text:
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Enjoy By June 17, 2012
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text:
December 2007
Colorado Online Learning
Lakewook, Colo.
School Profile: Selected Variables a
|Year Initiated
|Consortium of 14 districts
|Types of Courses Offered
|Number of Courses Currently Offered
|Total Enrollments Since Inception
a These data are reported by the school and are for the school year 2006–07.
b Advanced Placement
Colorado Online Learning (COL) began in 1998 as the 14-district Colorado Online School Consortium, supported by a three-year federal Technology Literacy Challenge Fund grant administered through the Colorado Department of Education (CDE).* In 2002, the consortium became a nonprofit company, took its new name, and received additional federal funding. From an initial enrollment of 60 students, COL enrollment grew to a high of 800-plus students per semester in 2004–05 before dropping to 600–700 students per semester in 2005–06, when student tuition rose at the end of grant funding. COL students represent more than 80 (45 percent) of the state's 178 school districts. Approximately three-quarters of the students live in rural Colorado, with the remainder residing in urban and suburban communities, primarily in the Denver area. According to student surveys, students' primary motivation for participating is to gain access to courses not available at their home schools.
Because COL's predecessor organization was initiated at a time when both the U.S. and Colorado departments of education were calling for higher achievement in math and science, its staff first developed and piloted several core mathematics and science classes. But starting in 1999, they began recruiting licensed teachers from partner school districts to develop online courses. In 2002, when COL received a second round of federal funding, it created a quality assurance program to oversee the development of new courses and to review current offerings. That second grant required COL to hire an external evaluator to appraise it on a quarterly and annual basis throughout the three-year grant period.
COL's board of directors oversees course development and hiring of instructors, but members have no contact with partner schools or districts. COL staff oversee day-to-day implementation, including enrollment, for example. In addition to its executive director, COL has four other staff members: a director of instruction, who manages issues related to course development and instruction; a student services director, who oversees school membership and student enrollment; a technology services director, handling all technology-related issues; and a director of mathematics instruction. This last position was created because COL has so many mathematics courses that it needs a full-time individual to manage the mathematics curriculum and support teachers.
Student Recruitment and Enrollment
COL staff recruit districts, schools, and students by attending education conferences and talk- ing to school leaders. The student services director notes that COL's origins as a districtbased, rather than a state-based, organization may have impeded quicker growth because COL is not centrally funded or otherwise supported by the CDE. Nevertheless, to maintain open communication between the two organizations, COL consistently invites CDE staff to attend its board meetings.
The most common reasons for students to enroll in COL courses include: to take a course not offered by their school, to take a course that is otherwise unavailable to them because of a scheduling conflict, and to progress toward high school graduation while home for medical or disciplinary reasons. Each partner school's or district's site coordinator—the school or district staff member assigned overall responsibility for program implementation at the site**—is responsible for discussing COL options with students and parents, enrolling students, and monitoring student progress. To help both the site coordinator and a student understand the student's possible strengths and challenges in undertaking online learning, COL provides a student survey that the coordinator can administer as a means of initiating a discussion about learning styles and environments. Some of COL's partner schools require participating students and their parents to sign a contract attesting to their knowledge of how online learning works and of obligations for course completion.
Course Offerings
A COL survey of Colorado school districts in 2000 yielded varied suggestions for courses. COL chose to create rigorous courses for advanced students, a decision that enhances postsecondary options for students in rural and high- poverty school districts. In addition to advanced and supplementary enrichment classes, it now also provides remedial classes. COL created several mathematics review classes because high school teachers lamented that too many students had not mastered basic arithmetic and algebra skills by the time they enrolled in higher-level mathematics courses. The nonprofit provider owns 95 percent of the 80-plus classes it offers to students. COL also enables students to earn college credit by taking dual-enrollment classes that are co-offered by COL and its higher education partners (i.e., University of Colorado at Denver, Jones International University, and Adams State College) and for which students can earn both high school and university or college credit. For an additional $150 per class (beyond the standard $200 per-course enrollment fee), students can elect the dual-enrollment option, by which they complete additional assignments designated by a partnering institution of higher education and earn both high school credit and college or university credit at the same time.
Under COL's Quality Assurance Program, certified Colorado teachers can propose a course by completing the Pre-Development Course Outline, using a template available online, and submitting it to COL's director of instruction, who selects courses for development. Whether reviewing proposals for new courses or the provider's current offerings, the director of instruction evaluates such elements as instructional design, pedagogical style, software requirements, and opportunities for student collaboration. At the same time, external subject matter experts examine course content. Once a course proposal is approved, the teacher develops the course according to guidelines created by COL. Teachers log their time spent on course development and revision, submit it to the director of instruction for approval, and receive $30 an hour for the work. The director of instruction evaluates courses and instructors, submitting written evaluations to the COL executive director (who is a licensed principal), who summarizes the evaluations for COL's board of directors.
Instruction, Mentoring, and Support
Currently, COL employs 35 part-time teachers, and any Colorado-certified teacher may apply to teach an online course. Similar to the survey offered to interested students is COL's survey for prospective teachers, which evaluates their readiness to teach an online course. In their application, teachers must designate which course they want to teach, assess their technical skills, and write a short essay explaining their interest in online teaching. COL pays an instructor $165 for every student who passes the instructor's course, with the funding coming from course tuition and, when available, grants.
Although COL aims to become a fully digital provider, some classes still use traditional textbooks. COL instructors submit their book and material requirements to the student services director, who buys and distributes textbooks to schools; to students, who return the books to COL after completing the course; or to both. Schools and students are responsible for auxiliary materials, such as calculators and art supplies.
After students' initial enrollment, schools have 25 days in which to withdraw students without a fee; COL then invoices the districts for all remaining students. Teachers monitor student participation and generally are required to give a status report to the school site coordinator at 10 and 25 days; they are asked to report more frequently for inactive students. The site coordinator tracks student progress through this direct instructor feedback and by checking the student's online "grade book," which includes assignments, the time spent working on the task, and any grades. A parent seeking information about his or her child's work can speak with the site coordinator or enter the student's portal using the student's name and a password provided by COL. Final grades are reported by COL in percentages, which the school then translates to a letter grade based on its own grading scale. (In some schools, for example, an 89 percent might be considered an A, while at others, it might be considered a B.)
COL's courses are hosted by the eCollege platform (i.e., a Web-based framework for running software, such as Microsoft Word). COL pays eCollege a hosting fee to maintain the Web site for its courses, and COL's technology services director works closely with eCollege to ensure that the Web site functions well for all participants. Students and teachers experiencing technical difficulties address their questions to the eCollege help desk rather than to COL. Schools whose students enroll in COL courses are obligated to provide appropriate Web access, which, in some cases, requires schools to reset their network firewalls.47
During its first six years, COL was funded in part by two consecutive three-year federal grants: the Technology Literacy Challenge Fund (TLCF) grant in 1998 and an Enhancing Education Through Technology (EETT) grant in 2002. (The EETT program created under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 consolidated the TLCF and Technology Innovation Challenge Grant programs into a single state-formula*** grant program to support the integration of educational technology into classrooms to improve teaching and learning.) During the six years of this grant funding, COL schools paid $200 per course enrollment unless they had a high proportion of students whose families lived below the poverty line, in which case the school paid only $100 per enrollment. When the second grant ended in 2005, COL raised the price of enrollment to $300 per student regardless of school demographics. Because more than half of the schools participating in COL are high-poverty, high-need schools, enrollments dropped after the price increase.
Earlier state legislation (House Bill 06-1008) allowed districts with fewer than 3,000 students, as well as eligible charter schools, to be reimbursed on a formula basis for the cost of courses successfully completed by their students. The formula was based on district enrollment for grades 6–12. However, that bill called for reimbursement funding only for the 2006–07 school year. During the summer of 2007, COL sought and secured $500,000 from the state for the 2007–08 school year. Instead of being used to reimburse eligible school districts on a perstudent completion basis, the funds will be used to reduce the price of enrollment from $300 to $200 per course.
* See page 55 for more on funding.
** See figure 1 for a list of COL site coordinator responsibilities.
*** Formula grants are allocations of federal money to states or their subdivisions in accordance with a distribution formula prescribed by law or administrative regulation for activities of a continuing nature not confined to a specific project.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Vacation rentals in Switzerland (chalets, farms, apartments)
> SlowTrav > Switzerland > Restaurants > Reviews
Restaurants in Switzerland
These are reviews we have received from Slow Travelers. Reviews are grouped for each restaurant. If there are more details for the reviews, the link "Read the detailed reviews" is displayed.
Click here for a Print Friendly Page.
NOTE: This page includes only restaurant reviews that describe visits after the year 2013. Click here to include older reviews in the display.
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These reviews are the opinions Slow Travel members and not of Slow Travel, Inc.
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text:
One of our hives, formerly the strongest of three, has been weakened substantially by varroa mites. We've been treating with FGMO and see signs of recovery, but we're still not convinced they'll make it through the winter.
At it's worst, they seemed to stay to one side of the hive. The left half of the hive (a D.E.) looked like a ghost town.
We're wondering if they might winter better in a nuc.
Weather-wize, we live in Northern California near the Klamath River, close to the Oregon border.
Any advice would be appreciated.


