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Brian Hayes
A dictionary is more than a book of definitions; it is an index to a language, imposing an order on our inventory of words. Likewise a thesaurus is a table of contents, which takes the same stock of words but organizes them thematically rather than alphabetically. Both kinds of books reveal something about the underlying structure of the lexicon (the set of all words that make up a language). That structure is what mathematicians call a graph—a collection of "nodes" connected by "edges," usually drawn as a web of dots and lines.
When a language is viewed as a mathematical graph, the nodes are words (or sets of words), and the edges are relations between them. Any dictionary will help you to walk from node to node through the graph. For example, in defining the word elegant, the American Heritage Dictionary offers delicate as a synonym; on looking up delicate, you find dainty among the meanings listed; dainty in turn leads you to the entry for exquisite; and among the meanings of exquisite is elegant again. In this way you trace out one of many loops, or cycles, within the graph defined by this particular dictionary.
Exploring small regions of a lexical graph is a familiar process; you do it mentally whenever you grope for the right word. But trying to construct a graph for an entire language is another matter entirely. English has well over 100,000 words, and they are related to one another in dozens or perhaps hundreds of ways. Finding and recording all the connections is a task on the same scale as compiling a large dictionary. Furthermore, it has to be done with great precision and consistency, because the goal is to create a mathematical structure in which the relations between words are so explicit that the graph can be explored and manipulated algorithmically.
The construction of a lexical graph for English has been under way for almost 15 years in a project called WordNet, which now includes some 168,000 words and 345,000 relations among them. WordNet is the work of George A. Miller and his colleagues in the Cognitive Science Laboratory at Princeton University. (Other contributors are Christiane Fellbaum, Randee I. Tengi and the late Katherine J. Miller.) A book describing WordNet and its applications has recently been published, and the database that defines the lexical graph is available via the Internet and on a CD-ROM, along with software for browsing the graph.
In WordNet the emphasis is less on words than on the relations between words. And among the various relations defined in the lexical graph, the most fundamental is synonymy. Words that mean more or less the same thing are grouped into synonym sets, or synsets, much as they are in a thesaurus. The synsets (rather than individual words) then become the basic nodes of the graph.
A finicky logophile might well argue that true synonyms do not exist—that no two words are exactly equivalent. The compilers of WordNet take a pragmatic position on this issue. They classify words as synonyms if there is some class of sentences where one word can take the place of another without substantially altering the meaning. Thus yell, shout and holler have distinguishable nuances of meaning, but in many sentences the words are interchangeable.
Most words have multiple meanings, and synonymy is really a relation between the individual senses of the words. The adjective light is an approximate synonym both of weightless and of pale, but weightless and pale are not themselves synonyms. Each sense of light has to be given its own synset. (In the current version of WordNet light has 26 adjective senses as well as 15 noun senses, six verb senses and one adverb sense.)
Synonymy is the glue that binds WordNet together. Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs all have synonyms. Nevertheless, the structure of the lexical graph comes mainly from other kinds of relations, which are somewhat different for each part of speech.
For nouns the most important relations are hypernymy and hyponymy, which organize concepts into a treelike hierarchy. Hypernyms and hyponyms embody the "is-a" or "is-a-kind-of" relation: A horse is a mammal is an animal is an organism. Thus the word horse (or the sense of horse referring to a hoofed quadruped) is a hyponym of mammal, which in turn is a hyponym of animal, and so on. Hypernyms describe the same relation seen from the other end of the telescope: Animal is a hypernym of mammal and also of reptile, bird, fish, etc. The biological examples are apt here, since the construction of such taxonomic hierarchies is a specialty of the life sciences. In WordNet the sequence of hypernyms for horse captures much of the phylogenetic detail a biologist would want to see recorded: horse → equine → odd-toed ungulate → ungulate → placental mammal → mammal → vertebrate → chordate → animal → organism → entity.
Another relation among nouns is summed up in the phrase "has a" rather than "is a." This is the relation between parts and wholes; words that represent parts or members are called meronyms, and those that denote wholes or groups are holonyms. The distinction between "is a" and "has a" can be subtle, but there are examples that make it clear. Consider the noun meal: Its hyponyms are words such as breakfast, lunch and dinner, but its meronyms are appetizer, salad, dessert and so on.
The same kind of treelike organization can be imposed on verbs, although verb trees tend to be somewhat stunted and shrubby compared with noun trees. The relation analogous to hyponymy in nouns has been dubbed troponymy in verbs. For example, the intransitive verb walk is a troponym of go or move or locomote; in other words, walking is a way of moving. And walk in turn has troponyms such as shuffle, amble, swagger and march. For some verbs there is also a relation analogous to meronymy in nouns, defining the component parts of an action. The verb step fills this role for walk, since walking entails taking steps.
The tree structures within the lexical graph make WordNet into a rough taxonomy of the world. The database codifies a theory of knowledge. Concepts accorded a place near the root of a tree are identified as central, basic, primary; those near the leaves are marginal or peripheral. But who determines the branching pattern of the noun and verb trees? Are the fundamental categories of thought inherent in the language, or are they inventions of the lexicographer?
For the noun hierarchy, WordNet posits 11 "unique beginners"—nouns or noun phrases that have no hypernyms. The unique beginners are entity, abstraction, psychological feature, natural phenomenon, activity, event, group, location, possession, shape and state. Miller does not argue that these particular choices are the only possible ones, but neither are the 11 categories entirely arbitrary or idiosyncratic. They reflect an analysis by Philip N. Johnson-Laird of Princeton of the classes of nouns that can be modified by various adjectives. The categories also satisfy another important criterion: The hierarchy has a place for every English noun.
In practice, no single, immutable hierarchy can possibly capture the structure of the entire lexicon. Conflicts over the classification of words emerge not only at the root but at all levels of the tree. Consider the small subtree of nouns that denote close family relations. The generic term relative can serve as the root of the subtree, but what are its immediate hyponyms? In one scheme the relative node has two subordinate nodes, kinswoman and kinsman. At the next level the subordinates of kinswoman include mother, sister, daughter; those of kinsman include father, brother, son. But the same words could equally well be organized another way, giving relative three hyponyms, namely parent, sibling and child; then each of these nodes divides by gender into mother and father, sister and brother, daughter and son. As it happens, WordNet is inconsistent in its treatment of the lexical family tree. Sister and brother follow the first model: They are listed as hyponyms of kinswoman and kinsman respectively. But mother and father are hyponyms of parent, and similarly daughter and son are grouped under child.
Of course neither solution is clearly right or wrong. Whether the more natural division is by gender or by generation depends on context, and people have no trouble keeping both hierarchies in mind at the same time. Furthermore, both schemes lose some of their appealing symmetry when they are extended to other relatives, such as cousin, which carries no indication of gender in English. (But I can't resist noting that cousin derives from the Latin consobrinus, which originally referred only to a cousin on the mother's side, and which derives in turn from soror, sister.)
These tangled hierarchies are not the only oddities lurking in the lexical trees. One might reasonably suppose that hyponymy, meronymy and other relations between synsets would be transitive. In many cases they are. A mouse is a mammal, a mammal is an animal, and sure enough a mouse is an animal. Often, however, language fails to obey the Aristotelian rules. A house has a door and a door has a knob, but most people would find it odd to say that a house has a knob.
In citing these inconsistencies and peculiarities I don't mean to suggest that the graph-theoretical approach to the lexicon is fundamentally wrong. On the contrary, I would argue that these bugs are features! It seems to me that WordNet is most illuminating just where the construction of the graph runs into difficulties. This is where we may have a chance to learn something about the underlying structure of the language.
Discourse in theoretical linguistics proceeds largely by example and counterexample, by constructing sentences that the prototypical native speaker would or wouldn't find acceptable. Much of this discourse has been carried on with rather small specimens of language—with "toy" grammars and lexicons that generate only a tiny subset of all possible sentences. But building a lexicon of 50 or 100 words and leaving the rest of the language as an exercise for the reader risks missing something important. Indeed, it is characteristic of graphs that some properties do not emerge until the last nodes and edges are added.
The treelike organization of both nouns and verbs in WordNet leads naturally to the hypothesis that all words are best catalogued in such structures. The treatment of adjectives therefore comes as a surprise. In WordNet adjectives do not grow on trees; instead they come in matched pairs of opposites—black and white, clean and dirty, fast and slow, good and bad. And on reflection, the pairing of antonyms does seem like the natural organizing principle for this class of words. In free-association tests, many adjectives strongly evoke their opposites, suggesting that we file them mentally in symmetrical pairs.
There is something else odd about adjectives. Other relations in WordNet are between meanings or concepts, which are conveniently represented by synsets, but the antonymy of adjectives seems to be a relation between specific words. Hot, sultry, torrid and sweltering may all belong in the same synset, but the antonym cold is strongly associated with only one of these. If you ask people "What's the opposite of hot?" you'll get an immediate answer, but "What's the opposite of torrid?" is a harder question.
The solution adopted in WordNet is to organize adjectives in clusters around focal pairs of antonyms. Thus hot and cold stand face-to-face like gang leaders, each surrounded by a throng of allied words, fiery and blistering on one side, frigid and chilly and frosty on the other. If you ask WordNet for the antonym of torrid, it responds: "indirect (via hot) → cold."
This scheme for organizing adjectives was not planned when the WordNet project began in 1985. The need to provide antonym pointers between specific word forms was something discovered while building the graph, and it was not an altogether welcome discovery. Up to then it had been assumed that all edges of the graph would extend between synsets; the database format had to be altered to accommodate the antonym pointers.
WordNet includes some 3,500 clusters of adjectives arranged in antonymous pairs. Most of them fit neatly into the bipolar plan. Indeed, many of the adjectives can be graded, or arranged along a one-dimensional continuum. Hot and cold, for example, have tepid at the neutral point between them, with warm and cool occupying less extreme positions. A few adjectives, however, refuse to conform. Angry is the chief example mentioned by WordNet's authors. Angry is the focus of a cluster of related words, which can be graded according to intensity from annoyed to furious, but English seems to offer no antonym to angry. The asymmetry is a reminder that although language is a human invention, it is not an engineered product; it doesn't have to be consistent.
WordNet includes adverbs as well as adjectives but finds little to say about them. They are grouped into synsets, and some of them are linked to adjectives from which they are derived, but there are no taxonomic trees or bipolar pairs. Other parts of speech—the prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns and other "little" words—are omitted altogether.
Looking on language as a graph invites the kinds of questions that graph theorists ask. Many of these questions have to do with connectivity—with the number of edges linking pairs of nodes.
The ultimate in connectivity is a clique, which is a graph where every node is directly linked to every other node. But a clique is not a plausible architecture for a lexical graph. (For one thing, there are not enough words to uniquely name all the relations between words.)
At the opposite end of the connectivity spectrum is a graph with no edges at all, just isolated nodes. Again the lexical graph can look nothing like this. Suppose a word occupied such a lonely outpost. With no relations to any other words—no synonyms, no hypernyms, no antonyms—what could it possibly mean? What could one say about it—or say with it? Even pairs of nodes linked only to each other are problematic. They would be no more useful than the dictionary—famous in the lore of lexicography although I don't know if it really exists—that defines furze as gorse and then defines gorse as furze.
A more realistic question is whether the lexical graph consists of a single connected component. Can you find at least one continuous path from any given node to any other? For WordNet in its present form the answer is clearly No. With the exception of some adverb-adjective links, there are no edges between different parts of speech, and even within the noun and verb hierarchies the graph breaks into several disconnected pieces. But the mind's lexical graph is surely richer in relations than WordNet and may well be connected. Trying to find a plausible path of relations between two randomly chosen words is easy enough that it doesn't even make a very good parlor game. (And suppose you found a pair of words that stumped everybody, that seemed to have nothing whatever in common. They would then be related by their shared membership in the unusual class of words that are not otherwise related.)
In the end the question of connectivity comes down to what kinds of relations between words qualify as edges of the graph. Within the mental lexicon there are surely many more kinds of links than WordNet admits. Consciously or unconsciously, we form word associations based on common etymology (river and arrive), based on assonance or rhyme (slumber and encumber), based on pairing in familiar phrases (law and order). None of these relations are likely candidates for inclusion in WordNet, but a few other kinds of edges could be important additions to the graph.
Selection rules operating between parts of speech might be the most valuable enhancements. As noted above, adjectives can supply useful clues to the classification of nouns. For example, the adjectives living and dead can describe only biological organisms (except in figurative uses). In a similar way, many verbs are restricted to certain classes of subjects and objects. You can count sheep or noses, but you can't count water; you can open a door but not a contradiction. Would adding such constraints to the graph be a practical undertaking? That depends on whether or not the constraints follow the hyponymy and troponymy hierarchies. If the selection rule for the object of eat could be encoded by creating a single link to the node for food, which would then subsume all the hyponyms of food, the number of edges added to the graph would be manageable. But English is surely not quite that tidy; in the worst case, inserting a separate edge between every verb and each of its potential objects would bring an exponential explosion in the number of edges.
Even though WordNet does not currently include selection-rule information, Philip Resnik of the University of Maryland has used the WordNet database, along with a large corpus of English prose, to derive probabilistic selection rules. For example, he notes that if you choose a sentence at random from the corpus, the subject is more likely to be a hyponym of person than a hyponym of insect. But if the verb in the sentence happens to be buzz, the probability of finding an insect in the subject position rises considerably. The magnitude of the change in probability conveys information about the strength of the selection rule.
Another possible elaboration of WordNet would address what Roger Chaffin of the University of Connecticut has called "the tennis problem." Miller writes: "Suppose you wanted to learn the specialized vocabulary of tennis and asked where in WordNet you could find it. The answer would be everywhere and nowhere. Tennis players are in the noun.person file, tennis equipment is in noun.artifact, the tennis court is in noun.location, the various strokes are in noun.act, and so on. Other topics have similarly dispersed vocabularies. At least part of the dissatisfaction with a purely hierarchical organization of nouns can be attributed to this neglect of co-occurrence relations."
WordNet is a product of hand-crafting. Essentially all the words were manually entered into lexicography files, with simple textual markers to indicate the various relations between synsets. For example, the character @ denotes a hypernym, ~ is for hyponyms and ! marks antonyms. The entire structure of the lexical graph is implicit in these files, but the relations are not very readily accessible in this form. The files are therefore compiled with a program called the Grinder, which produces a database in which each relation is encoded as a position, or offset, within a file. Long lists of numerical offsets are not very congenial for human readers, but they are easily traversed by a computer program.
WordNet is supplied with a point-and-click browser interface. As with an ordinary on-line dictionary or thesaurus, you can type in a word and get a listing of synsets and an explanatory gloss for all the word's senses, but this overview is only the beginning of what the browser offers. Depending on the part of speech, you can then climb up or down in a lexical tree, search for coordinate terms (siblings at the same level of the tree), find antonyms, rank synonyms by their frequency or similarity, list meronyms, and so on.
The browser serves well for casual exploration of WordNet, but more serious work with the lexical graph generally requires writing specialized software to read the database files. Several such projects have been undertaken both within the Cognitive Science Laboratory at Princeton and elsewhere. Philip Resnik's work on selection rules is mentioned above. Another major endeavor is a series of "semantic concordances"—texts linked to the lexicon in such a way that every substantive word is tagged with the appropriate sense from the WordNet database. One of the texts tagged in this way is Stephen Crane's novella The Red Badge of Courage.
Still another application, described by Ellen M. Voorhees of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, uses WordNet to improve the accuracy of text retrieval from document databases. By encoding the content of a document in terms of WordNet synsets instead of individual words, a query can specify particular senses of words. If this approach succeeds, it might solve the problem of searching the Web for coke and finding soft drinks and illicit drugs when what you're looking for is carbon.
In my own view, the construction of WordNet would be of interest even if the finished product had no applications at all. It is a linguistic counterpart to the human genome program. Just as we all inherit DNA but cannot ordinarily peer into our own genes, we all possess some mental representation of a lexical graph but know little about its overall structure.
The WordNet database and browser programs can be downloaded from the Web site http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu:80/~wn/main/. Versions of the browser software are available for the Macintosh, for Microsoft Windows and for various flavors of Unix. The same materials are also offered on a CD-ROM distributed by the MIT Press.
© Brian Hayes
You can find this online at http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/num2/the-web-of-words/7
© 2016 Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society


