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East & Southeast Asia :: Thailand
A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century. Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand became a US treaty ally in 1954 after sending troops to Korea and later fighting alongside the United States in Vietnam. Thailand since 2005 has experienced several rounds of political turmoil including a military coup in 2006 that ousted then Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat, followed by large-scale street protests by competing political factions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Demonstrations in 2010 culminated with clashes between security forces and pro-THAKSIN protesters, elements of which were armed, and resulted in at least 92 deaths and an estimated $1.5 billion in arson-related property losses. THAKSIN's youngest sister, YINGLAK Chinnawat, in 2011 led the Puea Thai Party to an electoral win and assumed control of the government. YINGLAK's leadership was almost immediately challenged by historic flooding in late 2011 that had large swathes of the country underwater and threatened to inundate Bangkok itself. Throughout 2012 the Puea Thai-led government struggled with the opposition Democrat Party to fulfill some of its main election promises, including constitutional reform and political reconciliation. Since January 2004, thousands have been killed and wounded in violence associated with the ethno-nationalist insurgency in Thailand's southern Malay-Muslim majority provinces.
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
Geographic coordinates:
Map references:
Southeast Asia
Total: 513,120 sq km
Country comparison to the world: 51
Land: 510,890 sq km
Water: 2,230 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming
Land boundaries:
Total: 4,863 km
Border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km
3,219 km
Maritime claims:
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid
central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
Elevation extremes:
Lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m
Highest point: Doi Inthanon 2,576 m
Natural resources:
tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
Land use:
Arable land: 30.71%
Permanent crops: 8.77%
Other: 60.52% (2011)
Irrigated land:
64,150 sq km (2007)
Total renewable water resources:
438.6 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Total: 57.31 cu km/yr (5%/5%/90%)
Per capita: 845.3 cu m/yr (2007)
Natural hazards:
land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts
Environment - current issues:
air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting
Environment - international agreements:
Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Geography - note:
controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore
People and Society
Noun: Thai (singular and plural)
Adjective: Thai
Ethnic groups:
Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%
Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
Buddhist (official) 94.6%, Muslim 4.6%, Christian 0.7%, other 0.1% (2000 census)
67,448,120 (July 2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 20
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2013 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,620,873/female 6,313,188)
15-24 years: 15.1% (male 5,181,468/female 4,975,083)
25-54 years: 45.6% (male 15,192,334/female 15,569,761)
55-64 years: 10.4% (male 3,345,493/female 3,661,867)
65 years and over: 9.8% (male 2,971,426/female 3,616,627) (2013 est.)
Dependency ratios:
Total dependency ratio: 38.6 %
Youth dependency ratio: 25.2 %
Elderly dependency ratio: 13.5 %
Potential support ratio: 7.4 (2013)
Median age:
Total: 35.1 years
Male: 34.2 years
Female: 36.1 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.52% (2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 151
Birth rate:
12.66 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 157
Death rate:
7.47 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 116
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 103
Urban population: 34.1% of total population (2011)
Rate of urbanization: 1.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
BANGKOK (capital) 6.902 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
note: Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (1987 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
48 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
Country comparison to the world: 111
Infant mortality rate:
Total: 15.41 deaths/1,000 live births
Country comparison to the world: 107
Male: 16.38 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 14.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Total population: 74.05 years
Country comparison to the world: 115
Male: 71.66 years
Female: 76.58 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.66 children born/woman (2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 175
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
79.6% (2009)
Health expenditures:
3.9% of GDP (2010)
Country comparison to the world: 169
Physicians density:
0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2004)
Hospital bed density:
2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Drinking water source:
urban: 97% of population
rural: 95% of population
total: 96% of population
urban: 3% of population
rural: 5% of population
total: 4% of population (2010 est.)
Sanitation facility access:
urban: 95% of population
rural: 96% of population
total: 96% of population
urban: 5% of population
rural: 4% of population
total: 4% of population (2010 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
1.3% (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 38
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
530,000 (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 15
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
28,000 (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 13
Major infectious diseases:
Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
8.8% (2008)
Country comparison to the world: 135
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
7% (2006)
Country comparison to the world: 76
Education expenditures:
3.8% of GDP (2010)
Country comparison to the world: 119
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 93.5%
Male: 95.6%
Female: 91.5% (2005 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Total: 12 years
Male: 12 years
Female: 13 years (2009)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Total number: 818,399
Percentage: 8 % (2006 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Total: 2.7%
Country comparison to the world: 140
Male: 2.5%
Female: 3% (2011)
Country name:
Conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand
Conventional short form: Thailand
Local long form: Ratcha Anachak Thai
Local short form: Prathet Thai
Former: Siam
Government type:
constitutional monarchy
Name: Bangkok
Geographic coordinates: 13 45 N, 100 31 E
Time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
77 provinces (changwat, singular and plural); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Bueng Kan, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon
1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)
National holiday:
Birthday of King PHUMIPHON (BHUMIBOL), 5 December (1927)
24 August 2007
Legal system:
civil law system with common law influences
International law organization participation:
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch:
Chief of state: King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet, also spelled BHUMIBOL Adulyadej (since 9 June 1946)
Head of government: Prime Minister YINGLAK Chinnawat also spelled YINGLUCK Shinawatra (since 8 August 2011); Deputy Prime Minister KITTIRAT Na Ranong (since 28 October 2012); Deputy Prime Minister PHONGTHEP Therkanchana also spelled PHONGTHEP Thepkanchana (since 28 October 2012); Deputy Prime Minister PLODPRASOP Suraswadi (since 28 October 2012); Deputy Prime Minister PRACHA Promnok (since 24 March 2013); Deputy Prime Minister SURAPHONG Towijakchaikun also spelled SURAPONG Tovichakchaikul (since 28 October 2012); Deputy Prime Minister YUKHON Limiaemthong (since 25 March 2013)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers
note: there is also a Privy Council advising the king
Elections: the monarchy is hereditary; according to the 2007 constitution, the prime minister is elected from among members of the House of Representatives; following national elections for the House of Representatives, the leader of the party positioned to organize a majority coalition usually becomes prime minister by appointment by the king; the prime minister is limited to two four-year terms
Legislative branch:
bicameral National Assembly or Rathasapha consisted of the Senate or Wuthisapha (150 seats; 77 members elected by popular vote representing 77 provinces, 73 appointed by judges and independent government bodies; members serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Sapha Phuthaen Ratsadon (500 seats; 375 members elected from 375 single-seat constituencies and 125 elected on proportional party-list basis; members serve four-year terms)
Elections: Senate - last held on 2 March 2008 (next to be held in March 2014); House of Representatives - last election held on 3 July 2011 (next to be held by July 2015)
Election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PTP 265, DP 159, PJT 34, CTP 19, others 23
note: 74 senators were appointed on 19 February 2008 by a seven-member committee headed by the chief of the Constitutional Court; 76 senators were elected on 2 March 2008; elections to the Senate are non-partisan; registered political party members are disqualified from being senators
Judicial branch:
Highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the court president, 6 vice-presidents, and NA judges and organized into civil and criminal divisions); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 8 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (the number of judges determined by the Judicial Commission of the Administrative Courts)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges selected by the Judicial Commission of the Courts of Justice and approved by the monarch; judges' terms NA; Constitutional Court justices - 3 judges drawn from the Supreme Court, 2 judges drawn from the Administrative Court, and 4 judge candidates selected by the Selective Committee for Judges of the Constitutional Court and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed by the monarch to serve single 9-year terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the Judicial Commission of the Administrative Courts and appointed by the monarch; judge tenure NA
Subordinate courts: courts of first instance and appeals courts within both the judicial and administrative systems; military courts
Political parties and leaders:
Chat Pattana Party or CPN (Nation Development Party [WANNARAT Channukul]
Chat Thai Phattana Party or CTP (Thai Nation Development Party) [THAWORN Jampa-ngoen (acting)]
Mahachon Party or Mass Party [APHIRAT Sirinawin]
Matubhum Party (Motherland Party [SONTHI Bunyaratkalin]
Phalang Chon Party (People [Chonburi] Power Party) [CHAO Maneewong]
Phumjai (Bhumjai) Thai Party or PJT (Thai Pride) [ANUTIN Charnvirakul]
Prachathipat Party or DP (Democrat Party) [ABHISIT Wechachiwa, also spelled ABHISIT Vejjajiva]
Prachathipathai Mai Party (New Democrat Party) [SURATIN Phijarn]
Puea Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP [CHARUPHONG Rueangsusan also spelled JARUPONG Ruangsuwan]
Rak Prathet Thai Party (Love Thailand Party) [CHUWIT Kamonwisit]
Rak Santi Party (Peace Conservation Party) [THAWIL Surachetphong]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Multicolor Group
People's Alliance for Democracy or PAD
United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or UDD
International organization participation:
ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BIS, CD, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Chief of mission: Ambassador CHAIYONG Satchiphanon (also spelled CHAIYONG Satjipanon)
Chancery: 1024 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 401, Washington, DC 20007
Telephone: [1] (202) 944-3600
Consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Chief of mission: Ambassador Kristie A. KENNEY
Embassy: 120-122 Wireless Road, Bangkok 10330
Mailing address: APO AP 96546
Telephone: [66] (2) 205-4000
Consulate(s) general: Chiang Mai
National symbol(s):
garuda (mythical half-man, half-bird figure); elephant
National anthem:
Name: "Phleng Chat Thai" (National Anthem of Thailand)
note: music adopted 1932, lyrics adopted 1939; by law, people are required to stand for the national anthem at 0800 and 1800 every day; the anthem is played in schools, offices, theaters, and on television and radio during this time; "Phleng Sansasoen Phra Barami" (A Salute to the Monarch) serves as the royal anthem and is played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies
Economy - overview:
With a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, generally pro-investment policies, and strong export industries, Thailand achieved steady growth due largely to industrial and agriculture exports - mostly electronics, agricultural commodities, automobiles and parts, and processed foods. Thailand is trying to maintain growth by encouraging domestic consumption and public investment to offset weak exports in 2012. Unemployment, at less than 1% of the labor force, stands as one of the lowest levels in the world, which puts upward pressure on wages in some industries. Thailand also attracts nearly 2.5 million migrant workers from neighboring countries. The Thai government is implementing a nation-wide 300 baht ($10) per day minimum wage policy and deploying new tax reforms designed to lower rates on middle-income earners. The Thai economy has weathered internal and external economic shocks in recent years. The global economic crisis severely cut Thailand's exports, with most sectors experiencing double-digit drops. In 2009, the economy contracted 2.3%. However, in 2010, Thailand's economy expanded 7.8%, its fastest pace since 1995, as exports rebounded. In late 2011 growth was interrupted by historic flooding in the industrial areas in Bangkok and its five surrounding provinces, crippling the manufacturing sector. Industry recovered from the second quarter of 2012 onward with GDP growth at 5.5% in 2012. The government has approved flood mitigation projects worth $11.7 billion, which were started in 2012, to prevent similar economic damage, and an additional $75 billion for infrastructure over the next seven years with a plan to start in 2013.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$662.6 billion (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 25
