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Horse fights, rafting adventures and mulled wine
Trip Start Aug 09, 2009
29Trip End Oct 28, 2009
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Where I stayed
Pension Na Ostrove
We had to catch two trains to Cesky Bodejovice and change trains there to our train to Cesky Krumlov.
We had about an hour to kill before our Cesky Krumlov train so of course we found the nearest pub and went for a beer. We got a 500ml pint each for 1 euro!! We knew we were going to like Czech Republic then and there!
We finished our beers and went over the road to explore a shopping centre
Back at the station we found our platform and waited for our train. There were two tiny little old carriages on the track at the very end of our platform and I thought to myself 'I hope they are going to move those little carriages before our train comes'.
Well, it got to within five minutes of when our train was supposed to arrive and these little tiny carriages were still sitting there. They looked like fat versions of the old Glenelg trams. I started to worry that a) these might actually be the train we were supposed to board, or that b) we were at the wrong platform. All of the announcements were in Czech or really bad English and we couldn't understand them, so I assumed the latter would most likely be true.
I approached the station guard and asked him where to get the train to Cesky Krumlov and he pointed at his feet and said something in Czech
Witek's face expressed the same disbelief as my exclamation when I told him, I've rarely seen his eyebrows go so high! We couldn't help but laugh though. Our train from Vienna was this modern beautiful German train with LCD screens displaying information and comfortable seats, now here we were on a Czech train that looked like it needed to be wound up before it could go anywhere! There wasn't even an engine carriage! Just two little carriages that drive themselves! It even had bench seats!
Somehow this train managed to get us there though, and once we arrived I realised that once again I had forgotten to look up how to get to our accommodation. I had looked at the map and thought that Cesky Krumlov wasn't that big and we were on a little island, so it wouldn't be too hard to find. Was I wrong? Yep!
At the train station there were no signs directing us to a bus to town or anything so we snaffled the small (like a TV Guide size) Yellow Pages we found there so we could look up the address of our accommodation. We approached the bus driver we found out the front and showed him the address, expecting him to nod knowingly and invite us on to his bus. No such luck. He shrugged his shoulders and looked at us quizzically.
There was a map of Cesky Krumlov on the signpost near the bus stop so we examined it and found the street of our hotel. We then found the nearest bus station to there and asked to bus driver if he went there.
This time we had success! He nodded and we boarded the bus to town. One of the locals kindly pointed out to us when we needed to get off.
It was then off through the old town to find our hotel. We found the area pretty quickly and only had to ask for directions once so that was pretty good.
Unfortunately when we arrived at the hotel there was no one there! There were some guests out the front who all knew each other, all in probably their 50's and holidaying in Europe together. They were from the UK, New Zealand and Australia so it was nice to have people to speak English to! They were a very lively bunch full of jokes and quick to laugh.
They told us that they had arrived at about the same time as us the night before and had no problems
Fortunately I rang the number on the door and after breaking through the language barrier she said she would fix it and to call back in ten minutes. I didn't have to, after about eight minutes a guy arrived with some keys to let us in and get us organised.
Our room was really lovely, it was actually more of an apartment. There was a separate bathroom, living area and kitchen and the bedroom, all of which were quite spacious. We liked! We were in a great location too, right in the heart of the old town and right next to the river.
With our room we received 20% discount vouchers for five different restaurants in Cesky Krumlov, so we decided to check them out. The first one was closed and the next three we looked at all seemed pretty similar with the same Czech menus, but the fifth one was different. They had an open flame grill in the middle of the restaurant and a real medieval feel to it. We liked it and found a table.
We ordered a soup each and the mixed grill for two and we were fascinated to watch this guy work the grill. He had so much meat on there at the same time I am not sure how he kept track of it all!! The waiter was working just as hard, there was only one of him and the place was packed!
The food was fantastic and the mulled wine just as good. As per usual we had ordered much more food than we needed, but we got through it anyway as it was so yummy! We ran into our neighbours there too and had a bit of a chat, they were happy to hear that we had gotten in to our room.
We had a short wander around town after dinner before going back to our room for a quiet night relaxing.
Day 2 – Tuesday October 6th – We had a little sleep in today but we were up in time to catch the end of breakfast at 10am.
Our first stop for the day was the tourist information office where we grabbed some brochures outlining what we could see and do in Cesky Krumlov
We got some brochures on raft trips, horse riding and a few other bibs and bobs and ventured off to visit the tour operators. Only one of them was open so we organised with them to do horse riding and rafting the following day.
Today we decided to see the castle and the town in general so we headed over to check out the castle.
The castle is huge and perched atop a hill in the old town overlooking the whole of Cesky Krumlov. You can see it from almost anywhere in the old town and we actually had a nice view from our hotel room too.
We climbed the sloped path to the castle entrance and came to a bridge where we found a few people looking over either side of it at something that obviously seemed quite interesting
We walked up to have a look ourselves and we very surprised to discover that under the bridge to the castle was a large enclosure housing three brown bears! We couldn't believe it, it seemed so random!
They were very cute though and we spent a while watching them lumber about and watching people's reactions when they discovered them too. We weren't the only ones who were surprised!
We went and checked out the tours and prices for the castle and decided on two tours we wanted to do, but when we got to the counter to ask about tickets they said they were only doing one a day and not for another 3 hours! We decided to skip it and just have a walk around the outside gardens and courtyards, those seemed big enough on their own!
There were some beautiful views of the old town from the castle to enjoy and we gradually made our way around the whole place. One of our favourite spots was the castle pond at the very back of the property. We pulled up a piece of grass there and sat for about an hour just chatting and enjoying the peace and quiet….
On our way out of the castle we found an art gallery they had set up to display the work of a local artist, so we went in to have a look. It was a bit weird, he had created all these alien like sculptures and made furniture and stuff out of giant fingers. I didn't like it, it was actually quite disturbing. The strange part was that when you go in you read his short biography and he sounds quite normal, doesn't match the artwork at all!
Of course I was hungry by now and Witek wasn't, but we are getting used to that! I wanted to check out a vegetarian restaurant that I had read about so we wandered over there to take a look.
On the way we came across a wine shop selling local wine, obviously I wanted to have a look! They had some really beautiful glassware and I really wanted to buy some, but it was so expensive! A set of six small shot glasses alone was 100 euro! Bit much for my liking, I was too scared to ask how much the wine glasses were after hearing that!
We did try some of the wine and it turned out to actually be Italian, I'm not sure why we thought it was from Czech. We did learn later that Czech Republic have several wine regions but unfortunately this shop didn't have any wine from there.
It was quite cute actually, we asked to try it and she poured us each a glass and then pulled up a couple of seats for us to sit right in the middle of the shop
We found the vegetarian restaurant after this and unfortunately it was closed, but next door was another restaurant that I had also read really good things about so we went to check it out.
It was set up in kind of a medieval fashion and it turned out that everything was made out of recycled materials, mostly from medieval buildings that had been demolished or restored. There were tables and bench seats outside right on the river so we decided to sit there and enjoy the view.
They had their own vegetarian menu and we decided on the medieval vegetarian platter for two, which had dishes made of things like buckwheat, millet and barley. I never thought I would do anything with those things past feeding them to our budgie, but here I was about to eat them!
We also got some hot mead or mulled wine which was amazing. It became a favourite drink of ours in Czech Republic and it is very easy to come across.
The food came out and we tucked in. Witek really enjoyed it but I was a bit so-so. I think it needed more something……flavour! That's it! It actually did taste a bit like something I would give my budgie. No, that is a bit unfair, there were a couple of things on the platter I really liked, probably half was good and half was budgie food. But as an example of middle-ages food I guess we had to expect that!
We went for a wander around town after this, in and out of shops and just exploring in general. We found an English bookshop which was great! Both of us were out of reading material (yes, I do blog most of the time, but the batteries of this thing do run out sometimes) so it was perfect timing.
It was back to our room after this to just chill out for a while. It's good to have nights like that because all the sightseeing and running around can get a bit much. We got takeaway and enjoyed some wine and watched some TV. We were tired and we were both asleep pretty early that night. It was nice!
