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Engineering support services for the DOE/GRI coal-gasification research program. Addendum to C. F. Braun report FE-2240-46, basic requirements for the design and construction of gasifier vessels
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bostwick, L.E.; Hung, D.T.; Glasgow, P.E.
The C.F. Braun and Co. report FE-2240-46, Basic Requirements for the Design and Construction of Gasifier Vessels, is a well-organized, well-written and comprehensive compendium of information. Kellogg's review of the document disclosed certain areas in which revisions would increase the usefulness of the document to the designer/constructor of gasifier vessels. Rather than rewriting and revising the Braun report, Kellogg proposed, and the DOE/GRI Joint Operating Committee agreed, that an addendum to the report would be of greatest utility. The Kellogg addendum to the C.F. Braun report supplements, amplifies, and updates the Braun information so that the total body of information is compatible with the various codes and practices of vessel design and construction. Paragraph numbers in the Kellogg addendum correspond to the numbers in the Braun report. To avoid confusion, in each of 33 revisions the complete paragraph is included, even though the revision may be the changing of only a few words. Following each such revision is a short comment that outlines the reason for the revision. Kellogg believes that this type of treatment allows side-by-side comparison of the paragraphs and thus results in the greatest utility to the designer/constructor of gasifier vessels.
On September 8, 1960 President Dwight D. Eisenhower visited Huntsville, Alabama to dedicate a new NASA field center in honor of General George C. Marshall, Eisenhower's wartime colleague and the founder of the famous Marshall Plan for European recover after World War II. The new George C. Marshall Space Flight Center was placed under the control of Dr. Wernher Von Braun shown here talking with President Eisenhower. As parto f his remarks dedicating the center, President Eisenhowe refereed to General Marshall as a 'man of yar, yet a builder of peace'. the Marshall Center's first major assignment including building the huge Saturn V rocket that launched human beings on their first journey to the surface of the moon in 1969.
Resultados neonatais no parto vaginal espontâneo comparados aos dos partos com fórcipe de Simpson-Braun em primíparas Neonatal outcome of spontaneous deliveries as compared to Simpson-Braun forceps deliveries in nulliparous women
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Belmiro Gonçalves Pereira
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: comparar os resultados neonatais dos partos vaginais espontâneos ou assistidos com fórcipe de Simpson-Braun em nulíparas. MÉTODO: em estudo de corte retrospectivo foram avaliados dois grupos de primíparas atendidas no Centro Obstétrico do CAISM/UNICAMP, que tiveram parto vaginal sob analgesia epidural. O grupo fórcipe foi formado por 119 pacientes que tiveram parto a fórcipe de Simpson-Braun, e o grupo normal por 114 casos de parto vaginal espontâneo. Foram estudadas as variáveis neonatais imediatas como o estado do líquido amniótico e os índices de Apgar, assim como a evolução neonatal nos primeiros dias de vida. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes c², exato de Fisher e t de Student para comparação de médias e considerada significativa a diferença correspondente a pPURPOSE: to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between spontaneous vaginal and Simpson-Braun forceps deliveries in nulliparous women. METHOD: a retrospective study including two groups of nulliparous women, who had vaginal delivery under peridural anesthesia in the obstetric unit of the CAISM-UNICAMP: the forceps group included 119 women who had Simpson-Braun forceps delivery, and the normal group included 114 women who delivered spontaneously. Neonatal outcomes, such as Apgar score and the evolution in the first days of life, were studied. Data were compared in both groups and, for statistical analysis, c² test, Fisher exact, and Student t tests were used. The differences were considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: the indications for Simpson-Braun forceps delivery were maternal-fetal relief (90 cases and abbreviation of the expulsive period (29 cases. In the forceps group there were 8 cases (6.7% of vaginal injuries; a similar result was observed in the normal group. The number of hospitalization days for the parturient and the newborns was identical, 2.4 days. The newborns in the two groups had similar Apgar scores
Design, Licensing and Construction of the Turbine Island
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Olivier Mandement, Business Development Director of Alstom Thermal Power, presented the different specificities of turbine and explained to the audience the different steps of the construction of the Turbine Island. He made a focus on the ARABELLE turbine design that is used for the Flamanville 3 EPR reactor
Gas turbine control for islanding operation of distribution systems
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mahat, Pukar; Chen, Zhe; Bak-Jensen, Birgitte
Danish distribution systems are characterized by a significant penetration of small gas turbine generators (GTGs) and fixed speed wind turbine generators (WTGs). Island operation of these distribution systems are becoming a viable option for economical and technical reasons. However, stabilizing...... frequency in an islanded system is one of the major challenges. This paper presents three different gas turbine governors for possible operation of distribution systems in an islanding mode. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of these governors in grid connected and islanding mode....
Braunes Fettgewebe: Die neue Waffe gegen Adipositas?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fenzl A
Full Text Available Adipositas entsteht, wenn die Energieaufnahme den Energieverbrauch übersteigt. Braunes Fett im Gegensatz zu weißem Fett ist darauf ausgerichtet, Energie in Form von Wärmeproduktion (Thermogenese zu verbrauchen. Bei diesem Vorgang wird die Atmungskette von der ATP-Synthese entkoppelt, was durch das Molekül Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP-1 vermittelt wird, welches praktisch nur in braunem Fettgewebe vorkommt. Aufgrund seiner hohen Stoffwechselaktivität und der rezenten Entdeckung, dass aktives braunes Fett auch in Erwachsenen vorkommt, hat dieses Gewebe in den vergangenen Jahren einen hohen Stellenwert in der Adipositasforschung erlangt. In zahlreichen Tiermodellen führt die Aktivierung von braunem Fett oder die Transformation von weißem in braunes Fett (browning zu einer Erhöhung des Energieumsatzes sowie zum Schutz vor Adipositas und metabolischen Komplikationen. Zusätzlich zu klassisch braunem und weißem Fett wurde kürzlich eine neue Fettart beschrieben, die sowohl weiße als auch braune Eigenschaften aufweist das so genannte beige Fett. Beige Fettzellen kommen zwar primär im weißen Fettgewebe vor, können aber, ähnlich wie braune Adipozyten, thermogenetisch hoch aktiv sein. Es werden laufend neue Faktoren entdeckt, die die Entwicklung und/oder Funktion von beigem bzw. braunem Fett kontrollieren. Die Bemühungen, molekulare Mechanismen und Stoffwechselvorgänge in braunem Fett besser zu verstehen, haben sich noch intensiviert, als man kürzlich mittels FDG-PET-Untersuchungen entdeckte, dass aktives braunes Fettgewebe nicht nur in Erwachsenen vorkommt, sondern auch den Energieverbrauch steigert. Derzeit existieren allerdings noch keine pharmakologischen Ansätze, um die metabolischen Eigenschaften von braunem Fett therapeutisch nutzen zu können, doch das Rennen ist längst im Gange.
Turbine Speed Governor Parameters Validation in Islanded Production
Nicolet, Christophe; Kawkabani, Basile; GREIVELDINGER, Bob; HÉROU, Jean-Jacques; Allenbach, Philippe; SIMOND, Jean-Jacques; Avellan, François
The transient behavior of hydroelectric power plants is of high interest for ensuring stability of islanded electrical power networks. Therefore, it is suitable to determine and validate the set of parameters of a turbine speed governor using a realistic simulation model taking into account the hydraulic circuit, the rotating inertias, the electrical installations and the control systems. This paper presents the modeling of a 4x250 MW Francis turbine hydroelectric power plant taking into acco...
European wind turbine standards 2 (EWTS-2)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Pierik, J.T.G.; Dekker, J.W.M.; Braam, H. [and others
A summary is given of the main results of the European Wind Turbine Standards II project. EWTS-II was completed in 1998 and included investigations on: 1) wind farms-wind field and turbine loading; 2) complex terrain and fatigue loading; 3) extreme wind conditions; 4) quantification of failure probabilities; 5) integration of blade tests in design; 6) power performance in complex terrain; 7) site evaluation. In addition to these scientific evaluations, the EWTS-II participants established an organization of qualified measuring institute in the field of wind energy, the MEASNET organization. MEASNET unified measurement procedures of the participating institutes and guarantees qualified measurements and mutual acceptance among its members. (LN)
Standardized, systemic phenotypic analysis of Umod(C93F and Umod(A227T mutant mice.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Elisabeth Kemter
Full Text Available Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UAKD summarizes different clinical features of an autosomal dominant heritable disease syndrome in humans with a proven uromodulin (UMOD mutation involved. It is often characterized by hyperuricemia, gout, alteration of urine concentrating ability, as well as a variable rate of disease progression inconstantly leading to renal failure and histological alterations of the kidneys. We recently established the two Umod mutant mouse lines Umod(C93F and Umod(A227T on the C3H inbred genetic background both showing kidney defects analogous to those found in human UAKD patients. In addition, disease symptoms were revealed that were not yet described in other published mouse models of UAKD. To examine if further organ systems and/or metabolic pathways are affected by Umod mutations as primary or secondary effects, we describe a standardized, systemic phenotypic analysis of the two mutant mouse lines Umod(A227T and Umod(C93F in the German Mouse Clinic. Different genotypes as well as different ages were tested. Beside the already published changes in body weight, body composition and bone metabolism, the influence of the Umod mutation on energy metabolism was confirmed. Hematological analysis revealed a moderate microcytic and erythropenic anemia in older Umod mutant mice. Data of the other analyses in 7-10 month-old mutant mice showed single small additional effects.
Advanced Micro Turbine System (AMTS) -C200 Micro Turbine -Ultra-Low Emissions Micro Turbine
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Capstone Turbine Corporation
In September 2000 Capstone Turbine Corporation commenced work on a US Department of Energy contract to develop and improve advanced microturbines for power generation with high electrical efficiency and reduced pollutants. The Advanced MicroTurbine System (AMTS) program focused on: (1) The development and implementation of technology for a 200 kWe scale high efficiency microturbine system (2) The development and implementation of a 65 kWe microturbine which meets California Air Resources Board (CARB) emissions standards effective in 2007. Both of these objectives were achieved in the course of the AMTS program. At its conclusion prototype C200 Microturbines had been designed, assembled and successfully completed field demonstration. C65 Microturbines operating on natural, digester and landfill gas were also developed and successfully tested to demonstrate compliance with CARB 2007 Fossil Fuel Emissions Standards for NOx, CO and VOC emissions. The C65 Microturbine subsequently received approval from CARB under Executive Order DG-018 and was approved for sale in California. The United Technologies Research Center worked in parallel to successfully execute a RD&D program to demonstrate the viability of a low emissions AMS which integrated a high-performing microturbine with Organic Rankine Cycle systems. These results are documented in AMS Final Report DOE/CH/11060-1 dated March 26, 2007.
SiC/SiC Leading Edge Turbine Airfoil Tested Under Simulated Gas Turbine Conditions
Robinson, R. Craig; Hatton, Kenneth S.
Silicon-based ceramics have been proposed as component materials for use in gas turbine engine hot-sections. A high pressure burner rig was used to expose both a baseline metal airfoil and ceramic matrix composite leading edge airfoil to typical gas turbine conditions to comparatively evaluate the material response at high temperatures. To eliminate many of the concerns related to an entirely ceramic, rotating airfoil, this study has focused on equipping a stationary metal airfoil with a ceramic leading edge insert to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of such a configuration. Here, the idea was to allow the SiC/SiC composite to be integrated as the airfoil's leading edge, operating in a "free-floating" or unrestrained manner. and provide temperature relief to the metal blade underneath. The test included cycling the airfoils between simulated idle, lift, and cruise flight conditions. In addition, the airfoils were air-cooled, uniquely instrumented, and exposed to the same internal and external conditions, which included gas temperatures in excess of 1370 C (2500 F). Results show the leading edge insert remained structurally intact after 200 simulated flight cycles with only a slightly oxidized surface. The instrumentation clearly suggested a significant reduction (approximately 600 F) in internal metal temperatures as a result of the ceramic leading edge. The object of this testing was to validate the design and analysis done by Materials Research and Design of Rosemont, PA and to determine the feasibility of this design for the intended application.
Modern turbine-generators for smaller standardized nuclear power plant
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
There is an emerging interest in small standardized nuclear power plants for worldwide commercial application, and these are of a size for which well proven compact steam turbines are ideally suited. With its experience, GEC ALSTHOM is well placed to provide turbines for small standardized nuclear systems up to the 600 MW(e) currently envisaged. At this low power level, full-speed turbines are the appropriate choice. The paper describes relevant experience with these turbines, and the corresponding thermodynamic cycles. 4 refs., 13 figs
Electroluminescent TCC, C3dg and fB/Bb epitope assays for profiling complement cascade activation in vitro using an activated complement serum calibration standard.
van Vuuren, B Jansen; Bergseth, G; Mollnes, T E; Shaw, A M
Electroluminescent assays for epitopes on the complement components C3dg, terminal complement complex (TCC) and factor B/Bb (fB/Bb) have been developed with capture and detection antibodies to produce detection limits C3dg=91±9ng/mL, TCC=3±0.1ng/mL and fB=55.7±0.1ng/mL. The assay performance was assessed against a series of zymosan and heat aggregated IgG (HAIgG) in vitro activations of complement using a calibrated activated complement serum (ACS) as calibration standard. The ACS standard was stable within 20% accuracy over a 6-month period with freeze-thaw cycles as required. Differential activation of the complement cascade was observed for TCC showing a pseudo-first order formation half-life of 3.5h after activation with zymosan. The C3dg activation fragment indicates a 10% total activation for both activation agents. The kinetic-epitope analysis for fB indicates that the capture epitope is on the fB/Bb protein fragment which can then become covered by the formation of C3bBb or C3bBbP complexes during the time course of the cascade.
Design of wind turbines for non-standard air density
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Soraperra, Giusepe
New site typologies characterized by non-standard air density have been recently considered for wind energy exploitation. The work attempts to assess the effect of air density on turbine performance, whether with variable or fixed speed. Since the power density of the sites with non-standard dens......New site typologies characterized by non-standard air density have been recently considered for wind energy exploitation. The work attempts to assess the effect of air density on turbine performance, whether with variable or fixed speed. Since the power density of the sites with non......-standard density is intrinsically different, it is impossible to reach the standard rated power at the standard rated speed. Three scenarios are possible (i) to keep the standard rated speed of the turbine by changing the size of the electric generator; (ii) to change the rated speed of the turbine by adopting...... a different pitch angel setting; (iii) adoption of extendeders to the blades can also help in restraining the standard rated power at the standard rated speed for p less than pst. The power curves for the three turbine configurations, each in three different air density conformations, have been calculated...
Wind turbine generator interaction with conventional diesel generators on Block Island, Rhode Island. Volume 2: Data analysis
Wilreker, V. F.; Stiller, P. H.; Scott, G. W.; Kruse, V. J.; Smith, R. F.
Assessing the performance of a MOD-OA horizontal axis wind turbine connected to an isolated diesel utility, a comprehensive data measurement program was conducted on the Block Island Power Company installation on Block Island, Rhode Island. The detailed results of that program focusing on three principal areas of (1) fuel displacement (savings), (2) dynamic interaction between the diesel utility and the wind turbine, (3) effects of three models of wind turbine reactive power control are presented. The approximate two month duration of the data acquisition program conducted in the winter months (February into April 1982) revealed performance during periods of highest wind energy penetration and hence severity of operation. Even under such conditions fuel savings were significant resulting in a fuel reduction of 6.7% while the MOD-OA was generating 10.7% of the total electrical energy. Also, electrical disturbance and interactive effects were of an acceptable level.
Effects of stream turbine array configuration on tidal current energy extraction near an island
Chen, Yaling; Lin, Binliang; Lin, Jie; Wang, Shujie
Enhanced tidal currents around islands appear to present the potential for power extraction. In this research, a three-dimensional numerical model is applied to investigate the naturally occurring tidal dynamics and the extractable energy from turbines close to Zhaitang Island, located off the east coast of China. In the model, the effect of tidal turbine is represented by a horizontal thrust and added to the momentum equations. To determine a better configuration of turbine array, a detailed work has been undertaken to investigate the combined influences of the topographic features and array arrangement on the performance of power generation. First, three single row arrays are examined with lateral spacing being 2, 3 and 4 times rotor diameters. Then, corresponding to each lateral spacing, three multi-row arrays in a staggered manner with longitudinal spacing being 5, 10 and 15 times rotor diameters are developed. It has been found that single row arrays with higher local blockage outperform arrays with lower blockage. While for multi-row arrays, the performance of inside turbine is significantly experienced the wake influence of upstream turbines, which can be weakened with an increment of turbine spacing. And a remarkable improvement of turbine performance is observed as the longitudinal spacing increases to 10 times rotor diameters. However, the change pattern of power extraction is mainly dependent on that of naturally kinetic energy when the turbine density is further decreasing in the given region.
Atmospheric histories and growth trends of C4F10, C5F12, C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
R. F. Weiss
Full Text Available The first atmospheric observations and trends are presented for the high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs: decafluorobutane (C4F10, dodecafluoropentane (C5F12, tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14, hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16 and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18. Their atmospheric histories are based on measurements of 38 Northern Hemisphere and 46 Southern Hemisphere archived air samples collected between 1973 to 2011 using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE "Medusa" preconcentration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems. A new calibration scale was prepared for each PFC, with estimated accuracies of 6.8% for C4F10, 7.8% for C5F12, 4.0% for C6F14, 6.6% for C7F16 and 7.9% for C8F18. Based on our observations the 2011 globally averaged dry air mole fractions of these heavy PFCs are: 0.18 parts-per-trillion (ppt, i.e., parts per 1012 for C4F10, 0.12 ppt for C5F12, 0.28 ppt for C6F14, 0.12 ppt for C7F16 and 0.09 ppt for C8F18. These atmospheric mole fractions combine to contribute to a global average radiative forcing of 0.35 mW m−2, which is 3.6% of the total PFC radiative forcing. The globally averaged mean atmospheric growth rates of these PFCs during 1973–2011 are 4.58 parts per quadrillion (ppq, i.e., parts per 1015 per year (yr for C4F10, 3.29 ppq yr−1 for C5F12, 7.50 ppq yr−1 for C6F14, 3.19 ppq yr−1 for C7F16 and 2.51 ppq yr−1 for C8F18. The growth rates of the heavy perfluorocarbons were largest in the early 1990s for C4F10 and C5F12 and in the mid-to-late 1990s for C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18. The more recent slow down in the growth rates of the high molecular weight PFCs suggests that emissions are declining as compared to the 1980s and 1990s. Nevertheless continued monitoring of these potent, extremely long-lived greenhouse gases is necessary to verify that global PFC emissions continue to decline.
Atmospheric histories and growth trends of C4F10, C5F12, C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
R. F. Weiss
Full Text Available Atmospheric observations and trends are presented for the high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs: decafluorobutane (C4F10, dodecafluoropentane (C5F12, tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14, hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16 and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18. Their atmospheric histories are based on measurements of 36 Northern Hemisphere and 46 Southern Hemisphere archived air samples collected between 1973 to 2011 using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE "Medusa" preconcentration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems. A new calibration scale was prepared for each PFC, with estimated accuracies of 6.8% for C4F10, 7.8% for C5F12, 4.0% for C6F14, 6.6% for C7F16 and 7.9% for C8F18. Based on our observations the 2011 globally averaged dry air mole fractions of these heavy PFCs are: 0.17 parts-per-trillion (ppt, i.e., parts per 1012 for C4F10, 0.12 ppt for C5F12, 0.27 ppt for C6F14, 0.12 ppt for C7F16 and 0.09 ppt for C8F18. These atmospheric mole fractions combine to contribute to a global average radiative forcing of 0.35 mW m−2, which is 6% of the total anthropogenic PFC radiative forcing (Montzka and Reimann, 2011; Oram et al., 2012. The growth rates of the heavy perfluorocarbons were largest in the late 1990s peaking at 6.2 parts per quadrillion (ppq, i.e., parts per 1015 per year (yr for C4F10, at 5.0 ppq yr−1 for C5F12 and 16.6 ppq yr−1 for C6F14 and in the early 1990s for C7F16 at 4.7 ppq yr−1 and in the mid 1990s for C8F18 at 4.8 ppq yr−1. The 2011 globally averaged mean atmospheric growth rates of these PFCs are subsequently lower at 2.2 ppq yr−1 for C4F10, 1.4 ppq yr−1 for C5F12, 5.0 ppq yr−1 for C6F14, 3.4 ppq yr−1 for C7F16 and 0.9 ppq yr−1 for C8F18. The more recent slowdown in the growth rates suggests that emissions are declining as compared to the 1980s and 1990s.
Control of Steam-Turbine Regulators at Transition to an Island State
Georgiev, Georgi
The simple operating algorithm is presented for steam turbine regulators of type Simadin (Siemens) at emergency switching-off of the generator from system together with some, unknown in advance, load. The given situation is known as "a transition to an island state (regime)". Keeping of turbine speed and preservation of its rating value at a generator blackout when its own needs will be load only, is an easy problem. When the generator remains in its island it is necessary to solve "on-line" two additional problems: to reveal a situation "island" and to estimate the island load for translating a regulator on the new task and providing dynamic stability of transition. The algorithm was tried and entered successfully into practice on Varna TPP, CEZ GROUP (Prague), in 2008.
Control strategies for gas turbine generators for grid connected and islanding operations
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mahat, Pukar; Chen, Zhe; Bak-Jensen, Birgitte
Islanding operation of distribution systems with distributed generations (DG) is becoming a viable option for economical and technical reasons. However, there are various issues to be resolved before it can be a reality. One of the main issues is control of the DG. Control strategies, that may work...... fine while a DG is connected to a grid, might not work as desired while it is islanded and vise versa. This paper presents a strategy to operate distribution systems with a small gas turbine generator (GTG), which is capable of supplying local loads, in both islanding and grid connected conditions....... Separate strategies are used to control the GTG while it is connected to the grid and while it is islanded. Switching between the control strategies is achieved through a state detection algorithm that includes islanding and grid re-connection detections. An existing islanding detection technique has been...
Global emission estimates and radiative impact of C4F10, C5F12, C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18
Ivy, D. J.; Rigby, M.; Baasandorj, M.; Burkholder, J. B.; Prinn, R. G.
Global emission estimates based on new atmospheric observations are presented for the acylic high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs): decafluorobutane (C4F10), dodecafluoropentane (C5F12), tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14), hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16) and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18). Emissions are estimated using a 3-dimensional chemical transport model and an inverse method that includes a growth constraint on emissions. The observations used in the inversion are based on newly measured archived air samples that cover a 39-yr period, from 1973 to 2011, and include 36 Northern Hemispheric and 46 Southern Hemispheric samples. The derived emission estimates show that global emission rates were largest in the 1980s and 1990s for C4F10 and C5F12, and in the 1990s for C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18. After a subsequent decline, emissions have remained relatively stable, within 20%, for the last 5 yr. Bottom-up emission estimates are available from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 4.2 (EDGARv4.2) for C4F10, C5F12, C6F14 and C7F16, and inventories of C4F10, C5F12 and C6F14 are reported to the United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by Annex 1 countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol. The atmospheric measurement-based emission estimates are 20 times larger than EDGARv4.2 for C4F10 and over three orders of magnitude larger for C5F12 (with 2008 EDGARv4.2 estimates for C5F12 at 9.6 kg yr-1, as compared to 67±53 t yr-1 as derived in this study). The derived emission estimates for C6F14 largely agree with the bottom-up estimates from EDGARv4.2. Moreover, the C7F16 emission estimates are comparable to those of EDGARv4.2 at their peak in the 1990s, albeit significant underestimation for the other time periods. There are no bottom-up emission estimates for C8F18, thus the emission rates reported here are the first for C8F18. The reported inventories for C4F10, C5F12 and C6F14 to UNFCCC are five to ten times lower than those
Global emission estimates and radiative impact of C4F10, C5F12, C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
R. G. Prinn
Full Text Available Global emission estimates based on new atmospheric observations are presented for the acylic high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs: decafluorobutane (C4F10, dodecafluoropentane (C5F12, tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14, hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16 and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18. Emissions are estimated using a 3-dimensional chemical transport model and an inverse method that includes a growth constraint on emissions. The observations used in the inversion are based on newly measured archived air samples that cover a 39-yr period, from 1973 to 2011, and include 36 Northern Hemispheric and 46 Southern Hemispheric samples (Ivy et al., 2012. The derived emission estimates show that global emission rates were largest in the 1980s and 1990s for C4F10 and C5F12, and in the 1990s for C6F14,C7F16 and C8F18. After a subsequent decline, emissions have remained relatively stable, within 20%, for the last 5 yr. Bottom-up emission estimates are available from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 4.2 (EDGARv4.2 for C4F10, C5F12, C6F14 and C7F16, and inventories of C4F10, C5F12 andC6F14 are reported to the United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC by Annex 1 countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol. The atmospheric measurement based emission estimates are 20 times larger than EDGARv4.2 for C4F10 and over three orders of magnitude for C5F12. The derived emission estimates for C6F14 largely agree with the bottom-up estimates from EDGARv4.2. Moreover, the C7F16 emission estimates are comparable to those of EDGARv4.2 at their peak in the 1990s, albeit significant underestimation for the other time periods. There are no bottom-up emission estimates for C8F18, thus the emission rates reported here are the first for C8F18. The reported inventories for C4F10, C5F12 and C6F14 to UNFCCC are five to ten times lower than those estimated in this study. In addition, we present measured infrared absorption spectra for C
77 FR 52553 - Standards of Performance for Stationary Gas Turbines; Standards of Performance for Stationary...
... significantly impact the emissions rate since typical low NO X natural gas-fired duct burners contribute between... duct burner. Therefore, we are proposing that the NO X standard be based on the type of fuel being... gases to generate electricity in stationary combustion turbines (see 74 FR 11858, March 20, 2009)....
Islanding Control Architecture in future smart grid with both demand and wind turbine control
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Chen, Yu; Xu, Zhao; Østergaard, Jacob
In recent years, a large number of Distributed Generation units (DG units) such as Wind Turbines (WTs) and Combined Heat and Power plants (CHPs) have been penetrating the distribution systems. Meanwhile, an intentional island operation of distribution systems is proposed as a potential measure......, which is the focus of this paper, available resources including both DG units and demand should be fully utilized as reserves. The control and coordination among different resources requires an integral architecture to serve the purpose. This paper develops the Islanding Control Architecture (ICA...
10 October 2013 - D. Braun First Deputy Minister for Regional Development, Czech Republic, P. Styczeń Deputy Minister of Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy, Republic of Poland and F. Palko State Secretary, Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development, Slovak Republic visiting the LHC tunnel at Point 1 with Technology Department, Vacuum, Surfaces and Coatings Group Leader J. M. Jimenez and signing the Guest book with CERN Director-General R. Heuer
Anna Pantelia
10 October 2013 - D. Braun First Deputy Minister for Regional Development, Czech Republic, P. Styczeń Deputy Minister of Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy, Republic of Poland and F. Palko State Secretary, Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development, Slovak Republic visiting the LHC tunnel at Point 1 with Technology Department, Vacuum, Surfaces and Coatings Group Leader J. M. Jimenez and signing the Guest book with CERN Director-General R. Heuer
Estimation of enthalpy data for reactions involving gas phase ions utilizing lattice potential energies: fluoride ion affinities (FIA) and pF- values of mSbF5(l) and mSbF5(g) (m = 1, 2, 3), AsF5(g), AsF5.SO2(c). Standard enthalpies of formation: Delta(f)H degrees (SbmF5m+1)(-),g) (m = 1, 2, 3), Delta(f)H degrees (AsF6(-),g), and Delta(f)H degrees (NF4+,g).
Jenkins, H Donald Brooke; Roobottom, H K; Passmore, Jack
Fluoride ion affinity (FIA) values (and the associated pF(-) values) are difficult to establish experimentally for pentafluorides of arsenic and antimony. Our approach, utilizing estimated lattice potential energies, provides a further opportunity to establish this data for liquid (and gaseous) SbF(5) and gaseous AsF(5) which compliments values obtained using ab initio routes for monomeric gas phase molecules and adds to results based on rigorous methods. A strategy is developed whereby construction of (multiple) Born-Fajans-Haber cycles centered around the (target) FIA reaction of interest yield a plethora of estimates for the enthalpy change of interest. This general approach is illustrated here by specific estimation of some experimentally based FIA values of SbF(5) and AsF(5). FIA values/kJ mol(-1) and pF- values estimated in this paper are FIA(SbF(5),l) approximately equal to -475 (+/-63), pF-(SbF(5),l) = 11.4 (+/-1.5); FIA(SbF(5),g) approximately equal to -506 (+/-63), pF-(SbF(5),g) = 12.4 (+/-1.5); FIA(2SbF(5),l) approximately equal to -609 (+/-63), pF- (2SbF(5),l) = 14.6 (+/-1.5); FIA (2SbF(5),g) approximately equal to -671 (+/-63), pF- (2SbF(5),g) = 16.0 (+/-1.5); FIA (3SbF(5),l) approximately -635 (+/-39), pF(-) (3SbF(5),l) = 15.2 (+/-0.9); FIA(3SbF(5),g) approximately -728 (+/-39), pF(-) (3SbF(5),g) = 17.4 (+/-0.9); FIA(AsF(5),g) approximately equal to -421 (+/-22), pF(-) (AsF(5),g) = 10.1 (+/- 0.5); and FIA (AsF(5).SO(2),s) approximately equal to -390 (+/-22), pF(-) (AsF(5).SO(2),s) = 9.3 (+/-0.5). Related standard enthalpies of formation (in kJ mol(-1)) are also assigned: Delta(f)H degrees (SbF(6)(-),g) approximately equal to -2075 (+/-52); Delta(f)H degrees (Sb(2)F(11)(-),g) approximately equal to -3520 (+/-63); Delta(f)H degrees (Sb(3)F(16)(-),g) approximately equal to -4874 (+/-39); Delta(f)H degrees (NF(4)(+),g) approximately equal to 903 (+/-32); Delta(f)H degrees (AsF(6)(-),g) approximately equal to -1907 (+/-22).