text:
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text:
There is a time to be adventurous and take the path less travelled as Frost points out in the often quoted, "Road Not Taken" --but not with big data. I wonder what Frost would have to say about big data, a concept difficult to comprehend in the early 1900's. In reviewing the poem (poetry being an arm chair interest of mine), it becomes clear that there is some ambiguity about whether Frost intended to promote taking the "Road Less Travelled." In fact, it is thought that the poem was written in jest to his friend Lawrence Thomas to convey that the true regret is in not making a decision at all.
This ambiguity and indecisiveness is very present in the big data ecosystem. Most organizations are cognizant of the disruptive force of big data -- it's impact on the competitive business landscape and the way consumers live their daily lives. Fortunately, they also know there is little, if no room for regret at taking the Big Data Road Less Travelled or not choosing a path at all.
To that end Pentaho has collected and shared four paths that many of our customers have successfully travelled to achieve business value from big data. They are four common big data use cases that reduce costs, optimize and begin to transform businesses. We have laid out four roads that have been well traveled and ended in big data success. I highly encourage you to explore our top four big data use cases and the roads most often travelled. No regrets.
Donna Prlich Sr. Director, Product Marketing


text:
Hello everyone,
Just wanted to introduce myself. I am a new beekeeper this year from NW Connecticut. I did not enter this lightly. I have spent the last two years researching, reading and learning. I finally pulled the trigger this year. Having a blast. I currently have three hives started with packaged bees (2 w/ Italians and Buckfast queens and 1 w/ Carnolian), and two hives started from nucs (Russians). It is an addictive hobby. I have already started building my own equipment and continue to read and learn. I also joined a local beekeeping club with hopes of networking and learning from those with experience. This is a great forum and I look forward to a great year. So far do good.


text:
I can appreciate that bluegrass.. the next line in the comment was that I have to get my head wrapped around the forces that act on the corner of the hives,, not that I was able or not.. but thank you for pointing that out..
Friendly place around here isn't it.........
It is difficult to see facial expressions and tone of voice on Beesource. That's why smileys were invented!
Last edited by Rader Sidetrack; 04-06-2013 at 08:39 AM.
USDA Zone 7A Elevation 1400 ft
There are a few grouches and dingbats, but this is really a good discussion board.
I'll let you in on a dirty little secret -- ANY wood glue is stronger than the wood, including hide glue (gelatin) if it stays dry. However, wood is not static, it changes size and shape with rather amazing power as the water content changes, and even if the glue is strong enough, the wood isn't and will simply fracture off the glue.
This is why plywood is a poor exterior material unless well protected from water by paint or siding. Soak it in water from a rainstorm and then bake it in the sun and the wood, which is highly stressed in the first place from being peeled off a log and flattened, will simply rip apart at the glue, leaving you with separate plies no longer attached to each other. Doesn't matter what the glue is, the wood fails.
Box joints don't need glue, although it keeps water out and thus extends the life somewhat. No other joint will last as long without glue, and some are simply not reliable if not glued.
Whatever you use, make sure it will handle normal, or perhaps somewhat more than normal, stresses in beekeeping. Having a box full of cranky bees go "crunch" and come apart, smashing a pile of bees isn't going to be fun.
If I miss understood the comment, I do apologise for that. .and Yes. I now see word vs. .wood. I'd say I'm better with wood then words..
Sorry Bluegrass for the bit..
IMO, anything more than a lap joint with glue and staples is overkill. Great if you wanna, but again....... overkill for bee boxes.....
http://OxaVap.com Your source for the ProVap 110
OA Vaporizer. The fastest vaporizer on the market!
I am not clear on how to make a box with a lap joint.
Julysun elevation 23 feet. 4 Hives, 2 years.
Check this out!
I found several mitered joint hives for sale on the wweb.
Julysun elevation 23 feet. 4 Hives, 2 years.
How are the lock miter joints going? Mine are going into their 3rd season and seem to be holding up well however the end-grain is hell on the bit. I'm using yellow pine and titebond 3.


text:
Does anyone have hives or hive parts for sale?
Does anyone have hives or hive parts for sale?
Post that question in the "Want to buy" section, and you'll get better response.
Scot Mc Pherson
BeeSourceFAQ: http://linuxfromscratch.org/~scot/beewiki/
Linux is a Journey, not a Guided Tour" ~ Me
"Do or not do, there is no try" ~ Master Yoda
>Ive always had good luck with buckfast.Ive heard that their daughter queens can get mean.
I've had Buckfasts most of the time for the last 30 year and it only happened on one occasion to four hives simulatneously.
Mean would be a huge understatment on that occasion.
I See
For cold country I would go with Carniolans, probably the New World Strain.Dark bees always wintered better(than Italians) here before we started moving to a lower elevation for winter.
HI all
Carni's and Italians do well here in vermont. When feeding over the inner cover with Qt. jars I cut 4" x3/8x1" pices of wood and place these onder the edges of the jar lid. This keps the jar up high enough for the bees to get at and allows the center hole to be kept open and can be covered with one deep.It also allows more than one jar without cutting more holes in the inner cover. I tried russian Queens in my first year of beekeeping and found them to be swarmy (maybe that was just my inexperience).good beekeeping stuart
My 2 pure Russian AI queens never built up past a single deep.The daughter queens crossed with our mix of Italians and Carns were better but very swarmy.I used some of their daughters for some splits and they were even better,but are no longer Russians,just hybrids with Russian influence.Some of these are a bit on the nervous side,but nothing vicious.
Bullseye Bill, thanks for relaying the Weaver's report of what they think of their bees. So it was B. Weaver, not his brother?
Can others confirm the All-American as being good?
On another note, it sure seems funny to me that Russian bees from north of northern Japan, near Manchuria, would have wintering-over troubles, but I guess they spent a few generations in the research facility in Louisiana before release to the rest of the US. Maybe some inadvertent selection for problematic characteristics happened by accident.
Brian Cady
PS. Say, BulleyeBill, you know you can go back and edit your own message by clicking on the pencil-and-paper icon above it. BC
Yes I did know that, and I do on occasion, but we were past that posting before it was pointed out to me (via e-mail) that I stated the wrong Weaver. So that no one else might miss the correction, I re-posted the correction at the end of the thread.
Thanks, Bill
I've been buying from Weaver since they were just Weaver's and not R. and B. But then I was buying from B. Weaver. I've had their Buckfasts and All Americans and both were excellent. They have always given good service and only once did I ever get a drone layer which they promptly replaced.
The only problems I've had, we've gone over before, and that was summer before last when all of my buckfast hives swarmed in a drought and turned vicious.
I must add my Italions got quite testy last in fall when I opened the hive to give them sugar water .They were robbing and had the other hives in a fury and when I open theirs
they came out to fight.
Don't forget the old stand by smoker. Sugar syrup is fine most of the time but the smoker is much more effective in the long run especially if you got many colonies to work through and will end up angering alot of bees.
i got some all american and buckfastlast fall. The all american seem to go through much more feed than the buckfast just my opinion (they are from b weaver)
I have one buckfast from R weaver and it is great. i bought the other queens from B because they are suposed to have more mite resistance in their genes.
I started six hives last year with a mixture of different races of bees (Carniolan, Cordovan Italian, and pure Italian). One of the problems that I had was a lack of drawn foundation. This limits some of the manipulations that you can do.
For quick buildup (and from admittedly limited experience) I don't think that you can beat the Italians. They drew more foundation quicker than any of the other races of bees that I had last year. So much so that I was stealing frames of drawn foundation from the Italians and giving them to the other hives to ensure that they were all equal. Each time I did this, the Italians would quickly build drawn foundation on the new frames that I threw into the hive. This same philosophy worked on honey supers.
Therefore, I would recommend that you get the Italians, get an inventory of drawn foundation, and then requeen (in the fall or early spring) with the ones that you believe you need for the other factors that have been mentioned.
Another advantage is that it is much easier to find Italian Package Bees (and thus the quality should be better) at this time of the year.