Day 3 – Wednesday October 7th – Had such a great sleep! We were woken by the alarm at about 8:30am as we had to meet the tour for the horse riding at 9:45am.
Dressed and breakfasted we walked over to the tour office and got in the van to take us to the horse riding. We picked up three more people on the way who were from an Asian country but I'm not sure which. They didn't speak English so there wasn't much to talk about!
At the horse riding stables the guy with the van just dropped us and left. We had paid the tour company a deposit but had to pay the balance to the stables. This is where we had problems.
I went to pay the remaining balance of our bill to the guy and he wanted 200 more Czech kron than I had expected (ok, it's only about 8 euro but that's not the point!). The horse riding was 600 and I had paid the guy at the shop 240 and this guy still wanted 560 from me! He didn't speak a word of English so I must admit I kind of lost my cool a little bit. He kept saying yes, I kept saying no and we continued to bang our heads against the wall until he called the shop and put me on to the guy there
It turned out that there was a 100 kron transfer charge each for Witek and I, but this wasn't mentioned, nor was it clear on the invoice. I got angry at the guy over the phone but he either pretended he couldn't understand me, or he really couldn't, I'm not sure. But either way I was getting nowhere so I let it go. I just thought it should maybe have been mentioned!
I was very embarrassed to have to go back to the guy at the stable and admit I was wrong, so this made it even worse, especially since I couldn't explain to him what had happened. He was quite good about it though.
Anyway, out to get on the horses now! We got our helmets (as usual I had immense trouble finding one to fit my big head) and went outside to wait for our horses. The stable guy actually helped me and laughed with me at my difficulty in finding a helmet big enough for my head, so I assumed there were no hard feelings over the money dispute!
They led a horse over to us one by one and we climbed on.
They put Witek on a horse, gave it a pat and said 'Wendy', then same with me but it was 'Bonza'. Oh well, off we go then! I was glad that this wasn't our first time or I might have been freaked out a bit!
Of course the horses are all old and know where they need to go so you don't need to steer or anything. This doesn't stop them from wandering off the path to nibble on some grass, or walking you into an overhanging branch!
At one stage the horse behind me tried to pass me and my mate Bonza, and Bonza sped up a bit to try and stay in front. This other horse went a bit mad and actually launched himself onto us, with teeth out and everything!! I pulled Bonza back because I think he wanted to have a go too, but I patted him and told him it wasn't worth it.
Everybody in the group turned around to look when this happened and looked a bit shocked, but the girl who was leading us barely even batted an eyelid! So funny!
A few times on the way back Bonza tried to get in front when this other horse stopped, but I pulled him back
It was a really nice morning out though, despite the fisticuffs and the multiple bruises from the overhanging branches! We enjoyed some really nice views of the town and the surrounding countryside and even saw some deer.
Back in town we went and organised the details of our raft trip in the afternoon and went and got some lunch.
This time the vegetarian restaurant was open so we had a quick lunch there. This food was awesome, we had vegetarian burritos and it was so yummy! We then jumped next door to the restaurant from the day before for a quick mug of mead seeing as the vego place didn't have any and then went to go rafting!
They picked us up in a van and took us to the rafting spot after a quick stop to pick up the raft. It was really more like a big kayak but whatever.
When we got to the departure spot he dropped us off with the raft, a paddle and a waterproof container to put our belongings in, then realised he had forgotten a paddle
We were left to wait while watching a couple return from a trip they had obviously just finished, and she was not happy! They pulled up to the bank and the girl stormed up the side yelling that she had enough and was flying home! I'm not sure where they were from, either England or Australia, but it was pretty funny! She was furious, and she was wet, so I assume they must have tipped over or something. He was standing there yelling 'what about the boat?' but she just kept walking and he eventually ran after her. Not sure what became of them or the boat!
Anyway, our guy came back with the other paddle and I waited for him to stop and give us some instruction, but no, he just dumped the paddle then tore off down the road leaving us to work it out ourselves. Shouldn't have been surprised after the horses I suppose!
We worked out how to get in and get the boat on the water and we were on our way. We did all right I think because of the couple of times we have been white water rafting. We had picked up at least how to steer and stuff, but very basically
It was actually quite easy and the water was really shallow so I wasn't too worried about falling in. At least we would only get wet up to our knees!
About half hour in Witek wanted to pull over as nature was calling. It was for me too but I have never taken a squat in my life and didn't plan on doing so now! However, the prospect of 'holding it' for another two and a half hours wasn't very exciting. There was no one around and we were in the middle of nowhere, so I am proud to announce that I finally took my first 'squat' at the ripe old age of thirty!
We were having fun with the rafting and we were actually rowing towards the 'rougher' parts of the river just to add some excitement. These rough parts would not have even rated a 1 on the white water scale though so it wasn't too exhilarating, more of a laugh really!
About halfway through our trip my shoulder started to play up so Witek very nicely took over the paddling duties and I stuck to helping him steer
I helped him when I could but for most of the second half of our journey he did the paddling. He is such a good husband!
We had been told to watch out for a bridge followed by one rapid and then we were to stop at the campsite after the rapid. Here we would call them and they would come and collect us.
We found the bridge and afterwards the water got a bit choppy so we wondered if this might be the stop. We started looking for the campsite but couldn't see it anywhere.
Then we saw the real rapid. It wasn't a rapid in the traditional sense, it was actually more like a dam of some kind. There was a long stretch in the middle then a small ramp on the side with water rushing down it. We decided the small ramp looked safest as we would at least stay facing the front that way seeing as our raft would only just fit down it.
We crossed our fingers and rowed towards it, it was a bit scary as you couldn't see the other side of it so we didn't know what we were riding into!
Remembering our white water rafting we just ducked down and held on as we went through it and hoped for the best! At the bottom there was a dip and our raft went into it. We struggled to keep the boat upright but managed, despite getting covered with water anyway! Then we had to try and control the boat again, but the water was rushing so fast it was almost impossible! We actually floated into a guy fly fishing in the river and I apologised profusely as I pushed off of his shoulder and down the river!
Here we thought we were supposed to stop as it looked like some kind of campsite to us. The water was still rushing though and we couldn't get the boat under control! There was no boat ramp so we would manage to get it to the side of the river but we couldn't manage to get a hold of anything and get ourselves up! We just hit the bank then would spin off and away again! It was so funny!
We gave up after three or four attempts and decided to just float down to a calmer spot and get them to pick us up from wherever we ended up
Around the corner we actually found the correct spot, and it was very calm with a boat ramp and everything. Lucky! There was another group of people waiting there who must have started just before us so we knew it was the right place.
We guided the boat over to the ramp with ease and got ourselves and the container out and the boat parked. Yay!
The other group of people had already called for a pick up so all we had to do was wait for the van. We got chatting and they were Aussie and were doing a similar trip to us, so we had some stories to share!
We were drenched but these guys had somehow managed to stay dry! They had a big raft so I guess that would have made a difference.
On the way back to our accommodation we spotted a bridge that we hadn't seen before so we got dropped off there to admire the view and take some piccies. It was reall gorgeous and a fun walk back to our hotel, which fortunately wasn't too far away at all
We were wet and cold by the time we got dropped off, so we had showers and once again got take away for dinner. This time we also got some mead to take away from our favourite restaurant, yum!
Day 4 – Thursday October 8th – We intended on catching the early train this morning but the sleep in was just too tempting! This gave us a bit of time between breakfast and catching our train so we decided to get some bread from the bakery and feed the ducks! We had seen people doing this the whole time but had yet to indulge.
Bread in hand we found a spot where there were ducks perched on a little island in the middle of the river. Unfortunately it was a particularly windy day and the river was flowing quite quickly, so the ducks were hesitant to take a leap and go for our bred. I guess the prospect of being swept kilometres down the river didn't appeal to them.
We found another spot upstream from these same ducks which was actually right out the front of our hotel. It was a bit more sheltered but only in a patch about 2 metres squared, so it was still a risk for these ducks! They took it though and we successfully fed them most of our bread. As soon as we finished a huge lorry came barrelling down the hill behind us and into the water, scattering the ducks completely. Good timing I guess? Poor loves! Ah well, it was time to get our train anyway.