Migration of bats past a remote island offers clues toward the problem of bat fatalities at wind turbines
Cryan, P.M.; Brown, A.C.
Wind energy is rapidly becoming a viable source of alternative energy, but wind turbines are killing bats in many areas of North America. Most of the bats killed by turbines thus far have been migratory species that roost in trees throughout the year, and the highest fatality events appear to coincide with autumn migration. Hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) are highly migratory and one of the most frequently killed species at wind turbines. We analyzed a long-term data set to investigate how weather and moonlight influenced the occurrence of hoary bats at an island stopover point along their migration route. We then related our results to the problem of bat fatalities at wind turbines. We found that relatively low wind speeds, low moon illumination, and relatively high degrees of cloud cover were important predictors of bat arrivals and departures, and that low barometric pressure was an additional variable that helped predict arrivals. Slight differences in the conditions under which bats arrived and departed from the island suggest that hoary bats may be more likely to arrive on the island with passing storm fronts in autumn. These results also indicate that fatalities of hoary bats at wind turbines may be predictable events, that the species may be drawn to prominent landmarks that they see during migration, and that they regularly migrate over the ocean. Additional observations from this and other studies suggest that the problem of bat fatalities at wind turbines may be associated with flocking and autumn mating behaviors.
la teoría del desarrollo desigual de Óscar Braun. Un análisis critico
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wright Phil
Full Text Available
En este análisis crítico de la teoría del intercambio desigual de Oscar Braun, intentamos movernos consistentemente a través de un número de etapas analíticas distintas. Estas etapas son: a una discusión sobre el objeto del conocimiento en Braun, sin las restricciones de su propia problemática (sección 3; b una confrontación del objeto del conocímiento en Braun con el objeto real o concreto (sección4, y c una crítica a] objeto del conocimiento en Braun (secciones 2 y 5. La crítica del objeto del conocimiento en Braun se divide en dos partes ya que tratamos con dos problemas analíticos distintos: a la teoría del intercambio desigual puede estar representada como una teoría del imperialismo, y b la naturaleza del objeto del conocimiento contenida en la teoría del intercambio desigual de Braun es la que causa los problemas y la que lo lleva a constituirla como una teoría del imperialismo.
The odontological identification of Eva Braun Hitler.
Keiser-Nielsen, S; Strøm, F
On May 7th-9th, 1945, a team of Russian pathologists autopsied several bodies found in and near the Fuehrer Bunker in Berlin; among them, a female body (No. 13) was later identified as that of Eva Braun Hitler (EBH), mainly by means of a gold bridge from the lower right jaw. A postmortem photograph of this bridge also shows a separate gold filling. Data now available on the dental treatment of EBH have permitted the present authors to substantiate that this gold filling also came from the mouth of EBH. Further speculation about the fate of EBH would henceforth seem professionally unfounded.
Standards for measurements and testing of wind turbine power quality
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Soerensen, P. [Risoe National Lab., Roskilde (Denmark); Gerdes, G.; Klosse, R.; Santjer, F. [DEWI, Wilhelmshaven (Germany); Robertson, N.; Davy, W. [NEL, Glasgow (United Kingdom); Koulouvari, M.; Morfiadakis, E. [CRES, Pikermi (Greece); Larsson, Aa. [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden)
The present paper describes the work done in power quality sub-task of the project `European Wind Turbine Testing Procedure Developments` funded by the EU SMT program. The objective of the power quality sub-task has been to make analyses and new recommendation(s) for the standardisation of measurement and verification of wind turbine power quality. The work has been organised in three major activities. The first activity has been to propose measurement procedures and to verify existing and new measurement procedures. This activity has also involved a comparison of the measurements and data processing of the participating partners. The second activity has been to investigate the influence of terrain, grid properties and wind farm summation on the power quality of wind turbines with constant rotor speed. The third activity has been to investigate the influence of terrain, grid properties and wind farm summation on the power quality of wind turbines with variable rotor speed. (au)
Victor or Villain? Wernher von Braun and the Space Race
O'Brien, Jason L.; Sears, Christine E.
Set during the Cold War and space race, this historical role-play focuses on Wernher von Braun's involvement in and culpability for the use of slave laborers to produce V-2 rockets for Nazi Germany. Students will grapple with two central questions. Should von Braun have been allowed to emigrate to the United States given his affiliation with the…
Study on Modelling Standardization of Double-fed Wind Turbine and Its Application
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Li Xiang
Full Text Available Based on the standardized modelling of the International Modelling Team, study on double-fed induction generator (DFIG wind turbine is processed in this paper, aiming at capability of universally and reasonably reflecting key performance related to large scale system analysis. The standardized model proposed is of high degree of structural modularity, easy functional extension and universalization of control strategy and signal. Moreover, it is applicable for wind turbines produced by different manufacturers through model parameter adjustment. The complexity of the model can meet both needs of grid-connected characteristic simulation of wind turbine and large scale power system simulation.
Gusts and Shear Within Hurricane Eyewalls Can Exceed Offshore Wind-Turbine Design Standards
Worsnop, Rochelle P; Bryan, George H; Damiani, Rick; Musial, Walt
Offshore wind energy development is underway in the U.S., with proposed sites located in hurricane-prone regions. Turbine design criteria outlined by the International Electrotechnical Commission do not encompass the extreme wind speeds and directional shifts of hurricanes stronger than a Category 2. We examine the most turbulent portion of a hurricane (the eyewall) using large-eddy simulations with Cloud Model 1 (CM1). Gusts and mean wind speeds near the eyewall exceed the current design threshold of 50 m s-1 mean wind and 70 m s-1 gusts for Class I turbines. Gust factors are greatest at the eye-eyewall interface. Further, shifts in wind direction at wind turbine hub height suggest turbines must rotate into the wind faster than current practice. Although current design standards omit mention of wind direction change across the rotor layer, large values (15-50 deg) suggest that veer should be considered in design standards.
Aquantis C-Plane Ocean Current Turbine Project
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Fleming, Alex [Dehlsen Associates, LLC, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
The Aquantis 2.5 MW Ocean Current Generation Device technology developed by Dehlsen Associates, LLC (DA) is a derivation of wind power generating technology (a means of harnessing a slow moving fluid) adapted to the ocean environment. The Aquantis Project provides an opportunity for accelerated technological development and early commercialization, since it involves the joining of two mature disciplines: ocean engineering and wind turbine design. The Aquantis Current Plane (C-Plane) technology is an ocean current turbine designed to extract kinetic energy from a current flow. The technology is capable of achieving competitively priced, continuous, base-load, and reliable power generation from a source of renewable energy not before possible in this scale or form.
Dr. von Braun and Army Ballistics Missile Agency (ABMA) Group
This photograph of Dr. von Braun, shown here to the left of General Bruce Medaris, was taken in the fall of 1959, immediately prior to Medaris' retirement from the Army. At the time, von Braun and his associates worked for the Army Ballistics Missile Agency in Huntsville, Alabama. Those in the photograph have been identified as Ernst Stuhlinger, Frederick von Saurma, Fritz Mueller, Hermarn Weidner, E.W. Neubert (partially hidden), W.A. Mrazek, Karl Heimburg, Arthur Rudolph, Otto Hoberg, von Braun, Oswald Lange, Medaris, Helmut Hoelzer, Hans Maus, E.D. Geissler, Hans Heuter, and George Constan.
78 FR 63017 - Exhaust Emissions Standards for New Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines and Identification Plate for...
... Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines and Identification Plate for Aircraft Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation... emission of any air pollutant from classes of aircraft engines which, in the EPA Administrator's judgment... standards. On July 27, 2011, the EPA proposed new aircraft engine emission standards for oxides of...
Does Braun Enteroenterostomy Reduce Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreaticoduodenectomy?
Zhang, Xu-Feng; Yin, Guo-Zhi; Liu, Qing-Guang; Liu, Xue-Min; Wang, Bo; Yu, Liang; Liu, Si-Nan; Cui, Hong-Ying; Lv, Yi
Abstract Whether an additional Braun enteroenterostomy is necessary in reducing delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has not yet been well investigated. Herein, in this retrospective study, 395 consecutive cases of patients undergoing classic PD from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. Patients with and without Braun enteroenterostomy were compared in preoperative baseline characteristics, surgical procedure, postoperative diagnosis, and morbidity including DGE. The DGE w...
Xeroderma pigmentosum groups C and F
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The differential bead-labelling method for heterodikaryon complementation enabled us to allocate xeroderma pigmentosum patients XP40KO and XP38KO to complementation groups C and F, respectively. Group C XP40KO cells exhibited 15 % UDS and the 5 and 1.5-fold hypersensitivities to UV and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) killings, respectively, while group F XP38KO cells showed a higher residual level of 20 - 25 % UDS and a less UV/4NQO hypersensitivity than did the previously assigned group F strains. We reviewed the thus far assigned Japanese groups C and F subjects for the repair and clinical characteristics. The present group C XP40KO was typical, while XP38KO was heterogrnous within group F with respect to repair. (author)
77 FR 76842 - Exhaust Emissions Standards for New Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines and Identification Plate for...
... Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines and Identification Plate for Aircraft Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation... Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed new aircraft engine emission standards for oxides of nitrogen (NO... turbojet engines with rated thrusts greater than 26.7 kilonewtons (kN) (76 FR 45012, July 27, 2011)....
78 FR 63015 - Exhaust Emissions Standards for New Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines and Identification Plate for...
... Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines and Identification Plate for Aircraft Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation... aircraft engines which, in the EPA Administrator's judgment, causes or contributes to air pollution that... aircraft engine emission standards for oxides of nitrogen (NO X ), compliance flexibilities, and...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
E. Shamshiry
Full Text Available Development activities and increasing urbanization have direct impact on solid waste generation, especially in municipalities of the developing countries, which poses a major challenge to the authorities. Many various technologies and strategies can be used in the field of garbage procedures. Incineration is a well-organized approach and tool to decrease the volume of waste and insist for additional landfill area. One of the important benefits of using the incineration is its ability to decrease a significant amount of waste combustibles by 80 to 95%. Controlling air pollution in the process of using the incineration poses a challenge for solid waste disposal. The data utilized in this article include personal interview of the experts handling the incineration process in Langkawi and personal observation. Secondary data obtained from the Ministry of Housing and Local Government was used to investigate the external air pollution from using the incinerator in Langkawi. The results showed, through the analysis of raw data with SPSS IBM 19 and Pearson correlation analysis and identify cluster of dendrogram generated by UPGMA, an external pollution minimum (p<0.05 between sampling sites inside the incinerator. The reasons for the difference are related to untimely and inappropriate opening of the combustion chamber door, exorbitance blowing and improper use of the installed air pollution control devices. The proper treatment of solid waste is very crucial, especially in Langkawi Island which is a tourist destination. The use of incinerator can enhance solid waste treatment, but only when the standard operating procedure is observed. Without properly observing the procedure, the use of an incinerator can cause more environmental and personal health issues like air pollution and the releasing of hazardous waste and clinical waste s into the landfill. These are some of the reasons that motivated this study to investigate the use of incineration in
Thermal tests of the SGT5-4000F gas-turbine plant of the PGU-420T power-generating unit at Combined Heat And Power Plant 16 of Mosenergo
Teplov, B. D.; Radin, Yu. A.; Filin, A. A.; Rudenko, D. V.
In December 2014, the PGU-420T power-generating unit was put into operation at the Combined Heat and Power Plant 16, an affiliated company of PAO Mosenergo. In 2014-2015, thermal tests of the SGT5- 4000F gas-turbine plant (GTP) integrated into the power-generating unit were carried out. In the article, the test conditions are described and the test results are presented and analyzed. During the tests, 92 operating modes within a wide range of electrical loads and ambient air temperatures and operating conditions of the GTP when fired with fuel oil were investigated. In the tests, an authorized automated measuring system was applied. The experimental data were processed according to ISO 2314:2009 "Gas turbines—Acceptance tests" standard. The available capacity and the GTP efficiency vary from 266 MW and 38.8% to 302 MW and 39.8%, respectively, within the ambient air temperature range from +24 to-12°C, while the turbine inlet temperature decreases from 1200 to 1250°C. The switch to firing fuel oil results in a reduction in the turbine inlet temperature and the capacity of the GTP. With the full load and a reduction in the ambient temperature from +24 to-12°C, the compressor efficiency decreases from 89.6 to 86.4%. The turbine efficiency is approximately 89-91%. Within the investigated range of power output, the emissions of nitrogen oxides do not exceed 35 ppm for the gas-fired plant and 65 ppm for the fuel-oil-fired plant. Within the range of the GTP power output from 50 to 100% of the rated output, the combustion chamber operates without underburning and with hardly any CO being formed. At low loads close to the no-load operation mode, the CO emissions drastically increase.
Improving standard C++ for the physics community
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Paterno, M.; Brown, W.E.; /Fermilab
As Fermilab's representatives to the C++ standardization effort, we have been promoting directions of special interest to the physics community. We here report on selected recent developments toward the next revision, informally denoted C++0x , of the C++ Standard.
Dr. Space the life of Wernher von Braun
Ward, Bob
Written by veteran aerospace journalist Bob Ward, who spent years investigating his subject, this biography presents a revealing but even-handed portrait of the father of modern rocketry. As he chronicles Wernher von Braun's life, Ward explodes many myths and misconceptions about the controversial genius who was a hero to some, a villain to others. The picture of von Braun that emerges is of a brilliant scientist with limitless curiosity and a drive to achieve his goals at almost any price from, developing the world's first ballistic missile used against the Allies in World War II to help
Uncertainty analysis of integrated gasification combined cycle systems based on Frame 7H versus 7F gas turbines.
Zhu, Yunhua; Frey, H Christopher
Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology is a promising alternative for clean generation of power and coproduction of chemicals from coal and other feedstocks. Advanced concepts for IGCC systems that incorporate state-of-the-art gas turbine systems, however, are not commercially demonstrated. Therefore, there is uncertainty regarding the future commercial-scale performance, emissions, and cost of such technologies. The Frame 7F gas turbine represents current state-of-practice, whereas the Frame 7H is the most recently introduced advanced commercial gas turbine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risks and potential payoffs of IGCC technology based on different gas turbine combined cycle designs. Models of entrained-flow gasifier-based IGCC systems with Frame 7F (IGCC-7F) and 7H gas turbine combined cycles (IGCC-7H) were developed in ASPEN Plus. An uncertainty analysis was conducted. Gasifier carbon conversion and project cost uncertainty are identified as the most important uncertain inputs with respect to system performance and cost. The uncertainties in the difference of the efficiencies and costs for the two systems are characterized. Despite uncertainty, the IGCC-7H system is robustly preferred to the IGCC-7F system. Advances in gas turbine design will improve the performance, emissions, and cost of IGCC systems. The implications of this study for decision-making regarding technology selection, research planning, and plant operation are discussed.
Energisation of Wind Turbine Transformers with an Auxiliary Generator in a Large Offshore Wind Farm Under Islanded Operation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Arana Aristi, Iván; Hernandez, Alvaro; Thumm, Gerhard;
The prospective inrush currents during the energization of wind turbine transformers in a large offshore wind farm during islanded operation were estimated by time-domain simulations covering different energizing scenarios. In this way, worst case procedures could be identified. The energization...... of the farm was carried out by an auxiliary diesel-driven synchronous generator placed on the offshore platform. The available information from all of the components and excitation control was implemented in PSCAD-EMTDC. The results from the simulations were compared with the capability curves and current...
Dynamic life-time assessing method for the N1C700 turbine's rotor
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The N1C700 turbine's rotor subject to different sorts of stress variations was investigated through dynamic life-time assessing method. To obtain the temperature fields at different steam parameters inside the turbine components, a computer code named DENOPAR was developed
Heavy perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: Atmospheric histories and top-down global emission estimates for C4F10, C5F12, C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18
Ivy, D. J.; Arnold, T.; Rigby, M. L.; Baasandorj, M.; Muhle, J.; Harth, C.; Salameh, P.; Steele, P.; Leist, M.; Krummel, P. B.; Burkholder, J. B.; Fraser, P.; Weiss, R. F.; Prinn, R. G.
The high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs) - perfluorobutane (C4F10), perfluoropentane (C5F12), perfluorohexane (C6F14), perfluoroheptane (C7F16) and perfluorooctane (C8F18) - are potent greenhouse gases with global warming potentials of ~ 9000 for a 100 year time horizon [Forster et al., 2007]. Currently, the heavy PFCs are regulated under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). However, no atmospheric observations or top-down emission estimates for these gases have been published. In this study, atmospheric histories of the heavy PFCs were determined through new measurements of the Cape Grim Air Archive and a collection of Northern Hemispheric archive flasks using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) cryogenic preconcentration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system "Medusa" [Miller et al., 2008]. Furthermore, global top-down emissions were estimated from 1973-2010 based on the atmospheric histories using an inverse method and the 3-D chemical transport model, Model of OZone and Related Tracers (MOZARTv4.5) [Emmons et al., 2009]. Comparison of the top-down emission estimates with bottom-up estimates from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGARv4.1) shows EDGARv4.1 emission estimates are underestimated by orders of magnitude for C4F10 and C5F12 [European Commission, 2009]. The bottom-up estimates from EDGARv4.1 are comparable to the top-down estimates for C6F14 and C7F16; no bottom-up emission estimates are available for C8F18. Generally, UNFCCC reported inventories by countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol are 5 to 10 times lower than the top-down emission estimates for C4F10, C5F12 and C6F14 (C7F16 and C8F18 are not reported to the UNFCCC). The atmospheric histories and top-down emission estimates presented are the most accurate and comprehensive compiled so far for the high molecular weight PFCs. Furthermore, this study illustrates the importance of
Deformation microstructure and orientation of F.C.C. crystals
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Liu, Q.; Hansen, N.
The effect of crystallographic orientation on the microstructural evolution in f.c.c. metals with medium to high stacking fault energy is analyzed. This analysis is based on a literature review of the behaviour of single crystals and polycrystals supplemented with an experimental study of cold...
Braun-Le Chatelier principle in dissipative thermodynamics
Pavelka, Michal
Braun-Le Chatelier principle is a fundamental result of equilibrium thermodynamics, showing how stable equilibrium states shift when external conditions are varied. The principle follows from convexity of thermodynamic potential. Analogously, from convexity of dissipation potential it follows how steady non-equilibrium states shift when thermodynamic forces are varied, which is the extension of the principle to dissipative thermodynamics.
Optimizing NSSS power and turbine/generator performance for standardized nuclear power plant designs in tropical climates
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The EPR was developed by AREVA as a standardized nuclear power plant design that could be deployed throughout the world. The first EPR is currently being constructed at Olkiluoto, Finland. Many of the plant systems for this first-of-a-kind unit are optimized for the climate and heat rejection method (once-through cooling) used at Olkiluoto. Two such systems are the Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) and the Turbine/Generator (T/G) system. To achieve the EPR's target net electrical output for tropical climates and various condenser heat rejection methods, design studies were performed that showed that the NSSS and T/G system designs developed for the Olkiluoto site conditions required modification. The business case for EPR on U.S. sites where average ambient temperature is above 60 F, implies an economical design that provides an average net electrical output of at least 1600 MWe. It has been shown through parametric studies that the key features of the design needed to achieve this goal are: -) rated core thermal power of 4590 MWth, which is supported by plant systems, structures and components; -) the use of mechanical draft cooling towers rather than natural draft cooling towers; -) a low pressure turbine design with reduced exhaust annulus area; and -) a multi-pressure condenser configuration
Standard practice for radiographic examination of advanced aero and turbine materials and components
American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia
1.1 This practice establishes the minimum requirements for radiographic examination of metallic and nonmetallic materials and components used in designated applications such as gas turbine engines and flight structures. 1.2 The requirements in this practice are intended to control the radiographic process to ensure the quality of radiographic images produced for use in designated applications such as gas turbine engines and flight structures; this practice is not intended to establish acceptance criteria for material or components. When examination is performed in accordance with this practice, engineering drawings, specifications or other applicable documents shall indicate the acceptance criteria. 1.3 All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the respons...
Hydraulic turbines and auxiliary equipment
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Luo Gaorong [Organization of the United Nations, Beijing (China). International Centre of Small Hydroelectric Power Plants
This document presents a general overview on hydraulic turbines and auxiliary equipment, emphasizing the turbine classification, in accordance with the different types of turbines, standard turbine series in China, turbine selection based on the basic data required for the preliminary design, general hill model curves, chart of turbine series and the arrangement of application for hydraulic turbines, hydraulic turbine testing, and speed regulating device.
Measured data from the Avery Island Site C heater test
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Over the past six years, a comprehensive field testing program was conducted in the Avery Island salt mine. Three single canister heater tests were included in the testing program. Specifically, electric heaters, which simulate canisters of heat-generating nuclear waste, were placed in the floor of the Avery Island salt mine, and measurements were made of the response of the salt to heating. These tests were in operation by June 1978. One of the three heater tests, Site C, operated for a period of 1858 days and was decommissioned during July and August 1983. This data report presents the temperature and displacement data gathered during the operation and decommissioning of the Site C heater test. The purpose of this data report is to transmit the data to the scientific community. Rigorous analysis and interpretation of the data are considered beyond the scope of a data report. 6 references, 21 figures, 1 table
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jan Ploeger
Full Text Available Onder die opskrif 1915-1918 is, in die gedenk boek Per aspera ad astra 1920-1970, 'n (aantal bladsye aall 26-Eskader R.P.C. gewy en o.m. verklaar dat die Britse regering met die toenmalige Statebondslande ooreengekom het om alle afsonderlike Lugmag-eenhede by die Royal Flying Corps (R.F.C. in te Iyf. Vervolgens is verwys na 'n skrywe wat op 21 Augustus 1915 deur die War Office aan die Koloniale Ondersekretaris gerig is en waarin die gedagte uitgespreek is om 'n eenheid, bestaande uit Suid-Ajrikaallse personeel, m.a.w. die stigting van 'n suiwer Suid-Afrikaanse eskader van die R.P.C., te oonveeg.
Prof. DR. F. C. Eloff - An appreciation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
G de Graaff
Full Text Available I have been requested to write an appreciation of the man to whom these proceedings of a symposium on the Kalahari Ecosystem are dedicated @ Prof. Dr. F. C. Eloff, or Fritz as he is popularly referred to. I undertook the task with some trepidation and the only claim to the honour to write this article may be the fact that I have known Professor Eloff since 1949 when I was a green-shanked first year veterinary student at the University of Pretoria where he lectured in zoology to the new students.
STM study of C60F18 high dipole moment molecules on Au(111)
Bairagi, K.; Bellec, A.; Chumakov, R. G.; Menshikov, K. A.; Lagoute, J.; Chacon, C.; Girard, Y.; Rousset, S.; Repain, V.; Lebedev, A. M.; Sukhanov, L. P.; Svechnikov, N. Yu.; Stankevich, V. G.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies of C60F18 molecules deposited on Au(111) are reported and compared to C60 molecules both at liquid helium temperature and room temperature (RT). Whereas adsorption and electronic properties of C60F18 single molecules were studied at low temperature (LT), self-assemblies were investigated at RT. In both cases, the fluorine atoms of the C60F18 molecules are pointed towards the surface. Individual C60F18 molecules on Au(111) have a HOMO-LUMO gap of 2.9 eV. The self-assembled islands exhibit a close-packed hexagonal lattice with amorphous borders. The comparison with C60 molecules clearly demonstrates the influence of the C60F18 electric dipole moment (EDM) on the electronic properties of single molecules and on the thermodynamics of self-assembled islands. Besides, the apparent height value of a separate molecule increases in a self-assembly environment as a result of a depolarization phenomenon.
Fast control strategy for stabilising fixed-speed induction-generator-based wind turbines in an islanded distributed system
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Wei, Mu; Chen, Zhe
Distributed generation systems (DGS) with fixed-speed induction-generator-based wind turbines (FSWT) are sensitive and vulnerable to voltage disturbances and reactive power deficiency. Consequently, the control and protection strategies for such a DGS should be prompt and precise to avoid undesired...... wind generator cutting off. This study investigates and analyses the dynamic characteristics of an FSWT to reveal the behaviours of an FSWT under disturbances. Then a fast control strategy for stabilising an islanded DGS is proposed. The main contributions of the control strategy are: the total amount...... of reactive power compensation and load shedding may be determined precisely; all the operation execution points may be decided accurately to improve DGS stability. Furthermore, the implementation of the fast control strategy is also discussed. A case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness...
Development of superalloys for 1700 C ultra-efficient gas turbines
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Harada, Hiroshi [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan). High Temperature Materials Center
Mitigation of global warming is one of the most outstanding issues for the humankind. The Japanese government announced that it will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 25% from the 1990 level by 2020 as a medium-term goal. One of the promising approaches to achieving this is to improve the efficiency of thermal power plants emitting one-third of total CO{sub 2} gas in Japan. The key to improving the thermal efficiency is high temperature materials with excellent temperature capabilities allowing higher inlet gas temperatures. In this context, new single crystal superalloys for turbine blades and vanes, new coatings and turbine disk superalloys have been successfully developed for various gas turbine applications, typically 1700 C ultra-efficient gas turbines for next generation combine cycle power plants. (orig.)
Longitudinal imaging of Alzheimer pathology using [11C]PIB, [18F]FDDNP and [18F]FDG PET
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
[11C]PIB and [18F]FDDNP are PET tracers for in vivo detection of the neuropathology underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). [18F]FDG is a glucose analogue and its uptake reflects metabolic activity. The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal changes in these tracers in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in healthy controls. Longitudinal, paired, dynamic [11C]PIB and [18F]FDDNP (90 min each) and static [18F]FDG (15 min) PET scans were obtained in 11 controls, 12 MCI patients and 8 AD patients. The mean interval between baseline and follow-up was 2.5 years (range 2.0-4.0 years). Parametric [11C]PIB and [18F]FDDNP images of binding potential (BPND) and [18F]FDG standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) images were generated. A significant increase in global cortical [11C]PIB BPND was found in MCI patients, but no changes were observed in AD patients or controls. Subsequent regional analysis revealed that this increase in [11C]PIB BPND in MCI patients was most prominent in the lateral temporal lobe (p 18F]FDDNP, no changes in global BPND were found. [18F]FDG uptake was reduced at follow-up in the AD group only, especially in frontal, parietal and lateral temporal lobes (all p 11C]PIB binding (ρ = -0.42, p 18F]FDG uptake (ρ = 0.54, p 18F]FDDNP binding (ρ = -0.18, p = 0.35) were not. [11C]PIB and [18F]FDG track molecular changes in different stages of AD. We found increased amyloid load in MCI patients and progressive metabolic impairment in AD patients. [18F]FDDNP seems to be less useful for examining disease progression. (orig.)
Preliminary studies on the reaction of growing geese (Anser anser f. domestica) to the proximity of wind turbines.
Mikolajczak, J; Borowski, S; Marć-Pieńkowska, J; Odrowaz-Sypniewska, G; Bernacki, Z; Siódmiak, J; Szterk, P
Wind farms produce electricity without causing air pollution and environmental degradation. Unfortunately, wind turbines are a source of infrasound, which may cause a number of physiological effects, such as an increase in cortisol and catecholamine secretion. The impact of infrasound noise, emitted by wind turbines, on the health of geese and other farm animals has not previously been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of noise, generated by wind turbines, on the stress parameters (cortisol) and the weight gain of geese kept in surrounding areas. The study consisted of 40 individuals of 5-week-old domestic geese Anser anser f domestica, divided into 2 equal groups. The first experimental gaggle (I) remained within 50 m from turbine and the second one (II) within 500 m. During the 12 weeks of the study, noise measurements were also taken. Weight gain and the concentration of cortisol in blood were assessed and significant differences in both cases were found. Geese from gaggle I gained less weight and had a higher concentration of cortisol in blood, compared to individuals from gaggle II. Lower activity and some disturbing changes in behavior of animals from group I were noted. Results of the study suggest a negative effect of the immediate vicinity of a wind turbine on the stress parameters of geese and their productivity.
Psiloxylon mauritianum (Bouton ex Hook.f.) Baillon (Myrtaceae): A promising traditional medicinal plant from the Mascarene Islands
Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Korumtollee, Housna Nazifah; Chady, Zaynab Zaina Banu Khan
Psiloxylon mauritianum (PM) (Bouton ex Hook.f.) Baillon (Myrtaceae) is an evergreen endemic medicinal plant which has shown promising uses in traditional medicine from the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion Islands). Folk use of this endemic plant in Mauritius and Réunion Islands has been geared toward the treatment and management of amenorrhea, dysentery and Type II diabetes mellitus. Recent findings from in vitro studies have led to the discovery of two potent acids namely corosolic a...
New protein fold revealed by a 1.65 Å resolution crystal structure of Francisella tularensis pathogenicity island protein IglC
Sun, Ping; Austin, Brian P.; Schubot, Florian D.; Waugh, David S.
Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that causes the fulminating disease tularemia and is considered to be a potential bioweapon. F. tularensis pathogenicity island proteins play a key role in modulating phagosome biogenesis and subsequent bacterial escape into the cytoplasm of macrophages. The 23 kDa pathogenicity island protein IglC is essential for the survival and proliferation of F. tularensis in macrophages. Seeking to gain some insight into its function, we determined the crystal structure of IglC at 1.65 Å resolution. IglC adopts a β-sandwich conformation that exhibits no similarity with any known protein structure. PMID:17905833
Simulation of electricity supply of an Atlantic island by offshore wind turbines and wave energy converters associated with a medium scale local energy storage
Babarit, Aurélien; Ben Ahmed, Hamid; Clément, Alain; Debusschere, Vincent; Duclos, Gaelle; Multon, Bernard; Robin, Gaël
International audience This paper describes the problem of sizing an electricity storage for an island supplied by both marine renewables (offshore wind and waves) and the mainland grid. This problem is addressed by a case study based on a full year resource and consumption data. Generators (wave energy converters and wind turbines), transmission lines and battery storage (Lead acid technology) are accounted for through basic simplified models while the focus is put on electricity import/e...
Measured effects of wind turbine generation at the Block Island Power Company
Wilreker, V. F.; Smith, R. F.; Stiller, P. H.; Scot, G. W.; Shaltens, R. K.
Data measurements made on the NASA MOD-OA 200-kw wind-turbine generator (WTG) installed on a utility grid form the basis for an overall performance analysis. Fuel displacement/-savings, dynamic interactions, and WTG excitation (reactive-power) control effects are studied. Continuous recording of a large number of electrical and mechanical variables on FM magnetic tape permit evaluation and correlation of phenomena over a bandwidth of at least 20 Hz. Because the wind-power penetration reached peaks of 60 percent, the impact of wind fluctuation and wind-turbine/diesel-utility interaction is evaluated in a worst-case scenario. The speed-governor dynamics of the diesel units exhibited an underdamped response, and the utility operation procedures were not altered to optimize overall WTG/utility performance. Primary findings over the data collection period are: a calculated 6.7-percent reduction in fuel consumption while generating 11 percent of the total electrical energy; acceptable system voltage and frequency fluctuations with WTG connected; and applicability of WTG excitation schemes using voltage, power, or VARS as the controlled variable.
Standardization of C-14 by tracing method
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Koskinas, Marina F.; Kuznetsova, Maria; Yamazaki, Ione; Brancaccio, Franco; Dias, Mauro S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)
The standardization of a {sup 14}C radioactive solution by means of the efficiency tracing technique is described. The {sup 14}C is a beta pure emitter with endpoint energy of 156 keV decaying to the ground state of {sup 14}N. The activity measurement was performed in a 4πβ-γ coincidence system, measuring the pure beta emitter mixed with a beta gamma emitter, which provides the beta detection efficiency. The radionuclide {sup 60}Co, which decays by beta particle followed by two gamma rays, was used as tracer and the efficiency was obtained by selecting the 1173 keV plus 1332 keV total energy absorption peak at the gamma channel. Known aliquots of the tracer, previously standardized by 4πβ (PC)-γ coincidence, were mixed with known aliquots of {sup 14}C. The sources of {sup 14}C + {sup 60}Co were prepared by dropping known aliquots from each radioactive solution. The events were registered by a Software Coincidence System (SCS). The activity of the solution was determined by using the extrapolation technique, changing the beta efficiency by pulse height discrimination. In order to determine the final activity, a Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the extrapolation curve. All the uncertainties involved were treated rigorously, by means of the covariance analysis methodology. Measurements using a HIDEX, a commercial liquid scintillator system, were carried out and the results were compared with the tracing technique, showing a good agreement. (author)
C++ Coding Standards for the AMP Project
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Evans, Thomas M [ORNL; Clarno, Kevin T [ORNL
This document provides an initial starting point to define the C++ coding standards used by the AMP nuclear fuel performance integrated code project and a part of AMP's software development process. This document draws from the experiences, and documentation [1], of the developers of the Marmot Project at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Much of the software in AMP will be written in C++. The power of C++ can be abused easily, resulting in code that is difficult to understand and maintain. This document gives the practices that should be followed on the AMP project for all new code that is written. The intent is not to be onerous but to ensure that the code can be readily understood by the entire code team and serve as a basis for collectively defining a set of coding standards for use in future development efforts. At the end of the AMP development in fiscal year (FY) 2010, all developers will have experience with the benefits, restrictions, and limitations of the standards described and will collectively define a set of standards for future software development. External libraries that AMP uses do not have to meet these requirements, although we encourage external developers to follow these practices. For any code of which AMP takes ownership, the project will decide on any changes on a case-by-case basis. The practices that we are using in the AMP project have been in use in the Denovo project [2] for several years. The practices build on those given in References [3-5]; the practices given in these references should also be followed. Some of the practices given in this document can also be found in [6].
Biologie en landbouw. F.A.F.C. Went en de Indische proefstations
Wim van der Schoor
Biology and agriculture: F.A.F.C. Went (1863-1935) and the agricultural experiment stations in the Dutch East Indies.
From the end of the nineteenth century, Dutch biologists stressed the practical significance of their discipline, especially for agriculture. According to the influential Dutch botanist F.A.F.C. Went, progress in agriculture could only ...
Parametric Analysis of the Exergoeconomic Operation Costs, Environmental and Human Toxicity Indexes of the MF501F3 Gas Turbine
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Edgar Vicente Torres-González
Full Text Available This work presents an energetic, exergoeconomic, environmental, and toxicity analysis of the simple gas turbine M501F3 based on a parametric analysis of energetic (thermal efficiency, fuel and air flow rates, and specific work output, exergoeconomic (exergetic efficiency and exergoeconomic operation costs, environmental (global warming, smog formation, acid rain indexes, and human toxicity indexes, by taking the compressor pressure ratio and the turbine inlet temperature as the operating parameters. The aim of this paper is to provide an integral, systematic, and powerful diagnostic tool to establish possible operation and maintenance actions to improve the gas turbine's exergoeconomic, environmental, and human toxicity indexes. Despite the continuous changes in the price of natural gas, the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine always contribute 18.96%, 53.02%, and 28%, respectively, to the gas turbine's exergoeconomic operation costs. The application of this methodology can be extended to other simple gas turbines using the pressure drops and isentropic efficiencies, among others, as the degradation parameters, as well as to other energetic systems, without loss of generality.
Development of standardized air-blown coal gasifier/gas turbine concepts for future electric power systems, Volume 4. Appendix C: Design and performance of standardized fixed bed air-blown gasifier IGCC systems for future electric power generation: Final report
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
This appendix is a compilation of work done to predict overall cycle performance from gasifier to generator terminals. A spreadsheet has been generated for each case to show flows within a cycle. The spreadsheet shows gaseous or solid composition of flow, temperature of flow, quantity of flow, and heat heat content of flow. Prediction of steam and gas turbine performance was obtained by the computer program GTPro. Outputs of all runs for each combined cycle reviewed has been added to this appendix. A process schematic displaying all flows predicted through GTPro and the spreadsheet is also added to this appendix. The numbered bubbles on the schematic correspond to columns on the top headings of the spreadsheet.
Electron interactions with c-C4F8
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The limited electron collision cross-section and transport-coefficient data for the plasma processing gas perfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8) are synthesized, assessed, and discussed. These include cross sections for total electron scattering, differential elastic electron scattering, partial and total ionization, dissociation into neutral fragments, and electron attachment, as well as data on electron transport, ionization, and attachment coefficients. The available data on both the electron collision cross sections and the electron transport coefficients require confirmation. Also, measurements are needed of the momentum transfer and elastic integral cross sections, and of the cross sections for other significant low-energy electron collision processes such as vibrational and electronic excitation. In addition, electron transport data over a wider range of values of the density-reduced electric field are needed. The present assessment of data on electron affinity, attachment, and scattering suggests the existence of negative ion states near -0.6, 4.9, 6.9, 9.0, and 10.5 eV
The k-ε-fP model applied to double wind turbine wakes using different actuator disk force methods
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Laan, van der, Paul Maarten; Sørensen, Niels N.; Réthoré, Pierre-Elouan;
The newly developed k-ε-fP eddy viscosity model is applied to double wind turbine wake configurations in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer, using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes solver. The wind turbines are represented by actuator disks. A proposed variable actuator disk force method...... is employed to estimate the power production of the interacting wind turbines, and the results are compared with two existing methods: a method based on tabulated airfoil data and a method based on the axial induction from 1D momentum theory. The proposed method calculates the correct power, while the other...
78 FR 65554 - Exhaust Emission Standards for New Aircraft Turbine Engines and Identification Plate for Aircraft...
... Aircraft Turbine Engines and Identification Plate for Aircraft Engines Correction In rule document 2013... for Subsonic Engines'', in the third column, in the last row, the entry ``rO > 26.7'' is corrected...
Special Issue on Signal Processing for Mechanical Systems in Honor of Professor Simon Braun
Fassois, Spilios D.
This Special Issue is in honor of a pioneer of the area of Signal Processing for Mechanical Systems and, at the same time, Founding Editor of the Journal of Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing (MSSP), Professor Simon Braun.
40 CFR 60.332 - Standard for nitrogen oxides.
... from paragraph (a) of this section. (f) Stationary gas turbines using water or steam injection for... engaged by manufacturers in research and development of equipment for both gas turbine emission control... Turbines § 60.332 Standard for nitrogen oxides. (a) On and after the date on which the performance...
Precise f_{D*,B*} and f_{B_c} from QCD spectral sum rules
Narison, Stephan
Anticipating future precise measurements of the B-like leptonic decays for alternative determinations of the CKM mixing angles or/and for predicting their semi-leptonic and hadronic decays, we pursue our program on the B-like mesons by improving the estimates of f_D* and f_B* [analogue to f_\\pi=130.4(2) MeV] using suitable ratios of the well-established (inverse) Laplace sum rules less affected by the systematics and known to N2LO pQCD and where the full d=6 non-perturbative condensate contributions are included. An estimate of the N3LO terms based on geometric growth of the pQCD series is included in the error calculations. Our optimal results based on stability criteria and on an (in)dependence on the choice of the QCD subtraction point read: f_D*/f_D=1.209(22),f_B*/f_B=1.031(8) which imply : f_D*=246(7) MeV and f_B*=212(8) MeV if we use our recent results in [1] for f_D and f_B. We complete the analysis by a direct estimate of f_Bc using the complete NLO + N2LO for massless m_c pQCD expression and complete...
Stationary gas turbines of all performance classes in a flexible power supply operation; Stationaere Gasturbinen. Gasturbinen aller Leistungsklassen im flexiblen Netzbetrieb
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Within the 8th VDI conference from 20th to 21st November, 2012, at the Electoral Palace Mainz (Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany), the following lectures were held: (1) Introduction of the twin-shaft industrial gas turbine SGT-300 (C. Engelbert); (2) The new 6 MW gas turbine for the power generation (Michael Blaswich); (3) Successful increase of the breakeven performance of the SGT5-2000E based on the Si3D blading (S. Kliesch); (4) Advanced Condition Monitoring at E.ON (T. Burridge-Oakland); (5) Experiences from 10 years of monitoring at gas turbine power plants (D. Therkon); (6) Operating experience with GE's Intercooled LMS100 (B. Mehmetli); (7) First long-term experience with the operational flexibility of the SGT5-8000H (C. Scholz); (8) Plant concept and operational concept with small gas turbines for the heat production and power generation meeting the demands in line with market conditions (D. Seibt); (9) Operational experiences with remote diagnostic services in the power range up to 25 MW (H. Berghaus); (10) European regulations having an influence on design and operation of gas turbines - An overview (M. Zelinger); (11) Future concepts for fuel flexibility - Experience with hydrogen-based fuels (R. Lachner); (12) Requirements from functional safety to gas turbines - Importance and benefit for gas turbine development (G. Weber); (13) Standard for the procurement of gas turbines: ISO 19859 Gas turbine applications - requirements for power generation (I. Rattmann); (14) Future projects for fuel flexibility in the test phase: Natural gas / hydrogen co-firing (G. Fruechtel); (15) Measures for the reduction of emissions at Siemens V64.3 gas turbines (K. Jordan); (16) Flexible operation of the SGT5-4000F by fuel transfers in a wide load range (J. Meisl); (17) Technical features of the GT26 gas turbine to improve the flexibility of the combined cycle system KA26 (W. Reiter).
Preparing for the new C++11 standard
Naumann, Axel
C++11 is a revolution to C++, adding many essential features (such as std:: unordered_map) and new syntactic constructs (e.g. rvalue references, lambdas). Interfaces, e.g. header files, have to be understood also by C++ novices. Limiting the exposed features is already common for C++ 2003[2], and will likely be necessary for C++11, even for the bravest programmers. This contribution explains why a compiler is the ideal tool for enforcing such rules, and what the options are for implementing it. It proposes clang, the LLVM-based C++ compiler front-end as an example implementation.
Selective growth of Pb islands on graphene/SiC buffer layers
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Graphene is fabricated by thermal decomposition of silicon carbide (SiC) and Pb islands are deposited by Pb flux in molecular beam epitaxy chamber. It is found that graphene domains and SiC buffer layer coexist. Selective growth of Pb islands on SiC buffer layer rather than on graphene domains is observed. It can be ascribed to the higher adsorption energy of Pb atoms on the 6√(3) reconstruction of SiC. However, once Pb islands nucleate on graphene domains, they will grow very large owing to the lower diffusion barrier of Pb atoms on graphene. The results are consistent with first-principle calculations. Since Pb atoms on graphene are nearly free-standing, Pb islands grow in even-number mode
The Development of 2700-3000 F Environmental Barrier Coatings for SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites: Challenges and Opportunities
Zhu, Dongming
Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) and SiCSiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) systems will play a crucial role in future turbine engines for hot-section component applications because of their ability to significantly increase engine operating temperatures, reduce engine weight and cooling requirements. The development of prime-reliant environmental barrier coatings is a key to enable the applications of the envisioned 2700-3000F EBC - CMC systems to help achieve next generation engine performance and durability goals. This paper will primarily address the performance requirements and design considerations of environmental barrier coatings for turbine engine applications. The emphasis is placed on current NASA candidate environmental barrier coating systems for SiCSiC CMCs, their performance benefits and design limitations in long-term operation and combustion environments. The efforts have been also directed to developing prime-reliant, self-healing 2700F EBC bond coat; and high stability, lower thermal conductivity, and durable EBC top coats. Major technical barriers in developing environmental barrier coating systems, the coating integrations with next generation CMCs having the improved environmental stability, cyclic durability, erosion-impact resistance, and long-term system performance will be described. The research and development opportunities for turbine engine environmental barrier coating systems by utilizing improved compositions, state-of-the-art processing methods, and simulated environment testing and durability modeling will be discussed.
26 CFR 1.430(f)-1 - Effect of prefunding balance and funding standard carryover balance.
... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Effect of prefunding balance and funding standard carryover balance. 1.430(f)-1 Section 1.430(f)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Effect of prefunding balance and funding standard carryover balance. (a) In general—(1) Overview....
Electron attachment properties of c-C4F8O in different environments
Chachereau, A.; Fedor, J.; Janečková, R.; Kočišek, J.; Rabie, M.; Franck, C. M.
The electron attachment properties of octafluorotetrahydrofuran (c-C4F8O) are investigated using two complementary experimental setups. The attachment and ionization cross sections of c-C4F8O are measured using an electron beam experiment. The effective ionization rate coefficient, electron drift velocity and electron diffusion coefficient in c-C4F8O diluted to concentrations lower than 0.6% in the buffer gases N2, CO2 and Ar, are measured using a pulsed Townsend experiment. A kinetic model is proposed, which combines the results of the two experiments.
Standardization of 18F by digital coincidence counting
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The radioactivity of 18F has been measured by a digital coincidence counting (DCC) system. The main advantages of the digital coincidence counting technique are a shortening of the measurement time as compared with conventional coincidence counting and an ability to obtain activities with various experimental parameters through off-line analysis. The measurement results of radioactivity for 18F solution were compared with those of a conventional coincidence counting technique and a reference ion chamber method. - Highlights: ► Radioactivity of F-18 is measured by a DCC technique. ► DCC technique has an advantage for the radionuclide with short half-life. ► Activity results show a good agreement with those of other methods.
Development of submersible generator propeller turbines. Standard machines for low flow rates at small heights of fall; Entwicklung von Tauchgenerator-Propellerturbinen. Standard-Maschinen fuer geringe Abfluesse bei kleinen Fallhoeher
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Breitenstein, Juerg
Dee to the rapidly increasing energy prices and due to the partly attractive feed-in tariffs the use of small hydropower currently is experiencing an enormous upswing worldwide. What was missing was a cost-effective, robust and reliable water turbine which uses low flows at low height of fall. With the newly developed submersible generator propeller turbine from AZ ingenierie SA (Freiburg, Switzerland) in industrialized countries electricity now can be fed directly into the grid. In addition, with this a household canbe operated in island mode in third world countries.
Rederiernes standard for tilgængelighed i færgeterminaler
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bredmose, Annette; Ginnerup, Søren
Denne standard giver et samlet overblik over, hvordan færgeterminaler kan indrettes, så de er ligeværdigt tilgængelige for alle uanset funktions-nedsættelse. Standarden består af en række tjeklister. Den første tjekliste følger passagerens vej fra ankomst til færgeterminal til skib og dækker...
Amorphous magnetism in f.c.c. Vicalloy II
Cusick, J. P.; Bambakidis, G.; Becker, L. C.
The results of magnetization and Mossbauer experiments are described which give evidence for superparamagnetism in the quenched face-centered-cubic (gamma) phase of the ternary system Fe .34, C .52, V .14 (Vicalloy II). Magnetometer data are given which clearly show that splat-cooled Vicalloy II does not exhibit long-range magnetic order. These data together with the Mossbauer data indicate that short-range magnetic ordering occurs which is temperature-dependent with coalescence of magnetic clusters over a limited temperature range. The model presented reasonably accounts for the observed effects and indicates that this ternary system is superparamagnetic down to 4.2 K.
Passivation of surface-nanostructured f-SiC and porous SiC
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ou, Haiyan; Lu, Weifang; Ou, Yiyu;
The further enhancement of photoluminescence from nanostructured fluorescent silicon carbide (f-SiC) and porous SiC by using atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 is studied in this paper.......The further enhancement of photoluminescence from nanostructured fluorescent silicon carbide (f-SiC) and porous SiC by using atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 is studied in this paper....
Atmospheric chemistry of C2F5CHO: mechanism of the C2F5C(O)O-2+HO2 reaction
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Andersen, Mads Peter Sulbæk; Hurley, MD; Wallington, TJ;
Smog chamber/FTIR techniques were used to study the gas-phase reaction of C2F5C(O) with HO2 radicals in 100-700 Torr of air, or O-2, diluent at 296 K. The reaction proceeds by two pathways leading to formation of C2F5C(O)OH and O-3 in ayield of 24 +/- 4% and C2F5C(O)O radicals, OH radicals and O-2...... in a yield of 76 +/- 4 The gas phase reaction of CnF2n+1C(O)O-2 with HO2 radicals offers a potential explanation for at least part of the observed environmental burden of fluorinated carboxylic acids, CnF2n+1C(O)OH. As part of this work an upper limit for the rate constant of reaction of Cl atorns with C2F5C(O)OH...... at 296 K was determined; k(Cl + C2F5C(O)OH)
Ceramic stationary gas turbine
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Roode, M. van [Solar Turbines Inc., San Diego, CA (United States)
The performance of current industrial gas turbines is limited by the temperature and strength capabilities of the metallic structural materials in the engine hot section. Because of their superior high-temperature strength and durability, ceramics can be used as structural materials for hot section components (blades, nozzles, combustor liners) in innovative designs at increased turbine firing temperatures. The benefits include the ability to increase the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) to about 1200{degrees}C ({approx}2200{degrees}F) or more with uncooled ceramics. It has been projected that fully optimized stationary gas turbines would have a {approx}20 percent gain in thermal efficiency and {approx}40 percent gain in output power in simple cycle compared to all metal-engines with air-cooled components. Annual fuel savings in cogeneration in the U.S. would be on the order of 0.2 Quad by 2010. Emissions reductions to under 10 ppmv NO{sub x} are also forecast. This paper describes the progress on a three-phase, 6-year program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Industrial Technologies, to achieve significant performance improvements and emissions reductions in stationary gas turbines by replacing metallic hot section components with ceramic parts. Progress is being reported for the period September 1, 1994, through September 30, 1995.
Rotor architecture in the yeast and bovine F1-c-ring complexes of F-ATP synthase.
Giraud, Marie-France; Paumard, Patrick; Sanchez, Corinne; Brèthes, Daniel; Velours, Jean; Dautant, Alain
The F(1)F(O)-ATP synthase is a rotary molecular nanomotor. F(1) is a chemical motor driven by ATP hydrolysis while F(O) is an electrical motor driven by the proton flow. The two stepping motors are mechanically coupled through a common rotary shaft. Up to now, the three available crystal structures of the F(1)c(10) sub-complex of the yeast F(1)F(O)-ATP synthase were isomorphous and then named yF(1)c(10)(I). In this crystal form, significant interactions of the c(10)-ring with the F(1)-head of neighboring molecules affected the overall conformation of the F(1)-c-ring complex. The symmetry axis of the F(1)-head and the inertia axis of the c-ring were tilted near the interface between the F(1)-central stalk and the c-ring rotor, resulting in an unbalanced machine. We have solved a new crystal form of the F(1)c(10) complex, named yF(1)c(10)(II), inhibited by adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), at 6.5Å resolution in which the crystal packing has a weaker influence over the conformation of the F(1)-c-ring complex. yF(1)c(10)(II) provides a model of a more efficient generator. yF(1)c(10)(II) and bovine bF(1)c(8) structures share a common rotor architecture with the inertia center of the F(1)-stator close to the rotor axis. PMID:22119846
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Corman, J. [General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY (United States)
A major step has been taken in the development of the Next Power Generation System - {open_quotes}H{close_quotes} Technology Combined Cycle. This new gas turbine combined-cycle system increases thermal performance to the 60% level by increasing gas turbine operating temperature to 1430 C (2600 F) at a pressure ratio of 23 to 1. Although this represents a significant increase in operating temperature for the gas turbine, the potential for single digit NOx levels (based upon 15% O{sub 2}, in the exhaust) has been retained. The combined effect of performance increase and environmental control is achieved by an innovative closed loop steam cooling system which tightly integrates the gas turbine and steam turbine cycles. The {open_quotes}H{close_quotes} Gas Turbine Combined Cycle System meets the goals and objectives of the DOE Advanced Turbine System Program. The development and demonstration of this new system is being carried out as part of the Industrial/Government cooperative agreement under the ATS Program. This program will achieve first commercial operation of this new system before the end of the century.
Quasiclassical Trajectory Study of Collisional Energy Transfer between Highly Excited C6F6 and N2 ,O2 and Ground State C6F6
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Jian Hua ZHOU; Shao Kun WANG; Zhi Jun YU; Hai Hui JIANG; Yue Shu GU
Quasiclassical trajectory calculation (QCT) is used frequently for studying collisional energy transfer between highly vibrationally excited molecules and bath gases. In this paper, the QCT of the energy transfer between highly vibrationally excited C6F6 and N2 ,O2 and ground state C6F6 were performed. The results indicate that highly vibrationally excited C6F6 transferred vibrational energy to vibrational distribution of N2, O2 and ground state C6F6, so they are V-V energy transfer. Especially it is mainly V-V resonance energy transfer between excited C6F6 and ground state C6F6, excited C6F6 transfers more vibrational energy to ground state C6F6 than to N2 and O2 . The values of QCT , -〈△Evib〉of excited C6F6 are smaller than those of experiments.
Privatwirtschaftlicher Standard für ökologisches/biologisches Heimtierfutter
Rombach, Martin; Schick, Alissa
In Deutschland existiert bisher weder ein nationaler Standard für Heimtierfutter noch ein anerkannter oder akzeptierter privatwirtschaftlicher Standard. Der vorliegende Standard soll diese Lücke schließen und den Herstellern und Inverkehrbringern von Heimtierfuttermitteln, welche mit einem Hinweis auf den ökologischen Landbau gekennzeichnet werden, eine Vermarktung erlauben und Rechtssicherheit geben.
Elaboration of global quality standards for natural and low energy cooling in French tropical island buildings
Garde, F; Gatina, J C
Electric load profiles of tropical islands in developed countries are characterised by morning, midday and evening peaks arising from all year round high power demand in the commercial and residential sectors, due mostly to air conditioning appliances and bad thermal conception of the building. The work presented in this paper has led to the conception of a global quality standards obtained through optimized bioclimatic urban planning and architectural design, the use of passive cooling architectural components, natural ventilation and energy efficient systems such as solar water heaters. We evaluated, with the aid of an airflow and thermal building simulation software (CODYRUN), the impact of each technical solution on thermal comfort within the building. These technical solutions have been implemented in 280 new pilot dwelling projects through the year 1996.
C++ Coding Standards 101 Rules, Guidelines, and Best Practices
Sutter, Herb
Consistent, high-quality coding standards improve software quality, reduce time-to-market, promote teamwork, eliminate time wasted on inconsequential matters, and simplify maintenance. Now, two of the world's most respected C++ experts distill the rich collective experience of the global C++ community into a set of coding standards that every developer and development team can understand and use as a basis for their own coding standards.
Some data on the avifauna of the Island of Roti, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia
Verheijen, J.A.J.
INTRODUCTION For several years I had been looking for an opportunity to visit the island of Roti (Rotti, Roté, Loté). Junge (1954) mentions that only once an ornithological collection was made in the island, namely by Dr. H. F. C. ten Kate, an ethnologist who visited the island in 1891. Büttikofer (
Comet C/1917 F1 (Mellish) meteor shower complex
Hajdukova, M.; Neslusan, L.
In this study, we mapped the whole meteor complex of the long-period comet C/1917 F1 (Mellish), using a procedure of proven reliability when investigating the 96P/Machholz and 2003 EH1 streams (Neslusan et al., 2013a; 2013b). For five perihelion passages of the comet C/1917 F1 in the past, we modeled associated theoretical streams, each consisting of 10000 test particles, and followed their dynamical evolution until the present. Subsequently, we analyzed the orbital characteristics of the parts of a stream that approach the Earth's orbit. These particles were used to predict the corresponding meteor showers. The predicted showers were searched for in the databases of actually observed meteors. According to our modeling, the meteoroid stream of the comet Mellish can be split into 4 filaments (F1 to F4), with 4 distinct radiant areas. The most numerous shower that originates in the comet nucleus of C/1917 F1 corresponds to theoretical filament F3. The meteoroids of this filament approach to the Earth's orbit relatively soon after their ejection from the nucleus. We identified this filament as the December Monocerotids (No. 19 in the IAU MDC list of the established showers). In the phase space of orbital elements, the shower occurs in the vicinity of another established shower, 250 November Orionids. However, shower No. 250 is obviously not related to C/1917 F1 since no single theoretical particle, in all five models, is in an orbit similar to the mean orbit of this shower. Filament F1 might be identified to 348 April rho-Cygnids, the meteoroid stream that was recently discovered by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (Brown et al., 2010). In our models, this filament is numerous and, hence, the shower is well predicted. The particles of filament F1 and, therefore, the real April rho-Cygnids originating in C/1917 F1 can approach the Earth's orbit and collide with our planet not earlier than about 20 millennia after their release from the parent-comet nucleus. Despite this
Floros, G; Neufeld, N
The demand for faster and more reliable networks is growing day by day both in commercial and scientific applications, driving many innovations in network protocols, fiber optics and network-controllers. Operating fast links on relatively inexpensive hardware is a very important challenging aspect of this. One important way to enable this is to provide the network with an existing mechanism of error correction, called Forward Error Correction (F.E.C.). Although error-correcting codes exist for over six decades and F.E.C. is applied in various projects, it is still not widespread in Ethernet networks. F.E.C. introduces a very cost effective way to expand the limits of any network based on micro-controllers synthesized on FPGAs, but it is provided only for specific applications, such as backplane systems. Most of the FPGA and/or IP core vendors either do not provide this feature on their Ethernet implementations or their F.E.C. implementations are based on Ethernet micro-controllers that have a different struct...
A process supported by the utility BBPC for analysing Braun-Blanquet data on a personal computer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
H. Bezuidenhout
Full Text Available Many South African vegetation scientists use utilise the Braun-Blanquet methodology. The main aim of this paper is to describe an affordable, rapid and efficient process for analysing Braun-Blanquet phytosociological data sets on a personal computer. It describes a suite of utilities joining various phases and this makes the entire process possible.
Quantitative relationship between hepatocytic neoplasms and islands of cellular alteration during hepatocarcinogenesis in the male F344 rat.
Kaufmann, W. K.; Mackenzie, S. A.; Kaufman, D G
Hepatocytic neoplasms (nodules and carcinomas) and islands of cellular alteration which display abnormal retention of glycogen on fasting were quantified in F344 male rats at intervals after initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by the combination of a two-thirds partial hepatectomy with a single treatment with methyl(acetoxymethyl)-nitrosamine during the subsequent peak of DNA synthesis in regenerating livers. In initiated rats fed the liver tumor promoter phenobarbital, yields of neoplasms and...
