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UT System Chancellor Francisco G. Cigarroa, M.D.
Chancellor announces UT System flex hiring freeze
(Feb. 13, 2009)--University of Texas System Chancellor Francisco G. Cigarroa, M.D., announced Feb. 10 a systemwide flexible hiring freeze for non-faculty positions and plans to recommend to the UT System Board of Regents a freeze of senior executive salaries at all 15 academic and health institutions and the UT System administration.
Today's headlines
- La Prensa Foundation is newest member of UTSA Lone Star Society
- UTSA alumna Jordan Kaufmann wins $50K for new stent-graft start-up
- UTSA begins new way-finding sign installation this summer at Main Campus
- USA Today: UTSA long jumper Tyler Williamson rescues three-year-old boy
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The hiring freeze is effective immediately and is anticipated to remain in place through August 2010. The chancellor also plans to recommend a senior executive compensation freeze for FY 2010 to the UT System Board of Regents' compensation committee and the full board.
The decisions were made after consultation with the campus presidents and senior UT System officials. The proposed executive salary freeze would include the chancellor, the 15 campus presidents, the executive vice chancellors and vice chancellors, who have all agreed to the plan.
"The leadership of the UT System and its institutions are keenly sensitive to the current economic climate, which has touched every corner of our great state and nation," Cigarroa said. "Just as Texans are tightening their belts, so must we."
Cigarroa directed UT System institution presidents to implement a flexible hiring freeze immediately for all current and future vacant non-faculty positions. A flexible freeze permits institution presidents to decide locally which positions should be frozen and to issue guidelines to ensure that positions critical to the ongoing mission of the institution continue to be filled.
"Institution presidents will have the ability to determine what positions are mission critical for immediate and future hiring to maintain the teaching, research, health and patient care services provided by the institution. I am not dictating to them what positions to fill -- only that the hiring decisions be carefully scrutinized at the appropriate level of the institution," Cigarroa said.
Cigarroa also asked presidents to work with their respective provosts and deans to carefully review faculty recruitment initiatives.
"Faculty and staff are critical to the success of all UT institutions and it is important that we strive for organizational effectiveness such that we remain in the position to attract national and international talent to our institutions, thereby advancing excellence and benefiting our students," Cigarroa said.
Additionally, Cigarroa called for the campuses to convene task forces to review and enhance organizational effectiveness, productivity and cost containment measures.
In recent weeks, the UT System has taken steps to reduce travel, including trimming 20 percent of systemwide meetings requiring travel.
"We feel it is necessary that the UT System and its institutions continue to do their part to examine their campus operations and identify savings that could contribute to a solution to the state's economic challenges," he added.
For more information, contact Anthony P. de Bruyn or Matt Flores at (512) 499-4363.
About the University of Texas System
The University of Texas System is one of the nation's largest higher education systems with nine academic campuses and six health institutions. The UT System has an annual operating budget of $11.5 billion (FY 2009) including $2.5 billion in sponsored programs funded by federal, state, local and private sources.
Student enrollment exceeded 194,000 in the 2007 academic year. The UT System confers more than one-third of the state's undergraduate degrees and educates nearly three-fourths of the state's health care professionals annually. With more than 81,000 employees, the UT System is one of the largest employers in Texas.


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this wiki
A micro-wormhole was a wormhole of much smaller size than their counterparts. A micro-wormhole could have originally been of a much greater size, but was in an advanced state of collapse, and over time had degraded and shrunk to a smaller size.
In 2371, the USS Voyager discovered a naturally-occurring micro-wormhole thirty centimeters in diameter. The wormhole led from the Delta Quadrant to Romulan space (in the past). The crew gave the wormhole the name Harry Kim wormhole. (VOY: "Eye of the Needle")
In 2376, the Pathfinder Project at Starfleet Communications was able to create a temporary, artificial micro-wormhole using the MIDAS array, to briefly communicate with Voyager over 30,000 light years away in the Delta Quadrant. (VOY: "Pathfinder")

subset: commoncrawl


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A new era in the understanding of the human brain began today when United States President Barack Obama announced a US$100 million research initiative to start mapping the neural circuitry of the mind.
The aim is to understand what goes wrong in a range of debilitating neurological conditions, from childhood autism to Alzheimer's disease, and provide new treatments and possibly cures for brain disorders that have become the biggest medical burden in the developed world.
Although the funding for Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies is relatively small, Obama said it would start a field of endeavour similar to the US$3.6 billion ($4.2 billion) human genome project to map the complete DNA sequence of man.
The Brain initiative is directed at mapping the neural circuits of the brain with novel technologies such as tiny nanosensors and wireless fibre-optic tools, in conjunction with more traditional methods such as magnetic resonance imaging.
"Many of the most devastating human brain disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia, only seem to emerge when large-scale assemblies of neurons are involved," said Dr Terry Sejnowski, an eminent neuroscientist at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California."Other terrible conditions such as blindness and paralysis result from disruptions in circuit connections. The more precise our information about specific circuits, the more we will understand what went wrong, where it went wrong and how to target therapies."
The Brain initiative will be orchestrated by America's federal research institutes in co-operation with the private sector. This year, the European Commission set up announced the Human Brain Project, one of two flagship science programmes involving more than 80 research institutions from across Europe with a budget of €1.19 billion.
- Independent


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Tampa Hotel Guide
Tampa is Florida's third largest city with a population of 350,000. Tampa vacations provide a variety of activities for people of all ages, from museums to amusement parks. The city is also a port for cruises from Tampa to Mexico and the Caribbean. Hotels in Tampa, FL are available for cruise passengers coming into town. Visitors have a broad range of hotels in Tampa from luxury hotels, 5 star resorts and downtown hotels. A number of airlines offer flights to Tampa here on Expedia.com.
Tampa Hotels
Budget travelers can find a number of cheap hotel deals in Tampa. Some of the best hotels in Tampa for these travelers include hotels near Busch Gardens, Tampa airport hotels and downtown hotels. Others visitors may prefer more upscale accommodations. Luxury hotels and resorts often lie outside the city limits, further away from popular attractions. A rental car can be booked through the Expedia.com website.
Busch Gardens Tampa Bay is an amusement park with an African theme that covers 335 acres. It contains a number of water rides, roller coasters, animal encounters, shopping and dining facilities. Adventure Island is another amusement park with waterfalls, wave pool, lazy river, water slides, jungle gyms, and volleyball courts. The Florida Aquarium in Tampa offers young and old alike a chance to enjoy the underwater world in an up-close fashion. Tampa's Lowry Park Zoo is another popular attraction for both children and adults. The Museum of Science and Industry offers an afternoon of interesting, hands-on entertainment that stretches the mind. Visitors can also take a cruise from Tampa Bay to encounter dolphins and other sea life. For those with more cultural tastes, the Tampa Museum of Art and Henry Plant Museum provides a look at fine art, sculpture and other items. The Glazer Children's Museum offers younger travelers a fun afternoon exploring exhibits tailored for their tastes.