$622.5 billion (2011 est.)
$622 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$365.6 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
6.4% (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 39
0.1% (2011 est.)
7.8% (2010 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$10,300 (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 116
$9,700 (2011 est.)
$9,700 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
30.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 24
28.3% of GDP (2011 est.)
29.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use:
Household consumption: 55.3%
Government consumption: 13.6%
Investment in fixed capital: 28.5%
Investment in inventories: 1.2%
Exports of goods and services: 75%
Imports of goods and services: -73.8%
(2012 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Agriculture: 12.3%
Industry: 43.6%
Services: 44.2% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
rice, cassava (manioc), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans
tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer
Industrial production growth rate:
7.2% (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 25
Labor force:
39.41 million (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 17
Labor force - by occupation:
Agriculture: 38.2%
Industry: 13.6%
Services: 48.2% (2011 est.)
Unemployment rate:
0.7% (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 4
0.7% (2011 est.)
Population below poverty line:
7.8% (2010 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Lowest 10%: 2.8%
Highest 10%: 31.5% (2009 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
53.6 (2009)
Country comparison to the world: 12
42 (2002)
Revenues: $71.4 billion
Expenditures: $88.03 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
19.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 168
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-4.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 160
Public debt:
44.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 77
40.3% of GDP (2011 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
Fiscal year:
1 October - 30 September
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3% (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 92
3.8% (2011 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
2.75% (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 101
3.25% (31 December 2011 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
7.1% (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 127
6.91% (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
$52.18 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 46
$44.63 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of broad money:
$488.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 22
$429.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
$480.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 26
$403.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$245 billion (31 December 2012)
Country comparison to the world: 32
$230.9 billion (31 December 2011)
$218.7 billion (31 December 2010)
Current account balance:
-$2.728 billion (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 147
$5.889 billion (2011 est.)
$226.2 billion (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 26
$219.1 billion (2011 est.)
Exports - commodities:
electronics, computer parts, automobiles and parts, electrical appliances, machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear, fishery products, rice, rubber
Exports - partners:
China 11.7%, Japan 10.2%, US 9.9%, Hong Kong 5.7%, Malaysia 5.4%, Indonesia 4.9%, Singapore 4.7%, Australia 4.3% (2012)
$217.8 billion (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 25
$202.1 billion (2011 est.)
Imports - commodities:
capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels
Imports - partners:
Japan 20%, China 14.9%, UAE 6.3%, Malaysia 5.3%, US 5.3% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$181.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 17
$175.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Debt - external:
$133.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 42
$104.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$159.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 28
$150.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$51.59 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 37
$40.65 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Exchange rates:
baht per US dollar -
31.083 (2012 est.)
30.492 (2011 est.)
31.686 (2010 est.)
34.286 (2009)
33.37 (2008)
Electricity - production:
173.3 billion kWh (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 24
Electricity - consumption:
169.4 billion kWh (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 22
Electricity - exports:
1.535 billion kWh (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 46
Electricity - imports:
9.575 billion kWh (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 23
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
32.6 million kW (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 25
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
89% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 77
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 182
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
10.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 113
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
0.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 87
Crude oil - production:
213,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 39
Crude oil - exports:
32,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 50
Crude oil - imports:
793,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 14
Crude oil - proved reserves:
442 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 52
Refined petroleum products - production:
913,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 23
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
721,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 25
Refined petroleum products - exports:
192,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 33
Refined petroleum products - imports:
41,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 73
Natural gas - production:
28.21 billion cu m (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 30
Natural gas - consumption:
45.08 billion cu m (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 20
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 186
Natural gas - imports:
8.81 billion cu m (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 26
Natural gas - proved reserves:
299.8 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 39
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
278.5 million Mt (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 21
Telephones - main lines in use:
6.661 million (2011)
Country comparison to the world: 28
Telephones - mobile cellular:
77.605 million (2011)
Country comparison to the world: 18
Telephone system:
General assessment: high quality system, especially in urban areas like Bangkok
Domestic: fixed line system provided by both a government-owned and commercial provider; wireless service expanding rapidly
International: country code - 66; connected to major submarine cable systems providing links throughout Asia, Australia, Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Pacific Ocean) (2011)
Broadcast media:
6 terrestrial TV stations in Bangkok broadcast nationally via relay stations - 2 of the networks are owned by the military, the other 4 are government-owned or controlled, leased to private enterprise, and all are required to broadcast government-produced news programs twice a day; multi-channel satellite and cable TV subscription services are available; radio frequencies have been allotted for more than 500 government and commercial radio stations; many small community radio stations operate with low-power transmitters (2008)
Internet country code:
Internet hosts:
3.399 million (2012)
Country comparison to the world: 31
Internet users:
17.483 million (2009)
Country comparison to the world: 23
101 (2013)
Country comparison to the world: 56
Airports - with paved runways:
Total: 63
Over 3,047 m: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 23
914 to 1,523 m: 14
Under 914 m: 6 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Total: 38
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 10
Under 914 m:
26 (2013)
7 (2013)
condensate 2 km; gas 5,900 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1 km; refined products 1,097 km (2013)
Total: 4,071 km
Country comparison to the world: 42
Standard gauge: 29 km 1.435-m gauge (29 km electrified)
Narrow gauge: 4,042 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)
Total: 180,053 km (includes 450 km of expressways) (2006)
Country comparison to the world: 28
4,000 km (3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m) (2011)
Country comparison to the world: 26
Merchant marine:
Total: 363
Country comparison to the world: 28
By type: bulk carrier 31, cargo 99, chemical tanker 28, container 18, liquefied gas 36, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 10, petroleum tanker 114, refrigerated cargo 24, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 1
Foreign-owned: 13 (China 1, Hong Kong 1, Malaysia 3, Singapore 1, Taiwan 1, UK 6)
Registered in other countries: 46 (Bahamas 4, Belize 1, Honduras 2, Panama 6, Singapore 33) (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Map Ta Phut, Prachuap Port, Si Racha
Military branches:
Royal Thai Army (Kongthap Bok Thai, RTA), Royal Thai Navy (Kongthap Ruea Thai, RTN, includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force (Kongthap Agard Thai, RTAF) (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
21 years of age for compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; males register at 18 years of age; 2-year conscript service obligation (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Males age 16-49: 17,689,921
Females age 16-49: 17,754,795 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Males age 16-49: 13,308,372
Females age 16-49: 14,182,567 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Male: 533,424
Female: 509,780 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.8% of GDP (2005 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 81
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international:
separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Malay-Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem insurgent activities; Southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; talks continue on completion of demarcation with Laos but disputes remain over several islands in the Mekong River; despite continuing border committee talks, Thailand must deal with Karen and other ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011 Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a planned UN World Heritage site; Thailand is studying the feasibility of jointly constructing the Hatgyi Dam on the Salween river near the border with Burma; in 2004, international environmentalist pressure prompted China to halt construction of 13 dams on the Salween River that flows through China, Burma, and Thailand; 140,000 mostly Karen refugees fleeing civil strife, political upheaval and economic stagnation in Burma live in remote camps in Thailand near the border
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Refugees (country of origin): 83,317 (Burma) (2012)
IDPs: undetermined (resurgence in ethno-nationalist violence in south of country since 2004) (2011)
Stateless persons: 506,197 (2012); note - about half of Thailand's northern hill tribe people do not have citizenship and make up the bulk of Thailand's stateless population; most lack documentation showing they or one of their parents were born in Thailand; children born to Burmese refugees are not eligible for Burmese or Thai citizenship and are stateless; most Chao Lay, maritime nomadic peoples, who travel from island to island in the Andaman Sea west of Thailand are also stateless; stateless Rohingya refugees from Burma are considered illegal migrants by Thai authorities and are detained in inhumane conditions or expelled; stateless persons are denied access to voting, property, education, employment, healthcare, and driving
Trafficking in persons:
Current situation: Thailand is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; victims, who are most often from neighboring countries, especially Burma, and also China, Vietnam, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Fiji, migrate to Thailand in search of economic opportunities but are forced, coerced, or defrauded into labor or commercial sexual exploitation; forced laborers are exploited in fishing, low-end garment production, domestic service, and some are forced to beg; some men forced to work on fishing boats have reportedly been kept at sea for years; sex trafficking of Thai and migrant children and sex tourism remain significant problems; Thailand is a transit country for victims from North Korea, China, Vietnam, Pakistan, and Burma destined for exploitation in third countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Russia, the Republic of Korea, the US, and Western European countries
Tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Thailand does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; the government investigated more trafficking-related cases but prosecuted and convicted fewer trafficking offender in 2012 than it did in the previous year; widespread corruption among law enforcement personnel creates an enabling environment for human trafficking; local authorities lack an awareness of the elements of trafficking and are deficient at identifying and protecting victims; weak law enforcement, inadequate human and financial resources, and fragmented coordination among regulatory agencies in the fishing industry contributes to overall impunity for exploitive labor practices in this sector; no labor recruitment companies have been punished for forced labor or trafficking allegations (2013)
Illicit drugs:
a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; transit point for illicit heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in methamphetamine production for regional consumption; major consumer of methamphetamine since the 1990s despite a series of government crackdowns
Flag of Thailand
Flag description:
five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red; the red color symbolizes the nation and the blood of life; white represents religion and the purity of Buddhism; blue stands for the monarchy
note: similar to the flag of Costa Rica but with the blue and red colors reversed


