trees, and a blue-blue bay regarded as among the world's best places to see humpback whales, which come to breed here—it was still very much off the beaten tourist path. In fact, it was downright inaccessible to those who weren't determined.
Samaná is only 60 or so miles from the capital of Santo Domingo as the crow flies, but until recently the far reaches of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range had blocked any straight shot to the destination. Thanks to a new road that bisects the mountain range, the total driving time from Santo Domingo down was cut to just around two hours.
Around The Web


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This collection of fifteen articles and talks by Tulku Thondup constitutes a manual on how to transmute the situations encountered in daily life, whether external or internal, into spiritual disciplines and experiences. Among the topics covered are:
- The fundamental principles of Buddhism.
- The practice of meditation as a means of arousing compassion.
- How suffering can become a more powerful tool than happiness in achieving enlightenment.
- The symbolic significance of holy places, temples, statues, books, and other spiritual artifacts.


text:
Yokkao Determined to Push Muay Thai Forward Starting with Muay Thai Combat Mania Ile de la Reunion Featured
- Written by Dave Walsh
- font size decrease font size increase font size
|Stefania Picelli with Mohamed Diaby
We are involved in a very interesting time right now if you are a fan of Kickboxing and Muay Thai. There has been tremendous change within the industry over the past few years, with everything being reshuffled, new promotions rising up, old ones falling and lots of established fighters are aging, leaving room for a new generation of fighters to rise into prominence. In the past few years, Yokkao has not only been making headway in regards to bringing muay thai gear to the world, but they've also done a lot to raise awareness for some of the best talents from Thailand and around the world.
Part of that strategy has involved sponsoring fighters, assembling an all-star fight team and promoting their own Yokkao events as well. Yokkao has a big event coming up in March in England and Stefania Picelli has reached out to us this morning with a statement on Yokkao's mission to bring the best fighters -- from anywhere -- to the attention of the world.
The concept of Yokkao events is to find the best talents and to give them a chance to fight vs Top fighters, not only because they are "recommended" for their affiliations.
Our staff works to find what no one else is looking for: fighters who deserve to fight in big events not only because their gym is famous. Of course there are gyms that are institutions who provide fighters, but there are many gyms with good trainers and fighters who are still unknown in the world.
What my staff and I do is to find these gyms, trainers and fighters.
Why? Because Yokkao is aimed by the real spirit of Muay Thai and give fighters from every country in the world a chance to transform his dream into reality by being part of the most famous Muay Thai team in the world; the Yokkao Fight Team.
What we evaluate is the hard training, the sacrifice and the determination of each fighter who want to transform his life.
This is Yokkao: the realization of the Dream.
To go along with this, Yokkao is announcing today that Saenchai will square off against Aziz Hlali on November 8th at Muay Thai Combat Mania Ile de la Réunion, or what we'll call #Yokkao5. On top of that, Sudsakorn Sor. Klinmee will square off against Mohamed Diaby and Andrea Masini vs Crice Boussoukou, making it yet another incredible event from Yokkao and Stefania Picelli.
Dave Walsh
Dave Walsh has been covering MMA and Kickboxing since 2007 before changing his focus solely to Kickboxing in 2009, launching what was the only English-language site dedicated to giving Kickboxing similar coverage to what MMA receives. He was the co-founder of HeadKickLegend and now LiverKick. He resides in Albuquerque, New Mexico where he works as a writer of all trades.
His second novel, Terminus Cycle, is available now via Kindle and Paperback.
Dave (a) LiverKick dot com | @dvewlshWebsite: www.dvewlsh.com


text:
Imagen del editor
Detalles bibliográficos
Título: Control in conflict
Editorial: Broadman Press
Encuadernación: PAPERBACK
Condición del libro: Very Good
0805430016 The cover shows only moderate wear and there is a small price sticker on the first page. Overall, the book is still in wonderful shape. Ships, well packaged and very quickly, from MI. The condition selected for the item is accurate and consistent with our other listings of the same general condition. If you have any questions or you would like additional details about the item or pictures, please do not hesitate to contact us. We will get back to you as quickly as possible. Please buy with confidence from us, as we have several thousand satisfied customers and your satisfaction is the goal we strive to achieve with every transaction. N° de ref. de la librería RELBILLION: 089
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Librería en AbeBooks desde: 9 de noviembre de 2009
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We guarantee the condition of every book as it's described on the Abebooks web sites. If you're dissatisfied with your purchase (Incorrect Book/Not as Described/Damaged) or if the order hasn't arrived, you're eligible for a refund within 30 days of the estimated delivery date. If you've changed your mind about a book that you've ordered, please use the Ask bookseller a question link to contact us and we'll respond within 2 business days.
We are willing to come to an agreement in every single situation that arises. We are very approachable and you can contact us at any time. We will make our best effort to respond within just a few hours or less. Our goal is to satisfy you, the customer, and there is nothing we will not do, within reason, to make your buying experience as enjoyable as possible. If your book order is heavy or oversize, resulting in shipping costs in excess of the amount charged initially, we may contact you to let you know extra shipping is required to make up the difference.
Descripción de la librería: Modetz Errands-n-More is committed to providing each customer with the highest standard of customer service. We attempt and almost always succeed in shipping every order within 24 hours. We cannot, however, guarantee this every time, but there have only been a few orders where this was not the case. We strive to maintain the highest feedback store by going above and beyond for each and every customer, regardless of the cost of their order. We look forward to serving you. There is a particular item that you are in search of that is not listed under our inventory currently, feel free to make a request. We have over 1,000's books and other items in our warehouse and counting, and as we try to be as detailed as possible in our listings, getting them all online is a slow process. There is a chance that we may have it, so just let us know. We appreciate all of our new customers and we would like to thank all of our repeat buyers, as your loyalty and patronage is what we strive for. FYI...while some of our listings say that they ship from FL, we recently moved to MI. Regardless, orders are shipped so quickly, that this location difference makes little to no difference with respect to arrival times. Thank you and happy reading!