text:
Tilal Liwa Hotel
Abu Dhabi resort unveils big ITB Berlin plans
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Tilal Liwa Hotel launches tree planting campaign
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text:
Here be Dragons – head to the Royal Armouries Museum, Leeds, this half-term - Thursday, 2 February 2012
Celebrate the Chinese Year of the Dragon by heading to the Royal Armouries, Leeds, this February half-term for a low-cost day out for all the family.
Britain's oldest museum has lined up a host of dragon-themed activities to keep the kids out of mischief from Saturday, February 11, to Sunday, February 19.
Museum admission is free and highlights include a free Petting Zoo on Tuesday, February 14, and Friday, February 17 – complete with Bearded Dragons, Monitor Lizards and other weird and wonderful reptiles.
Other family activities will run as follows. Some activities are free but others carry a small charge (marked with a £).
- Dragons' Quest – Hunt for dragons in the galleries – can you find them all and win a prize? (Free).
Dragon's Wood – Are you brave enough to enter the maze and save the princess from the fearsome dragon? (£).
- Dragon masks – Make your own scary mask to take home (£).
- Children's film shows (Free).
Visitors can also explore the rest of the museum – home to the national collection of arms and armour – with 8,500 historic items on show in a series of themed galleries; War, Tournament, Oriental, Self Defence and Hunting.
The Tournament Gallery is newly refurbished and allows visitors to experience of might of Henry VIII – king and sportsman.
The museum's children's play area, The Jester's Yard, will also be open, along with the Crossbow Range.
The February half-term activities are just part of the Royal Armouries' Dangerously Entertaining events programme for 2012. For more information and for opening times, visit www.royalarmouries.org
Notes to editors
For more information and the latest news about the Royal Armouries:
Royal Armouries website
Royal Armouries newsletter
Follow us on Twitter
Find us on Facebook
- Royal Armouries is the national museum of arms and armour and has sites in Leeds, HM Tower of London, Fort Nelson and Louisville, Kentucky. It is the first British national museum to open a permanent presence in another country
- Admission to the museum is free. However, there may be a small charge for some special events.
- Open all year daily, 10am-5pm. Closed 24-25 December
- Information Line: 0113 220 1999
- Website: www.royalarmouries.org
- The Royal Armouries Museum should not be confused with Royal Armouries International plc, the private sector corporate hospitality business.
Download the PDF press release.


text:
A Kufi (koo fee) is a hat traditionallly worn by muslims, it is made of a lace like material and sits atop ones head. To "get on" ones kufi means to be putting them under pressure, or straining them in some capacity. To trash talk someone, or call them out for what they are doing wrong.
by numberoneplasyerinthegame April 30, 2012


text:
"When I tried using it to call my husband, who is curently deployed, I was amazed on how fast it connected me and how clear the voice quality is, like we are just talking in the same location and no reception or static problem. And the best part of it, it's so cheap that I can call everyday and not worry about racking up our long distance bill. I will definitely recommend this site to all my friends."
"Very competent and friendly support! Great service!"


text:
"Daddy Cakes" was originally coined by two Dad's having fun for breakfast with their kids, family, and friends - it snowballed from there and they left their corporate jobs to make "Daddy Cakes" available to everyone. They trademarked the term "Daddy Cakes" and created Daddy Cakes International, LLC based in Newport Beach, California. They have a super cool line of baked goods mixes for todays generation, and sell housewares, apparel, and accessories. Most of their products are of limited release as they want their customers to have a somewhat unique experience. As far as I know, they are the one, the original, and only "Daddy Cakes" so it's a totally legit brand.
1) Check out her top, it's from Daddy Cakes. 2) That "Daddy Cakes" cupcake belt is da bomb! 3) These "Daddy Cakes" taste awesome! 4) Liberal Kansas enjoyed "Daddy Cakes" during International Pancake Day
by Jilly G April 01, 2008
DaddyCakes are great baking mixes created by dads. Daddy Cakes are simple, often "Just Add Water" baking mixes created by Daddy Cakes International in Newport Beach
DaddyCakes make the best pancakes! Step aside Mrs. B & Auntie, Daddy Cakes is here! Daddy Cakes - There's pancakes, then there's DaddyCakes!
by Daddy Cakes® July 21, 2008
Cleveland Steamer Plush
The vengeful act of crapping on a lover's chest while they sleep.Buy the plush
DaddyCakes is what pancakes are called when made by Dad using great ingredients provided in a mix called Daddy Cakes. DaddyCake is the man behind the pancake - the conquerer of all that is evil in the world. Our Dad is DaddyCake.
DaddyCake is the man. My Dad is DaddyCake, he is better than any other Super Hero EVER! Those pancakes must be Daddy Cakes.
by Todd Markley June 26, 2008
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.Buy the mug
DaddyCake is when someone references just one of the two brothers who created Daddy Cakes® the brand of "Just Add Water" baking mixes and products sold in specialty stores and online.
Hey Daddy Cake, Where is your good looking brother? Daddy Cake-Cupcakes are your best friend! Levi is the most Daddy Cake - No way, Dan is more Daddy Cake. Cupcake, There is no room for any fake Daddy Cakes®
by Daddy Cakes September 20, 2008
Cleveland Steamer Plush
The vengeful act of crapping on a lover's chest while they sleep.Buy the plush
A term of endearment for a very special person.
Daddycakes, I'm sorry. Please forgive me. I can wait until you are better.
I miss you so much, Daddycakes.
Daddycakes filed a leave from work to celebrate our 2nd Year Anniversary on 18th of May.
I miss you so much, Daddycakes.
Daddycakes filed a leave from work to celebrate our 2nd Year Anniversary on 18th of May.
by bearmonk April 22, 2009


text: I find myself totally disinterested in the "big game". I think I will watch the'07-'08 playoffs and Super Bowls 42 and 46. I wish there was a 5 disc set of last years run to the Super Bowl. I'll probably record the game, just in case I decide to scan through it sometime. I think I'd puke if I had to sit through a piece about the A- hole brothers coaching against each other.