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Where Have We Heard this Tune Before?
"History is a nightmare from which I'm trying to awake."
- James Joyce, Ulysses
We have only to examine a map of the Middle East, and contemplate the sequence of steps taken there, to conclude that Iran has been the objective of Cheney and Bush ever since - as Ashfield attorney Buz Eisenberg declared at a recent public gathering in Amherst - they came into office in a coup d'etat.
Afghanistan on the east was attacked a month after the events of September 11, 2001, Iraq on the west assaulted March 20, 2003. On Iran's southeastern border, the unreliable ally Pakistan is tamed by this administration's supply of nuclear technology to India at Pakistan's rear. North of Iran lie Turkey and Turkmenistan with their US military bases.
The carrier Nimitz is joining the aircraft carrier Eisenhower in the Persian Gulf, and the Reagan carrier group is scheduled to reach the area by April. Each of these three ultra modern carrier strike groups (CSGs) also includes destroyers, missile-armed cruisers, attack submarines, and a host of supply vessels – in all, as many as 60 warships.
This force, projecting more destructive power than all the navies in history combined, has as its mission controlling a large area of sea, maintaining air superiority over the region, and support and protection of landings of troops on the shore. Cheney, Bush, and their spokespesons are disingenuous when they claim, "We have no plans to attack Iran."
While basing missiles in Cuba in 1961, could Khrushchev have been believable contending his deployment lacked plans for their possible
use against America. The unasked question is, "Under present circumstances, why would Iran not respond belligerently to aggressive gestures near its shores? And too, why wouldn't Iran seek the nuclear arms that most of its near neighbors, and the hovering US fleet possess?" Iranians cannot ignore the fact that Israel launched a preemptive attack on Iraq's nuclear facilities at Osirak in 1981, and they speak of doing the same to Iran today.
Addressing a gathering at Wollman Hill on January 24, weapons inspector Scott Ritter predicted the arrival of that third carrier group near Iran in April will signal an aerial attack on nuclear facilities of Iran; its command and control defenses; destruction of the Iranian air force, ships and submarines; and an assault upon Tehran. With a population of 14-million, this is one of the largest urban centers in the Middle East.
Seymour Hersh has similarly detailed Cheney-Bush war strategies in the New Yorker. Ritter's informed assessment includes US launch of nuclear weapons and thus a momentous unraveling of the 62-year understanding baring their use. "Other countries," he said, "would no longer feel restrained."
According to State Department and UN diplomat Peter Galbraith, Bush launched the Iraq war not knowing there was any difference between Sunni and Shia. They were all, well, "Muslims." Ignorance, hubris, and incompetence have mired administration plans for regime change in Iran. Our November elections removed their co-conspiring Republican allies but, barring forceful new congressional legislation, Cheney and Bush continue to hold unrestrained fingers over the button for two more years - as well, the wherewithal to alter transition through the approaching presidential election. Make no mistake: though their 2002 lies for war tarnished credibility, they will invent any necessary rationale for war. They intend to attack their central objective, Iran.
America's aggression in the Middle East, like the struggles that
for centuries convulsed and altered the borders of Europe, substitute an imperialist thrust of power and force for an earlier balance of powers and peace achieved and maintained through diplomacy. From World War I onward, the victors in that conflict have been tempted to sustain their wartime expeditions through occupation and administration. The goals of such dominance are control of the extraordinary resources of that region and also, more recently, privatization and control of the local economy. With oil reserves dwindling, the primary US objective is to control the richest sources and deny access to rivals India and China.
Like geography, the study of history suggests controlling Iran has long been among Western ambitions in the region. World War I ushered
both increasing need for oil and opportunity to control its source. The weak Ottoman Empire, encompassing nearly all of the Middle East except Persia (renamed Iran in 1935), was threatened by Russia and therefore allied itself with Russia's foes, the Germans. This proved opportunity for Russia's partner Britain to conquer and extend authority in the region where, with the collapse of the Ottomans, they fabricated the unstable mixture of peoples called Iraq and militarily controlled development of Middle East oil.
Allied forces invaded Iran during World War II, but the historically pivotal meddling there occurred in 1953 when Dulles and Eisenhower joined the British in overthrowing the democratically elected government of Mohammed Mossadegh. Acting in support of the British Petroleum Company (BP), they reinstalled the monarchy in the person of the brutally repressive figure the West knew as the Shah of Iran. While the Shah was armed and supported, proving a stable puppet for western interests, opposition steadily grew.
In January 1979, the Shah was forced to flee. Ayatollah Khomeini soon after established Iran as a religious state. When the US refused to deliver the Shah to stand trial in Iran, militants took 52 employees of the American Embassy hostage and held them for 444 days.
Reagan and his agent Oliver North were willing to provide arms to Iran in order to fund the Contra army in its attempt to overthrow the government of Nicaragua, but every manner of US aid was provided to Saddam Hussein when, in 1980, he took Iraq into an 8-year war against Iran. Iran, the more determined and resilient combatant, prevailed. This history is not only nightmare but prophetic, and our media tend to tell only one side of the story.
Iran offered to negotiate differences with the US in 2003 and, despite his belligerent pose, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has said he would come to the table now were it not for US insistence on preconditions to such talks. Setting preconditions exposes devious US purposes and plans: negotiations would not bring the outcome Cheney and Bush are seeking.
They have little to show for their venture into either Afghanistan or Iraq, but when this pair accomplish their regime change and democratization plan for Iran, perhaps they will take the Shah's son Reza Palhavi from the shelf and have him pick up where his infamous father left off. My guess is, not yet finished losing two other wars, they are getting far ahead of themselves.
In his extraordinarily detailed The Great War for Civilization, long-time London-based Middle East correspondent Robert Fisk relates an incident during the Iran-Iraq war that, I think, profiles the foe Cheney and Bush would have American's youth take on. "There was a young man sitting with us … and suddenly we noticed that his head had fallen forward … then we saw blood running … a bullet had hit him in the head … he turned slightly … put his hand in his pocket and took out a Koran … and was looking at it. It was a scene I will never forget all my life, the power of his commitment."
We wrote warnings of the consequences of attacking Iraq – the unleashing of rival factions and risk such an act would end in urban
warfare. 110 Western mass residents were arrested protesting invasion. Four years on, we note that Iran is a country that poses no threat to America, that it has not aggressed against its neighbors. New propaganda for war bears echoes from both the recent and distant past; attacking Iran conjures for us the Third Reich's fabrication for conquest and cleansing – the betrayal in Germany's World War I surrender and the threat to Germany posed by Jews (read now, the threat of Muslims to America).
Is the meaningless escalation in Iraq designed to distract Congress while this new aggression is prepared? The founders devised the genius of impeachment but failed to anticipate how our democracy would cope with a mounting, then sudden constitutional threat, such as revelation that megalomaniacals hold the unrestrained power to assault another country and control the resultant dissent by declaring martial law at home.
We are in the midst of a national crisis, perhaps one greater in depth and breadth than that of our Civil War.
Carl Doerner is a retired New York City teacher participating in the upcoming Citizen Diplomacy delegation to Iran in May.

