text:
Viking Monuments and Sites / Grobiņa archaeological complex
Latvian National Commission for UNESCO
Grobina province
ExportWord File
The Secretariat of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Heritage Centre do not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information or documentation provided by the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to the Secretariat of UNESCO or to the World Heritage Centre.
The publication of any such advice, opinion, statement or other information documentation on the World Heritage Centre's website and/or on working documents also does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of UNESCO or of the World Heritage Centre concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries.
Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party
Part of transnational serial nomination
The Viking serial nomination comprises land-, sea- and townscapes stretching from the North Atlantic to the Baltic Sea. Among the thousands of Viking sites from the eighth to the twelfth centuries AD, these nine nominated properties from six nations are outstanding examples representing the wide diversity of this early maritime culture.
In the Viking Age the Norse peoples - the Vikings - developed a maritime culture which had an enormous impact on Northern Europe and beyond. Within Scandinavia the Viking Period witnessed the transformation from tribal to state societies and a change of religions. The three Christian kingdoms that developed from this transformation, and out of which the present Nordic States evolved, were by the end of the Viking Age an integral part of Europe. Thus, in modern times, Viking culture has contributed significantly to the creation of cultural coherence, symbolic values and cultural identity in the Nordic region, and it continues to hold immense public appeal world-wide. This culture and its heritage developed in close interaction within a unique natural environment. It is composed of distinctive urban landscapes and monuments. The culture also produced one of the world's great literatures: the Sagas, Eddic poetry and runic inscriptions.
Harnessing the technology of the ship, Vikings used the sea for expansion, exploration, long-distance trade and overseas settlement. The travels of the Vikings brought them across the Baltic Sea and down the Russian rivers as far as the Black and Caspian Seas to Byzantium and the Caliphate of Baghdad, as well as west out into the Atlantic. They were the first to settle in Iceland and the first Europeans to reach Greenland and North America about 1000 AD. In so doing, the Vikings were the first people to succeed in opening routes across the northern hemisphere from North America to Asia, thus connecting different cultural regions of the earth. Adapted to very diverse types of natural environments, success was on the one hand in the use, and at times ecological misuse, of regional resources, and, on the other hand, in the development of social and political systems. This combination formed the basis for a rich cultural region. Internally, Scandinavia witnessed an economic, religious and social transformation aided by a boom in internal and cross-cultural communication during the Viking period. New institutions were developed, smaller regions were merged into larger units and the Scandinavians took part in European development on a larger scale. Scandinavia at the time of King Knut, in the early 11th century, was vastly different from the Scandinavia that was visited by the missionary Ansgar in the early 9th century.
The component parts cover a wide temporal and spatial range. They are of exceptional quality and diversity. They include trading towns, harbours, defensive structures, production sites, burial monuments, and assembly sites. Viewed as a whole these sites bear witness to the extent of Viking social and cultural development.
Grobiņa archaeological complex is situated in Western part of Latvia not far from the Baltic Sea and City of Liepāja, in the territory and vicinity of Grobiņa town. The first inhabitation of Grobiņa is connected with The Stone Age, later in I M AD Grobiņa became a centre of West Baltic tribe Curonians. In the local circumstances of Grobiņa in 7th C the north men appeared. They developed in Grobiņa and the vicinity of it agrarian and international trade settlements. In that time Grobiņa via navigation by Ālande River was connected with the Baltic Sea. The north men communicate with local Curonians and established peculiar form of ethnic symbiosis. It was representing in artefacts, dwelling sites and burials. Up to 9th C AD an important north men, Viking and Curonian proto-urban settlement existed in Grobiņa. The co-existence of north men and local Curonians has been represented in archaeological findings on flat cemeteries (Smukumi, Priediens, Atkalni), burial mound cemeteries (Priediens, Pormaļi) and hillfort Skabārža kalns with a settlement. In Priediens burial mound cemetery the picture stone was discovered, which is the only one of such findings out of the territory of Scandinavia. Probably Grobiņa as Seaborg was mentioned under year 854 in the Chronicle of Archbishop Rimbert Vita sancti Ansgari, where the raid of the king Olaf to Curonian territories was described. It is possible, that the north men and Vikings are connected with more wide agrarian territories close to Grobiņa. In 1269 the castle of Livonian order was established in Grobiņa on the territory of presumable North men settlement. Since 1929 the extended archaeological investigations were carried out in Grobiņa. Nowadays Grobiņa is a small province town.