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Saturday, February 03, 2007
What Connectivism Is
At its heart, connectivism is the thesis that knowledge is distributed across a network of connections, and therefore that learning consists of the ability to construct and traverse those networks.
It shares with some other theories a core proposition, that knowledge is not acquired, as though it were a thing. Hence people see a relation between connectivism and constructivism or active learning (to name a couple).
Where connectivism differs from those theories, I would argue, is that connectivism denies that knowledge is propositional. That is to say, these other theories are 'cognitivist', in the sense that they depict knowledge and learning as being grounded in language and logic.
Connectivism is, by contrast, 'connectionist'. Knowledge is, on this theory, literally the set of connections formed by actions and experience. It may consist in part of linguistic structures, but it is not essentially based in linguistic structures, and the properties and constraints of linguistic structures are not the properties and constraints of connectivism.
In connectivism, a phrase like 'constructing meaning' makes no sense. Connections form naturally, through a process of association, and are not 'constructed' through some sort of intentional action. And 'meaning' is a property of language and logic, connoting referential and representational properties of physical symbol systems. Such systems are epiphenomena of (some) networks, and not descriptive of or essential to these networks.
Hence, in connectivism, there is no real concept of transferring knowledge, making knowledge, or building knowledge. Rather, the activities we undertake when we conduct practices in order to learn are more like growing or developing ourselves and our society in certain (connected) ways.
This implies a pedagogy that (a) seeks to describe 'successful' networks (as identified by their properties, which I have characterized as diversity, autonomy, openness, and connectivity) and (b) seeks to describe the practices that lead to such networks, both in the individual and in society (which I have characterized as modeling and demonstration (on the part of a teacher) and practice and reflection (on the part of a learner)).
Response to comments by Tony Forster
A link to my paper 'An Introduction to Connective Knowledge' will help with some of the comments in this post (long, sorry).
Tony writes, "Knowledge is not learning or education, and I am not sure that Constructivism applies only to propositional learning nor that all the symbol systems that we think with have linguistic or propositional characteristics. "
I think it would be very difficult to draw out any coherent theory of constructivism that is not based on a system with linguistic or propositional characteristics. (or as I would prefer to say, a 'rule-based representational system').
Tony continues, "The Constructivist principle of constructing understandings is an important principle because it has direct implications for classroom practice. For me it goes much further than propositional or linguistic symbol systems."
What is it to 'construct an understanding' if it does not involve:
- a representational system, such as language, logic, images, or some other physical symbol set (ie., a semantics)
- rules or mechanisms for creating entities in that representational system (ie., a syntax)?
Again, I don't think you get a coherent constructivist theory without one of these. I am always open to be corrected on this, but I would like to see an example.
Tony continues, "I am disturbed by your statement that "in connectivism, there is no real concept of transferring knowledge, making knowledge, or building knowledge" I believe that if Connectivism is a learning theory and not just a connectedness theory, it should address transferring understand, making understanding and building understanding."
This gets to the core of the distinction between constructivism and connectivism (in my view, at least).
In a representational system, you have a thing, a physical symbol, that stands in a one-to-one relationship with something: a bit of knowledge, an 'understanding', something that is learned, etc.
In representational theories, we talk about the creation ('making' or 'building') and transferring of these bits of knowledge. This is understood as a process that parallels (or in unsophisticated theories, is) the creation and transferring of symbolic entities.
Connectivism is not a representational theory. It does not postulate the existence of physical symbols standing in a representational relationship to bits of knowledge or understandings. Indeed, it denies that there are bits of knowledge or understanding, much less that they can be created, represented or transferred.
This is the core of connectivism (and its cohort in computer science, connectionism). What you are talking about as 'an understanding' is (at a best approximation) distributed across a network of connections. To 'know that P' is (approximately) to 'have a certain set of neural connections'.
To 'know that P' is, therefore, to be in a certain physical state - but, moreover, one that is unique to you, and further, one that is indistinguishable from other physical states with which it is co-mingled.
Tony continues, "Connectivism should still address the hard struggle within of deep thinking, of creating understanding. This is more than the process of making connections."
No, it is not more than the process of making connections. That's why learning is at once so simple it seems it should be easily explained and so complex that it seems to defy explanation (cf. Hume on this). How can learning - something so basic that infants and animals can do it - defy explanation? As soon as you make learning an intentional process (that is, a process that involves the deliberate creation of a representation) you have made these simple cases difficult, if not impossible, to understand.
That's why this is misplaced: "For example, we could launch into connected learning in a way which which forgets the lessons of constructivism and the need for each learner to construct their own mental models in an individualistic way."
The point is:
- there are no mental models per se (that is, no systematically constructed rule-based representational systems)
- and what there is (ie., connectionist networks) is not built (like a model) it is grown (like a plant)
When something like this is said, even basic concepts as 'personalization' change completely.
In the 'model' approach, personalization typically means more: more options, more choices, more types of tests, etc. You need to customize the environment (the learning) the fit the student.
In the 'connections' approach, personalization typically means less: fewer rules, fewer constraints. You need to grant the learner autonomy within the environment.
So there's a certain sense, I think, in which the understandings of previous theories will not translate well into connectivism, for after all, even basic words and concepts acquire new meaning when viewed from the connectivist perspective.
Response (1) to Bill Kerr
Bill Kerr writes, "It seems that building and metacognition are talked about in George's version but dismissed or not talked about in Stephen's version."
Well, it's kind of like making friends.
George talks about deciding what people make useful friends, how to make connections with those friends, building a network of those friends.
I talk about being open to ideas, communicating your thoughts and ideas, respecting differences and letting people live their lives.
Then Bill comes along and says that George is talking about making friends but Stephen just ignores it.
Bill continues, "Either the new theory is intended to replace older theories... Or, the new theory is intended to complement older theories. By my reading, Stephen is saying the former and George is saying the latter but I'm not sure."
We want to be more precise.
Any theory postulates the existence of some entities and the non-existence of others. The most celebrated example is Newton's gravitation, which postulated the existence of 'mass' and the non-existence of 'impetus'.
I am using the language of 'mass'. George, in order to make his writing more accessible, (sometimes) uses the language of 'impetus'. (That's my take, anyways).
Response (2) to Bill Kerr
Bill Kerr writes, "Words / language are necessary to sustain long predictive chains of thought, eg. to sustain a chain or combination of pattern recognition. This is true in chess, for example, where the player uses chess notation to assist his or her memory."
This is not true in chess.
I once played a chess player who (surprisingly to me) turned out to be far my superior (it was a long time ago). I asked, "how do you remember all those combinations?"
He said, "I don't work in terms of specific positions or specific sequences. Rather, what I do is to always move to a stronger position, a position that can be seen by recognizing the patterns on the board, seen as a whole."
See, that's the difference between a cognitivist theory and a connectionist theory. The cognitivist thinks deeply by reasoning through a long sequence of steps. The non-cognitivist thinks deeply by 'seeing' more intricate and more subtle patterns. It is a matter of recognition rather than inference.
That's why this criticism, "Words / language are necessary to sustain long predictive chains of thought," begs the question. It is leveled against an alternative that is, by definition, non-linear, and hence, does not produce chains of thought.
Response (3) to Bill Kerr
Bill Kerr writes, "I don't see how what you are saying is helpful at the practical level, the ultimate test for all theories."
This is kind of like saying that the theory of gravity would not be true were there no engineers to use it to build bridges.
This is absurd, of course. I am trying to describe how people learn. If this is not 'practical', well, that's not my fault. I didn't make humans.
In fact, I think there are practical consequences, which I have attempted to detail at length elsewhere, and it would be most unfair to indict my own theoretical stance without taking that work into consideration.
I have described, for example, the principles that characterize successful networks in my recent paper presented to ITForum (I really like Robin Good's presentation of the paper - much nicer layout and graphics). These follow from the theory I describe and inform many of the considerations people like George Siemens have rendered into practical prescriptions.
And I have also expounded, in slogan form, a basic theory of practice: 'to teach is to model and demonstrate, to learn is to practice and reflect.'
No short-cuts, no secret formulas, so simple it could hardly be called a theory. Not very original either. That, too, is not my fault. That's how people teach and learn, in my view.
Which means that a lot of the rest of it (yes, including 'making meaning') is either (a) flim-flammery, or (more commonly) (b) directed toward something other than teaching and learning. Like, say power and control.
Bill continues, "Stephen, your position on intentional stance sounds similar to Churchland's position on eliminative materialism."
Quite right, and I have referred to him in some of my other work.
"Other materialist philosophers, such as Dennett, argue that we can discuss in terms of intentional stance provided it doesn't lead to question begging interpretations."
Well, yes, but this is tricky.
It's kind of like saying, "Well, for the sake of convenience, we can talk about fairies and pixie dust as though they are the cause of the magical events in our lives." Call it "the magical stance".
But now, when I am given a requirement to account for the causal powers of fairies, or when I need to show what pixie dust is made of (at the cost of my theory being incoherent) I am in a bit of a pickle (not a real pickle, of course).
The same thing for "folk psychology" - the everyday language of knowledge and beliefs Dennett alludes to. What happens when these concepts, as they are commonly understood, form the the foundations of my theory?
"Knowledge is justified true belief," says the web page. Except, it isn't. The Gettier problems make that pretty clear. So when pressed to answer a question like, 'what is knowledge' (as though it could be a thing) my reponse is something like "a belief we can't not have." Like 'knowing' where Waldo is in the picture after we've found him. It's like recognition. And what is 'a belief'? A certain set of connections in the brain. Except not that these statements entail that there is no particular thing that is 'a bit of knowledge' or 'a belief'.
Yeah, you can talk in terms of knowledge and beliefs. But it requires a lot of groundwork before it becomes coherent.
Bill continues, "Even though we don't understand 'constructing meaning' clearly we can still advise students in certain ways that will help them develop something that they didn't have before."
What, like muscles?
Except, they always had muscles.
Better muscles? Well, ok. But then what do I say? "Practice."
"I think it's more useful and practical to operate on that basis, for example, Papert's advice on 'learning to learn' which he called mathetics still stands up well."
But what if they're wrong? What if they are exactly the wrong advice? Or moreover, what if they have to do with the structures of power and control that have developed in our learning environments, rather than having anything to do with learning at all?
"Play is OK" has to do with power and control, for example. "Play fosters learning" is a different statement, much more controversial, and yet more descriptive, because play is (after all) practice.
"The emotional precedes the cognitive." Except that I am told by psychologists that "the fundamental principle underlying all of psychology is that the idea - the thought - precedes the emotion."
And so on. Each of these aphorisms sound credible, but when held up to the light, are not well-grounded. And hence, not practical.
15 comments:
That was tought provoking. I was interested in your chess analogy - regardless of the way your chess partner described how he looked for way of knowing thea thte next move would be - he would draw on complex networks of understading about chess moves. These may not be particularly apparent to him at a conscious level, but a novice chess player would not be able to play with such skill (because he/she does not have the cognitive schema for the chess moves)ReplyDelete
Stephen, this is brilliant.ReplyDelete
The most succinct answers I've found yet in your and George's writings, to some of the most difficult epistemological questions.
My favorite line: "It is a matter of recognition rather than inference."
That is one for the ages.
If you haven't seen it yet, I'd very much like you to read my blog, TheConnective. I think we share similar viewpoints.
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
Here's my problem with your ideology, Stephen, which appears to me to be even more radical than constructivism and tries not only to describe or defend a new epistemology, but appears to disrupt social systems as well, in the name of some putative technocommunism that will reign supreme on the Internet with everybody working for nothing and getting everything for free and living happily ever after.ReplyDelete
If that seems extreme or a caricature, I can only say that I can read out into the logic of your statements to see how you are destroying the idea of the university established through the ages.
1. The theory might explain *some* types of learning *about some subjects* in *some situations* -- like opensource groups hacking around together on software. But that doesn't mean you can globalize it and make it apply to every single human endeavour. You can't.
a. I still have to pay a college some tuition if I want a degree -- you might think credentialing is all I buy, but I buy knowledge, too, which is not somehow withheld in some grasping and greedy capitalist manner, but simply requires *paying human beings who know, because teaching is work*. Don't you, as a professor, wish to get paid? Maybe tuitions are inflated; maybe more has to be made free -- these are social policies decided in a democratic society, not by technocrats welding theories into "disruptive technologies".
b. Certain teaching has to occur with certain life situations that aren't endlessly accessible from people who aren't endlessly available on a 24/7 Internet that is itself a reduced form of connection, whatever its marvels. Let's take nursing a baby, for example, which few realize until they've learned it that it is learned behaviour for both mother and child. There's no substitute for having your mother, or more likely, a very well trained and capable lactation nurse, sit with you and the baby and impart the techniques by demonstration and interaction. It is not merely a job of connection, or "proper connection", latching on. It has to do with experience, storage of concepts and "lore," memorizing technique, many elements that only a literalist and reductivist would parse into endless "connectivity".
2. Not content to merely describe how *some* learning *might* be going on in the Internet context (which mainly applies *to technology itself* but not to the content that can fill those new means of communication), you now manufacture a pedagogy out of this. It now has to become a learning doctrine inflicted on our kids in the schools, although they've already been dumbed down and impaired by the constructivist ideologues for the last decade or more -- and by other variously rewarmed and recycled Ilich or whatever they read in the 1970s to make everything meaningless, relative, and dependent only on child-centric operations that lead nowhere, as they can't fill with content or demand any standard.
3. There's a lot that seems not to be captured by this doctrine. I'm with Tony when he says "Connectivism should still address the hard struggle within of deep thinking, of creating understanding. This is more than the process of making connections."
The process of "enlightenment," if you will, for lack of a better term ("recognition" isn't adequate), isn't just connecting dots; it's a process of intelligence -- human intelligence making sense of the myriad connections, and you cannot reduce intelligence to connections -- comprehension, awareness, memory -- these faculties are all about something higher than mere connections that does indeed depend on three things that constructivists seem to destroy or deny:
a. Created cultural and knowledge context -- institutions. Hey, they aren't evil. They work. They are not "all broken" as the "personal democracy" networkers imagine.
b. Authority -- established by actual practice, experience, being proven right etc. Again, not inherently evil, but necessary in a democratic society to prevent the endless tyranny of a zillion subjectivities claiming decentralized or nodic "authority" just by showing up.
c. Tradition -- while opensourceniks imagine they have utterly escaped anything that seems oppressive and old-fashioned or "Luddite," in fact they create even more rigid doctrines and rituals. Tradition does help create a knowledge context and means of conveyance that does work.
You try to reduce all learning and intelligent comprehension to mere connections by denying intentionality or implying recognition is merely linkage of connections. And yet without intent and will to apply to what is indeed discrete bits of knowledge relayed by others, you won't learn.
If Connectivism were true, merely exposing children to the facts scattered around on the vasty Internet or on a whiteboard or Smartboard would be enough. It isn't.
4. I don't believe that each learner is reconstructing reality, either, so I don't suffer from the problems which Connectivism is trying to solve with its even more radical critique of Constructivism. Connectivism is borrowing from and relying on the same destructive deconstructivism of Constructivism that says each constructs a thing anew.
5. I sense in the "pixie dust" remarks an inability to be content with any mystery of the universe that isn't reduced by the reductivist mind -- which isn't the same thing as the eternally curious scientific mind. I'm going to have to insist on the magic of cognition just to derail your reductivism because it's incomplete.
6. "the structures of power and control that have developed in our learning environments."
Here we go again. As if structures of power and control are always and everywhere "evil" or to be avoided in the name of endless Connectivist anarchy with each one creating a node in a network so as to undermine the Man. First of all, by moderating blogs or creating courses you yourself can't escape structures and power -- and that's ok. Structures and powers are natural human inclinations and needs, and writing them out of an ideology itself merely creates a new unaccountable structure and abusive power more deeply hidden and dysfunctional.
Nothing like a good dust-up to get the mind's gears turning. "In the name of some putative technocommunism...." is priceless.ReplyDelete
Catfitz and Stephen both make wonderful contributions. They would be more powerful if they admitted that many of these issues have shades of gray.
We can beat this horse to death or just agree to disagree.ReplyDelete
I have found working with a variety of learners that each has their own connectedness to learning. It is often intangible but there anyway. It is not just for a wired learner but for all learners. Connectivity comes through a variety of media. The global network of chess, the ear for music or engine tuning are all forms of connectivity.
Thank you for this post, Stephen.ReplyDelete
As a newbie to connectivism, I have posted a blog article to share my interpretation: http://is.gd/dUJ7
I'd appreciate a nod from you (or otherwise!) to let me know whether I'm on the right track.
Hi Stephen, After reading your excellent post and all comments from others, I am more than convinced on the approach towards connectivism, in that it could add a new dimension towards learning, and help in understanding how we learn in a networked environment, especially the complex digital adaptive ecology.ReplyDelete
First, as you have stated in various presentations, connectivist approach encourages and builds on connections, where learning is viewed as ontology rather than a static view. Second, different views under a connectivist approach is a healthy one, which to me also encourages each of us to reflect more deeply on the values of communication and interaction, and the importance of sharing of tacit and explicit (views/knowledge) in the learning process. Your example on chess playing illustrates the importance of pattern recognition, not mere knowledge per se. I resonate your views when I played with Chinese Chess. It's the strategy that wins and the establishment of pattern which is the fun behind, not the one or two steps that lie ahead that determines the pattern, or the "knowledge" in playing chess.
May be what makes a fundamental difference with connectivism to all other approaches or theories would be that its application in external digital and virtual social networking and educational networks in particular, where we may not be seeing each other face to face, and so all those "meaningful learning in a tradtional teaching" doesn't translate into a reality.
I could sense the friction coming out of some of the interactions above, especially with the notion of techno-communism from CatFitz point of view, which sounds interesting.
I would applaud Stephen in sharing this important message on connectivism, where technology is acclerating and enhancing the mode of learning across the networks and individuals, even if people don't want to see or accept connectivism as a new learning theory. Time will tell.
connection is that "click" momentReplyDelete
Here http://netz-werker.blogspot.com/2011/08/our-word-morph-network.html is a nice illustration for your thesis that "learning consists of the ability to construct and traverse those networks" by a Heidelberg scientist.ReplyDelete
and are not 'constructed' through some sort of intentional action. And 'meaning' is a property of language and logic, connoting referential and representational properties of physical symbol systems
Even (radical) constructivism is NOT about intentionally constructing/designing some"thing". This is just a misinterpretation caused by letters in a word. In German there is a noun "Konstruktion" which would suggest something like engineering or design. Kontruktivismus (counstructivism) relates to the adjective "konstruktiv" which does NOT suggest deliberate or intentional processes per se. To express an intentional process you could go for "konstruiert" (constructed? construed?). You see, there is no need for another theory if one refers to the original sources of constructivism (von Glasersfeld, von Foerster).
Radical constructivism is all about arguing AGAINST the idea of a representation that "imprints" or "instructs" the internal biological structures more or less directly from "reality". Relating (radical) constructivism (von Glasersfeld) to rule besed systems is, sorry, complete nonsense! Those guys developed constructivism because they experiences as researchers that rule based systems FAILED in learning challenges!
see also
My experience with constructivism is, for every sentence P that I refute, where P is a proposition asserted by a constructivist, there is another constructivist that asserts not-P, who then argues that I have misinterpreted constructivism. Thus now I am held to task even for holding that constructivism is constructivism.ReplyDelete
In the case of this particular exegsis, you seem to be very troubled by my use of the word 'thing', as in "Even (radical) constructivism is NOT about intentionally constructing/designing some 'thing'". But in English at least, 'thing' does not have physicalist connotations, and so what I've said here in no way suggests anything like engineering or design.
Instead of attacking my interpretation of constructivism, which is utterly pointless, tell me what you *do* believe (if anything) and I will respond to that. Such a response for be in the form of statements or assertions, not of the form of non-specific references to von Glasersfeld or other authors.
I was especially relating to this paragraph of yours:ReplyDelete
"In connectivism, a phrase like 'constructing meaning' makes no sense. Connections form naturally, through a process of association, and are not 'constructed' through some sort of intentional action. And 'meaning' is a property of language and logic, connoting referential and representational properties of physical symbol systems. Such systems are epiphenomena of (some) networks, and not descriptive of or essential to these networks."
The "rule besed systems" connection was in some of the comments.
So it is not about "attacking" someone but about giving input to a discourse and trying to reduce misunderstandings (which obviously did not work in this case).
thanks information edukasi, visit my blog, and join contes Sitti IndonesiaReplyDelete
hi i'm from indonesia. nice blogReplyDelete