subset: commoncrawl


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- Tony Burns
- Don Howe
- Peter Storey
- Frank McLintock
- Terry Neill
- David Court
- Alan Skirton
- Jon Sammels
- Joe Baker
- George Eastham
- George Armstrong
Brazil XI
- Marcial
- Galhardo
- Ditao
- Clovis
- Edilson
- Dino
- Nair
- Marcos
- Flavio
- Ivair
- Gilson Porto
- 17,789
Representative Match
Arsenal Stadium, Highbury
Tuesday, November 16, 1965
Sammels 2
Brazil XI
A chilly November evening in 1965 witnessed a much anticipated fixture in north London as the exotic Samba skills of world champions Brazil headed to Highbury to take on Billy Wright's Arsenal. Brazil were on a European Tour which acted as a useful fact finding mission with the World Cup, hosted in England of course, just eight months away.
For the Gunners faithful, the prospect of seeing undoubtedly the world's best player in his prime was a major incentive and the matchday programmes leading up to the fixture included a full page picture of the man in question emblazoned with "The Great Pele is here on November 16".
Unfortunately Pele's club Santos withdrew their players in the lead up to the game, which denied the fans a glimpse of the already legendary striker, who was also supposed to be presenting a gold medallion to His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh on the day the fixture also marked a celebration of The Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme which was in its tenth year.
Though no Santos players were involved, Brazil did still have some star names in their squad, primarily from the Corinthians club. These included experienced internationals Marcial, Dino Sani, who had replaced Jimmy Greaves at AC Milan earlier in his career, Marcos and Flavio, who had scored in Brazil's 3-0 victory over Russia four months earlier.
The youngest member of the travelling squad was 20 year-old midfielder Rivelino, also from Corinthians, who went on to be an all-time great for Brazil playing in three World Cups and winning 122 caps, scoring 43 goals.
Arsenal fielded a young team which included five players (Tony Burns, Peter Storey, David Court, Jon Sammels and George Armstrong) who were 21 or younger and they proved to have too much zest for the occasion as they comfortably beat Brazil playing in a change kit of blue shirts and shorts - with a goal in each half from Jon Sammels.
It was a great result for a team struggling in the league Arsenal finished 14th that season, spelling the end of Billy Wright's reign as manager.
With thanks to Andy Exley and the Arsenal programme team. Read the full story in Saturday's Brazil v Argentina programme.Copyright 2017 The Arsenal Football Club plc. Permission to use quotations from this article is granted subject to appropriate credit being given to www.arsenal.com as the source


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Watching the huge small cell snit, I thought I would partition the fight and talk about drawing comb. It seems to be a mystery to many what it's causes and promotions are. It is a given that Apis Mellifera-xxx builds a wide variety of comb sizes, but we are not going to talk about that! Lets talk about the various conditions and coersions we apply to our colonies to get them to draw comb we want in our boxes. My basic beliefs are as follows:
1. Bees draw comb only when they need it, not when you want it drawn.
2. Comb is only drawn when they have an income. I don't care if it is their natural labor or welfare from the beekeeper.
3. Bees produce cells for a purpose and build worker size cells best when they do not need drones. When they need drones, they will build the cells come hell or high water somewhere.
Any comments?


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Welcome to the forum.
You need to get to a shop and handle all of these firearms you're considering. It doesn't matter how we like them, if you don't like how they feel. The grip on the G19 will feel the same as the G17. Of those you have listed, the Stoeger Cougar would be my choice. I have one that my girlfriend picked out. It has 1400 flawless rounds through it, and is a great shooter for the money. The weight doesn't matter, and I would prefer a heavier firearm if it isn't to be a carry weapon.(?) Also, the XD9 can be had for about $400 and is a good option as well (yes, I own one).


text: I have a deep box trap full of old black comb set in an old Pine tree. I look at it every week. For the past 2 mornings at about 10:00 am there are at least 20 to 30 bees at a given time coming in and out of the 1-inch diameter hole, and kind of clotting the hole. However my sense is that they don't act like an established hive with purposeful trips in and out. I thought I had caught a swam, but both days now in the afternoon I see maybe one or two bees and that's it. The location is pretty consistent with the amount of light it gets. My thought is at least bees in the area know of the existence of the box, and the chances are pretty good now?