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[quote user="andyeyebrows"][quote user="gibril28wilson"]
some computer class- it like gets you started with like microsoft accel
and all that, western civilizations, calc, composition- english writing
class, some class called like college life-its liek a half semester
course helping you get used to college, and this class called health
through activitites- its a 3 credit class where like half the class is
lecture and half the class is like stretching and all that...
that sounds pretty good. what college you gonna be attending?
Oneonta State College. it's upstate New York

subset: commoncrawl


text:
FDA Approves Brisdelle for Hot Flashes Due to Menopause »
"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Brisdelle (paroxetine)to treat moderate to severe hot flashes (vasomotor symptoms) associated with menopause. Brisdelle, which contains the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine mes"...
Read the FDA Approves Brisdelle for Hot Flashes Due to Menopause article »
See Boxed Warnings
Cardiovascular disorders
Estrogen and estrogen/progestin therapy have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, as well as venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (venous thromboembolism or VTE). Should any of these occur or be suspected, estrogens should be discontinued immediately.
Risk factors for arterial vascular disease (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity) and/or venous thromboembolism (e.g., personal history or family history of VTE, obesity, and systemic lupus erythematosus) should be managed appropriately.
Coronary heart disease and stroke
In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, an increase in the number of myocardial infarctions and strokes has been observed in women receiving CE compared to placebo. These observations are preliminary, and the study is continuing. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies.)
In the CE/MPA substudy of WHI, an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) events (defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction and CHD death) was observed in women receiving CE/MPA compared to women receiving placebo (37 vs. 30 per 10,000 women-years). The increase in risk was observed in year one and persisted.
In the same substudy of WHI, an increased risk of stroke was observed in women receiving CE/MPA compared to women receiving placebo (29 vs. 21 per 10,000 women-years). The increase in risk was observed after the first year and persisted.
In postmenopausal women with documented heart disease (n = 2,763, average age 66.7 years) a controlled clinical trial of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study; HERS) treatment with CE/MPA (0.625 mg/2.5 mg per day) demonstrated no cardiovascular benefit. During an average follow-up of 4.1 years, treatment with CE/MPA did not reduce the overall rate of CHD events in postmenopausal women with established coronary heart disease. There were more CHD events in the CE/MPA-treated group than in the placebo group in year 1, but not during the subsequent years. Two thousand three hundred and twenty one women from the original HERS trial agreed to participate in an open-label extension of HERS, HERS II. Average follow-up in HERS II was an additional 2.7 years, for a total of 6.8 years overall. Rates of CHD events were comparable among women in the CE/MPA group and the placebo group in HERS, HERS II, and overall.
Large doses of estrogen (5 mg conjugated estrogens per day), comparable to those used to treat cancer of the prostate and breast, have been shown in a large prospective clinical trial in men to increase the risks of nonfatal myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and thrombophlebitis.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE)
In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, in women receiving CE compared to placebo, the risk of VTE (including both DVT and PE) was increased 33% (28 vs. 21 per 10,000 person-years) although only the increased rate of DVT reached statistical significance (p = 0.03). (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies.)
In the CE/MPA treatment substudy of WHI, a 2-fold greater rate of VTE, including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, was observed in women receiving treatment with CE/MPA compared to women receiving placebo. The rate of VTE was 34 per 10,000 woman-years in the CE/MPA group compared to 16 per 10,000 woman-years in the placebo group. The increase in VTE risk was observed during the first year and persisted.
If feasible, estrogens should be discontinued at least 4 to 6 weeks before surgery of the type associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, or during periods of prolonged immobilization.
Malignant neoplasms
Endometrial cancer
The use of unopposed estrogens in women with intact uteri has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. The reported endometrial cancer risk among unopposed estrogen users was about 2-to-12-fold greater than in non-users, and appears dependent on duration of treatment and on estrogen dose. Most studies show no significant increased risk associated with use of estrogens for less than one year. The greatest risk appears associated with prolonged use, with increased risks of 15-to-24-fold for five to ten years or more and this risk has been shown to persist for at least 8 to 15 years after estrogen therapy is discontinued.
Clinical surveillance of all women taking estrogen/progestin combinations is important. Adequate diagnostic measures, including endometrial sampling when indicated, should be undertaken to rule out malignancy in all cases of undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal vaginal bleeding. There is no evidence that the use of natural estrogens results in a different endometrial risk profile than synthetic estrogens of equivalent estrogen dose. Adding a progestin to estrogen therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, which may be a precursor to endometrial cancer.
Breast cancer
The use of estrogens and progestins by postmenopausal women has been reported to increase the risk of breast cancer. The most important randomized clinical trial providing information about this issue is the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) substudy of CE/MPA (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies). The results from observational studies are generally consistent with those of the WHI clinical trial and report no significant variation in the risk of breast cancer among different estrogens or progestins, doses, or routes of administration.
The CE/MPA substudy of WHI reported an increased risk of breast cancer in women who took CE/MPA for a mean follow-up of 5.6 years. Observational studies have also reported an increased risk for estrogen/progestin combination therapy, and a smaller increased risk for estrogen-alone therapy, after several years of use. In the WHI trial and from observational studies, the excess risk increased with duration of use. From observational studies, the risk appeared to return to baseline in about five years after stopping treatment. In addition, observational studies suggest that the risk of breast cancer was greater, and became apparent earlier, with estrogen/progestin combination therapy as compared to estrogen-alone therapy.
In the CE/MPA substudy, 26% of the women reported prior use of estrogen alone and/or estrogen/progestin combination hormone therapy. After a mean follow-up of 5.6 years during the clinical trial, the overall relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.24 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.54), and the overall absolute risk was 41 vs. 33 cases per 10,000 women-years, for CE/MPA compared with placebo. Among women who reported prior use of hormone therapy, the relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.86, and the absolute risk was 46 vs. 25 cases per 10,000 women-years, for CE/MPA compared with placebo. Among women who reported no prior use of hormone therapy, the relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.09, and the absolute risk was 40 vs. 36 cases per 10,000 women-years for CE/MPA compared with placebo. In the same substudy, invasive breast cancers were larger and diagnosed at a more advanced stage in the CE/MPA group compared with the placebo group. Metastatic disease was rare with no apparent difference between the two groups. Other prognostic factors such as histologic subtype, grade and hormone receptor status did not differ between groups.
The use of estrogen plus progestin has been reported to result in an increase in abnormal mammograms requiring further evaluation. All women should receive yearly breast examinations by a healthcare provider and perform monthly breast self-examinations. In addition, mammography examinations should be scheduled based on patient age, risk factors, and prior mammogram results.
In the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS), 4,532 generally healthy postmenopausal women 65 years of age and older were studied, of whom 35% were 70 to 74 years of age and 18% were 75 or older. After an average follow-up of 4 years, 40 women being treated with CE/MPA (1.8%, n= 2,229) and 21 women in the placebo group (0.9%, n= 2,303) received diagnoses of probable dementia. The relative risk for CE/MPA versus placebo was 2.05 (95% confidence interval 1.21 – 3.48), and was similar for women with and without histories of menopausal hormone use before WHIMS. The absolute risk of probable dementia for CE/MPA versus placebo was 45 versus 22 cases per 10,000 women-years. It is unknown whether these findings apply to younger postmenopausal women. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies and PRECAUTIONS, Geriatric Use.)
Gallbladder disease
A 2- to 4-fold increase in the risk of gallbladder disease requiring surgery in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen has been reported.
Estrogen administration may lead to severe hypercalcemia in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases. If hypercalcemia occurs, use of the drug should be stopped and appropriate measures taken to reduce the serum calcium level.
Visual abnormalities
Retinal vascular thrombosis has been reported in patients receiving estrogens. Discontinue medication pending examination if there is sudden partial or complete loss of vision, or a sudden onset of proptosis, diplopia, or migraine. If examination reveals papilledema or retinal vascular lesions, estrogens should be permanently discontinued.
Addition of progestin when a woman has not had a hysterectomy
Studies of the addition of a progestin for 10 or more days of a cycle of estrogen administration, or daily with estrogen in a continuous regimen, have reported a lowered incidence of endometrial hyperplasia than would be induced by estrogen treatment alone. Endometrial hyperplasia may be a precursor to endometrial cancer.
There are, however, possible risks that may be associated with the use of progestins with estrogens compared to estrogen-alone regimens. These include a possible increased risk of breast cancer, adverse effects on lipoprotein metabolism (e.g., lowering HDL, raising LDL) and impairment of glucose tolerance.
Elevated blood pressure
In a small number of case reports, substantial increases in blood pressure have been attributed to idiosyncratic reactions to estrogens. In a large, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, a generalized effect of estrogens on blood pressure was not seen. Blood pressure should be monitored at regular intervals with estrogen use.
In patients with pre-existing hypertriglyceridemia, estrogen therapy may be associated with elevations of plasma triglycerides leading to pancreatitis and other complications.
Impaired liver function and past history of cholestatic jaundice
Estrogens may be poorly metabolized in patients with impaired liver function. For patients with a history of cholestatic jaundice associated with past estrogen use or with pregnancy, caution should be exercised and in the case of recurrence, medication should be discontinued.
Estrogen administration leads to increased thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) levels. Patients with normal thyroid function can compensate for the increased TBG by making more thyroid hormone, thus maintaining free T4 and T3 serum concentrations in the normal range. Patients dependent on thyroid hormone replacement therapy who are also receiving estrogens may require increased doses of their thyroid replacement therapy. These patients should have their thyroid function monitored in order to maintain their free thyroid hormone levels in an acceptable range.
Fluid retention
Because estrogens may cause some degree of fluid retention, patients with conditions that might be influenced by this factor, such as a cardiac or renal dysfunction, require careful observation when estrogens are prescribed.
Estrogens should be used with caution in individuals with severe hypocalcemia.
Ovarian cancer
The CE/MPA substudy of WHI reported that estrogen plus progestin increased the risk of ovarian cancer. After an average follow-up of 5.6 years, the relative risk for ovarian cancer for CE/MPA versus placebo was 1.58 (95% confidence interval 0.77 – 3.24) but was not statistically significant. The absolute risk for CE/MPA versus placebo was 20 versus 12 cases per 10,000 women-years. In some epidemiologic studies, the use of estrogen alone, in particular for ten or more years, has been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Other epidemiologic studies have not found these associations.
Exacerbation of endometriosis
Endometriosis may be exacerbated with administration of estrogens. A few cases of malignant transformation of residual endometrial implants have been reported in women treated post-hysterectomy with estrogen-alone therapy. For patients known to have residual endometriosis post-hysterectomy, the addition of progestin should be considered.
Exacerbation of other conditions
Estrogens may cause an exacerbation of asthma, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, migraine or porphyria, systemic lupus erythematosus, and hepatic hemangiomas and should be used with caution in women with these conditions.
Patient Information
Physicians are advised to discuss the PATIENT INFORMATION leaflet with patients for whom they prescribe DEPO-Estradiol (estradiol cypionate injection) .
Laboratory Tests
Estrogen administration should be initiated at the lowest dose for the approved indication and then guided by clinical response, rather than by serum hormone levels (e.g., estradiol, FSH).
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Long-term continuous administration of natural and synthetic estrogens in certain animal species increases the frequency of carcinomas of the breast, uterus, cervix, vagina, testis, and liver. (See Boxed Warnings, WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS.)
DEPO-Estradiol should not be used during pregnancy. See CONTRAINDICATIONS and Boxed Warnings.
Nursing Mothers
Estrogen administration to nursing mothers has been shown to decrease the quantity and quality of the milk. Detectable amounts of estrogens have been identified in the milk of mothers receiving this drug. Caution should be exercised when DEPO-Estradiol (estradiol cypionate injection) is administered to a nursing woman.
Geriatric Use
In the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, including 4,532 women 65 years of age and older, followed for an average of 4 years, 82% (n= 3,729) were 65 to 74 while 18% (n= 803) were 75 and over. Most women (80%) had no prior hormone therapy use. Women treated with conjugated estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate were reported to have a two-fold increase in the risk of developing probable dementia. Alzheimer's disease was the most common classification of probable dementia in both the conjugated estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate group and the placebo group. Ninety percent of the cases of probable dementia occurred in the 54% of women that were older than 70. (See WARNINGS, Dementia.)This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Last reviewed on RxList: 12/15/2016
Depo-Estradiol FDA Prescribing Information
Additional Depo-Estradiol Information
Depo-Estradiol - User Reviews
Depo-Estradiol User Reviews
Now you can gain knowledge and insight about a drug treatment with Patient Discussions.
Here is a collection of user reviews for the medication Depo-Estradiol sorted by most helpful.
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Women's Health
Find out what women really need.