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The colony selected for testing was one started from a Bee Weaver package in June 2012 that over wintered well. The colony was fed sugar syrup during initial buildup but nothing since. No mite treatments or any other type of treatments. They did get a pollen patty around Labor Day this year.
5/18 - 1 mite
6/21 - 1 mite (colony swarmed sometime between 5/18 and 6/21)
7/19 - no mites
8/20 - 2 mites
9/20 - 5 mites
if it is warm enough in a few days I will do another mite count - it has been warm here for fall but we have had a few killing frosts. 47 degrees F here this morning.
Samples were half cup (roughly 300 bees) taken from the brood nest (or in the post swarm test, where the brood nest was)
This colony made almost two shallow supers of surplus and has gathered what I judge adequate pollen and nectar stores for the upcoming winter. Of the 8 colonies I started of BeeWeaver bees in 2012, 3 over wintered successfully. This summer I made up 3 nucs from the other two BeeWeaver Colonies using BeeWeaver Queens to get the yard count to six colonies. I plan to get this yard back to 8 in 2014. The nucs are now in two 5 frame over 5 frame boxes.
As I have previously said on this forum, BeeWeaver bees seem to be a work in progress - you get some great ones and some not quite ready for prime time ones. TF bees go queenless and sometimes fail to gather enough pollen and nectar for winter just like any other bees.
In temperament they are occasionally "testy;" I always wore gloves when doing the mite tests, and I was generally glad to have done so.
My definition for success in this yard is survival and production of surplus honey. The hive I tested has done that. I don't know if I will count mites on this hive next year.