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Bill Cosby Talks at St. Peter's University on Friday, December 7, 2012
Library Board President Holds Up Library Card; 'Cos' in Background
Library Director Priscilla Gardner didn't get exactly what she wanted, yet still she was pleased.
Bill Cosby, whose performance was re-scheduled from Saturday, November 3, due to Hurricane Sandy, spoke at Saint Peter's University on Friday, December 7. Library Director Priscilla Gardner and NJ Room manager Cynthia Harris were both in attendance at the special reception before the iconic comedian took the stage.
Mr. Cosby, whose honest, yet blunt opinions illustrate the mind and heart of the Ph.D.-holding funny man, is clear about not posing for photo opportunities. Library Director Priscilla Gardner has been just as forthright, asking elected and appointed officials, and all sorts of famous people to smile while holding the Jersey City Free Public Library card for a photograph.
Well… The Cos won (sort of). J
When Saint Peter's Director of Cooperative Education Sondra E. Buesing Riley, who also is library board president, approached Bill Cosby with the library card, he pivoted and chose to launch into a sermon praising libraries!
While Bill Cosby still did not hold the Jersey City library card – and he certainly didn't smile for the photo L – he did stand still for the picture taken with Library Board President Sondra E. Buesing Riley, who proudly held up the library card of the Jersey City Free Public Library – and she broadly smiled!
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Lace up your kicks, take the court and get ready to play in the 1st Annual Munch Madness Tournament for your chance to win EIGHT Little Caesar's Pizzas and a supply of Pepsi products courtesy of Walton Beverage!
Get in the game by viewing the pizza and Pepsi flavors and picking your favorites. Which flavor in each bracket should be crowned the champion? While watching the big game, spending an evening with family, or grabbing a quick bite to eat, what's Little Caesar's pizza do you look forward to munching on? Are you a fan of regular Pepsi or Diet Pepsi? Or, are you stocking up on Diet Pepsi Vanilla or Diet Pepsi Lime? Be sure to vote so your favorites move on through the tournament each week!
Make your vote count! Vote once a day every day. Every day you vote you will be entered to win the grand prize of EIGHT Little Caesar's Pizzas and a supply of Pepsi products. The flavor with the most votes in each match will move onto the next week until just one Little Caesar's Pizza and 1 Pepsi product remain and are crowned Champions of Munch Madness 2013! Will your favorites win? Will you win? You've got to vote to win!
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Kurt Attaway with UTSA fans
UTSA's Kurt Attaway named Southland Conference Men's Student-Athlete of the Year
(April 20, 2005)--Led by UTSA guard Kurt Attaway as student-athlete of the year, five Southland Conference men's basketball players have been tabbed to the league's 2005 all-academic team.
Five universities are represented on the team with Lamar University's Jason Grant, last year's student-athlete of the year -- a repeat selection to the squad. Also selected all-academic are Texas State University's Zach Allison, University of Texas at Arlington's Brady Dawkins and Nicholls State University's Jason Wilkins.
Today's headlines
- La Prensa Foundation is newest member of UTSA Lone Star Society
- UTSA alumna Jordan Kaufmann wins $50K for new stent-graft start-up
- UTSA begins new way-finding sign installation this summer at Main Campus
- USA Today: UTSA long jumper Tyler Williamson rescues three-year-old boy
Article tools
Attaway, the 2004 SLC Freshman of the Year who started all 33 games last season, battled injury problems during his second season while appearing in 19 games. The sophomore from Flower Mound, Texas, came off the injured list to tie his career high with eight assists against Lamar and also had 12 points against Northwestern State. Despite missing nine games, he ranked third on the team in assists (55).
In the classroom, Attaway has posted a perfect 4.0 grade point average in his psychology major and has been on the Dean's List all three semesters at UTSA.
In extracurricular activities, Attaway participates in include the Fellowship of Christian Athletes and Student Leader groups. He is a student representative for the UTSA Campus Life Initiative, was a volunteer coach at the NCAA Basketball YES Clinic in 2004 and has done several speaking engagements at elementary schools and children's hospitals.Grant led Lamar and ranked fourth in the SLC in blocked shots (42) this year. The junior from Toronto, Canada, who has a 3.51 GPA in kinesiology, was fourth on the team in rebounding. He scored a season-high 16 points versus Nicholls and tied a career high with 13 rebounds versus Rice. Grant ranks second all-time in school history in blocked shots with 165. A 2005 CoSIDA Academic All-District VI selection, Grant averaged 4.8 points and 4.6 rebounds this season.
Texas State's Zach Allison started 22 games, including the last 12 of the year, as a senior. The forward from Carthage, Texas, averaged 8.8 points and 5.4 rebounds per contest. He shot 47.7 percent from the field and was also a threat from outside, knocking down 20-of-60 three-point attempts. Allison was one of the Bobcats' leading free-throw shooters, making 76.3 percent of his shots from the line. The 3.13 exercise and sports science major had a pair of double-doubles during the year.
Dawkins' Southland honor comes after he was named a UTA scholar-athlete in the fall of 2002 and spring and fall of both 2003 and 2004. On the court, the Whitehouse, Texas, standout averaged 6.4 points and 3.9 assists for the Mavericks this season. Last year, the 3.31 communication technology major ranked second in the SLC in 3-point field goal percentage.
Wilkins started all 27 games for the Colonels, leading them in 3-point field goal percentage (32.5). He led the team in points on seven different occasions, recorded six double-doubles and scored in double digits in 18 of the 27 games. The Evadale, Texas, student averaged 10.4 points, 5.1 rebounds and 1.4 assists during his senior season. Wilkins is a 3.10 computer information systems major.
2005 Southland Conference Men's Basketball All-Academic Team
(listing of student, university, class, position, GPA, major, hometown)
- Zach Allison, Texas State, senior, F, 3.13, exercise and sports science, Carthage, Texas
- Kurt Attaway, Texas-San Antonio, sophomore, G, 4.00, psychology, Flower Mound, Texas (2005 Student-Athlete of the Year)
- Brady Dawkins, Texas-Arlington, junior, G, 3.31, communication technology, Whitehouse, Texas
- Jason Grant, Lamar, junior, C, 3.51, kinesiology, Toronto, Canada
- Jason Wilkins, Nicholls State, senior, F, 3.10, computer information systems, Evadale, Texas


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I never took your posts as being against Amanda and Mark - and thought you were questioning the selection process as a whole.
Whenever a competition is that close there will always be fans who are upset by the results. It is OK to question the selection process and to disagree with it.
For me the results were fine and I am happy that Amanda and Mark were selected for the Olympic team. I am also a little sad for the others but that is the nature of sport.
I have no objection to anyone expressing their opinion as to how the selection process should be. And I have not replied to postings from any other poster - they are entitled to their opinions. But you must admit that you have said some snarky, snide, hurtful and sarcastic comments about Amanda and Mark, using conveniently-positioned expressive emoticons for emphasis. Those remarks, I object to.
Vic Evora
While I don't agree with name calling or insulting comments, I also know that is par for the course in these forums. Some people can be harsh. And perhaps, in trying to be constructive (which I believe Joelitz is trying to be) they are coming across as harsh.
Your daughter and her partner have achieved a great goal, and I really do not want forum comments to deter from your celebration, especially when they made be made by people who probably do not know or can even try to understand the work they've made to reach this point. You have a lot to be proud of. And I rather you spend your time relishing in this special moment with your daughter rather then reading these forums.
Last edited by Mrs. P; 01-19-2010 at 05:01 PM.
Mrs. P is right. There will never be 100% support of any skater or team and ultimately I believe the skaters are best served by enthusiastic, freewheeling fan discussion boards - which promote public interest and meet a different need (i.e., the public's) than that of the skaters themselves and their families. This is a very nice board compared to some others and there are guidelines for courtesy here, but Joesitz definitely didn't break any of them.
P.S. I thought E/L were beautiful and I'm eager to see them in the Olympics! Congrats to them! But I would have understood if I/B had gotten silver/Oly spot instead - I mean, that throw 3A is a big deal!
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Join Date: Jul 2003
Location: New York City
Posts: 17,683 I think Innue and Baldwin will be considered too.
McL/Bru could have been considered but 2 poor skates, I would think is a no no.
No doubt about Cadee/Denny, they will go and they may even podium, if they skate the way they did.
Congrats to Evora/Ladwiq.
As you can see, just questioning the select committee's duties. and, please point out any snarky, snide remarks I make it the future. I did not have a cultured upbringing and any help would be appreciated.
My daughter is lucky enough to skate at the same rink in Ellenton as our new Olympian Pairs Skaters. Over the years we have gotten to know the skaters fairly well, particularly Mark and Amanda. My daughter currently takes private lessons with Amanda and I just have to say she could not have a better role model. She is learning SO much from Amanda and not just skating skills. Amanda is teaching her the value of working hard, dreaming big, and being gracious whether you win or lose. I can sincerely say that she is genuinely a lovely person (and so is Mark). Obviously the choice of who belongs on the Olympic team should not be a popularity contest, and should be awarded based on skill, but I am happy to say it could not have happened to nicer people.
You should be VERY proud of daughter Mr. Evora. And not just because she is a talented skater, but because of who she is as a person.
Last edited by Tonichelle; 01-20-2010 at 11:15 PM. Reason: please use the multiquote feature when quoting more than one post so as not to double post!
I just don't know how wise it is to make Nationals mean EVERYTHING. It leaves the door open to the possibility that skaters may place well based on luck, or lack thereof. If Jeremy Abbott went out and fell two or three times in his LP last weekend and slipped to 4th or 5th, should we have left him home from the Olympics? To me, the answer is absolutely not.
If we look at major ISU championships-- well, none of the top US pair teams aside from I/B have much experience competing at them--- But if we want to look at '09 competitions, M/B were the highest US finishers at 4CC and then did the worst LP of their lives at Worlds. Denney/Barrett skated their best there, but their LP score was low, and would have been passed by M/B with a decent skate. M/B have consistency issues, plenty to work on, and you could argue that their Nationals performance was crappy enough to justify leaving them off the Oly team, but I don't see how you can argue that they haven't been the top US pair internationally as of late. I think the scores and placements speak for themselves.
I really don't think that's the reason they've scored so low. Maybe in ice dancing that would matter, but I don't think it matters in the other disciplines.E/L though have always gone into international competitions as a low ranking American team. That's hardly going to get you a whole lot of cred from the international judges. They might get more notice now that they are the US silver medalists.
Oh, and if this really is Amanda's dad, congratulations to your daughter on her amazing accomplishment! She looked beyond thrilled, and it was such an exciting moment to watch.
Last edited by gold12345; 01-20-2010 at 07:36 PM.
I think the main difference is that in gymnastics they have to field a team, so they have to balance specialists on individual apparatuses with all-round performers.Of course, skating is different from gymnastics, but I see some legit similarities.
In the case of Japan giving an automatic spot to Miki for her placement in the Grand Prix Finals, and an automatic place to Mao for being the national champion, that follows the explicit rules of the Japanese Federation. I wouldn't mind if the USFSA had rules like that. What I don't like is to have no firm criteria, and just say, if the selection committee likes you , you go, if they don't like you, you don't.
The advantage to the present selection process is that the skaters all know what the deal is. Get first or second at Nationals, you go to the Olympics. No backroom deals, no argumments about whether it is better to get fifth at the Grand Prix finals or second at Four Continents or 8th at Worlds.
I think if Ryan Bradley had beaten Abbott then the fair and right thing to do would be to send Bradley. Decide it on the field of play, not in the committee room. I think in the long run, principles should prevail over practicality. (Good karma, and all that. )If Jeremy Abbott went out and fell two or three times in his LP last weekend and slipped to 4th or 5th, should we have left him home from the Olympics?
Last edited by Mathman; 01-20-2010 at 09:18 PM.
True. But there have been instances where, say, a top All Around gymnast has had a poor Nationals performance, but was selected to do the AA at Worlds over gymnasts who may have finished higher than her at Nationals, but had lower scoring potential. The 2nd place gymnast from the most recent Nationals was skipped over for one of the two AA slots for Worlds. I'm not sure if you follow gymnastics, but the girl who ended up getting the AA chance seemed to have cracked under the pressure in trying to win the National title and fell out of the top 2, but USAG believed in her enough to give her an AA chance at Worlds. I understand your point about having clear cut selection criteria, but I'm not sure if that is always going to pick the best team.I think the main difference is that in gymnastics they have to field a team, so they have to balance specialists on individual apparatuses with all-round performers.
Ah, it's interesting to me to hear that people feel this way. I just feel like that makes Nationals more nerve-wracking that the Olympics itself and entices the skaters to be at their best for Nationals more so than the Olympics, which should be the more important event. And what if someone just has some fluke great performance one weekend? Should that be enough to make the most important sports team there is? But I do understand what you are saying, too.I think if Ryan Bradley had beaten Abbott then the fair and right thing to do would be to send Bradley. Decide it on the field of play, not in the committee room. I think in the long run, principles should prevail over practicality. (Good karma, and all that. )


