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Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Less-frequently used synonyms are non-protein-coding RNA (npcRNA), non-messenger RNA (nmRNA), or functional RNA (fRNA). The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene.
Non-coding RNA genes include highly abundant and functionally important RNAs such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as RNAs such as snoRNAs, microRNAs, siRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, piRNAs and scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs that include examples such as Xist and HOTAIR (see here for a more complete list of ncRNAs). The number of ncRNAs encoded within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest the existence of thousands of ncRNAs.[1][2][3][4], but see [5] Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have not been validated for their function.[6] It is also likely that many ncRNAs are non functional (sometimes referred to as Junk RNA), and are the product of spurious transcription.[7][8]
- 1 History and discovery
- 2 Biological roles
- 3 Roles in disease
- 4 Distinction between functional RNA (fRNA) and ncRNA
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
History and discovery[edit]
Nucleic acids were first discovered in 1868 by Friedrich Miescher[9] and by 1939 RNA had been implicated in protein synthesis.[10] Two decades later, Francis Crick predicted a functional RNA component which mediated translation; he reasoned that RNA is better suited to base-pair with an mRNA transcript than a pure polypeptide.[11]
The first non-coding RNA to be characterised was an alanine tRNA found in baker's yeast, its structure was published in 1965.[12] To produce a purified alanine tRNA sample, Robert W. Holley et al. used 140kg of commercial baker's yeast to give just 1g of purified tRNAAla for analysis.[13] The 80 nucleotide tRNA was sequenced by first being digested with Pancreatic ribonuclease (producing fragments ending in Cytosine or Uridine) and then with takadiastase ribonuclease Tl (producing fragments which finished with Guanosine). Chromatography and identification of the 5' and 3' ends then helped arrange the fragments to establish the RNA sequence.[13] Of the three structures originally proposed for this tRNA,[12] the 'cloverleaf' structure was independently proposed in several following publications.[14][15][16][17] The cloverleaf secondary structure was finalised following X-ray crystallography analysis performed by two independent research groups in 1974.[18][19]
Ribosomal RNA was next to be discovered, followed by URNA in the early 1980s. Since then, the discovery of new non-coding RNAs has continued with snoRNAs, Xist, CRISPR and many more.[20] Recent notable additions include riboswitches and miRNA; the discovery of the RNAi mechanism associated with the latter earned Craig C. Mello and Andrew Fire the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[21]
Biological roles[edit]
Noncoding RNAs belong to several groups and are involved in many cellular processes. These range from ncRNAs of central importance that are conserved across all or most cellular life through to more transient ncRNAs specific to one or a few closely related species. The more conserved ncRNAs are thought to be molecular fossils or relics from the last universal common ancestor and the RNA world, and their current roles remain mostly in regulation of information flow from DNA to protein.[22][23][24]
In translation[edit]
Many of the conserved, essential and abundant ncRNAs are involved in translation. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles called ribosomes are the 'factories' where translation takes place in the cell. The ribosome consists of more than 60% ribosomal RNA; these are made up of 3 ncRNAs in prokaryotes and 4 ncRNAs in eukaryotes. Ribosomal RNAs catalyse the translation of nucleotide sequences to protein. Another set of ncRNAs, Transfer RNAs, form an 'adaptor molecule' between mRNA and protein. The H/ACA box and C/D box snoRNAs are ncRNAs found in archaea and eukaryotes. RNase MRP is restricted to eukaryotes. Both groups of ncRNA are involved in the maturation of rRNA. The snoRNAs guide covalent modifications of rRNA, tRNA and snRNAs; RNase MRP cleaves the internal transcribed spacer 1 between 18S and 5.8S rRNAs. The ubiquitous ncRNA, RNase P, is an evolutionary relative of RNase MRP.[26] RNase P matures tRNA sequences by generating mature 5'-ends of tRNAs through cleaving the 5'-leader elements of precursor-tRNAs. Another ubiquitous RNP called SRP recognizes and transports specific nascent proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. In bacteria Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) is an RNP involved in rescuing stalled ribosomes, tagging incomplete polypeptides and promoting the degradation of aberrant mRNA.
In RNA splicing[edit]
In eukaryotes the spliceosome performs the splicing reactions essential for removing intron sequences, this process is required for the formation of mature mRNA. The spliceosome is another RNP often also known as the snRNP or tri-snRNP. There are two different forms of the spliceosome, the major and minor forms. The ncRNA components of the major spliceosome are U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6. The ncRNA components of the minor spliceosome are U11, U12, U5, U4atac and U6atac.
Another group of introns can catalyse their own removal from host transcripts; these are called self-splicing RNAs. There are two main groups of self-splicing RNAs: group I catalytic intron and group II catalytic intron. These ncRNAs catalyze their own excision from mRNA, tRNA and rRNA precursors in a wide range of organisms.
In mammals it has been found that snoRNAs can also regulate the alternative splicing of mRNA, for example snoRNA HBII-52 regulates the splicing of serotonin receptor 2C.[27]
In nematodes, the SmY ncRNA appears to be involved in mRNA trans-splicing.
In DNA replication[edit]
Y RNAs are stem loops, necessary for DNA replication through interactions with chromatin and initiation proteins (including the origin recognition complex).[29][30] They are also components of the Ro60 ribonucleoprotein particle[31] which is a target of autoimmune antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.[32]
In gene regulation[edit]
The expression of many thousands of genes are regulated by ncRNAs. This regulation can occur in trans or in cis. There is increasing evidence that a special type of ncRNAs called enhancer RNAs, transcribed from the enhancer region of a gene, act to promote gene expression.
Trans-acting non-coding RNAs[edit]
In higher eukaryotes microRNAs regulate gene expression. A single miRNA can reduce the expression levels of hundreds of genes. The mechanism by which mature miRNA molecules act is through partial complementary to one or more messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, generally in 3' UTRs. The main function of miRNAs is to down-regulate gene expression.
The ncRNA RNase P has also been shown to influence gene expression. In the human nucleus RNase P is required for the normal and efficient transcription of various ncRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III. These include tRNA, 5S rRNA, SRP RNA, and U6 snRNA genes. RNase P exerts its role in transcription through association with Pol III and chromatin of active tRNA and 5S rRNA genes.[33]
It has been shown that 7SK RNA, a metazoan ncRNA, acts as a negative regulator of the RNA polymerase II elongation factor P-TEFb, and that this activity is influenced by stress response pathways.
The bacterial ncRNA, 6S RNA, specifically associates with RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing the sigma70 specificity factor. This interaction represses expression from a sigma70-dependent promoter during stationary phase.
Another bacterial ncRNA, OxyS RNA represses translation by binding to Shine-Dalgarno sequences thereby occluding ribosome binding. OxyS RNA is induced in response to oxidative stress in Escherichia coli.
The B2 RNA is a small noncoding RNA polymerase III transcript that represses mRNA transcription in response to heat shock in mouse cells. B2 RNA inhibits transcription by binding to core Pol II. Through this interaction, B2 RNA assembles into preinitiation complexes at the promoter and blocks RNA synthesis.[34]
A recent study has shown that just the act of transcription of ncRNA sequence can have an influence on gene expression. RNA polymerase II transcription of ncRNAs is required for chromatin remodelling in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Chromatin is progressively converted to an open configuration, as several species of ncRNAs are transcribed.[35]
Cis-acting ncRNAs[edit]
A number of ncRNAs are embedded in the 5' UTRs (Untranslated Regions) of protein coding genes and influence their expression in various ways. For example, a riboswitch can directly bind a small target molecule; the binding of the target affects the gene's activity.
RNA leader sequences are found upstream of the first gene of amino acid biosynthetic operons. These RNA elements form one of two possible structures in regions encoding very short peptide sequences that are rich in the end product amino acid of the operon. A terminator structure forms when there is an excess of the regulatory amino acid and ribosome movement over the leader transcript is not impeded. When there is a deficiency of the charged tRNA of the regulatory amino acid the ribosome translating the leader peptide stalls and the antiterminator structure forms. This allows RNA polymerase to transcribe the operon. Known RNA leaders are Histidine operon leader, Leucine operon leader, Threonine operon leader and the Tryptophan operon leader.
Iron response elements (IRE) are bound by iron response proteins (IRP). The IRE is found in UTRs of various mRNAs whose products are involved in iron metabolism. When iron concentration is low, IRPs bind the ferritin mRNA IRE leading to translation repression.
Internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) are RNA structures that allow for translation initiation in the middle of a mRNA sequence as part of the process of protein synthesis.
In genome defense[edit]
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) expressed in mammalian testes and somatic cells form RNA-protein complexes with Piwi proteins. These piRNA complexes (piRCs) have been linked to transcriptional gene silencing of retrotransposons and other genetic elements in germ line cells, particularly those in spermatogenesis.
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) are repeats found in the DNA of many bacteria and archaea. The repeats are separated by spacers of similar length. It has been demonstrated that these spacers can be derived from phage and subsequently help protect the cell from infection.
Chromosome structure[edit]
Telomerase is an RNP enzyme that adds specific DNA sequence repeats ("TTAGGG" in vertebrates) to telomeric regions, which are found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. The telomeres contain condensed DNA material, giving stability to the chromosomes. The enzyme is a reverse transcriptase that carries Telomerase RNA, which is used as a template when it elongates telomeres, which are shortened after each replication cycle.
Xist (X-inactive-specific transcript) is a long ncRNA gene on the X chromosome of the placental mammals that acts as major effector of the X chromosome inactivation process forming Barr bodies. An antisense RNA, Tsix, is a negative regulator of Xist. X chromosomes lacking Tsix expression (and thus having high levels of Xist transcription) are inactivated more frequently than normal chromosomes. In drosophilids, which also use an XY sex-determination system, the roX (RNA on the X) RNAs are involved in dosage compensation.[36] Both Xist and roX operate by epigenetic regulation of transcription through the recruitment of histone-modifying enzymes.
Bifunctional RNA[edit]
Bifunctional RNAs, or dual-function RNAs, are RNAs that have two distinct functions.[37][38] The majority of the known bifunctional RNAs are mRNAs that encode both a protein and ncRNAs. However, a growing number of ncRNAs fall into two different ncRNA categories; e.g., H/ACA box snoRNA and miRNA.[39][40]
Two well known examples of bifunctional RNAs are SgrS RNA and RNAIII. However, a handful of other bifunctional RNAs are known to exist (e.g., steroid receptor activator/SRA,[41] VegT RNA,[42][43] Oskar RNA,[44] ENOD40,[45] p53 RNA[46] and SR1 RNA.[47] Bifunctional RNAs have recently been the subject of a special issue of Biochimie.[48]
Roles in disease[edit]
As with proteins, mutations or imbalances in the ncRNA repertoire within the body can cause a variety of diseases.
Many ncRNAs show abnormal expression patterns in cancerous tissues. These include miRNAs,[49] long mRNA-like ncRNAs,[50][51] GAS5,[52] SNORD50,[53] telomerase RNA and Y RNAs.[54] The miRNAs are involved in the large scale regulation of many protein coding genes,[55][56] the Y RNAs are important for the initiation of DNA replication,[29] telomerase RNA that serves as a primer for telomerase, an RNP that extends telomeric regions at chromosome ends (see telomeres and disease for more information). The direct function of the long mRNA-like ncRNAs is less clear.
Germ-line mutations in miR-16-1 and miR-15 primary precursors have been shown to be much more frequent in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia compared to control populations.[57][58]
It has been suggested that a rare SNP (rs11614913) that overlaps has-mir-196a2 has been found to be associated with non-small cell lung carcinoma.[59] Likewise, a screen of 17 miRNAs that have been predicted to regulate a number of breast cancer associated genes found variations in the microRNAs miR-17 and miR-30c-1of patients; these patients were noncarriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, lending the possibility that familial breast cancer may be caused by variation in these miRNAs.[60] The p53 tumor suppressor is arguably the most important agent in preventing tumor formation and progression. The p53 protein functions as a transcription factor with a crucial role in orchestrating the cellular stress response. In addition to its crucial role in cancer, p53 has been implicated in other diseases including diabetes, cell death after ischemia, and various neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington, Parkinson, and Alzheimer. Studies have suggested that p53 expression is subject to regulation by non-coding RNA.[4]
Prader–Willi syndrome[edit]
The deletion of the 48 copies of the C/D box snoRNA SNORD116 has been shown to be the primary cause of Prader–Willi syndrome.[61][62][63][64] Prader–Willi is a developmental disorder associated with over-eating and learning difficulties. SNORD116 has potential target sites within a number of protein-coding genes, and could have a role in regulating alternative splicing.[65]
The chromosomal locus containing the small nucleolar RNA SNORD115 gene cluster has been duplicated in approximately 5% of individuals with autistic traits.[66][67] A mouse model engineered to have a duplication of the SNORD115 cluster displays autistic-like behaviour.[68] A recent small study of post-mortem brain tissue demonstrated altered expression of long non-coding RNAs in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of autistic brains as compared to controls.[69]
Cartilage–hair hypoplasia[edit]
Mutations within RNase MRP have been shown to cause cartilage–hair hypoplasia, a disease associated with an array of symptoms such as short stature, sparse hair, skeletal abnormalities and a suppressed immune system that is frequent among Amish and Finnish.[70][71][72] The best characterised variant is an A-to-G transition at nucleotide 70 that is in a loop region two bases 5' of a conserved pseudoknot. However, many other mutations within RNase MRP also cause CHH.
Alzheimer's disease[edit]
The antisense RNA, BACE1-AS is transcribed from the opposite strand to BACE1 and is upregulated in patients with Alzheimer's disease.[73] BACE1-AS regulates the expression of BACE1 by increasing BACE1 mRNA stability and generating additional BACE1 through a post-transcriptional feed-forward mechanism. By the same mechanism it also raises concentrations of beta amyloid, the main constituent of senile plaques. BACE1-AS concentrations are elevated in subjects with Alzheimer's disease and in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice.
miR-96 and hearing loss[edit]
Variation within the seed region of mature miR-96 has been associated with autosomal dominant, progressive hearing loss in humans and mice. The homozygous mutant mice were profoundly deaf, showing no cochlear responses. Heterozygous mice and humans progressively lose the ability to hear.[74][75][76]
Distinction between functional RNA (fRNA) and ncRNA[edit]
Several publications[77][78][79] have started using the term functional RNA (fRNA), as opposed to ncRNA, to describe regions functional at the RNA level that may or may not be stand-alone RNA transcripts. According to this terminology, there exist fRNA (such as riboswitches, SECIS elements, and other cis-regulatory regions) that are not ncRNA. Yet the term fRNA could also include mRNA as this is RNA coding for protein and hence is functional. Additionally artificially evolved RNAs also fall under the fRNA umbrella term. Some publications[20] state that the terms ncRNA and fRNA are nearly synonymous, however others have pointed out that a large proportion of annotated ncRNAs likely have no function.[7][8] It also has been suggested to simply use the term RNA, since the distinction from a protein coding RNA (messenger RNA) is already given by the qualifier mRNA.[80] This eliminates the ambiguity when addressing a gene "encoding a non-coding" RNA.
See also[edit]
- Extracellular RNA
- List of RNAs
- Nucleic acid structure
- Rfam
- Riboswitch
- Ribozyme
- RNAs present in environmental samples
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External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Non-coding RNA.
- Comprehensive database of mammalian ncRNAs
- The Rfam Database — a curated list of hundreds of families of related ncRNAs
- NONCODE.org — a free database of all kinds of noncoding RNAs (except tRNAs and rRNAs)
- RNAcon Prediction and classification of ncRNA BMC Genomics 2014, 15:127
- ENCODE threads explorer Non-coding RNA characterization. Nature (journal)
- The Non-coding RNA Databases Resource (NRDR) — a curated source of data related to over non-coding RNA databases available over the internet