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Bel-Red Mini Park
Address: 12300 Bel-Red Road Hours: Dawn to dusk Amenities: Picnic area, 0.31 acres. Directions: From I-405, take NE 8th Street exit east. Turn left on 124th Avenue NE. Turn left on NE 10th. Park is on the right.
Parks & Community Services
450 110th Ave. NE
P.O. Box 90012
Bellevue, WA 98009
Phone: 425-452-6885
Fax: 425-452-7221


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No junction selected
You are here: Home » Bad Junctions » No junction selected
No junction has been selected so I'm afraid this page can't show you anything. The best thing to do is probably just to go back to the main Bad Junctions page, select one from the menu, and start again. Or you can use the little drop-down menu in the top corner of this page.
Either way, I think we're finished here.


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Get the Wolves newsletter
10:20 23rd April 2013
Two special shirt offers for fans
The new 2013/14 season home and away strips, produced by PUMA, have been revealed.
Click here for behind-the-scenes video of the photo shoot.
The new home kit stays true to Wolves' iconic gold and black colours, yet is a striking new design, which benefits from the much-welcomed decision of What House? – the Club's new Main Sponsor - to change their normal brand colours from red to black.
The PUMA King shirt, includes the famous two stripes within the neckline, representing the passion and loyalty of the fans. The King name derives from the most iconic football boot associated with PUMA's long football heritage and has been worn by some of the game's greatest players.
The away kit is a modern all purple with a white trim. This new colour follows predominantly blue, white and black away kits in previous seasons. The adult shirts are £42 and the youth shirts are £30. For the first time in four seasons the junior shirts will include the Main Sponsor's logo, meaning kids' shirts will exactly match the players' strips.
On Thursday 25th April 2013 the Molineux Megastore will be open from 5.30pm – 8pm exclusively to season ticket holders who want to be amongst the very first to get their hands on the new strips .
However, the shirts are now available to order online or in the stores and will be available to collect from the Molineux Megastore at 5.30pm till 7.30pm on Friday 26th April 2013, or 8.00am till 9am on the 27th April 2013 from Dudley Street.
The Megastore will then re-open for sales from Midnight until 2am on the morning of Saturday 27th April 2013 where staff - who would be working anyway to prepare for Saturday's game – will be on hand to assist supporters. The Megastore and Dudley Street store will re-open at 9am on Saturday for sales.
Two Special New Shirt Offers
Any season ticket holder or member purchasing both a new home and away shirt at the same time will earn double Merchandise Cash on their purchase. For example, a supporter purchasing an adult home and adult away shirt together would earn £16.80 in Merchandise Cash to redeem in store at a later date.
In addition Wolves MasterCard have a special offer for card holders. Anyone buying a home shirt on their Wolves MasterCard will get another one absolutely free!*
The offer will be available from 9am on Saturday 27th April 2013 at Molineux Megastore on a first come first served basis as numbers are limited.Click herefor more information.
Representative 18.9% APR variable
Subject to status. Applicants for credit must be aged 18 or over and UK resident. The Wolves MasterCard is issued by Sygma Bank UK, Chadwick House, Blenheim Court, Solihull B91 2AA.
*Terms & Conditions apply.
Gareth Prosser on debuts and development
21 hours 2 mins ago
Back to its former glory
2 days ago
Wolves will travel to Austria for their 2017/18 pre-season trainin....
2 days ago
News on out-of-contract players
5 days ago
Fundraising campaign for pioneering treatment
6 days ago
Wolves Women secure promotion
15 May 2017


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Free 5th Birthday Celebration Downloadable Wallpaper
Your free May wallpaper has arrived! We thought it extra fitting to continue celebrating our 5th Birthday celebrations by using this month's free design and contest freebie as our wallpaper design. You can also win this design on a limited edition Urban Threads T-shirt!
So, lots of ways to get your hands on this baby for free. As a design, as a tee, and now as a chic wallpaper available in the usual formats for your computer desktop, iPad, iPhone 4, iPhone 5, or Android phone. Just click the buttons below to download and load onto your device. Don't fret if you have a different kind of phone or device, one of these is sure to work
Enjoy, and be sure to help us celebrate 5 wonderful years of alternative embroidery by shopping the STOREWIDE sale!