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Really tall, creepy looking ginger people that freak others out in the street, on facebook and generally everywhere.
So i was looking down my mini feed when all of a sudden....AAAAAHHHH I was freaked out by a massive scary ginge! I had to have a little cry.
by waggler May 14, 2010


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Hey, does anyone know what happened to the TDH shirts that we paid for a few months ago?
Hey, does anyone know what happened to the TDH shirts that we paid for a few months ago?
Art may know?
Yeah, I just searched and found the thread...
I guess they should be coming shortly eh'?
Hey Art.............what's up/?
I was thinking about this last night but didn't want to be a pest about it hahaha
Hey guys. First batch has gone out, but I still have a good bit to go. This has been the slowest shipping ever on my part. Sorry for the delay.
Who was all in the first batch bro?
has anyone gotten a shirt yet? *shrugs*
Negative here....Have complete faith in Mr. Andrews though...
Really? No one? I got in the rest of the shipping bags from uline today so the remainder will go out tomorrow.
I'm not worried...I trust you! Awaiting patiently. I just started the thread because I was curious. Until then, I'll make due with my one other T-Shirt
Esh, I know yours didn't go out in the first batch because I just packed yours about 5 mins ago.
Has there been any germany package in the first batch?
Alright guys, all shirts have shipped except for TK6628, Babyfett, and Boomer fett. I apologize for the delay (took WAY too long) and appreciate your patience!
you did a run of shirts and i missed out =(


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Bye bye steering column.
quote:I predict back trouble and a nice case of hemorrhoids.
Totaled the truck and I wonder what he did to his back
quote:I think an adjuster can look at the vehicle and tell what happened without the video. I'd like to see the A-frames, just to see what that does to them.
If the insurance company sees that vid:
quote:Yeah, that about sums it up.
rednecks with paychecks
quote:You could claim that you took an off ramp too fast, but you're going to have to file an incident report with the police or state and lying on an official document in order to defraud the insurance company is like popping zits with a vice grip.
What half plausible story could you even offer for that damage under comprehensive?
quote:That or a crushed disk. Didn't Evel Knievel have a similar injury?
I seriously wondered about a compression fracture.
quote:It would be easier to identify the times/places where alcohol wasn't involved, I bet.
You think alcohol could possibly be involved?
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I'm glad you documented 'the splatter'. What I was imagining could not have done reality justice. Happy travels!
Memorial Weekend in Texas
Trip Start Mar 12, 2009
24Trip End Jul 24, 2009
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Today, Tuesday the 26th, we are headed to Austin to pick Mark up from the airport and visit him for a short stint.
With Love,
Tom and Christine
PS: Rob, if you're reading this, that homophone and alliteration combo was for you.
Total mileage: ~2400 miles
License Plates: ~31 (We've seen Alaska on 2 seperate occasions now, we're desperately hoping we'll see a Hawaii eventually)
Temperature: Hot and Humid
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Where I stayed
Don and Ana's Place