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Couple finds meth lab in yard
SULLIVAN COUNTY, Tenn. - Many families took advantage of the warm weather this past weekend by doing a little yard work. However, while cleaning up a little brush and garbage, the Crumb family found an unwelcomed surprise.
"My husband was doing the majority of the cleaning up when he came across a nice little surprise that ruined our whole Sunday," said Janet Crumb.
Crumb told us they were cleaning around the trees on the side of their property when they came across a bottle. "He picked it up and was just going to throw it away until he noticed there was something inside, some white powder stuff inside. [He] wasn't quite sure what it was," she said.
It didn't take the couple long to realize they had a shake-and-bake meth lab in their hands and the Sullivan County Sherriff's office says it's not unusual. "Most meth makers don't want to throw the one-pot bottles in their trash because a lot of people now know what to look for," said Leslie Earhart, public information officer for Sullivan County.
So instead they throw it on your property, which police say can be dangerous. "The problem is the meth waste has the potential to explode, so they're pretty dangerous," said Earhart.
Crumb says it keeps her worried. "It is very scary. I have children. I have three children living at home. I have a grandbaby that's here a lot," she said.
She says now she has to educate them against her wishes. "Now we have to teach our children what to look for when it comes to these containers, ingredients people to use make meth," said Crumb.
The sheriff's department encourages anyone who finds anything suspicious on their property to stay away and call the police so they can dispose of it properly.


text:
Get the Wolves newsletter
07:00 1st July 2013
Head Coach predicts good football
Kenny Jackett believes Wolves fans may be surprised by the quality of football in League One as he acknowledged there will be a "high motivation level" for teams coming up against the Molineux Men this season.
While Wolves are shaping up for their first third tier campaign in two-and-a-half decades, the Head Coach has more of a recent working knowledge of the division from his time leading Millwall – with new Assistant Head Coach Joe Gallen – to promotion.
And he believes that in some cases there will be more football seen in League One than in the second half of last season's Championship which became ultra-competitive.
"I've been in the Championship for three years but think there will be some football teams in League One," Jackett said.
"I think there'll be more football than maybe people are expecting.
"It won't be as physical as people are expecting – there will be quite a bit of football played as well.
"There'll be more constructive football than people are thinking when they talk about physical pressure and so on.
"The Championship is quite often the one for that.
"The second half of last season was very physical in the Championship. There was a lot of competition and not a great deal of football.
"It was that tight that maybe people were a little bit nervous and didn't necessarily settle down.
"There'll be more football than I'd think people would anticipate, and a high level of motivation against Wolves.
"It's the level of commitment against a club like Wolves that everyone will find – that's the biggest thing everyone will see."
It is the recent Premier League experience of Wolves that Jackett believes makes the team a scalp next season, and provides the players with an added challenge beyond football alone.
"It was tough for some of the bigger teams to get out when they were there and every game was a Cup Final," said Jackett.
"You have to make sure you deal with that.
"We know we will be a scalp and have to be ready for that – there will be a big motivation level against Wolves this year.
"When you are at a big club like Wolves, you can watch the opposition's game before and then the Wolves game and you will see a different team.
"That's how it will be – and it's a compliment really to the fact that Wolves have been in the upper echelons of the divisions in recent years.
"You will see a big 'up' in the opposition's performances."
And Jackett does see plenty of candidates when it comes to Wolves aiming to compete at the top end of the division.
"There is more of a differential between teams (in League One) but there is always a surprise package or two as well," he added.
"Last year it was Yeovil.
"From being in the bottom section of that division for a while they suddenly got promoted through the play-offs.
"Other than that you would expect the likes of Preston, as an ex-Championship club, to find their feet in there.
"Brentford look strong, and barring a penalty would be in the Championship now.
"They have added to last year as well. Sheffield United are also a genuinely big club and I would also say watch the clubs coming up. Rotherham, for example, have got a good budget this year and a new stadium and it's worth watching them and Gillingham – teams which have got a bit of momentum."
"This is the start of the season, and our aim is to get promoted next year," he continued.
"We are not talking about a three year plan, we are talking about our aim being to get promoted. "There is a transition needed in the team and that is an obvious fact to everyone.
"And we hope that will happen sooner rather than later.
"You want to start well because otherwise you give yourself too much to do.
"A good start is vital and some encouraging signs for the team will be important in the first months as well.
"All of us need to see some encouraging signs in terms of the development of the players and the team. That's going to be very important for the future and for the team."
Gareth Prosser on debuts and development
2 days ago
Wolves will travel to Austria for their 2017/18 pre-season trainin....
4 days ago
News on out-of-contract players
6 days ago
Leicester City to visit Molineux
15 May 2017
Winger scoops quartet of awards
10 May 2017
Backroom staff storm to victory
09 May 2017


text:
So, I get a 2 deep hive with zero bees. No brood and fermented honey. Several moth larva trails and honey running out of the comb. I place the frames out in the open and it was immediately covered by honey bees (not mine, mine are far away) and even more yellow jackets. I plan on freezing the frames tomorrow. They still smell funny and glisten but almost all the liquid is gone.
Usable frames or garbage? What say yall?


text:
[Article]-Tutorial: Rainbow Tables and RainbowCrack
Hats off Chris!
Tutorial: Rainbow Tables and RainbowCrack
Student mentor, course developer & .mil red team member, Chris Gates will bring you a number of written and video tutorials.
Ophcrack Live CD
The Ophcrack LiveCD is a bootable Linux CD-ROM containing ophcrack 2.3 and a set of tables (SSTIC04-10k). It allows for testing the strength of passwords on a Windows machine without having to install anything on it. Just put it into the CD-ROM drive, reboot and it will try to find a Windows partition, extract its SAM and start auditing the passwords.
Getting it
You can download the ISO image from SourceForge mirrors.
You will find ophcrack 2.3 release (source tarball and win32 installer) at the root of the CD-ROM. The tables are located in directory 'ophcrack/10000'. Please feel free to install ophcrack and copy the tables on your harddisk if you want to use ophcrack outside of the LiveCD.
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 1 guest


text:
Tutor -- Discussion for learning programming with Python
About Tutor
This list is for folks who want to ask questions regarding how to learn computer programming with the Python language.
Python (http://www.python.org) is a programming language which many feel is a good first language, because it makes it easy to express the fundamental concepts of programming such as data structures and algorithms with a syntax which many find easy to read and write.
Folks interested in learning about programming with Python are encouraged to join, as are folks interested in helping others learn. While the list is called tutor, anyone, whether novice or expert, can answer questions.
If individuals wish to start off-line conversations about a particular concept and become one-on-one tutor/tutee, that's fine. If either party wants to summarize what they learned for others to benefit, that's fine too.
There is a searchable interface to archived Tutor messages on Activestate's web site and another one at Gmane.
There are many on-line resources that can help you get started with Python. See the Beginners Guide for a list of some good ones.
To see the collection of prior postings to the list, visit the Tutor Archives.
Hope this helps,


text:
I know that in 1787 Huber discovered that queens mated outside of hives. In 1788 he reported that he had two queens that mated more than once. In more modern times, entomologists have stated that Queens have been on up to three mating flights.
Is there any recent scientific Information that Queens are mated more than two or three times?


text:
Did you forget your voice mail password? How about problems with the fax machine? Going on a trip and need to manage call forwarding? Whatever your question, we make sure our digital telephone support has the answers.
Cox Service Protection Plan
Last Updated: Wed, 24 May 2017 > Related Articles
Learn about the Cox Service Protection Plan and how this service can benefit you.
The Cox Service Protection Plan
The Cox Service Protection Plan (CSPP) is a comprehensive wire repair, education, and isolation plan offered by Cox.
- The plan may reduce or eliminate the cost of fixing or replacing certain home wiring from the demarcation point to your TVs, high-speed Internet modem, and telephones connected to Cox service. The demarcation point is the wall jack or outlet where the Cox service enters your home.
- The plan also offers consultation with a Cox representative to help identify system components that may be contributing to a problem with a Cox service, regardless of whether the components were provided by Cox or not.
Included Services
The following wiring, education, and issue isolation services are included under CSPP.
- Internal wiring
- This includes maintenance of all coax cable and telephone internal wiring running from the outside of the home to the back of any TV, cable box receiver, modem, or telephone jack.
- For apartment residents, internal wiring runs from the wall jack / outlet to the customer premise equipment. Cutting and replacing drywall is not included.
- Drilling or threading new tunnels in the walls for running cable or wire is not included.
- Repair and replacement of wire from the demarcation point to the telephone jack, Internet modem, or video receiver
Note: Cox will not perform "wall fishing" or "wall punching" under the CSPP in performing wiring repairs.
- Replacing fittings, splitters, amplifiers, and outlets installed or existing in accordance with accepted industry standards, regardless of installer or vendor
- Basic customer education as it relates to Cox Service and Cox-provided equipment
- Troubleshooting and isolating problems with Cox Service and Cox-provided equipment
- Analysis of customer-owned equipment that may be impeding Cox Service
Note: This is a best efforts service and Cox has no liability for this opinion including additional equipment or service that may be required.
- Identification and verification that Cox-owned equipment and Cox Services are working properly
Excluded Services
The following are excluded from the coverage under CSPP.
- Fees associated with installation, removal, or relocation of, or change to, Cox Services
- Installation or relocation of jacks or outlets
- New wall fishing or wall hole punches
- Maintenance or repair of Category 5 cable unless installed by Cox
- Computer configuration assistance
- Wiring repair or replacement due to premises damage (for example, fire or flood) or remodeling of the premises
- Repair or replacement of receiver, remote units, including battery replacement
- Installation of home entertainment systems and related equipment
- Wiring damage caused by vandalism, fire, flood, earthquake, Acts of God, or gross negligence or willful damage
Adding or Canceling CSPP
CSPP is an optional plan. It provides coverage for as long as you subscribe to it.
- You can add CSPP at any time.
- If you terminate CSPP, there is a six month waiting period before you can re-add this service to your account.
- If you are a military servicemember being transferred or deployed, or you are transferring to another Cox location, then there is no waiting period to re-add CSPP.
- You may cancel at any time.
- Service fees are automatically applied if you sign up, receive a service call, then cancel within 90 days of the sign-up date. The total 90 day cost for CSPP is $20.97, while a one time service call fee is $75.00.
- The 90-day-cancel service fees are waived if you are a military service member being transferred or deployed, or you are transferring your Cox service to another Cox location, then your CSPP will not incur service call charges.
For more information, see Cox Service Protection Plan Terms and Conditions.
Need More Help?
- Get Help Via Chat
- Join the Discussion Support Forums
- Find Your Nearest Service Center
- Give Us A Call 24/7 Phone Support