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Home › Forums › Gear Forums › Gear (General) › why i wont buy a ghost whisperer
Sep 23, 2013 at 11:21 am #1307960
After reading the hype about the mountain hardwear ghost whisperer last year i was very keen to pick one up this fall. I thought i would be smart and order early, so three weeks ago i went to my local shop and asked them to special order one for me. I did this because mountain hardwear does not sell direct – for reasons i will get into shortly.
I thought that by ordering in advance i would be sure to secure one of this years models, but after three weeks i decided to contact the company directly and see what the scoop was. I wrote a very reasonable letter explaining my concerns that the local shop was giving me poor service, and asked about the status of the jacket. The response i got was condescending at best, childish at worst. It was left open ended, so i decided to call the phone number attached to the email.
The receptionist answered "columbia sportswear". I was perplexed, i thought i had called mountain hardwear. I asked for the gentleman from my email, and she connected me. Where I was expecting a small business i got a well oiled salesman. In the very short conversation we had I quickly realized that he had no idea, and very little interest in the technical aspects of the products he was selling. After listening to him fumble through his product line, and then come to the realization that the ghost whisperer was not comparable in weight to anything else that he had, he started to deflect me to the columbia sportswear line. At that point i thanked him for his time, and ended our call.
I really had no idea that mountain hardwear was a subsidiary of columbia sportswear. This large company mentality is exactly what turned me off of the north face line years ago. I feel very fortunate that this all came to light before i contributed to yet another of these monstrous mega-companies.
So that is the end of my rant. If anyone knows of an alternative to the ghost whisperer, which is produced by a smaller customer service oriented company please post it as a response. I was hoping to do some fall trekking, but without a decent jacket im grounded.
Not 10 seconds after i posted this I got a call from customer service telling me that they had put a jacket on the truck expedited post. I thought i had cancelled the order, but it looks like i will get one despite my best efforts.
This leaves me with mixed feelings. On one hand I still am not a fan of the massive corporate entities we have these days, but on the other, its nice to know that sometimes a phone call will do some good.Sep 23, 2013 at 11:27 am #2027331
Stephen MBPL Member
@stephen-mLocale: Way up North
Check out the Stoic Hadron.Sep 23, 2013 at 11:30 am #2027332
eric chanBPL Member
many many many "outdoor" companies have been bought out by large corporations …
;)Sep 23, 2013 at 11:31 am #2027333
Thanks for your response. AT the price listed on backcountry gear i think i will pick one up just to try it out.Sep 23, 2013 at 12:02 pm #2027343
And ESpectator
@lunchandynnerLocale: Pacific Northwest
Mountain Hardwear was acquired by Columbia awhile back (maybe a couple years). It does suck when that happens, but the benefit is a larger R&D budget to spend on newer tech for MH that is supported by the sales of everyday Columbia sportswear stuff.
Mountain Hardwear now has some physical stores open, such as the one here in downtown Seattle.Sep 23, 2013 at 12:24 pm #2027352
Dustin ShortBPL Member
Interesting. I knew they were a subsidiary of Columbia, but when I emailed the regarding the unpublished specs of the MHW Hooded Phantom I got a prompt and thorough response from their customer support.
I would probably chalk it up to bad communication/relationship between your local gear shop and MHW/Columbia. Hopefully you'll at least like the jacket. I love my phantom's design and craftsmanship and am looking forward to testing it out this winter (got it on discount this past spring).Sep 23, 2013 at 1:48 pm #2027391
Steven ParisBPL Member
@saparisorLocale: Pacific Northwest
Columbia purchased Mountain Hardwear in 2003, almost 11 years ago. The also own Sorel and Montrail. This is not new information.
"I feel very fortunate that this all came to light before i contributed to yet another of these monstrous mega-companies."
This is an absurd statement. I don't work for Columbia and have never worked in that industry. I do, however, live near their HQ in Beaverton, OR and know several employees. I can't speak to any individual experience with customer service; sometimes customer service is just . . . not good, for any business. And being in Portland, I know a lot of individuals who work in outdoor apparel, including Nike, Adidas (North American HQ is here), Merrell (used to be here before moving to Michigan — they are owned by Wolverine, by the way), etc. and it is a strange business with rapid turnover of clothing lines and a lot of waste (from an outsider's perspective). MHW clothing doesn't always fit me and if a Ghost Whisperer doesn't fit you or is the wrong gear choice or if you get screwed out of money from MHW or a retailer, then you should have some recourse. If you want to spend your money locally, you are free to do so. If there are no products you want that are produced locally, you can complain about that (I guess).
I, for one, am glad a large stable company is here. There are real employees who live here, send their kids to schools here, buy other products here, eat at restaurants here, etc. It's not Gert Boyle and an army of robots who make this stuff! By the way, you should look into Gert Boyle's story; she is a pretty amazing human being.
"I was hoping to do some fall trekking, but without a decent jacket im grounded."
This sounds dramatic. There are plenty of choices; I hope you find one.Sep 23, 2013 at 1:53 pm #2027393
Tjaard BreeuwerBPL Member
@tjaardLocale: Minnesota, USA
Try the smaller, made-in-north-america companies if you want to have any reasonable hope that you'll be talking to someone who knows anything technical about their products.
Nunatak USA
Western Mountaineering
Feathered Friends
At least for down, you have that option, unlike for say, synthetics or baselayers.Sep 23, 2013 at 4:15 pm #2027444
Good point on the rnd. I know that there are some good aspects to large companies, nothing is ever completely black and white.
Thanks for sharing your experience. The other thing i failed to mention is that im in Canada. It often feels like were the farm team up here :) It might account for the different experiences.Sep 23, 2013 at 4:26 pm #2027452
Thanks for your insight. I have been reminded continually since posting this topic why its never a good idea to write in an impassioned state. I was unhappy at the time, and that did seep into my post.
Its good once in a while to have someone point out when you are out of line. Thank you for this sir.
Though i do not agree with all your points on big business, I can understand your viewpoint. In the same way that you chastened me, i think business must be held accountable by their customers. There are many ways to accomplish this, including being critical of them and their practices in a public forum.Sep 23, 2013 at 4:48 pm #2027462
Dale WambaughBPL Member
@dwambaughLocale: Pacific Northwest
There's no escape from Big Business: you get in bed with the big companies even when you buy from a cottage shop. Remember, all those high tech fabrics are made by even bigger mega-conglomerates— unless you are buying fabrics made by fair trade coops on hand looms with organic fibers.
I think you need to take each company on their particular merits and faults. Some are outright social and environmental villains while others are quite fair and conscientious.
Sounds like you found the idiots in their food chain for sure.Sep 23, 2013 at 5:55 pm #2027492
DanBPL Member
@suproLocale: Adirondacks
I've acquired a bunch MHW stuff from STP over the last few years and I've had nothing but good experiences with MHW customer service when calling to inquire about sizing and specs. The reps that I spoke with were generally quite knowledgable (at times even owning the item(s) that I was calling about and offering personal insight).Sep 23, 2013 at 8:44 pm #2027552
Steven ParisBPL Member
@saparisorLocale: Pacific Northwest
"I think business must be held accountable by their customers. There are many ways to accomplish this, including being critical of them and their practices in a public forum."
I agree and I think my post came off as overly-critical. I, too, try to support local, made somewhat easier living in Portland, an urban environment with good access to local food, wine, coffee, goods, transportation, etc. I think it's short-sighted to berate large companies just because they are large companies and also short-sighted to ignore the impacts of what and where a person buys things. I guess Dale summed it up nicely:
"I think you need to take each company on their particular merits and faults. Some are outright social and environmental villains while others are quite fair and conscientious."Sep 23, 2013 at 9:33 pm #2027569
Tony RoncoBPL Member
Hmm, your experience has been very different from mine when I have bought MHW products. I have found their customer service to be knowledgeable, and if they didn't know an answer they were willing to admit that and got back to me with the answer.
apparently YMMV.
… and I didn't follow you on this:
"I did this because mountain hardwear does not sell direct"
Actually, you can buy any MHW product off directly off their website … and I've used their website to procure several pieces directly from them … go figure.Sep 23, 2013 at 10:32 pm #2027597
Ah yes, i did forget to explain this. I live north of the border, and they dont sell online to Canada. I forgot to clarify, and if i had it probably would have saved allot of confusion in other parts of the discussion.
It seems to me that if I just moved to the US all my gear related problems would be solved.Sep 23, 2013 at 11:06 pm #2027602
Daniel PittmanSpectator
@pitsyLocale: Central Texas
Is your name really Forest Walker, or is that just what you do?Sep 24, 2013 at 1:04 am #2027618
J CBPL Member
"Ah yes, i did forget to explain this. I live north of the border, and they dont sell online to Canada. I forgot to clarify, and if i had it probably would have saved allot of confusion in other parts of the discussion."
I never bother with local suppliers/representatives. They are often not enthusiasts and are more interested/adept at in selling products to punters than in the specifics. I've talked to sales reps in shops and found them barely more knowledgeable than many sales assistants.
As far as Ghost Whisperer alternatives:
Montbell UL Down Parka/EX Light Jacket/Plasma 1000
Crux Halo/Pico/Nano (Halo available with optional hood)
PHD Wafer jacket w/ optional hoodSep 24, 2013 at 11:11 pm #2027961
Delmar O'DonnellMember
@bolsterLocale: Between Jacinto & Gorgonio
I don't entirely understand…is the main objection to a company's size? As simple as "big is bad"? If so, you must hate governments, because they are the largest organizations known to humanity.
If on the other hand, you dislike salespeople who are unversed on their own products, then I understand completely. Of course, that can also happen at the smallest businesses.Sep 25, 2013 at 1:11 pm #2028204
Eric BlumensaadtBPL Member
@danepackerLocale: Mojave Desert
Before MH was bought by Colombia I was at a big ski convention (the last one held in Las Vegas). I mentioned to one of the MH reps at the booth that my MH gloves with their then proprietary "breathable" waterproof membrane did NOT breath.
At mid-day while patrolling my MH gloves and hands were WET, dangerously so. When I changed out to my Gore-Tex gloves the problem went away.
The MH rep argued ther their own "BWP" laminate did not have that problem. I said, "So I'm just imagining this problem every time I wear your gloves??"
He fell back on, "This is the first time I've heard of thid problem." line and I walked away in disgust.
I got the same thing from a Nordica booth rep when I complained about their Afterburner skis' top sheet falling apart at the edges. Even afer telling him I saw the very same problem with that model in Mammoth, CA at a rental ski sale he would not admit a problem. Even after telling him My Atomic TM 22 tele skis, which get a LOT more top side edge abuse don't fray he said it was "your skiing style" that caused the damage. AAARRRGGGHHH! What turds those reps can be.
LESSON: Company reps are often "Spin Doctors" and not intertested in criticism of their products or service, whether big or medium sized companies. Cottage industries are another story. Usually very good service and occasionally some flim-flamming.Sep 28, 2013 at 11:11 pm #2029263
Daniel PittmanSpectator
@pitsyLocale: Central Texas
Well Duh… A sales rep at an industry convention isn't gonna shoot you straight. They don't want to deal with complaints at that kind of venue; it's just a meet-and-greet, demo the new gear, hand out some schwag kind of gig. You need to pin them down when they're at their office. Email works good for that. You know they don't want to BS you in an email. With customer service or warranty issues, I always get them to put it in writing.Oct 3, 2013 at 2:01 pm #2030564