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OUHSC is built upon a rich tradition of innovative curricula and cutting edge research. In addition, OUHSC represents a unique opportunity to attend school surrounded by your future health care colleagues represented in seven different colleges: Allied Health, Dentistry, Graduate, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy and Public Health.
Welcome to the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, approximately 25 miles north of Norman, Oklahoma, and within blocks of the State Capitol.
The mission of the University of Oklahoma is to provide the best possible educational experience for our students through excellence in teaching, research and creative activity, and service to the state and society.
The mission of the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, as a comprehensive academic health center, is to educate students at the professional, graduate, and undergraduate levels to become highly qualified health services practitioners, educators, and research scientists; to conduct research and creative activities for the advancement of knowledge through teaching and development of skills; and to provide continuing education, public service, and clinical care of exemplary quality.
GRADUATE COLLEGE H. Anne Pereira, PhD, Dean
The Graduate College of the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) is the educational center for the training of world-class biomedical researchers. The OUHSC Graduate College is committed to training the next generation of biomedical researchers who will identify the basis of human diseases and develop the means to translate these findings into clinical applications to treat disease.
COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH P. Kevin Rudeen, PhD, Dean
The mission of the College of Allied Health is to empower life by maximizing human potential through allied health interprofessional, education, research, care, and community engagement.
COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY Raymond A. Cohlmia, DDS, Dean
The mission of The University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry is to improve the health of Oklahomans and shape the future of dentistry by developing highly qualified dental practitioners and scientists through excellence in education, patient care, research, community service, faculty and facilities.
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Russell G. Postier, MD, Interim Executive Dean.Our mission is leading health care - in education, research and patient care. Our goals are Uncompromising Quality, Exceptional Service, Innovative Education, Advancing Knowledge, and Institutional Strength. This mission is tied to our core values.
SCHOOL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE - TULSA James M. Herman, MD, Dean
The University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine (OUSCM) mission focuses on improving the health and health care of the entire community.
COLLEGE OF NURSING Lazelle E. Benefield, PhD, Dean
The University of Oklahoma College of Nursing strives to be the leader in nursing education, research, and practice innovations to promote excellence in education, research, and practice. This mission is tied to our core values and goals.
COLLEGE OF PHARMACY JoLaine R. Draugalis, PhD, Dean
The mission of the University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy as part of a comprehensive academic health sciences center is to educate and empower professional, graduate, and post-graduate students to be highly qualified pharmacy practitioners, scientists and educators.
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The mission of the College of Public Health is to protect and improve the health of the people of Oklahoma, the United States, and other nations through: (1) education, public health workforce development, and cutting-edge research; (2) translation of research and scholarship into public health practice and service; and (3) the development and advocacy of evidence-based health management and policy.
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Making Northern Michigan University a safe place to live, learn, work and play is part of the mission of NMU Public Safety and Police Services. As such, employee safety is a priority of the department and the university.
A large part of NMU's employee safety effort is educating faculty and staff about the federal and state safety measures that Northern is held accountable for. Both the U.S. Department of Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration (MIOSHA) do on-site audits, announced and unannounced, and violations for failing to meet their safety standards come with steep fines.
In addition, NMU Public Safety and Police Services annually collects Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) from every NMU department. On the MSDS, faculty and staff list all materials that are or could become toxic in all or some situations, as well as materials that become flammable or explosive in a fire, which poses a critical threat to those who reside in the area and to fire, police and other emergency responders.
If you believe that the MSDS survey doesn't apply to you, think again. If you have fingernail polish, saline solution for your contacts or whiteout in your desk, you're housing materials that need to be recorded – by law – on MSDS. Please do your part and assist the person in your department responsible for completing the MSDS sheets with compiling the most comprehensive and accurate information.
Employee safety also includes zero tolerance of workplace violence, aggression and intimidation, as well as discrimination or harassment of any type. If you experience or witness any of these, please contact NMU Public Safety and Police Services.
Many departments assist NMU Public Safety and Police Services in providing employee safety measures and education, including the Equal Opportunity Office, Human Resources and the Health Promotions Office.


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Get the Wolves newsletter
21:23 8th September 2013
by Matt Sacco
Women beaten in local derby
Sporting Club Albion 4 (Pope 52, Hodgetts 70, Humphrey 73, James 89)
Wolves Women 0
Wolves Women suffered a crushing derby defeat away at Albion on Sunday as the home side took their chances to run out ultimately comfortable winners.
Wolves made the better start in a lively opening, quickly settling in to their short passing game and dictating play. Albion struggled to get a hold of the ball and rarely threatened going forwards, with Wolves' makeshift midfielder Layla Salter having the first shot of the game blocked for a corner.
Summer Holmes struck her effort just wide of the post after some slick passing play from Wolves as the away side looked to make their dominance pay off. However, despite playing the better football and controlling the game, Wolves struggled to create many more chances, and Albion nearly took the lead on the half-hour mark, but Natalie Widdal was on-hand to clear the ball off the line.
As half-time approached, Wolves put together the move of the match. Leanne Rimmer made a determined run down the right wing to power through two challenges, before some quick passing from Holmes and Dani Selmes gave Jordan Timmins-Ray a great chance to open the scoring from 15 yards. However Timmins-Ray rushed her effort and dragged her shot well wide, when she had time to control the ball.
Wolves went in at half time knowing they were the better side, but they just needed to find a goal to put them ahead.
The second half was a different story entirely, as Albion quickly took the lead through a sensational Abby Pope free kick from 25 yards, off the underside of the crossbar.
Going behind after playing so well saw Wolves heads drop, and they struggled to emulate their first half performance, with Albion no longer struggling to make headway as an attacking force.
With 20 minutes to go Albion doubled their lead with a slice of good fortune. Wolves failed to defend a corner and the ball bounced off the back off an Albion player and past the helpless Natalie Hall and into the net.
Albion put the game beyond doubt two minutes later when Pippa Humphrey ran down the right-wing, before sending in a wayward cross which ended up in the top corner of the Wolves net.
Albion completed the scoring with seconds to go when a perfectly weighted long ball was coolly converted by Robyn James.
Wolves Manager Trevor Mullings revealed his frustrations after the game. He said: "I'm disappointed that we didn't get at least a point today and the score line doesn't do our performance justice.
"We applied ourselves well in the first half and played the better football but never capitalised on it.
"In the second half Albion scored quickly and their confidence grew. We found it difficult to retain the ball and made basic errors, leaving us with too much to do."
Wolves will be frustrated that their first half efforts were not rewarded, but they know that they need to perform for the whole game, as defender Layla Salter acknowledged. She said: "I thought we were top class in the first half and were by far the better team.
"But we let ourselves down in the second half letting in soft goals and losing our shape.
"The challenge is now to pick ourselves up and make sure we perform for the full 90 minutes next week, as we know we can."
*Wolves play at home on Sunday 15th September, against Sheffield FC at Castlecroft Stadium.
Team: Hall, Large, Widdal, Perks, McQuilkin, Salter (Hewitt), Luke, Rimmer (Palin), Timmins-Ray, Holmes, Selmes.
Wolves Women secure promotion
15 May 2017
Three goals see off Loughborough ahead of final day
12 May 2017
Convincing victory keeps ladies right in contention
08 May 2017
Late show maintains the pressure on leaders
01 May 2017
Promotion hopes still alive after thrilling win
28 Apr 2017
Home win for Molineux ladies
23 Apr 2017


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Have to call Hector tomorrow. Guess my papers came back cause they ATF said I sent the copies instead of the original papers.
Guess I will know tomorrow what the hell is going on.
"Man needs but two things to survive alone in the woods. A blow up female doll and his trusty old AK-47" - Thomas Jefferson 1781