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Antilles Candelier
- Overview
A candlelit interpretation of a graceful chandelier, our wall-mount candleholder lends a dramatic glow. It's carefully crafted by hand from sturdy wrought iron.
- 14" diameter, 22" high
- Made of iron with a blackened finish.
- Holds four taper candles.
- Mounting hardware is included.
- Catalog / Internet only.
- Dimensions & Care
- See-through keyholes for mounting.
- Includes anchors and screws.
- Wipe with a soft, dry cloth.
- Shipping & Return Info
UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 4-5 business days.
Next Day Delivery and Processing
We can arrange for next day delivery to most destinations within the contiguous 48 states, for an extra charge of $17.50 per address. If we receive your order by 6pm PT Monday through Friday, you'll receive your order the next business day; orders placed on Friday after 6pm PT through Sunday will arrive on Tuesday. Note: Next Day Delivery service is not available for some oversized items, White Glove Delivery, out of stock items, personalized items or for items shipped directly from the manufacturer.
Select oversized items have an additional delivery and processing surcharge; this charge is listed below the item price.
View the complete Shipping and Delivery Information page.
We take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of each and every Pottery Barn product and we hope you love your purchase. If for any reason you do not, you have 30 days – or 7 days for all Quick Ship upholstery items – to return your purchase for a full refund or exchange. You can return most non-furniture items to your local Pottery Barn store – FREE.
Delivery fees are non-refundable and prior purchases are not eligible for a price adjustment. The following items are non-eligible for returns or exchanges:
- Monogrammed items
- Mattresses
- Gift cards
- Special-order items (including made-to-order upholstery and custom order rugs)
- Final Sale items (identified by a price ending in $.X7 or $.X9)
- Items damaged through normal wear and tear.
Questions? See our full Returns Policy.


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San Diego is one of the best places to live in the world. It has beautiful weather year-round and is great for many different lifestyles. When considering purchasing San Diego real estate you can choose from many unique communities throughout San Diego County.
North County Coastal offers homes and condos near or on the beach in the following cities or neighborhoods: Del Mar for the beach and horse enthusiast, Carmel Valley, Rancho Santa Fe if you are interested in being by a golf courses and country clubs, Solana Beach by Del Mar, and up the coast you have Cardiff-By-The-Sea, Encinitas, Carlsbad and Oceanside. Leucadia, La Costa and San Elijo Hills are nice places to call home as well.
North County Inland offers houses and condominiums in some pretty nice communities like Santaluz, Carmel Mt Ranch, 4S Ranch, Rancho Bernardo, Rancho Penasquitos, Torrey Highlands, Scripps Ranch and Mira Mesa. A little further inland you can call Vista, San Marcos, Ramona, Escondido, and Poway home. - 92126
San Diego Coastal is in the heart of San Diego itself. It has several beach communities to choose from. La Jolla is known for its beautiful beaches, shopping and upscale beach homes. Pacific Beach, Mission Beach and Ocean Beach are more your typical California beach towns.
Downtown San Diego is a great place to live if you are interested in living the metro lifestyle. You can walk to many great places to dine and shop. Little Italy, Cortez, Columbia, Core, Horton Plaza, Gaslamp, Marina District and East Village are the main downtown areas. Many offer great condos with fabulous views and super amenities.
San Diego Central offers more affordable housing and you usually can get a lot more for your money in these communities. They are as follows: Tierrasanta, Mission Valley, Mission Hills, North Park, Sorrento Mesa, San Carlos, Del Cerro and Kensington. The good thing about living in these towns is they they are still close to many of the great things San Diego has to offer.
East County communities are more desirable to some because it is usually warmer and does not get the fog that rolls in when you are closer to the coast. Here are some of the towns to choose from in east county: El Cajon, Santee, Alpine, Spring Valley and La Mesa.
South County offers properties near the border in Chula Vista and in great beach towns of Coronado and Imperial Beach.
You can clearly see that County has many types of homes for sale in San Diego with many different opportunities whether you are looking for a beach home, horse ranch, high rise condo or living on a golf course near a country club. No wonder why San Diego is a top travel destination.
San Diego County is the southwestern most county of California along the Pacific Ocean. Boasting a population exceeding 2.8 million residents, San Diego County is the third most populous county and is just behind its northwestern counterpart, Orange County. Known for its miles upon miles of brilliant and sandy beaches, warm climate, and moderate weather, San Diego County has become one of the most desirable places to live in the United States and in the world. The county, like many other parts of California, has an interesting geography, ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the northeast to the Sonoran Desert in the east and the Cleveland National Forest in the central portion of the county.
Settled in 1769 by the Spanish as Mission San Diego de Alcala, the county became part of the nation in 1848 after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the U.S.-Mexican War. As one of the original Californian counties, San Diego County was created in 1850 when California gained statehood. The area is named after San Diego Bay and initially was much larger than its present area as it included most of southeastern California like San Bernardino, Riverside, and Imperial counties. Riverside County forms the majority of San Diego County's northern border while Imperial County is the entire eastern boundary. The county is well served by a wide network of freeways and highways that crisscross the area, including four interstates and fourteen state routes.


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something you shouldn't look up and if you made it this far....Brandon happens to say ''get a life'' which worldwide in every language is universal and at the same time i love you whoever you are. doesn't matter I Love You. i fight for my dreams do you,? for yours. i have only been able to type the word quit my mind can not act upon it, used to communicate never to act upon, it should be torn from your dictionary, it is from mine
Motto: I hate life and love living, i hate myself and love everything.
Motto: I hate life and love living, i hate myself and love everything.
Brandon dunegan is: kind, smart, bored with everything, high aspirations in life, willing to take himself to limits unattainable by anyone else he will reach his aspirations and then push himself harder to the finish (note: he has no end his finish is a line of success that forks to a greater aspirations),
P.S likes to write in third person
P.S likes to write in third person
by NLBC January 18, 2011


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Oregon Judicial Department
Many of our documents are in Portable Document Format (PDF) and require the free Adobe Acrobat Reader Software.
Juvenile Court Improvement Program
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Phone: 503.986.5618
Fax: 503.986.5859
Oregon Relay Service-711
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text: I'll be going to Baltimore next month for an O's game, but won't have a car. Staying at the Ramada in Catonsville, per Google Maps about 7 miles from Camden. My question is about transportation...is there a bus that runs from Catonsville to downtown Baltimore, and then back at night after the game?


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Modesto Irrigation District Energy Facility Expansion Power Plant Project
Docket Number:
01-SPPE-01 (Small Power Plant Exemption)
01-SPPE-1C (Compliance Proceeding)
Project Status: Licensed; In Compliance Phase. Operational: June 6, 2003
The California Energy Commission approved this project's Application for Certification on Spetember 19, 2001. The Commission monitors the power plant's construction, operation and eventual decommissioning through a compliance proceeding.
Committee that oversaw Original Licensing Proceeding:
Michal C. Moore, Commissioner, Presiding Member
Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Commissioner, Associate Member
Hearing Officer: Garret Shean
Key Dates
- May 4, 2001 - Applicant files application for a Small Power Plant Exemption (SPPE).
- May 30, 2001 - SPPE begins formal licensing process.
- September 19, 2001 - Energy Commission approves project.
- June 6, 2003 - Power plant on line and producing power.
On May 4, 2001 the Modesto Irrigation District (MID) filed a Small Power Plant Exemption (SPPE) to request approval from the California Energy Commission to construct an 80-megawatt (MW) nominal natural gas-fired combined cycle generating facility. The project would be located on a 2.5 acre portion of an overall 7 acre site with an existing 49.4 MW generating facility on Woodland Avenue, in Modesto, California, County of Stanislaus.
The 80-megawatt natural gas-fired combined cycle will consist of one modern combustion turbine and a condensing steam turbine. The project will use a convention drum-type heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), or a once through steam generator (OTSG) HRSG. Expansion of the existing switchyard will also include two new bays. Approximately 1.2 miles of new 69kV subtransmission line, approximately 6 miles of system reinforcements to an existing Pacific Gas & Electric natural gas supply line, and approximately 1 mile of new water line would be constructed as part of the proposed project.
Energy Commission Facility Certification Process
The California Energy Commission is the lead agency (for licensing thermal power plants 50 megawatts and larger) under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and has a certified regulatory program under CEQA. Under its certified program, the Energy Commission is exempt from having to prepare an environmental impact report. Its certified program, however, does require environmental analysis of the project, including an analysis of alternatives and mitigation measures to minimize any significant adverse effect the project may have on the environment.
For Questions About This Siting Case Contact:
For Questions About Participation In Siting Cases Contact:
Public Adviser
California Energy Commission
1516 Ninth Street, MS-12 Sacramento, CA 95814
Phone: 916-654-4489
Toll-Free in California: 1-800-822-6228
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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Phone: 916-654-4989
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Compliance Proceeding
Original Proceeding
- Submit e-Comment
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text:
Last Modified: Wednesday, December 05, 2012 6:45 PM
Three Lake Charles men — one of them the person who was tried and found not guilty of burning down Millennium Park — are facing numerous charges after allegedly stealing various items out of five vehicles in the University area, city police said.
Deputy Chief Mark Kraus said 18-year-old Seth Gabriel Arceneaux, 19-year-old Anthony Jolivette and 31-year-old Tajjell Humphrey were seen walking in the area of 203 Arlington St. and looking into parked vehicle around 3:28 a.m. Wednesday.
"The subjects were seen pulling on door handles wearing backpacks," Kraus said. "A short foot chase ensued and all three suspects were located and arrested. Two backpacks were also recovered. Officers recovered several stolen items that were in the possession of all three suspects."
Arceneaux, 3912 Harvard St., was charged with four counts of burglary, four counts of theft and possession of CD.S III. His bond was set at $16,500. Arceneaux was found not guilty of simple arson in April in connection with the fire that destroyed the park.
Jolivette, 2433 Medora St., was charged with four counts of burglary, four counts of theft and Illegal carrying of weapons. His bond was set at $16,000.
Humphrey, 2133 Cline St., was charged with four counts of burglary and four counts of theft. His bond was set at $14,000.