Robert KellyBPL Member
@qiwizLocale: UL gear @ QiWiz.net
I can't comment on the company customer support, but I did have the chance earlier this year to get both the GW down jacket and the GW windshirt. The prices are very high. Would not have paid the price unless I got a meaningful discount.
BUT – they are both very nice pieces of gear that I will treasure and expect to use for years. Just back from 12 days in Glacier NP where I used both and was very pleased with weight and performance.Oct 3, 2013 at 2:59 pm #2030578
Valerie EBPL Member
@wildtownerLocale: Grand Canyon State
(Minor thread highjack)
It was really nice to see the OP's willingness to reconsider his original statements after hearing other arguments. All too often nowadays, people lack the moral fortitude it takes to say, "I was wrong" — so kudos to you for having the guts to re-think things, and to say so publicly!
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Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that begins in your bladder — a balloon-shaped organ in your pelvic area that stores urine.
Bladder cancer begins most often in the cells that line the inside of the bladder. Bladder cancer typically affects older adults, though it can occur at any age.
The great majority of bladder cancers are diagnosed at an early stage — when bladder cancer is highly treatable. However, even early-stage bladder cancer is likely to recur. For this reason, bladder cancer survivors often undergo follow-up tests for years after treatment to look for bladder cancer recurrence.
Bladder cancer signs and symptoms may include:
Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you, such as blood in your urine.
It's not always clear what causes bladder cancer. Bladder cancer has been linked to smoking, a parasitic infection, radiation and chemical exposure.
Bladder cancer develops when cells in the bladder begin to grow abnormally. Rather than grow and divide in an orderly way, these cells develop mutations that cause them to grow out of control and not die. These abnormal cells form a tumor.
Different types of cells in your bladder can become cancerous. The type of bladder cell where cancer begins determines the type of bladder cancer. Your bladder cancer type determines which treatments may work best for you.
Types of bladder cancer include:
Some bladder cancers include more than one type of cell.
Factors that may increase your risk of bladder cancer include:
Bladder cancer often recurs. Because of this, bladder cancer survivors often must undergo follow-up testing for years after successful treatment. What tests you'll undergo and how often will depend on your type of bladder cancer and your treatment, among other factors.
Ask your doctor to create a follow-up plan for you. In general, doctors recommend a test to examine the inside of your urethra and bladder (cystoscopy) every three to six months for the first few years after bladder cancer treatment. Then you may undergo cystoscopy every year. Your doctor may recommend other tests at various intervals as well.
People with aggressive cancers may undergo more frequent testing. Those with less aggressive cancers may undergo testing less often.
Start by seeing your family doctor or a primary doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you. Your doctor may suggest tests and procedures to investigate your signs and symptoms.
If your doctor suspects you may have bladder cancer, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of the urinary tract (urologist). In some cases, you may be referred to other specialists, such as doctors who treat cancer (oncologists).
Because appointments can be brief, and because there's often a lot of ground to cover, it's a good idea to be well-prepared. Here's some information to help you get ready, and what to expect from your doctor.
Your time with your doctor is limited, so preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of your time together. List your questions from most important to least important in case time runs out. For bladder cancer, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:
In addition to the questions that you've prepared to ask your doctor, don't hesitate to ask other questions that occur to you.
Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions. Being ready to answer them may allow time later to cover other points you want to address. Your doctor may ask:
Tests and procedures used to diagnose bladder cancer may include:
Once it's confirmed that you have bladder cancer, your doctor may order additional tests to determine the extent (stage) of the cancer. Staging tests may include:
The stages of bladder cancer are:
Your treatment options for bladder cancer depend on a number of factors, including the type and stage of the cancer, your overall health, and your treatment preferences. Discuss your options with your doctor to determine what treatments are best for you.
If your cancer is very small and hasn't invaded the wall of your bladder, your doctor may recommend:
Biological therapy (immunotherapy). Biological therapy, sometimes called immunotherapy, works by signaling your body's immune system to help fight cancer cells. Biological therapy for bladder cancer is typically administered through your urethra and directly into the bladder (intravesical therapy).
One biological therapy drug used to treat bladder cancer is bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), which is a bacterium used in tuberculosis vaccines. Another biological therapy drug is a synthetic version of interferon, which is a protein your immune system makes to help fight infections. The synthetic version, called interferon alfa-2b (Intron A), is sometimes used in combination with BCG.
Biological therapy drugs often cause flu-like symptoms and can irritate your bladder.
If your cancer has invaded the deeper layers of the bladder wall, you may consider:
Surgery to remove the entire bladder. A radical cystectomy is an operation to remove the entire bladder, as well as surrounding lymph nodes. In men, radical cystectomy typically includes removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles. In women, radical cystectomy involves removal of the uterus, ovaries and part of the vagina.
Increasingly, radical cystectomy is performed using robotic surgery, which means the surgeon sits nearby and uses hand controls to precisely move the surgical instruments.
Cystectomy carries a risk of infection and bleeding. In men, removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles may cause erectile dysfunction. But in select cases, your surgeon can attempt to spare the nerves necessary for an erection. In women, removal of the ovaries causes infertility and premature menopause.
Surgery to create a new way for urine to leave your body. Immediately after your radical cystectomy, your surgeon works to create a new way for you to expel urine. Several options exist. Which option is best for you depends on your situation and your preferences.
Your surgeon may create a tube (urinary conduit) using a piece of your intestine. The tube runs from your ureters, which drain your kidneys, to the outside of your body, where your urine empties into a pouch (urostomy bag) you wear on your abdomen.
In another procedure, your surgeon may use a section of intestine to create a small reservoir for urine inside your body (cutaneous continent urinary diversion). You can drain urine from the reservoir through a hole in your abdomen using a catheter a few times each day.
In select cases, your surgeon may create a bladder-like reservoir out of a piece of your intestine (neobladder). This reservoir sits inside your body and is attached to your urethra, which allows you to urinate normally. You may need to use a catheter to drain all the urine from your neobladder.
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy treatment for bladder cancer usually involves two or more chemotherapy drugs used in combination. Drugs can be given through a vein in your arm (intravenously), or they can be administered directly to your bladder by passing a tube through your urethra (intravesical therapy).
Chemotherapy may be used to kill cancer cells that might remain after surgery. It may also be used before surgery. In this case, chemotherapy may shrink a tumor enough to allow the surgeon to perform a less invasive surgery. Chemotherapy is sometimes combined with radiation therapy in very select cases when surgery isn't an option.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams aimed at your cancer to destroy the cancer cells. Radiation therapy for bladder cancer usually is delivered from a machine that moves around your body, directing the energy beams to precise points.
Radiation therapy can be used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. In very select cases, radiation therapy is sometimes combined with chemotherapy when surgery isn't an option, though this is generally considered an option of last resort.
Living with the concern that your bladder cancer may recur can leave you feeling as if you have little control over your future. But while there's no way to ensure that your bladder cancer won't recur, you can take steps to manage the stress.
Over time you'll find what works for you, but until then, you might:
Although there's no guaranteed way to prevent bladder cancer, you can take steps to help reduce your risk. For instance:
Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla., and Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Ariz., are ranked among the Best Hospitals for cancer by U.S. News & World Report.
Mayo Clinic urologists use the latest innovations in cancer treatment to provide expert care for people with bladder cancer. This includes:
Access to the latest in technology. Mayo Clinic urologists sometimes use surgical robots to perform robotic radical cystectomy.
During robotic surgery, your surgeon sits at a remote control console a short distance from you and the operating table and precisely controls the motion of the surgical instruments using two hand-and-finger control devices. The console displays a magnified, 3-D view of the surgical area that enables the surgeon to visualize the procedure in much greater detail than in traditional laparoscopic surgery.
Robotic surgery allows the surgeon work in tight spaces where human hands don't fit. Robotic surgery tends to be associated with less pain and quicker recovery after the operation, when compared with traditional open surgery. At Mayo Clinic, people undergoing robotic cystectomy may go home in as few as 3 or 4 days.
Mayo Clinic works with hundreds of insurance companies and is an in-network provider for millions of people. In most cases, Mayo Clinic doesn't require a physician referral. Some insurers require referrals or may have additional requirements for certain medical care. All appointments are prioritized on the basis of medical need.
At Mayo Clinic, urologists form a multidisciplinary team with experts in hematology/oncology, radiation oncology, pathology and radiology to provide whole-person care for people with bladder cancer. Other experts are included as needed.
For appointments or more information, call the Central Appointment Office at 800-446-2279 (toll-free) 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Mountain Standard Time, Monday through Friday or complete an online appointment request form.
For appointments or more information, call the Central Appointment Office at 904-953-0853 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday or complete an online appointment request form.
At Mayo Clinic, urologists form a multidisciplinary team with experts in oncology, radiation oncology, pathology and radiology to provide whole-person care for people with bladder cancer. Other experts are included as needed.
For appointments or more information, call the Central Appointment Office at 507-538-3270 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. Central time, Monday through Friday or complete an online appointment request form.
See information on patient services at the three Mayo Clinic locations, including transportation options and lodging.
Mayo Clinic doctors and scientists are studying ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Learn more about urology research.
Mayo Clinic maintains an extensive registry of people who have undergone partial or radical cystectomies. Researchers use this registry to monitor cancer and surgery outcomes, search for possible trends and connections, and ensure overall quality of care.
Cancer research is conducted in coordination with the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center. The Mayo Clinic Cancer Center receives funding from the National Cancer Institute and is designated as a comprehensive cancer center — recognition for an institution's scientific excellence and multidisciplinary resources focused on cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
See a list of publications by Mayo Clinic authors on bladder cancer on PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine.
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bladder-cancer/care-at-mayo-clinic/why-choose-mayo-clinic/CON-20027606
Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below.
Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised.
A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.