text: [FONT=Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif]Rob Rang Senior Analyst NFLDraftScout.com March 21, 2006 - Scouts would rather players work out at the Combine for many reasons, not the least of which is the hassle of crisscrossing the country to watch individual workouts. And in Indianapolis, everyone is on an even playing field, unlike the various track qualities and conditions scouts have to contend with at Pro Days. Elite prospects at some of the more highly regarded positions worked out in front of scouts during various Pro Days last wee. There were numerous workouts that deserve mentioning. Scouts flocked to Georgia Tech to see wide receiver Calvin Johnson, and while his workout was staggering, some of his former teammates didn't fare as well. The stars are well represented in this week's Risers & Fallers, although not all of them are listed favorably. [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]RISERS:[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]JaMarcus Russell, QB, LSU:[/SIZE][/FONT] The pressure was on Russell to perform well at his March 14 Pro Day after electing not to workout at the Combine and Notre Dame's Brady Quinn shooting back up the board. In weighing in at 258 pounds -- seven pounds lighter than he did at the Combine -- Russell answered questions about his taking the process seriously and certainly put to bed any doubts about his throwing ability. Those in attendance gushed about Russell's physical tools and his composure in producing such a spectacular performance in front of more than 100 NFL personnel, including Oakland head coach Lane Kiffin. Whether Oakland retains the first overall pick and uses it on Russell remains a legitimate question, but clearly Russell cemented his status as one of the few true elite talents in this draft. [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]Darrelle Revis, CB, Pittsburgh:[/SIZE][/FONT] The one question scouts had about Revis was answered March 17 in precisely 4.38 seconds. Considered by many to be the closest thing to a true shutdown corner in the 2007 draft, scouts were concerned Revis may not have the deep speed to play in every NFL scheme. After a spectacular workout in front of dozens of scouts, however, Revis not only answered the speed question, he may have leapfrogged senior Leon Hall as this year's top cornerback prospect. [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]Joe Staley, OT, Central Michigan:[/SIZE][/FONT] Rarely are NFL scouts excited about the individual workouts put forth by offensive linemen, but in the case of Staley, the attention is well deserved. After weighing in at 304 pounds, Staley was clocked anywhere from a 4.79 to 4.82 in the 40-yard dash and was equally impressive in the shuttle (4.30) and three-cone drills (7.17). Each was the best time by any offensive lineman in the 2007 draft. Some are characterizing Staley's performance as the most impressive one ever done by an offensive lineman. [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]Dwayne Bowe, WR, LSU:[/SIZE][/FONT] Anyone who has seen Bowe play knows he's a talented receiver. He helped himself further with a strong performance at the Senior Bowl. In fact, he is almost universally viewed as the top senior receiver in the draft. After timing between 4.51-4.61 in the 40-yard dash at the Combine, however, scouts were concerned about the 6-2, 221-pounder's speed. Bowe emphatically silenced these concerns at his March 14 Pro Day by running a 4.49 and 4.40 at 218 pounds. [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]Kevin Boss, TE, Western Oregon:[/SIZE][/FONT] With only Miami, Florida's Greg Olsen and Arizona State's Zach Miller considered surefire first-day picks at tight end, the battle to be the third drafted from the position is a fierce one. One small school player to keep in mind is Boss. Whitworth's Michael Allan became somewhat of a media darling after posting eye-popping numbers as the only Division III player invited to the Combine. Scouts will tell you that Boss is a similar athlete and might be an even better football player, but a shoulder injury that limited his senior season to only six games has led to minimal exposure. Running in the low 4.7s and posting a 35.5-inch vertical jump after measuring in at nearly 6-7 and 258 pounds, however, has NFL teams certainly taking notice. [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]FALLERS:[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]Jamaal Anderson, DE, Arkansas:[/SIZE][/FONT] Characterized by most as likely top 10 pick, Anderson's stock is slipping after a pedestrian Pro Day performance March 13. The 6-5, 284-pound Anderson, who signed with Arkansas as a wide receiver and led the SEC with 13.5 sacks in 2006, simply lacked the eye-popping numbers expected of such a highly regarded athlete. His 40-yard dashes were timed between 4.75 and 4.81 seconds, and questions about his upper body strength were not put to rest after only lifting the 225-pound bar 22 times. Scouts recognize Anderson's upside and are quick to point out that his workout wasn't a poor one, but there were hopes that he'd wow observers, and that simply did not happen. [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]Rufus Alexander, OLB, Oklahoma:[/SIZE][/FONT] At one point Alexander was considered among the elite linebackers in the draft -- and with good reason. The Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year was viewed as instinctive, productive and athletic. Slower than expected times at the Combine (4.79-4.84), however, were not improved upon much (4.69-4.73) at his March 13 Pro Day, leading some to speculate that Alexander is more likely to be drafted in the third round than the first. [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]KaMichael Hall, OLB, Georgia Tech:[/SIZE][/FONT] In a weak class at outside linebacker, Hall stands out on film due to his athleticism. However, after being timed at 4.77 in the 40-yard dash at the Combine, questions began to surface as to just how athletic the linebacker really is. Hall worked feverishly to improve his 40 time for his March 15 Pro Day. The hard worked paid off in terms of lowering Hall's 40 time (4.66, 4.68), but after weighing in at 228 pounds in Indianapolis, Hall came in at only 219 pounds on the 15th. Scouts questioned how Hall, considered undersized already at 6-0, 228, would fit in a pro defense at only 219 pounds and certainly not fast enough to be moved to safety. [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]Anthony Pudewell, TE, Nevada:[/SIZE][/FONT] One of the few tight ends considered a solid mid- to late-round prospect may have significantly lowered his chances of getting drafted at all with a disappointing workout at Nevada's March 14 Pro Day. Pudewell, 6-4, 252 pounds, was considered more of a blocking specialist due to his tenacity and aggression, but surprised scouts by only lifting 225 pounds 15 times at the Combine. His stock further slipped by failing to improve his Combine 40 time (5.07-5.14) much at his Pro Day (5.00-5.06). [FONT=Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif][SIZE=-1]Reggie Ball, WR/QB, Georgia Tech:[/SIZE][/FONT] A four-year starter at quarterback for Georgia Tech, Ball lacks the accuracy and size to remain at the position in the NFL, but was viewed as potentially athletic enough to switch to receiver. After looking less than comfortable catching passes at the Combine, Ball was timed in the mid-4.7s to mid-4.8s. Given nearly a month more to prepare for his Pro Day, the hope was that he might be able to improve considerably in these areas. While Ball's times (4.69, 4.67) were better, he is now viewed by most as a likely free agent.[/FONT]


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I know it can be frustrating. The way many AV or anti-virus programs work is by actively scanning your machine to prevent threats. When this happens, it can cause a higher-than-normal CPU usage. Unfortunately, this can slow down the other processes you are doing on your computer at that time.
The good news is, the ccsvchst.exe file isn't a TRUE required system file on your Windows computer for it to work properly. Though it is necessary for Norton (or other Symantec products), it won't blow your computer up if the process ends.
Some people have said the file itself causes additional memory issues with specific versions of Service Packs installed in conjunction with Windows. No matter what, it's important to have all your updates and SP updates with Windows, whether you are using XP, Vista, 7, or 8. Here's a link to the Norton forum where users have posted similar thoughts.
What is the CcSvcHst.exe file?
As I mentioned above, it's not actually a bug or a virus within the Norton program. It's required to run some of the applications. It may be responsible for scanning and assisting your computer in preventing viruses and other dangerous files from being downloaded and installed. The ccsvchst.exe file is vital for proper usage of these applications and should NOT be deleted or moved if you want to be able to use the software continuously (and properly).
Also, this process may start more than one instance. That's usually ok too so don't be too worried unless you get tons of errors.
Regardless, keep your computer working as it should and keep the process working and you should be fine. If the 99% usage gets annoying, just turn off your program while you are working or playing a game.


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Charlotte Lupus Empowerment Seminar
When: Saturday, September 6th
Time: 10:00am - 1:00pm
Where: Myers Park Presbyterian Church Outreach Center, 1073 Providence Road, Charlotte, NC 28207
Topic 1: Lupus and the Musculoskeletal System
Presenter: Dr. Stacy Kennedy, Rowan Diagnostic Clinic
It is not uncommon for people with lupus to experience muscle aches and pain or have inflammation of certain muscle groups, which causes weakness and loss of strength. More than 90 percent of people with lupus will experience joint and/or muscle pain at some time during the course of their illness. Learn more about the difference ways in which lupus can affect the musculoskeletal system and possible treatments.
Topic 2: Lupus and Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Presenter: Dr. Sheetal S. Vora, Levine Children's Specialty Center
In addition to medications and other medical care from doctors, a large and growing number of people turn to other healing practices to try to improve their health. Learn more about these diverse therapies and the importance of discussing these practices with your doctor.
Must register by Wednesday, September 3rd.
There is no charge to attend the seminar.
Light refreshments will be served.
Registration is required.
Address:1073 Providence Road, Charlotte, NC 28207
Phone: 877-849-8271
Email: email@example.com