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Liposuction is a procedure that removes excess fat through a suctioning process. Although it is not a substitute for weight loss, it is a way of changing the body's shape and contour.
Liposuction can be used to remove excess fat that does not respond to exercise and dieting, including fat around the thighs, stomach, upper arms, buttocks, or the waistline.
Some of the different liposuction techniques include the following:
Tumescent techniqueThe tumescent technique involves the injection of a large quantity of a medical solution into a fatty area. The medical solution is a combination of drugs that numb the area, as well as shrink the capillaries and prevent blood loss. After the injection, a small incision is made into the skin and a tube connected to a vacuum is inserted into the fatty mass. The fat is then suctioned out.
Ultrasound-assisted lipoplastyIn the ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty, a special tube that produces ultrasound energy is used. This ultrasound energy breaks down the walls of the fat cells turning them to liquid. The fat is then suctioned out.
Laser-assisted lipoplasty
Possible complications associated with liposuction techniques may include, but are not limited to, the following:
Injury to the skin or deeper tissues
Irregular skin surfaceChanges in the skin surface can occur after liposuction, giving it an asymmetric or baggy look. There can also be changes in the skin pigmentation and areas that may become numb.
Greater risks if large areas are treatedThe risk for infection, the formation of blood clots or fat clots, excessive fluid loss, and damage to the skin, nerves, or vital organs is greater when large areas are treated.
Lidocaine toxicity or fluid in the lungsIf the lidocaine content is too high, it may cause lidocaine toxicity. If too much fluid is injected, it may cause fluid build-up in the lungs.
Generally, people of normal weight who have localized areas of protruding fat achieve the most desired results, however, persons who are slightly overweight can also benefit from liposuction. The best candidates for liposuction include the following:
Normal-weight (or slightly-overweight) people
People with firm, elastic skin
People who have pockets of excess fat in certain areas
Physically healthy and psychologically stable people
People with realistic expectations
Age is not a major factor, although older persons with diminished skin elasticity may not have the same results as persons with tighter skin.
Although each procedure varies, generally, liposuction surgeries follow this process:
Location options may include:
surgeon's office-based surgical facility
outpatient surgery center
hospital outpatient
hospital inpatient
Anesthetic options may include:
general anesthesia
local anesthesia, combined with a sedative (allows the patient to remain awake but relaxed)


text:
Published by Microsoft Games
Genre: Action
Players: 1-4
Developed by: Day1 Studios
Street Date: November 2002
Rating Pending
Pilot the most powerful weapons available in the 31st century, a 40-foot
tall walking tank known as a BattleMech. MechAssault is a 3rd-person
action/shooter, where environments are not only fully destructible,
they're your weapons. Choose from a dozen 'Mechs ranging from quick
30- tonners to huge 100-ton beasts. Configure your 'Mech and optimize
it to crush your opponents. Challenge yourself with 20 single-player
missions and get prepared for the ultimate multiplayer online experience.


text:
Husband appears in court for alleged road rage shooting
Couple faces several gun-related assault charges
NEWPORT, CARTERET COUNTY - A Lenoir County man, accused of a road rage brawl and shooting in Newport Sunday afternoon, made his first court appearance Wednesday morning.
At the Carteret County Courthouse, a judge told 40-year-old Bradley Turner that if convicted, he could spend up to four years in prison. In addition, he must not have any contact with the victims or their families, and must relinquish any firearms. His next court appearance was scheduled for May 3.
Bradley Turner's wife, 30-year-old Christy Turner, accompanied her husband to court Wednesday morning. Her own court appearance was set for May 1.
On Monday, the Turners, of Institute Road in La Grange, were charged for the alleged road rage attack, which deputies said happened at about 1 p.m. Sunday in Newport. According to investigators, the Turners were driving their Toyota SUV in James City, when they were cut off by a Chevy truck, driven by Josh Berry.
Berry said the Turners followed his truck all the way to a home in Newport. Bradley Turner then got out of his SUV and landed the first blow, Berry said.
"When [Bradley Turner] walked up, I just looked at him, he said a couple of words, threw a punch, and it was on like Donkey Kong," said Berry. "[Turner] assaulted both of us first before we ever landed a hit. It was complete self defense."
Berry said when he and his passenger, Nathan Brotzman, were able to knock Bradley Turner down, that was when Turner's wife showed up with a weapon.
"We see his wife come out of the car and she's got a gun, and you see in the video, both of us leave," Berry said. "She's got the gun, hands it to him and her facial expression is completely calm. Even when he racks the gun, accidentally discharges, her face doesn't even flinch."
"Everyone got to see the fun part of it. We're the ones who saw a gun pointed to our face and felt we [were] about to die," Brotzman said.
Deputies said Bradley Turner then left the scene, but returned a few moments later and fired several shots at Berry's truck, which was unoccupied at the time. According to investigators, Turner caused more than $200 in damage to the vehicle.
Both Bradley and Christy Turner turned themselves in Monday afternoon, according to investigators. Bradley was charged with discharging a weapon into property, two counts of assault by pointing a gun, going armed to the terror of the people, injury to personal property, and assault. Christy was charged with two counts of assault by pointing a gun.
A friend of the Turners said he was "in shock" by the allegations.
"I don't know what happened, but its got to be something really bad happen to trigger them to do what they did. They're great people... They're church-going people. They [wouldn't] hurt anybody," said Hafadh Hauter, who has known the Turners for 13 years.
Deputies told NewsChannel 12 that Berry and Brotzman were not charged because they were defending themselves.
"A lot of people are saying, 'you should just put the phone down and call the cops, do the right thing. But it's like, if you're in that predicament, what are you going to do? You don't know," said Berry. "It's the heat of the moment. Your adrenaline is going, you're not going to think right, and we defended ourselves. That's what we did."
"When [Turner] pulled up behind us, we knew something was gonna happen. [But we] had no intention on what actually did happen," Brotzman said. "For everyone out there that's talking this and that about how we tried to jump him and it was unfair, we were in the wrong. To a point, yes, we were. But to another point, that was self defense, we had no intention of doing this to this guy."
Deputies said the Turners' 4-year-old child was in their SUV during the road rage attack. The child was not hurt, but the Department of Social Services was contacted in regards to this incident.
"When I looked up [during the fight], that's when I see the kids in the car. That's the only reason why I didn't keep kicking [the suspect]," Brotzman said. "I looked up and kind of seeing the kids just staring at me, crying for their dad."
Bradley Turner was previously arrested for assault and trespassing charges in 2002 and 2003, investigators said. Those charges were later dropped. Attempts to contact the Turners for comment have not been answered.
Most Popular
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- Dudley man shot, killed early Saturday; Goldsboro Police investigating
- Travelers out in bunches for Memorial Day weekend


text: Out of curiosity's sake I googled GM Tech 2 to see what came up and went to "shopping"....... Ebay.....$1000 ( thats allot of money)....... third party dealers $4500 - $8000. What is the magic of this thing? the software fits on a 32MB ( mega-byte ) memory card..... and the the cards are PCMIA O_O........ I can't believe the software is worth $4500-$8000 because the hardware is from 1980 and worth about $10 in 2012. So at this extravagant price range I am sure Snap On, Mac Tools, Cornwall Tools, etc must have much better scanners than a Tech 2. It almost surprises me that there is not an IOS or Andriod app that could be loaded on a 7 inch or 10 inch tablet with a USB to OBD2 cable for allot less than $4500-$8000 that will do the exact same thing.


text:
Two days ago, there appeared to be a large swarm of bees leaving a hive that I had jut started in May from a nuc. However, they returned to the hive, and I assumed that although there had been a "beard" on the front of the hive, since the weather had cooled, and it was now late August, I needn't worry about swarming. Then, this afternoon, we discovered a VERY large swarm in a spruce tree about 10 yards from the bee yard. Witht help of a neighbor, we cut the branch down into a garbage can.Then using newspaper, we combined the swarm by placing as much of the branch, and bees, in an empty box on top of a weak hive.(We'll try to remove the branch tomorrow.) It was quite an adventure.
Has anyone had a "pre-swarm" similar to this? How cmmon is a swarm this late in the season?


text:
Recent Articles By John C. Welch [RSS]
Apple's Sandboxing Nontroversies
Apple's sandboxing requirements are a fact of life for developers hoping to sell their apps through the Mac App Store, and that has some developers — as well as end users — crying foul. On the other side there's John C. Welch from Angry Mac Bastards, and he thinks thinks it's time for developers and users to man-up and accept the good sandboxing brings to the Mac.
C4[boom]; John Welch's Take on the End of the Coder's Conference
C4 conference organizer Jonathan Rentzsch decided to mothball the event over Apple's decision to block iPhone and iPad developers from using certain third-party tools to design their apps. John Welch takes a look at Mr. Rentzsch's reasoning behind killing the conference for Mac developers and offers up his own take on the demise of the event.
Macworld Expo: Far From Dead
With all the press about how Macworld Conference & Expo 2010 was going to be a death march, the last gasp of a once great show, adrift without Apple's glory shining down upon us all, a funny thing happened: the show didn't suck.