A comparison of fatigue loads of wind turbine resulting from a non-Gaussian turbulence model vs. standard ones
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This project funded by the federal ministry of education and research from the research group 'Wind turbulence and its significance in the use of wind energy' handles a comparison between the load ranges for horizontal axis wind turbines resulting from different turbulence models, i.e. between the usual models as defined in the standards and a new model designed by Friedrich and Kleinhans. This should enable an evaluation of the relevance of this new model for wind modelling for wind turbines and if so, provide the community with new tools in wind simulation. Indeed, spectral models do not well reproduce extreme wind increments as met in gusts. Those models simulate using purely Gaussian statistics. However, measurements show that those increments do not follow normal statistics. The new model developed aims at correcting this problem. The turbulence models used are the Kaimal, von Karman and Mann models as defined in the IEC guidelines and the Friedrich-Kleinhans model, based on stochastic processes called Continuous Time Random Walks. The comparison is based on load ranges resulting from an RFC analysis of 100 time series obtained for 100 different seed numbers. Five wind speeds are investigated. The aeroelastic code used is FLEX5. The main conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the non-Gaussian Friedrich-Kleinhans model produces loads that are significantly different from the loads obtained with the Kaimal model. That proves that the form of the tails of the increment distribution has a major influence on the loads of the wind turbine and should be considered when making fatigue calculations
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nirm V. Nirmalan
remarkably high, that is a 1-2.5% change in ratio for an 11.1 C (20 F) change in temperature at flame temperatures between 1482.2 C (2700 F) and 1760 C (3200 F). Sensor ratio calibration was performed using flame temperatures determined by calculations using the amount of unburned oxygen in the exhaust and by the fuel/air ratio of the combustible gas mixture. The agreement between the results of these two methods was excellent. The sensor methods characterized are simple and viable. Experiments are underway to validate the GE Flame Temperature Sensor as a practical tool for use with multiburner gas turbine combustors. The lower heating value (LHV) Fuel Quality Sensor consists of a catalytic film deposited on the surface of a microhotplate. This micromachined design has low heat capacity and thermal conductivity, making it ideal for heating catalysts placed on its surface. Several methods of catalyst deposition were investigated, including micropen deposition and other proprietary methods, which permit precise and repeatable placement of the materials. The use of catalysts on the LHV sensor expands the limits of flammability (LoF) of combustion fuels as compared with conventional flames; an unoptimized LoF of 1-32% for natural gas (NG) in air was demonstrated with the microcombustor, whereas conventionally 4 to 16% is observed. The primary goal of this work was to measure the LHV of NG fuels. The secondary goal was to determine the relative quantities of the various components of NG mixes. This determination was made successfully by using an array of different catalysts operating at different temperatures. The combustion parameters for methane were shown to be dependent on whether Pt or Pd catalysts were used. In this project, significant effort was expended on making the LHV platform more robust by the addition of high-temperature stable materials, such as tantalum, and the use of passivation overcoats to protect the resistive heater/sensor materials from degradation in the
Stereotactic Comparison Study of 18F-Alfatide and 18F-FDG PET Imaging in an LLC Tumor-Bearing C57BL/6 Mouse Model
Wei, Yu-Chun; Gao, Yongsheng; Zhang, Jianbo; Fu, Zheng; Zheng, Jinsong; Liu, Ning; Hu, Xudong; Hou, Wenhong; Yu, Jinming; Yuan, Shuanghu
This study aimed to stereotactically compare the PET imaging performance of 18F-Alfatide (18F-ALF-NOTA-PRGD2, denoted as 18F-Alfatide) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mouse model. 18F-FDG standard uptake values (SUVs) were higher than 18F-Alfatide SUVs in tumors, most of the normal tissues and organs except for the bladder. Tumor-to-brain, tumor-to-lung, and tumor-to-heart ratios of 18F-Alfatide PET were significantly higher than those of 18F-FDG PET (P SUV and GLUT-1 (R = 0.895, P SUV and αvβ3 (R = 0.595, P = 0.019), 18F-FDG SUV and 18F-Alfatide SUV (R = 0.917, P < 0.001), and GLUT-1 and αvβ3 (R = 0.637, P = 0.011). Therefore, 18F-Alfatide PET may be an effective tracer for tumor detection, spatial heterogeneity imaging and an alternative supplement to 18F-FDG PET, particularly for patients with enhanced characteristics in the brain, chest tumors or diabetes, meriting further study. PMID:27350554
Stereotactic Comparison Study of (18)F-Alfatide and (18)F-FDG PET Imaging in an LLC Tumor-Bearing C57BL/6 Mouse Model.
Wei, Yu-Chun; Gao, Yongsheng; Zhang, Jianbo; Fu, Zheng; Zheng, Jinsong; Liu, Ning; Hu, Xudong; Hou, Wenhong; Yu, Jinming; Yuan, Shuanghu
This study aimed to stereotactically compare the PET imaging performance of (18)F-Alfatide ((18)F-ALF-NOTA-PRGD2, denoted as (18)F-Alfatide) and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mouse model. (18)F-FDG standard uptake values (SUVs) were higher than (18)F-Alfatide SUVs in tumors, most of the normal tissues and organs except for the bladder. Tumor-to-brain, tumor-to-lung, and tumor-to-heart ratios of (18)F-Alfatide PET were significantly higher than those of (18)F-FDG PET (P SUV and GLUT-1 (R = 0.895, P SUV and αvβ3 (R = 0.595, P = 0.019), (18)F-FDG SUV and (18)F-Alfatide SUV (R = 0.917, P < 0.001), and GLUT-1 and αvβ3 (R = 0.637, P = 0.011). Therefore, (18)F-Alfatide PET may be an effective tracer for tumor detection, spatial heterogeneity imaging and an alternative supplement to (18)F-FDG PET, particularly for patients with enhanced characteristics in the brain, chest tumors or diabetes, meriting further study. PMID:27350554
Electronic excitation of C4F6 isomers by electron impact
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We have measured electronic excitation differential cross sections for C4F6 molecules isomers by electron impact. In the case of hexafluoro-1,3-butadiene we observed an optical forbidden transition at around 5 eV. The spectra of the three C4F6 isomers show the most intense band clearly shifted to lower energies when going from 2-C4F6, to c-C4F6 and to 1,3-C4F6.
A Novel Topological Index F* and Its Correlation With Standard Formaton Enthalpies of ABn(g) Molecules
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
The topological index F* is defined and obtained by the method of a non-dimensional unit calculation in which three matrices multiply with each other. These matrices represent the connective cases of atoms in a molecule, the structural features of atoms on top and the bonded cases of the adjacent atoms respectively. The standard formation enthalpies of ABn(g) molecules were correlated with F* (A= C, Al, Si, Ti, Zr, B =F, Cl, Br, I, H, n=1-4) and these correlation coefficients are all more than 0.96.Some molecules (e.g CH4, SiH4,etc.)can be preferably handled by F* but can not be dealt with by other topological indices.By contrast to traditional hydrogen suppressed graph,the contribution of hydrogen atoms to structures and properties of molecules is considered.
26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-8 - Loss of section 168(f)(8) protection; recapture.
... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) TEMPORARY INCOME TAX REGULATIONS UNDER THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT OF 1981 § 5c.168(f)(8)-8 Loss of section 168(f)(8) protection; recapture. (a) In general. Upon... its income tax return as required in § 5c.168(f) (8)-2 (a)(3)(iii). (3) The lessee (or any...
Transfer and quenching rate constants for XeF(B) and XeF(C) state in low vibrational levels
Brashears, H. C., Jr.; Setser, D. W.
The relative XeF(B-X) and XeF(C-A) emission intensities from the steady-state vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of XeF2 have been used to measure the B-C transfer and quenching rate constants of XeF molecules in low vibrational levels. The rare gases N2, CF4, SF6, F2, NF3, CF3H, CF3Cl, HF, CO2, and XeF2 were investigated as buffer gases at room temperature. The transfer rate constants are much larger than the quenching rate constants for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, N2, CF4, and SF6. For Xe, NF3, CHF3, and CClF3 transfer is only 2-4 times faster than quenching and for F2, HF, and CO2 quenching is faster than B-C state transfer. Quenching for XeF(D) was studied for rare gases and for N2. No convincing evidence was found for three-body quenching by the rare gases and their quenching of the XeF(B, C) and XeF(D) states are reported as two-body processes for pressures below ˜5 atm. The XeF(D) quenching rate constants are of the same magnitude as the B-C state transfer rate constants. The photochemical and collisional (metastable rare gas atom) dissociative excitation of XeF2 and KrF2 are summarized in the Appendix.
Environmental and Mechanical Stability of Environmental Barrier Coated SA Tyrannohex SiC Composites Under Simulated Turbine Engine Environments
Zhu, Dongming; Halbig, Michael Charles; Sing, Mrityunjay
The environmental stability and thermal gradient cyclic durability performance of SA Tyrannohex composites were investigated for turbine engine component applications. The work has been focused on investigating the combustion rig recession, cyclic thermal stress resistance and thermomechanical low cycle fatigue of uncoated and environmental barrier coated Tyrannohex SiC SA composites in simulated turbine engine combustion water vapor, thermal gradients, and mechanical loading conditions. Flexural strength degradations have been evaluated, and the upper limits of operating temperature conditions for the SA composite material systems are discussed based on the experimental results.
Development of standardized air-blown coal gasifier/gas turbine concepts for future electric power systems
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Blough, E.; Russell, W.; Leach, J.W.
Computer models have been developed for evaluating conceptual designs of integrated coal gasification combined cycle power plants. An overall system model was developed for performing thermodynamic cycle analyses, and detailed models were developed for predicting performance characteristics of fixed bed coal gasifiers and hot gas clean up subsystem components. The overall system model performs mass and energy balances and does chemical equilibrium analyses to determine the effects of changes in operating conditions, or to evaluate proposed design changes. An existing plug flow model for fixed bed gasifiers known as the Wen II model was revised and updated. Also, a spread sheet model of zinc ferrite sulfur sorbent regeneration subsystem was developed. Parametric analyses were performed to determine how performance depends on variables in the system design. The work was done to support CRS Sirrine Incorporated in their study of standardized air blown coal gasifier gas turbine concepts.
EMTP Simulation Model of a Wind Turbine Generator using Induction Generator
Tokunaga, Yoshitaka; Iio, Naotaka; Tanomura, Kenichi; Shinohara, Hirofumi
This paper presents an EMTP simulation model for the wind turbine generator using induction generator. This model was developed to add the model of a wind turbine portion to the precision model using the standard specification data and operation data of induction generator. It verified that the inrush current at starting and the residual voltage at islanding state were analyzed, and measured data could be reproduced by this model.
Defective fluid secretion from submucosal glands of nasal turbinates from CFTR-/- and CFTR (ΔF508/ΔF508 pigs.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hyung-Ju Cho
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF, caused by reduced CFTR function, includes severe sinonasal disease which may predispose to lung disease. Newly developed CF pigs provide models to study the onset of CF pathophysiology. We asked if glands from pig nasal turbinates have secretory responses similar to those of tracheal glands and if CF nasal glands show reduced fluid secretion. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Unexpectedly, we found that nasal glands differed from tracheal glands in five ways, being smaller, more numerous (density per airway surface area, more sensitive to carbachol, more sensitive to forskolin, and nonresponsive to Substance P (a potent agonist for pig tracheal glands. Nasal gland fluid secretion from newborn piglets (12 CF and 12 controls in response to agonists was measured using digital imaging of mucus bubbles formed under oil. Secretion rates were significantly reduced in all conditions tested. Fluid secretory rates (Controls vs. CF, in pl/min/gland were as follows: 3 µM forskolin: 9.2±2.2 vs. 0.6±0.3; 1 µM carbachol: 143.5±35.5 vs. 52.2±10.3; 3 µM forskolin + 0.1 µM carbachol: 25.8±5.8 vs. CF 4.5±0.9. We also compared CF(ΔF508/ΔF508 with CFTR(-/- piglets and found significantly greater forskolin-stimulated secretion rates in the ΔF508 vs. the null piglets (1.4±0.8, n = 4 vs. 0.2±0.1, n = 7. An unexpected age effect was also discovered: the ratio of secretion to 3 µM forskolin vs. 1 µM carbachol was ∼4 times greater in adult than in neonatal nasal glands. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal differences between nasal and tracheal glands, show defective fluid secretion in nasal glands of CF pigs, reveal some spared function in the ΔF508 vs. null piglets, and show unexpected age-dependent differences. Reduced nasal gland fluid secretion may predispose to sinonasal and lung infections.
Psiloxylon mauritianum (Bouton ex Hook.f.) Baillon (Myrtaceae): A promising traditional medicinal plant from the Mascarene Islands.
Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Korumtollee, Housna Nazifah; Chady, Zaynab Zaina Banu Khan
Psiloxylon mauritianum (PM) (Bouton ex Hook.f.) Baillon (Myrtaceae) is an evergreen endemic medicinal plant which has shown promising uses in traditional medicine from the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion Islands). Folk use of this endemic plant in Mauritius and Réunion Islands has been geared toward the treatment and management of amenorrhea, dysentery and Type II diabetes mellitus. Recent findings from in vitro studies have led to the discovery of two potent acids namely corosolic acid and asiatic acid which have been shown to bear most inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus. Such findings tend to appraise the therapeutic potential of this medicinal plant against infectious diseases. The present monograph has tried to establish the botanical description, traditional uses and the main constituents identified from PM (Bouton ex Hook.f.) Baillon. The limited documentation of in vitro assays of this plant demonstrates an urgent need for extensive research in order to validate other traditional uses and hence open new avenues for drug development. PMID:26401372
C-CAP Land Cover, Big Island, Hawaii
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set consists of land derived from high resolution imagery and was analyzed according to the Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) protocol to determine...
Comparative study of global warming effects during silicon nitride etching using C3F6O/O2 and C3F6/O2 gas mixtures
Kim, Ka Youn; Moon, Hock Key; Lee, Nae-Eung; Hong, Bo Han; Oh, Soo Ho
C3F6 and C3F6 gases were investigated as replacement gases for SF6 used in display industry due to their low global warming potential and short lifetime. In the C3F6/O2 and C3F6/O2 capacitively coupled plasmas, Si3N4 etch conditions were varied by controlling process parameters. The global warming effects were quantified as million metric ton carbon equivalents (MMTCEs) obtained from the volumetric emission of by-product and etch gases. A lower MMTCE value and higher etch rate process with combination of high and low source frequencies, f HF (27.12 MHz)/ f LF (2 MHz), were observed for the C3F6/O2 chemistry than for the C3F6/O2 chemistry.
C-H bond activation by f-block complexes.
Arnold, Polly L; McMullon, Max W; Rieb, Julia; Kühn, Fritz E
Most homogeneous catalysis relies on the design of metal complexes to trap and convert substrates or small molecules to value-added products. Organometallic lanthanide compounds first gave a tantalizing glimpse of their potential for catalytic C-H bond transformations with the selective cleavage of one C-H bond in methane by bis(permethylcyclopentadienyl)lanthanide methyl [(η(5) -C5 Me5 )2 Ln(CH3 )] complexes some 25 years ago. Since then, numerous metal complexes from across the periodic table have been shown to selectively activate hydrocarbon C-H bonds, but the challenges of closing catalytic cycles still remain; many f-block complexes show great potential in this important area of chemistry. PMID:25384554
Copper Causes Regiospecific Formation of C4F8-Containing Six-Membered Rings and their Defluorination/Aromatization to C4F4-Containing Rings in Triphenylene/1,4-C4F8I2 Reactions
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Rippy, Kerry C.; Bukovsky, Eric V.; Clikeman, Tyler T.; Chen, Yu-Sheng; Hou, Gao-Lei; Wang, Xue B.; Popov, Alexey; Boltalina, Olga V.; Strauss, Steven H.
The presence of Cu in reactions of triphenylene (TRPH) and 1,4-C4F8I2 at 360 °C led to regiospecific substitution of TRPH ortho C(β) atoms to form C4F8-containing rings, completely suppressing substitution on C(α) atoms. In addition, Cu caused selective reductive-defluorination/aromatization (RD/A) to form C4F4- containing aromatic rings. Without Cu, the reactions of TRPH and 1,4- C4F8I2 were not regiospecific and no RD/A was observed. These results, supported by DFT calculations, are the first examples of Cupromoted (i) regiospecific perfluoroannulation, (ii) preparative C–F activation, and (iii) RD/A. HPLC-purified products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, low-temperature PES, and 1H/19F NMR.
Hepatitis C Prevention and Needle Exchange Programs in Rhode Island: ENCORE.
Joseph, Raynald; Kofman, Aaron; Larney, Sarah; Fitzgerald, Paul
As Rhode Island's only needle exchange program, ENCORE (Education, Needle Exchange, Counseling, Outreach, and REferrals) serves a wide range of clients infected or at risk for infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Through its on-site and outreach platforms across Rhode Island, ENCORE is in a unique position to serve at-risk individuals who may not otherwise present for prevention, testing and care for HCV, as well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this article, we discuss the role of needle exchange programs in preventing HCV transmission, and provide an overview of the history and current operations of ENCORE. PMID:24983019
Growth of fcc(111) Dy multi-height islands on 6H-SiC(0001) graphene.
Hershberger, M T; Hupalo, M; Thiel, P A; Tringides, M C
Graphene based spintronic devices require an understanding of the growth of magnetic metals. Rare earth metals have large bulk magnetic moments so they are good candidates for such applications, and it is important to identify their growth mode. Dysprosium was deposited on epitaxial graphene, prepared by thermally annealing 6H-SiC(0001). The majority of the grown islands have triangular instead of hexagonal shapes. This is observed both for single layer islands nucleating at the top of incomplete islands and for fully completed multi-height islands. We analyze the island shape distribution and stacking sequence of successively grown islands to deduce that the Dy islands have fcc(111) structure, and that the triangular shapes result from asymmetric barriers to corner crossing.
δ13C and 14C dating of sediments in Santa Cruz do Arari, Marajo Island (Brazil)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The eastern domain of Marajo Island, in the surroundings of Santa Cruz do Arari (Para State), is occupied by holocenic sedimentary deposits, at present covered predominantly by natural grasslands. The analysis of stable carbon isotopes in organic matter of these sediments has been applied with the objective of to evaluate the paleovegetation dynamics, the retreat or the expansion of the Amazonian Forest (located in the westerner domain) over the different types of natural grasslands in Marajo Island, during Late Quaternary. From 3.60 m to 1.80 m the δ13C results are around -25 (reaching value up to -29 per mille) and indicate that the organic matter of these sediments are originated from C3 plants. In the interval of 1.80 m until 0.90 m all the samples present a gradual enrichment of 13C, indicating a higher influence of C4 plants in the vegetation cover. The intermediate δ13C values found in those depths (from -22 per mille to -18 per mille) indicate a mixture of C3 and C4 plants with gradual increase of areas with C4 plants. From 0.90 m to the shallow layer the δ13C values show a tendency to more depleted values, indicating higher influence of C3 plants in the recent and present period. The results demonstrate that the vegetation dynamics was significant in the Marajo Island from the past to the present. The chronology of these events is being determined by the 14C dating technique and possible causes (climatic, anthropogenic and/or neotectonic) for such changes investigate. (author)
{delta}{sup 13C} and {sup 14}C dating of sediments in Santa Cruz do Arari, Marajo Island (Brazil)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lima, Claudia More de; Pessenda, Luiz Carlos Ruiz [Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/USP), Piracicaba, SP (Brazil). Lab. 14C]. E-mail: email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; Rossetti, Dilce de Fatima [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil). Div. de Sensoriamento Remoto]. E-mail: email@example.com; Rosario, Carlos da Silva; Silva, Carlos Alberto Santos da [Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG), Belem, PA (Brazil). Coordenacao de Botanica]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
The eastern domain of Marajo Island, in the surroundings of Santa Cruz do Arari (Para State), is occupied by holocenic sedimentary deposits, at present covered predominantly by natural grasslands. The analysis of stable carbon isotopes in organic matter of these sediments has been applied with the objective of to evaluate the paleovegetation dynamics, the retreat or the expansion of the Amazonian Forest (located in the westerner domain) over the different types of natural grasslands in Marajo Island, during Late Quaternary. From 3.60 m to 1.80 m the {delta}{sup 13}C results are around -25 (reaching value up to -29 per mille) and indicate that the organic matter of these sediments are originated from C3 plants. In the interval of 1.80 m until 0.90 m all the samples present a gradual enrichment of {sup 13}C, indicating a higher influence of C4 plants in the vegetation cover. The intermediate {delta}{sup 13}C values found in those depths (from -22 per mille to -18 per mille) indicate a mixture of C3 and C4 plants with gradual increase of areas with C4 plants. From 0.90 m to the shallow layer the {delta}{sup 13}C values show a tendency to more depleted values, indicating higher influence of C3 plants in the recent and present period. The results demonstrate that the vegetation dynamics was significant in the Marajo Island from the past to the present. The chronology of these events is being determined by the {sup 14}C dating technique and possible causes (climatic, anthropogenic and/or neotectonic) for such changes investigate. (author)
The Discussion on the C-Ash of f-CaO Content Exceeding Standard in Concrete Construction%关于《f-CaO含量超标的C类灰在混凝土结构中的应用》一文的讨论
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
龚逸明; 赵一奇
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In order to analyze energy self-sufficient island, example of a smaller island, connected to the power system of a bigger island with an undersea cable, was taken. Mounting substation 10/0,4 is situated on the island and for the moment it provides enough electricity using the medium voltage line. It is assumed that the island is situated on the north part of the Adriatic Sea. The most important problem that occurs on the island is the population drop that occurs for a significant number of years, therefore, life standard needs to be improved, and economic development needs to be encouraged immediately. Local authorities to stimulate sustainable development on the island through different projects, to breath in a new life to the island, open new jobs and attract new people to come live there. Because of the planned development and increase of the population, energy projects, planned as a support to sustainable development, and later achievement of the energy self-sufficiency, is described in this paper. Therefore, Rewisland methodology appliance is described taking into the account three possible scenarios of energy development. Each scenario is calculated until year 2030. Also, what is taken into the account is 100% usage of renewable sources of energy in 2030. Scenario PTV, PP, EE - This scenario includes installation of solar photovoltaic modules and solar thermal collectors on the buildings roofs, as well as well as implementation of energy efficiency on the island (replacement of the street light bulbs with LED lightning, replacement of the old windows and doors on the houses, as well as the installation of the thermal insulation). Scenario PV island - This scenario, similarly to the previous one, includes installation of solar photovoltaic modules and solar thermal collectors an the residential buildings, as well as the 2 MW photovoltaic power plant and ''Green Hotel'', a building that satisfies all of its energy needs completely from renewable energy sources
Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Swarms Parameters in c-C4F8/CF4 Gas Mixtures
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LIU Xue-li; XIAO Deng-ming; WANG Yan-an; ZHANG Zhou-sheng
The swarm parametes for c-C4F8/CF4 mixtures, including the density-normalized effective ionization coefficient, drift velocity and mean energy were calculated using Monte-Carlo method with the null collision technique. The overall density-reduced electric field strength could be varied between 150 and 500 Td,while the c-C4F8 content in gas mixtures is varied in the range of 0-100%. The value of the density-normalize deffective ionization coefficient shows a strong dependence on the c-C4F8 content, becoming more electronegative as the content of c-C4F8 is increased. The drift velocity of c-C4F4/CF4 mixtures is more affected by CF4. The calculated limiting field strength for c-C4F8/CF4 mixtures is higher than that of SF6/CF4.
Žalik, David
V tej diplomski nalogi bomo predstavil ključne gradnike funkcijskega jezika F# in s pomočjo prenašanja podatkov v sorodno (.NET) C# okolje grafično obdelali in prikazali rezultate raziskovanja. Poudarek prenašanja podatkov bo predvsem na kreiranju standardnih podatkovnih tipov družine .NET jezikov. Predstavili bomo tudi različne pristope programiranja in s pomočjo algoritmov skušali približati razumevanje delovanje funkcijskega jezika. Za grajenje aplikacij smo uporabili Microsoftovo orodje V...
Long-term tropospheric trend of octafluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8 or PFC-318
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
T. Röckmann
Full Text Available Air samples collected at Cape Grim, Tasmania between 1978 and 2008 and during a series of more recent aircraft sampling programmes have been analysed to determine the atmospheric abundance and trend of octafluorocyclobutane (-C4F8 or PFC-318. c-C4F8 has an atmospheric lifetime in excess of 3000 yr and a global warming potential (GWP of 10 300 (100 yr time horizon, making it one of the most potent greenhouse gases detected in the atmosphere to date. The abundance of c-C4F8 in the Southern Hemisphere has risen from 0.35 ppt in 1978 to 1.2 ppt in 2010, and is currently increasing at a rate of around 0.03 ppt yr−1. It is the third most abundant perfluorocarbon (PFC in the present day atmosphere, behind CF4 (~75 ppt and C2F6 (~4 ppt. The origin of c-C4F8 is unclear. Using a 2-D global model to derive top-down global emissions based on the Cape Grim measurements yields a recent (2007 emission rate of around 1.1 Gg yr−1 and a cumulative emission up to and including 2007 of 38.1 Gg. Emissions reported on the EDGAR emissions database for the period 1986–2005 represent less than 1 % of the top-down emissions for the same period, which suggests there is a large unaccounted for source of this compound. It is also apparent that the magnitude of this source has varied considerably over the past 30 yr, declining sharply in the late 1980s before increasing again in the mid-1990s.
Transcriptional regulation of the apolipoprotein F (ApoF) gene by ETS and C/EBPα in hepatoma cells.
Shen, Xue-Bin; Huang, Ling; Zhang, Shao-Hong; Wang, De-Ping; Wu, Yun-Li; Chen, Wan-Nan; Xu, Shang-Hua; Lin, Xu
Apolipoprotein F (ApoF) inhibits cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and plays an important role in lipid metabolism. In the present study, the full-length human ApoF promoter was cloned, and the molecular mechanism of the regulation of ApoF was investigated. The ApoF promoter displayed higher activities in hepatoma cell lines, and the -198 nt to +79 nt promoter region contained the maximum promoter activity. In the promoter region of -198 nt to -2 nt there were four putative binding sites for transcription factors ETS-1/ETS-2 (named EBS-1 to EBS-4) and one for C/EBP. Mutation of EBS-2, EBS4 and the C/EBP binding site abolished the promoter activity, and ETS-1/ETS-2 and C/EBPα could interact with corresponding binding sites. In addition, overexpression of ETS-1/2 or C/EBPα enhanced, while dominant-negative mutants of ETS-1/2 and knockdown of C/EBPα decreased, ApoF promoter activities. ETS-1 and C/EBPα associated physically, and acted synergistically to activate ApoF transcription. These results demonstrated combined activation of the ApoF promoter by liver-enriched and ubiquitous transcription factors. Direct interactions between C/EBPα and ETS-1 were important for high liver-specific expression of ApoF.
The processing of syntactic islands – an fMRI study
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Christensen, Ken Ramshøj; Kizach, Johannes; Nyvad, Anne Mette
The aim of this study was to investigate whether LIFG activation was sensitive to increases in syntactic working memory load triggered by multiple extractions from an embedded clause, so-called island violations, and whether there was any difference between argument and adjunct extraction. Event-...
Shock wave study of the thermal dissociations of C3F6 and c-C3F6. I. dissociation of hexafluoropropene.
Cobos, C J; Sölter, L; Tellbach, E; Troe, J
The thermal dissociation of C3F6 was studied between 1330 and 2210 K in shock waves monitoring the UV absorption of CF2. CF2 yields of about 2.6 per parent C3F6 were obtained at reactant concentrations of 500-1000 ppm in the bath gas Ar. These yields dropped to about 1.8 when reactant concentrations were lowered to 60 ppm. The increase of the CF2 yield with increasing concentration was attributed to bimolecular reactions between primary and secondary dissociation products. Quantum-chemical and kinetic modeling calculations helped to estimate the contributions from the various primary dissociation steps. It was shown that the measurements correspond to unimolecular reactions in their falloff range. Falloff representations of the rate constants are given, leading to an overall high pressure rate constant k∞ = 2.0 × 10(17)(-104 kcal mol(-1)/RT) s(-1) and a relative rate of about 2/3:1/3 for the reactions C3F6 → CF3CF + CF2 versus C3F6 → C2F3 + CF3. PMID:24905383
Low activation brazing materials and techniques for SiC f/SiC composites
Riccardi, B.; Nannetti, C. A.; Petrisor, T.; Sacchetti, M.
A low activation brazing technique for silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (SiC f/SiC) is presented; this technique is based on the use of the 78Si-22Ti (wt%) eutectic alloy. The joints obtained take advantage of a melting point able to avoid composite fibre-interface degradation. All the joints showed absence of discontinuities and defects at the interface and a fine eutectic structure. Moreover, the joint layer appeared well adherent both to the matrix and the fibre interphase and the brazing alloy infiltration looked sufficiently controlled. The joints of SiC f/SiC composites showed 71±10 MPa almost pure shear strength at RT and up to 70 MPa at 600 °C.