text:
Town Square
religius extremism
Original post made by janette, Barron Park, on Nov 2, 2007
(I can just hear the remarks if Muslims felt they deserved state aid for deliberately not working):
Web Link
"Some 60 percent of ultra-Orthodox men do not work regular jobs, preferring religious study. More than 50 percent live below the poverty line and get state allowances, compared with 15 percent of the rest of the population, and most families have six or seven children, said Momi Dahan, an economist at the School of Public Policy at Hebrew University."
"On Oct. 21, five ultra-Orthodox Jews assaulted a woman and an Israeli soldier on a bus bound for Beit Shemesh. The men demanded that the woman sit in the back of the bus; when she refused and asked the soldier to sit next to her, they beat them both. When the police came, dozens of ultra-Orthodox men attacked them while the assailants escaped."
Comments (48)
a resident of Midtown
on Nov 2, 2007 at 7:10 am
and your "relevancy" point is?
Shall I start posting every extremist Christian and Muslim article I read?
Or, is it that I am supposed to conclude somehow that all religious extremists are equal, regardless of number of dead as a result of the brand of extremism?
a resident of Charleston Gardens
on Nov 2, 2007 at 7:22 am
Janette--besides trying to be inflammatory is there a point to your posting?
Of course, one can read between the lines and come to certain conclusions regarding your posting.
Yes, their are religious extremists in the jewish religion, as well as in christian religions also. However Huh?? makes a good point when he mentions the number of dead caused by religious extremists.
a resident of Green Acres
on Nov 2, 2007 at 9:39 am
Very interesting article from NYT thanks for the link.
I was not aware that there is no separation of church and state in
Israel, it sound rather like a "shia" state of affairs
a resident of Charleston Gardens
on Nov 2, 2007 at 9:52 am
you may want to do some homework and look at how many countries DO have a separation between church and state. You might be surprised.
Of course one big difference between "shia" states is that no one in Israel is forced to be orthodox, unlike some countries that have religious police trolling the streets for "offenders".
a resident of Barron Park
on Nov 2, 2007 at 9:59 am
Excuse me, Marvin, what's the difference between the religious police trolling the street for offenders and what the people in the article did to that woman in the bus? According to that article, which cites other examples, set foot in a religious neighborhood without conforming 100% to their customs, and your life and/or safety isn't worth a nickle, apparently.
a resident of Green Acres
on Nov 2, 2007 at 10:05 am
After Israel's founding in 1948 the secular David Ben-Gurion agreed that
rabbinical law would prevail in matters such as marriage and divorce
partly because he assumed the Orthodox would melt away.
In fact according to the NYT it has not melted away but in fact become
much stronger.
Of course they can do what they want but if they maintain this
prejudice such countries should not benefit from our generous aid.
a resident of Charleston Gardens
on Nov 2, 2007 at 10:10 am
What prejudice are you referring to? ARe you judging the whole country based on the actions of a minority few?
BTW, you are wrong about Ben_gurion's motives. But is the fact that Israel's marriage/divorce matters are judged based on orthodox beleifs any different than what occurs in many other countries in the Middle East?
In the US we seem to allow right-wing christian groups to practice their forms of prejudice.
WE also support and aid many nations (i.e Saudi Arabia) that exhibit much more extreme religious beliefs.
BTW, Joel, I can read between the lines of what you are getting at.
a resident of Stanford
on Nov 2, 2007 at 10:28 am
In Israel it is ILLEGAL for a Jew to wed a Gentile since its inception some 60 years ago.
Rabbinical courts have complete jurisdiction over marriage, and they won't allow a Jew to wed a Gentile.
Rabbinical courts also forbid civil marriage, meaning all marriages of Jews performed in Israel follow strict orthodox religious custom.
a resident of Charleston Gardens
on Nov 2, 2007 at 10:36 am
Daily reminder--
And your point is?
ARe you upset because you are a jew who was denied marriage to a gentile?
BTW, this argument about Israel seems to pop up on numerous threads in this forum.
Just to make sure--are muslims in countries like Saudi Arabia allowed to marry non-muslims? Are catholics allowed to marry a non-catholic in the catholic church?
If the Rabbinical Courts in Israel upset you so, I suggest you go to ISrael and work to change the laws
a resident of Midtown
on Nov 2, 2007 at 11:09 am
Marvin, people who think like you and I do are not at all on the same page as people who see no difference between Government sanctioned police violently enforcing government extremist rules on a population and a minority few who are breaking the law by beating someone up.
a resident of Green Acres
on Nov 2, 2007 at 11:11 am
Why are you being so defensive, can you not read between the lines ?
I do not want my tax dollars supporting governments that have sharia
type laws or racist laws regarding intermarriage, period.
Our allies such as England would never tolerate such intolerance.
a resident of Charleston Gardens
on Nov 2, 2007 at 11:23 am
I suggest then that you contact your representative sin Congress and let them know your feelings.
I thought that England was a supporter of Israel--they also support many of the muslim nations in the middle east that practice even more stringent religious laws (but that i snot the issue, because they are muslims--the problems is when the jews do it--or actually the problem is that Israel exists--let's cut through the bs and get right to your point, Joel)
BTW did you know that India and the Philippines are the only countries in the world which have separate Muslim civil laws, framed by Muslim Personal Law board, and wholly based on Sharia. Saudi Arabia and Iran maintain religious courts for all aspects of jurisprudence, and religious police assert social compliance. Laws derived from sharia are also applied in Afghanistan, Libya and Sudan. Some states in northern Nigeria have reintroduced Sharia courts. A bill proposed by lawmakers in the Indonesian province of Aceh would impose Sharia law on all non-Muslims, the armed forces and law enforcement officers, a local police official has announced.
So I assume that you oppose US aid to India, Phillipines, Afghanistan, Libya, Sudan Iran, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia.
Do our allies send aid to any of these countries/
You need to look into this quickly.
a resident of Midtown
on Nov 2, 2007 at 11:41 am
[Post removed by Palo Alto Online staff.]
a resident of Green Acres
on Nov 2, 2007 at 11:54 am
and your point is ?
The discussion is about holding countries that get $billion of our money accountable for racist intermarriage laws and Sharia type laws in general.
We are the superpower we can impose condition, for example we demanded that England give up its colonies in exchange for lend-lease. England did and they remain our primary ally. We have supported a variety of corrupt and racist countries in the past but we have learned this does not work so we are in the process of ending this policy
a resident of Charleston Gardens
on Nov 2, 2007 at 12:05 pm
[Post removed by Palo Alto Online staff.]
a resident of Green Acres
on Nov 2, 2007 at 12:12 pm
you are being defensive again
So you are saying that you support racist intermarriage laws and
sharia type laws in general ----- good luck
That is not the American way, you must feel rather lonely here
a resident of Charleston Gardens
on Nov 2, 2007 at 1:05 pm
Joel--Yes I support the religious laws in Israel--if you consider them to be racist, that is your choice. At least here and in Israel, you have a choice as to how religious you want to be, what religion to practice and how to practice that religion.
Unfortunately in some countries, no other religions are allowed (i.e Saudi Arabia) and those countries are entirely controlled by these religious laws.
I have also given you examples of other countries that have sharia laws.
ARe you upset about the laws in those countries as you are about Israel?
AS i stated above (which was censored by the "no humor" editors of this forum) you have a couple of options--you can move to Israel and work to change the laws and/or you can petition your legislatures to cut off all aid to Israel unless they change the laws.
Which of these steps will you be pursuing?
BTW did you know many Muslims consider the Western concept of separation of Church and State to be rebellion against God's law. There is a contemporary debate in Islam whether obedience to Islamic law is ultimately compatible with the Western secular pattern, which separates religion from civic life.
So to me it sounds like Israel, based on muslim belief, is following God's law. So you are saying that we should not follow God's law?
Following God's law is the american way--you must be rather lonely here.
a resident of Green Acres
on Nov 2, 2007 at 1:35 pm
[Post removed by Palo Alto Online staff.]
a resident of Charleston Gardens
on Nov 2, 2007 at 1:47 pm
[Portion removed by Palo Alto Online staff.]
If you are outraged about religious and racial discrimination, then demonstrate it by speaking out against ALL cases-not just your made up ones involving Israel. You may also want to look into Chinas oppresion of religion in Tibet and the slaughter being perpetrated in Darfur by muslims.
a resident of Charleston Gardens
on Nov 2, 2007 at 2:16 pm
Jonathan Jay Pollard (Hebrew: יהונתן ג'. פולארד) (born August 7, 1954 in South Bend, Indiana) is a convicted Israeli spy and a former United States Naval civilian intelligence analyst. Pollard waived the right to trial in return for restrictions on sentencing, pleaded guilty and was convicted on one count of spying for Israel,[1] receiving a life sentence in 1986 with a recommendation against parole. Israel publicly denied that Pollard was an Israeli spy until 1998, when he was granted Israeli citizenship.[2] He was incarcerated at the federal penitentiary in Marion, Illinois in solitary confinement for seven years, then transferred to Butner Federal Correctional Institution in North Carolina.[3]
a resident of Stanford
on Nov 2, 2007 at 2:41 pm
In addition to overseeing all matters of marriage, Israeli rabbinical courts oversee all matters of divorce. And as it happens, these rabbis refuse to allow a woman to divorce her husband without his permission.
He could have fed all the kids into a woodchipper, and his wife cannot divorce him without his permission.
Creepier still, rabbinical courts allow husbands to dictate a number of conditions that the wife must agree to in order to be granted a divorce, including no alimony payments or no child support payments.
But it gets even worse, because rabbinical courts allow Israeli men to dictate many other conditions, including how their children will be religiously trained, what schools their children must attend, where his former wife is permitted to reside, etc.
If a rabbinical court determine that a divorced women has failed to meet those conditions, the divorce is revoked, which means any children she has had subsequent to the divorce are deemed to be "mamzers" or bastards.
These mamzers are indeed recognized to be Jewish, but rabbinical courts forbid mamzers to wed non-mamzer Jews for 10 generations.
Rabbinical courts do permit mamzers to wed mamzers. The last I heard, rabbinical courts have determined about 13,000 Israelis to be mamzers.
a resident of Another Palo Alto neighborhood
on Nov 2, 2007 at 2:51 pm
Some controversial sharia laws favour Muslim men, including polygamy and rejection of alimony.
Most countries of the Middle East and North Africa maintain a dual system of secular courts and religious courts, in which the religious courts mainly regulate marriage and inheritance.
Though Islamic law is interpreted differently across times, places and scholars, following fundamentalist's literal and traditional interpretations, Muslim scholars believe it should legally be binding on all people of the Muslim faith and even on all people who come under their control
a resident of Stanford
on Nov 2, 2007 at 3:01 pm
Why shouldn't Israel be held to Western standards?
After all, no Muslim country claims it is a democracy.
Yet Israel harps on being the only democracy in the Middle East... ad nauseum.
a resident of Another Palo Alto neighborhood
on Nov 2, 2007 at 3:22 pm
Turkey, Mauritania, Bangladesh are democracies
Jordan, Kuwait and Baharin are constitutional monarchies--so they are also democratic in some respects.
[Portion removed by Palo Alto Online staff.]
a resident of Stanford
on Nov 2, 2007 at 3:40 pm
Can you imagine how you would react if it were illegal for a Jew to wed a Gentile in Europe or North America?
a resident of Stanford
on Nov 2, 2007 at 3:48 pm
I googled "only democracy in the Middle East" and got over 50,000 hits:
Web Link
a resident of Green Acres
on Nov 2, 2007 at 5:25 pm
Actually there were laws in Europe that made it illegal for a Jew and a Gentile to wed.
That was under the Third Reich from January 1933 to May 1945.
A regime that many English, Canadians, Australians, etc and Americans
gave their lives to defeat!
a resident of Another Palo Alto neighborhood
on Nov 2, 2007 at 5:29 pm
Daily Reminder
No orthodox rabbi anywhere in the world would marry a jew and a gentile. period--there is no discussion about that. Orthodox rabbis all over the world are guided by the same rules that are upheld in Israel.
If a jew wants to marry a gentile in Europe or North America, they can have a reform or maybe even a conservative ceremony. they would know that so there would be no outrage.
they also could have a cvil ceremony.
No one is stopping them from marrying. if they live in Israel, they must adhere to the religious laws of the state of israel--it is that simple. They know that and the vast majority of the population of Israel, religious and non-religious understand that and accept that
These laws regarding marriage are no different than religious laws regarding marriage in the muslim faith.
Butthe issue is really not about religious law in Israel. the issue is your intense hatred for Israel, your anti-semitisma nd your deesire to see Israel destroyed.
Stop cloaking these repeated arguments, spread over numerous threads, on "outrage" over jewish religious law.
Israel will not go away--get used to it.
a resident of Stanford
on Nov 2, 2007 at 7:47 pm
A non-jewish woman who wishes to convert to Judaism must agree to remove her clothing, enter a mikvah (a ritualistic bath), and allow 3 rabbis to "inspect" her.
a resident of Green Acres
on Nov 2, 2007 at 9:24 pm
Actually there were laws in Europe that made it illegal for a Jew and a Gentile to wed.
That was under the Third Reich from January 1933 to May 1945.
A regime that many English, Canadians, Australians, etc and Americans
gave their lives to defeat!
never again ----anywhere ---israel is no exception to this moral imperative-- not in my name
a resident of Another Palo Alto neighborhood
on Nov 2, 2007 at 10:12 pm
Nes pas?--Where did you come up with this fantasy about 3 rabbis in a mikvah? Is this part of an orthodox, conervative and reform conversion?
Let us say for a minute that your fantasy is true and a woman who wants to convert to judaism agrees to having the 3 rabbis inspect her, what is the problem?
Of course this is all a fantasy since this would not be a part of a reform or conservative conversion and orthodox rabbis would never be in a mikvah with a naked woman.
By the way do you know what a mikvah really is?
Ah, joel, you now admit that you are "jewish" (for the purpose of your last post, of course). A jew and a gentile can marry anywhere they want except in certain muslim countries. In fact in those countries the practice of any other religion is strictly forbidden and muslims are forbidden, under penalty of death from marrying non-muslims.
In fact in some of those countries, families still practice "honor killings" in which a daughter is killed because she brought dishonor to the family by having sex out of wedlock or seeing a non-muslim? As was noted above in many muslim countries religious courts regulate marriage. Please save some of your outrage for real example of religious bigotry.
However if you are jewish and are so outraged by the fact that jews cannot marry gentiles in Israel, then why are you in the Green Acres neighborhood writing these posts? you should be in Israel campaigning to change this religous law that you so abhor.
[Portion removed by Palo Alto Online staff.]
a resident of Green Acres
on Nov 2, 2007 at 11:32 pm
I am a jew ,and proud of it, however I am ashamed that as you say " by the fact that jews cannot marry gentiles in Israel"
I am outraged--- some of my best freinds are gentiles-- many of their relatives died --
fighting such racism--- for good reason we jews are held to higher standards--- shame
on you--you do not honor the sacrifice our gentile friends made , forget about the
moslems, if you are an agent of another country declare youself as such but do not claim
to speak for me me or cloak yourself in the shroud of the shoah.
The world is tired of wild accusations of anti jewish prejudice every time some one has a
legitimate criticism of israels policy. You know as welll as me that israel is doomed
demographically in 15 yrs if it does not change
a resident of Stanford
on Nov 3, 2007 at 8:40 am
"i rest my case" '
The mikvah law is no fantasy.
Israeli rabbinical courts are dominated by orthodox rabbis.
Clearly put, if an Israeli man wishes to wed a convert to Judaism, then his bride will submit to 3 rabbis in a mikvah or the wedding is off.
a resident of South of Midtown
on Nov 3, 2007 at 12:37 pm
Nes pas, your knowledge of French is a great as full and accurate as your knowledge of your other topics.
a resident of Stanford
on Nov 3, 2007 at 1:24 pm
I'm not sure what you mean.
a resident of another community
on Nov 3, 2007 at 1:30 pm
Web Link