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Show off your little cub's team allegiance for Da Bears with this Infant Cutler Home Jersey! With Screened on number and name, and side vents for breathability, maybe your tike could be the next great QB!
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Stardream Metallic - 28X40 Full Size Paper - RUBY - 105lb Cover (284gsm)
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Stardream Metallic Large Size Card Stock Paper
Stardream is a distinctive range of metallic, iridescent and pearlescent text and cover papers. These Shimmer Metallics are Machinemade in Italy, color on both sides and they represent a full array of popular colors and tones. This exclusive range of metallic and pearlescent colorful paper has been expressly created to give a shimmer affect to any project calling for attention.
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eta I always thought angels were not linked to humans but my Dads name is John.
Edited by Mummyone1, 16 November 2012 - 10:56 PM.
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Mum's message to son after Manchester attack
The horrific terrorist attack in Manchester, killing 22 people and injuring many others, including children, has impacted people throughout the world.
Bonds announces new personalised Zippy onesies
Now you can have your baby or toddler's name printed on their Bonds Zippys.
Mum's warning about Owlet monitor after baby receives burn
A mum has taken to Facebook to warn parents of the dangers of a popular baby monitor after her daughter sustained a burn to her foot.
The new advice on when to give juice to young children
Children under the age of one should not be given fruit juice, according to new advice issued by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
'Mummy, put your phone away': one mum's wake-up call
One of the weirdest things about your little kids getting older, I find, is when they start to be able to hold full conversations with you.
Aspirin being used to treat pre-eclampsia
Aspirin and early detection are helping to save the lives of Australian women and babies at risk of dying from the pregnancy complication pre-eclampsia.
Postnatal depletion: what is it and how can we recover?
Some mums are left physically and emotionally depleted, with nothing left to give, long after giving birth.
'Flushing' blocked fallopian tubes can improve fertility, study finds
A technique that effectively "unblocks" a woman's fallopian tubes by flushing them with liquid to help her conceive has been used for decades, with varying levels of success. Now a study has confirmed that the method significantly improves fertility, and that a certain type of fluid – one that is oil-based rather than water-based – shows strong results.
Watch these pregnant mothers make their bellies disappear
Chances are you've heard of body pump, but have you heard of belly pump?
The initiative to help job-hunting mums explain the 'resume gap'
It's a common problem faced by mums returning to work after an extended period of maternity leave. How do I account for the gap that years at home caring for babies has left in my resume?
Every parent will relate to this dad's hilariously messy 'pooplosion' tale
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Becoming a parent is full of surprises – not least of all finding out that, for such small beings, babies cause a lot of chaos and expense.
5 ways to prepare to go from two incomes to one
Here are some ideas for getting that budget in shape, ready for being a one income family.
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Sony Over-Ear Headphones Information
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The Sony MDRs are one pair of the numerous Sony headphones to utilize 7.1 channel Dolby Digital surround sound which allows you to hear even the quietest whispers. The Sony exclusive Virtual Phones Technology provides superior sound imaging.
Sony also offers wired headsets that come both with inline remotes and without. The Sony MDR-1RNC offers a noise canceling design and inline volume controls great for traveling or just shutting out any unwanted noise. The open-back design of the Sony MDR-MA900s allows for sound waves to naturally dissipate. Acoustic bass lenses provide the MA900 an unprecedented level of bass for an open-back pair of headphones.
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No matter your lifestyle or preference, Sony has a pair of over-ear headphones to match your needs, and we have them all at sonicelectronix.com!
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A Cozy Mountain Escape Near Asheville
Honey Hill Inn & Cabins • Candler, NC
Escape Kit
- A Two-Night Stay for Two Adults in a Queen Room in the Inn ($217) or in the Cherokee Cabin ($252)
- Or, a Two-Night Stay for Up to Four Adults in the Mt. Mitchell Cabin ($359)
- Daily Breakfast for Each Guest
- Bottle of Red or White Wine Upon Arrival
- $10 Off Biltmore Estate Tickets for Each Guest
- Fresh-Baked Snack and Beverages for Each Guest
- Bundle of Firewood for Cabin Stays
An Appalachian getaway can be a bit of a balancing act: You want an isolated, rustic mountain cabin, and your better half wants a quaint B&B with all its associated charms.
Tip the scales in both your favors with an Escape to Honey Hill Inn & Cabins, an 1885 Victorian inn with six cabins situated on 12 acres. The inn comprises five light-filled rooms, each appointed with period furnishings, a plush queen-size bed, and a sitting nook. Most also feature hardwood floors and a fireplace. The Cherokee and Mt. Mitchell log cabins sit atop a hill overlooking the inn, boasting stellar mountain views from the porch outside. Both are equipped with a stone fireplace, hardwood floors, and a jetted bathtub—perfect for warming up after an outdoor adventure.
Just 15 minutes from downtown Asheville and the Biltmore Estate, and nestled in the Blue Ridge Mountains, Honey Hill proves it is the best of both worlds not only in accommodations, but also in location. It's just a few minutes' drive from the Cataloochee Ski Area, which features 17 trails catering to beginner and intermediate skiers. Then experience the glamour and expanse of the Biltmore Estate—known as America's largest home—then head into Asheville to check peruse the bustling Portico Market in the Grove Arcade, and the fresh, Southern farm-to-table fare at Early Girl Eatery.
"Our visit to Honey Hill was a pure delight. We were close to the activities we wanted to attend in Asheville, and we were able to retreat to an amazing mountain getaway only a few easy miles away."-- BedandBreakfast.com
escapes 30-day promise
LivingSocial gives you up to 30 days to return your unused voucher for a full refund. Once you've made a reservation, you are subject to the merchant's cancellation and refund policy. If you want to secure your preferred dates of travel, we strongly recommend that you complete reservation with the merchant within 30 days of your purchase—after that, LivingSocial will not issue any refunds.
the fine print
- Limit 1 voucher per reservation; vouchers cannot be combined to extend stay
- Valid for travel February 1 - April 30, 2013
- Reservations required and subject to availability; reservations must be booked by February 1, 2013
- Not valid on group or existing reservations
- Merchant cancellation/re-scheduling policy of 1 week applies; voucher subject to forfeiture
- Blackout dates are February 14-16
- Adults only, you must be at least 18 years old to purchase and redeem the promotion
- Cherokee Cabin and Queen Rooms are based on double occupancy. Mt. Mitchell cabin accommodates 4 people
- Queen Room package may upgrade to a King room for an additional fee due at time of booking; subject to availability
- Taxes/Resort fees not included; will be collected at redemption
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- All deal components must be redeemed during one stay
- Other conditions apply • PAID AND PROMOTIONAL VALUES EXPIRES ON April 30, 2013 • PAID VALUE DOES NOT EXPIRE • PAID VALUE EXPIRES ON April 30, 2018 • PROMOTIONAL VALUE EXPIRES ON April 30, 2013 • Enjoy By April 30, 2013
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text:
UN.GIFT Publications
Vienna Forum From Protection to Prosecution
2010-09-07 15:42:00.0
Download right click "save as"
This is a background paper for the workshop that approached the issue of protection for the victims of human trafficking during the Vienna Forum. Protection and support measures for trafficked victims are not only necessary to respond to the violations of the victims rights, but also to support the law enforcement response to human trafficking. Adequate laws should be in place to punish the traffickers and victim protection and support measures should be implemented under national policy responses to human trafficking to respond to the exploitation suffered by trafficked victims.