April ρ Cygnids and comet C/1917 F1 Mellish
Hajdukova, Maria; Rudawska, Regina; Kornos, Leonard; Toth, Juraj
We have examined the recently-established April ρ Cygnids meteor shower (ARC, IAU#348). The ARC was discovered by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar survey (Brown et al., 2010), and later confirmed by video observations made by the Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance project in America (Phillips et al., 2011). As reported by Neslusan and Hajdukova (2014c), the shower could be part of a broader meteor-shower complex associated with the comet C/1917 F1 (Mellish). According to their model of the meteoroid stream originating from the comet, one of the filaments (F1) approximately corresponds to the ARC. The present study is based on an analysis of the orbital parameters of the ARC from the EDMOND (Kornos et al., 2014a), CAMS (Phillips et al., 2011), and SonotaCo (SonotaCo, 2009) databases. We followed dynamical evolutions of simulated meteoroid streams modeled from observational data. We found that the April ρ Cygnids may consist of both short and long-period components. However, it cannot be excluded that the meteors investigated belong to two different meteor showers situated in the same phase space. It was not possible to make a definitive conclusion concerning their relation to the proposed parent comet.
Microstructure, creep properties, and rejuvenation of service-exposed alloy 713C turbine blades
Maccagno, T. M.; Koul, A. K.; Immarigeon, J.-P.; Cutler, L.; Allem, R.; L'Espérance, G.
A study was carried out on the microstructure and creep properties of aero engine first-stage turbine blades made from Alloy 713C nickel-base superalloy. Results are reported for new blades, blades in two service-exposed conditions, and service-exposed blades subjected to one of three rejuvenation treatments: a recoating heat treatment, a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) + recoating heat treatment, and a HIP + controlled cooling + recoating heat treatment. The blade microstructure undergoes significant change during service, and this leads to a loss in creep properties exhibited by specimens machined from the blade airfoils. Good correlations were observed between the rupture time and the amount of blade airfoil untwist and between the minimum creep rate and the amount of untwist. The recoating heat treatment and the HIP + controlled cooling + recoating treatment were moderately successful in restoring the microstructure and creep properties of the service-exposed blades. In comparison, the HIP + recoating treatment was very successful in rejuvenating creep properties but only for blades having a chemical composition with a lower propensity to form σ phase. For the blades with an unfavorable composition, σ phase was found to form preferentially near the grain boundaries during creep testing, and this had a detrimental effect on the creep properties. Nonetheless, the degree of rejuvenation for these blades was always at least as good as that obtained through the recoating heat treatment alone.
26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-2 - Election to characterize transaction as a section 168(f)(8) lease.
..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) TEMPORARY INCOME TAX REGULATIONS UNDER THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT OF 1981 § 5c.168(f)(8)-2 Election to characterize transaction as a section 168(f... center with which the income tax returns of the lessor and lessee are filed; (C) A description of...
Influence of management practices on C stabilization pathways in agricultural volcanic ash soils (Canary Islands, Spain)
Hernandez, Zulimar; María Álvarez, Ana; Carral, Pilar; de Figueiredo, Tomas; Almendros, Gonzalo
Although C stabilization mechanisms in agricultural soils are still controversial [1], a series of overlapped pathways has been suggested [2] such as: i) insolubilization of low molecular weight precursors of soil organic matter (SOM) with reactive minerals through physical and chemical bonding, ii) selective accumulation of biosynthetic substances which are recalcitrant because of its inherent chemical composition, and iii) preservation and furter diagenetic transformation of particulate SOM entrapped within resistant microaggregates, where diffusion of soil enzymes is largely hampered. In some environments where carbohydrate and N compounds are not readily biodegraded, e.g., with water saturated micropores, an ill-known C stabilization pathway may involve the formation of Maillard's reaction products [3]. In all cases, these pathways converge in the formation of recalcitrant macromolecular substances, sharing several properties with the humic acid (HA) fraction [4]. In template forests, the selective preservation and further microbial reworking of plant biomass has been identified as a prevailing mechanism in the accumulation of recalcitrant SOM forms [5]. However, in volcanic ash soils with intense organomineral interactions, condensation reactions of low molecular weight precursors with short-range minerals may be the main mechanism [6]. In order to shed some light about the effect of agricultural management on soil C stabilization processes on volcanic ash soils, the chemical composition of HA and some structural proxies of SOM informing on its origin and potential resistance to biodegradation, were examined in 30 soils from Canary Islands (Spain) by visible, infrared (IR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, elementary analysis and pyrolytic techniques. The results of multivariate treatments, suggested at least three simultaneous C stabilization biogeochemical trends: i) diagenetic alteration of plant biomacromolecules in soils receiving
Dr. von Braun and Dr. Stuhlinger With a Model of the Nuclear-Electric Vehicles
In this photo, taken at the Walt Disney Studios in California, Dr. Wernher von Braun and Dr. Ernst Stuhlinger are shown discussing the concepts of nuclear-electric spaceships designed to undertake the mission to the planet Mars. As a part of the Disney 'Tomorrowland' series on the exploration of space, the nuclear-electric vehicles were shown in the last three television films, entitled 'Mars and Beyond,' which first aired in December 1957.
Die Künstlerin als Produzentin – Johanna Braun im Gespräch
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Johanna Braun
Full Text Available Die Wiener Künstlerin Johanna Braun ist eine der prononciertesten Vertreterinnen eigenaktiver, kuratorischer Tätigkeit der künstlerisch Schaffenden. Mit zahlreichen internationalen Projekten hat sie die Richtigkeit ihrer Haltung immer wieder bewiesen – und sich dabei nicht selten an den ihr fragwürdig vorkommenden Konventionen kuratorischen Selbstverständnisses kritisch abgearbeitet. – Freimütig und provokant hat sie auf Fragen des MEDIENIMPULSE-Redakteurs Thomas Ballhausen geantwortet.
Floral and Seed Variability Patterns among Ethiopian Mustard (B. carinata A. Braun) of East Africa
Adeniji, OT.; A. Aloyce, A.
In East Africa, Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is cultivated primarily for its leaves, but in Ethiopia preference is high for oil in the seed. Dual purpose importance of the seeds for planting and for oil suggests the need to improve seed production efficiency through understanding variation pattern for floral morphology and seed characters. We investigated genetic diversity and correlations for floral and seed characteristics among 14 accessions of Ethiopian mustard to improv...
Fabrication of injection molded sintered alpha SiC turbine components
Storm, R. S.; Ohnsorg, R. W.; Frechette, F. J.
Fabrication of a sintered alpha silicon carbide turbine blade by injection molding is described. An extensive process variation matrix was carried out to define the optimum fabrication conditions. Variation of molding parameters had a significant impact on yield. Turbine blades were produced in a reasonable yield which met a rigid quality and dimensional specification. Application of injection molding technology to more complex components such as integral rotors is also described.
Using DNA Barcoding and Standardized Sampling to Compare Geographic and Habitat Differentiation of Crustaceans: A Hawaiian Islands Example
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. Julian Caley
Full Text Available Recently, the Census of Marine Life has explored methods to assess coral reef diversity by combining standardized sampling (to permit comparison across sites with molecular techniques (to make rapid counts of species possible. To date, this approach has been applied across geographically broad scales (seven sites spanning the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, focusing on similar habitats at all sites (10–12 m forereef. Here we examine crustacean spatial diversity patterns for a single atoll, comparing results for four sites (comprising forereef, backreef, and lagoon habitats at French Frigate Shoals (FFS, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii, USA, within the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. The Bray-Curtis index of similarity across these habitats at FFS was the same or greater than the similarity between similar habitats on Heron Island and Lizard Island in the Great Barrier Reef and much greater than similarity between more widely separated localities in the Indo-Pacific Ocean (e.g., Ningaloo, Moorea, French Polynesia or the Line Islands. These results imply that, at least for shallow reefs, sampling multiple locations versus sampling multiple habitats within a site maximizes the rate at which we can converge on the best global estimate of coral reef biodiversity.
Shock wave study of the thermal dissociations of C3F6 and c-C3F6. II. dissociation of hexafluorocyclopropane and dimerization of CF2.
Cobos, C J; Sölter, L; Tellbach, E; Troe, J
The thermal dissociation of c-C3F6 has been studied in shock waves over the range 620-1030 K monitoring the UV absorption of CF2. The reaction was studied close to its high-pressure limit, but some high-temperature falloff was accounted for. Quantum-chemical and kinetic modeling rationalized the experimental data. The reaction is suggested to involve the 1,3 biradical CF2CF2CF2 intermediate. CF2 formed by the dissociation of c-C3F6 dimerizes to C2F4. The measured rate of this reaction is also found to correspond to the falloff range. Rate constants for 2CF2 → C2F4 as a function of temperature and bath gas concentration [Ar] are given and shown to be consistent with literature values for the high-pressure rate constants from experiments at lower temperatures and dissociation rate constants obtained in the falloff range at higher temperatures. The onset of falloff at intermediate temperatures is analyzed. PMID:24905207
Standard terminology of C26.10 nondestructive assay methods
American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia
1.1 The terminology defined in this document is associated with nondestructive assay of nuclear material. 1.2 All of the definitions are associated with measurement techniques that measure nuclear emissions (that is, neutrons, gamma-rays, or heat) directly or indirectly. 1.3 definitions are relevant to any standards and guides written by subcommittee C26.10.
Carbon and oxygen isotope working standards from C3 and C4 photosynthates.
Spangenberg, Jorge E
A preparation of organic working standards for the online measurement of 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios in biological material is presented. The organic working standards are simple and inexpensive C3 and C4 carbohydrates (sugars or cellulose) from distinct geographic origin, including white sugar, toilet and XEROX papers from Switzerland, maize from Ivory Coast, cane sugar from Brazil, papyrus from Egypt, and the core of the stem of a Cyperus papyrus plant from Kenya. These photosynthetic products were compared with International Atomic Energy standards CH-3 and CH-6 and other calibration materials. The presented working standards cover a 15% range of 13C/12C ratios and 9% for 18O/16O, with a precision10. PMID:16870558
On the reliability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum research: Do we need standardized testing methods?
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nivium (Fon) is a pathogen highly variable in aggressiveness that requires a standardized testing method to more accurately define isolate aggressiveness (races) and to identify resistant watermelon lines. Isolates of Fon vary in aggressiveness from weakly to highly aggres...
Thermochemical instability effects in SiC-based fibers and SiC{sub f}/SiC composites
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Youngblood, G.E.; Henager, C.H.; Jones, R.H. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (United States)
Thermochemical instability in irradiated SiC-based fibers with an amorphous silicon oxycarbide phase leads to shrinkage and mass loss. SiC{sub f}/SiC composites made with these fibers also exhibit mass loss as well as severe mechanical property degradation when irradiated at 800{degrees}C, a temperature much below the generally accepted 1100{degrees}C threshold for thermomechanical degradation alone. The mass loss is due to an internal oxidation mechanism within these fibers which likely degrades the carbon interphase as well as the fibers in SiC{sub f}/SiC composites even in so-called {open_quotes}inert{close_quotes} gas environments. Furthermore, the mechanism must be accelerated by the irradiation environment.
Longitudinal imaging of Alzheimer pathology using [{sup 11}C]PIB, [{sup 18}F]FDDNP and [{sup 18}F]FDG PET
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ossenkoppele, Rik; Tolboom, Nelleke; Adriaanse, Sofie F. [VU University Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam (Netherlands); VU University Medical Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Foster-Dingley, Jessica C.; Boellaard, Ronald; Yaqub, Maqsood; Windhorst, Albert D.; Lammertsma, Adriaan A.; Berckel, Bart N.M. van [VU University Medical Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Barkhof, Frederik [VU University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Scheltens, Philip [VU University Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Flier, Wiesje M. van der [VU University Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam (Netherlands); VU University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam (Netherlands)
[{sup 11}C]PIB and [{sup 18}F]FDDNP are PET tracers for in vivo detection of the neuropathology underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). [{sup 18}F]FDG is a glucose analogue and its uptake reflects metabolic activity. The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal changes in these tracers in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in healthy controls. Longitudinal, paired, dynamic [{sup 11}C]PIB and [{sup 18}F]FDDNP (90 min each) and static [{sup 18}F]FDG (15 min) PET scans were obtained in 11 controls, 12 MCI patients and 8 AD patients. The mean interval between baseline and follow-up was 2.5 years (range 2.0-4.0 years). Parametric [{sup 11}C]PIB and [{sup 18}F]FDDNP images of binding potential (BP{sub ND}) and [{sup 18}F]FDG standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) images were generated. A significant increase in global cortical [{sup 11}C]PIB BP{sub ND} was found in MCI patients, but no changes were observed in AD patients or controls. Subsequent regional analysis revealed that this increase in [{sup 11}C]PIB BP{sub ND} in MCI patients was most prominent in the lateral temporal lobe (p < 0.05). For [{sup 18}F]FDDNP, no changes in global BP{sub ND} were found. [{sup 18}F]FDG uptake was reduced at follow-up in the AD group only, especially in frontal, parietal and lateral temporal lobes (all p < 0.01). Changes in global [{sup 11}C]PIB binding ({rho} = -0.42, p < 0.05) and posterior cingulate [{sup 18}F]FDG uptake ({rho} = 0.54, p < 0.01) were correlated with changes in Mini-Mental-State Examination score over time across groups, whilst changes in [{sup 18}F]FDDNP binding ({rho} = -0.18, p = 0.35) were not. [{sup 11}C]PIB and [{sup 18}F]FDG track molecular changes in different stages of AD. We found increased amyloid load in MCI patients and progressive metabolic impairment in AD patients. [{sup 18}F]FDDNP seems to be less useful for examining disease progression. (orig.)
NODC Standard Format Marine Mammals of Coastal Alaska Data (1975-1981): Marine Mammal Specimens (F025) (NODC Accession 0014150)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — NODC maintains data in three NODC Standard Format Marine Mammal Data Sets: Marine Mammal Sighting and Census (F127); Marine Mammal Specimens (F025); Marine Mammal...
Development of a Primary Standard for Calibration of [18F]FDG Activity Measurement Systems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The 18F national primary standard was developed by the INMRI-ENEA using the 4πβ Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry Method with 3H-Standard Efficiency Tracing. Measurements were performed at JRCIspra under a scientific collaboration between the Institute for Health and Consumer Production, the Amersham Health and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Prevention (ISPESL). The goal of the work was to calibrate, with minimum uncertainty, the INMRI-ENEA transfer standard portable well-type ionisation chamber as well as other JRC-Ispra and Amersham Health reference Ionising Chambers used for FDG activity measurement
Standardized Elemental Basis for Gas-Turbine Engine Heat Exchangers is the Key Factor for Their Cost Reduction
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Soudarev A.V; Soudarev B.V; Kondratiev V.V; Lazarev M.V
The competitiveness of the small gas turbine units (GTUs) (Ne<300 kW) in the world power market is dependent on both the maintenance expenses and the capital costs of production. Reduction in the maintenance expenditures could be achieved by increasing the plant efficiency. This task could be solved by some methods: increasing the cycle inlet temperature TIT, getting the cycle more complex (use of heat regeneration and compressed air intermediate cooling), cutting the power consumption on heat-stressed parts cooling. Putting the above into effect is linked with introduction of novel structural materials, a sharp increase in the mass-size values and the plant manufacture expenditures, in particular, at provision of its self-regulation.In connection with the above, the development of the combined metal-ceramic airheaters and standardization of the elemental basis of the metal gas-gas heat exchangers will promote reduction in the expenditures of the maintenance and the manufacture of the small-size independent power GTEs.
Mineralization rate of eroded organic C in Andosols of the Canary Islands.
Mora, Juan Luis; Guerra, José Asterio; Armas, Cecilia María; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Antonio; Arbelo, Carmen Dolores; Notario, Jesús Santiago
The aim of this paper is to determine the biological dynamism of the organic C forms bonded to soil particles mobilized by water erosion in Andosols of the Canary Islands, to evaluate their susceptibility towards mineralization processes and the role of sediments as sources or sinks of atmospheric CO(2) in these soils. The study was carried out in Tenerife (Canary Islands) on three 200 m(2) experimental plots of the RESEL Programme on silic Andosols under forest, 3 years after being subjected to clear-cutting. Eroded sediments were collected for analysis from five significant winter rainfall episodes. For each event, samples of surface (0-5 cm) soil in situ were also collected. CO(2)-C was measured by incubation in all the samples, as well as microbial biomass-linked C. The results obtained show an enrichment in the eroded sediments of microbial biomass (7.5+/-1.6 g kg(-1) vs. 3.8+/-1.5 g kg(-1)) and of potentially mineralizable C (1419 mg CO(2)-C kg(-1) vs. 386 mg CO(2)-C kg(-1)). In addition, there was twice as much mineralization of C compounds in eroded sediments as in the soil surface horizon. PMID:17292946
Randomized trial comparing episiotomies with Braun-Stadler episiotomy scissors and EPISCISSORS-60®
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sawant G
Full Text Available Ganpat Sawant, Divya Kumar Dr DY Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India Introduction: Episiotomy angle is a crucial factor in causation of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS, which are the major cause of female bowel incontinence. Sutured episiotomies angled too close to the midline (<30 degree or too far away from the midline (.60 degree fail to unload the perineum sufficiently and predispose to OASIS. A 25-degree post-delivery episiotomy suture angle has a 10% risk of OASIS while 45-degree episiotomy is associated with 0.5% risk. To account for perineal distension at crowning, a 60-degree episiotomy incision is required to achieve 43–50 degree suture angles. We compared episiotomy suture angles with commonly used Braun-Stadler episiotomy scissors with the new fixed angle EPISCISSORS-60®. Methods: Ethical approval was obtained. A prospective cluster randomization design was chosen. Thirty-one patients were required in each group for a 12-degree difference with power at 90% and 5% significance. Sutured episiotomy angles and post-delivery linear distance from caudal end of the sutured episiotomy to the anus were measured with protractors and rulers. Two-tailed t-tests were used to compare the two groups. Results: Thirty-one nulliparae had episiotomies with EPISCISSORS-60®, 32 with Braun-Stadler. Mean age (25 versus 24.8 years was similar. EPISCISSORS-60® episiotomies were angled 12 degrees more laterally away from the anus compared to Braun-Stadler (40.6 degrees, 95% confidence interval [CI] ±2, interquartile range [IQR] 35–45 versus 28.3 degrees, 95% CI ±2, IQR 25–30, P<0.0001. The post-delivery linear distance from caudal end of the sutured episiotomy to the anus was 15 mm more with the EPISCISSORS-60® compared to Braun-Stadler (35 mm, 95% CI ±2.2, IQR =30–39 versus 19.5; 95% CI ±1.3, IQR =14.75–22.25 P<0.0001. EPISCISSORS-60® episiotomies measured longer (47 mm versus 40 mm, P<0.0001. There were
Smart Resistance Thermometer Sensor Based on C8051F350
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
<正>A Smart resistance thermometer sensor is designed to overcome the shortages of the traditional ones, and Con-form to the world development trend of the sensor market.According to the constitutions of this Smart sensor and its application coverage,those parts with good -application and low-cost were chosen to constitute this sensor on the basis of full consideration of the linkage among every part.The whole testing system were controlled and processed by C8051F350 single-chip,it could measure precise temperature by PT100 resistance thermometer and circumstance temperature for temperature compensating automatically and simultane-ously,it also could amplify signals to convert analog signals to digital ones,and display results automatically by analysing and processing information.Furthermore,it could auto-compensate self-check,and spot communicate.
Adsorption and evolution behavior of 4C1Si island configurations on diamond (0 0 1) surface: A first principle study
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Liu, Xuejie, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010 (China); Gengdan Institute of Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 101301 (China); Yin, Yongjie; Ren, Yuan; Wei, Huai [School of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010 (China)
Highlights: • We investigate the adsorption energy of C-by-3C1Si islands on diamond (0 0 1) surface. • The adsorption energy of Si-by-4C island configurations was calculated by DFT. • The evolution manner from C5-by-3C1Si to Si3-by-4C island were calculated by NEB. - Abstract: The adsorption energy of the 4C1Si island configurations and the diffusion activation energies of carbon and silicon atoms on diamond (0 0 1) surface were calculated with first principle method based on density functional theory (DFT) to study the growth of diamond films and the growth position of silicon particles after they are mixed into the composite film. The 4C1Si island configurations consist of five types of C-by-3C1Si configurations and four types of Si-by-4C configurations. The adsorption energy and total energy of the 4C1Si island configurations were calculated firstly. In addition, the diffusion activation energies of the carbon and silicon atoms were calculated. The results show that: (1) the adsorption energy of the Si-by-4C island configurations is higher than that of the C-by-3C1Si island configurations. This indicates that it is not easy for silicon atoms to remain stable in the 3C1Si island. In contrast, silicon atoms are easy to move out of the island so that the carbon atoms out of the 3C1Si Island can enter the island to form the 4C island; (2) Compared with the carbon atom, silicon atom needs lower diffusion activation energy to move into or out of the island. This shows that silicon atoms are more active than carbon atoms. Thus, it is easier for silicon particles to fill the vacancy defects in diamond/Si films, improving the compactness of the diamond composite films.
Experience gained from using water and steam for bringing the operation of aircraft- and marine-derivative gas-turbine engines in compliance with environmental standards
Datsenko, V. V.; Zeigarnik, Yu. A.; Kosoi, A. S.
Practical experience gained from using water and steam admission into the combustion chambers of aircraft- and marine-derivative gas turbines for bringing their operation in compliance with the requirements of environmental standards is described. The design and schematic modifications of combustion chambers and fuel system through which this goal is achieved are considered. The results obtained from industrial and rig tests of combustion chambers fitted with water or steam admission systems are presented.
Morphological variability of oospores of Chara baueri A. Braun (Characeae
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Andrzej Hutorowicz
Full Text Available The shape and size of present-day specimens of Chara baueri are described. C. baueri is believed to have practically died out in Europe. Oospores of specimens of C. baueri collected in Kazachstan were subjected to morpholgical analysis. Data recorded included oospore length, oospore diameter, the ratio of length to diameter, the number of lateral convolutions, ridge width, the width of the fossules at the equator, and the diameter of the basal pore. Variation in oospore length and the number of convolutions was higher than had been previously reported in the literature, whereas variation in oospore width was identical to previous reports.
The effects of turbine passage on C-start behavior of salmon at the Wanapum Dam, Washington
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cada, Glenn F. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Ryon, Michael G. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Smith, John G. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Luckett, Cloe A. [Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
In 2005, Grant County Public Utility District No. 2 (GCPUD) replaced one of the 10 Kaplan turbines at Wanapum Dam with an advanced turbine that was developed with support from the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Hydropower Turbine System Program. Compared to a conventional Kaplan turbine, the advanced minimum gap runner (MGR) turbine is predicted to have lower values for several potential fish injury mechanisms, and therefore was expected to improve turbine-passage fish survival. Fish survival tests of the new turbine were carried out by GCPUD between February and April 2005. A total of 8,960 tagged juvenile summer Chinook salmon were used to quantify the differences in direct mortality associated with turbine passage for the new and old turbines. There were few test conditions in which the study was noted a distinct difference between the old Kaplan turbine and the new MGR turbine on the basis of changes in the escape behavior of uninjured fish.
Standard potential of sodium amalgam at 250C
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
From a set of critically selected literary data on the emf's of concentration cells consisting of sodium metal and sodium amalgam in a sodium salt non-aqueous electrolyte a value of E0sub(Na(Hg)/Na+) = -1.95584 V was calculated for the standard equilibrium potential of diluted liquid sodium amalgam at 250C. The standard state of the amalgam was derived from an amalgam at infinite dilution where fsub(Na)→ 1.0 for xsub(Na)→ 0. The activity coefficient of sodium in the amalgam at an arbitrary composition, corresponding to this standard state, is obtained from the expression 1g fsub(Na(Hg)) = 16.393 xsub(Na). (author)
Generation and replication-dependent dilution of 5fC and 5caC during mouse preimplantation development
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Azusa Inoue; Li Shen; Qing Dai; Chuan He; Yi Zhang
One of the recent advances in the epigenetic field is the demonstration that the Tet family of proteins are capable of catalyzing conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) of DNA to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC).Interestingly,recent studies have shown that 5hmC can be further oxidized by Tet proteins to generate 5-formyicytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC),which can be removed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG).To determine whether Tetcatalyzed conversion of 5mC to 5fC and 5caC occurs in vivo in zygotes,we generated antibodies specific for 5fC and 5caC.By immunostaining,we demonstrate that loss of 5mC in the paternal pronucleus is concurrent with the appearance of 5fC and 5caC,similar to that of 5hmC.Importantly,instead of being quickly removed through an enzyme-catalyzed process,both 5fC and 5caC exhibit replication-dependent dilution during mouse preimplantation development.These results not only demonstrate the conversion of 5mC to 5fC and 5caC in zygotes,but also indicate that both 5fC and 5caC are relatively stable and may be functional during preimplantation development.Together with previous studies,our study suggests that Tet-catalyzed conversion of 5mC to 5hmC/5fC/5caC followed by replication-dependent dilution accounts for paternal DNA demethylation during preimplantation development.
A genomic island present along the bacterial chromosome of the Parachlamydiaceae UWE25, an obligate amoebal endosymbiont, encodes a potentially functional F-like conjugative DNA transfer system
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Guy Lionel
Full Text Available Abstract Background The genome of Protochlamydia amoebophila UWE25, a Parachlamydia-related endosymbiont of free-living amoebae, was recently published, providing the opportunity to search for genomic islands (GIs. Results On the residual cumulative G+C content curve, a G+C-rich 19-kb region was observed. This sequence is part of a 100-kb chromosome region, containing 100 highly co-oriented ORFs, flanked by two 17-bp direct repeats. Two identical gly-tRNA genes in tandem are present at the proximal end of this genetic element. Several mobility genes encoding transposases and bacteriophage-related proteins are located within this chromosome region. Thus, this region largely fulfills the criteria of GIs. The G+C content analysis shows that several modules compose this GI. Surprisingly, one of them encodes all genes essential for F-like conjugative DNA transfer (traF, traG, traH, traN, traU, traW, and trbC, involved in sex pilus retraction and mating pair stabilization, strongly suggesting that, similarly to the other F-like operons, the parachlamydial tra unit is devoted to DNA transfer. A close relatedness of this tra unit to F-like tra operons involved in conjugative transfer is confirmed by phylogenetic analyses performed on concatenated genes and gene order conservation. These analyses and that of gly-tRNA distribution in 140 GIs suggest a proteobacterial origin of the parachlamydial tra unit. Conclusions A GI of the UWE25 chromosome encodes a potentially functional F-like DNA conjugative system. This is the first hint of a putative conjugative system in chlamydiae. Conjugation most probably occurs within free-living amoebae, that may contain hundreds of Parachlamydia bacteria tightly packed in vacuoles. Such a conjugative system might be involved in DNA transfer between internalized bacteria. Since this system is absent from the sequenced genomes of Chlamydiaceae, we hypothesize that it was acquired after the divergence between
Measurement of Swarm Parameters of c-C4F8/CO2 and Its Insulation Characteristics Analysis
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
ZHANG Liu-chun; XIAO Deng-ming; ZHANG Dong; WU Bian-tao
In c-C4F8 and c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures, the swarm parameters including ionization coefficient, attachment coefficient and effective ionization coefficient were obtained at the ratio of the electric field strength to the gas density between 150-550 Td by the steady-state Townsend (SST) method. Static breakdown voltages at each ratio were also measured at the SST condition. The limiting field strengths were obtained by two methods:computing the density-normalized effective ionization coefficient as a function of the overall density-reduced electric field strength; and measuring static breakdown voltages as a function of the product of gas density and electrode separation. Good agreement was obtained by these two methods, which ensures the correctness of the former method. The limiting field strengths of c-C4F8 and c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures were compared with those ofpure SF6, SF6/CO2 mixtures and pure c-C4Fs. It is found that buffer gas CO2 does not reduce the limiting field strengths of c-C4F8 greatly, the limiting field strengths of c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures are higher than those of SF6/CO2 mixtures or even pure SF6, and so c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures are suggested to be possible substitutes for SF6.
Standardization of 18F by Digital beta(LS)-gamma Coincidence Counting
D., Rodrigues; P., Cassette; P., Arenillas; E., Capoulat M; G., Ceruti; E, García-Toraño
The nuclide 18F disintegrates to 18O by beta+ emission (96.86%) and electron capture (3.14%) with a half-life of 1.8288 h. It is widely used in nuclear medicine for positron emission tomography (PET). Because of its short half-life this nuclide requires the development of fast measuring methods to be standardized. The combination of LSC methods with digital techniques proves to be a good alternative to get low uncertainties for this, and other, short lived nuclides. A radioactive solution of 18F has been standardized by coincidence counting with a LSC, using the logical sum of double coincidences in a TDCR array and a NaI scintillation detector. The results show good consistency with other techniques like 4Pi gamma and LSC.
Frequency of the hemochromatosis HFE mutations C282Y, H63D, and S65C in blood donors in the Faroe Islands
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Milman, Nils; á Steig, Torkil; Koefoed, Pernille;
The aim of the study was to assess the frequencies of the hereditary hemochromatosis HFE mutations C282Y, H63D, and S65C in the population in the Faroe Islands. The series comprised 200 randomly selected blood donors of Faroese heritage. The frequency of the C282Y, H63D, and S65C mutations...
42 CFR Appendix F to Part 75 - Standards for Licensing Radiographers, Nuclear Medicine Technologists, and Radiation Therapy...
... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standards for Licensing Radiographers, Nuclear..., App. F Appendix F to Part 75—Standards for Licensing Radiographers, Nuclear Medicine Technologists... licensed as Radiographers, Nuclear Medicine Technologists, or Radiation Therapy Technologists. 2....