"The procedure with a woman convert was as follows: she would prepare herself, I would check her over, and she would go down into the water. I placed a towel over the railing in such a way that after she dunked, while she was still underwater and the three rabbis who constituted the Beit Din [religious court] looked in quickly, all they could see was the water's smooth surface and that no part of her head was above the water. I stayed in the room with her, but they could not actually see the rest of her body. There were other methods as well. One rav [rabbi] brought a long, loose, flowing robe for a woman to wear while she dunked."
a resident of Stanford
on Nov 3, 2007 at 3:57 pm
From your link:
Web Link
"Another battle I waged was against allowing children to enter with the crowd. Women were embarrassed to meet local neighborhood children who lived on their street. In one Jerusalem mikva, a group of children accompanying a bride met their teacher in the waiting room, a piece of information they gleefully shared with their classmates the next day in school. In the interest of modesty, the rabbinate insisted that children not join in the festivities, but it was another battle with custom."
"it was another battle with custom"?
For adults to disrobe in front of neighborhood children?
a resident of another community
on Nov 3, 2007 at 8:23 pm
Yes, adults disrobing in front of children--shocking isn't it??
of course that is not what is said in the link, but do not letthe facts bother you.
You also glossed over that the rabbinate put a stop to children going to the mikvah.
my friend Dr Ferragamo told me what a muslim woman has to undergo with the imams in order to conver to islam--not very pretty
a resident of Greater Miranda
on Nov 3, 2007 at 9:42 pm
[Post removed by Palo Alto Online staff.]
a resident of Greater Miranda
on Nov 3, 2007 at 10:45 pm
thanks for removing my post Palo Alto online staff. i guess Palo Alto is full of tolerance for everyone except atheists.
a resident of Old Palo Alto
on Nov 4, 2007 at 3:46 pm
We should have problems with forcing people to support practices they don't follow. One of my aunts had to go through the mikvah. What she told me is that the water was filthy; she did not see any possible relavance to conversion. She thought it was a statement of hostility to women, because it isn't required of men who convert.
One of my friends who was born in Haifa is orthodox; she now lives in Jerusalem. She does not consider the ultra-orthodox to be Jews; she has been stoned by them on her way to a wedding. She thinks they are thugs and parasites. She says that they want war, as long as they personally don't have to risk their lives. She can no longer speak to Muslims she knew as a child in Haifa.
She is distressed by the corruption of the rabbinate. Her husband moved to Israel so that she could be near her mother, who is ill. He is also orthodox. When last we met he said that he is still an observant Jew, but Israel has destroyed his faith; he is no longer a believing Jew. If it were not for Rina's family, he would leave.
I think it's very sad. And I think the United States has done a great deal to change Israel for the worse.
a resident of Old Palo Alto
on Nov 4, 2007 at 4:57 pm
And Marvin, when people attribute onerous requirements to their God, I think the inconvenience should be theirs alone.
If people want an unreasonable God, that's certainly their right. Why they should believe in an Almighty who can be fooled by a human government is beyond my understanding.
a resident of Midtown
on Nov 5, 2007 at 6:20 am
Good grief, Carol, the US has so much power it is destroying Israel? When did this happen???? Oh yes, since about January 2001, I am sure. Before that all was rosy in the Middle East and in Israel.
Every religion has its extremists, and its people who allow the extremists to be the excuse they use to leave the religion. Judaism is no different.
It is called human nature. Every good can be perverted.
a resident of Old Palo Alto
on Nov 5, 2007 at 4:31 pm
good grief: Just as Saudi Arabia funded Hamas, and changed the Palestinians from the best educated to the most fundamentalist of Arab groups, so U.S. funding has gone to the most reactionary groups of Jews in Israel.
You are too naive. Take a look at the Iranian offer to the United States in 2003, through the Swiss Ambassador, our delegated "back channel" to Iran. Among the items on the Iranian agenda was support for a two state solution for Israel, and pressuring Hezbollah to become an entirely political group. The Bush Administration of course was not interested. The memorandum is in the back of Barbara Slavin's new book, "Bitter Friends,Bosom Enemies."
I'm not betting that the next American administration will take up the negotiations, but it would be a very good thing if it happened.
a resident of Midtown
on Nov 5, 2007 at 5:17 pm
No Carol. I greatly respect your using your name, and if I ever meet you in person I will tell you who I am and why I don't use my name.
But, that said, I would beg to differ with your assessment of what makes a person "naive". "Naive" is having a template that will only allow in information, that is not in context, which supports the template. This information is carefully burnished to reflect the premise of the writer/speaker, in this case a very hostile "reporter" for USA Today ( such a fine and respected paper, always so factual.)
See the following interview for an example of fine journalistic search for truth, without an agenda to prove.
Web Link
We have supported a 2 state solution for many years. The problem is that you cannot have only one state support the solution, and not the other. Otherwise the one simply keeps trying to eliminate the other, as we have continued to see. I am not saying Israel is blameless,..I blame the continued construction of settlements as an aggravation, but by far not the primary cause of a failure.
THAT is the background premise for why there are not yet two separate nations, Israel and Palestine.
To take one paper, without context and without thought toward the consequences if enacted, is the naive approach. Especially to take such writing by an author whole-cloth without any other perspectives to inform it.
I read all sides to an issue, not just one. This lends itself to not being duped. I was a "useful idiot" ( a phrase falsely but commonly attributed to Stalin who none-the-less clearly used gullible and good-hearted people in the USA to help him in covering his tyrannical atrocities back in Russia) at one time, believing only one "side" of a story, not looking at all sides and reasoning out the logical outcome. My eyes were opened about 10 years ago.
a resident of another community
on Nov 5, 2007 at 6:22 pm
[Post removed by Palo Alto Online staff.]
a resident of Stanford
on Nov 5, 2007 at 8:05 pm
For me, the problem stems from the sheer lunacy and sheer evil of establishing a Jewish state for Jewish people in a land that had been the home of Arabs for multiple thousands of years.
Did you know the Israeli Declaration of Statehood (1947) uses the term "Jew" or "Jewish" 24 times?
Can you imagine if European or North American constitutions used "Christian" so many times?
a resident of Midtown
on Nov 6, 2007 at 12:37 pm
Well, I will just let that stand as an example of what I was referring to in my last post.
Don't miss out on the discussion!
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Pat Shipman
They were not us. That is, Neandertals were probably not members of our own species, judging from recent analyses of mitochondrial DNA (described in the November-December 2003 issue). Nonetheless, Neandertals were clearly built on a human-like plan (or vice versa) with some crucial modifications.
A glance at the fossil remains of these hominids shows that Neandertal bones are much more robust than those of modern Homo sapiens. The skulls of the two species also show several striking differences. One of the most noticeable Neandertal features is the unmistakably large, bony browridges that stick out over the eyes. Below the orbits, the face is more prognathic—the nose and jaw protrude farther in front of the braincase—than a human face. The prominent nasal bones in Neandertal skulls top wide nasal openings, suggesting that they sported large, aquiline noses. Unlike the smoother, rounded contour of the human skull, the back of the Neandertal skull has a distinctive bulge, often referred to as a chignon or bun. Overall, the Neandertal skull resembles what you might expect if someone took a human skull made of rubber, grabbed it by the face and back of the head, and pulled.
These comparisons attracted the attention of scientists who study the interactions between evolution and development from birth to adulthood—so-called "evo-devo." Put simply, they wanted to know: How do you grow up Neandertal?
Tale of the Teeth
In the spring of 2004, several studies offered fascinating answers to this question. Fernando Ramírez Rozzi of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique in Paris and José Maria Bermúdez de Castro of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid compared the rates of dental growth in several species within the genus Homo, including Neandertals. They examined the perikymata—small enamel ridges on the tooth surface—of incisor and canine teeth from 55 Neandertals, 25 Homo antecessor and Homo heidelbergensis individuals (two species that some anthropologists group together) and 39 ancient but anatomically modern humans.
Perikymata are created as a tooth grows. In humans and their close kin (such as Homo erectus), one ridge is created approximately every nine days during tooth development. The ridges of more distant relatives, including chimpanzees and gorillas, are formed at shorter intervals. By counting the number of perikymata, investigators can calculate how long the tooth took to form.
Surprisingly—and this is also the first word in the title of their paper— Ramírez Rozzi and Bermúdez de Castro found that Neandertals formed their teeth in fewer days than did H. antecessor and H. heidelbergensis. If Neandertals had been the most ancient of the lot, one might expect them to be the most ape-like. But although the other fossil species are older still, they already show the human pattern. The finding is also a surprise because some scientists still feel that Neandertals are, basically, just funny-looking humans—a judgment challenged by this fundamental difference.
Dental maturity is a common proxy for overall maturity because neurological, skeletal and sexual milestones are correlated with the pace of tooth mineralization. The authors concluded that faster dental development meant that Neandertals reached adulthood 15 percent sooner than humans, on average. To state this finding in practical terms, if humans attain physical maturity at 18 years, Neandertals were similarly grown at 15 years.
Their paper also examined the spacing of perikymata across the front surfaces of incisors and canines. Dental enamel forms first at the tip of the crown—the first point to emerge from the gum—and then proceeds toward the roots. In modern humans, the perikymata are widely spaced in the half of the tooth that formed first, indicating that lots of enamel was deposited during each nine-day increment. On the second half of each human tooth, the ridges are more closely spaced, showing a slower daily rate of enamel formation.
Like human teeth, Neandertal teeth look as if they grew rapidly at first and then slowed down. However, on the part of each Neandertal tooth that grew later, the perikymata are more spread out than in their human counterparts. In other words, although the rate of enamel formation also decreased with age in Neandertals, the slowdown was less pronounced. This pattern of dental growth resembles that of apes. We know that the apes of today reach physical maturity much faster than humans. So, presumably, did Neandertals.
Ramírez Rozzi and Bermúdez de Castro speculated that Neandertals evolved a more rapid rate of physical maturation in response to high mortality rates. Erik Trinkaus of Washington University in St. Louis documented this subject in 1995 using the remains of 206 Neandertals whose age at death could be estimated from dental or skeletal indicators.
Astonishingly, Trinkaus found that the great majority (80 percent) of these individuals died before reaching middle age (defined as the equivalent of 40 human years). The largest fraction (40 percent) died during early adulthood—equivalent to a human age between 20 and 40 years. Even the famous "Old Man of La Chapelle-aux-Saints"—whose remains indicate that he suffered from degenerative joint disease and tooth loss during life—died around age 30. If, as these data suggest, Neandertals usually died young, then natural selection would favor individuals who grew up fast and bore their babies early. Also, earlier maturity among their offspring would shorten the period of vulnerable childhood—another selective advantage.
Growing up Neandertal was apparently a sprint compared with the endurance contest of human growth, and the fossil record shows that the finish lines, and perhaps the racecourses, were different for the two species. But how exactly did these paths diverge? Just what had to be accomplished during Neandertals' childhood years?
Parsing the Evolution of Homo sapiens
Certainly, the crania of both species had to grow during the course of development, although the adult skulls of Neandertals and modern humans are quite different. Perhaps Neandertals were born with skulls much like those of modern humans, but these skulls grew differently—earlier, faster or longer—to produce the distinctive shape of an adult Neandertal skull. Were this hypothesis true, it might suggest that modern humans descended from Neandertal ancestors by mutations that altered the timing or duration of cranial growth. For example, hulking Neandertal browridges might have evolved into the more modest browridges of modern, adult humans through slower growth of that region. In that case, an adult human would resemble an immature Neandertal, a condition called neoteny.
Frank L'Engle Williams of Georgia State University and Laurie Godfrey and Mike Sutherland of the University of Massachusetts described a test of the hypothesis that humans resembled neotenous Neandertals in a chapter of the recent book Patterns of Growth and Development in the Genus Homo (Cambridge University Press, 2003). The team measured 24 linear features on skulls from 41 Neandertals and 294 modern humans that represented every stage of the life cycle. They programmed these data into a computer model that tried to simulate the "evolution" of modern humans from adult or juvenile Neandertals by varying the rate of change for shape, size or a combination of both.
The attempt failed. Although Neandertal skulls are larger in all dimensions than human ones, simply making a Neandertal skull smaller does not produce something that looks like an adult human skull. The differences lie deeper than mere size. Using juvenile or immature Neandertals as a starting point worked no better: Adult human skulls were as different from those of immature Neandertals as the human specimens were from mature fossils. The authors' conclusion was that "humans make poor neotenous Neandertals," according to Williams.
If neoteny cannot explain the differences between human and Neandertal skulls, two possibilities remain: Either Neandertal newborns started with a different template and then grew like humans, or they started differently and grew differently as well.
Gail Krovitz of the University of Colorado at Denver addressed these competing hypotheses in a contribution to the same book (which she also helped edit). Unable to follow living Neandertals as they grew, she instead used a cross-sectional sample of Neandertal and human remains divided into five age classes on the basis of dental maturity, using human standards: 0-3 years; 3-6 years; 6-9 years; 9-13.5 years and greater than 13.5 years.
In this study, Krovitz recorded the three-dimensional coordinates of 39 anatomical landmarks on the crania of 5 immature and 18 adult Neandertals. The small sample size reflects the scarcity of the accessible, virtually complete specimens that are needed for this kind of study. Krovitz also took similar measurements on 230 immature and 142 adult human crania. After calculating averages for the landmark positions within each age class, she analyzed the distance increase between all possible pairs of landmarks in successive age classes. This procedure revealed the developmental stage and extent of cranial growth, by region, for each species.
In fact, there was scant variation over time in the well-known differences between Neandertal and human crania—the same distinctions held true across the board. In every age group, Neandertal fossils were longer in the lower face, wider across the orbits, longer front to back, and lower from the top of the braincase to the cranial base than human specimens, implying that some or all of the distinguishing features of Neandertal crania formed prior to birth. Yet in the midst of this uniformity, the patterns of growth were different. In general, between birth and age 9, Neandertal faces grew longer below the browridges and became more prognathic, while human faces widened across the orbits. From 9 to 13.5 years, Neandertal faces broadened across the orbits and elongated below the nasal aperture. In humans, the entire face lengthened. After 13.5 years of age, Neandertal crania continued to elongate and widen more than human crania, further increasing their prognathism.
These dissimilarities in growth are statistically significant and Krovitz believes they reflect a fundamentally different developmental pattern acting upon a different cranial shape found at or perhaps before birth. "Neandertals were born as baby Neandertals," she explains, "and throughout their life, the shape differences in their heads were accentuated by different patterns of growth."
Analyzing growth and development in fossil species is fraught with subtle pitfalls and plagued by small sample sizes. Yet independent analyses of dental and skeletal markers tell the same story, one of rapid growth and a nonhuman pattern of shape change throughout Neandertal childhood. If Neandertals were not "us" genetically, as most paleoanthropologists now believe, neither were they "us" in terms of development. Perhaps a suitable epitaph for Neandertals is this:
Thickened, heavy skulls long gone,They grew up strange, lived fast, died young.
You can find this online at http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/num2/growing-up-neandertal/3
© 2016 Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society