text:
Alright well I just got a new dremel and decided to start on my armor. I cut it out and sorta sanded it down. How does it look for my first cut? Do I need to scratch this one and start over?
sorry for the chocolate covered shirt I just got off of work


text:
All formulas are in Hill order.
No matching species were found which start with the specified formula.
© 2016 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Copyright for NIST Standard Reference Data is governed by the Standard Reference Data Act.
If you have comments or questions about this site, please contact us.


text:
yep. Nailed it.
The wisdom of babes
Oooohhh look! Shiny!
Comments are closed.
The Newest Islamist Attack on America
Help Save Fox News, Help Protect Freedom
"The Islamofascist War Against Freedom"
"Meltdown With Keith Olbermann" by David Forsmark
"Generation South Park" by Chris Yogerst
"A Spoonful of Saccharine" by Tim and Alissa Birkel
"Global Warming: Exposing the Far Left's Lies" By F. Swemson
"Smarmy Sanchez" by Paul Cooper
"Marc Lamont Hill's List of Overrated Black People" by NewsReal
"Leaping Back to the Founding" by David Swindle
"Alinsky, Beck, Satan, and Me" by David Horowitz
"Unreal Time with Bill Maher" by David Swindle
"Crackpot Chronicles: Van Jones, Glenn Beck, Ron Paul, Rorschach, the Truthers, And Me." by David Swindle
"Chairman Dunn: Stand-Up Comedian" by NewsReal
NewsReal Vs. David Frum
Kathy Shaidle
Beat: Media Matters
David Forsmark
Beats: Keith Olbermann, Chris Matthews
Joseph Klein
Beat: Bill O'Reilly
Matthew Vadum
Beat: Glenn Beck
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Beats: Rick Sanchez, NewsReal Sunday
Tim and Alissa Birkel
Beat: Rachel Maddow
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Blog at WordPress.com.


text:
New student registration for the spring 2014 semester at Pulaski Technical College began Nov. 4 and will continue through Jan. 9.
Classes begin Jan. 13.
Prospective students should submit an application for admission online by clicking here and submit all required admissions documents as soon as possible. First time college students- those who have never attended any other college or university-must apply and submit all required admissions documents no later than January 3, and must meet minimum reading requirements for admission. Early appointment registration will be held from November 4-January 6. Late walk-in registration will be January 7-9. Students should plan to register early for the best course selection.
Some students may need to submit ACT or COMPASS scores. The COMPASS test is administered in the Campus Center on the Main Campus at 3000 West Scenic Drive, on a walk-in basis from 8:30 a.m.- 6 p.m. Tuesdays; 8:30 a.m.-2:30 p.m. Wednesdays, and 9-11 a.m. on the first Saturday of the month. Students can also take the test at the college's Little Rock-South site at 13000 Interstate 30 on Thursdays from 8:30 a.m.-6 p.m. The test fee is $20.
Payment by financial aid, a payment plan or in full is due January 9. Students also should apply early for financial aid because aid can take four to six weeks to be awarded after receipt of all required documentation.
For more information, call (501) 812-2231 or email email@example.com. The spring 2013 schedule of classes is available by clicking here.
Pulaski Technical College


text: Ok I'm bad at detailing now. I made a mistake of using a wash cloth to wash my truck and it must have been stiff because I have all the surface scratches that need buffed out. I had some nasty stuff in my front fender and the best thing I had to remove it was a rubbing compound (insert eyeroll) you can imagine how that is. So what I need is a proper lesson on wax detailing. Should I pick up an electric buffer to help out? What's a good wax to make black shine like a diamond? And any other info to restore what I've messed up thanks


text: Californians are buying more guns than ever.Those who keep the statistics don't speculate on why the numbers are spiking, but to enthusiasts on the ground, it's clear. Times are tough, and the future is uncertain, said gun sellers and experts in the field, leaving people looking for an extra layer of security. November's election brought heightened fears of impending regulation, spurring some buyers to bite the bullet and make purchases they might otherwise have put off.


text:
Navy Harper Sabrina Liners
- Overview
Our Sabrina Baskets are at their best when accented with a durable liner. Easy to wash, the liners help keep the baskets clean, and Harper's ribbons give each basket a touch of color.
- Medium: 12" square at top, 9" square at bottom, 6" high
- Large: 12" square at top, 9" square at bottom, 9.5" high
- X-Large: 17" square at top, 14" square at bottom, 9" high
- Round Hamper: 16.5" diameter, 23.75" high
- Drawstring tie.
- Simply designed to work in any child's room, regardless of age.
- Designed to fit beautifully with most of our furniture.
- Baskets are available individually or as a set of 2.
- Gingham canvas liners (sold separately) can be personalized.
- Medium and Large Sabrina Baskets fit well in our Cameron Wall System, including Cubbies, Open Bases and Shelf Bookcases.
- Dimensions & Care
- Liners are made of 100% cotton canvas.
- Machine wash in warm water; gentle cycle.
- Use only nonchlorine bleach, if needed.
- Tumble dry on low heat; remove promptly.
- Warm iron as needed.
- Wipe with a soft, dry cloth.
- Shipping & Return Info
Standard UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 4-5 business days.
Next Day Delivery and Processing
We can arrange for next day delivery to most destinations within the contiguous 48 states, for an extra charge of $17.50 per address. If we receive your order by 6pm PT Monday through Friday, you'll receive your order the next business day; orders placed on Friday after 6pm PT through Sunday will arrive on Tuesday. Note: Next Day Delivery service is not available for some oversized items, Premium In-Home White Glove Delivery, out of stock items, personalized items or for items shipped directly from the manufacturer.
Select oversized items have an additional delivery and processing surcharge; this charge is listed below the item price.
View the complete Shipping and Delivery Information page.
At Pottery Barn Kids, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction is our priority. We carefully inspect your order prior to shipment; upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage. We will arrange for a prompt replacement. If, within 7 days for Quick Ship upholstery and 30 days for all other products, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value.
If your return for Merchandise Credit Cards is greater than $10,000, we will issue $10,000 in Merchandise Credit Cards to you that day, and then mail additional Merchandise Credit Card(s) for the amount in excess of $10,000 to you.
For returns of items purchased from your Pottery Barn Kids registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later.
Delivery fees are non-refundable and prior purchases are not eligible for a price adjustment. The following items are non-eligible for returns or exchanges:
- Personalized/Monogrammed items
- Mattresses
- Gift cards
- Special-order items (including made-to-order upholstery and custom order rugs)
- Final Sale items (identified by a price ending in $.97 or $.99)
- Items damaged through normal wear and tear.
Questions? See our full Returns Policy.
Medium Basket Liner
- Personalization
- Online Only
Large Basket Liner
- Personalization
- Online Only
XL Basket Liner
- Personalization
- Online Only
Hamper Liner
- Personalization
- Online Only
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Simply White Sabrina Basket Collection
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- Everyday Value


text:
|GTA V Latest News | #GTAV | #GTAOnline
2012 Liberty Gangnam Style
Grand Theft Auto IV - General News | @ 05:05 AM MDT | By Ash_735
You really can't escape Gangnam Style these days, the smash hit Korean Pop song which has spread like mad over the Internet and spawned off many parody videos, it was only a matter of time before we saw a Grand Theft Auto version! Today we thank Auxeum for his attempt at remaking the video in Grand Theft Auto IV:
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text: Okay...Skater Grrrl is 13yo, Intermediate level this year, working diligently on double axel. She has her program music for SP and LP this year. She's a fast skater and she's an "athletic" skater. She doesn't have a lithe build and although she takes ballet and needs to continue to progress in line, and stretch, and positions, she's probably also never going to be a lyrical, ballerina type on the ice. (She could surprise us, but still....) She's also not the personality type for Chicago/Sing Sing Sing/Harlem Nocturne. We saw a lot of that in Juvenile last year, and kiddo just doesn't "shake her stuff" very well. However, she of course needs to be a well-rounded skater and develop her second mark skills. Sometimes, seeing other skaters who are similar and successful can help. Looking for any videos of women who are known for maybe not always being a natural lyrical skaters (ballerinas on ice), but who have strong artistry, style and ability to connect with the audience. Thanks!