A 19F NMR study of C-I....pi- halogen bonding
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hauchecorne, Dieter; vand er Veken, Benjamin J.; Herrebout, Wouter A.;
The formation of halogen bonded complexes between toluene-d8 and the perfluoroiodopropanes 1-C3F7I and 2-C3F7I has been investigated using 19F NMR spectroscopy. For both Lewis acids, evidence was found for the formation of a C–I⋯π halogen bonded complex. The complex formed is a 1:1 type. Using...
Wind turbine sound power measurements.
Keith, Stephen E; Feder, Katya; Voicescu, Sonia A; Soukhovtsev, Victor; Denning, Allison; Tsang, Jason; Broner, Norm; Richarz, Werner; van den Berg, Frits
This paper provides experimental validation of the sound power level data obtained from manufacturers for the ten wind turbine models examined in Health Canada's Community Noise and Health Study (CNHS). Within measurement uncertainty, the wind turbine sound power levels measured using IEC 61400-11 [(2002). (International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva)] were consistent with the sound power level data provided by manufacturers. Based on measurements, the sound power level data were also extended to 16 Hz for calculation of C-weighted levels. The C-weighted levels were 11.5 dB higher than the A-weighted levels (standard deviation 1.7 dB). The simple relationship between A- and C- weighted levels suggests that there is unlikely to be any statistically significant difference between analysis based on either C- or A-weighted data. PMID:27036281
Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung ja, aber wie? Standards für qualitätsvolle Beteiligungsprozesse.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kerstin Arbter
Full Text Available Damit Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung der Öffentlichkeit, der Politik und der Verwaltung nützt, muss sie qualitätsvoll durchgeführt werden. Daher entwickelte eine interministerielle Arbeitsgruppe unter Beteiligung von Ministerien, Interessenvertretungen, NGOs und externen FachexpertInnen im Rahmen eines Projekts im Auftrag des Bundeskanzleramtes und des Lebensministeriums "Standards der Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung". Die Standards wurden im Juli 2008 vom Ministerrat beschlossen und damit im Bereich der österreichischen Bundesverwaltung zur Anwendung empfohlen. Sie sollen nun VerwaltungsmitarbeiterInnen bei der konkreten Durchführung qualitätsvoller Beteiligungsprozesse unterstützen. Die Standards der Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung wurden selbst in einem partizipativen Prozess entwickelt. Zu Beginn wurde ein gemeinsames Begriffsverständnis zur Öffentlichkeit und zu den drei Intensitätsstufen der Beteiligung (Information, Konsultation und Kooperation geschaffen. Danach wurden Standards zu den drei Phasen eines Beteiligungsprozesses, der Vorbereitungsphase, der Durchführungsphase und der Monitoring- und Evaluierungsphase nach Abschluss des Prozesses, formuliert. Erste Anwendungsversuche – einerseits beim Konsultationsprozess zum Entwurf der Standards selbst, andererseits bei einem ersten Pilotprojekt – zeigen, dass die Standards der Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung durchaus praxistauglich sind. Auch für elektronisch unterstützte Beteiligungsprozesse sollen die Standards ein hilfreiches Qualitätsfundament bieten.
The biomechanical properties of F1C pili
Castelain, Mickaël; Klinth, Jeanna; Lindberg, Stina; Andersson, Magnus; Uhlin, Bernt Eric; Axner, Ove
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) express various kinds of organelles, so-called pili or fimbriae, that mediate adhesion to host tissue in the urinary tract through specific receptor-adhesin interactions. The biomechanical properties of these pili have been considered important for the ability of bacteria to withstand shear forces from rinsing urine flows. Force measuring optical tweezers have been used to characterize individual organelles of F1C type expressed by UPEC bacteria with respect to such properties. Qualitatively, the force-vs.-elongation response was found to be similar to that of other types of helix-like pili expressed by UPEC, i.e. type 1, P, and S, with force-induced elongation in three regions of which one represents the important uncoiling mechanism of the helix-like quaternary structure. Quantitatively, the steady-state uncoiling force was assessed to 26.4(1.4) pN, which is similar to those of other pili (which range from 21 pN for SI to 30 pN for type 1). The corner velocity for dynam...
Telaprevir- and boceprevir-based tritherapies in real practice for F3-F4 pretreated hepatitis C virus patients
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Delphine; Bonnet; Matthieu; Guivarch; Ana?s; Palacin; Laurent; Alric; Emilie; Bérard; Jean-Marc; Combis; Andre; Jean; Remy; Andre; Glibert; Jean-Louis; Payen; Sophie; Metivier; Karl; Barange; Herve; Desmorat; Florence; Nicot; Florence; Abravanel
AIM:To assess,in a routine practice setting,the sus-tained virologic response(SVR) to telaprevir(TPV) or boceprevir(BOC) in hepatitis C virus(HCV) nullresponders or relapsers with severe liver fibrosis.METHODS:One hundred twenty-five patients were treated prospectively for 48 wk with TPV or BOC + pegylated-interferon(peg-INF) α2a + ribavirin(PR) according to standard treatment schedules without randomization.These patients were treated in routine practice settings in 10 public or private health care centers,and the data were prospectively collected.Only patients with severe liver fibrosis(Metavir scores of F3 or F4 upon liver biopsy or liver stiffness assessed by elastography),genotype 1 HCV and who were null-responders or relapsers to prior PR combination therapy were included in this study.RESULTS:The Metavir fibrosis scores were F3 in 35(28%) and F4 in 90(72%) of the patients.In total,62.9% of the patients were null-responders and 37.1% relapsers to the previous PR therapy.The overall SVR rate at 24 wk post-treatment withdrawal was 59.8%.The SVR was 65.9% in the TPV group and 44.1% in the BOC group.Independent predictive factors of an SVR included a response to previous treatment,relapsers vs null-responders [OR = 3.9;(1.4,10.6),P = 0.0084],a rapid virological response(RVR) [OR 6.9(2.6,18.2),P = 0.001] and liver stiffness lower than 21.3 kPa [OR = 8.2(2.3,29.5),P = 0.001].During treatment,63 patients(50.8%) had at least one severe adverse event(SAE) of grade 3 or 4.A multivariate analysis identified two factors associated with SAEs:female gender [OR = 2.4(1.1,5.6),P = 0.037] and a platelet count below 150 × 103/ mm3 [OR = 5.3(2.3,12.4),P ≤ 0.001].CONCLUSION:More than half of these difficult-to-treat patients achieved an SVR and had SAEs in an actual practice setting.The SVR rate was influenced by the response to previous PR treatment,the RVR and liver stiffness.
Offshore wind farm siting procedures applied offshore of Block Island, Rhode Island
O'Reilly, Christopher M.
Since 2008, the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC) has been leading a Rhode Island Ocean Area Management Plan (RIOSAMP) in partnership with the University of Rhode Island, resulting in an extensive multidisciplinary analysis of the Rhode Island offshore environment and its suitability for siting an offshore wind farm. As part of the RIOSAMP project, a standard siting optimization approach was first developed based on a siting index defined as the ratio of costs associated with the wind farm deployment to the available wind resource. This index, combined within a marine spatial planning approach to address ecological and societal constraints, provided an initial macro-siting tool (Spaulding et al., 2010). The multiple GIS layers required in this approach and the absence of theoretical support to optimize the resulting zoning, led to an extension of the initial optimization approach into a more comprehensive macro-siting optimization tool, integrating societal and ecological constraints into the siting tool, the Wind Farm Siting Index (WIFSI) (Grilli et al, 2012). The projects led to the definition of several favorable development areas including a Renewable Energy Zone (REZ) off of Block Island, in State Waters. Deep Water Wind Inc. (DWW) plans to install and commission five 6 MW direct drive Siemens lattice jacket turbines in the REZ area, by 2014. In this thesis two major steps are accomplished to refine and expand the RIOSAMP macro-siting tool. First the macro-siting tool is expanded to include a model simulating the exclusionary zones defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations. Second a micro-siting model is developed, optimizing the relative position of each turbine within a wind farm area. The micro-siting objective is to minimize, (1) the loss in power due to the loss of wind resource in the wake of the turbines (wake "effect"), and (2) the cable costs that inter-connect the turbines and connecting the farm to the
System Impact Study of the Eastern Grid of Sumba Island, Indonesia: Steady-State and Dynamic System Modeling for the Integration of One and Two 850-kW Wind Turbine Generators
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Oswal, R. [Innovation Wind Energy, Inc., Jacksonville, FL (United States); Jain, P. [Innovation Wind Energy, Inc., Jacksonville, FL (United States); Muljadi, Eduard [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Hirsch, Brian [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Castermans, B. [Winrock International Inc., Little Rock, AR (United States); Chandra, J. [Winrock International Inc., Little Rock, AR (United States); Raharjo, S. [Winrock International Inc., Little Rock, AR (United States); Hardison, R. [Winrock International Inc., Little Rock, AR (United States)
The goal of this project was to study the impact of integrating one and two 850-kW wind turbine generators into the eastern power system network of Sumba Island, Indonesia. A model was created for the 20-kV distribution network as it existed in the first quarter of 2015 with a peak load of 5.682 MW. Detailed data were collected for each element of the network. Load flow, short-circuit, and transient analyses were performed using DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.2.1.
Reevaluation and Classification of Duodenal Lesions in B6C3F1 Mice and F344 Rats from 4 Studies of Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water.
Cullen, John M; Ward, Jerrold M; Thompson, Chad M
Thirteen-week and 2-year drinking water studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) reported that hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) induced diffuse epithelial hyperplasia in the duodenum of B6C3F1 mice but not F344 rats. In the 2-year study, Cr(VI) exposure was additionally associated with duodenal adenomas and carcinomas in mice only. Subsequent 13-week Cr(VI) studies conducted by another group demonstrated non-neoplastic duodenal lesions in B6C3F1 mice similar to those of the NTP study as well as mild duodenal hyperplasia in F344 rats. Because intestinal lesions in mice are the basis for proposed safety standards for Cr(VI), and the histopathology data are relevant to the mode of action, consistency (an important Hill criterion for causality) was assessed across the aforementioned studies. Two veterinary pathologists applied uniform diagnostic criteria to the duodenal lesions in rats and mice from the 4 repeated-dose studies. Comparable non-neoplastic intestinal lesions were evident in mice and rats from all 4 studies; however, the incidence and severity of intestinal lesions were greater in mice than rats. These findings demonstrate consistency across studies and species and highlight the importance of standardized nomenclature for intestinal pathology. The differences in the severity of non-neoplastic lesions also likely contribute to the differential tumor response.
Standardized uptake value and quantification of metabolism for breast cancer imaging with FDG and L-[1-C-11]tyrosine PET
Kole, AC; Nieweg, OE; Pruim, J; Paans, AMJ; Plukker, JTM; Hoekstra, HJ; Vaalburg, W; Schraffordt Koops, H.
The aims of the study were to compare the value of L-[1-C-11]tyrosine (TYR) and [F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) as tumor tracers in patients with breast cancer, to investigate the correlation between quantitative values and standardized uptake values (SUVs) and to estimate the value of SUVs for
Improvement of the thermal conductivity of SiC{sub F}/SiC composite
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Youngblood, G.E. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (United States); Kowbel, W. [MER Corporation, Tucson, AZ (United States)
The methods, high temperature annealing and doping, were examined for improving the thermal conductivity of simulated CVI/{Beta}-SiC matrix material. For instance, a two hour 1500{degrees}C anneal led to the increase of the room temperature (RT) thermal conductivity from 38 to 59 W.mK. Be doping was even more effective in causing the thermal conductivity to increase with RT conductivity values up to 160 W/mK attained. To further optimize the thermal conductivity, hot-pressed SiC materials with carefully controlled amounts of Be-and B{sub 4}C-doping were investigated. Although a small improvement ({approx} 8%) was achieved with 2.0 wt % Be-doping, the effort to refine the amount of doping needed was largely unsuccessful. Apparently, hot-pressing SiC introduced numerous substructural stacking faults which effectively scattered phonons on the intermediate temperature range and nullified the benefits of doping. Nevertheless, Be and B{sub 4}C-doping and/or thermal treatments appear to be promising strategies to achieve the goal of eventually improving the thermal conductivity of SiC{sub f}/SiC composite.
2C-Methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate enhances and sustains cyclodiphosphate synthase IspF activity.
Bitok, J Kipchirchir; Meyers, Caren Freel
There is significant progress toward understanding catalysis throughout the essential MEP pathway to isoprenoids in human pathogens; however, little is known about pathway regulation. The present study begins by testing the hypothesis that isoprenoid biosynthesis is regulated via feedback inhibition of the fifth enzyme cyclodiphosphate synthase IspF by downstream isoprenoid diphosphates. Here, we demonstrate recombinant E. coli IspF is not inhibited by downstream metabolites isopentenyl diphosphate (IDP), dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), geranyl diphosphate (GDP), and farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) under standard assay conditions. However, 2C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), the product of reductoisomerase IspC and first committed MEP pathway intermediate, activates and sustains this enhanced IspF activity, and the IspF-MEP complex is inhibited by FDP. We further show that the methylerythritol scaffold itself, which is unique to this pathway, drives the activation and stabilization of active IspF. Our results suggest a novel feed-forward regulatory mechanism for 2C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcDP) production and support an isoprenoid biosynthesis regulatory mechanism via feedback inhibition of the IspF-MEP complex by FDP. The results have important implications for development of inhibitors against the IspF-MEP complex, which may be the physiologically relevant form of the enzyme. PMID:22839733
Development of standardized air-blown coal gasifier/gas turbine concepts for future electric power systems
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sadowski, R.S.; Brown, M.J.; Harriz, J.T.; Ostrowski, E.
The cost estimate provided for the DOE sponsored study of Air Blown Coal Gasification was developed from vendor quotes obtained directly for the equipment needed in the 50 MW, 100 MW, and 200 MW sized plants and from quotes from other jobs that have been referenced to apply to the particular cycle. Quotes were generally obtained for the 100 MW cycle and a scale up/down factor was used to generate the cost estimates for the 200 MW and 50 MW cycles, respectively. Information from GTPro (property of Thermoflow, Inc.) was used to estimate the cost of the 200 MW and 50 MW gas turbine, HRSG, and steam turbines. To available the use of GTPro's estimated values for this equipment, a comparison was made between the quotes obtained for the 100 MW cycle (ABB GT 11N combustion turbine and a HSRG) against the estimated values by GTPro.
Collisional quenching reaction rate coefficients of N2 (A3Σu+) by C2F6 and C3F8
Suzuki, Susumu; Kuboaki, Masaru; Itoh, Haruo
The collisional quenching reaction rate coefficient of N2 (A3Σu+) by various air pollutant gases were determined from the measurement of the effective lifetime of N2 (A3Σu+) in pure N2 (5-nine) with a small amount of air pollutant gases as an admixture. Derivation of the rate coefficient was performed the waveform analysis of the transient ionization current after turning off the UV light in the Townsend discharge. In this paper, we report that the obtained collisional quenching reaction rate coefficients of N2 (A3Σu+) by C2F6 and C3F8 are (2.3 +/- 1.8) × 10-15 cm3/s and (1.6 +/- 0.8) × 10-14 cm3/s, respectively. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between the rate coefficient and the mass number of their quenching molecular gases. Firstly, it is confirmed that the rate coefficient take large value with an increase in the mass number of the quenching gases. Secondly, if H atom is included in the gas molecules such as CH4, C2F6 and C3F8 the rate coefficient take large value, but if the molecules including F atom such as C2F6 and C3F8 instead of H atom in this study, more smaller values of the collisional quenching reaction rate coefficient are observed.
CFD prediction of unsteady wicket gate-runner interaction in Francis turbines: A new standard hydraulic design procedure
Nennemann, B.; Vu, T.C.; Farhat, M.
GE Energy Hydro has developed a new procedure for the CFD analysis of the unsteady rotor-stator interaction between the wicket gates and runner blades of Francis turbines. The results from the CFD calculations have been successfully validated by means of high quality unsteady pressure measurements on a model turbine performed at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Due to the efficiency of the procedure and the available computational capacities, unsteady rotor-stator analyses are now ro...
Hennes & Mauritz. En studie av varumärket H&M och företagets historia på Island
Margrét Óda Ingimarsdóttir 1983
Jag kommer att begränsa den här undersökningen till att behandla H&M:s historia och bakgrund för att vidare kunna undersöka vad företagets varumärke står för och hur det har lyckats nå sina framgångar. Efter att ha hört debatten om den omtalade boken No Logo (2000) av Naomi Klein, en kanadensisk författare och journalist, blev jag intresserad av att veta vad det är som gör ett varumärke framgångsrikt. Jag tänker också undersöka H&M:s historia på Island och försöka få svar på varför H&M inte l...
26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-3 - Requirements for lessor.
...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) TEMPORARY INCOME TAX REGULATIONS UNDER THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT OF 1981 § 5c... qualified lessor. See § 5c.168(f)(8)-8 for the Federal income tax consequences of such a disqualification... section. See § 5c.168(f)(8)-8 for the Federal income tax consequences where a lease ceases to...
31 CFR 315.32 - Series A, B, C, D, F, G, J, and K bonds.
... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Series A, B, C, D, F, G, J, and K.... SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, AND K, AND U.S. SAVINGS NOTES Interest § 315.32 Series A, B, C, D, F, G, J, and K bonds. All bonds of these series have matured and no longer earn interest....
Automated synthesis of n.c.a. [18F]FDOPA via nucleophilic aromatic substitution with [18F]fluoride
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An improved, automated synthesis of [18F]FDOPA including four synthetic steps (fluorination, reductive iodination, alkylation and hydrolysis) is reported with each step optimized individually. In a home-made automatic synthesizer, 9064±3076 MBq of [18F]FDOPA were produced within 120 min from EOB (n=5). Radiochemical purity and enantiomeric excess were both ≥95%. Specific activity was ca. 50 GBq/μmol at EOS. This automatically operable synthesis is well suited for the multi-patient-dose routine production of n.c.a. [18F]FDOPA.
Diastereoselective B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Reductive Carbocyclization of Unsaturated Carbohydrates.
Bender, Trandon A; Dabrowski, Jennifer A; Zhong, Hongyu; Gagné, Michel R
A B(C6F5)3-catalyzed method for the selective conversion of unsaturated carbohydrates to cyclopentanes and cyclopropanes is disclosed. Catalyst activation of tertiary silanes generates the ion pair [(C6F5)3B-H][ROSi2] whose components synergistically activate C-O bonds for diastereoselective C-C bond formation. Sila-THF cations are invoked as key intermediates facilitating carbocyclizations. Complex chiral synthons are thereby obtained in a single pot.
Turbinectomy; Turbinoplasty; Turbinate reduction; Nasal airway surgery ... There are several types of turbinate surgery: Turbinectomy: All or part of the lower turbinate is taken out. This can be done in several different ways, but sometimes a ...
26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-4 - Minimum investment of lessor.
... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Minimum investment of lessor. 5c.168(f)(8)-4....168(f)(8)-4 Minimum investment of lessor. (a) Minimum investment. Under section 168(f)(8)(B)(ii), an... has a minimum at risk investment which, at the time the property is placed in service under the...
Progress in the development of a SiC{sub f}/SiC creep test
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hamilton, M.L.; Lewinsohn, C.A.; Jones, R.H.; Youngblood, G.E.; Garner, F.A. [Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Hecht, S.L.
An effort is now underway to design an experiment that will allow the irradiation creep behavior of SiC{sub f}/SiC composites to be quantified. Numerous difficulties must be overcome to achieve this goal, including determining an appropriate specimen geometry that will fit their radiation volumes available and developing a fabrication procedure for such a specimen. A specimen design has been selected, and development of fabrication methods is proceeding. Thermal and stress analyses are being performed to evaluate the viability of the specimen and to assist with determining the design parameters. A possible alternate type of creep test is also being considered. Progress in each of these areas is described in this report.
Necessary and Sufficient Standards Closure Process pilot: F- and H-Area groundwater remediation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The DOE Standards Committee's Necessary and Sufficient (N and S) Standards Closure Process was piloted at SRS on the F- and H- Area Seepage Basins Groundwater Remediation Project. For this existing Environmental Restoration project, the set of N and S standards for design and safety documentation were identified, independently confirmed and approved. Implementation of these standards on the project can lead to a $2.8 Million cost savings on the design, construction/installation, and safety documentation scope of $18 Million. These savings were primarily from site design of power distribution and piping for the water treatment units. Also contributing to the savings were a more appropriate level of safety documentation and the alternate ''commercial'' bids made by vendors in response to a request for proposals for water treatment units. The use of the N and S Process on an ER activity, details on the cost savings, lessons learned and recommendations for broader implementation of the N and S Process are described herein
Task 8.4 - High Temperature Turbine Disk Development
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
The goal of this task is to demonstrate a bonding technique to produce a dual-alloy turbine disk concept which will satisfy the diverse property requirements of the rim and hub areas of the disk. The program examines methods of attaching a cast superalloy rim with sufficient rupture strength to a fine grain hub materials with the required LCF properties. The goals of the program were established in the context of a preliminary turbine design by Solar Turbines, Inc. designated ATS 5. The initial target for the ATS 5 application was to allow rim operating temperatures in the 1350-1400 {degrees} F range. The life goal of the Dual-Alloy Disk was envisioned to maintain Solar`s standard turbine disk philosophy of 1000,000 hours.
The Late Devonian Frasnian-Famennian (F/F) biotic crisis: Insights from δ13C carb, δ13C org and 87Sr / 86Sr isotopic systematics
Chen, Daizhao; Qing, Hairuo; Li, Renwei
A severe biotic crisis occurred during the Late Devonian Frasnian-Famennian (F/F) transition (± 367 Myr). Here we present δ13C carb, δ13C org and 87Sr / 86Sr isotopic systematics, from identical samples of two sections across F/F boundary in South China, which directly demonstrate large and frequent climatic fluctuations (˜200 kyr) from warming to cooling during the F/F transition. These climate fluctuations are interpreted to have been induced initially by increased volcanic outgassing, and subsequent enhanced chemical weathering linked to the rapid expansion of vascular plants on land, which would have increased riverine delivery to oceans and primary bioproductivity, and subsequent burial of organic matter, thereby resulting in climate cooling. Such large and frequent climatic fluctuations, together with volcanic-induced increases in nutrient (e.g., biolimiting Fe), toxin (sulfide) and anoxic water supply, and subsequent enhanced riverine fluxes and microbial bloom, were likely responsible for the stepwise faunal demise of F/F biotic crisis.
Modeling Temperature Dependence of fT in 4H-SiC Bipolar Transistors
Hussain, Muhammad Waqar; Rusu, Ana
This paper models the temperature dependence of fT in 4H-SiC bipolar devices. The proposed model describes variation of the constituent parameters of fT as a function of temperature. The model assumes complete ionization of dopants in 4H-SiC. However, this assumption hampers the model's utilityat temperatures below 300◦C. The model was simulated attemperatures between 300◦C and 700◦C and a drop in fT wasobserved. However, measurements are required to prove thecorrectness of the model or lack ...
μc-Si:H:F Thermopile Power Sensors
Kodato, Setsuo
Heavy doped a-Si:H:F thin film containing a microcrystalline phase (pc-S:H:F) has properties of a very high dark-conductivity and a large thermoelectric power. Wip this pc-Si:H:F film, high performance thermopile has been developed for power sensors. ' The film was deposited on glass substrate, using SiH4 + SiF4 gases, by radio frequeycy glow discharge decomposition. The film showed a largg dark-aonductivity of 33 S cm-1 (the highest value), and a large thermoelectric power of 250 pV/K for the p-type and -200 pV/K for the n-type, respectively. The thermopile power sensor was produced having power sensitivity of 1.5 mV/mW and the linearity being better than 1%. A new type of high performance wideband level meter, using the amorphous silicon thin-film type thermopile rms-value-detector was developed and has been put into practical use.
Measurement system for wind turbine acoustic noise assessment based on IEC standard and Qin′s model
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Sun Lei; Qin Shuren; Bo Lin; Xu Liping; Stephan Joeckel
A novel measurement system specially used in noise emission assessment and verification of wind turbine generator systems is presented that complies with specifications given in IEC 61400-11 to ensure the process consistency and accuracy. Theory elements of the calculation formula used for the sound power level of wind turbine have been discussed for the first time, and detailed calculation procedure of tonality and audibility integrating narrowband analysis and psychoacoustics is described. With a microphone and two PXI cards inserted into a PC, this system is designed in Qin′s model using VMIDS development system. Benefiting from the virtual instrument architecture, it′s the first time that all assessment process have been integrated into an organic whole, which gives full advantages of its efficiency, price, and facility. Mass experiments show that its assessment results accord with the ones given by MEASNET member.
Harmonisation of wind turbine certification in Europe JOULE project EWTC
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nath, C. [Germanischer Lloyd, Hamburg (Germany); Eriksson, C. [Det Norske Veritas, Hellerup (Denmark); Hulle, F. van [Frans van Hulle, Petten (Netherlands); Skamris, C. [Risoe National Lab., Roskilde (Denmark); Stam, W. [CIWI Holland, Arnheim (Netherlands); Vionis, P. [CRES, Attki (Greece)
Wind turbine certification requirements are currently fairly divers within Europe. Therefore the leading European certification bodies initiated a JOULE project to harmonise the certification procedure on the basis of the current set of IEC/EN 61400 series standards. The paper presents a review of the state of the art of wind turbine certification in European countries and an outline of the sturcture of the project. The main steps of the project are (a) the collection of differences in certification practices by round robin certification of three wind turbine types; (b) assessment of the different certification results and (c) the development of a harmonised certification procedure. (au) EU-JOULE-3. 19 refs.
26 CFR 5c.44F-1 - Leases and qualified research expenses.
... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Leases and qualified research expenses. 5c.44F-1 Section 5c.44F-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) TEMPORARY INCOME TAX REGULATIONS UNDER THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT OF 1981 §...
26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-10 - Leases between related parties. [Reserved
... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Leases between related parties. 5c.168(f)(8)-10 Section 5c.168(f)(8)-10 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) TEMPORARY INCOME TAX REGULATIONS UNDER THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT OF 1981 §...
26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-11 - Consolidated returns. [Reserved
... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Consolidated returns. 5c.168(f)(8)-11 Section 5c.168(f)(8)-11 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) TEMPORARY INCOME TAX REGULATIONS UNDER THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT OF 1981 §...
26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-5 - Term of lease.
... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Term of lease. 5c.168(f)(8)-5 Section 5c.168(f)(8)-5 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) TEMPORARY INCOME TAX REGULATIONS UNDER THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT OF 1981 §...
Albert Einstein and Wernher von Braun - the two great German-American physicists seen in a historical perspective.
Winterberg, Friedwardt
It was Albert Einstein who for the first time changed our view of the universe to be a non-euclidean curved space-time. And it was Wernher von Braun who blazed the trail to take us into this universe, leaving for the first time the gravitational field of our planet earth, with the landing a man on the moon the greatest event in human history. Both these great physicists did this on the shoulders of giants. Albert Einstein on the shoulders of his landsman, the mathematician Bernhard Riemann, and Wernher von Braun on the shoulders of Goddard and Oberth. Both Einstein and von Braun made a Faustian pact with the devil, von Braun by accepting research funds from Hitler, and Einstein by urging Roosvelt to build the atom bomb (against Hitler). Both of these great men later regretted the use of their work for the killing of innocent bystanders, even though in the end the invention of nuclear energy and space flight is for the benefit of man. Their example serves as a warning for all of us. It can be formulated as follows: ``Can I in good conscience accept research funds from the military to advance scientific knowledge, for weapons developed against an abstract enemy I never have met in person?'' Weapons if used do not differentiate between the scientist, who invented these weapons, and the non-scientist.