text:
Domino Glassware
Domino Wine Glasses 12.7oz LCE at 250ml
In stock
Pack of 4
Domino Glassware
These unique black stem glasses form the Domino glassware range to bring a contemporary look to your glassware collection. This range of coloured glassware includes wine goblets, champagne glasses and cocktail glasses and is available with fast UK delivery.
Part of the Arcoroc glassware range, the Domino glass range includes Domino Wine Glasses, Domino Champagne Flutes and Domino Martini Glasses. The Domino black wine glasses are available as Domino LCE wine glasses for use as commercial glassware in licensed establishments.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
State Fair of Texas compelling, if horrible.
Thanksgiving, you may be surprised to learn, is Thursday. Wherever, one wonders, does the time go? If you are unable or unwilling to be host of a Thanksgiving dinner yourself or to attend one of a
Thanksgiving can't go on without the side dishes.
Kitchen mishaps seem prone to happen during holidays.
It seemed like an innocent question at the time. In a column last week, I lamented the lack of places to which you could bring your old cookbooks. The cooking schools have all they need, many (but not all) of the local used book stores have closed,
Buddy Valastro brings his traveling show to the Stranahan.
Traditional Thanksgiving favorites don't need to be routine.
What is to be done with these overflowing one-off treasures?
Milo's has been cutting its own meat since the 1930s.
It's hard enough having to cook for your family without having to make something you don't even touch for the rest of the year. If you are one of the millions who suffers from turkey anxiety, the good folks at The Fresh Market have some