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Order Online
Contact Us
Attention Dear Customers,
Our Chicago Ave. location is now OPEN!
Now with 3 locations to serve you!
Dear customers, with the move of our Grand Ave location, we have updated our online ordering system. We hope the new site will provide a better platform for mobile users. At this moment, only the Grand location has been converted. The change should not affect existing customers because your profile was migrated to the new system. However, if you are a new customer and wish to order from all locations, you will need to sign up with both systems until we have everything migrated.
Thank you for your patience
Our chefs have created a menu that will satisfy sushi connoisseurs and novices alike. Through years of experience they have mastered the pairing of simple but complex flavors to create some of the most tasteful and innovative New-Japanese and Thai cuisine. Using only the freshest ingredients and top quality meats and fish from around the world. Butterfly Sushi bar offers something for everyone.
The unique experience of dining at Butterfly Sushi Bar is enhanced by the modern furniture and tableware. With minimal decor and a dimly lit dining room, Butterfly Sushi bar presents the guest with an atmosphere for romance, or just dining out with friends.
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Ordering is as easy as 1-2-3 when you place your order online!
Copyright 2017 Butterfly Sushi Bar, Linus International Inc.


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Academic Rigor
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All of my professors have been intelligent, articulate, and clearly enthusiastic about what they're teaching; they have all done a wonderful job of sharing their knowledge about the subject they're teaching.
To find more tips for prospective students, what to do for fun and whether this school is great for a particular type of student read the 32 reviews for Oberlin College
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I love the small town it's in. Everyone there is very nice and helpful. A very interesting place.Read More
From what I could see in a single visit, the town of Oberlin is a beautiful progressive community with a lot of interest in the arts. Oberlin has been a repeated name since the beginning of my college search, and I know the conservatory has a strong, positive reputation. While I don't know a lot about the quality of the music programs or what the faculty are like, the vibe I got from my tour of the schools was one of acceptance and family--I have no doubt that anyone could feel at home here!Read More
Oberlin is a place filled with open minded folks, activists, free spirits, athletes, artists, environmentalists, poets, and so on. You are pretty much guaranteed to find at least one other person, if not more, who share your passions and frustrations. It's one big supportive community that you won't be able to find anywhere else.Read More
Small, liberal arts college at the center of a small town. Very expensive but not really worth the cost. Very strong conservatory.Read More
Oberlin is a very musical and artistic campus -- there is always something to go to or do on the weekends and even weekdays. There is a lot of work and studying is very important to the students, but like any college campus the students make time for fun. Difficult to get off campus but the downtown is very nice.Read More
Oberlin College can fit the needs of every different students. The college has a thriving student body that is willing to make accommodations for each students, however, every students must be willing to commit to expressing themselves openly. The college is located in a cool little town that is another community for students to be active in.Read More
A small liberal arts school with large political ambitions, Oberlin is a school that continually produces leaders on numerous subjects and topics. Many of the teachers have written books that are the standard for teaching their subject nationwide, and they keep good track of how their words fall on their students with most professors handing out hand-made surveys at the end of each semester to improve themselves. Speaking of improving themselves, that's exactly the goal that every Oberlin student has come for, and the vast majority of them find their way wonderfully.Read More
Oberlin is not nearly as diverse as it like to say it is. It is quite frankly full of posers who think they are everything that they are not. With that being said, despite the slightly terrible people, the academics are fantastic.Read More
Oberlin College is the best decision I have ever made. The people are fantastic, the classes are fantastic, the vibe is fantastic. If you ever felt like you didn't fit in, Oberlin will prove that you do have a tribe and they are called Obies.Read More


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text:
Is this league still going?
Who's got the bragging rights from last year?
Is this league still going?
Who's got the bragging rights from last year?
my beer drinking team has a football problem
I want in if we are doing it. At least there is some incentive, if it's all GMB diehards.
there was actually an A and B league last year I believe. funny not to see any smack talk on this subject
my beer drinking team has a football problem
I'll do it. But where do you want to get this going?Yahoo, ESPN, NFL.com?
I also want in last year i missed out
I'm in a pool on nfl.com, never used yahoo before.
if we were to get one started up, we'd need someone to be administrator, Im not hard-wired with enough patience for that.
my beer drinking team has a football problem
If no one steps up, I can do it (administrate). I take FF pretty seriously, consulted 4 teams last year, and won one league of my own, and finished third in another (still won my team fee back).
I've only been in Yahoo! leagues for football, but I have Fantasy Baseball in an ESPN league, so I guess it's similar. If you guys are really serious, I'm definitely in. I don't want to be in a league that will just bail two weeks in, so in addition to you guys, I'd hope for reputable posters. Trust me, it's easy to bail in free leagues, and I doubt you guys would want to do a fee league (and I don't think fee leagues can be conducted, since they're randomly generated).
I would like to be in. I'm a long time lurker but a die hard Gmen fan. I played FF for the past 4 seasons n would like to play with some die hards. I'm will to be a free or pay league, but FYI: I never had anyone bail n a pay league, thats where I've had my most fun. Hit me up if u guys r fo real.
And I'd love to do a pay league on a reputable site. But I am pretty sure Yahoo!'s pay leagues are randomly generated, so for example, we can't all decide to be in a pay league together, when we sign up for the pay league, we all get scattered around randomly in random people's leagues.
I'd be keen on joining one. I've never bailed on a league. Even if I've gotten destroyed early, I've always stuck it out.
The three main services all have their merits:
ESPN is highly customisable and offers a wealth of resources. Its only downer is it's pig-ugly.
NFL.com looks nice but I've always found its interface to be rather clunky.
The main site underwent a (bad, imo) redesign this year so perhaps it's extended to fantasy.
Yahoo is pretty much the mid-ground. It's nothing amazing but it does nothing wrong.
Last edited by moo; 07-31-2012 at 05:40 AM.


text: How do you enter?It's 100% random drawing. Each post that you make counts as one entry! The more posts you make the more entries you have into the contest. Your odds of winning go up when you post more messages. What are the rules?The drawing will be held on Tuesday 3/31/2009. The admin alone will choose the three winners and can disqualify any entry for any reason (such as spam, double post on same subject, flaming, banned user). All posts made between 12:01 AM on 3/1/2009 and 11:59 PM on 3/30/2009 are eligible. GMTC will cover shipping within the US and Canada only. The rules and details of this contest can change at any time and without notice. What are the prizes??? One Grand Prize: 1 Stainless Steel GM Mug Set (Mug, Coaster, Key chain and Bag) 1 GMTC Platinum Sponsor Member Package Two First Prizes: 1 GMTC Platinum Sponsor Member package BONUSIf any of the winners replies to at least five posts in any of the vendor forums in the marketplace, I'll give them a $10 VISA Gift Card, my treat. http://www.gmtruckclub.com/forum/forumdisplay.php?f=17563 GMTC Platinum Sponsor Details >>


text:
And the circle is round... Sao Paulo again!
Trip Start Apr 05, 2010
87Trip End Ongoing
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This is the second circle I make, the first one was when I returned to Cochabamba, which made my 2 weeks in Sucre feel like a dream.
I recognise this from the 2-3 week vacations I took in the corporate life. Once back in the office, it feels like it all never happened, all memories feel like a far away dream. The same now with this. I was back in Sao Paulo, after 2 months of traveling in Brazil. Many memories, which felt as if they were made up by my mind, but pictures to prove to myself that it had happened
Making circles feels weird.
I know a big new one awaits me. As I will return to my starting point in South America, Lima, curious how that will mess with my mind, but that's for later. There's only now :) Eventhough my mind tends to uncontrolably drift off to the future.
I stayed with Leticia and her family again. Moms seem to be universally the same creature. They welcome you with open arms, like you're a long lost daughter, and spoil you with great food and smiles. I love to couchsurf with families, as it makes me realize even more intensely how I can feel at home wherever. And of course, how easy it is to feel at home if there's a mom welcoming you with the sincere warmth only moms can radiate.
Leticia just quit her job, which made that she had time to show me her city during the day. What luck I had. I find that in this trip often things magically work out perfectly. Like it is 'meant to be', then I think about tao, and believe this is where I am supposed to be. Although I don't really believe this, but it feels comforting to do a little bit every now and then.
Another lucky coincidence was that I booked a short flight to my next destination, which made that I was home in the morning before my flight, and an interviewer and photographer came from a local newspaper to write about CouchSurfing, and photographed me with my backpack on the couch. Nice!
Also I got to meet up with Bastien again, my old friend from New York.
Anyways, it was time to leave. The mom, sister and me played No woman no cry together in a triplet of flute, guitar and ukulele, and I happily left, taking a warmed heart with me.


text:
Funeral for 4-year-old medical marijuana cancer patient attracts hundreds
MISSOULA, Mont.
MISSOULA, Mont. - He became the country's youngest medical marijuana recipient.
But much more than that, while his life inspired people, in death little Cash Hyde brought together a community.
Cash Hyde's pallbearers carried his tiny casket through St. Francis Xavier Church in Missoula early Monday morning.
His family said their "Cashy" changed the face of pediatric cancer and pioneered an alternative treatment.
He was an appealing public figure, and a unifying symbol.
"Isn't there something somebody wrote," reminded Father Rich Perry," about a child shall lead them. Cashy seemed to be that," said the priest.
Friends and family brought their children to the funeral.
Everything about the funeral mass came back to kids.
"Do not say I'm only a child," read Cash's father Mike Hyde, from scripture, "I shall know to whom I send you and you shall speak whatever I commend you. Do not be afraid, for I am with you."
"You knit me together in my mother's womb," read Cash's grandmother. Julie Hyde.
Cash's grandfather Jim Hyde's reading told parents that they may be comforted with the knowledge that their children dwell for eternity with God, their creator.
After the funeral mass, mourners spilled into the street on a sunny, brisk November day.
A police escort procession led the hearse carrying little Cash Hyde through Missoula for his final trip through his birthplace.
The family requests any donations be sent to the Cash Hyde Foundation at First Montana Bank in Missoula.


text:
Alyas Robin Hood September 20, 2016
Alyas Robin Hood September 20, 2016 is a Filipino drama–action series broadcast by GMA Network starring Dingdong Dantes, Megan Young and Andrea Torres. It premiered on September 19, 2016 on GMA Telebabad primetime block replacing the Korean drama Descendants of the Sun and also aired worldwide on GMA Pinoy TV. The tv series was inspired by the English folklore, Robin Hood.
MAIN CAST: Dingdong Dantes as Jose Paolo 'Pepe' De Jesus, Megan Young as Sarri Acosta, Andrea Torres as Venus.
READ MORE: Wikipedia