text:
Many, Many Questions about CEH v6???
I have just downloaded practice tests from uCertify for what I think is version 6. It is for the 312-50 exam. Is that version 6? I would like to get a book to go along with this, but everything I see is years old except for these 2:
http://astore.amazon.com/thedigitalcon- ... 1435488539
http://astore.amazon.com/thedigitalcon- ... 143548360X
Which of these books would be better? Is there a book that would be better for me other than these 2? I want to make sure that whatever book I get covers the new material in the v6 exam. I have not worked with much with network security although I do have Security + certification and have been in IT for about 10 years doing mostly PC work with a little server background (Server 2003 MCP).
Thanks to all who could point me in the right direction.....


text:
Chaplet of Divine Mercy / Reflections
Chaplet of Divine Mercy
This is a contemporary, fresh version of the Chaplet of Divine Mercy - a prayer that pleads God's mercy on the whole world. It was recorded live at the National Shrine of the Divine Mercy, in Stockbridge, Massachusetts.
Contact Information
EWTN Religious Catalogue
(800) 854-6316
Reflections with Fr. Leo Clifford
In these popular meditations, Fr. Leo Clifford, O.F.M. shares his reflections about various topics.
Contact Information
Fr. Leo Clifford
PO Box 3367
Palm Beach, FL 33480
Tapes Available


text:
Jennifer Coolidge is a MILF with big juicy titsTuesday, April 27th, 2010
Aww shit, this is what I'm talkin' about! Finally, the real deal. Jennifer Coolidge is taking her fiery-hot milf persona to a whole new level. A new level that reaches out to milf-loving stiff cocks from all around. I bet if you type milf in google and click images, the pictures of this devilish mamacita will pop up in the search results. Totally expected. Let's begin with her tits, they are the juiciest tits I've seen in a while after Anna Nicole Smith. There's nowhere in this world I want my face to be in right now than between her massive jugs.
Next, her curves. Who else can possibly be built like a coca-cola bottle expect she is probably way sexier! Oh and let's not forget about those luscious lips made for sucking cocks for hours! Now here's the bonus…if youre wondering wether she's shaved or grows a bush, wonder no more. Seen here is Jennifer's never before seen shot of her pussy…and just as imagined it to be, she is shaved which is perfect so I can see the wet cunt I'm pounding for when I get to bang her in my dreams!


text:
Update on student death
BINGHAMTON, NY -- One student was killed and three injured in a car accident while participating in a summer research experience in Costa Rica. Zoe Damon, a rising junior majoring in biology, died when the van she was a passenger in, driven by Associate Professor of Environmental Studies Richard Andrus, went off the road. Three other passengers were injured, none with life-threatening injuries.
The entire Binghamton University community is saddened by news of this tragic accident and the loss of one of our own, said President C. Peter Magrath. Our thoughts and prayers are with the family of Zoe
Damon and the others who were injured in the accident.
Binghamton University and the Office of International Programs are committed to offering ongoing support and assistance to the students involved in this accident, and their families. The majority of students participating in the program have returned home. Two remain for another day or two while their passports, which were lost in the accident, are replaced. Associate Professor Richard Andrus will remain with them to see to any details in Costa Rica. The University Counseling Center is available to assist students and/or to provide consultation on alternative resources. Call the Counseling Center at 607-777-2772 during normal business hours, or University Police at 607-777-2222 to reach the after-hours Counselor on Call.


text: I was thinking of you during that game, Cyn! It's easier to watch games like that when you don't have a horse in the race. maybe I'll root for the Falcons now that the Packers are out. Not sure why they had to stink it up so bad like that. argh. Hoping the Texans put up a good fight! I hate Tom Brady.


text:
Has Liam Already Moved On?
Liam Hemsworth may still be following his ex-fiance on Twitter, but it looks like he is already moving on! The newly single guy's love life is already "catching fire" with another girl, Mexican actress/singer, Eiza Gonzalez. The two were seen out partying in Las Vegas together, looking very flirty! Liam and Miley's split was just announced yesterday, but Liam sure isn't spending any time in mourning!
Eiza is a 23-year-old Mexican actress/singer and the daughter of a successful model. According to other people at the club who saw Liam and Eiza together, Liam couldn't take his eyes off Eiza—who was wearing a skin-tight hot pink mini dress—and they were inseperable the whole night. No one witnessed a kiss though! Was Liam just flirting?
Who do you think Liam should date next? What about Miley? Share your picks in the comments!


text:
49er fan - I think the 49ers will win.
Giants fan - You're a ******bag...That's NY Fans for you.
When I was in San Francisco a few years ago to visit a buddy, we walked out of a gym and noticed hundreds of people wearing 49ers colors and gear marching down a main street. I asked my buddy wtf was going on and he said "It's just another gay pride parade." I thought he was joking, but he was dead serious.
When the 49ers crowd is shown on TV, I'm always reminded of that parade.
Edit: I don't like using the term 'butt hurt', but after hearing 49er fans cry, and after seeing Alex Smith and Vernand Davis's interviews on Fox a few weeks ago....that's the term that best describes their feelings about the Giants.
Last edited by BeatYale; 10-08-2012 at 12:48 PM.


text:
Discussion in 'Football, Baseball, and Hockey' started by buddahfan, Oct 15, 2007.
Good Point. Brady or Manning would have to seriously step up their game.
The only way that they could beat us would be to use illegal video equipment or by manipulating the sound system of the arena.
I know we are joking here, but these last couple of comments sound like those arrogant homer fans of 2004-2006, who thought that the Pistons were unbeatable...you all remember them days dontcha??
Ever since Sammy Morris went down I've lost 4 straight fantasy games. he may be Pats best runner. Doesn't equal Harrison but Pats own the league and the exchamps go down hard. Man up Buddha before we come looking for you in all your other threads.!!
That's true. But I don't think we could ever match up to the arrogant Lakers fans of the championship year. Those dudes were absolutely certain that they were superior. Even Mike Hart isn't that arrogant.
ESPN - Shula suggests asterisk if Patriots go undefeated - NFL
Sounds like Shula is getting worried.
Cue the Jaws theme song... Exactly. I haven't noticed much of a drop off in their play since "Spygate". This team is just good. Period.
One of the guys at work came wearing a Colts shirt and he's kind of down. I told him not to be upset that Patriots are just better. He's a bandwagon-ass cat anyways. He moved to Cali recently and since local teams stink he decided to root for Indy.
Laker fan believed that for a whole decade after after losing to Pistons in 89 and and the bulls in 91 that they were still the best team and only because of sudden retirement of Magic in 92 that the Jordans ruled...Once they got Shaq in 97 or so they thought they were the best again and you couldn't tell them nada once they got that first ring in 2000. By the way I am convinced that the Pats are the best until they lose...
I will concede that the Pats are better than the Colts, but not by so much that the Colts might not beat them if the two play each other in the AFC playoffs. I think that the Steelers may have a shot at beating the Pats, but it will be a long one. Other than that it is looking pretty good for a 16 - 0 season for the Pats. Does anyone here think that the Powerhouse Lions can beat the Pats if they play in the Super Bowl?
Any team can beat any team on any given Sunday.
I agree with Shula. Belichick is a sneaky little s--t. I hope the media make a big deal outta this later on.
Are you sure about that? Would you put your money where your mouth is? As currently configured with personnel assuming no injuries the Dolphins could play the Pat 100 times and they would never beat them
I am pretty sure about that. Anything is possible. Am I willing to bet my money on it? No. But it is not because I am afraid. I just don't bet. Doesn't matter whether I'm sure of something or not.
I would really consider it with those 100:1 odds you are giving Buddah.
It would take 50 years to find out.
I don't bet either, but if I did, I'd be afraid to make that bet. That doesn't mean that they can't beat them, just that they're unlikely to. You just proved yourself wrong. That's the exact reason that it's considered GAMBLING. If it was a sure thing, there'd be no such thing as sports betting. Everyone would win. Why is sports betting such a big deal? Because on any given Sunday, any team can beat another. Touche!
I just had this thought: Every year when a few teams are undefeated around halfway through the season, scores of sports analysts are writing stories entitled "Why team X won't finish the season undefeated." Have we been hearing anything like that so far this year about the Patriots? That's scary. This team looks like it has convinced everyone. Even Buddah admits they are the best right now.
according to sports bookies at this point the patriots will be atleast 10 point favorites in every game the rest of the seaon? just scary... and now with the shula issue.... this team will not let up, i don't see them overlooking anybody. they do have a few tough games coming up, but i can see them still being undefeated when they host indy. Another great game i'm looking forward to.
Separate names with a comma.


text: I ran out of cold cast this weekend to do a full helmet and wanted to have a little fun. After seeing photos of the Super Trooper, I though I would give it a shot. Here is what I was trying to reproduce Super Trooper Both ears are cold cast and the rest is white resin. What do you think?