text:
You are here:
Home>Learning>Schools>Impressionism>The Claude Monet Research & Conservation Project>Painting Materials
Due to the increasing popularity of outdoor painting in central Europe during the 19th century, a wider range of equipment became available specifically for that purpose. Monet benefited from the new range of canvases and boards available in many sizes and surface finishes. He also welcomed the invention of pre-formulated oil paint, sold in metal tubes.
Materials in cross-section
This cross-section image shows the build-up of layers in an oil painting on canvas.
Find out more
Priming Layer
The canvas is commercially prepared with a pale greyish-pink priming layer.
Find out more
Tube Paints
Monet used commercially produced oil paint, sold in tubes.
The canvas Monet used for this painting was purchased from the Paris-based supplier Alexis Ottoz.
Find out more
Copyright © National Gallery of Ireland, Merrion Square West, Dublin 2, Ireland
Tel: +353 1 661 5133 | Fax: +353 1 661 5372 | E-mail: email@example.com
Sitemap | Accessibility | Export Licences | Contact Us | About the site
Home | About Us | Plan a Visit | What's On | Exhibitions | Collection | Conservation | Learning | Research | Support Us


text:
Interview With a Young Lesbian Activist in Indonesiaadmin | August 14th, 2011 | No Comments »
By Jenni Chang & Lisa Lisa Dazols August 2011 It's always hard to find lesbians, but it's especially challenging in Java, Indonesia where ninety percent of the population is Muslim and women fight against second class status. Amongst the jilbab dressing, we spot a fohawk and meet Ema. A university student who often gets mistaken around town for a boy, Ema challenges ideals of femininity in Indonesia. Ema meets us at a cafe with her girlfriend, and we recognize that the couple is reserved about displaying public affection. But speaking to them and learning about the sacrifices they've made for each other, we can tell they are deeply in love. While her girlfriend declines an interview for safety reasons, they're very enthusiastic to meet with another lesbian couple and share their experience. As young activists and community organizers, we recognize that Ema (photo right) and her partner are the SupergaysRead More


text:
so i had my first traumatic diy project tonight =( i thought i would share since it made fi laugh so hard he almost pee'd his pants!
so i've been on the search for cute, unique birdie cake toppers
i came across a cute little set at michaels today for like $2 and thought "omg i could put a little birdcage on one, and a top hat on the other, then the light bulb went off telling me to dye one of them pink"
well, bad idea...
just so you get the full vision there were 2 identical birdies....
so see its all cute....
then i got ahold of it =(
so if i looked like a drugged out pink hair mess, then this might work right??
im saving these to remind me of this wedding planning experience, they sorta make me smile now hahaha


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triple axel: step out
triple flip-triple loop
triple lutz: wobbly landing
double lutz (supposed to be triple)-double toe-double loop
triple flip: underrotated and two footed
triple sal-triple toe (underrotated)
double axel
another double axel - not sure if it counts??
Total 171.44 1st place
Last edited by blue_idealist; 01-29-2010 at 10:43 PM. Reason: to include score
Joey Russell looks like a movie idol. If there is a future Canadian Battle between Russell and Reynolds, could two styles be more different? That's what's exciting about figure skating artistry.
I really believe Kevin Reynolds should be going to the Olympics.
double axel-double toe
triple loop
popped triple lutz
popped triple lutz-double toe (I think it was a toe)
triple toe
triple toe-double toe-double toe
triple sal - hand down - also looked doubled, although PJ Kwong didn't say anything about that
double axel
Total 148.96 4th place
If I miss the next person, I'm in the washroom. :P
Only missed like 15 sec of it..
triple flip - fall
triple toe-double toe-double toe
double axel
triple loop
double flip
doubled triple sal - double toe (fall)
double axel - double toe (turn out on landing)
He looks exhausted and pained.
Total 129.73 6th place
triple axel (turn out on landing)
triple flip - triple toe (looked UR)
triple lutz - fall
triple flip - fall
triple sal - double toe
triple axel - double toe (maybe two foot on axel)
double axel
zoned out for a second, but I think he did a second double axel, not sure if it was in combination or not :S
Total 156.91 2nd place
triple axel - triple toe (looked UR)
triple lutz
triple axel (step out)
triple loop - fall
double axel - double toe - double toe
double lutz - double toe
triple toe?? looked like a hand down
triple sal
Apparently he's retiring after this.
Total 171.36 2nd place
Joey Russell still leads
Ryan Bradley better not retire. Just a couple more years, please.
Awesome, except for the lack of a triple axel.
Quad toe
Quad toe - double toe
doubled triple axel
triple lutz
triple flip
triple loop
triple sal - triple toe
doubled triple lutz - double toe - double toe
Total 212.19 1st place by a LOT


text: My 2001 Surbride seems to ride pretty high. I don't have any lift, but the truck does have Autoride and it's a K2500. Questions: Do the 2500's ride higher than 1500's? And, more interesting, is there any way to fiddle with the Autoride to adjust ride height on the fly?


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Note: This message is displayed if (1) your browser is not standards-compliant or (2) you have you disabled CSS. Read our Policies for more information.
This strategic plan will identify and describe the steps necessary to build the physical, social, and administrative infrastructure necessary for the public, government, business and academic sectors to effectively discover, access, share, manage, and use digital geographic data throughout Indiana.
This strategic plan consists of:
• An introduction to provide context for the plan
• A vision for the future of Geographic Information technology in Indiana
• A description of the needs that will be satisfied by the implementation of this plan
• A mission that defines what must be done to ensure the success of the Geographic Information Office
• Core values that shape the actions necessary to accomplish the mission
• A description of major accomplishments
• Goals, actions, and projects to guide daily, weekly, monthly actions toward accomplishing the mission


text: Hey guys, So every once and a while I get these impulses...can you help me? First of all, I need to know if it is possible to go from bucket seats to a bench seat in a 2011 Silverado LT with the Bose upgrade. I'm almost certain that middle seat is a direct replacement, but I also did some research prior to coming here and from what I read in order for the speakers and everything to work the amp has to be plugged in. So if this is possible...any ideas where I should move the amp and sub? I just really like the bench so much more and wish I would have gotten one from the start, but this was the only laser blue silvy the dealer had so I got it. Thoughts? Thanks in advance!