text:
More than 120 young people were caught driving illegally during a week-long police campaign targeting high schools in the Western Bay of Plenty.
The number has shocked principals and the police.
Acting Senior Sergeant Wayne Hunter said police found 17 young people driving without a licence, 66 learner drivers without supervision and 42 restricted drivers travelling with passengers in the car.
Mr Hunter said police targeted the major Western Bay secondary schools before and after school and at lunchtimes each day last week.
"The result was pretty concerning. We're going to look at it again next month," he said. "They haven't got the experience. That's why there are those restrictions."
A 15-year-old unlicensed driver, who rolled a car on Monday, highlighted the potential dangers associated with young people ignoring the law, Mr Hunter said.
The boy took his parents' car, picked up three mates and lost control on a corner at an intersection. He crashed into a roadside barrier, rolled down a slight bank and landed next to a creek. No one was injured.
Drivers aged between 17 and 20 were responsible for most of the learner licence breaches.
"Although most were breaches around schools, there were still enough drivers apprehended after school and early evenings to cause me concern that it is not just around school times this is occurring," Mr Hunter said.
Te Puke High School principal Alan Liddle said he was shocked by the number of young people driving illegally.
Students whose parents allowed them to drive to school had to register their cars with the school, he said.
"It's all about keeping the kids safe but there's always the potential that a kid could turn up without us knowing," he said. "It relies on the kids being co-operative with the school as well."
Tauranga Boys' College principal Robert Mangan said the school also had a permitting system.
"All our boys apply for a permit to bring their car to school and their licence is sighted. If they breach their licence condition, their permit is removed and we will contact their parents and contact the police," he said.
"There are a very small number of boys we catch breaching their licence conditions. We manage their behaviour at school but not outside of there."
For more articles from this region, go to Bay of Plenty Times


text:
Teaching Kids How To Swallow A Pill
I received a question via our iPhone App from 16 year old Steffi. She writes: I take 4 pills a day and can not swallow them! When I try, my tongue pushed the pill to the roof of my mouth. HELP!
I am continually reminded about the number of kids and teens that don't swallow pills, and ask, "does that medication come as a liquid?" Even some of my "adult" patients (code for friends over 40) call and ask if their cholesterol lowering medication is available as a liquid as they just can't swallow a pill! These are people that can run companies!
So...due to that fact, I am convinced, like many things in life, the younger you learn to do something, the easier it is. The old adage, "can't teach an old dog new tricks" is true, young children are excited about trying new things and accomplishing milestones, so put pill swallowing on the list.
I started teaching my own children how to swallow pills when they were around four-years-old. It really came out of necessity when we were on a trip and one of them developed a fever and I did not have any liquid Tylenol with me. Being the novice "parent pediatrician" at the time, I thought I could just "push the pill down their throat", like the dog. Guess what? It doesn't work, as they just gagged and threw up all over me! Lesson learned.
I have found the best way to teach a younger child to swallow a pill is to make it a game. I took the boys to the nearest 7-Eleven where we bought their favorite tic-tacs (coated on the outside like a caplet so won't stick) and then let them pick their favorite sugary horrible never allowed drink. I think it was a Coke or 7-Up at the time (forbidden fruit at home).
We went home with candy and drinks in hand (mini M&Ms also work well) and began the tutorial. It helps to have a little friendly competition too. Show your child how to put the tic-tac on the back of their tongue (not on the tip) and then have them "GUZZLE" the drink. That is why you need to use their favorite drink so they really want to drink it robustly. You can't learn to swallow a pill with a small amount of liquid, you need a "big gulp" to wash it down.
When kids are younger they usually don't worry about "choking" or gagging, but once they are older they start analyzing and worrying about how the pill will get stuck or gag them and their anxiety gets in the way. Look at it like going down a slide for the first time, or jumping into the pool, younger kids are usually less fearful (not always a good thing).
For many children it will take several tries before the tic-tac is miraculously washed down!! They are so proud and excited and want to show you that they can do it again and again (therefore practice with candy and NOT real medication). By the time they are really becoming proficient they will often say, "look, I can do three at a time!!).
Once they are swallowing it is very easy to use junior strength Tylenol or Motrin, which are smaller and coated. Again, once they are swallowing pills the size of the pill really doesn't matter as they all "wash down" the same way. I use the analogy of learning to ride a bike, once you can do a two-wheeler, you can probably ride your friends bike that may have a little bigger tires, if need be. They all pedal the same way and require balance. Pills are pills, just pop and swallow!
I also jokingly tell all of my young patients that it is "Dr. Sue rule" that they are able to swallow a pill before they can drive a car!! Come on, putting a teen behind the wheel of a car is HUGE, and swallowing a pill seems much easier compared to learning to drive. I must say that the majority of my patients can swallow a pill by early elementary school, and many even younger.
Learning to swallow a pill is a right of passage during childhood. Make it fun and cross this off of the "to do list"!
That's your daily dose, we'll chat again tomorrow.
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text:
That's right, looking for a 'real' AMD-63 gas tube. Let me know what you have (condition) and price.
Printable View
That's right, looking for a 'real' AMD-63 gas tube. Let me know what you have (condition) and price.
I saw some at a local gunshow. If the same guy is there this time around I'm gonna get one for myself and if you want I could get one for you. Another guy wants one too. So if i find three the third one is yours. How's that?
I'll take one if you find a bunch!
Ok, well it seems alot of you are interested. I just found the guys' flyer that I got from him at the last show. I will call him tomorrow and ask how many amd63 gas tubes he has and buy like 6 or 7 if he even has that many. I remember only seeing ONE there. But, I wasnt really looking for them then. Who knows?
Thanks, but remember, AMD-63 tubes are longer than AMD-65 tubes. Some people think that they're the same.
I knew it was a 63 tube. Cuz when i saw it i picked it up and said "hmm this amd65 tube looks wierd! its like, too long or something........OHHHHHH!!!" I just called him and left a message on the answering machine. Hasn't called back yet. I will call again later today if he doesnt call back.