Nr. on the List of State Protected Cultural Heritage Monuments
Grobiņa hillfort (Skabārža kalns) with a settlement
Grobiņa province, Grobiņa, right bank of the Ālande river, on the peninsula of Dzirnezers
Atkalni flat cemetery
Grobiņa province, near the Atkalni and Lankupi
Priediena burial mound cemetery
Grobiņa province, Grobiņa, near the equestrian complex
Grobiņa medieval castle with bastions
Grobiņas province, Grobiņa, Lielā Street 1
Porāni (Pūrāni) burial mound cemetery
Grobiņa province, near the Porāni (Pūrāni)
Smukumi flat cemetery
Grobiņas province, near the Rudzukalni (ex. Smukumi)
Justification of Outstanding Universal Value
The selection of sites bears an exceptional testimony to a unique cultural tradition in which the ship became the essential feature. Due to the natural environment of lakes, rivers and sea the use of waterways and the development of navigational skills had a long tradition. In the Viking Age ship technology was taken to a new level. Vikings were the first to settle in Iceland and the first Europeans to reach Greenland and North America about 1000 AD. In so doing, the Vikings were the first people to succeed in opening routes across the North Atlantic to North America and eastward to the Russian Plain and Byzantium, connecting continents and cultural regions. Internally, Scandinavia witnessed an economic, religious and social transformation aided by a boom in internal and cross-cultural communication during the Viking period. The component parts represent key attributes of Viking culture while the ship is the common feature throughout. In modern times, Viking culture has contributed significantly to the creation of cultural coherence, symbolic values and cultural identity in the Nordic region, and it continues to hold immense public appeal world-wide. The component parts demonstrate clearly the key features; expansion, cultural communication and a strong narrative tradition past and present.
The site of Grobiņa is exceptionally well-preserved archaeological sites and structures of the Viking Age, unique material testimony about ancient habitat and existence of international far trade and external relationship network created by north men and Vikings, as well as about the interaction and fruitful symbiosis of different cultures and life styles, incl. ancient Curonians. The Grobiņa archaeological complex has partly preserved its landscape, characteristic for appropriate period.
The richness and diversity of findings from archaeological excavations demonstrate the importance of Grobiņa as one of the sites of Viking Age in the W part of the Baltic Sea. Grobiņa archaeological complex reflects the interaction between north men, Vikings culture and local Curonian culture; consequently the Curonians were included in wide external relationship network and accepted the north men and Vikings mode of life. In their turn, north men, probably, assumed Curonians agrarian, handicraft and other traditions. As result of this interaction an exceptional and original symbiosis of north men and Curionian cultures has been developed.
The geographical horizon of Viking Age was a large-scale: the impact of foreign countries and cultures were integrated in Vikings social life, mythology, arts, crafts and literature in multifaceted and imaginative way. The Scandinavian cities and cities under their influence developed as important intercultural sites with economical relationship. There were situated important fortresses, pagan sanctuaries and first Christian churches. These cities developed as most important political, military and sacral centres of this period. For the first time in Northern history, Viking culture considerably exceeded the local framework. Considerable mobility of individuals or groups was the basis for far journeys with military or mercantile aims. The Viking movement had the character of colonisation and conquest, but it also established the communication among different cultures, displacing different technological and cultural innovations in the important distance.
The initial habitation of Grobina goes back to Stone Age, later in the beginning of I M AD Grobiņa became a center of the tribe of western Balts namely the Curonians. In 7th C in Grobina region the Scandinavians appeared and established in Grobiņa and its vicinity far trade and probably agrarian settlements. Via the River of Ālande and the Liepāja lake Grobina was accessible for the seagoing ships. The Baltic Sea connected Grobiņa with the biggest administrative, trade, handicraft, military and other centers of the Viking world. In the region of Grobiņa the north men in the course of interactions with local Curonians developed peculiar form of symbioses of different ethnic groups. This has representation in artifacts, dwelling and burial sites. Up to 9th C Grobiņa was extended, well known proto-urban settlement of north men, Vikings and Curonians. This was represented by several good in artifacts flat cemeteries (Smukumi, Priediens, and Atkalni), burial mound cemeteries (Priediens, Pormaļi) and hillfort Skabārža kalns with a settlement. In burial mound cemetery Priediens the picture stone was discovered, which was the first of picture stones discovered out of Scandinavia. Perhaps Grobiņa is mentioned as Seaborg in the Chronicle of archbishop of Bremen Vita sancti Anscarii, where the attack in year 854 of King Olaf was described. Probably the presence of Vikings is connected with more extended territory in the vicinity of Grobiņa. Since 1929 in archaeological ensemble of Grobiņa the wide archaeological excavations were conducted.
There are several other cultural monuments or listed sites in the territory of Grobiņa archaeological ensemble or close to it namely Grobiņa Lutheran church, the historical center of Grobiņa, etc.