text: I hope you enjoy your week atop the leaderboard darth because as you already stated I stacked my pitching staff this week. Nine starts for you. One of my best closers went on the DL however. You have an opening to get catergory or two. You can be happy with yourself losing 2-8 this week. =)


text:
Town Square
A step backward for non-English speakers
Original post made by R.S., Downtown North, on Sep 9, 2006
P.S. -- In researching this, I found an article printed in a Gilroy newspaper that says Measure A contains a number of "brazenly" false statements designed to mislead voters. I wonder why the Palo Alto papers haven't printed this yet.
Web Link
a resident of Ventura
on Sep 9, 2006 at 9:02 pm
Three cheers for Drekmeier. Only citizens can vote and you need to know English to be a citizen. Let's seal the borders!
a resident of Barron Park
on Sep 11, 2006 at 1:10 am
The advocates for Measure A were gathering signatures to qualify for the ballot. The singatures did not have to be from a certain race- just registered to vote. Election materials are multi-lingual and prepared by the County so R.S. should not confuse qualifying for the ballot versus the actual ballot and accompanying materials. It is called democracy. Put it on the ballot and let people vote.
a resident of Mountain View
on Sep 14, 2006 at 12:50 pm
I'd be interested in knowing whether Drekmeier & Company did any kind of outreach on this ballot measure in the Latino community? It would seem that he gathered signatures only in lilly white areas like Palo Alto. One would hope that he and his team believe (and practice) diversity.
a resident of Juana Briones School
on Sep 15, 2006 at 2:30 pm
Lily White Palo Alto? Hmmm...I am fairly certain that 40% of our school kids, at least in our school, are ELL. ( English Language Learners). As well, I believe that at our school, the second language is Korean. I am pretty sure Palo Alto is turning ....well, whatever color would be a mix of everyone..Diversity is one of the things I love about this area.
a resident of Menlo Park
on Sep 16, 2006 at 2:23 am
I can't vote on Measure A because I live in Menlo Park, but I have a suspicion why the backers of this ballot measure might have avoided Asians, Latins, Pacific Islanders and other minority groups. Newer arrivals to this area probably find the lack of affordable housing to be outrageous and have figured out that regulations promoting open space, such as Measure A, have the unintended consequence of pushing up land prices, which means higher rents. Open space is much more popular among the Haves than the Have-Nots.


text:
Notable Oregonians: Dr. Elijah White - Physician, Pioneer
Elijah White was born in New York State in 1806 and educated at the medical college in Syracuse, New York. The Methodist Church appointed him to be physician to a Willamette Valley, Oregon mission in 1836. Over time his disagreements over policy with Jason Lee, who ran the mission, led to White's resignation and return to the East in 1841.
The next year he was appointed sub-Indian agent and in that capacity led the first wagon train ever to include more than 100 people to Oregon. Once back in Oregon, White established a law code for the Nez Perce Indians and sought to make peace with the Cayuse and Walla Walla Indians who were threatening to attack missions. He also conducted a census of persons living south of the Columbia River.
He was a member of the Committee of Twelve named in 1843 at the second "Wolf Meeting" to consider military and civil protections for Willamette Valley settlers. In 1845 White located a pass through the coastal mountains to the head of Yaquina Bay at present day Newport. The same year he returned East to deliver an Oregon Provisional Government memorial to the U.S. Congress. He returned to Oregon in 1850 and worked to promote Pacific City near present-day Ilwaco, Washington. Eleven years later in 1861 White was commissioned as a special Indian agent for the territory west of the Rocky Mountains and soon went to California.
He died on April 3, 1879.


text:
Town Square
China's Other Hobby
Original post made by Tom Cushing, Danville, on Feb 21, 2013
A much more insidious, if plain-sight threat to western interests is examined in African economist Dambisa Moyo's thorough, insightful book: "Winner Take All." In it, she describes the upstream end of China's insatiable manufacturing economy. For at least the past decade, China has made a concerted push to develop and acquire long-term access so-called commodity resources all over the world.
Moyo's focus is on the Third World, where, ironically, the Communist country's approach has been to partner with local governments to assist with rich resource development, and then corner the market for the resulting output. China has surpassed the US as Africa's largest trading partner, and its investment in the continent has sky-rocketed. The Chinese way, unfettered by the notion of the "White Man's Burden," contrasts with the traditional Aid Approach of The West, and has so far been locally very well-received. Therein lies the concern.
Doomsayers have a rich history, from Greek mythology's Cassandra and the Bible's Jeremiah, through the early economist Malthus. The latter is particularly relevant here, for he famously predicted that resources increase arithmetically, while human population tends to explode exponentially (or something like it), leading inevitably to shortages, famine and strife. So far, the world at-large has staved-off the Malthusian apocalypse, but sooner or later … It's like somebody telling you you're going to die – they're bound to be right, it's just a question of when.
Dr. Moyo's point is that it will not take a global catastrophe for China's strategy to bear economic and other influential fruit. She is at pains to describe the present approach as strictly economic, as opposed to the neo-colonialism charges that have been leveled against it, by Secretary of State Clinton and others. But she also discusses the direct export of large numbers of Chinese workers and the strong cultural ties being forged between them and the local citizenries. Further, the infrastructure and other development that has accompanied these projects, and the revenues from commodities sales have boosted the fortunes of the receiving societies and their political entities.
Interestingly, Moyo notes that the Chinese push has corresponded to a substantial drop-off in foreign-aid from the West since the financial crisis of 2008. As she asserts elsewhere, most democratic governments levy taxes on their populations and rely on local votes to stay in power, whereas leaders in aid-based countries can be/have been propped-up by foreigners. She sees local development, then, very positively, as the new basis for various African governments' accountability to their peoples. In any event, alliances of mutual advantage are being forged with China. Remember that early scene in The Godfather where Don Corleone says he may never call-in his favor?
To be sure, western companies have long been participants in extraction industries in Africa, Latin America and Asia. Those histories are sometimes sordid, but the better, more recent examples have involved many important elements of the Chinese model -- like infrastructure, local education and advancement of nationals into management positions. The difference here seems to be in the central organization, scale and unified purpose of the Chinese effort. It's not clear that western nations, individually or in concert, have approached these issues so strategically, or with such a long focus.
In the short run, commodities prices for minerals, energy, foodstuffs, etc. are notoriously fickle. In the longer term, however, market forces are very likely to vindicate some of Moyo's predictions. This low-tech phenomenon may ultimately have a greater international economic and diplomatic impact than cyber-hacking, and our middle-school army is no match for it.
As a concluding point, I think it's important that Dr. Moyo's is an African "voice." Albeit she consults with the best investment banks and has degrees from Oxford and Harvard, her frame of reference is distinct from that of a native daughter or son. She didn't grow up thinking of Chinese or Soviets necessarily as the bad guys; Anglos and Americans haven't always worn white hats in her part of the world, either. In our geographic isolation, we risk a lot if we discount the legitimacy and power of such a voice. She's not necessarily correct, but hers is an exceptionally well-informed opinion, and well worth a thoughtful read.
o --- o --- o --- o --- o ---o
Several commenters have noted on several occasions that these blogs are too long, too convoluted and use dollar words when dimes'll do. So as a service to Myers-Briggs Judgers (I'm a Perceiver, in case that's unclear), others for whom context and nuance are mere annoyances, and everybody else who writes better than I do, I offer the Reader's Digest condensed version:
China buys lots of raw materials. They are making many friends, by partnering with resource-rich countries, all over the world. The African economist-author and a dead European doomsayer think this is bad news for everybody else. They may be right.
a resident of Blackhawk
on Feb 21, 2013 at 9:46 pm
even that was too long.
a resident of Alamo
on Feb 22, 2013 at 6:22 am
Darn it! Well Don, maybe ask for a refund?
a resident of another community
on Feb 23, 2013 at 10:47 am
This was interesting always TC. Thank you. I wonder too how this will line up in the future with the trend in Chin now to duplicate (faster and bigger natch) our trend to graduate masses of college graduates unable to find "good" jobs and feeling manufacturing jobs are beneath them. Less Chinese workers would , it seems, be available for "export" and manufacturing outside of China could become more reliant on local labor. I wonder what that will look like in the end...
a resident of Alamo
on Feb 24, 2013 at 7:36 am
Thanks, 2C. See guys? They read me in Boston (if you define 'they' as my friend from middle school). Atlanta, too, when Enderdog shows up. She even made a point about the actual content of the blog, for which I'm also grateful.
To paraphrase the philosopher Bueller, F.: Life moves pretty fast. It's no doubt true that China faces a whole host of challenges -- meeting the the expectations of its burgeoning middle class, as above, control of information in the Digital Age, air polluted enough to gag a chain-smoking Angeleno. They're also looking over Their shoulders at now-lower-cost manufacturing locales. Who knows -- maybe some day they'll have to worry about Sequestration?
I wish I knew more, but I know frighteningly little about a land whose future and ours are bound to be increasingly intertwined. I thought this book was fascinating, though, and certainly credible enough to report-out here.
Any actual China Hands want to chime-in?
a resident of Danville
on Feb 25, 2013 at 10:56 am
U.S. policies have enabled China to become what it is today, a big polluting slave labor empire that undermines the stability of third world governments through bribes.
Democrats enacted pro-labor and pro-environmental policies that raised the cost of U.S. labor. U.S. businesses responded by lobbying for free trade rules that enabled companies to move operations to China and other low cost countries in order to get cheap foreign labor and lax environmental rules.
Free trade enable Americans to enjoy cheap imported goods and cleaner air and water. We can also feel superior to other nations, as the U.S. no longer has as much pollution or as bad of labor practices. All of those evils still exist, of course, just here not as much. We pushed it offshore.
The U.S. also enacted the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which prevents U.S. companies from paying bribes to foreign officials. This gives Chinese companies an advantage with corrupt third world governments, as China is not concerned about bribes.
The good news is, China is starting to get sick of pollution. Just last week, China's Ministry of Finance proposed environmental tax reforms, including the introduction of a carbon tax. Maybe China will follow America's lead and pass laws that push pollution to other low cost countries. Then they can feel smug about themselves too.
a resident of Danville
on Feb 26, 2013 at 12:55 pm
Spcwt seems almost wistful for the days of low wages and unchecked industrial pollution........Ah, the good old days!
a resident of Danville
on Feb 26, 2013 at 4:00 pm
Me? No way. I love clean air and cheap imported goods.
a resident of Danville
on Feb 27, 2013 at 8:01 am
More on China's response to its development/pollution challenges: Web Link
a resident of Danville
on Feb 27, 2013 at 1:06 pm
Thanks for the article CP. It should be required reading for the dreamers who still think we can stop climate change.
Trying to stop climate change is like trying to stop a bus full of unruly teenagers from farting. The adults can agree to hold it in, but that's not going to stop the teens. Better to adapt than try to stop it. Roll down the windows.
Even the so-called mature economies aren't doing a good job reducing CO2 emissions. The developed countries that signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 were supposed to reduce their carbon emissions to 1990 levels by 2010 They ended up INCREASING them by 10% to 20% and more.
Japan promised a 6% reduction relative to its 1990 levels, but instead saw a 7.4% increase, despite 20 years of economic stagnation. Australia, where growth has been more robust, pledged to let carbon increase by no more than 8%. Instead its 1990-2010 emissions rose 47.5%. Netherlands increased by 20%. Canada increased by 24%.
China's CO2 emissions are increasing by over 9% per year. They now account for 30% of all CO2 emissions. The U.S. accounts for 16%. The U.S. and Europe could get rid of every car, bus, and all motorized vehicles and global CO2 emissions would still increase.
I've read China must grow its economy by 8% per year just to create enough jobs for workers displaced from modernizing state-owned industries. As Zou Ji noted in the article, China has no choice but to grow using coal.
How do you tell poor people that they can't rely on cheap coal to rise out of poverty? The average Chinese citizen lives on $2 per day or less. Do you just tell them they must remain poor?
You can't expect the Chinese economy to rely on alternative energy. Low carbon fuels are expensive and will be for the foreseeable future. People who deny that, deny science.
Did you see the comment that China now spends 3% of their GDP on treating smog-related illnesses?
Still glad we outsourced our production to China?
What a disaster.
a resident of Danville
on Feb 27, 2013 at 1:31 pm
@ spcwt -- I was fascinated by your analysis, and I have one question: How do I get my husband to 'agree to hold it in?'
a resident of Danville
on Feb 27, 2013 at 2:13 pm
Open the window.
a resident of Danville
on Feb 28, 2013 at 9:43 pm
One hopeful sign, though, is that China is rapidly developing its manufacturing capacity for solar energy panels.
a resident of Danville
on Mar 1, 2013 at 7:58 pm
Uh... yeah. Solar panels will fix this. ha ha.
That's like peeing in the desert and expecting it to turn into a garden paradise. Not going to happen.
a resident of Danville
on Mar 4, 2013 at 1:42 pm
To date, China has installed 21 gigawatts of solar energy capacity already and has plans to increase that to 35 gigawatts by 2015. That is a lot. This rapid expansion is large part a response to increasing pollution from the burning of fossil fuels.
a resident of Danville
on Mar 5, 2013 at 12:08 pm
21 gigawatts is not a lot.
China has more than 500 gigawatts of coal burning power plants.
China burns almost as much coal as the rest of the world — combined. 3.8 billion tons per year.
And its coal use is growing. China builds, on average, one new coal burning power plant every week. Web Link
a resident of Danville
on Mar 7, 2013 at 10:31 pm
Seems like pretty rapid change in the right direction. It won't be long before China far surpasses the U.S. in solar energy production.