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As you all know, I attended the LATISM "Top Bloguera" Retreat in Washington, D.C. Since coming back home I've had a lot to catch up on with work, my family, the household, and on top of that, we've been having some suegra drama so I haven't had the luxury of sorting out my thoughts on the event, (let alone my videos and all my photos!)
I did write a recap for Latina Bloggers Connect though, and here is what I said, in part:
"Me personally, I'm still processing it all. I'm the type that needs a few days to think before I can say for certain what conclusion I've come to, but I can say with certainty that the event did the following for me:
The Top Bloguera Retreat encouraged me to re-think what I put my energy into and to consider whether I need to re-focus or re-distribute that energy in a different way for more satisfying payoffs, (emotional as well as financial.) – Now you know why I have a lot of thinking to do!"
(Read the rest at: Latina Bloggers Connect.)
The White House briefing was really informative. The Obama Administration has done a lot of things that benefit not just the Latino community, but all communities, and I'm hoping to bring you the highlights of what I learned in an upcoming post.
For now, check out the White House blog: #LatismAtTheWH – Latinos Active in Social Media Visit the White House.


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IKYTA is a global association of Kundalini Yoga Teachers, who are serving each other's professional and spiritual growth, networking with each other and building unity through teaching, practicing and sharing Kundalini Yoga and Meditation as taught by Yogi Bhajan®. Stay connected!
If you are not a teacher and want to learn about Kudanlini Yoga visit 3ho.org/kundalini-yoga