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A universal noun/verb/adjective that can mean absolutely anything. The opposite of bnaitflop. Similar to smurfy, although bshonlop can represent any part of speech excluding the article, much like the explitive.
You're such a bshonlop. I bshonloped your mom last night. You want to hang out and bshonlop those Starcraft bums?
by BigCow March 24, 2004


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Where Can I Hack
However I have downloaded some BT manuals off the internet.
i am ccna certified.
Any ideas on how I can progress?
General discussion of ethical hacking concepts, experiences, ideas and certs.
Grendel wrote:Thanks for suggesting my book! :)
Here's a link to the de-ice VM images. There is also a video on setting up a lab on the page as well:
hayabusa wrote:Well, it IS useful, and I recommend it to a lot of folks I know, as a starting point for their labs. BTW, glad you're doing better, and good to see more of you, on here, again, Thomas!
H1t M0nk3y wrote:+1 for Thomas/Grendel's book: Professional Penetration Testing
I believe it is the only book on my self that I have read cover to cover (well, almost). It's an excellent book and I recommend it to.
This book got me started, so create job Thomas. I am considering your hacking dojo course later this year just because I liked your book!
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text:
UN.GIFT Publications
Egypt National Action Plan 2011-2013-arabic
2011-09-20 12:20:21.0
Download right click "save as"
Human trafficking represents a grave violation of human rights and human dignity. Many describe it as modern-day slavery. Every year millions of persons mainly women and children are trafficked all over the world for the purpose of exploitation. Human trafficking affects Egypt as any other global problem. Egypt's location, at a juncture between the continents of Africa and Asia and between the Mediterranean and Red Seas, places Egypt as a transit country for human trafficking.