text: Well, I've been meaning to do this for awhile...I'm changing my vote from broccoli to borage. After I posted my vote on broccoli the next post was borage, so I said okay, I'll see If they have borage seed at the local nursery. Indeed they did, 25 seeds for about $2.00. I say man, these are pretty expensive seed. Anyway, I plant them in pots under lights in march, and get 22 plants. I gave a couple to a friend, and the rest I put in my yard in different places. By the end of the year, the plants I put out had already reseeded and new plants were coming up. A single plant doesn't have too many blossoms blooming at once, so its best to plant a patch. The bees indeed do love this plant. They were the last plant the bees would leave even as the sun was setting. Those plants that had come up from the seed at the end of the summer amazingly survived the winter with sub zero temperatures ( they were under snow that year) and were the first thing to bloom in the spring, about the same time as my pie cherry tree blooming, which the bees also love.. The plant seems to have two stages. When it first grows, it stays close to the ground, no blooms, but quite hardy, able to resist some pretty cold temperatures in this stage. Next it shoots up a primary stem kind of like a hollyhock that the blooms form on. It's pretty flimsy and falls over easily so it helps to stake it. I found that putting a sheet of concrete reinforcement wire horizontally about 18 inches to 2 feet above them which they can grow up and through works well as a support, especially for a patch of about 5 x 8 feet. This one patch I had from only 10 of the plants from the first year, produced around a 100 plants the next spring. When this patch was in full bloom, I'd estimate there was easily over a 100 bees on it. Unfortunately I hadn't put the wire on it at that time and on a windy day it all fell over from the center out. That pretty much finished it off, so I rototilled it under and replanted (late July) putting the wire on top this time and it was just beginning to flower when I got a 20 degree night in October that killed the flowering plants. The plants in the first stage are still alive. Its now December and most everything is dead except for the 1st stage borage and my broccoli. The broccoli managed to survive a 13 degree night up close to the house a month ago and was still blooming with a couple of bees visiting. Its been unusually warm this winter, in Aurora Colorado, no moisture hardly at all. I'm not expecting to make it through tonight with the expected lows around 5 degrees. It snowed last night but not enough to cover and protect the plants. I'm curious to see if the borage can survive the near zero temperatures without a snow blanket. But, if it doesn't, I have a plenty of seed to plant this spring. Oh, one other thing, when the borage starts blooming, it doesn't stop until it's dead, so it has a long bloom life. My broccoli's pretty good, it can bloom for a month, but once it starts making seed, it's pretty much done. The cat mint I have, the bees really like, but it's blooms only last few weeks, but can be extended by cutting off the seed pods. I have Golden rod too, but the bees here don't seem too interested in it. I think it's because it attracts all kinds of mason bees in huge numbers. HollyHocks, so so, crimson clover, the bumble bees like it, honey bees once in awhile. That's what I have in my garden.


text:
Screening Protocol for Patients With Stroke
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
- Stroke, also known as acute cerebrovascular attack, is the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Stroke survivors are often left with permanent physical and mental disabilities.
- Many stroke patients receive different therapies in an attempt to improve their independence and quality of life. However, current strategies are focused on the acute stage after stroke and are of limited influence in improving stroke outcome. One of the main problems of patients who have suffered a stroke is the difficulty in using the hand on the opposite side of the affected hemisphere of the brain; to date, researchers have no successful means to improve the hand function in chronic stages of stroke.
- Researchers are interested in developing a pool of individuals for further research into hand and motor function after a stroke.
- To perform a screening evaluation of patients referred with stroke to determine their eligibility for current and future protocols studying the effects of stroke on the nervous system and motor function.
- Individuals who have experienced a single stroke on only one side of the brain that occurred at least 3 months prior to participation in the screening study. Individuals must have some residual hand motor function.
- Participants in this study will be recruited from patient referrals.
- Eligible participants will undergo a 4- to 5-hour screening with a medical history, physical and neurological examination, stroke evaluation, and an anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. The screening visit may be done over the course of more than one day, if needed for patient convenience or test availability.
- In addition to the initial outpatient visit, subjects may remain enrolled in this study for up to 15 years and may be contacted to see if they qualify for new branch studies. Subjects may be re-examined up to once per year while they remain in this protocol to confirm ongoing eligibility. The re-examination visits will involve a neurologic evaluation and possible repeat MRI.
- No clinical care will be provided under this protocol..
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Case-Only
Time Perspective: Other
|Official Title:
|Screening Protocol for Patients With Stroke
- This is a screening protocol. The primary outcome measure is the number of subjects who subsequently enroll in HCPS studies. [ Time Frame: Ongoing ]
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|November 2, 2009
The purpose of this protocol is to perform a screening evaluation of patients referred with stroke to determine their eligibility for current and future protocols aimed at understanding the mechanisms underlying plastic changes in the human central nervous system, and how the non-invasive stimulation of the motor cortex could improve motor function in patients with chronic stroke.
Study population:
Twelve hundred adult patients with monohemispheric single stroke, that occurred at least 3 months prior to participation in this screening study, and with some residual hand motor function will be enrolled.
This is a screening protocol to determine eligibility for other branch protocols.
Outcome measures:
The outcome measure is the number of subjects who subsequently enroll in HCPS studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 100 Years (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
This study will enroll:
- Patients with stroke documented by CT or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at least 3 months prior to enrollment
- Patients between the ages of 18 and 90
- Patients who are willing and able to give their own consent
- Patients with monohemispheric, single stroke which affected the hand
Subjects with the following will be excluded:
- Large cortical, cerebellar, or brainstem lesions
- Profound hand impairment unable to extend metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints at least 10-20 degrees at the time of screening<TAB>
- Recent or ongoing alcohol or drug abuse
- Any severe or progressive neurological disorder such as uncontrolled Parkinson s disease, Alzheimer s disease, multiple sclerosis, and other central or peripheral nervous system diseases aside from stroke.
- Uncontrolled heart, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal, metabolic, or endocrine disorders as determined by the screening physician
- MRI contraindications, pregnancy, cardiac pacemakers, intracardiac lines, implanted medication pumps, neural stimulators, eye, blood vessel, cochlear, or eye implants, metal in the cranium except in the mouth, dental braces, metal fragments from occupational exposure, surgical clips in or near the brain, and claustrophobia
- Cognitive deficits defined as a mini-mental state exam score of 20 or less
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01021033
|Contact: Rita Volochayev, C.R.N.P.
|(301) 402-0546
|Contact: Leonardo G Cohen, M.D.
|(301) 496-9782
|United States, Maryland
|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
|Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
|Contact: For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office (PRPL) 800-411-1222 ext TTY8664111010 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator:
|Leonardo G Cohen, M.D.
|National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Additional Information:
|Responsible Party:
|National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01021033 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|November 25, 2009
|Last Updated:
|April 21, 2017
Keywords provided by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) ( National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) ):
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Cerebrovascular Disorders
Brain Diseases
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Vascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on May 25, 2017


text:
Here is a photograph of an open mated Cordovan Italian queen on a small-cell deep frame of brood from a 5-frame nuc:
Here is a photograph of an open mated Cordovan Italian queen on a small-cell deep frame of brood from a 5-frame nuc:
I admit it, I'm challenged when it comes to finding the queen
how's this
You've done it. That's her.
They're quite lovely,
so you did what, got a mated cordovan queen?
is she first generation?
Since I've only recently (past 9 years) kept nothing but local feral survivors, I decided to see how Cordovan Italian's would do in my area (I really love the appearance of these bees).
Earlier this season I obtained 4 pure-bred Cordovan Italian queens and introduced them to nucs. 3 of the 4 succeeded and were then transferred to full-size hives and continue to do quite well.
Even though without Instrumental Insemination (II), around here it would be next to impossible to produce pure Cordovan Italian queens that produce female offspring which display the Cordovan coloration; I can, however, produce drones and queens that display Cordovan coloring. So I decided to use eggs from my pure Cordovan Italian queens to produce a few open mated queens that display the Cordovan trait even though when open mated to local drones their female offspring look nearly identical to my other feral survivor bees, (their drones, of course, display the Cordovan trait 100%). Queens produced from these queens will not exhibit Cordovan coloration, so I will know if they have ever been replaced by the bees and if my pure Cordovan colonies replace their own queens I will know it once her female offspring lose their Cordovan coloration, unless by chance those virgins should mate only with all-Cordovan drones too. If this were to happen, female offspring would show the Cordovan coloration, but inbreeding might then reduce the queens total fertility.
The queen in the photograph is one of several produced by open mating daughter's of one of my pure Cordovan Italian mother queens. They and their drones show Cordovan coloration, but their workers do not.