Post-bomb coral Δ14C record from Iki Island, Japan: possible evidence of oceanographic conditions on the northern East China Sea shelf
Mitsuguchi, Takehiro; Hirota, Masashi; Group, Paleo Labo AMS Dating; Yamazaki, Atsuko; Watanabe, Tsuyoshi; Yamano, Hiroya
In this study, a sea-surface water Δ14C record of AD 1966-2000 (i.e., after the atmospheric nuclear-bomb testing period of the mid-1950s to early 1960s) was reconstructed from a coral sample collected from Iki Island, western Japan. The island is located in the Tsushima Strait where the Tsushima Current flows from the East China Sea (ECS) continental shelf into the Sea of Japan, indicating a strong influence of the ECS shelf water on the island. It is widely accepted that the Tsushima Current originates in the area between the ECS shelf break and the Nansei Islands further offshore as a branch of the Kuroshio Current, although another possible origin is the Taiwan-Tsushima Current System. The Δ14C record from Iki Island shows the following evidence of a response to the atmospheric nuclear testing: (1) an increase from ~55‰ in 1966 to ~133‰ in 1970, (2) a plateau ranging between ~123 and ~142‰ during the 1970s to the late 1980s, and (3) a gradual decrease from ~115‰ in 1990 to ~83‰ in 2000. Comparison of this record with coral Δ14C records from the Nansei Islands (Okinawa Island, Ishigaki Island and Kikai Island), located ~160-280 km off the ECS shelf break and little influenced by the shelf water, suggests that the surface-water Δ14C around Iki Island was ~30-45‰ lower than that of the Nansei Islands from the mid-1960s to late 1970s, and that the Δ14C difference between Iki Island and the Nansei Islands decreased from the end of the 1970s to ~0-15‰ in the mid-1980s to 2000. The lower Δ14C around Iki Island can be explained as follows: (1) in contrast to the Nansei Islands area, the ECS shelf area is a vertically mixed, highly concentrated carbon reservoir significantly connected to subsurface and deeper waters outside the shelf area, strongly suggesting that the surface-water Δ14C of the shelf area (perhaps excepting very shallow innermost shelf areas) was significantly less sensitive to the atmospheric nuclear-bomb 14C spike than that of the
Post-bomb coral Δ14C record from Iki Island, Japan: possible evidence of oceanographic conditions on the northern East China Sea shelf
Mitsuguchi, Takehiro; Hirota, Masashi; Paleo Labo AMS Dating Group; Yamazaki, Atsuko; Watanabe, Tsuyoshi; Yamano, Hiroya
In this study, a sea-surface water Δ14C record of AD 1966-2000 (i.e., after the atmospheric nuclear-bomb testing period of the mid-1950s to early 1960s) was reconstructed from a coral sample collected from Iki Island, western Japan. The island is located in the Tsushima Strait where the Tsushima Current flows from the East China Sea (ECS) continental shelf into the Sea of Japan, indicating a strong influence of the ECS shelf water on the island. It is widely accepted that the Tsushima Current originates in the area between the ECS shelf break and the Nansei Islands further offshore as a branch of the Kuroshio Current, although another possible origin is the Taiwan-Tsushima Current System. The Δ14C record from Iki Island shows the following evidence of a response to the atmospheric nuclear testing: (1) an increase from ~55‰ in 1966 to ~133‰ in 1970, (2) a plateau ranging between ~123 and ~142‰ during the 1970s to the late 1980s, and (3) a gradual decrease from ~115‰ in 1990 to ~83‰ in 2000. Comparison of this record with coral Δ14C records from the Nansei Islands (Okinawa Island, Ishigaki Island and Kikai Island), located ~160-280 km off the ECS shelf break and little influenced by the shelf water, suggests that the surface-water Δ14C around Iki Island was ~30-45‰ lower than that of the Nansei Islands from the mid-1960s to late 1970s, and that the Δ14C difference between Iki Island and the Nansei Islands decreased from the end of the 1970s to ~0-15‰ in the mid-1980s to 2000. The lower Δ14C around Iki Island can be explained as follows: (1) in contrast to the Nansei Islands area, the ECS shelf area is a vertically mixed, highly concentrated carbon reservoir significantly connected to subsurface and deeper waters outside the shelf area, strongly suggesting that the surface-water Δ14C of the shelf area (perhaps excepting very shallow innermost shelf areas) was significantly less sensitive to the atmospheric nuclear-bomb 14C spike than that of the
ASTM F1717 standard for the preclinical evaluation of posterior spinal fixators: can we improve it?
La Barbera, Luigi; Galbusera, Fabio; Villa, Tomaso; Costa, Francesco; Wilke, Hans-Joachim
Preclinical evaluation of spinal implants is a necessary step to ensure their reliability and safety before implantation. The American Society for Testing and Materials reapproved F1717 standard for the assessment of mechanical properties of posterior spinal fixators, which simulates a vertebrectomy model and recommends mimicking vertebral bodies using polyethylene blocks. This set-up should represent the clinical use, but available data in the literature are few. Anatomical parameters depending on the spinal level were compared to published data or measurements on biplanar stereoradiography on 13 patients. Other mechanical variables, describing implant design were considered, and all parameters were investigated using a numerical parametric finite element model. Stress values were calculated by considering either the combination of the average values for each parameter or their worst-case combination depending on the spinal level. The standard set-up represents quite well the anatomy of an instrumented average thoracolumbar segment. The stress on the pedicular screw is significantly influenced by the lever arm of the applied load, the unsupported screw length, the position of the centre of rotation of the functional spine unit and the pedicular inclination with respect to the sagittal plane. The worst-case combination of parameters demonstrates that devices implanted below T5 could potentially undergo higher stresses than those described in the standard suggestions (maximum increase of 22.2% at L1). We propose to revise F1717 in order to describe the anatomical worst case condition we found at L1 level: this will guarantee higher safety of the implant for a wider population of patients. PMID:25319550
Binding of the N-terminal fragment C0-C2 of cardiac MyBP-C to cardiac F-actin.
Kensler, Robert W; Shaffer, Justin F; Harris, Samantha P
Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), a major accessory protein of cardiac thick filaments, is thought to play a key role in the regulation of myocardial contraction. Although current models for the function of the protein focus on its binding to myosin S2, other evidence suggests that it may also bind to F-actin. We have previously shown that the N-terminal fragment C0-C2 of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) bundles actin, providing evidence for interaction of cMyBP-C and actin. In this paper we directly examined the interaction between C0-C2 and F-actin at physiological ionic strength and pH by negative staining and electron microscopy. We incubated C0-C2 (5-30μM, in a buffer containing in mM: 180 KCl, 1 MgCl(2), 1 EDTA, 1 DTT, 20 imidazole, at pH 7.4) with F-actin (5μM) for 30min and examined negatively-stained samples of the solution by electron microscopy (EM). Examination of EM images revealed that C0-C2 bound to F-actin to form long helically-ordered complexes. Fourier transforms indicated that C0-C2 binds with the helical periodicity of actin with strong 1st and 6th layer lines. The results provide direct evidence that the N-terminus of cMyBP-C can bind to F-actin in a periodic complex. This interaction of cMyBP-C with F-actin supports the possibility that binding of cMyBP-C to F-actin may play a role in the regulation of cardiac contraction.
Measurements of ionization and attachment coefficients in 0.468% and 4.910% c-C4F8/Ar mixtures and pure c-C4F8
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We measured the density normalized ionization coefficients and attachment coefficients in diluted c-C4F8/Ar mixtures and in pure perfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8) by the steady-state Townsend method. The ionization coefficients in the mixture gas are almost equal to those in pure argon at the high E/N range but differ considerably at the low E/N range. The present coefficients in pure c-C4F8 agree well with previously reported values at the high E/N range, but there are significant differences at the low E/N range. Measurements in the low E/N range were difficult, and there are few data of the attachment coefficients
The Electronegativity Analysis of c-C4F8 as a Potential Insulation Substitute of SF6
Zhao, Xiaoling; Jiao, Juntao; Li, Bing; Xiao, Dengming
The density distributions related to gas electronegativity for c-C4F8 gas, including negative ion, electron number and electron energy densities in the discharge process, are derived theoretically in both plane-to-plane and point-to-plane electrode geometries. These calculations have been performed through the Boltzmann equation in the condition of a steady-state Townsend (SST) experiment and a fluid model in the condition of both uniform and non-uniform electric fields. The electronegativity coefficients a = n-/ne of c-C4F8 and SF6 are compared to further describe the electron affinity of c-C4F8. The result shows that c-C4F8 represents an obvious electron-attachment performance in the discharge process. However, c-C4F8 still has much weaker gas electronegativity than SF6, whose electronegativity coefficient is lower than that of SF6 by at least three orders of magnitude. supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51337006)
Novel SiGe Island Coarsening Kinetics: Ostwald Ripening and Elastic Interactions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Real-time light scattering measurements of coherent island coarsening during SiGe/Si heteroepitaxy reveal unusual kinetics. In particular, the mean island volume increases superlinearly with time, while the areal density of islands decreases at a faster-than-linear rate. Neither observation is consistent with standard considerations of Ostwald ripening. Modification of the standard theory to incorporate the effect of elastic interactions in the growing island array reproduces the observed behavior. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society
Gas--steam turbine combined cycle power plants
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Christian, J.E.
The purpose of this technology evaluation is to provide performance and cost characteristics of the combined gas and steam turbine, cycle system applied to an Integrated Community Energy System (ICES). To date, most of the applications of combined cycles have been for electric power generation only. The basic gas--steam turbine combined cycle consists of: (1) a gas turbine-generator set, (2) a waste-heat recovery boiler in the gas turbine exhaust stream designed to produce steam, and (3) a steam turbine acting as a bottoming cycle. Because modification of the standard steam portion of the combined cycle would be necessary to recover waste heat at a useful temperature (> 212/sup 0/F), some sacrifice in the potential conversion efficiency is necessary at this temperature. The total energy efficiency ((electric power + recovered waste heat) divided by input fuel energy) varies from about 65 to 73% at full load to 34 to 49% at 20% rated electric power output. Two major factors that must be considered when installing a gas--steam turbine combines cycle are: the realiability of the gas turbine portion of the cycle, and the availability of liquid and gas fuels or the feasibility of hooking up with a coal gasification/liquefaction process.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Weitzel, Paul
The Babcock & Wilcox Company (B&W) performed a Pre-Front End Engineering Design (Pre-FEED) of an A-USC steam superheater for a proposed component test program achieving 760C (1400F) steam temperature. This would lead to follow-on work in a Phase 2 and Phase 3 that would involve detail design, manufacturing, construction and operation of the ComTest. Phase 1 results have provided the engineering data necessary for proceeding to the next phase of ComTest. The steam generator superheater would subsequently supply the steam to an A-USC prototype intermediate pressure steam turbine. The ComTest program is important in that it will place functioning A-USC components in operation and in coordinated boiler and turbine service. It is also important to introduce the power plant operation and maintenance personnel to the level of skills required and provide the first background experience with hands-on training. The project will provide a means to exercise the complete supply chain events required in order to practice and perfect the process for A-USC power plant design, supply, manufacture, construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance. Representative participants will then be able to transfer knowledge and recommendations to the industry. ComTest is conceived in the manner of using a separate standalone plant facility that will not jeopardize the host facility or suffer from conflicting requirements in the host plant's mission that could sacrifice the nickel alloy components and not achieve the testing goals. ComTest will utilize smaller quantities of the expensive materials and reduce the risk in the first operational practice for A-USC technology in the United States. Components at suitable scale in ComTest provide more assurance before putting them into practice in the full size A-USC demonstration plant.
Electrochemical studies of the molten system K2NbF7-Na2O-Nb-(LiF-NaF-KF)(eut) at 700 degrees C
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rosenkilde, C.; Vik, A.; Østvold, T.;
Various voltammetric methods have been used to study FLINAK (LiF-NaF-KF eutectic melt 46.5-11.5-42 mol %) melts containing about 1 mol % niobium-fluoro and -oxofluoro complexes with Nh in oxidation states (V) and (IV) at 700 degrees C and varying amounts of Na2O in the range 0
Simulation for F.C.C. deformation texture by modified pencil glide theory[Face Centered Cubic
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Masui, H.
Inspired by the pencil glide theory for b.c.c. metal, modified pencil glide theory for f.c.c. metal was proposed, dividing the 12 glide systems of f.c.c. metal into three groups individually composed of eight {l{underscore}brace}111{r{underscore}brace}{l{underscore}angle}110{r{underscore}angle} glide systems around the principal axes X[100], Y[010] and Z[001]. These assumptions yielded two mathematical solutions {Omega}(3) and {Omega}(1). In {Omega}(3), from the three groups with four complete conjugated glide systems composed of, respectively, two glide systems of common {l{underscore}angle}110{r{underscore}angle} direction, only one group with the maximum plastic work may operate if the requirements are satisfied, otherwise glide systems in {Omega}(1) where one of the four conjugated glide systems is zero are activated. The model considering the 12 glide systems of f.c.c. as a whole explained many experimentally stable orientations in axisymmetric and rolling deformation. The differences between the two pencil glide theories for b.c.c. and f.c.c. are also discussed with data.
Morphology Change of C60 Islands on Organic Crystals Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy.
Freund, Sara; Hinaut, Antoine; Pawlak, Rémy; Liu, Shi-Xia; Decurtins, Silvio; Meyer, Ernst; Glatzel, Thilo
Organic-organic heterojunctions are nowadays highly regarded materials for light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and photovoltaic cells with the prospect of designing low-cost, flexible, and efficient electronic devices.1-3 However, the key parameter of optimized heterojunctions relies on the choice of the molecular compounds as well as on the morphology of the organic-organic interface,4 which thus requires fundamental studies. In this work, we investigated the deposition of C60 molecules at room temperature on an organic layer compound, the salt bis(benzylammonium)bis(oxalato)cupurate(II), by means of noncontact atomic force microscopy. Three-dimensional molecular islands of C60 having either triangular or hexagonal shapes are formed on the substrate following a "Volmer-Weber" type of growth. We demonstrate the dynamical reshaping of those C60 nanostructures under the local action of the AFM tip at room temperature. The dissipated energy is about 75 meV and can be interpreted as the activation energy required for this migration process.
77 FR 10358 - Acceptance of ASTM F963-11 as a Mandatory Consumer Product Safety Standard
... From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION 16 CFR Chapter II Acceptance of ASTM F963-11 as a Mandatory Consumer Product Safety Standard AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission. ACTION: Acceptance of standard. SUMMARY: The Consumer...
规范使用海岛概念研究%On the Standard Use of the Concept of an Island
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
目前,我国使用海岛概念还很不规范,存在着各表一是的现象。海岛及其概念对于一个国家的政治、经济、生态环境和国防安全等具有极为重要的意义。法定海岛概念有着权威性、与国际接轨和内涵清晰、严谨、规范的优越性。规范使用海岛概念有利于保护我国海洋权益。%The usage of island concepts in our country is far from standard at present. The same concept being expressed differently in different occasions is just one case in point. An island and its concept is extremely significant to a nation's politics, economy, eco-environment and national defense security. The legal concept of an island should be authoritative, gearing to the international standard with the conceptual advantages in clarity, accuracy and standard. It is beneficial to protect our maritime rights by using the concept of an island in a standard way.
Contextualizing Next Generation Science Standards to Guide Climate Education in the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI)
Sussman, A.; Fletcher, C. H.; Sachs, J. P.
The USAPI has a population of about 1,800,000 people spread across 4.9 million square miles of the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Islands are characterized by a multitude of indigenous cultures and languages. Many USAPI students live considerably below the poverty line. The Pacific Island region is projected to experience some of the most profound negative impacts of climate change considerably sooner than other regions. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Pacific Islands Climate Education Partnership (PCEP) has developed a detailed strategic plan to collaboratively improve climate knowledge among the region's students and citizens in ways that exemplify modern science and indigenous environmental knowledge, address the urgency of climate change impacts, and honor indigenous cultures. Students and citizens within the region will have the knowledge and skills to advance understanding of climate change, and to adapt to its impacts. Core PCEP partners contribute expertise in climate science, the science of learning, the region's education infrastructure, and the region's cultures and indigenous knowledge and practices. PCEP's strategic education plan is guided by a general, multidisciplinary K-14 Climate Education Framework (CEF) that organizes fundamental science concepts and practices within appropriate grade-span progressions. This CEF is based largely upon the National Research Council's "A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas" and the emerging Next Generation Science Standards. While the CEF is based upon these national Next Generation documents, it is also informed and strongly influenced by the region's geographic, climatic, cultural and socioeconomic contexts, notably indigenous knowledge and practices. Guided by the CEF, the PCEP in its initial development/planning phase has prototyped regional approaches to professional development, contextualizing curricula, and supporting community
14C AMS dates on Rattus exulans bones from natural and archaeological contexts on Norfolk Island, south-west Pacific
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) was transported throughout the western Pacific by migrant peoples in prehistory. Meredith et al (1985) reported a minimum date for the presence of Rattus exulans on Norfolk Island using dates on charcoal from an apparently enclosing layer (the upper part of their Unit C4) in Cemetery Bay. 8 refs., 3 tabs
基于C8051F040的CAN通信软件设计%Design of CAN Communication Software Base on C8051F040
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
冯晓岗; 杨雪芹; 曹洲
Detection of the urban heat island in Mexicali, B. C., México and its relationship with land use
O.R. García-Cueto; E. Jáuregui-Ostos; D. Toudert; A. Tejeda Martinez
In this paper the urban heat islands (UHI), both atmospheric and surface, and their relationship with the land use in the city of Mexicali, Baja California, México, were examined by means of direct in situ measurements of air temperature, and the use of NOAA´s AVHRR and Ladsat thermal satellite images. The results show the development of a nocturnal urban heat island, whose highest mean value was recorded in autumn (4.5 °C), however during the day-time, in any season of the year, this situati...
A Fault Diagnosis Approach for Gas Turbine Exhaust Gas Temperature Based on Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Support Vector Machine
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhi-tao Wang
Full Text Available As an important gas path performance parameter of gas turbine, exhaust gas temperature (EGT can represent the thermal health condition of gas turbine. In order to monitor and diagnose the EGT effectively, a fusion approach based on fuzzy C-means (FCM clustering algorithm and support vector machine (SVM classification model is proposed in this paper. Considering the distribution characteristics of gas turbine EGT, FCM clustering algorithm is used to realize clustering analysis and obtain the state pattern, on the basis of which the preclassification of EGT is completed. Then, SVM multiclassification model is designed to carry out the state pattern recognition and fault diagnosis. As an example, the historical monitoring data of EGT from an industrial gas turbine is analyzed and used to verify the performance of the fusion fault diagnosis approach presented in this paper. The results show that this approach can make full use of the unsupervised feature extraction ability of FCM clustering algorithm and the sample classification generalization properties of SVM multiclassification model, which offers an effective way to realize the online condition recognition and fault diagnosis of gas turbine EGT.
On Univalence of the Power Deformation z(f(z)/z)c
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Yong Chan KIM; Toshiyuki SUGAWA
The authors mainly concern the set Uf of c ∈( C) such that the power deformationz(f(z/z))c is univalent in the unit disk |z| < 1 for a given analytic univalent function f(z) =z + a2z2 +...in the unit disk.It is shown that Uf is a compact,polynomially convex subset of the complex plane (C) unless f is the identity function.In particular,the interior of Uf is simply connected.This fact enables us to apply various versions of the λ-lemma for the holomorphic family z(f(z)/z)c of injections parametrized over the interior of Uf.The necessary or sufficient conditions for Uf to contain 0 or 1 as an interior point are also given.
RAMS/LCC Anforderungen im IRIS Standard - Herausforderung für Unternehmen aus der Schienenfahrzeugindustrie
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fatih ÖZTÜRK
Full Text Available Um eine Teilhabe am internationalen Markt zu garantieren bzw. zu ermöglichen ist auch für Unternehmen aus dem Schienensektor ein funktionierendes Qualitätsmanagementsystem von Nöten. Zuspruch fand hierfür vor allem der Branchenstandard IRIS, welches im Jahre 2006 erstmals in Anwendung kam und mittlerweile auch 13 Unternehmen aus der Türkei ein Zertifikat besitzen. Der Trend ist steigend. In vielerlei Hinsicht scheint dieser Standard den Wünschen der Unternehmungen gerecht zu werden, doch auch Unmutstöne sind von einigen zuhören, die besonders auf die geringen Kenntnisse und Erfahrung der einzelnen Klienten zurückzuführen sind. Anzuführen ist auch die Tatsache, dass IRIS ein erst recht neuer Standard ist und deshalb auch je nach Schwierigkeiten und Wünschen des Klientels nach oben hin Aufbaufähig ist. Schwierigkeiten seitens der Befragten Unternehmen sind vor allem im Bereich des RAMS/LCC Management zu hören, die einige Firmen überfordern. In dieser Arbeit wird auch genauer auf dieses eingegangen und genauer aus der Sicht der Unternehmen betrachtet.
Equilibrium Structures and Isomerization Reactions of the Unsaturated Germylenoid H2C=GeLiF
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LI Wen-Zuo; CHENG Jian-Bo; GONG Bao-An; XIAO Cui-Ping
The unsaturated germylenoid H2C=GeLiF has been studied by using DFT method at the B3LYP/6-311+G (d, p) level. Geometry optimization calculations indicate that H2C=GeLiF has three equilibrium configurations, in which the p-complex is the lowest in energy and the most stable structure. Two transition states for isomerization reactions of H2C=GeLiF are located and the energy barriers are calculated. For the most stable one, vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities have been predicted.
Status and Inspiration of Development of Standard and of Wind Turbine Generator of Countries in the World%各国风力发电机组标准及认证发展现状和启示
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陶建光; 秦志伟
对风电机组的国际标准以及国内相关标准化工作进行回顾,研究对比了德国、丹麦、美国和印度的风电认证体系,明确了认证对于风电设备制造企业及整个风电产业的重要意义,提出中国风电机组标准和认证体系发展建议。%The paper was reviewed international standard and domestic related standardization work of wind turbine generator, and researched certification systems of wind turbines in Germany, Denmark, the United States and India. Then, the paper was determined significance of certification systems to enterprises of wind turbine equipment manufacture and entire wind turbine industry. Finally, the paper was put forward suggestions for development of Chinese wind turbine generator standard and cer-tification system.
Comparison of quartz standards for X-ray diffraction analysis: HSE A9950 (Sikron F600) and NIST SRM 1878.
Chisholm, Jim
A further comparison of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) standard quartz, A9950 (Sikron F600), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1878, standard respirable alpha-quartz, has been carried out for the four principal diffraction peaks. In the earlier comparison by Jeyaratnam and Nagar (1993, Ann Occup Hyg; 37: 167-79), the standards were both treated in ways which might change the particle size distribution and therefore the proportion of crystalline quartz. The two standards have now been compared in the most direct way possible with the minimum of sample treatment. There are no significant differences in the diffraction peak positions for the two standards. Nor do the peak area intensities differ significantly. The peak height intensities are consistently and significantly higher for Sikron F600 than for NIST SRM 1878. The particle size broadening of the diffraction peaks is evidently greater for NIST 1878, whose mass median diameter is quoted as 1.6 microm against 2.6 microm for Sikron F600. Taking the certified reference value for SRM 1878 as 95.5 +/- 1.1% crystalline quartz, the HSE standard A9950 (Sikron F600) contains 96.3 +/- 1.4% crystalline quartz based on a comparison of peak area intensities. On the same basis but using peak height intensities, the nominal crystalline quartz content of A9950 (Sikron F600) is 101.2 +/- 1.8%. Results obtained by comparison of quartz standards may not be generally applicable because of the effect of sample treatment on particle size and crystalline quartz content.
Microstructure Characterization of SiC{sub f}/SiC Composites by X-ray Computed Microtomography
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kim, Weon Ju; Kim, Dae Jong; Jung, Choong Hwan; Park, Ji Yeon [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)
There have also been efforts on applying the SiC{sub f}/SiC composites to fuel claddings of various types of reactors such as liquid salt-cooled advanced high temperature reactor (LSAHTR), gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR), sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), and light water reactor (LWR). In general, the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) technique has been used most widely to produce SiC{sub f}/SiC composites. Although the technique produces a highly pure SiC matrix and thus an irradiation tolerant composite, it results in a complex distribution of porosity. The porosity consists of the interfiber micro porosity and interbundle/interply macro porosities. The complex geometry of porosity and fiber architecture also induces a highly anisotropic behavior of composite properties. The inhomogeneity of fiber reinforced composites renders the conventional, destructive metallographic techniques difficult to obtain representative microstructural features throughout the specimen volume. In this study, we applied X-ray computed microtomography (X-ray μCT) to nondestructively analyze the microstructure of SiC{sub f}/SiC composites. The pore structure and porosity distribution were analyzed for disk shape and triplex tubular SiC{sub f}/SiC composite specimens.
Comparison of API & IEC Standards for Offshore Wind Turbine Applications in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean: Phase II; March 9, 2009 - September 9, 2009
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Jha, A.; Dolan, D.; Gur, T.; Soyoz, S.; Alpdogan, C.
This report compares two design guidelines for offshore wind turbines: Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platform Structures and the International Electrotechnical Commission 61400-3 Design Requirements for Offshore Wind Turbines.
CAN Bus Communication Based on C8051F040%基于C8051F040的CAN总线通信
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李如石; 张津津; 任富争
In the communications system of railroad train, because of rapid transmission and high reliability, CAN bus obtains the widespread application. Firstly, this article briefly describes the origin and characteristic of CAN bus. Secondly an introduction of C8051F040 microcontroller unit and CAN controlled. 0 is narrated. Finally, it takes the FFR and C8051F040 as an example of communication. The communication program completes initialization, receiving and sending.%在铁路列车通信系统中,CAN总线通信以其传输速率快,可靠性高而得到广泛应用.本文首先简单介绍CAN总线的起源及特点,其次简要介绍C8051F040单片机及其内部芯片CAN2.0控制器,最后以柴油机控制单元FFR与C8051F040间的数据通信为例,编写CAN总线初始化程序、数据接收程序和数据发送程序.
Atmospheric chemistry of C2F5CHO: reaction with Cl atoms and OH radicals, IR spectrum of C2F5C(O)O2NO2
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Andersen, Mads Peter Sulbæk; Hurley, MD; Wallington, TJ;
Smog chamber/FTIR techniques were used to measure k(Cl + C2F5CHO) = (1. 96 +/- 0.28) X 10(-12) and k(OH + C2F5CHO) = (5.26 +/- 0.80) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) in 700 Torr of N-2 or air at 296 +/- 2 K. The C1 initiated oxidation Of C2F5CHO in the presence of NO in air diluent gave COF2, CF3......ONO2, and C2F5C(O)O2NO2 in molar yields of 180 +/- 19 6.1 +/- 0.6 and 1.0 +/- 0.3 respectively. The IR spectrum for C2F5C(O)O2NO2 is reported. Results are discussed with respect to the potential for the atmospheric degradation of fluorinated aldehydes, CnF2n+1CHO, to contribute to the observed...... environmental burden of fluorinated carboxylic acids, CnF2n+1C(O)OH. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved....
Development of standardized air-blown coal gasifier/gas turbine concepts for future electric power systems, Volume 4
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
This appendix is a compilation of work done to predict overall cycle performance from gasifier to generator terminals. A spreadsheet has been generated for each case to show flows within a cycle. The spreadsheet shows gaseous or solid composition of flow, temperature of flow, quantity of flow, and heat heat content of flow. Prediction of steam and gas turbine performance was obtained by the computer program GTPro. Outputs of all runs for each combined cycle reviewed has been added to this appendix. A process schematic displaying all flows predicted through GTPro and the spreadsheet is also added to this appendix. The numbered bubbles on the schematic correspond to columns on the top headings of the spreadsheet.
Evaluation results of the 700 deg C Chinese strain gauges. [for gas turbine engine
Hobart, H. F.
Gauges fabricated from specially developed Fe-Cr-Al-V-Ti-Y alloy wire in the Republic of China were evaluated for use in static strain measurement of hot gas turbine engines. Gauge factor variation with temperature, apparent strain, and drift were included. Results of gauge factor versus temperature tests show gauge factor decreasing with increasing temperature. The average slope is -3-1/2 percent/100 K, with an uncertainty band of + or - 8 percent. Values of room temperature gauge factor for the Chinese and Kanthal A-1 gauges averaged 2.73 and 2.12, respectively. The room temperature gauge factor of the Chinese gauges was specified to be 2.62. The apparent strain data for both the Chinese alloy and Kanthal A-1 showed large cycle to cycle nonrepeatability. All apparent strain curves had a similar S-shape, first going negative and then rising to positive value with increasing temperatures. The mean curve for the Chinese gauges between room temperature and 100 K had a total apparent strain of 1500 microstrain. The equivalent value for Kanthal A-1 was about 9000 microstrain. Drift tests at 950 K for 50 hr show an average drift rate of about -9 microstrain/hr. Short-term (1 hr) rates are higher, averaging about -40 microstrain for the first hour. In the temperature range 700 to 870 K, however, short-term drift rates can be as high as 1700 microstrain for the first hour. Therefore, static strain measurements in this temperature range should be avoided.
46 CFR 154.625 - Design temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) and down to −165 °C (−265 °F).
... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Design temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) and down to â165... LIQUEFIED GASES Design, Construction and Equipment Materials § 154.625 Design temperature below 0 °C (32 °F... process piping for a design temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) and down to −165 °C (−265 °F) must meet §...
46 CFR 308.520 - Standard optional endorsement No. 3, Form MA-300-C.
... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standard optional endorsement No. 3, Form MA-300-C. 308.520 Section 308.520 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY... Standard optional endorsement No. 3, Form MA-300-C. Standard Optional Endorsement No. 3, which may...
Future needs and requirements for AMS C-14 standards and reference materials
Scott, EM; Boaretto, E; Bryant, C; Cook, GT; Gulliksen, S; Harkness, DD; Heinemeier, J; McGee, E; Naysmith, P; Possnert, G; van der Plicht, H; van Strydonck, M; Cook, Gordon T.
C-14 measurement uses a number of standards and reference materials with different properties. Historically the absolute calibration of C-14 measurement was tied to 1890 wood, through the 'primary' standard of NBS-OxI (produced by the National Bureau of Standards, now NIST - National Institute of St
EBV Nuclear Antigen 3C Mediates Regulation of E2F6 to Inhibit E2F1 Transcription and Promote Cell Proliferation.