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Refine Your Search
Choose Your Colors
Choose Your Styles
A table centerpiece will refine your coffee table, dining table or kitchen table. Browse decorative centerpiece bowls and other table centerpieces embellished with colorful fruits, tropical leaves, gem accents and much more.
Magnolia Centerpiece Bowl
Magnolia Charm Decorative Centerpiece Bowl
Wild Daisies Candle Ring Floral Centerpiece
Floral Jubilee Indoor Outdoor Candle Ring
Spring Romance Candle Ring Floral Centerpiece
Summer Florals Decorative Centerpiece Bowl
Blue Hydrangea Candle Ring Floral Centerpiece
Table Centerpieces for Any Scenario
Whether your table needs a touch of extravagance or simply some decorative interest, a table centerpiece is the answer. Shop a variety of table centerpieces and decorative centerpiece bowls. Many of our table centerpieces are also available with coordinating orbs. Browse centerpiece bowls embellished with acanthus leaves, floral designs, cherub motifs and more.
An attractive table centerpiece sparks conversation and enhances your dining experience. Set a romantic mood in a dimly-lit dining room with a flickering candleholder centerpiece. Or, fill a decorative bowl with orbs, and pull a sophisticated element into your decor. Table centerpieces are vessels for your creativity.
Punctuate your table with gleaming orbs nestled inside a coordinating centerpiece bowl. Raised fleur-de-lis designs, rose bouquets and acrylic gems will embellish the orbs and bowl alike. Fill a leaf-shaped bowl with orbs woven from twigs, or furnish your coastal bowl with seashells. Centerpieces for tables also include decorative glass bowls, which you can display for an artistic touch.
Dining Room & Kitchen Table Centerpieces
Decorative centerpieces can also take a more animated approach with cherub and wildlife embellishments. Watch as a peacock holds your decorative accents with his elegant train of feathers. Delightful cherubs swooping around the neck of your pedestal bowl will also get your dinner guests talking. Combine a fruit-themed centerpiece with wall plaques featuring apples, pears or grapes.
If you prefer kitchen table centerpieces that harmonize completely with surrounding decor, you'll find our decorative home accent sets appealing. These typically include candleholders, charger plates and covered boxes as well as table centerpieces. Since each decoration features a color and style identical to the next, you can ensure that your table and countertop accents match exactly.
Peruse our table centerpieces for a decorative centerpiece bowl or even a bowl and orbs set. Enhance your tablescape with an attractive centerpiece for your table.


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Bedford 2-Shelf Bookcase
- Overview
Customize a spacious, organized workspace for all of your creative endeavors with the versatile Bedford 2-Shelf Bookcase. Each of the modular components from the Bedford Collection gives you the ultimate flexibility in creating a home office that suits your space and your needs.
- Espresso finish is made of kiln-dried maple wood and veneer.
- Antique White and Black are made of kiln-dried pine and veneer.
- Norfolk Gray is made of kiln-dried poplar and veneer.
- Features one fixed shelf.
- Levelers included for stability.
- Stack two bookcase to create a wide bookcase or stack one on top of a lateral file cabinet to create a bookcase with storage.
- 41" wide x 17" deep x 29.5" high
- Dimensions & Care
- Overall: 41" wide x 17" deep x 29.5" high
- Shelf Interior: 38" wide x 15" deep x 12" high
- Shelf: 38.5" wide x 15" deep x 1" thick
- Dust often with a clean, soft, dry, lint-free cloth.
- Blot spills immediately and wipe with a clean damp cloth.
- We do not recommend the use of chemical cleaners, abrasives or furniture polish on our stained finish.
- Shipping & Return Info
In-stock items will usually ship within 7-10 business days for the cities listed below:
- San Francisco, Los Angeles, Dallas, Chicago, Detroit, Columbus, New York City, Baltimore, Boston, Cromwell, Atlanta, Raleigh, Charlotte, Tampa, Fort Meyers, Orlando, Miami, Fort Lauderdale. For other areas, your items will be delivered within 2-3 weeks.
White Glove Delivery
- With White Glove Delivery, items are brought into your home, most are unpacked and assembled*, and the packaging is removed. White Glove delivery is only available in the contiguous 48 states.
- Delivery is by appointment Tuesday – Saturday in most major metropolitan areas, with Monday delivery available in some areas. Service to outlying areas may be restricted based on geographic location. Our delivery service will contact you to arrange a delivery date and confirm the appointment timeframe.
*Exceptions include outdoor patio structures, marble or stone sink consoles, lighting, mirrors, rugs, headboards attached to a metal frame and any items requiring home installation or wall mounting.
Select oversized items have an additional delivery and processing surcharge; this charge is listed below the item price.
View the complete Shipping and Delivery Information page.
We take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of each and every Pottery Barn product and we hope you love your purchase. If for any reason you do not, you have 30 days – or 7 days for all Quick Ship upholstery items – to return your purchase for a full refund or exchange. You can return most non-furniture items to your local Pottery Barn store – FREE.
Delivery fees are non-refundable and prior purchases are not eligible for a price adjustment. The following items are non-eligible for returns or exchanges:
- Monogrammed items
- Mattresses
- Gift cards
- Special-order items (including made-to-order upholstery and custom order rugs)
- Final Sale items (identified by a price ending in $.X7 or $.X9)
- Items damaged through normal wear and tear.
Questions? See our full Returns Policy.


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CNE activities
About CNE activities
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CNE activities
Preconception health promotion: The foundation for a healthier tomorrow (2013)
Designed for registered nurses who interact with women of childbearing age before and after pregnancy and between pregnancies. The module reviews the rationale for moving away from prenatal care as the principle approach to preventing poor pregnancy outcomes to an approach that encompasses a woman's health before conception. The link between a woman's health habits and risks and how they correspond to known risks for a pregnancy and neonates is examined. Evidence-based strategies for addressing key risks help nurses provide preventive care throughout the life course of women and their offspring. Slide format.
Neither the author nor any member of the planning committee for this activity has any financial, professional or personal relationships that could potentially bias the content.
Accredited status does not imply endorsement by March of Dimes or the American Nurses Credentialing Center of any commercial products discussed in conjunction with this educational activity.
Free to read; $15 test fee
3.0 contact hours are available for this activity through December 31, 2017.
- Read the module (PPT)
The module must be in Slide Show view for the links to work. See the Navigation and Links page in the module for instructions.
- Take your test:
Registration, sign in and payment required
- Download guidelines and references (PDF)
- Print this module (PDF)
Keywords: well woman care, preconception, preventive care, life course, evidence-based care, poor pregnancy outcomes
Please direct any questions you may have to Mary Lavan, Associate Director, Nursing Education & Health Promotion, at email@example.com
Requirements for successful completion of a CNE activity:
- Complete the entire activity.
- Pass the CNE test with a score of 70 percent or higher.
- Complete the evaluation form.
Registration and payment are required to access continuing education modules.
Sign in to purchase access to this test.
Not yet registered?
Registration is free and open to anyone.
Register now.
Registration and payment are required to access continuing education tests.
Sign in to purchase access to this test.
Not yet registered?
Registration is free and open to anyone.
Register now.