text:
Modern Garbage Collectors under the Hood
Peer Reviewed by Glass_Knife, Dave Hunt, jbadams
garbage collection memory management tutorial c++
As many programmers gain experience, they start to learn more and more about what happens behind the facade, about Garbage Collecting and overall memory management. Sadly, I see many programmers filled with half right knowledge and wrong conclusions especially in the field of Garbage Collection and Performance. I saw attempts to "optimize" C# code, which did, if anything, slow down the program. So let us take a closer look at the modern Garbage Collectors, how they work and what problems they want to solve.
I am going to explain the specific Java implementation, but don't worry, most of them work fairly similar.
Garbage Collection isn't a beginner's topic, I assume you have a decent knowledge of your programming language of choice. I also assume you know what Heaps and Stacks are, how you use them in C++ and how pointers work. If you feel unsure about any of those topics, you should probably read this article later. Unless you are writing performance critical code, you can live a happy programmers life without knowing anything about Garbage Collection. So take your time, this article won't run away.
Reference Counting, or why would I need a Garbage Collector?
This is maybe the oldest strategy to find unused resources. It is still widely used in C/C++ programs and OS code. This strategy does exactly what the name implies, it counts how many references a resource has. When it drops to zero it can be cleaned up, usually by the thread that decreased the counter to zero. It is a beautifully simple design. The resources a thread has to clean up before resuming are very small, meaning that there are no noticable "hiccups" for the user. It appears as if the program runs seamlessly. Sounds great, but sadly Reference Counting also has its downsides:
- Referemce Counting is rarely supported on the language level. The compiler doesn't help to enforce correct increase/decrease of the counters. Nothing stops the programmer from creating memory leaks.
- Free Space needs to be managed, typically by a Freelist that is able to merge neighboring free areas. It also takes time to allocate a new object, since the program has to go through the list and find an area big enough.
- Cyclic dependencies are hard to find. There are solutions to this problem, like weak pointers in C++, but the programmer has to identify the cyclic dependancy and resolve it manually, or the program has a memory leak.
- The Heap tends to fragment as time goes on. It is possible to make it less of a problem by allocating as much on the stack as possible, like you can in C++. But when you are developing a server application that should run 24/7, fragmentation can become a real issue.
Simple Mark and Sweep Garbage Collector
Java's Garbage Collectors are using a Mark and Sweep algorithm. Every time the GC kicks in, the JVM and all Applications running on it get suspended. After that it cleans the heap in two phases
- Mark Phase:The GC marks all objects that are reachable
- Sweep Phase:The GC sweeps all unreachable objects
How to find reachable Objects, the Root Set
Think of the current in memory objects as a graph, each Node represents an object and each edge a reference. All objects reachable from the Root Set should stay in memory. So if you traverse each edge, you find all reachable objects, the mark phase is basically a graph traversal. Each object is reachable as soon as it was visited once, so the GC can mark a visited object with a flag.
The last missing puzzle piece is what the Root Set actually contains. All objects belong to the Root Set that are:
- References on the Callstack (A stackVar = new A(); ...)
- Static, global object referenes
- very short lived references ( return new Integer(3);)
- Java allows through the JNI (Java Native Interface) the invocation of C/C++ code which is also able to allocate Java objects. Those are also part of the Root Set
Now it comes to actually cleaning up the heap. The GC has to somehow walk through the whole Heap, visiting each object. How does it do that? The GC knows the starting adress of the Heap and it knows the heapsize. Now the only thing it needs are the sizes of the individual objects, so it knows where an object starts and where it has to look for the next one. The object size together with the mark flag are typically stored as meta information in each object.
Now we know how to find objects and we can clean them up. Awesome, let's have a look at how we improved compared to the Reference Counting strategy:
Allocation, STW Phases and Other Bad Habits
But how does it find a new space for an object? Sadly, we are still dependant on a Freelist for managing our free spaces. Even worse, now every object is allocated on the heap. Not only do we still have fragmentation issues, but we made them worse.
If that isn't enough, now we have Stop The World (STW) phases, the time span from the GC kicking in to it giving control back to the actual program are very noticable. Which is pretty bad if you are the provider of a streaming service, or playing a video game. Note that the Mark and Sweep GC is doing the same work as Reference Counting, the only difference is the distribution of when and how much each strategy cleans up.
But what do we get? The GC automatically solves cyclic dependancies, if a cluster of objects isn't reachable, it can get deleted no matter how many references they have internally. The GC also hides memory management from the programmer, it is one thing less he or she has to worry about.
That sounds great, but the Mark and Sweep GC did so by making everything else worse. If you think this can't be worth it, then you are right! Just for legacy, the first experimental Garbage Collectors worked in this way. I don't know if they were ever thrown in a productive system in this form... I hope not. They were devastatingly impractical and required a reboot after five hours or so, because the program managed to fragment the heap to hell.
The problem does not lie the actual Mark and Sweep algorithm itself. This is nice and tidy and is used in every Garbage Collector I know of. So let us analyze the problem we are trying to solve, how many objects are allocated and when exactly are they becoming garbage?
Object Lifetime
Typically a program allocates some objects at the start which stay alive during the whole runtime. There are also many objects that become useless shortly after their creation. The following diagram shows what a typical program usually does. The Axis are a bit puzzling, but think of the x axis as the age of a byte and the y axis the number of bytes for each age. For now, ignore the dashed lines
What does this mean?
The average computer program tends to have three different classes of objects. By far the largest amount of objects die shortly after they were created. Then follows the middle class, still moderately in size and stays useful for a little while. At last, we have the old class. Not as many objects as the other classes, but they stay in memory for a long while, some even as long as the program runs.
Now it becomes clear why the simple Mark and Sweep GC fragmented even worse. At the start of the program, short, middle and long lived objects get allocated at roughly the same time. After a second, a big amount of bytes became garbage already, but they are all spread out between medium and long lived objects. In C++ for example, short lived objects could at least sometimes be allocated on the stack.
As you see, in order to make a "good" Garbage Collector, we need to handle the classes differently. It makes sense to regularly clean up the short lived objects and make space for new ones. On the other hand we should be able to let the long lived objects alone as long as possible, only few objects die when they are already old. It may not surprise you, but modern Collectors can do that!
When Java only cleans up young objects, it calls it a Minor Collection and when it cleans up the young and the old objects, it calls it a Major/Full Collection. But how do we only search through young objects? And how can we take care of fragmentation?
The Generational GC
So this should be it, the solution to all our problems.
It is still a Mark and Sweep GC, but far more sophisticated. This GC uses Minor and Major Collections and it splits up the Heap in five different Generations or Spaces. Again, these are the Java-specific names, other Garbage Collectors work similarly but use different names:
- Eden Space: Here is where every object will be created. Every minor collection completely clears out the Eden Space.
- Survivor Space 1 and 2: Both spaces have to be exactly the same. As the name implies, the survivors of a minor collection get copied here. Why we exactly need two Survivor spaces gets clear when we talk about aging. After every Minor Collection, one Survivor Space is completely empty.
- Old Space (or Tenured Generation): When a object has lived long enough, it gets promoted to the Old Space. Here, it can only get cleaned out by a Major Collection.
- Permanent Space: No GC will be performed here, that is why it is called permanent. You are also unable to allocate here, this space is used by the JVM to store metadata and other implementation-specific stuff.
As we talked about in Reference Counting, we don't want a Freelist to manage our free space. But we do have our heap divided in several different spaces. We can use a "Free" Pointer for each space. As the name suggests, it marks the beginning of the free space:
The red squares are objects, the black arrow are refrences to other objects and the bright red triangle is the ominous free pointer.
New objects are always allocated in the Eden Space, unless they are too big for it, then the JVM allocates it directly in the Old Space.
Minor Collection
Now, let us assume that the Eden Space is getting full. The Garbage Collector has to perform a Minor Collection:
Each green diamond means that this object is part of the root set. Now, the Garbage Collector goes through the root set and marks all reachable objects. In this case, it marks objects 1, 3 and 5. It then copies the still-reachable objects in one of the survivor spaces:
After each Minor Collection, the Eden Space and one of the Survivor Spaces have to be empty. This gets important when we have a look at when the Generational GC runs out of memory.
All references of the surviving objects have to be adjusted, otherwise the reference in object 1 would point to something completely different, which we obviously don't want to happen.
As you recall from Object Lifetime, an object is less likely to become garbage the older it gets. Having an object die in Eden or the Survivor spaces is far cheaper than in the Old Generation, so the Garbage Collector tries to keep it outside of the Old Space as long as possible, so it is less likely to die in the Old Generation. This process is called Aging.
Let us go back to our example, and imagine that the Eden Space is getting crowded again. The next new object doesn't fit in the Eden Space, so the Garbage Collector performs another Minor Collection:
The mark phase now reaches object 1,3,5,7. All surviving objects are now copied in the free Survivor Space and all other objects get cleaned out.
This can take a while, the Garbage Collector can perform serveral Minor Collections, swap the objects from one space to the other. This sounds like a very expensive operation. It can get out of hand when objects get promoted too late, or the Eden Space is too small and Minor Collections happen often. So aging is a good optimization, if the Garbage Collector has enough memory to work with. We can start to see a trend in this Generational strategy: The more memory we have, the less overhead it has to do for the memory management.
If an object can't fit in a survivor space, it gets promoted directly to the Old Generation.
Promotion to Old Generation
There are two reasons for a Garbage Collector to promote objects:
- Objects in the Survivor Spaces are getting older, their chances of becoming garbage have sunk dramatically.
- The Survivor Space is getting full.
The mark phase reaches object 1,3,5,7 and 10. But you'll see quickly that they don't fit in one Survivor space. Somebody has to get promoted. The Generational GC always promotes the oldest objects first. In this example, object 1 and 3 are moved to the old space.
Fragmentation in Old Space
We have looked at the Minor Collection in detail and can conclude: It is free from freelists and fragmentation. Awesome! But what about the Old Space? This is still the same as the Simple Mark and Sweep GC algorithm. So what magic concept can we use here?
Since we try to let most of the objects die in Eden and the Survivor spaces, Major Collections are more rare and we can afford to perform expensive compacting algorithm here. While there are other reasons why managing Old Space is expensive, this is the most obvious and most important to know about. Any other reasons are beyond the scope of this article.
This is not important for a developer, but very interesting to think about: How much memory does a Major Collection have at its disposal? Think about it, a major collection is called when the Heap has almost run out of free space. The Major Collection has almost no Memory to work with.
Now the final question, when does the heap actually run out of memory? Obviously, we would like the heap to be full when, well duh, it is full, when we can't allocate any more space. Sadly, this isn't the case. Let us make a freak example: Every object you allocate is 1 MiB in size, you have 4 Mib in Eden, 2* 0.5 MiB for Survivors and 5 MiB for Old Space. In total, your heap could hold 10 objects.
Your program needs 7 objects at once in the heap, it regularly allocates a new 1 Mib object. Before it does it, your program removes the reference to an old object. Can the program run without an OutOfMemoryException?
The answer is a clear yes and no! In theory at thee time of the crash, the Eden Space is full with 4 objects. The Old Space contains 3 garbage and 2 objects alive. A survivor space can not hold even a single object. The Generational GC has to clean up the Eden Space completely, but there is no space for all 4 objects, even after a Major Collection. So the Garbage Collector has no other choice but to hoist the white flag, to throw an OutOfMemoryException.
But it CAN work, the Oracle implementation for example has a smarter Eden Space, it doesn't clean up the whole Eden Space because it would throw an OutOfMemoryException. So it can work, but don't count on it.
Common Misconceptions
Especially newer programmers seem to struggle with this. They hear about Garbage Collectors and the overhead. They think that good code therefore generates as less garbage as possible. They try to keep objects longer in memory than they should and maybe even dislike the Immutable Pattern.
It is true that if you are using an object anyways later on, that you should probably reuse it, but don't keep objectsyou might use at some point in the future in memory. With modern garbage collectors, short lived objects produce much less overhead than long lived ones. The Collector might need to swap it around in the Survivor spaces or if you are unlucky, it might even get promoted. Then you really produced unnecessary overhead. So don't hesitate to throw away what you don't need, it will only matter if you are allocating and throwing away megabytes. If you are doing that, no matter if you are using a Garbage Collector or not, you should rethink your program logic.
When I read people arguing about why C++ has the better performance than higher-level languages, I always read one sentence that says: "because it doesn't use a Garbage Collector". Which I find a bit irritating, because it is in general not true. Let us discuss Garbage Collectors and Performance.
First, we should think about what we mean when we say performance, there are mainly four factors when we talk about memory management:
- Memory Footprint
- Stop the World Phases
- Allocation Overhead
- Throughput
The Memory Footprint is generally worse when we use a Garbage Collector. As we concluded previously, in extreme cases both Survivor Spaces and big parts of the Eden Space are free but the Garbage Collector still runs out of memory. In other words, it uses more memory than it could.
Stop The World Phases
Here too the Garbage Collector performs worse than the simple Reference Counting strategy. This is neglectible for Applications like E-Banking Servers or the average desktop program. For time critical programs like Streaming Services or Games, this can be a dealbreaker.
That doesn't mean Garbage Collectors are unsuitable for time critical applications. Thanks to multicore processors, tuning possibilities and cheap RAM, Stop the World Phases can be reduced to unnoticable lengths.
Allocation Overhead
Thanks to Generational GC, we don't need to search through a Freelist of an adequate sized memory block. We always know where to allocate the next object, no matter how big it is. Allocation is as cheap as it gets.
First of all, throughput is measured in how much time the program spends cleaning up memory compared to how much time it is actually running. I think this is the most counter-intuitive point of all, but a Garbage Collector tends to spend less time cleaning up than the accumulated time in a Reference Counting program.
A Garbage Collector has a favorable memory access pattern, plus the more garbage there is, the less work has to be done. A Garbage Collector gets more and more efficient the more memory it should take care of. Throughput tends to scale with the memory available, which makes it very favorable for Service Providers. When the load increases, you can add memory and handle it to some degree.
Standard Configuration
This is Java implememtation-specific stuff, I don't know about anything about the standard configuration from other Garbage Collectors, but they very likely have a similar strategy behind it:
If you have installed Java on a desktop computer, the JVM sets the ratio Old Generation/New Generation to 1/3. The Old Space makes up to 3/4 of the total heap size, while the Eden Space and the two Survivor Spaces only get 1/4. Why is that the case? For throughput, the Eden Space should be well sized, to keep track of short lived objects, to reduce promotions in the more expensive Old Space.
As we saw before, the Collector throws an OutOfMemoryException if it doesn't have enough space to clean out the Eden Space completely. On the average desktop, memory tends to be more scarce, since it has to be shared between many other programs. With a big Old Generation, the JVM sacrifices speed for a more efficient memory footprint. This is something you don't have to worry about if you are writing an everyday application. But if you are implementing a Server Application or a Computer Game, fiddling with the Garbage Collector settings may be worth your while.
The End
That's about it, these are the basics of modern Garbage Collectors. This is all you need to know for most of your programming life. But the road doesn't end here, there are many more advanced topics to talk about: programming pitfalls with Garbage Collection, paralell and concurrent implementations and maybe most interesting of all; Garbage Collector Tuning.
I am certainly going expand on this topic at a later time and date. But first I want to write on a different topic and give Garbage Collection a small rest.
Java Garbage Collector Tuning
Article Update Log
6 Jun 2013: Revised "OutOfMemoryException"
9 May 2013: Revised "Reference Counting, or why would I need a Garbage Collector?" and Introduction.
30 Apr 2013: Initial release