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Supergiant Games
Pyre is the new game from Bastion and Transistor dev Supergiant
Supergiant Games has revealed its third project, Pyre.
Supergiant Games headlines
Bastion arrives on PS4 today in North America, tomorrow in Europe [Update]
Bastion will arrive on PlayStation 4 today when the North American PS Store updates. The game will also release in Europe tomorrow.
You can listen to Transistor's full soundtrack on YouTube right now
One of Transistor's other great aspects, much like SuperGiant's other game, is its music. The studio has made all of the game's tracks available to listen to on both YouTube and BandCamp.
Transistor PS4 reviews are go - get all the scores in our round-up
Transistor reviews are appearing now, and as always we're collecting the scores as they drop. Does the next release from Bastion developer SuperGiant Games keep up the studio's high standards?
Transistor review: SuperGiant makes its stunning PS4 debut
Transistor developer SuperGiant Games had a hard act to follow with its previous release Bastion, but Dave Cook feels you have nothing to worry about.
Sultry singer Red and Transistor have four problems in this launch trailer
Transistor, the sci-fi themed action RPG from Supergiant Games, is out next week, so the developer thought it would great to post a release trailer. The video is narrated by Red's sword, Transistor, and talks about the four "problems" the two are facing. Problems being the four bad gits. It's out on PlayStation 4 May […]
Why Supergiant ditched publishers for the release of Transistor - interview
Transistor is the first self-published release from Bastion developer SuperGiant Games. Dave Cook speaks with Greg Kasavin about how it feels to go it alone, and gets fresh information on the game's bold art directon, compelling plot and tactical combat mechanics.
Transistor available for pre-order from today
Transistor, the sci-fi themed action RPG from Supergiant Games, is now available for pre-order. You can drop the cash early once the PlayStation Store updates today in North America and tomorrow in Europe. The game is slated for release on PS4 May 20 in North America and May 21 in Europe and will run you […]
Transistor release date announced for May
Transistor, the sci-fi themed action RPG from Supergiant Games, will be available on PlayStation 4 May 20 in North America and May 21 in Europe.
Transistor: Supergiant details how light bar on DualShock 4 is implemented in the game
Supergiant Games has detailed how DualShock 4 will be used in Transistor. According to a post from the developer on the PS Blog, the LED lights on the controller will flash in sync with the voiceover coming the Transistor in the game.
Transistor hands-on details gameplay, "dynamic narration," aesthetic elements
Transistor, the latest game from Bastion developers Supergiant Games, has containing top-down, isometric gameplay, with combat that initially plays like your standard action RPG.
Transistor video shows 15 minutes of PS4 gameplay
A 15 minute video of Supergiant Games's Transistor is posted below. The game is due in 2014 and will be released on PS4 and Steam. Thanks, EdNorton.
Bastion has sold over two million copies
SuperGiant Games has said Bastion has now sold over two million copies.
Supergiant Games's Transistor will debut on PS4
Supergiant Games's Transistor will have its console debut on PlayStation 4, Sony announced at its E3 conference. To celebrate, it showed us an incredible new trailer; the indie developer is definitely not suffering from second novel syndrome.
Bastion originally had co-op, was nuked pre-launch
Bastion developer Supergiant Games has revealed that it had tested co-op before the game launched, but that it decided to cut it at the eleventh hour.
Transistor only possible thanks to Bastion's success
Supergiant Games didn't expect to stick around for a second game, but thanks to the warm reception Bastion received, the gorgeous-looking Transistor is on the way. Hit the break to see the dungeon crawler in action.
Bastion on sale for whatever you care to pay
Supergiant's critically acclaimed dungeon crawler Bastion is on sale on Linux, Mac and PC in a pay-what-you-want deal at the Humble Bundle store. The offer is only valid for a week, so take advantage fast. Bastion has sold over 1.7 million copies and is also available on Xbox Live. Indie developer Supergiant announced its new […]
Transistor from Supergiant Games gets a reveal trailer
Transistor is the new title from Supergiant Games, and you can play an early build of it this week at PAX East. The reveal trailer and screens are below.
Bastion dev: ports should be better than their sources
Lazy, buggy, or even perfect ports aren't good enough, according to Supergiant Games co-founder Amir Rao.
Bastion has sold 1.7 million copies across all platforms
Supergiant Games founder Amir Rao announced during DICE 2013 that Bastion has sold 1.7 million copies across all platforms. Rao said 90% of sales occurred after launch month. Thanks, Joystiq.
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Supergiant Games latest
Pyre is the new game from Bastion and Transistor dev Supergiant
Bastion arrives on PS4 today in North America, tomorrow in Europe [Update]
You can listen to Transistor's full soundtrack on YouTube right now
Transistor PS4 reviews are go – get all the scores in our round-up
Sultry singer Red and Transistor have four problems in this launch trailer
Why Supergiant ditched publishers for the release of Transistor – interview
Transistor: Supergiant details how light bar on DualShock 4 is implemented in the game
Transistor hands-on details gameplay, "dynamic narration," aesthetic elements
Supergiant Games: DLC and in-game transactions make games less "atmospheric"
Supergiant sends US airman in Afghanistan a physical copy of Bastion
GDC 2012: Audio sessions announced for Bastion, Crysis 2, others