text:
Town Square
Please Consider This Alternative News Resource - p j t v . c o m
Original post made by nospam1, Castlewood, on Apr 14, 2009
Here is one example why...
Regardless of your political opinion regarding the nationwide 'Tea Parties' that will take place tomorrow (April 15), you've got to admit that they are historically very significant. Not since the '60s revolt over the VietNam war has the nation seen such an uprising of its citizenry. Yet, the mainstream media either refuses to give much airtime to these tea parties...or when they do, they mock them as being insignificant.
Pajamas TV has noticed that the mainstream media refuses to cover these tea parties in any depth so pjtv has established citizen reporters at the majority of these tea party events to provide a firsthand report. (Yes, even you could become one of its reporters if you so choose.)
In addition to learning more about the nationwide Tea Parties, pjtv covers a variety of other breaking topics as well.
(No I am not a paid marketer for pjtv. I am just a Pleasanton area citizen like you but I am becoming more and more of a fan of this alternative news resource ... not to mention its parent website of pajamasmedia "dot" com.)
Here is the pjtv link if you are at all curious to learn more about the nationwide TeaParties and other important news items. Please check in from time to time to see how this alternative news site develops over time. It is also becoming more and more respected outside of the US as well.
Web Link
a resident of Amberwood/Wood Meadows
on Apr 14, 2009 at 8:34 am
Stacey is a registered user.
I also like alternet.org Web Link
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Apr 14, 2009 at 1:54 pm
Alternet.org? Anything that uses material from Hufferton Post and New York Times must be creditable and impartial. Not!
a resident of California Reflections
on Apr 14, 2009 at 1:57 pm
Web Link
This is my contribution. thank you...
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Apr 14, 2009 at 3:17 pm
thanks for posting this. talk about a breath of fresh air! I, too, am rarely satisfied with "facts" and "professionalism," but not just in news. I dont like the idea of global warming, so I choose to believe outlandish amateurs or crackpot fringe science groups looking for attention, and what's wrong with that? also, I'd like to consult a witch doctor or crystal healer for my croup. can you recommend one?
a resident of Beratlis Place
on Apr 14, 2009 at 3:23 pm
Tell me more about this tea party. Will there be scones with lemon curd, because I love lemon curd! How do I sign up?
a resident of Carriage Gardens
on Apr 14, 2009 at 4:28 pm
Rush plans to be present. Lets all pray that he is clean sober! He's an addict you know.
Web Link
a resident of Avila
on Apr 14, 2009 at 4:36 pm
Web Link The BEST!
a resident of California Reflections
on Apr 14, 2009 at 7:21 pm
Web Link This a really coooooool....it's all about the lives and adventures of stars and starlettes! Way fun to read daily!!!


text:
Auto burglaries surge in Kingsport
KINGSPORT, Tenn. - Car owners beware -- Kingsport police are busy investigating a string of auto burglaries this month.
One of those victims we first told you about Monday when thieves broke into a Sullivan County detective's unmarked car. Click here to read about that case.
Investigators say the culprit made off with protective vests, handcuffs, and even a handgun.
Police tell us this kind of crime comes and goes in waves. We did some digging and learned that in Kingsport from April 2012 to March 2013, there have been a total of 572 car break-ins.
You can call it a habit -- Lee Lawrence says she always clicks the lock button on her car keys when she's out shopping. "That's the first thing I do when i get out is lock [the car]," she told us.
But there's bad news for some drivers in Kingsport. Police tell us just in the month of April there have been a total of 20 car break-ins all across the city, four or five of them in the Higher Heights area alone.
Kingsport police officer Tom Patton tells us this is concerning news. With most car break-ins, doors are unlocked or there are high-dollar items in plain view. "There's a reason that they select the car over another," Patton explained.
But this old-fashioned crime has a new twist; we learned thieves are now targeting items usually considered unassuming. "[They're taking] a handful of loose change, empty shopping bags, empty pharmacy bags where they break in to see what might be in that bag," Patton said.
Police say the solution to fighting this crime of opportunity is a simple one: lock your doors and leave nothing behind. "Thieves are out there and they're not going away," Patton told us.
Police say to always report a break-in, simply because it helps investigators establish a pattern that could help them track down a suspect.


text:
axle protector ap.gt HO05 front Honda
- Description
Gilles Tooling axle protector ap.gt
To reduce crash damage in the front axle and fork leg areas or on the rear swingarm and axle.
Axle protector and work stand mount in one product – fits many V-shaped mounts (e.g. the KERN-STABI racing adaptor) – also on the front fork!
The impact unit is made of special plastic and offers excellent sliding properties (impact- and abrasion-resistant).
Swivel mount for simple jacking using a work stand.
Perfectly shaped Gilles Tooling design (goes with your other Gilles Tooling components).
Extra long guide bolt in the axle to increase stability.
Individual pad available as replacement part if required.
Pair for one axle!
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text:
Even though I expect JPP to rebound and be a beast again next year we will still lack the pass rush that won us two championships. It's unlikely that any Defensive lineman (specifically DE) will have an immediate impact early in the season next year but that doesn't mean we shouldnt draft one. If you ask me the biggest need for this team defense and the biggest need for the defense is another pass rushing DE. That's why I'm leaning toward taking the kid from BYU. Even though the kid is raw and unlikely to have a huge impact his rookie year, if he fulfills his potential he and JPP can be a force for several years to come. We have lost three major DEs in the last five years. Strahan retired, Osi is gone and Tuck seems to be spent. We have only added one in return (JPP)
I've said in a different post that I don't think we need to draft an OL in the first round and I stick by that. We need defense, we need corners, another pass rusher and linebackers. I'm sure some of these needs will be filled in FA.


text: I got a Super Chip Flashpaq from my 08 silverado still in my possesion. Would i be able to use it again on my 2011? or would the stock profile on it screw stuff up? I want to program my speedo without needing a new one honestly, they are too spendy right now for me.


text:
World-Famous Beaches in Negril
Legends Beach Resort • Negril, Jamaica
Escape Kit
- A Four-Night Stay for Two in a Standard Garden Side Room ($556)
- Or, a Five-Night Stay for Two in a Standard Garden Side Room ($695) with an Automatic Upgrade to a Beachside Room for the First 25 Purchasers
- All-Inclusive of Meals, Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages, Activities, Taxes, Fees, and Shuttle Service to Sister Property
- Combine Vouchers to Stay Up to Ten Nights
The Destination
Situated on a famed seven-mile stretch of powdery white sand on Jamaica's far-western tip, Negril has solidified itself as one of the planet's most beautiful destinations, earning a spot as one of Frommer's top ten beaches in the world. Surrounded by crystal-clear turquoise waters, Negril offers some of the most sought-after snorkeling and scuba diving on the island, where rare coral reefs and warm azure tide pools play home to hundreds of exotic aquatic life systems. Soaring jagged cliffs beckon thrill seekers to make a splash from heights of more than 40 feet into the warm waters below, while the sweeping views of the sinking sun invite a more languid way to soak it all in.
The Digs
Seven miles of white-sand beach and endless opportunities for indulgent relaxation await at Legends Beach Resort—Negril, a 50-room, oceanfront boutique hotel mere steps from the azure shallows of the beckoning Caribbean sea. Plush pastel exteriors give way to vibrant island-inspired guest rooms, accented with fresh flowers upon each arrival. Outside, you'll have your pick of paradisiacal settings within which to laze away the day: Choose from the resort's lush gardenside pool with its expansive sundeck or the private beach outside your door. Walk easily to local shops and restaurants or hop on the complimentary shuttle to the Legends' sister property, Samsara Resort—an adventurers haven at the foot of the island's famed oceanside cliffs and the perfect spot for snorkeling and scuba diving near the country's thriving reefs.
The Diversions
Skirt the issue of choosing to swim in just one of the properties' two freshwater pools by hopping on the courtesy shuttle down to the cliffs after breakfast. If tired joints from treading water have you on edge, indulge with a massage at Samsara's seaside spa. After, take the plunge into calm waters with a scuba diving adventure, or flip over the greens at Negril Hills Golf Club. Before the sun sets, find a lounge chair on the beach and enjoy the view with a cocktail in hand. Then, let the evening end with a jaunt to Rick's Cafe.
"In the 1970s, Negril lured hippies with its offbeat beach life and anything-goes attitude. They may have left but the gorgeous Seven-Mile Beach at Long Bay still has easily accessible coral reefs with some of the best diving in the Caribbean."-- BBC Travel
escapes 30-day promise
LivingSocial gives you up to 30 days to return your unused voucher for a full refund. Once you've made a reservation, you are subject to the merchant's cancellation and refund policy. If you want to secure your preferred dates of travel, we strongly recommend that you complete reservation with the merchant within 30 days of your purchase—after that, LivingSocial will not issue any refunds.
the fine print
- Vouchers may be combined to extend stay
- Valid for travel April 4 until November 30, 2013
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- Merchant cancellation policy of 21 days or more notice required to cancel or cancellation fee of $290 is charged directly to client's credit card; voucher subject to forfeiture
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text: Anyone have a preferred method of placing queen cells or making up nucs? I'm going to start grafting in ~ 10 days and last year I had phenomenal success grafting and horrible success getting the queens to emerge and be accepted without the nucleus colonies I made up superceding her. As a mark against me I was extremely rough handling the queen cells and didn't realize this until season close but is it best to put the queen cells in a nucleus that has no open brood? I typically made up my nucleus's with 1-2 frames of brood, 1 frame of honey, 1 empty drawn out frame and one empty frame that needed drawn.


text: Hi all, Wonder if anyone can help. I'm a newbie, started my first hive a bit late in the year with a nucleus and this years queen. Bees were lovely, quiet and easy to work. Everything seemed to be on track but we have had a very cold wet summer. The hive did not seem to be expanding at the rate I expected but I had put this down to poor weather conditions. A few weeks ago, I went to check and found the queen on the ground in front of the hive. There seems to be no reson at all for this. No sign of any queen cells previously, still plenty of stores. Checking the frames, I found eggs and larvae at all stages including new laid eggs. Anyone got any ideas??? Since it was too late to requeen, I decided to try and maintain the remainder of bees to at least prduce stores and drawn frames to start again next year. However, the girls have become very aggressive. Just approaching the hive brings them out in droves dive bombing and stinging. Is this normal???:confused:


text:
Bangladesh backsliding on press freedom
"Bangladeshi democracy [may be] doomed to more of the same," International Crisis Group wrote in a recent commentary. They are describing a longstanding pattern of antagonism between Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's Awami League and the opposition Bangladesh National Party (BNP), which the Crisis Group describes as "a pernicious cycle of zero-sum politics." If the political situation descends into unrest, journalists covering it will suffer.