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11/17- Nittany Nation Game Day Report- Big Win Over Indiana
Penn State Football Post-Game Notes
Vs. Indiana Nov. 17, 2012
- Penn State and Indiana met for the 16th time. The Nittany Lions have not lost to the Hoosiers.
- Penn State has outscored its opponents by a 90-6 margin in the first quarter, the fewest points allowed by an FBS team in the opening period.
- The Nittany Lion defense held Indiana scoreless in the first quarter to mark the ninth opponent of the season to fail to reach the scoreboard in the opening stanza.
- Penn State has out-scored the opposition 185-49 in the first half this season (90 points in 1st quarter; 95 ponts in 2nd quarter)
- Indiana was held to its second-fewest points of the season (14 vs. Wisconsin)
- Penn State's 45 points are the most by the Nittany Lions since scoring 52 against Eastern Illinois in 2009. It is the most in a Big Ten game since Penn State scored 49 vs. Michigan State in the 2008 regular season finale.
- Penn State's 546 yards of total offense were the most by the Nittany Lions in a game since recording 553 against Eastern Illinois in 2009. It is the most in a Big Ten game since Penn State had 557 yards against Michigan State in 2008.
- Today's game marked the first time that Penn State had at least four scoring drives of 70 yards or more since they had four against Eastern Illinois in 2009. In the Big Ten, Penn State last had at least four scoring drives of 70 yards against Michigan State in 2008.
- Allen Robinson's 53-yard reception was Penn State's longest play from scrimmage this season.
- Penn State's first-quarter touchdown drive was the 12th scoring drive of the season of at least 80 yards and the 18th of at least 70 yards.
- Penn State's 75-yard scoring drive in the third quarter marked its 21st of the season of at least 70 yards.
- Penn State generated at least one turnover in its seventh straight game and ninth contest of the season. The Nittany Lions have gained 21 turnovers this season.
- The Nittany Lions went 2-for-2 on fourth down in the game (18-for-33 in 2012).
- Penn State held Indiana to 24 yards rushing, the fifth time this season that the Nittany Lions have held an opponent to less than 100 yards of rushing, and the second lowest mark in the season (20 yards, Iowa).
- Indiana's 24 rushing yards (on 26 attempts) was a season-low. Previous low was 35 yards vs. Michigan State.
- Stephon Houston's 79-yard touchdown reception was the longest played allowed by Penn State this season.
- The 59 passing attempts by Cameron Coffman are the most by a Penn State opponent in a regular season game since Ben Chappell of Indiana had 51 attempts in 2009. It is the most in any game since Case Keenum of Houston had 69 attempts in last season's TicketCity Bowl.
- Quarterback Matt McGloin moved into sole possession of first place on the program's career passing touchdown (45), single-season completions (251) and single-season yardage (3,071) lists.
- McGloin passed Tony Sacca to move into second place on the program's career passing yardage list (6,190 yards).
- With four touchdown passes, McGloin moved into second place on the single-season touchdown list with 23 touchdown passes. He entered the season with 22 career touchdown passes.
- McGloin recorded his 17th career 200-yard passing game to move into sole possession of first place on the program's all-time list, breaking a tie with Kerry Collins and Zack Mills.
- McGloin extended his own record of consecutive 200-yard passing games with his ninth straight.
- McGloin extended his school mark with his sixth career 300-yard game, fourth this season and second against Indiana.
- McGloin threw for a career-high 395 yards and the most since Zach Mills threw for 399 against Iowa in 2002. The 395 yards is the second-best mark in school history.
- McGloin tied a career-high with four touchdown passes (2012 vs. Navy, 2011 vs. Northwestern).
- McGloin threw a career-long 53-yard touchdown pass to Allen Robinson in the second quarter.
- McGloin has thrown at least one touchdown pass in 12 straight regular season games dating back to the 2011 game vs. Wisconsin. He has thrown multiple TD passes in 8 of 11 games this year.
- Wide receiver Allen Robinson broke Penn State's single-season reception record with a 26-yard touchdown catch in the first quarter. His 64th reception of the year moved him past O.J. McDuffie (1992) and Bobby Engram (1995).
- With a career-high 197 yards, Robinson moved into third place on the program's all-time single-season receiving list with 978 yards. Bobby Engram holds the top two spots with 1,084 yards in 1995 ad 1,029 yards in 1994.
- Robinson's 197 yards receiving is the fifth-best single-game receiving yardage in the school annals and the most by a Nittany Lion since Deon Butler had a school-record 216 receiving yards against Northwestern in 2006.
- Robinson's 11 touchdown catches in 2012 place him in a tie for second on the program's single-season list (Bobby Engram, 1995). Engram's 13 TD catches in 1993 are the school record.
- Robinson's 11 TD catches also put him in a tie for ninth (Freddie Scott, Tony Johnson) on the program's career list.
- Robinson tied a career high with 10 catches for a career-best 197 yards.
- Robinson recorded a career-long 53-yard reception for his second touchdown catch of the day.
- Robinson recorded his second 100-yard receiving game of the season.
- Robinson was the Nittany Lions' first 150-yard receiver since Derek Moye recorded 158 receiving yards against Indiana in 2011.
- Tight end Jesse James recorded a career-long 42-yard reception in the second quarter.
- Tight end Matt Lehman registered a career-best 29-yard reception in the third quarter.
- Tailback Zack Zwinak recorded his third straight 100-yard rushing game and fifth in his last seven games with 135 yards on a career-high 29 carries.
- Zwinak became the 18th player in school history with five 100-yard rushing games in a season.
- Senior safety Jake Fagnano became the 18th different Nittany Lion to earn his first career start this year.
- Linebacker Gerald Hodges recorded a game-high 12 tackles for his 5th double figure tackle of the season.
- Gerald Hodges has a team-high 102 tackles, giving him back-to-back seasons with at least 100 hits. He had 106 in 2011.
- Gerald Hodges recorded his second interception of the season in the second quarter (first since Navy) and third of his career.
- Linebacker Mike Hull registered a career-best 11 tackles.
- Safety Adrian Amos recorded his second interception of the season and first since Ohio State.
- Defensive end Deion Barnes recorded his team-high sixth sack and 10th TFL this season.
- Safety Stephen Obeng-Agyapong recorded his first sack of the season.
- Cornerback Stephon Morris tied a career-best with nine tackles for the second consecutive game.
- Placekicker Sam Ficken made his seventh consecutive field goal attempt.
- Penn State (7-4, 5-2) will close out the 2012 season with a Leaders Division showdown with Wisconsin. The Nittany Lions and Badgers will square off Nov. 24 at 3:30 pm on ABC/ESPN. Penn State's seniors will be introduced before the game.
Don't Miss
- Copyright 2017 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
- Copyright 2017 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
- Copyright 2017 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
- Copyright 2017 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
- Copyright 2017 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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Detroit Film Theatre
Friday, August 16, 2013
7:00 PM Detroit Film Theatre
(Denmark/2012—directed by Thomas Vinterberg)
From acclaimed director Thomas Vinterberg (The Celebration) and co-writer Tobias Lindholm (A Hijacking), The Hunt is a disturbing and gripping depiction of how a lie becomes the truth when gossip, doubt and malice are allowed to ignite a witch-hunt. The wonderfully versatile Mads Mikkelsen won the Best Actor Award at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival for his penetrating portrayal of Lucas, a beloved kindergarten aide and father in the midst of reinventing his life, following a tough divorce. Just as things are starting to go his way, Lucas's world explodes into unimaginable chaos when an untruthful remark turns his neighbors in his small, tightly-knight community into something resembling a mob. As the lie refuses to die – despite facts that prove otherwise - Lucas refuses to flee, choosing instead to mount a lonely campaign to reclaim his life and dignity. With echoes of Ibsen's An Enemy of the People, The Hunt is stirring proof that even the oldest of stories can find vibrant new life in the hands of artists. Telluride and Toronto Film Festivals. In Danish with English subtitles. (111 min.)
"Outstanding. Immensely powerful. Mads Mikkelsen is one of the finest actors at work today." –Phillip French, The Observer (UK)
"Thrilling and compelling. A stunning turn from the always excellent Mads Mikkelsen." –David Voight, The Examiner (UK)
"Riveting… A shattering performance by Mads Mikkelsen." –David Rooney, The Hollywood Reporter
- Friday, August 16, 2013: 7:00 PM
- Saturday, August 17, 2013: 7:00 PM
- Sunday, August 18, 2013: 2:00 PM
- Friday, August 23, 2013: 9:30 PM
- Saturday, August 24, 2013: 9:30 PM
- Sunday, August 25, 2013: 4:30 PM