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Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
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These letters are definitely something to write home about. Spell out a name, a word of encouragement or even supercalifragilisticexpialidocious. Good luck with that last one.
O Magnificent Metal Letter 12"Wx2.5"Dx12"H
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Candace please be the last knock knock joke?
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relantel wrote:shafnutz05 wrote:Pavel you are killing me here brah
Shaf, imagine the call of the 79 Daytona 500, re Allison and Yarborough on the backstretch. "They know they've lost". Just a matter of which one of you pulled it off.
Haha, I appreciate that you are still trying to push doubt on us.


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A villain from the Dragonball Z OVA Plan to Destroy the Saiyans which was only realesed in Japan. He was the most brillant scientest of the Tsufuru-jin race who was bent on destroying all of the saiyans for destroying his race. He is also the creator of the monster machine Hachihyakku.
by AkatoshsServent August 18, 2007


text:
A dripping or damp appendage used to scrape garbage from the wings of she-devil squirrel-hounds that forage for fruit in the deep caverns of the planet Uranaus.
My schmop is dripping with schmegma now that we have furiosly scrubbed out the crevices from the wings of the she-devil squirrel-hounds that forage on the fruit of Uranus.
by Dr. Phuckalatpuss December 13, 2007


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The Annoying and Incredible ability for every news outlet in Columbus, Ohio to find a connection to their shithole state to world events.
"Next at 11--the Ohio Connection, a recent Nobel Prize winner stayed in Dayton once in 1970."
"Wow, that was a blatant Ohio Connection"
"Wow, that was a blatant Ohio Connection"
by TheFoXXX March 13, 2009