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Celia has a BIG surprise for all of my readers today!!....
Scentsy is a safe, wickless alternative to scented candles.
I originally started my Scentsy business knowing that one day I may want to be a stay-at-home Mom.
The new Spring / Summer catalog is up and running on our site! Go check it out!
PERFECT for your child's Easter Basket!!
***** Scentsy Giveaway*****
Lucky you, we're having a giveaway! If you're the lucky winner you get to choose a warmer and a scentsy bar from the new catalog!!!
Use the Rafflecopter Gadget below to enter to win 1 warmer and 1 bar from Celia's Scentsy Shop!


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We would like to welcome the following schools to the Fresh Start II: Get Growing Program:
The Rusk School
2805 Garrow St, 77003
Robinson Elementary
12425 Woodforest Blvd, 77013
Moreno Elementary
620 E Canino Rd, 77037
The Jewell Houston Academy
8103 Carver Road, 77088
Durham Elementary
4803 Brinkman St, 77018
Tinsely Elementary
11035 Bob White Drive, 77096
Cornelius Elementary
7475 Westover, 77087
Sanchez Charter School
6001 Gulf Freeway, 77023
Texans YMCA/Cuney Homes Garden
3260 Truxillo St, 77004
The Fresh Start program will address food insecurity in food deserts and adjacent low-income, low-access communities. To accomplish this, Urban Harvest will build upon the techniques and resources developed in both our school and community gardens. By utilizing the school gardens as an education tool, we provide a safe and accessible means for the school and neighboring community to learn basic organic gardening, connect with community members and build nutrition education.
Rather than building new gardens Urban Harvest will incorporate existing school gardens through a two-prong approach: first, by encouraging the development of vibrant school garden communities through our existing affiliate gardens network; and second, by teaching students, parents and community members in these areas how to grow healthy fruits and vegetables organically.


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I just finished cleaning out my hive in preparation for the arrival of their replacements and it looks like the queen must have failed. It was her first year, but I think I had a laying worker in there. The main cluster was dead, most of them at the bottom of the hive and a number in the center of the cluster still with their heads stuck in the comb. But their was an erratic pattern of brood, all drones in various stages of development. Maybe ten to fifteen on several different frames. This is only my second year and I am yet to get a hive to survive winter. Does that sound like the queen didn't survive the winter so the bees I was seeing were doomed? It was too cold to open the hive and all seemed fine until there were suddenly no bees.
I looked at the drone larva and the dead bees for signs of varroa but didn't find any. Would you still see evidence of mites after the bees are dead?
Just trying to figure out some reason these guys died so I can hopefully prevent it in the newcomers, but other than that, I have nothing.


text: Happy to be here with all of you fine folks. Old to GM truck ownership, but new to the site. Looks like a tight group. Hope to participate often. My current GM corral consists of a couple of trucks and SUVs: 1987 Chevrolet Silverado 4x4 (Retired only for use on fair weather days) 2000 Oldsmobile Bravada AWD (The wife's chariot) 2002 Chevrolet S10 4x4 Pickup (My main ride) 2008 Chevrolet HHR SS (Just for weekend fun)


text:
Embassy of Indonesia
Information on the consulates, offices, and embassies of Indonesia.
Please submit Indonesia embassy information to help travelers and tourists.
No replies will be made by e-mail. All responses are published on this page.
A comprehensive list of International travel information for U.S. citizens is available on the U.S. Department of State Web site.
Related Catagories: Embassies & Consulates, Indonesia
Embassy of Indonesia Photos:
Embassy of Indonesia Videos:
Submitted Links and Comments about Embassy of Indonesia:
No additional links or comments have been posted so far; be the first to do so!


text:
Stay connected with us to get the latest health and fitness news, innovative workouts, healthy recipes and wellness tips.
Change Location
ACE Fit Share
Apples and fennel pair beautifully in this dish.
Nutrition Profile:
Diabetes Appropriate
Healthy Weight
Heart Healthy
High Fiber
High Potassium
Low Calorie
Low Cholesterol
Low Sat Fat
Serves 2
Prep Time 35 min
Total Time 40 min.
Step 1
Heat oil in a large saucepan over medium heat.
Step 2
Add apple, fennel and onion. Cook, stirring frequently, until softened, 6 to 8 minutes.
Step 3
Stir in thyme, sage and nutmeg. Cook, stirring, until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
Step 4
Pour in broth and vermouth (or wine), stirring to scrape up any browned bits. Bring to a simmer.
Step 5
Add mussels and stir to combine. Return to a simmer. Cover, reduce heat and simmer until the mussels open, 6 to 8 minutes. Stir; discard any unopened mussels before serving.
Featured Workouts
Check out our 12-week fitness plan designed to boost your strength, endurance, muscle definition, energy level and overall health.
Flatten your stomach and build strength in the muscles that provide stability and mobility for the spine, pelvis, ribs and hips.
Focus on pulling, rotating and building strength with workouts created alongside Olympic Gold Medalist Dominique Dawes.
This workout provides a challenging total-body workout that can be done from the comfort of home with no equipment other than bodyweight and space.


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Just wanted to post my chest display i got from Fettronics last year as i never posted it and a few people wanted to see it. :thumbsup
Its not 100% perfect but it has all the steps i liked from the promo shoot in the gallery.
Fettronics custom 5 step Boba Fett chest display - YouTube


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Hi! Is anyone seeing very deep chocolate covered honey post fall extraction? I am in my 5th year of beekeeping, and this is the first year I have seen such a chestnut hue (or deeper) coming from the comb. My friend, Victor (yeah,you!), has me entranced by these little girls and says the thread should begin. I am in Zone 5 in the Hudson River Valley. I have 15 hives, Russian, Italian, Carniolan, Buckfast. I have started to harvest the gold with one exception...the honey is very dark in color and not gold at all. It has been extracted, sieved through fine mesh and tastes and looks like chocolate. The forage might provide goldenrod, sage, viburnum, herbaceous plants, lavender, butterfly plant, holly and who knows what my neighbors are planting...!
If you have seen it, tasted it and queried it, please tell me your story. scratch:


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Show your love in style with this adorable mother's necklace. Posh Mommy™ Medium Name Necklace features your choice of birthstone and accommodates personalized engraving of up to 8 letters or numbers on the front and back. To order select gold color, birth month, and chain length to the right.
After Completing Your Order, Send Engraving Details: click the contact us link at the bottom of all web pages and send the name and birthdate details. Below is an example of this.
front: landon back: 3.12.11
Posh Mommy™ Medium Name Necklace with Genuine Birthstone in 14K Gold
Currently unavailable
Free Shipping! | 30-Day Return Promise
- Diameter:
- 14.29 mm
- Delivery Time:
- 10 to 15 Days
- Product Code:
- 200287