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Solar Soars: Deutsche Upbeat on Demand; Jefferies, Avian Object
Solar energy technology provider stocks are surging today, and have risen sharply over the last month or so, with First Solar (FSLR) up 36% in that time, SunPower (SPWR) up 32%, Trina Solar (TSL) up 57%, Yingli Green Energy (YGE) up 42%, and Suntech Power Holdings (STP) up 74%, to name just a few of the more prominent cases.
The proximate cause of today's rally is a note by Deutsche Bank's Vishal Shah, who wrote that his checks suggest demand is increasing, as evident in rising utilization of solar module factories:
Recent checks across the solar supply chain indicate further confirmation of preliminary signs of a pick-up in demand. Utilization rates are increasing and poly prices could likely increase further in Feb. Demand pick-up in multiple markets appears to be the primary driver of recent strength in fundamentals. Tier 1 companies in China, Taiwan and Korea are seeing increasing bookings momentum and as such are currently running at ~100% utilization. Downstream companies in Europe are also seeing rising orders and as such are likely looking to accelerate module deliveries by paying for air freight.
Any rally like today's naturally brings out the bears.
Mark Bachman with Avian Securities issued some words of advice to the firm, though he didn't produce a formal note on the matter.
In a phone call this afternoon, he told me he advises investors continue to short "the biggest Chinese module producers," including LDK Solar (LDK), Trina, JA Solar (JASO), ReneSola (SOL), and Yingli. Bachman said it's too hard to short STP because it's difficult to borrow the shares.
Bachman's view is that the jump is all about short covering, and that there is no true increase in demand. He sees no change in the lead times on getting modules to Europe, and no change in module pricing, two things that should be increasing if demand is increasing.
Bachman thinks the market is assuming full utilization of module factories without considering that lots of capacity may have been shuttered, in part because of Chinese New Year.
As Bachman puts it, "People are saying there's 100% utilization out there; but if your old model said you could produce 100 modules, and you cut your work force down to the point where you could only make 50 modules, then you could be at full production [utilization] with only 50% of capacity running."
Lastly, he sees subsidy cuts coming in Germany in a couple months, and a possible imposition of duties by the U.S. Commerce Department against module imports to the U.S., perhaps as soon as March 6th.
Likewise, Jefferies & Co.'s Jesse Pichel, who has in past slammed what he called "junk rallies" in solar stocks, today writes that the shares are again up on short covering, "tarted in our view by inaccurate sell side analyst views of improving demand and upcoming Chinese vice premier visit to Washington, which may bring about favorable settlement to the Solarworld trade case," he writes.
European demand "remains weak," writes Pichel, with checks in Germany "confirming that April 1 feed-in-tariff cuts are very much a possibility." He notes module prices in germany remain at €0.60 to €0.65, that "tier 1 inventory is okay, and tier 2 inventory remains excessive."
Pichel adds, "A significant portion of the trading is a result of automated trading by quant funds, as well as by retail buyers."


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Thank you to everyone who took the time to comment on this article and recommended other great iOS applications which help us to get fit. We've taken a look at all of the suggestions we've received and updated the article below to include a few of the great applications we missed first time round.
Did you promise yourself that 2011 would be the year that you would get fit? Are you having trouble sticking to your new year's resolution? Well maybe there's an iOS app that will make things a little easier for you. Here's our list of the best iOS apps that may help you succeed on your quest to get fit.
So that you don't just forget about your resolution by the end of January, we've compiled a great list of iOS apps that will help you stick to your targets and achieve your goals. We've divided them up in to the most popular resolutions, and in this post we'll look at the best iOS apps to help you get fit. We've chosen apps that will suggest great workouts and exercises, that will help track your runs, and those that will motivate you to get moving.
Check them out after the break and get help to get fit this year!


text: Well i am new here but not new to guns. I also have been looking at xdm's and i don't know if i would say that is a great price but it is very fair. That is really close to the prices i have seen in my area and some of the internet sites that sell guns. From what i have seen they range from around $575-$650. Hope this helps a little.


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Book signing features UTSA's Sharon Navarro
(Nov. 7, 2008)--UTSA President Ricardo Romo will host a book signing and reception to introduce a new book, "Latina Legislator: Leticia Van de Putte and the Road to Leadership," by Sharon Navarro, UTSA assistant professor of political science and geography. Free and open to the public, the event is 4-6 p.m., Wednesday, Nov. 12 at the San Antonio Central Library auditorium, 600 Soledad.
Today's headlines
- La Prensa Foundation is newest member of UTSA Lone Star Society
- UTSA alumna Jordan Kaufmann wins $50K for new stent-graft start-up
- UTSA begins new way-finding sign installation this summer at Main Campus
- USA Today: UTSA long jumper Tyler Williamson rescues three-year-old boy
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At the event, meet Navarro and State Sen. Leticia Van de Putte. The author will be available to sign books.
Published by Texas A&M University Press Consortium, the book tells the story of the Texas 11. In late 2003, Van de Putte led 10 other Texas Senate Democrats to New Mexico as part of a protest against a Republican redistricting plan. The walkout of the Texas 11 made national headlines; it also deprived the state senate of a quorum and temporarily froze all legislative action.
In the book, Navarro discusses how the dramatic boycott is a fitting image for Van de Putte's life and career. Though she initially ran for office on a shoestring budget, Van de Putte has successfully authored and sponsored legislation that has reformed the state welfare system, revamped the Juvenile Code and provided a health care safety net for Texas children in Texas. Multiple civic and community groups have recognized her as one of the most effective and influential lawmakers in Texas.
With Van de Putte as her central case study, Navarro assesses the possibilities for other Latina and female legislators. Her analysis of Van de Putte's record provides a context for judging legislative effectiveness and productivity. The book is invaluable for those interested in Texas and regional politics as well as women's and ethnic studies.
Navarro earned a Ph.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin at Madison. She is the co-author of "Politicas," co-editor of "Latin American Political Participation" and a number of journal articles. She is currently working on a co-edited volume with UTSA Associate Professor Rodolfo Rosales, titled "Latino Urban Agency," and her second book, "Latinas Rising: Latinas in the Texas Judiciary." Her research focuses on Latina/Latino politics, urban and ethnic politics, and women in politics.
For planning purposes, reserve a seat at the book signing by calling Tiffany Champion at (210) 733-6604.


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Enlarge image
Hex V, 2009
Myfanwy MacLeod
Canadian, 1961
enamel on wood
122 x 122 cm
Purchased 2010
National Gallery of Canada (no. 43078)
These paintings draw on folk art traditions - specifically those of Eastern Pennsylvania Dutch descendants - of marking barns and objects such as bibles and pottery with hex symbols. In re-interpreting the geometric forms and symbols of the style, the artist contracted professional sign-painter Albert Nickel to execute the final productions exhibited here. This decision is consistent with the process of minimalist artists who often had their designs fabricated by an industrial manufacturer. While some view these signs as merely decorative, others attest to their power to ward off evil and yield a good harvest. Macleod translates them into artworks that can be viewed through an aesthetic and conceptual lens.
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Thanks Tippi. I was actually responding to pangtongfan's post that said Alissa had another injury after the two hip surgeries, which I don't think she has, or at least not one that has been made public. The calf injury prior to her hip being diagnosed was apparently something that was caused by the torn labrum in the hip to compensate for the hip instability. The second time around she dislocated her hip (not sure if the labrum was torn again), but the dislocation itself is something that can happen easily for people who have had labral tears. Even if she had taken extra time to recover, I'm not sure it could've necessarily been prevented, and she did take a good 6 months to come back to competition. From seeing her short and long program at that Wisconsin competition prior to the fall on the flip, she actually looked in very good shape and seemed to have recovered quite well from the initial surgery.
Kavaguti's injury was a dislocated SHOULDER which in itself is hard to heal, but far less disruptive to a career than a torn hip labrum. Surgery can permanently correct a dislocated shoulder.
Right now, K/S's problem is Smirnov's injury and recovery, not hers.
Alissa appeared in a Detroit skating show this weekend. She did her SP from Regionals, with just one jump, the 2A.
Even if she's totally healthy AND EVEN INJURY-FREE -- and her hips don't bother her at all -- no. She's finished. She was never a fierce competitor and her jumps were so iffy. You need both to be successful.
This topic is irrelevant, because Alissa doesn't plan to compete anymore. I saw her skate at the DSC Champions Ice Revue last weekend, and the announcer made it clear that Alissa has decided to end her competitive career and that she plans on skating in shows now.