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Archive for the 'Emilio Rojas' Category
Hot Hip Hop Download
This encyclopedic comics history of the formative years of hip hop captures the vivid personalities and magnetic performances of old-school pioneers and early stars like DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, plus the charismatic players behind the scenes like Russell Simmons; Debbie Harry, Keith Haring and other luminaries make cameos.The lore of the early days of hip hop has become the stuff of myth, so what better way to document this fascinating, epic true story than in another great American mythological medium ? the comic book? From exciting young talent and self-proclaimed hip hop nerd Ed Piskor, acclaimed for his hacker graphic novel Wizzywig, comes this explosively entertaining, encyclopedic history of the formative years of the music genre that changed global culture. Originally serialized on the hugely popular website Boing Boing, The Hip Hop Family Tree is now collected in a single volume cleverly presented and packaged in a style mimicking the Marvel comics of the same era. Piskor's exuberant yet controlled cartooning takes you from the parks and rec rooms of the South Bronx to the night clubs, recording studios, and radio stations where the scene started to boom, capturing the flavor of late-1970s New York City in panels bursting with obsessively authentic detail. With a painstaking, vigorous and engaging Ken Burns meets- Stan Lee approach, the battles and rivalries, the technical innovations, the triumphs and failures are all thoroughly researched and lovingly depicted. plus the charismatic players behind the scenes like Russell Simmons, Sylvia Robinson and then-punker Rick Rubin. Piskor also traces graffiti master Fab 5 Freddy's rise in the art world, and Debbie Harry, Keith Haring, The Clash, and other luminaries make cameos as the music and culture begin to penetrate downtown Manhattan and the mainstream at large. Like the acclaimed hip hop documentaries Style Wars and Scratch, The Hip Hop Family Tree is an exciting and essential cultural chronicle and a must for hip hop fans, pop-culture addicts, and anyone who wants to know how it went down back in the day. Full color
Discover the first truly authentic hip-hop experience in the dance game category. The Hip Hop Dance Experience invites you to perform over 700 dance moves inspired by top celebrity choreographers to hip-hop's biggest hits. With a variety of unique game modes, including fun multiplayer parties and dance battles, The Hip Hop Dance Experience is the ultimate way to drop it like it hot with all your favorite hits.
Ever wonder how someone can go to sleep in public housing and wake up in a mansion seemingly overnight? Having worked 25 years in the Hip-Hop music industry and witnessed firsthand the inner workings of the fame machine up close; I personally KNOW entertainers that are now or were employed by the Illuminati who promised them fame, money and power if they "sold out." This book reveals those who sold out and those who didn't.
Shaun T will show you his Tilt, Tuck & Tighten technique for six-pack abs and burning the fat off your entire body. Don't worry if you can't dance, Shaun T will teach you his moves, step by step, and you'll be ready to hit the clubs in your hot, new body in no time. With Hip Hop Abs, you'll get flat, sexy abs without ever doing a single crunch or sit-up. Hip Hop Abs includes 10 total workouts on 3 DVDs including 3 bonus workouts and 3 bonus Learn to Dance with Shaun T routines, Step-by-Step Nutrition Guide, 30-Day Workout Calendar, Measurement card & Tape measure, Results on the Run Diet Guide, and 6-Day SlimDown Plan.
Hip Hop Music : Emilio Rojas – Breaking Point
06 – I Thought You Knew (David Nail)
Emilio Rojas – Breaking Point
Emilio Rojas – Middle Finger (Prod. By M-Phazes)
Emilio Rojas – Pimpin ft Dave Young (Prod. By J.U.S.T.I.C.E League)
Emilio Rojas – Take A Good Look Around feat.
Emilio Rojas ft Emanny – One Last Time
Emilio Rojas Ft Nikkiya-Blame Me


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Staub Cast-Iron Round Cocotte
- Summary
Special Offer: With the purchase of a Staub Cast Iron oven, braiser or sauce pan of $200 or more, receive your choice of Staub Finial via mail in coupon through 7/31/2017. Print Coupon
Staub's innovative enamel coating takes cast-iron cooking to the next level with improved performance, style and durability. Heavy lids to seal in moisture paired with heat-retaining cast iron make this oven ideal for slow cooking homemade chili or a hearty stew.
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- Specially formulated black matte interior enamel contains traces of quartz, giving it additional heat resistance and a textured surface that results in better browning.
- Dozens of precisely placed bumps on the lid's interior funnel evaporated juices directly back down on top of the food for more even basting.
- Dishwasher safe.
- Made in France.
- Dimensions & More Info
- 2 3/4-Quart: 8 1/4" diam., 3 3/4" high; 9 lb. with lid.
- 4-Quart: 9 1/2" diam., 4 1/2" high; 10 lb. 8 oz. with lid.
- 5 1/2-Quart: 10" diam., 4 1/2" high; 12 lb. with lid.
- 7-Quart: 11" diam., 5 1/4" high; 15 lb. 15 oz. with lid.
- 9-Quart: 12" diam., 5 1/2" high; 17 lb. 5 oz. with lid.
- 13 1/4-Quart: 13 1/2" diam., 6 1/2" high; 22 lb. 10 oz. with lid.
Additional Information
- Smooth enameled base is compatible with all cooktops, including induction.
- Extra-heavy lid seals in moisture for tender, flavorful results.
- Lid knob on Red, Sapphire Blue, Basil, Graphite and Emerald pieces is made of nickel-plated brass; lid knob on Black Matte is brass.
- Made in France.
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- Ideal for use on any cooktop, including induction.
- Oven and broiler safe up to 500°F.
- For best results use low to medium heat.
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- Allow pan to cool before washing.
- Dishwasher safe.
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A woman of short stature, often seen wearing extremely mis-matching outfits often consisting of men's blazers and skirts worn up to the chest. Is usually found lurking at lectures and the occasional Xena expo. Easy to spot by the electric green eye shaddow.
by Sally S Sch. September 11, 2007


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Home » Solo » DUTTON, PAUL : Mouth Pieces
DUTTON, PAUL : Mouth Pieces
With Phil Minton, Jaap Blonk, Bob Cobbing, Dutton is one of the very few solo vocal improvisers - here he goes through the range from throat singing, noise and sung/spoken word. For me, more informative than aesthetic. But he's one of the leaders in his field.
Code: OHM/AVTR021
Price: £13.00


text: The HSSC department is pleased to welcome Mr. Michael Liebler to the College of Arts and Sciences. He received his B.A. and M.A.T. at Oakland University. His interests include poetry readings, workshops, and performances at various colleges and schools, including schools in Tel Aviv, Israel, and the West Bank and Gaza. Mr. Liebler is a member of the Associated Writing Programs, American Association of University Professors, and Poetry Society of Michigan. He will be teaching English Composition in the Fall 2012. We welcome Mr. Liebler to the department.


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text: I'm a music and sports nut who enjoys underwater basket weaving and things that don't make me think too hard. I'm on the radio in Abilene and specialize in making those little things you hear in between songs, commercials, and being lazy. I am married to a wonderful woman and together we have enough kids to start a small town.


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CISSP vs GSEC
The CISSP seems to be more popular however but the GSEC seems to be right up there. What do you guys recommend?
General discussion on certifications not mentioned in sub-boards of the main categories below.
Dark_Knight wrote:If you had to do it again, would you do the GSEC before the CISSP?
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From: sackatomatoInterests: tikis, tiki mugs and tiki artWebsite - Tiki Central Profile
i have some photos of my collection on instagram. user name: kingstiedye
all photos by gecko and munktiki used with permission.
New to Ooga-Mooga?
Learn how to get your mug collection in Ooga-Mooga -- it's fast & easy!


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Scroll through the photos to see the weddings and anniversaries featured in the Press on Jan. 6.
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Copyright © 2017
The LaFollette Press is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Campbell County and LaFollette, TN, and the surrounding area.


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All-Weather - Army Cap
Inspired by military attire, the army cap shape has became popular fashion trend in recent years. With stars like Eminem regularly seen rocking the style, it's no wonder the look has taken off in recent years. The army cap provides a nice break from the traditional baseball cap that is a bit less casual and a little more fashionable. We offer a great selection of army caps from some of the finest headwear brands like Kangol and Bailey of Hollywood.
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CISSP CPE's
I currently go to and speak at Security Cons but I wanted to know what others do. Also do you feel watching Videos of recent Security Cons would count for CPE's and if not what if the Con is running the talks via streaming media would it count then as attending.
Let me know what you guys/gals think.