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Somjai Place Ayutthaya
Golden location in the culturally rich city of Ayutthaya, If what you're looking for perfect excursions to explore the city or longer business stays look no further than Somjai Place Ayutthaya.
Offering hotel guests superior services and a broad range of amenities, Somjai Place Ayutthaya is committed to ensuring that your stay is as comfortable as possible. The hotel provides shuttle service, airport transfer, high safety by Security Guard CCTV and proximity access card, laundry service/dry cleaning, Wi-Fi in public areas, bicycle, motorbike and car rental, meeting facilities to ensure our guests the greatest comfort. With tours available at the hotel, the staff can also help plan a personalized itinerary so that you make the most of your time in town, from exploring the temples, palaces, museums and natural hot springs to taking a cruise in Chao Phraya and even shopping at the night market. there is plenty of activities and beauty to take in In addition, all guestrooms feature a variety of comforts such as balcony/terrace, satellite/cable TV, High Speed-Wifi (complimentary), Lan Access Point (complimentary), Air condotioning, Electric Shower, Sofa, etc.
Availability & RatesTo view availability and prices please select dates and click 'Update Dates'
B&B Facilities & Policies
- 24 Hour Security
- Air Conditioning
- Airport Transfers
- Bar
- Bicycle hire
- Bicycle parking
- Book Exchange
- Breakfast Not Included
- Cable TV
- Cafeteria
- Child Friendly
- Cots available
- Credit Cards Accepted
- Currency Exchange
- Telephone/Fax Facilities
- Free City Maps
- Free Internet Access
- Free Parking
- Free WiFi
- House Keeping
- Internet Access
- Laundry Facilities
- Luggage Storage
- Non Smoking
- Outdoor Terrace
- Parking
- Restaurant
- Taxes included
- Tea & Coffee Making Facilities
- Tours/Travel Desk
- Towels Included
- Wheelchair Friendly
Cancellation PolicyThis property has a 3 day cancellation policy. Failure to cancel within this time will result in a cancellation charge equal to the first night of your stay.
Must-Read Guesthouse InfoThis property has specific Terms & Conditions.
Please be informed that office hours are between 7:30 am -20:00 pm only.
- Check out time 12.00 am
- Check in time 2.00pm
Late Check In:
If you need to check in later, please DO INFORM the property your arrival time. Any cases guests did not inform arrival time and time is over 9.00 pm. the hotel will resell rooms to new guests.
Children and extra beds
Children under 13 stay for free if using existing bedding.
Children aged 13 or over must use an extra bed.
Extra beds are dependent on the room you choose, please check the individual room policy for more details.
*No Amendment
*No Cancellation
the guest who have a reservation and want to check in at somjai have to have a real passport with visa only. if not the hotel cannot let the guest check in.
The accommodation requires guests to present passport with visa upon their check in.
Please note that the front desk is available between 07:30-20:00 hrs.
Please be informed that breakfast includes toast, coffee, tea and fresh fruits.
DirectionsShow MapHide Map
How to come to SOMJAI PLACE AYUTTHAYA ?
1) Minibus *Recommended - You can take the airport link from the suvarnnabhumi to Phayathai station (City line) and then take BTS from phayathai station to victory monument station. After that walk on the skywalk to the mall called \'Fashion Mall\' and then Take a BKK-AYU Minibus the fare cost THB 60/person (Tell the chauffeur leave you at Thana Chao Praya old cinema or โรงหนังเก่า ธนาเจ้าพระยา ) Later on you will see the bridge and Pink Shophouse cross the bridge and go straight to the pink shophouse. Somjai located behind the pink shophouse.
2) Train *Recommended - You can take the airport link from the suvarnnabhumi to Phayathai station (City line) and then take BTS from phayathai station to Asoke stations after that take MRT from Sukhumvit station to Hua Lum Pong Station. The Hua Lum Pong Railways Station will be at the opposite side of MRT Hua Lum Pong stations. you can check fares as link here: http://www.railway.co.th/checktime/checktime.asp?lenguage=Eng After you arrive Ayutthaya Railways Stations. You just walk straight to the river. Cross the river and then go straight only into Bang Ian soi (or local called Buawaan soi) about 500m. you will see the pink shophouse. Somjai located behind the pink shophouse.
3) Bus- You can take the airport link from the suvarnnabhumi to Phayathai station (City line) and then take BTS from phayathai station to mo chit station and then walk / take a taxi or a motorcycle to Mochit Bus Terminal (distance: 2.7km, About 20 minutes) from BTS to Bus Terminal. You can check fares as link here:http://www.thaiticketmajor.com/index.php?la=en (English site/Click enter the site and click on bus ticket on the top right button to check the rate) or call 022623456 (English Call Center) After arrive Ayutthaya (Tell the chauffeur leave you at Thana Chao Praya old cinema or โรงหนังเก่า ธนาเจ้าพระยา ) Later on you will see the bridge and Pink Shophouse cross the bridge and go straight to the pink shophouse. Somjai located behind the pink shophouse.
4)Taxi- You can take the taxi from Suvarnabhumi Airport or ask the hotel to pick you up at the airport which will take about 1.50 hrs. from airport to the hotel, for 1-3 persons, the fare for a 5-seater car is THB 2,500, as from hotel to airport, the fare is THB 2,900 if it\'s between 23:00 and 06:00, to arrange the service, kindly advice the flight number and arrival time.
Located Near
The hotel set in a tranquil spot, a haven of rest and relaxation, guests can enjoy easy access to all that the lively city and numerous ruin attractions has to offer. Visitors to the hotel can take pleasure in touring the city's top attractions: Wat Mahathat, Wat Ratburana, Praram World Heritage Park, Ayutthaya Train Station, Night Market which give to this hotel a special charm.


text: I want to get into golf as a hobby. I know the ins and outs and rules of the game, as I have played several times in the past (and even made the golf team in junior high, lol) but I have been out of it for a while. I mainy want to know about clubs. I need a set of irons. I already have the shoes, a bag, a driver and a putter. I just need the irons. What are some good brands? Will a set off the shelf work or would it be better to get them custom fit? Thanks!


text:
This got as far as experimental prototypes with the British government. Perhaps someone can start with a cheap Sterling kit and use the grip and stock with a new receiver tube, bolt, and magwell and build one of these?
Check out all the photos at the British 308 Sterling prototype!


text: How do you know the people here who are against patriarchy and are bitching about the Duggars wouldn't be bitching about anyone from those faiths if there was a thread about their reality tv show? Well, not "Muslims" because that's like saying "Christians". Muslims run the entire spectrum. But hardcore, fundamentalist Muslims.


text:
well, the next issue of SGN came out and no part 2 of the article
The picture of the completed(?) bolt shown in Shotgun News still has the feedlips intact. I was wondering if he will remove them in the following issue. I am sure the BATF is following the article.
Life Is For Service
well, the next issue of SGN came out and no part 2 of the article
U.S. Army (Ret)
NRA for Life
It will probably be in the next special glossy issue.Originally Posted by aloharover
" Save a tree...........Eat A Beaver!"
I seldom talk to liberals.............................. But when I do, I order fries............
checked the mail and the SGN came in glossy issue but no sten build. with all of this flap over the feed lips on the bolt Im starting to think that SGN is rewrighting the build. muttman
I was just looking over the second part of the sten build and I see another thing thats been overlooked. I havent read the entire article, just the part about fitting the 16" bbl so I may have missed it but I dont see where he has takin any steps to prevent the original nfa regulated short bbl from bieng reinserted. I understand since the thompson contenedor rulling that this may be a grey area but I cant think of a single smg based semi build, with atf approval, that you can reinsert the original short machinegun bbl, not the uzi, not the atf approved catco sten, not the mini uzi, m3 greasgun, sterling, I can go on and on. The semi ppsh42/sr41 had to have its bbl welded in to be nfa compliant and it was built after the thompson rulling so I know this to still be an important issue
when you get a chance read the part on the mag housing and the trunion. what he does is weld the hand guard to the trunion, then the mag housing tube is welded to the reciver, the tube does not move to block the ejection port in the " carry" mode to keep the dirt out. the only way to put a diffrent barrel in would be to cut the weld's muttman
gotcha I didnt read the part where he was welding the hangaurd in place to make the bbl non removable