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Lake Tahoe Wedding from Catherine Hall Studios + Stems by DianaYou know what I love about Lake Tahoe? Everything. Everything is perfect for a wedding with so much style it almost hurts, yet that has that sweetly laid back charm every bride is Pinning her heart out to achieve. I
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Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM APO Macro Canon
COMPARISON SELECTION (3 selected items max.) VIEW COMPARISON
Further readings for the Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM APO Macro Canon
To provide photographers with a broader perspective about mobiles, lenses and cameras, here are links to articles, reviews, and analyses of photographic equipment produced by DxOMark, renown websites, magazines or blogs.
Lens Review | January 18, 2012
The Sigma APO MACRO 150mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM is a large-aperture macro-telephoto lens that integrates Sigma's Optical Stabilizer (OS) system.
This 2010 successor to the APO MACRO 150mm F2.8 EX DG HSM, which came on the market in October 2004, incorporates the latest innovations in optics technology.
Added by Lenscracker | July 16 , 2011
follow up
Received the replacement Sigma 150mm EX DG OS HSM APO last week. This lens seems to be very sharp at f2.8. I have my own routine for testing new lenses and this one passed easily. The lens is a fine replacement for Sigma's original 150mm f2.8.
With my 5D2 I can hand hold the lens to 1/25th second in flourescent lighting that requires F2.8 at ISO 3200 with -1 stop exposure adjustment. I do not know the lux value of that setting. I think that is EV -1. I do not think the OS is really good for 4 stops as advertised, but it is good for 2 stops for sure under these lighting conditions. That puts it on par with my Canon 300mm f4 L IS lens. I have no scientific evidence, but that's what it seems like to me.
The auto focus with my 5D2 is a little quirky under the very dim conditions described above. By that I mean that it I can not always use the center af point alone. I have not tried this same test with my 7D, which has a better autofocus system than the 5D2.
Reply | Read all replies for this comment
First replies for this comment
Added by dosdan | August 04 , 2011
Re: follow up
<div id="linkdxomark">
With my 5D2 I can hand hold the lens to 1/25th second in flourescent lighting that requires F2.8 at ISO 3200 with -1 stop exposure adjustment.
1/25s, f/2.8, ISO3200 = 2.6 LV
If you have to use -1 EVcomp in camera to get the exposure you want, that means that you are getting the camera to expose shorter (considering just the variation of shutter speed) than its metering wants too, and that otherwise the camera would treat it as a 1.6 LV exposure.
If instead you apply -1 EV in post processing in your raw processor and no EVcomp in camera, that means that you think that the 2.6 LV exposure that the camera chose is too long and, in your opinion, the metering should have treated the scene as a 3.6 LV exposure.
A Light Value calculator can be found here:
Added by Lenscracker | July 06 , 2011
Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM APO
I received mine by UPS on June 29th. I sent it back to the distributor on July 1st. The OS was not functional and the resolution was horrible. I did ask for a replacement rather than my money back. My fingers are crossed. I really want a macro lens of this focal length, or longer, that has image stabilization and is somewhat weather sealed. Sigma's old 150mm is the lens I used most often with my Canon 5D and 7D cameras. I never used the lens indoors. It was always outside in the elements, so I had to send it in to get dust removed. Now, I am wishing I had kept that lens. Instead, I am hoping that the new model will live up to the quality of the old one.


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Serenity in Small-Town Connecticut
Griswold Inn • Essex, CT
Escape Kit
- A One-Night Stay for Two in a Standard Room, Sundays through Thursdays ($109) or Fridays ($129)
- Bottle of Private-Label Griswold Wine
- Continental Breakfast for Two
Like a good family recipe, the best vacations are steeped in tradition and full of flavor. Spice up your next getaway at The Griswold Inn in Essex, Connecticut, one of the oldest continuously operated inns in the country and a property well-seasoned in the art of hospitality.
This 33-room inn, hailed by New York Magazine as "the real McCoy," is situated right on Main Street of this quintessential New England town. Rooms are appointed with antique furnishings, including four-poster beds and fine reproductions, with views of charming village life peeking through picture windows. Cozy up to the fireplace at the on-site Tap Room, featured in Esquire's Best Bars in America list.
During the day, savor the shopping on Main Street, or get a dose of culture at the Florence Griswold Museum of American Impressionism. Catch a performance at the Katharine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center, indulge in one of the first-rate services at the Spa of Essex, or just relax with a book by the fire in the inn's common room.
Come dinnertime at the inn, let your taste buds simmer over a selection of seasonal dishes such as seared Stonington sea scallops, braised short ribs of beef, or the signature harvest-Riesling fondue. Wash it down with a selection from the inn's award-winning wine list or a pint of the signature Revolutionary Ale.
You've got all the ingredients for a great Escape––all you need to do is fire up your burner.
"Charm, comfort, flawless service, delicious cuisine and absorbing local history are the order of the day in this elegant monument to New England history a short drive from New York City. It's a "must-do" for locals and visitors alike."-- TripAdvisor
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