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How risky is inhalation of organic solvents?
Philip J. Bushnell
To be useful in the context of risk assessment, relations among data sets must be quantitative, so that the likelihood of adverse effects can be estimated, along with its uncertainties. We therefore applied meta-analytical techniques, which enable quantitative comparisons across studies about relations among variables of interest. The first step in such analyses is to survey the existing peer-reviewed literature to determine the scope of existing data that have sufficient information about the exposure to enable application of a PBPK model, and sufficient detail about the measured effects to permit transforming them to a common scale.
Sufficient information was found for four solvents (toluene, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane). The effects of these solvents were studied on tests including choice reaction time (CRT) in humans and rats, visual evoked potentials (VEP) in rats, behavior motivated by food reward in rats, and behavior motivated by avoidance or escape from electric shock in rats. All exposure information was converted via PBPK models to the common metric of solvent concentration in the brain at the time that the behavior or physiology was measured, and each effect was converted to a "behavioral effect" scale that ranged from 0 (no effect) to 1.0 (maximum possible effect). Each measure was then plotted against the estimated molar concentration of the solvent in the brain, and each resulting dose-effect curve was fit to a logistic function that quantified the dose-effect relation (see Figure 4, left).
Three important results emerged from this analysis. First, statistically significant differences were apparent across test methods, which aligned with the strength of the incentive involved in performing the task. Specifically, no incentives were associated with the VEPs generated in rats (red curves), because the response was driven directly by the visual inputs from the eye to the brain; humans performing CRT tests (blue curves) were instructed to respond as quickly as possible, but no consequences for slow responding were imposed during the test, and no feedback was given regarding the accuracy of the choice or speed of the response; rats working for food (green curves) received food only for correct responses, so food rewards elicited accurate responding; and rats pressing levers to avoid or escape electric shock (gray curves) were highly motivated by the punishment associated with errors. This pattern indicates that the incentives involved in a test greatly affect the sensitivity of the measure: When the cost of an error is high, the effect of the solvent is greatly attenuated compared to tests involving weak or absent incentives.
The second important result is that the four solvents did not differ significantly in either the maximum effect they produced or the amount of the solvent (in molar units) required to cause a given effect size (potency). For this reason, the data for the four solvents were combined within each type of measurement, yielding pooled dose-effect functions in the right panel of Figure 4 and their associated uncertainty bands (colored shading indicates 95 percent confidence limits around the curve).
The third important result was the lack of difference between rats and humans in their sensitivity to the effects of the solvents. The data from the human reaction time studies fell among the data for the rat studies, not on either side of them. This result gave us confidence that the animal and human experiments were directly comparable, and the rats were appropriate models for assessing effects in humans.
Despite the consistency of these results across solvents and species, and the comforting plausibility of the role of different incentives to modulate the effects of exposure, all of these effects were obtained at high concentrations that would far exceed Marcie's exposure. How are these high-dose studies relevant to real-world exposures?
To address this question, we examined these effects in relation to the well-known effects of ethanol, which is frequently consumed for its pleasant, anxiety-reducing effects. A great deal is known about the acute effects of ethanol, which closely mirror the acute effects of solvents. One of the effects that these compounds have in common is to slow reaction time. A meta-analysis of the effects of ethanol on reaction time in humans yielded the function shown in the top panel of Figure 5, which plots the size of the effect as a function of blood ethanol concentration (BEC) and its associated confidence limits. The analogous relation for the four combined solvents in Figure 4 is plotted as a function of brain solvent concentration in the bottom, left panel of Figure 5.
Because both solvents and ethanol increase reaction time, and because these dose-effect functions are mathematically quantifiable, it is possible to define a function that describes equivalent effects of solvents and ethanol. This dose-equivalence equation is derived algebraically by setting the two dose-effect functions equal to each other and solving for ethanol dose as a function of solvent dose. The resulting function (see Figure 5, right) describes the locus of doses of both ethanol and solvents that produce effects of the same magnitude. For example, equal increases in reaction time will occur at 0.036 gram per deciliter BEC and 10 micromoles of solvent, and at 0.08 grams per deciliter BEC (a typical legal limit of intoxication) and 117 micromoles of solvent.
This relation is more than just a curiosity: It allows us to estimate quantitatively effects of solvents in terms of effects of a chemical for which a great deal of public health information is available. For example, a well-documented effect of ethanol ingestion is the propensity of automobile drivers to lose control of their vehicles. Some of these instances cause fatal crashes. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) counts these crashes, and most states in the United States measure the BEC of drivers killed in them. The incidence of single-car fatal crashes in relation to the driver's BEC were compiled for incidents in 1986 and in 1996. These BECs were then compared to the BECs of drivers who had not crashed, but were stopped randomly at checkpoints during the NHTSA's National Roadside Surveys of 1986 and 1996. This analysis revealed a soberingly steep relation between BEC and the risk of a fatal crash (see Figure 6). This curve shows that the relative risk of a fatal car crash increases by about 25 times at the legal limit of ethanol intoxication and by about 600 times at very high BECs.
We then fit a logistic function to this dose-effect relation (see Figure 7, left), averaging values only for drivers 21 years of age and older, and rescaling the effect as the increase in the annual number of fatalities per thousand exposed drivers. Because we know the internal doses of solvents that are equivalent to these internal doses of ethanol (from the dose-equivalence relation in Figure 5), we can now express the increase in the number of fatal car crashes as a function of the internal solvent concentration (see Figure 7, middle). This plot shows the same car crash data in relation to the concentration of a solvent in the brain, with confidence limits around the predicted values that incorporate the uncertainties in both the dose-effect function for solvents and the dose-equivalence relation between ethanol and solvents.
This relation permits us to explore the consequences of exposure to solvents at low concentrations, by focusing on the low end of the curve. The right panel in Figure 7 replots the relation between brain-solvent concentration and fatalities on a linear concentration scale to show that the function starts from zero, indicating that estimates of effects of these low concentrations do not rely on extrapolation beyond the range of the data, but are in fact constrained by measurements at both ends of the range.
What concentrations of an inhaled solvent will increase fatal car crashes by an amount of concern to public health? Of course, the level of concern is a judgment call, but it can be placed in the context of other exposures that clearly do elevate concern for public health. For example, benzene is known to cause leukemia in humans and in animals. The incidence of death from leukemia has been analyzed extensively in a cohort of about 1,700 workers who were exposed to benzene during manufacture of a synthetic packaging material between 1939 and 1960. This "Pliofilm" material was made by dissolving latex in benzene, which then was removed during production of the film, causing exposures of up to 125 parts per million (ppm) at several steps in the process. The incidence of mortality from leukemia was examined across a 45-year period after exposures stopped, to account for the typical 30-year latency period between exposure and death from the disease. These analyses yielded a cumulative incidence of 11 to 12 deaths per thousand exposed workers.
Given that death, either from leukemia or from a fatal collision, is an unacceptable consequence of chemical exposure, and that the 30-year cumulative incidence of mortality from benzene-induced leukemia is about 12 per thousand, how much acute exposure to a solvent would be necessary to increase the 30-year cumulative incidence of mortality from fatal car crashes to that level? To answer this question, we used a human PBPK model to simulate exposures to toluene that would increase its concentrations in the brain to values associated with increased death from fatal car crashes of about 0.5 per year, or 15 per 30 years.
These simulations demonstrated that it takes surprisingly little toluene to elevate the incidence of fatal car crashes to a level commensurate with the incidence of benzene-induced leukemia. Figure 8 shows the results of simulating a reasonable exposure scenario at three different concentrations of toluene. A healthy person exercising at the rate of a moderate walk (100 watts) and breathing toluene for 2 hours at 0.42 ppm would elevate his or her brain toluene concentration to about 0.45 micromoles. From the function plotted in Figure 8, this concentration corresponds to just over 0.5 annual fatalities per thousand exposed drivers, as shown on the right-hand vertical axis of Figure 8.
This concentration of toluene exceeds estimates of ambient concentrations in the U.S. (about 0.001 ppm), and of estimated personal exposure in the general public, but is lower than the EPA's Reference Concentration (RfC) for toluene (1.06 ppm), and far lower than typical occupational standards (50 ppm averaged over an 8-hour work day). Note that the RfC (for any chemical) is defined as "an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily inhalation exposure of the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime"( http://www.epa.gov/iris/help_ques.htm#whatiris). That is, RfCs are derived from information on the hazard of chronic exposure to a chemical and do not account for potential effects of acute exposure, which our analysis identified as another potential risk.
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