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A guy on youtube that wears and ski mask, listens to hip hop and drinks malt liquor every day and uploads it to youtube. He is a malt liquor king and always promotes malt liquor like the companys paying him. Also referred to as SWW he is well known in the youtube drinking community (YDC)
SWW: label out so the viewers at home know your drinking malt liquor (takes a drink) delicious......Malt Liquor !
Viewer at home: Classic Steeleworldwide
Viewer at home: Classic Steeleworldwide
by Random2605OnYoutube May 08, 2011


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sights unseen
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra
14 July – 22 October 2006
The site where the National Gallery of Australia stands is on the traditional lands of the Ngambri and Ngunnawal people and I am pleased to pay tribute to the original peoples of this region.
Officially opened in 1982, the National Gallery of Australia is one of the newest fine art museums in Australia. Its holdings, however, date back to the late 1950s and include early recognition of the significance of work by Australia's Indigenous artists.
As in other, older public art and socio-historical museums throughout Australia, the first Indigenous works acquired as works of art, not ethnographic objects, were watercolours from Hermannsburg in the Northern Territory. In 1959, pencil drawings and watercolours by the Hermannsburg school of watercolourists, including the renowned Arrernte artist, Albert Namatjira (1902–1959), were acquired for the national collection. Today, the National Gallery of Australia's Indigenous collection spans nearly two centuries of Indigenous arts/cultural practice and consists of almost 5000 works, comprising bark paintings, paintings, sculpture, weavings, textiles, photomedia and works on paper. The earliest work, a shield from the south-eastern region of Australia, is dated to the early 1800s.
Photography and new media by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artists have been important components of this collection since the late 1980s. The exhibition, Re-take: Contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander photography (1998), highlighted the collecting work undertaken by both the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Photography departments. Following its opening at the National Gallery of Australia, the exhibition toured nationally. Michael Riley's work was an essential part of that exhibition and, since his work was first acquired in 1990, we have been building upon his representation in the collection.
Michael Riley: sights unseen is one of the most significant exhibitions of Indigenous art to be held at the National Gallery of Australia. A major retrospective of one of the country's leading Indigenous contemporary artists, it is the first exhibition to focus on the career of an Aboriginal artist from the south-east of Australia. Previous retrospectives have honoured the work of Dr David Daymirringu Malangi (2004), Albert Namatjira (2002), Rover Thomas (Joolama) (1994) and George Milpurrurru (1993).
One of the most important contemporary Indigenous visual artists of the past two decades, Michael Riley's contribution to the urban-based Indigenous visual arts industry was substantial. His film and video work challenged non-Indigenous perceptions of Indigenous experience, particularly those of the most disenfranchised communities in the eastern region of Australia. Over 20 years, he built a steady and consistent body of work, ranging from black-and-white portraiture through to film and video, conceptual work, and digital media.
Michael Riley: sights unseen reveals the prolific talents of a quiet observer, whose photomedia, video and film continue to have a profound effect on our contemporary representation and comprehension of Indigenous Australia. The exhibition and this accompanying publication bring together a comprehensive body of work, charting the vision and experience of one of the country's most important Indigenous visual artists, and chronicling a period of intense cultural development and achievement. The exhibition and publication not only profile Riley's most recognised photomedia, films and video work, but also present many images previously unseen in the public domain.
Significant projects require substantial funding, and we have been very fortunate to secure support for both the retrospective exhibition and the publication of this book in the form of a grant from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Arts Board of the Australia Council. We have also received support-in-kind from the Michael Riley Foundation and Boomalli Aboriginal Artists Co-operative: the former organisation responsible for ensuring that Michael Riley's legacy is maintained; the latter intrinsically linked with the life and career of one of its founding members and former Chairman.
The contributions from Michael's many family members, friends and colleagues must be acknowledged – we greatly appreciate their support and enthusiasm. I also wish to pay tribute to my predecessor, Dr Brian Kennedy, for his initial support for this project. Thanks also to all the staff of the National Gallery of Australia who contributed to the success of this project. I would also like to thank the staff of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Department, and Gael Newton, Senior Curator, International and Australian Photography, who has been an advisor to this significant project. Finally, I wish to thank the curator of this exhibition, Brenda L. Croft, Senior Curator, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art. Drawing as it does on her long friendship with Michael Riley, this project has been both an extremely personal and professional undertaking.
The exhibition has been generously sponsored by the newly formed National Gallery of Australia Council Exhibitions Fund, a bold initiative of this Gallery Council to bolster support the exhibition program.
We hope that Michael Riley: sights unseen will generate a greater awareness of the multi-faceted career of one of Australia's most outstanding contemporary Indigenous artists. In doing so, the exhibition highlights the ongoing innovation of contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander visual art and culture and the extraordinary contribution it makes to Australian life.
Ron Radford
It is enormously humbling to have been invited by the National Gallery of Australia to provide this introduction for the catalogue to accompany the exhibition, Michael Riley: sights unseen.
I loved Michael and still think of him many times everyday. He was my soul mate, 'little brother', uncle to my children and dear friend. When I think of Michael, I remember him driving me rather alarmingly to the hospital for the birth of my eldest child, Binni. I see his artistic spirit that he nurtured in my daughter, Willurai.
Michael was a funny, complex person. We would sit together for many hours, neither of us feeling the need to talk. As taciturn as he could be, we all adored him, as did our collective offspring. They picked up on his mischievousness. They all had a funny story about Uncle Micky. His lack of patience underpins most of them: like the time he was trying to book a cab on a voice-animated system – Michael yelling at the machine and slamming the phone down using language that could only be described as 'blue'; or the time he was taking Ben, Binni and Willurai to the beach and got stuck on the roundabout near Sydney Airport. The kids still laugh their heads off about these incidences.
I met Michael in Sydney in 1977 – he was about 16 or 17. He became one of the 'little brothers' in a wonderful network of friends, colleagues, relatives and share houses. Little did I know then how close we would become, how talented he was, and how unfair and painfully short his life would be. Friendship with Michael was based on loyalty and reciprocity. Being friends with Michael was forever. He was a shocking gossip but knew how to keep important secrets.
Michael has an amazing family radiating out through Wiradjuri country on his father's, Allen's, side and Kamilaroi country on his mother's, Dot's, side. Dubbo and Moree were his towns.
There was an 'otherness' about this Wiradjuri–Kamilaroi man. Michael saw things we could not. This 'otherness' is so clear in his art, capturing a look, gathering light, reflecting pain, survival and challenge. The sheer beauty of Michael's landscapes, portraits and films are all bound up in narratives of the most powerful kind.
It was from Michael Riley I learnt a fundamental element about Aboriginality and the making of art. He taught me it's the making that's important, not necessarily the monetary value of the finished product. It is the telling of a story about culture and our experience.
Michael Riley: sights unseen is about two things. It is about the gathering together of the main bodies of Michael's work – it is about cloud (2000) and Sacrifice (1992) and all the other works that he is known and celebrated for. It is the public Michael Riley. It is also about stepping into the shoes of the private Michael. The person I spent the most time with, the person who took the photos of children and families hanging on our walls, sitting on dresser tops and in our drawers and photo albums. My family home is blessed with lots of Uncle Micky. One of my most treasured possessions is an old red t-shirt painted by Michael. It has travelled with me for 20 years.
Michael's son Ben is 21. He also has a granddaughter, Janaya – she is five. I truly believe it was Michael's love of Ben that kept him alive during some desperately grim times. There were lots of them. How well we got to know the Intensive Care Unit and the Dialysis Unit at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital.
Michael was not a terribly organised person. His wallet was testament to that, stuffed full of little bits of paper with people's phone numbers on them. I gave him an address book once but to no avail. Similarly, negatives were scattered in numerous locations – they're still turning up.
The Michael Riley Foundation has been established to take care of his legacy. I have the honour of being part of the Foundation. The Foundation knows we are dealing with precious things. The very fact that the Gallery has undertaken this retrospective is a testament to just how precious.
I want people to look at Michael Riley's work and focus on just how beautiful it is. A beauty with, at its foundation, the ethereal man himself. I want people to be at ease. Think of Michael's shy cheeky smile, his eyes lighting up at the sniff of gossip. His love of flash, white-linen shirts. His sense of humour and fun. Most of all, I want people to remember his enormous generosity and humility.
I will miss the beautiful big bunches of lilies he would bring me, when he knew I was feeling blue. My family misses him – we all do.
Michael would just love the fact that all of his work – the private and the public – has been gathered together by the National Gallery of Australia. Thank you to the National Gallery of Australia and everyone who has worked towards this wonderful celebration of not just Michael Riley's work, but his life.
Linda Burney
TOP DETAIL: Michael RILEY, 'Untitled from the series cloud [feather]' Cloud series Feather 2000, printed 2005 Photograph chromogenic pigment print Ed: 1/5 NGA 2005.294.5, Reproduced courtesy of the Michael Riley Foundation and VISCOPY, Australia
|NGA Home | Introduction | Themes | Search | Essays | Learning | Visiting | Previous