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The Pulaski Technical College Choir will perform a varied repertoire of music for its spring concert beginning at 7 p.m. Thursday, April 29, in the Black Box Theater, located in the Administration building.
The 13-member choir, under the direction of Jennifer Boccarossa, will perform a mix of spirituals, classical, musical theater and modern music. The concert is free and open to the public.
Pulaski Technical College


text:
According to Jason LaCanfora of CBS Sports, the Steelers will "ease" Ben Roethlisberger (ribs, shoulder) back into practice on Wednesday.
According to the Miami Herald's Barry Jackson, it is "far from certain" that 2016 third-round WR Leonte Carroo even makes the Dolphins' 53-man roster.
Ex-Eagles and 49ers coach Chip Kelly has joined ESPN as an NFL and college football analyst.
NFL suspended free agent CB Justin Gilbert four games for violating the league's substance-abuse policy.
Odell Beckham says he will be present for mandatory minicamp.
Ravens ILB C.J. Mosley is recovering from shoulder surgery, but it's not considered a long-term concern.
Ravens TE Maxx Williams is recovering from a knee surgery "no other football player has had," but is expected to be ready for training camp.
Dennis Pitta says "nobody is making more plays" in Ravens OTAs than Breshad Perriman.
Bears signed WR Victor Cruz to a one-year, $2 million deal.
Amari Cooper said he thinks he can be "a lot more" productive moving forward.
Vikings OC Pat Shurmur said the team has been "really pleased" with Laquon Treadwell's progress this offseason.
Luke Kuechly said he is tired of hearing questions about his concussions.


text:
The Spencer
- Title:
- Weekend of Creativity Arts and Crafts Soul Package
- When:
- October 9, 2009 - October 11, 2009
- Category:
- Spencer Hotel Packages
Let the Spencer guide your creative soul this weekend. We will start at the Yarn Cottage for a day of knitting and needle fun. Day two, we will travel to Bemus and try our hand at beadwork for you to create your own jewelry. We'll end our day by visiting Webb's chocolates for a personal demonstration on how to create delectable chocolates. Sampling is a must! Tea and cream puffs back at the Spencer.
Customization is possible including:
- Horseback Riding
- Organic Spa treatments in our on-site relaxation center
- Dinners at Chautauqua-area Gourmet Restaurants
$285 per person based on double occupancy, includes breakfast, lunch and dinner for groups of 10 or more. $165 per night based on double occupancy breakfast only included for those renting less than ten rooms.
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text:
Town Square
McNerney set to vote today either FOR or AGAINST our individual freedom (Re: Light Bulb Repeal Act)
Original post made by Edison, Alamo, on Jul 12, 2011
Will he vote FOR our individual freedom (i.e. in favor of allowing "his lowly subjects" to be free to choose whether we want to buy the incandescent light bulbs?)
OR will he vote AGAINST our American right in this once freedom loving country to choose for ourselves by MANDATING the squiggly CFL bulbs?
We shall see.
Let's stop and think for a moment...this light bulb issue is the perfect analogy of democrat principles, however. Let's evaluate...
Incandescent bulbs:
- Inexpensive
- Safe
- Many are made in America
- They WORK
CFL bulbs:
- Hugely expensive...up to $8 each
- If broken, harmful mercury is emitted.
- Will result in many US jobs lost...bulbs will be made in China
- They DON'T WORK as well.
That about sums it up. Another example of Democrat logic. (And yes, I am disgusted that Bush signed this Democrat-sponsored legislation).
We will see if McNerney votes for our freedom regarding this recent Republican-sponsored bill to remove the ban. Or will he vote down democrat party line...in favor of Socialist/Marxism/Big Government oppression?
I personally won't hold my breath.
We all know McNerney is a Socialist/Marxist and that he will stomp out our individual freedom whenever and where-ever he has an opportunity to do so.
Hey McNerney...WHERE DOES GOVERNMENT MANDATE OVER OUR LIVES END? WHAT PRODUCTS ARE NEXT?
- You are close to forcing us to buy certain govt cars
- Refrigerators?
- Washing machines?
- The food we eat?
- The clothes we wear?
Where is your benchmark country? Oh, I know ... NORTH KOREA!!!
Comments (11)
a resident of Alamo
on Jul 12, 2011 at 9:14 am
While you're at it Edison, why not fight for our freedom to burn leaded gasoline again in our automobiles?
a resident of Danville
on Jul 13, 2011 at 7:12 am
A right wing tea bagger in our midst perhaps? This comment is laughable, "Or will he vote down democrat party line...in favor of Socialist/Marxism/Big Government oppression?" The right wing can get so flumoxed so easily that it's just funny. Were talking about energy saving lightbulbs not the end of civilization as we know it.
a resident of another community
on Jul 13, 2011 at 7:30 am
Farmer Dave is a registered user.
A few facts you are ignorant of or conveniently overlook:
1. A majority of incandescent light bulbs are NOT made in the U.S.
2. Incandescent bulbs are very inefficient and generate far more heat than light, adding to cooling costs and using more power.
3. Incandescent bulbs are NOT banned by the new requirements, but must meet certain efficiency standards.
4. Decorative incandescent bulbs (such as candelabra) are exempted from the standards.
Besides the vote is over and the standards were not repealed.
a resident of Danville
on Jul 13, 2011 at 8:53 am
In this age of enlightenment (or is it entitlement) one must never forget the Democrat mantra - INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS ARE ALWAYS SUBSERVIENT TO THE COLLECTIVE GOOD!
a resident of Danville
on Jul 13, 2011 at 11:04 am
How stupid do certain people look, including the dopey Tea Partiers when EVEN the Light Companies were against the repeal of light bulb efficiency standards.
The Republicans are so anti progress, if it were up to them we would be the most polluted country on the planet, with no safety features in our cars, and high-rises up and down the coast of california.
a resident of Danville
on Jul 13, 2011 at 11:14 am
We will be saving a lot of energy in our home ... all of our lighting circuits are on dimmer switches. I have tried the "dimmable CFLs" and they do not work. Once our incandescent bulbs are unavailable, we will be in the dark without any lighting at all .. unless we revamp our lighting system and remove dimmers. Candles or kerosine lamps might be our only option.
a resident of Danville
on Jul 13, 2011 at 11:21 am
GE and Phillips will offer incandescent bulbs that meet the new effeciency standards. They are expected to cost $3 to $5 each. Of course the manufcturers endorse the new standards. I've used fluorescents since they came on the market years ago. Some failed in a few months and I had to return them. Given the mercury content, what are we supposed to do when they "burn out", take them to Martinez?
a resident of Danville
on Jul 13, 2011 at 12:49 pm
This issue is an excellent example of a fundamental difference between Democrat/Liberal and Republican/Conservative philosophies and methodologies of Government.
Does the Government CONTROL and TELL us what we can and can not buy or do? Or do WE THE PEOPLE decide for ourselves?
If incandescent light bulbs are so "great," then won't smart-thinking, environmentally-caring, financially-responsible people figure that out and then buy them without Government force/law and subsidies?
The business of incandescent light bulbs needs to stand on its own two feet, just like any other business......or go belly up.....or be supported by individual patrons who "believe" in supporting that cause.
It should NOT be Government's function to take a "belief" position to support one business idea, over another. Let Free Enterprise operate. Let the consumers choose what THEY want, desire, need, and/or believe in.
I am very careful and frugal in my use of electricity....and probably have one of the lowest energy bills in my neighborhood.
I have dimmer switches on many rooms in my house so that I can "dial-in" the amount light that I need at any given time. Will MY method of electric control still operate?
When I need light, I need it quickly. When I don't want so much, then I can lower it. I'm willing to reasonably pay for the light and electricity I need.
It is one thing to "suggest" to people that it might be better to buy incandescent light bulbs. It is another thing to "legislate" what is legal or illegal--and force them. (That is a Government to be afraid of!)
Why does the Government think that this is an area of life that THEY should be involved in?
Having the Government making laws and requiring standards about light bulbs--what you can and can not buy, what manufacturers HAVE to do.
Why not let the consumer decide--and utilize the Free Enterprise system?
Why do the Liberal fear us and not trust us to decide best for ourselves on our own?
If Government doesn't LIMIT itself in the size and scope of the areas that it gets involved in, then it becomes this huge, costly, expanding, never-ending monster that breaks the wallet and will of its citizens. That financial brokenness and loss of individual choice and freedom is where the Democrat/Liberals are taking us.
Essentially, we are on the road to becoming SLAVES, not to a person Master, but to a government Master.
Light bulbs are such a small thing that it seems that it doesn't matter much. It's "death by a million cuts."
a resident of Danville
on Jul 13, 2011 at 2:24 pm
psmacintosh, I agree with you but I think you meant fluorescent rather than incandescent. Everyone's a critic.
a resident of Alamo
on Jul 13, 2011 at 7:05 pm
DIMMERS are a terrible way to save energy. Those who are congratulating themselves on using dimmers should understand a little about the physics of using dimmers to reduce incandescent bulb power consumption. Dimmers work by running light bulbs cooler, and this drastically reduces the already terrible efficiency of incandescent bulbs. It would be FAR better to reduce the light in your home by running fewer bulbs or using lower power bulbs, not to mention to switching to a more efficient light source. As an example*, I have reduced the output light of a 60W light bulb to about 8% of the full 60W, and found that the electrical power was reduced only to 35%. This means that the bulb run dimmer by reducing voltage used more than FOUR times as much electrical power for the light put out than an undimmed bulb! Do the world a favor, turn out some lights, and throw away those dimmers.
*Details on request.
a resident of Diablo
on Jul 21, 2011 at 9:59 am
@ Dirk -- I protest! You're ruining this board by interjecting actual "facts" into the apoplexy!
Further, your analysis Completely ignores the incandescence of a good ol' flamewar in lighting the homes, if not the brains, of the commenting contingent hereabouts!
For shame, sir.
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Villa San Michele boasts a fantastic location on vibrant Macrossan Street in the heart of Port Douglas. The central location places all that Port Douglas has to offer on your doorstep, and all within a five minute walk. The unique Mediterranean style apartments feature refurbished bathrooms and complimentary Wi-Fi and are situated around a courtyard of tropical gardens with two heated saltwater swimming pools, spa and poolside barbecue. The private location set back from Macrossan Street provides guests with a secretive and peaceful retreat. With complimentary undercover parking, Villa San Michele also caters for those wishing to self-drive. A complimentary guest laundry is also provided.
The one and two bedroom self-contained apartments open onto a private balcony. The fully air-conditioned apartments are generous in size and offer a choice of queen or twin bedrooms with refurbished ensuite bathroom and adjoining lounge. The two bedroom apartments boast two refurbished bathrooms and two private balconies.
The village of Port Douglas offers visitors the perfect place to unwind. Relax on stunning Four Mile Beach, browse the boutique shops or enjoy a meal at one of the many award winning restaurants. With over 100 tours on offer there is something to suit everyone.
Villa San Michele's unique Mediterranean style 1 Bedroom Apartments are spacious (50 square metres) and sleep up to three people. They include free Wi-Fi internet access. The bedroom has either a queen or 2 single beds and the ensuite bathroom has shower and bath facilities. The kitchen facilities include a microwave, cook-top, bar fridge, glassware, crockery and all the essentials for self catering, including some extra home comforts such as coffee plungers and serviettes. Terracotta flooring and local artwork add to their unique Mediterranean ambience. All apartments are fully air-conditioned and have a private balcony with either pool, street or garden views. Other facilities include flat screen LCD television, DVD player, satellite television, ceiling fans, digital safe, telephone, hairdryer, iron and ironing board.
Villa San Michele's 2 Bedroom/2 Bathroom Apartments (85 square metres) feature 2 balconies, one being a large balcony with outdoor dining overlooking the gardens and the other a smaller balcony which overlooks the pool/courtyard area. The 2 Bedroom Apartments include free Wi-Fi internet access and sleep up to five people. The main bedroom has a queen size bed with access to the large balcony. The second bedroom has a choice of either a king or twin single beds and small private balcony. These Apartments are perfect for a family or two couples travelling together that still wish to have their own privacy. Apartments are fully air-conditioned and feature 2 LCD televisions, 2 DVD players, satellite television, fans, digital safe, telephone, hairdryer, iron/ironing board.
Note: Information on listed products and services are provided by the operator and were correct at the time of publishing. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator's website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD).