Statements of authenticity and/or integrity
As an archaeological complex, Grobiņa is entirely authentic. Its individual parts compose landscaping and mutually integrated network of material testimonies.
The authenticity of the site is verified impressively by numerous archaeological and scientific investigations conducted since 1929 that continues in nowadays offering new materials. The most important researches on the Grobiņa archeological complex are published in scientific pornographies and in many scientific publications in Latvia and abroad.
Short Description
Grobiņas hillfort (Skabārža kalns) and a settlement
Grobiņa hillfort is situated on peninsula of the River Ālande watermill-pound. Levelled plateau of the hillfort is up to 80 m long, 40 - 45 m wide. The plateau is separated by the up 80 m long and 2 m high rampart. To the East of the hillfort the settlement site (ca. 3 ha) is situated.
Atkalni flat cemetary
Atkalni flat cemetery is situated on a flat evaluation. They are dating from Stone Age to 13th C AD and contains inhumations and cremations (Curonians).
Priediens burial mound cemetary
Very extended cemetery of Scandinavian burial mounds (ca. 2000). Part of the mounds lost their visual marks. Close to the burial mounds the Curonian flat burials are situated. In the course of archaeological excavation a great number of Scandinavian and Curonian artefacts was discovered. Among them one can mentioned unique stone stela with the inscription of the swans.
Grobiņa medieval castle with bastions
Grobiņa German stone castle was erected in the first half of 14th C on the presumable territory of North men settlement. After 14th C the stone castle was extended.
Porāni (Pūrāni) burial mound cemetary
Scandinavian burial mounds with typical graves and artefacts.
Smukumi flat cemetary
Flat cemetery with Scandinavian cremations and later inhumations. Cemetery situated on a flat evaluation.
Comparison with other similar properties
The transnational project unites properties already appointed as Viking Age World Heritage with the newly nominated sites of Danevirke and Hedeby as well as Grobiņa, the Danish fortresses, the Vestfold burial mounds and Hyllestad quernstone quarry. They all rank among the most important historical places in the Viking Age and have moreover, as archaeological sites, contributed essential insights into Scandinavian culture of this period. In this period the Nordic region developed from being a peripheral zone of Europe to being an integrated component of the Christian West. Of exceptional value is the good condition of preservation displayed by the project's combined monuments, ideally complemented by Old Iceland's rich supply of written records and by other outstanding archaeological finds such as the ships from Gokstad, Oseberg and Roskilde. Corresponding nominations for the period between the 8th and the 12th century AD have to date not been represented on the World Heritage List.
For each component part:
Archaeological complex of Grobiņa is possible to compare with such archaeological complexes of Eastern Way (Austrvegr) like Frőjel in Gotland (Sweden), Wiskiauten (prev. Prussia), Staraja Ladoga and Gnezdova (Russia).
All of them were significant parts of Austrvegr, although Grobiņa is chronologically elder with roots in the Pre-viking period. Grobiņa is showing the rise of Viking cross sea expansion in the beginning of Viking Era. Possibly, therefore the geographical situation of Grobiņa differs, because Grobiņa is situated more inlands, not very close to the waterways and mirroring penetrating situation of Viking expansion. Grobiņa includes more types and variations of archaeological sites e.g. in Grobiņa great diversity and different constructions of burial sites is understandably and visually connected with dwelling and defended sites like hillfort and settlements. Possibly, that the number of inhabitants of Grobiņa site is bigger as in other sites. Grobiņa is showing the interactions between Norsemen and local Baltic inhabitants, what is mirroring the hybrid jevellry with Baltic and Viking culture marks. The local society on a great scale accepted the new socio-economical situation, changing their living strategies, but in the same time the Norsemen partly accepted local situation. The archaeological complexes of Grobiņa are well protected and managed, what is not so good in the case of Staraja Ladoga and Gnezdova.


text:
Beautiful Studio in Palermo SOHO - Soler y Bonpland
Floor No.
Accommodation summary
|Soler, capital federal, Argentina
|Property type
|Property ID
|Acceptance rate
|Response time
|A few hours
|Calendar updated
|More than half a year ago
This apartment is in a building which has grill, Jacuzzi and solarium. It is a studio up to three people with balcony. 36 m2. It has a spacious kitchen and table with two chairs. There is also a sofa bed, chair and coffee table. The bedroom is separated and has a double bed, bedside table and balcony. Complete bathroom with bathtub and bidet.
LED TV with cable
Internet WI FI
Air conditioner cold/ heat
Smoke Extractor
Bed linen and towels
Utilities included
Water, gas, electricity, internet, cable, building fees and taxes.
This apartment is located in Soler St. & and Bonpland St. in the heart of Palermo Hollywood neighborhood. Surrounded by parks, shops and TV channels. A few blocks from Plaza Serrano, is a booming area right now where are grouped all types of designers and entertainment venues such as pubs, cafes, restaurants, craft fairs and generally highly original sites.