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Tivoli's NetWorks Radio means you no longer need a computer to be able to access Internet streams. However, it doesn't blow away the competition, and it struggles in a few key areas.
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According to the National Football Post, the "bet around the league" is opponents will test the Cowboys' new 4-3 defense in the run game.
The Boston Herald's Karen Guregian reports Rob Gronkowski (back) was a "full-go" during OTAs.
The Cleveland Plain Dealer reports DeShone Kizer is "on the fast-track" to winning the Browns' starting job.
Saints RT Zach Strief has agreed to a restructured contract.
Broncos signed third-round WR Carlos Henderson to a four-year contract.
Jaguars coach Doug Marrone said he's been pleased with first-round RB Leonard Fournette's pass-catching at OTAs.
According to the Miami Herald's Barry Jackson, it is "far from certain" that 2016 third-round WR Leonte Carroo even makes the Dolphins' 53-man roster.
Ex-Eagles and 49ers coach Chip Kelly has joined ESPN as an NFL and college football analyst.
NFL suspended free agent CB Justin Gilbert four games for violating the league's substance-abuse policy.
Odell Beckham says he will be present for mandatory minicamp.
Ravens ILB C.J. Mosley is recovering from shoulder surgery, but it's not considered a long-term concern.
Ravens TE Maxx Williams is recovering from a knee surgery "no other football player has had," but is expected to be ready for training camp.


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May/June 2017 Issue
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UN.GIFT Publications
IOM Guidelines for law enforcement
2010-07-09 14:43:00.0
Download right click "save as"
This guideline is a revision of the publication released by IOM in 2005 titled "Guidelines for the investigation and prosecution of the crime of trafficking and protection of victims during law enforcement." The creation of this document has been beneficial for law enforcement officers in their effort to suppress trafficking in persons through law enforcement measures. The manual explains in practical terms the provisions of special legislation created to address the crime of trafficking in persons, and elaborates the underlying principles of case management and victim protection.More information about human trafficking on the website of IOM.


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The onslaught of undesired new followers you get on a social network for having posted something attention-grabbing on said social network. Meant to sound like and be used like "fallout", i.e. a negative side effect.
I Tweeted something about Justin Bieber and had a huge followout.
by TravelMop September 28, 2010


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UN.GIFT Publications
OSCE Human Trafficking Manual for Journalists Serbian
2011-01-11 14:45:00.0
Download right click "save as"
This OSCE manual was originally developed for Russian and Ukrainian journalists to give guidance for reporting on human trafficking. It offers a comprehensive definition and historical outline of human trafficking, providing a useful guide for journalists working in the area of radio, television, documentary journalism, print media and marketing. Adequate media reporting on this problem is very important for deconstructing prejudice and stereotypes, popular awareness raising, preventing future recruitment and improving the quality of assistance and reintegration processes for persons who have managed to come out of the trafficking chain. This publication provides recommendations to all those who write or are preparing to write on the topic of human trafficking. The manual is also available in English on the website of OSCE.


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[Article]-Oracle Web Hacking Part II
Enjoy Part 2 of 3 in this series from regular EH-Net Columnist. Feel free to give feedback and make suggestions as to what you'd like to see next from Chris.
Permanent link: [Article]-Oracle Web Hacking Part II
Permanent link: [Article]-Oracle Web Hacking Part II
Chris Gates, CISSP, CISA, GCIH, GPEN, C|EH
In the first article, Oracle Web Hacking Part I, I talked about scanning Oracle Application Servers for default content and how to use that content for information gathering. A pentester can utilize that information to run SQL queries and to gain a foothold into the network. I also talked about iSQLPlus and some fun things you can do with that application, if you are able to guess credentials for it. I also showed some Metasploit modules to help you accomplish all of it.
In Part 2 of 3 of this ongoing series of columns, I'll dive into attacking the Oracle Application Server Portal (OracleAS Portal). I'll focus on Oracle 9i and 10g up to Release 2. With 11g (10.3.x) Oracle moved to Weblogic, and it's completely different and therefore out of the scope of this series. But there are plenty of shops out there still using 9i and 10g, which gives us plenty of opportunity for breaking stuff. So, let's get to it.
CISSP, MCSE, CSTA, Security+ SME


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