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"Jackson's Bill" is named for Jackson Altieri, who has been affected by a heart condition called dilated cardiomyopathy (try saying that five times fast, especially when you're a toddler) since he was an infant, and had to wait a year for a much-needed heart transplant, due to the lack of available organs suitable for a child. Frustrated by the endless waiting for the "Congratulations! Your son has won a heart!" phone call, Jackson's family was moved to develop legislation designed to improve the odds for would-be transplant recipients. Jackson's Bill proposes new strategies to increase pediatric organ donation, to establish more resources about pediatric organ donation in conjuncture with the New England Organ Bank, and to require organ-donor information on all license-registration renewals sent out by the Registry of Motor Vehicles.
"One of the things we learned as a family was that it's a long wait when you need an organ," says Fran Aliberte, Jackson's grandfather. "There aren't enough to go around. We came up with the idea to look at the Massachusetts organ-donation laws, and it turns out that they hadn't been revisited in a long time. The only time you're presented with an opportunity to donate is when you get your driver's license or renew it, so we're broadening the opportunities for people to sign up to be donors."
According to a statement released by State Senator Tarr, Massachusetts's organ-donor rates — currently around 39 percent of licensed Massachusetts drivers — are much lower than other states'.
"Massachusetts is at the top in education," says Aliberte. "We have the best hospitals. In terms of things that matter in life — research, medicine, education — Massachusetts is it. And yet, we're at the lower end of the middle when it comes to organ donation. It just doesn't make sense."
For more information on how to register yourself or your child as an organ donor, visit the New England Organ Bank Web site at neob.org.
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Financing Overview
Infiniti Financial Services® (IFS)[*] offers simple, flexible programs to help you acquire a new or qualified pre-owned Infiniti. Whether you're financing or leasing, IFS has attractive rates, easy terms, and the expertise to ensure a variety of financial options with services individually tailored for your convenience – a trademark of the Infiniti Total Ownership Experience®.
- For inquiries concerning
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IFS Customer Service
P.O. Box 660360
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M-F, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., CST
- For inquiries concerning your lease as it reaches maturity:
Lease Customer Service
M-F, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., CST
[1] Infiniti Financial Services is a division of Nissan Motor Acceptance Corporation. For leases, Infiniti Financial Services acts as servicer for Nissan-Infiniti LT. For ease of reference, we use the term "loan" on this web site to refer to conventional retail auto financing available from vehicle Retailers. IFS is not a direct lender and does not advance funds to car buyers for the purchase of a vehicle. IFS financing is available only at participating Infiniti Retailers. When you finance a vehicle at an Infiniti Retailer, you will enter into a retail installment contract with the Retailer. If IFS approves your credit application, your Retailer may elect to assign the retail installment contract to IFS.


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...could you please report back in several months on how your packages are doing?
I'm trying to gather any data (anecdotal is fine too) on package performance, particularly those coming from the South.
Thanks in advance...
...could you please report back in several months on how your packages are doing?
I'm trying to gather any data (anecdotal is fine too) on package performance, particularly those coming from the South.
Thanks in advance...
"...the most populous colonies ...are provided by queens ...in the year following their birth." Brother Adam
Jeez... can't believe this is not flooded with posts.
Here's soime anecdotal evidence. Package came with queen shaken in... queen in cage was found dead in the cage (what a waste). Laid up 2-3 frames nicely but now less than one month out, queenie is gone and the hive is superceding, estimnated this started about 10 days after install.
Woops just saw you only want to hear from newbees.
Last edited by winevines; 04-17-2011 at 11:01 AM.
Not a first year beek but I do have packages coming. From what I've been hearing, a lot of the packages being shipped to the north are delayed. The 20 I'm waiting for are a week behind & my daughter in NY was told two weeks.
not new but am waiting on 4 packages, the pick up date it started out as 4/16, now moved uptil the 4/30 in weekly moves, will problably pick them up in the middle of may if like other years.
still waiting for our packages.
We were told they are delayed two weeks out of NoCal.
Greetings and Happy Springtime All,
I posted this yest as its own thread.
This is my 3rd spring. 1st yr I started with 2 full hives, did well, but got beared badly at first snow. He came back almost every night for 2 weeks, pretty much until he had eaten/destroyed almost everything. 2nd yr tried again with 2 nucs. Got my first honey, but hives swarmed late and never recouped.
I got 2 packages about 14 days ago, 1st time with packages. Picked up the packages and set them inside deeps w/ frames overnight (16 hours) Next day, install day, was not warn, but was sunny.
"A" queen's cage screen was loose and she crawled right out and down into the frames during install. Brood production has been very weak, only 2 sides with small (7"x4") clusters. One frame of brood had 4-6 supercedure cells with larvae inside, more being built. Queen is still there, just verified.
"B" queen had to be released after a week. Her brood production is also weak, and some, but not as many peanuts are being built. Again, queen in hive.
Of the 14 days since install, only 4 or 5 have been above 50F, and most have been cloudy/windy/rainy.
Should I be concerned about weak brood production and thinking new queens, or is this more a function of weather?
Thanks for any advice
Last year I installed two packages from gardners in mid may. The one package was superceded in july that set the hive back substantially. Never finished out the 5th medium. THe other was installed in a top bar hive - seemed to do ok but once the queen stopped laying in late fall, brood rearing never resumed.
Both of these hives died overwinter literally right next to stores of honey. The USDA lab looked at the bees and they had very high mite loads.
This year I have started with 6 packages from koehnen's in california - 3 cordovan italian and 3 carniolan. THe packages were delivered on time for starters. I let the packages spend about 60 hours together with the new queens. I have not been able to open all hives due to weather, but I have inspected 1 of each. Both queens were filling medium frames with eggs with a good solid laying pattern on inspection. The others have been bringing in heavy loads of pollen.
I must say I have been happier with the koehnens bee packages. The bees are more active, no drones are present like from gardners (probably was about 1/4 drones)
Their bees are more defensive than gardners, and i have got a few more stings, but i see the benefit of this behaviour as they were actively guarding the entrance against flys and ants that were trying to gain entrance. I did not notice the gardners bees doing this.
I got my first pkg of bees yesterday, and put them in a new Lang hive at 6pm. The italian queen walked around in the cage before I put her cage in the hive. There are some drones in the pkg, and a few dead at the bottom. It was cold yesterday, and today is sunny around 60s. There was no activity be the entrance...maybe still too early to tell?
My BeeWeaver package was installed yesterday (on drawn comb and a couple of foundation frames) -- no problems, only about 10% dead bees in box, active queen, girls took about 1 1/2 quarts of syrup yesterday and were fed again today. Activity around entrance and nearby, but they haven't gone far yet -- I'll let you know how it goes. Nucs are going to be a bit later than I expected, but that's because I ordered them late ... al-in-all, looks like a good season.
Last year we installed 3 California packages. 2 from nobel apiaries, & 1 from Oliverez. All 3 original queens where still in the hives in the spring.
One still is. The other 2 swarmed in the last few weeks. All 3 produced about #100 pounds of honey each last year.
i installed my packages friday they where bringing in pollen today. I put some brood in my hives with them. i looked in hive the queen is still in the cage they are working on the candy. they came from gardners. the queens are smaller than my queens, not long and fat the way i like them. I would rather have nucs but i hope the brood and drawn frames help them
For me, so far so good.
I tend to be a little anal retentive and a bit particular and I tend to over engineer things sometimes.
After reading these forums, looking at the suppliers, and drawing some of my own conclusions, I am well off and under way.
It has been 30 years since I kept bees with my father, now I am into it again.
I ended up deciding to start with 7 hives (when I do something, I tend to dive into it pretty heavy.
I chose cyprus screened bottoms from Kelley's, then painted them white. I really liked their design the best, with the ramped front landing board and the removable screen and bottom board. On top of that went a Mann Lake 10 frame deep with wood frames and the plastic coated foundation. On top of that went a top board. Sitting on top of the top board was a 4 - 1 quart feeder assembly from Kellys, in which I installed only 2 of the quarts to allow top ventilation. My initial feed mix is 5 cups of sugar with 4 cups of water, to make the syrup a little heavy at first to control mold growth. Covering that are wooden deeps from Mann Lake that I painted light gray to distinguish them from regular brood boxes, and to help keep that section warm if feed is needed in colder months. On top of those, I have a screened top boards from Dadant, and a Mann Lake telescoping cover held down with an 18" 4x4 resting on top. All hives are set up on 4 x 4 stands at 16" - 18" off the ground.
On 4/4, I received my first package of Russians from Kelley's. On 4/11, I received my second package of Russians from Kelley's. Tomorrow, I drive to Dadant's to pick up 5 packages of Italians.
Today I did a hive inspection. Hive A from the 4th has 3 1/2 frames pretty much built out with 2 whole sides capped. Larva was seen in numerous cells. Looks like the queen in A (which I call Natasha and her minions) is pretty much kicking butt. In hive B, frames are developing well also (Sasha and her crew). Almost no burr comb was found in either hive. All data was recorded in my bee log, which I hear is rather handy to have when keeping multiple hives.
I recently drug a bench over near the hives just to sit and watch them. They are so relaxing just to watch.
With that said, I currently have no issues with the packages and the installations. I highly recommend then for the new beek...it is good to see things happen from the ground up. So far, I have found the Russians to be very gentle, and I have not had to use a smoker to do my inspections.
Hope this helps the newbies. Note my hive parts list, others may find it very useful.
I installed two packages last Saturday. Queen was relaesed in both, comb building noticed in both, taking syrup well. Pretty bad/cold weather. Lots of hugging, and cuddling (the bees too!)
First year beekeeping for me, I started with three 3 pound packages. two of the three hives keep trying to supercedure like mad. I finally gave up and let them go ahead with it. So far I have 6 frames drawn out in each 8 frame box. hope this is what you were looking for.
"It's better to die upon your feet than to live upon your knees!" Zapata