House rulesYou pay a damage deposit of: 1 to 2 weeks: The equivalent of 1 week rent.
2 weeks to a month: The equivalent of 2 weeks rent.
1 Month: The equivalent of 2 weeks rent.
Longer than a month: The equivalent of a month rent.
U$S 35 will be charged as a "Late Check-In" fee when the passenger arrives out of business hours which are Monday through Friday, 9.30AM to 6.00PM.
Please confirm the exact address with the host.
|Weekly rate for up to 2 guests
|Monthly rate for up to 2 guests
|Check-in after
|On arrangement
|Check-in before
|On arrangement
|Check-out before
|On arrangement
|Cancellation Policy
Reviews of this property
The apartment was located in a safe neighborhood and clean.
You have everything (supermarket, restaurants) close by, but to the metro station (subte) you have to walk about 10 min.
It was easy to communicate with the landlord, but because of the dividing wall the apartment is very dark. For this reason you cannot study there after 6 o'clock.
Reviews for this host's other properties
The apartment met all our expectations. Good central location. A very good access to public transport. Price - performance ratio was 100%.
The rooms where very nice. The location is directly in the city of Buenos Aires. Short ways to the public transportations. If I go to Buenos Aires again I will book it again.
Das Apartment entsprach voll unseren Erwartungen. Gute Zentrale Lage. Eine sehr gute Anbindung an die öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel. Preis - Leistung stimmt zu 100%.
The rooms where very nice. The location is direct in the city of Buenos Aires. Short ways to the public transportations. If I go to Buenos Aires again I will book it again.
Flat line with expectations. Excellent location, quiet and comfortable.
The kitchen equipment is basic and can be improved.
Appartement conforme aux attentes. Très bien situé, calme et confortable.
L'équipement de la cuisine est sommaire et peut être amélioré.
Nice apartment with a vintage style, clean and well maintained. Located in a quite central position. Kind and available host.
Very good location if you want to be near the very center and close to Borges Centre
Clean and quiet studio
Très bon emplacement si on veut être près de l'hyper centre et proche du Centre Borges
Studio propre et silencieux
Location of the apartment:
+ Very good,
+ Very central;
+ Many attractions are easily accessible on foot
+ Safe area
+ Lots of nice shopping
+ Very big and beautiful
+ Nice terrace
- Kitchen is old and partially dirty
Lage der Wohnung:
+ sehr gut,
+ sehr zentral;
+ viele Sehenswürdigkeiten sind gut zu Fuß erreichbar
+ sichere Wohngegend
+ viele nette Einkaufsmöglichkeiten
+ sehr groß und schön
+ schöne Terasse
- Küche ist alt und teilweise dreckig
- Quality assured accommodation
- Every host is verified by telephone
- Secure payment via SSL encryption

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Big check for East Carteret band program
Growing music class is out growing equipment
BEAUFORT, CARTERET COUNTY - Membership in the East Carteret High School Band has increased 400 percent in the last ten years. It's a growing band program that is out growing some of it's equipment needed for competitions.
"We had to use a U-Haul truck to get to one of our band competitions because our truck just wasn't going to make it. I think it's very professional if a band can carry all of its stuff to and from places that they're going to. Band is not fun when you can't show what you're working on," said Rachael Cockrell, a senior band student.
Paul Pittman of Stevenson Chevrolet was in the East Carteret Band 25 years ago. He presented the program a check for $5,000 to go toward a new trailer.
"It's the area I came from. I grew up here. I graduated here. I played the saxophone here. So I figured this would be a great way to give back to the people that gave to us," said Pittman.
East Carteret High School's band program already has this 24-foot trailer. The second one will be 28 feet. Two trailers to one band really helps out.
"We have a jazz ensemble, percussion ensemble, winter guard, color guard, marching band and concert band. We use it for all facets of the program, all year round. Many programs go to different places at the same time," said Ashley Wright, ECHS band director.
The East Carteret Band has a history of traveling to destinations like Disney World and the Cherry Blossom Parade in Washington D.C. The money will help the band make a good first impression when competing.
"At a band competition you don't see the band when you first get there you see the trailer. You see the band's image," said Trevor Davis, ECHS Sophomore.
It's a step in the right direction for an increasing band student population.
Most Popular
- One person injured in Greenville shooting
- Son kills father, himself in murder-suicide in Morehead City
- One dead, two injured after early-morning shooting in New Bern
- Coast Guard calls off search for missing Hyde County boaters off Georgia
- Dudley man shot, killed early Saturday; Goldsboro Police investigating