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New York, November 7, 2013--The Committee to Protect Journalists welcomes the repeal of criminal libel provisions by the Jamaican Parliament on Tuesday as a step forward in the campaign to eliminate criminal defamation in the Americas.
"This represents real progress for freedom of expression in Jamaica, where journalists will no longer face threat of prison for what they write," said CPJ Senior Americas Program Coordinator Carlos Lauría. "It is also a milestone in the campaign to repeal criminal defamation throughout the Americas."
For more than a decade, courts and legislatures throughout the region have found that civil remedies provide adequate redress in cases of alleged libel and slander. But some governments in the Americas, including Ecuador and Peru, continue to use archaic criminal defamation laws to silence dissent.
- November 7, 2013 3:56 PM ET
- Short URLhttps://cpj.org/x/5776
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Hi everyone,
I'm just starting to do a lot of research on beeswax candle making and I'm wondering if you could point me in the direction of some reasonably priced suppliers. I was reading other threads on here emphasizing the purity of the wax (no pollen/honey) so please keep this in mind with your suggestions. A friend of mine makes wax for sale and usually buys in 25 lb blocks, getting his costs down to around $4/lb. I can't guarantee how pure that is though.


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Can anyone help with this question? What is the ideal distance to place hives from each other. How close can they be to each other. I have lots of room in my side yard in our orchard. I want to place them so as to be able to work them with out too much walking between the hives. I started this year with 2 hives now i have 3 hives after one hive split and i will add more next year.
Thank you for any advice you can give.
Ken in Benton Co, Ind


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Pulaski Technical College has a series of events planned to celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month during September.
The Division of Fine Arts and Humanities, is sponsoring a series of events called "Lunchtime Limonada." The events, which kicked off last week, take place on the Campus Center Promenade.
On Thursday, Sept. 13, Ulrike White, a Spanish instructor, and Antoinette Brim, an English instructor, will discuss Hispanic poetry and literature. Their presentation will feature readings and discussions about Hispanic poets.
On Sept. 24, the Division of Fine Arts and Humanities will open a weeklong exhibition feature arts, crafts and multimedia presentations created and researched by our Spanish students. The exhibits will represent more than 20 different Spanish-speaking countries.
The exhibition's grand opening is set for 10-11 a.m. on Sept. 24 in the U.S. Bank Room in the IT building. After that, the exhibition will be open daily from 8:30 a.m. - 8 p.m. through Sept. 28.
Pulaski Technical College