Pei, Yonggang; Banerjee, Shuvomoy; Sun, Zhiguo; Jha, Hem Chandra; Saha, Abhik; Robertson, Erle S
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is considered a ubiquitous herpesvirus with the ability to cause latent infection in humans worldwide. EBV-association is evidently linked to different types of human malignancies, mainly of epithelial and lymphoid origin. Of interest is the EBV nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) which is critical for EBV-mediated immortalization. Recently, EBNA3C was shown to bind the E2F1 transcription regulator. The E2F transcription factors have crucial roles in various cellular functions, including cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair, cell mitosis, and cell fate. Specifically, E2F6, one of the unique E2F family members, is known to be a pRb-independent transcription repressor of E2F-target genes. In our current study, we explore the role of EBNA3C in regulating E2F6 activities. We observed that EBNA3C plays an important role in inducing E2F6 expression in LCLs. Our study also shows that EBNA3C physically interacts with E2F6 at its amino and carboxy terminal domains and they form a protein complex in human cells. In addition, EBNA3C stabilizes the E2F6 protein and is co-localized in the nucleus. We also demonstrated that both EBNA3C and E2F6 contribute to reduction in E2F1 transcriptional activity. Moreover, E2F1 forms a protein complex with EBNA3C and E2F6, and EBNA3C competes with E2F1 for E2F6 binding. E2F6 is also recruited by EBNA3C to the E2F1 promoter, which is critical for EBNA3C-mediated cell proliferation. These results demonstrate a critical role for E2F family members in EBV-induced malignancies, and provide new insights for targeting E2F transcription factors in EBV-associated cancers as potential therapeutic intervention strategies.
EBV Nuclear Antigen 3C Mediates Regulation of E2F6 to Inhibit E2F1 Transcription and Promote Cell Proliferation.
Pei, Yonggang; Banerjee, Shuvomoy; Sun, Zhiguo; Jha, Hem Chandra; Saha, Abhik; Robertson, Erle S
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is considered a ubiquitous herpesvirus with the ability to cause latent infection in humans worldwide. EBV-association is evidently linked to different types of human malignancies, mainly of epithelial and lymphoid origin. Of interest is the EBV nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) which is critical for EBV-mediated immortalization. Recently, EBNA3C was shown to bind the E2F1 transcription regulator. The E2F transcription factors have crucial roles in various cellular functions, including cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair, cell mitosis, and cell fate. Specifically, E2F6, one of the unique E2F family members, is known to be a pRb-independent transcription repressor of E2F-target genes. In our current study, we explore the role of EBNA3C in regulating E2F6 activities. We observed that EBNA3C plays an important role in inducing E2F6 expression in LCLs. Our study also shows that EBNA3C physically interacts with E2F6 at its amino and carboxy terminal domains and they form a protein complex in human cells. In addition, EBNA3C stabilizes the E2F6 protein and is co-localized in the nucleus. We also demonstrated that both EBNA3C and E2F6 contribute to reduction in E2F1 transcriptional activity. Moreover, E2F1 forms a protein complex with EBNA3C and E2F6, and EBNA3C competes with E2F1 for E2F6 binding. E2F6 is also recruited by EBNA3C to the E2F1 promoter, which is critical for EBNA3C-mediated cell proliferation. These results demonstrate a critical role for E2F family members in EBV-induced malignancies, and provide new insights for targeting E2F transcription factors in EBV-associated cancers as potential therapeutic intervention strategies. PMID:27548379
C-CAP Territory of American Samoa (Swains Island) 2004-2010 Land Cover Change Analysis
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set contains the 2004 and 2010 classifications of Territory of American Samoa (Swains Island) and can be used to analyze change. This data set which...
The unexpectedly bright comet C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) unveiled at near-infrared wavelengths
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Paganini, Lucas; DiSanti, Michael A.; Mumma, Michael J.; Villanueva, Geronimo L.; Bonev, Boncho P. [Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA GSFC, MS 690, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Keane, Jacqueline V.; Meech, Karen J. [Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States); Gibb, Erika L. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121 (United States); Boehnhardt, Hermann, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, D-37191, Katlenburg-Lindau (Germany)
We acquired near-infrared spectra of the Oort cloud comet C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) at three different heliocentric distances (R {sub h}) during the comet's 2013 perihelion passage, providing a comprehensive measure of the outgassing behavior of parent volatiles and cosmogonic indicators. Our observations were performed pre-perihelion at R {sub h} = 1.2 AU with CRIRES (on 2013 February 2 and 4), and post-perihelion at R {sub h} = 0.75 AU with CSHELL (on March 31 and April 1) and R {sub h} = 1.74 AU with NIRSPEC (on June 20). We detected 10 volatile species (H{sub 2}O, OH* prompt emission, C{sub 2}H{sub 6}, CH{sub 3}OH, H{sub 2}CO, HCN, CO, CH{sub 4}, NH{sub 3}, and NH{sub 2}), and obtained upper limits for two others (C{sub 2}H{sub 2} and HDO). One-dimensional spatial profiles displayed different distributions for some volatiles, confirming either the existence of polar and apolar ices, or of chemically distinct active vents in the nucleus. The ortho-para ratio for water was 3.31 ± 0.33 (weighted mean of CRIRES and NIRSPEC results), implying a spin temperature >37 K at the 95% confidence limit. Our (3σ) upper limit for HDO corresponds to D/H < 2.45 × 10{sup –3} (i.e., <16 Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water, VSMOW). At R {sub h} = 1.2 AU (CRIRES), the production rate for water was Q(H{sub 2}O) = 1.9 ± 0.1 × 10{sup 29} s{sup –1} and its rotational temperature was T {sub rot} ∼ 69 K. At R {sub h} = 0.75 AU (CSHELL), we measured Q(H{sub 2}O) = 4.6 ± 0.6 × 10{sup 29} s{sup –1} and T {sub rot} = 80 K on March 31, and 6.6 ± 0.9 × 10{sup 29} s{sup –1} and T {sub rot} = 100 K on April 1. At R {sub h} = 1.74 AU (NIRSPEC), we obtained Q(H{sub 2}O) = 1.1 ± 0.1 × 10{sup 29} s{sup –1} and T {sub rot} ∼ 50 K. The measured volatile abundance ratios classify comet C/2012 F6 as rather depleted in C{sub 2}H{sub 6} and CH{sub 3}OH, while HCN, CH{sub 4}, and CO displayed abundances close to their median values found among comets. H{sub 2}CO was the only volatile
Design and implementation of photon correlator based on C8051F
Shen, Jin; Li, Yuming; Liu, Wei; Yang, Yan; Cheng, Yanting
Correlation techniques are widely used to extract spectral information from light scattering and other stochastic processes. Within the photon correlation system, the correlating operation must work at a high speed. In this paper, a photon correlator based on microcontroller C8051F was developed. In the photon correlator, the work of counting and scratch is completed by the two 4-bits binary adder 74F161, which is connected to form an 8-bits adder., and the correlation operation of every channel is carried out by the software of C8051F. By probably choosing high speed devices counting of 10ns in width pulses can be counted. The correlation operations including multiplying and addition operation of 56 channels with the circulation program within 3μs were made in interrupt service routine of the C8051F. The work in this paper can be applied in the ultra-fine particle sizing with photon correlation spectroscopy.
Optical Potential Parameters of Weakly Bound Nuclear System 17F+13C
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
AN Guang-Peng; JIA Hui-Ming; XU Xin-Xing; BAI Chun-Lin; YU Ning; LIN Cheng-Jian; ZHANG Huan-Qiao; LIU Zu-Hua; YANG Feng; ZHANG Gao-Long; ZHANG Chun-Lei; WU Zhen-Dong; JIA Fei
@@ Elastic scattering angular distributions of the 14N+16O system and the angular distributions of transfer reaction 16O(14N, 13C)17F at ELab=76.2 Me V and 5 7 Me V have been measured and calculated by means of the exact finite-range distorted-wave Born approximation with the PTOLEMY code.The optical potential parameters for the weakly bound nuclear system 17F +13C have been deduced and applied to analyse the elastic scattering angular distributions of the similar systems 17F+12C and 17F+14N which are taken from literature.The result shows that the transfer reaction with stable projectile and target combination can be used as an alternative method to extract the optical potential parameters for the weakly bound nuclear system.
Plasma deposition of fluorocarbon thin films from c-C4F8 using pulsed and continuous rf excitation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fluorocarbon films of varying composition have been deposited from pulsed and continuous plasmas of octafluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8) and c-C4F8/Ar. Continuous plasma deposition rates are a very weak function of applied rf power (may be within experimental error). Pulsed plasma deposition rates are significantly lower than continuous plasma rates at the same average power. The pulsed plasma deposition rates can be attributed almost entirely to the plasma on time during the pulse, but there is a slight dependence on pulse off time. Ar addition affects the deposition rates through a residence time effect, but also affects the deposition chemistry by reducing the degree of C4F8 dissociation, resulting in more fluorinated films. Refractive indices for all films increase approximately linearly with applied rf power, with the pulsed plasma-deposited films falling on the same curve. Carbon 1s x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the continuous plasma-deposited films become increasingly fluorinated as the rf power is decreased. Pulsed plasma films are more fluorinated than similar average power continuous plasma films: 44% CF2 for 10/50 (400 W on time, 67 W average power) versus 37% for 50 W continuous. Literature and preliminary gas-phase measurements suggest that the C4F8 is not fully dissociated in either plasma system and that larger species in the gas phase may play a significant role in the deposition mechanisms
Both core and F proteins of hepatitis C virus could enhance cell proliferation in transgenic mice
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hu, Wen-Ta [Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (China); Li, Hui-Chun [Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (China); Lee, Shen-Kao; Ma, Hsin-Chieh; Yang, Chee-Hing; Chen, Hung-Ling [Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (China); Lo, Shih-Yen, E-mail: email@example.com [Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (China); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan (China)
Highlights: •HCV core and F proteins could induce hepatocyte proliferation in the transgenic mice. •β-Catenin signaling pathway was activated by core protein in the transgenic mice. •β-Catenin signaling pathway was activated by myc-F protein in the transgenic mice. •Expression of SMA protein was enhanced by core but not myc-F protein. -- Abstract: The role of the protein encoded by the alternative open reading frame (ARF/F/core+1) of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome in viral pathogenesis remains unknown. The different forms of ARF/F/core+1 protein were labile in cultured cells, a myc-tag fused at the N-terminus of the F protein made it more stable. To determine the role of core and F proteins in HCV pathogenesis, transgenic mice with either protein expression under the control of Albumin promoter were generated. Expression of core protein and F protein with myc tag (myc-F) could be detected by Western blotting analysis in the livers of these mice. The ratio of liver to body weight is increased for both core and myc-F transgenic mice compared to that of wild type mice. Indeed, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein, a proliferation marker, was up-regulated in the transgenic mice with core or myc-F protein. Further analyses by microarray and Western blotting suggested that β-catenin signaling pathway was activated by either core or myc-F protein in the transgenic mice. These transgenic mice were further treated with either Diethynitrosamine (a tumor initiator) or Phenobarbital (a tumor promoter). Phenobarbital but not Diethynitrosamine treatment could increase the liver/body weight ratio of these mice. However, no tumor formation was observed in these mice. In conclusion, HCV core and myc-F proteins could induce hepatocyte proliferation in the transgenic mice possibly through β-catenin signaling pathway.
File list: Oth.ALL.50.C34F6PERIOD9.AllCell [Chip-atlas[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
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File list: Oth.ALL.10.C34F6PERIOD9.AllCell [Chip-atlas[Archive
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File list: Oth.ALL.05.C34F6PERIOD9.AllCell [Chip-atlas[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
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File list: Oth.ALL.20.C34F6PERIOD9.AllCell [Chip-atlas[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
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Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of the Novel Dithiadiazolyl Radical, p-NCC6F4C6F4CNSSN
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jeremy M. Rawson
Full Text Available The dithiadiazolyl radical p-NCC6F4C6F4CNSSN• (4 retains its monomericnature in the solid state with molecules linked together into chains via supramolecularCN···S interactions. Variable temperature magnetic studies on 4 show that it behaves as anear-ideal Curie paramagnet (|θ| less than 0.1 K, indicating negligible intermolecularexchange. The effective magnetic moment (1.78 μB is temperature independent and inexcellent agreement with the value expected for an S = 1â"2 paramagnet with g = 2.01(1.74μB. The lack of exchange coupling between radicals is attributed to the absence ofsignificant orbital overlap between radical centres.
Compatibility of SiC{sub f}/SiC composite exposed to liquid Pb-Li flow
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Park, C., E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 (Japan); Noborio, K. [Institute of Sustainability Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 (Japan); Kasada, R.; Yamamoto, Y.; Konishi, S. [Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 (Japan)
SiC{sub f}/SiC composites are candidate structural and functional materials for fusion blankets, attractive for their potential application for higher temperature liquid metal blankets compared to the range possible for metallic materials. However, the experimental data on the long term compatibility of SiC{sub f}/SiC composites with high temperature liquid metal is inadequate. To acquire parametric data on the compatibility of NITE SiC{sub f}/SiC composites with a high temperature liquid metal stream, the corrosion behavior was examined in liquid Pb-Li using a rotating disk apparatus. The materials used in this study were exposed to relative flow velocity of {approx}10-37 cm/s at 900 deg. C for 1000 h. Oxidation layers were detected on the matrix and fiber near the surface exposed to liquid Pb-Li at 900 deg. C for 1000 h. Additional results for shorter exposure times and relationship to flow velocity are discussed.
Corrosion behaviour of Ti3SiC2 with LiF-NaF-KF molten salt
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Background: Recently, the molten salt reactor (MSR), a generation IV fission reactor candidate, has drawn much attention because of its intrinsic safety. However, the harsh service environment of the MSR, especially the corrosion environment, raises many challenges in terms of applying structural materials, such as intergranular cracking and embrittlement. MAX phases materials are promising structural materials that can be used in MSRs. However, the corrosion behaviour of these materials in molten LiF-NaF-KF (FLiNaK) is yet to be evaluated. Purpose: The present work is a preliminary investigation of the corrosion behaviour of MAX phase materials in molten fluoride salts and aims to understand the corrosion mechanism of MAX phases to enable their application in next generation MSR. Methods: We choose two common MAX phases: Ti3SiC2 and Ti3AlC2 as experiment subject. The corrosion tests were performed at 850℃ for 144 h in airtight graphite crucibles under an argon cover gas. Results and Conclusion: The corrosion of these two MAX phases in molten FLiNaK salt mainly showed as the corrosion of element A and then left us mostly cubic TiCx. The difference was that Ti3AlC2 lost Al entirely, however, the loss of Si in Ti3SiC2 occurred only 150 μm depth below the surface. The weight loss data showed that Ti3SiC2 had a much better corrosion resistance than Ti3AlC2. (authors)
Synthesis of n.c.a. 18F-fluorinated NMDA- and D4-receptor ligands via [18F]fluorobenzenes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this thesis new strategies were developed and evaluated for the no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 18F-labelling of receptor ligands as radiodiagnostics for characterization of brain receptors using positron-emission-tomography (PET). Special emphasis was placed on the synthesis of n.c.a. (±)-3-(4-hydroxy-4-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)-piperidin-l-yl)chroman-4,7-diol, a ligand with high affinity for the NR2B subtype of NMDA receptors and n.c.a. (3-(4-[18F]fluorphenoxy)propyl)-(2-(4-tolylphenoxy)ethyl)amine ([18F]FPTEA) a dopamine D4 receptor ligand. In order to synthesize n.c.a. (±)-3-(4-hydroxy-4-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)-piperidin-l-yl)chroman-4,7-diol the 18F-fluoroarylation method via metallorganic intermediates was modified and improved. The suitability of the organometallic 18F-fluoroarylation agents was proven with several model compounds. High radiochemical yields of 20-30% were obtained also with piperidinone-derivatives. The preparation of a suitable precursor for the synthesis of the NMDA receptor ligand, however, could not be achieved by synthesis of appropriate 1,3-dioxolane protected piperidinone derivatives. Further, the synthesis of n.c.a. ([18F]fluoroaryloxy)alkylamines via n.c.a. 4-[18F]fluorophenol was developed and evaluated. The synthesis of n.c.a. [18F]fluoroarylethers with corresponding model compounds was optimized and led to a radiochemical yield of 25-60%, depending on the alkylhalide used. The preparation of n.c.a. 1-(3-bromopropoxy)-4-[18F]fluorobenzene proved advantageous in comparison to direct use of 4-[18]fluorophenol for coupling with a corresponding N-protected precursor for the synthesis of n.c.a. [18F]FPTEA. With regard to the radiochemical yields and the loss of activity during the synthesis and isolation of n.c.a. 4-[18F]fluorophenol and n.c.a. 1-(3-bromopropoxy)-4-[18F]fluorobenzene, [18F]FPTEA was obtained by reaction with 2-(4-tolyloxy)ethylamine in radiochemical yields of about 25-30% in ethanol or 2-butanone as solvent with a synthesis
Bluetooth Low Energy som trådlös standard för hemautomation
Englund, Albin; Suther, Magnus
Allmänheten har en stor efterfrågan av produkter inom området för hemautomation. Den senaste bluetoothstandarden Bluetooth Low Energy skapar nya möjligheter för intressanta produkter som underlättar vardagen. Lösningar som IR och Wi-Fi ger inte de förutsättningar som krävs för att på ett energisnålt och praktiskt sätt erbjuda sådana produkter, något som Bluetooth Low Energy gör. I denna rapport diskuteras standarden i syfte att redogöra för hur den kan användas för att automatisera ett hem. F...
基于C8051f040的CAN与SMBus协议适配器%Adapter Based on the CAN and MSBus of C8051F1040 SOC
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
刘兴辉; 胡深明; 王璐
APC/C and SCFcyclin F Constitute a Reciprocal Feedback Circuit Controlling S-Phase Entry
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rajarshi Choudhury
Full Text Available The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C is an ubiquitin ligase and core component of the cell-cycle oscillator. During G1 phase, APC/C binds to its substrate receptor Cdh1 and APC/CCdh1 plays an important role in restricting S-phase entry and maintaining genome integrity. We describe a reciprocal feedback circuit between APC/C and a second ubiquitin ligase, the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box. We show that cyclin F, a cell-cycle-regulated substrate receptor (F-box protein for the SCF, is targeted for degradation by APC/C. Furthermore, we establish that Cdh1 is itself a substrate of SCFcyclin F. Cyclin F loss impairs Cdh1 degradation and delays S-phase entry, and this delay is reversed by simultaneous removal of Cdh1. These data indicate that the coordinated, temporal ordering of cyclin F and Cdh1 degradation, organized in a double-negative feedback loop, represents a fundamental aspect of cell-cycle control. This mutual antagonism could be a feature of other oscillating systems.
Synthesis of the C'D'E'F' domain of maitotoxin.
Nicolaou, K C; Seo, Jae Hong; Nakamura, Tsuyoshi; Aversa, Robert J
A devised biomimetic strategy toward the C'D'E'F' domain (6) of maitotoxin (1) led to hydroxy triepoxide 8 as a postulated polyepoxide precursor. However, all attempts to induce the desired cascade to form the targeted compound through a zip-type reaction under neutral or acidic conditions failed, prompting adoption of a linear stepwise approach to 6. The successful synthetic strategy for the synthesis of the C'D'E'F' domain of maitotoxin commenced from furfuryl alcohol (11), proceeded through F' ring building block 15, and involved two regio- and stereoselective intramolecular hydroxy epoxide openings and a stereoselective SmI(2)-mediated ring closure to forge rings C', E', and D', respectively. (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of the synthesized domain (6) and comparisons with previous results confirmed the original structural assignment of this region of maitotoxin. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 6 provided unambiguous proof of its structure.
NODC Standard Format Marine Mammals of Coastal Alaska Data (1975-1976): Marine Mammal Sighting 2 (F026) (NODC Accession 0014151)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — NODC maintains data in three NODC Standard Format Marine Mammal Data Sets: Marine Mammal Sighting and Census (F127); Marine Mammal Specimens (F025); Marine Mammal...
The kinetics and product state distributions from gas-phase reactions of small atomic and molecular cations with C2H4, C2H3F, 1,1-C2H2F2, C2HF3 and C2F4.
Parkes, Michael A; Simpson, Matthew J; Mikhailov, Victor; Tuckett, Richard P
The reactions of twenty one gas-phase cations with C2H3F, 1,1-C2H2F2, C2HF3 and C2F4 have been studied in a selected ion flow tube at 298 K. The cations are both atomic and molecular with recombination energies in the range 6-22 eV, and the kinetics and branching ratios into product ions are revealed for all the reactions. These data, together with that from an earlier study of reactions of C(x)F(y)(+) with these four fluorinated ethenes (J. Phys. Chem. A., 2012, 116, 8119), are compared with the reactions of these ions with C2H4, where available. Nearly all the reactions have a rate coefficient close to the collisional value calculated by either Langevin or modified average dipole orientation theories. The products of the reactions of N(+) and N2(+) with C2H4 are found to be anomalous, compared to their reactions with the four fluorinated ethenes. The branching ratios into product cations are compared with those from a high resolution (ca. 0.002 eV) photoionisation (hν = 10-22 eV) study of C2H3F, 1,1-C2H2F2, C2HF3 and C2F4 (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2012, 14, 3935) in order to gauge the importance of electron transfer in ion-molecule reactions. The higher the recombination energy of the cation, the better the agreement between the two sets of product branching ratios. Where there is disagreement at lower recombination energies, it appears that there is more fragmentation of the products in the photoionisation experiment compared to the ion-molecule reactions. PMID:24418988
Fundamentals of the Control of Gas-Turbine Power Plants for Aircraft. Part 1; Standardization of the Computations Relating to the Control of Gas-Turbine Power Plants for Aircraft by the Employment of the Laws of Similarity
Luehl, H.
It will be shown that by the use of the concept of similarity a simple representation of the characteristic curves of a compressor operating in combination with a turbine may be obtained with correct allowance for the effect of temperature. Furthermore, it becmes possible to simplify considerably the rather tedious investigations of the behavior of gas-turbine power plants under different operating conditions. Characteristic values will be derived for the most important elements of operating behavior of the power plant, which will be independent of the absolute valu:s of pressure and temperature. At the same time, the investigations provide the basis for scale-model tests on compressors and turbines.
Standard Glbbs Energy of Formation of the Hydroxyl Radical in Aqueous Solution. Rate Constants for the Reaction C102- -t O3 S 03- -t CIO,
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Klaning, U. K.; Sehested, Knud; Holcman, J.
Eoa,(OH/OH-) were determined by means of kf and k,, the equilibrium constant of 03- + O2 + 0-, the pK of the hydroxyl radical, A&Oa, of 030, 2a,n d OH-i n aqueous solution, and E0,,(C1O2/C1O2-) = 0.934 V determined in the present work. Apoa,(OH) = 26.8 * 1 kJ mol-' and Eoao(OH/OH-) = 1.91 * 0.01 V......The rate constants of the following reactions were determined by pulse radiolysis and stopped-flow experiments: C102- + O3 + C102 + 03-(k f= (4 f 1) X lo6 dm3 mol-' s-', k, = (1.8 f 0.2) X lo5 dm3 mol-' s-]); C102 + OH - C103- + H+ (k = (4.0 * 0.4) X lo9 dm3 mol-' s-l); C102 + 0- - C103- (k = (2.......7 * 0.4) X lo9 dm3 mol-' s-l); and O3 + C102 - C103 + O2 (k = (1.05 f 0.10) X lo3 dm3 mol-l s-'), where kf is the forward rate of reaction and k, is the reverse rate of reaction. The standard Gibbs energy of formation of OH in aqueous solution A&O,,(OH) and the corresponding standard oxidation potential...
Rose Island, American Samoa, 2006 Sea Surface Temperature and Meterological Standard Mooring - CRED CREWS Near Real Time and Historical Data
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Site - Rose Island, American Samoa, -14.5514, -168.16018 ARGOS ID 27267 Time series data from this mooring provide high resolution sea surface temperature, surface...
Comparative chemical and molecular variability of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson forma genuina (ylang-ylang) in the Western Indian Ocean Islands: implication for valorization.
Benini, Céline; Mahy, Grégory; Bizoux, Jean-Philippe; Wathelet, Jean-Paul; du Jardin, Patrick; Brostaux, Yves; Fauconnier, Marie-Laure
Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson forma genuina (Annonaceae) is a tropical tree, grown for the production of ylang-ylang essential oil, which is extracted from its fresh and mature flowers. Despite its economic and social importance, very little information is available on its variability and the possible factors causing it. Therefore, the relationship between the genetic structure, revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and the essential oil chemical composition, determined by GC/MS analysis, of ylang-ylang grown in semi-managed systems in three Indian Ocean islands (Grande Comore, Mayotte, and Madagascar) was investigated. Our results revealed a low genetic variation within plantations and contrasted situations between islands. Variations of the chemical composition could be observed within plantations and between islands. The genetic differentiation pattern did not match the observed pattern of chemical variability. Hence, the chemical variation could not be attributed to a genetic control. As Grande Comore, Madagascar, and Mayotte present different environmental and agronomic conditions, it can be concluded that the influence of these conditions on the ylang-ylang essential oil composition is consistent with the patterns observed. Finally, several strategies were proposed to valorize the chemical composition variations. PMID:22782885
Predicting the Dielectric Strength of c-C4F8 and SF6 Gas Mixtures by Monte Carlo Method
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
WU Bian-tao; XIAO Deng-ming
An improved Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the motion of electrons in c-C4F8 and SF6 gas mixtures for pulsed townsend discharge. The electron swarm parameters such as effective ionization coefficient, (-α) and drift velocity over the E/N range from 280~700 Td(1Td= 10-21 V·m2) were calculated by employing a set of cross sections available in literature. From the variation cure of (-α) with SF6 partial pressure p, the limiting field (E/N)lim of gas mixture at different gas content was determined. It is found that the limiting field of c-C4F8 and SF6gas mixture is higher than that of pure SF6 at any SF6 mixture ratio. Simulation results show excellent agreement with experiment data available in previous literature.
Wind characterization for design and comparison with standards, an example from Lyse at the Swedish west coast
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ganander, H. [Teknikgruppen AB, Sollentuna (Sweden); Carlen, I. [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden). Div. of Building Technology; Bergstroem, H. [Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Meteorology
The Lyse site at the Swedish west coast is an area with an archipelago of rocky islands to the west and an equally rocky mainland to the east. In between there are some open sea areas. As being the responsible project manager for the erection and the operation of a turbine at a site like Lyse, the question arises about characterization of the wind for design or purchase of a wind turbine. Or in other words what wind turbine class has to be used for the design, according to existing standards like for example IEC-1400 ? 3 refs, 10 figs
Structure, Stability, and Thermochemistry of the Fullerene Derivatives C64X6 (X = H, F, Cl)
Xu, Lei; Shao, Xueguang; Cai, Wensheng
The geometrical structures, electronic properties, and stabilities of the unconventional fullerene derivatives C64X6 (X = H, F, Cl) have been systematically studied by the first-principle calculations based on the density functional theory. The fullerene derivatives 1911(2)-C64X6 generated from the pineapple-shaped C64X4 are predicted to possess the lowest energies. The other two X atoms are added to the carbon atoms with the highest local strain assessed by the pyramidalization angles. The calculations of the nucleus-independent chemical shifts suggest that the aromaticity of C64X6 affects the stability order of the derivative isomers. To address why C64H6 was not observed in the experimental study of Wang et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 6605) and if the halogenated derivatives C64X6 (X = F, Cl) can be synthesized, thermochemical analysis of the reaction C64X4 + X2 → C64X6 was also performed. The results indicate that the formation of C64H6 and C64Cl6 is not favored at high temperatures. The former may be a reason why C64H6 was not found in the experiment. In sharp contrast, the Gibbs free energy change to form C64F6 is found to be -23.29 kcal/mol at 2000 K, suggesting that this compound may be formed and detected in experiments. The NMR and IR spectra of 1911(2)-C64F6 are sequentially calculated and presented to facilitate future experimental identification.
Using Florida Keys Reference Sites As a Standard for Restoration of Forest Structure in Everglades Tree Islands
Pablo L. Ruiz; Ross, Michael S.; Danielle E. Ogurcak; Jay P. Sah
In south Florida, tropical hardwood forests (hammocks) occur in Everglades tree islands and as more extensive forests in coastal settings in the nearby Florida Keys. Keys hammocks have been less disturbed by humans, and many qualify as "old-growth," while Everglades hammocks have received much heavier use. With improvement of tree island condition an important element in Everglades restoration efforts, we examined stand structure in 23 Keys hammocks and 69 Everglades tree isla...
Comparative Global Gene Expression Profiles of Wild-Type Yersinia pestis CO92 and Its Braun Lipoprotein Mutant at Flea and Human Body Temperatures
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Cristi L. Galindo
Full Text Available Braun/murein lipoprotein (Lpp is involved in inflammatory responses and septic shock. We previously characterized a Δlpp mutant of Yersinia pestis CO92 and found that this mutant was defective in surviving in macrophages and was attenuated in a mouse inhalation model of plague when compared to the highly virulent wild-type (WT bacterium. We performed global transcriptional profiling of WT Y. pestis and its Δlpp mutant using microarrays. The organisms were cultured at 26 and 37 degrees Celsius to simulate the flea vector and mammalian host environments, respectively. Our data revealed vastly different effects of lpp mutation on the transcriptomes of Y. pestis grown at 37 versus 26C. While the absence of Lpp resulted mainly in the downregulation of metabolic genes at 26C, the Y. pestis Δlpp mutant cultured at 37C exhibited profound alterations in stress response and virulence genes, compared to WT bacteria. We investigated one of the stress-related genes (htrA downregulated in the Δlpp mutant relative to WT Y. pestis. Indeed, complementation of the Δlpp mutant with the htrA gene restored intracellular survival of the Y. pestis Δlpp mutant. Our results support a role for Lpp in Y. pestis adaptation to the host environment, possibly via transcriptional activation of htrA.
17 CFR 240.15c3-1f - Optional market and credit risk requirements for OTC derivatives dealers (Appendix F to 17 CFR...
... control systems as described in its application, including any material change in the categories of non... measures must include the risks arising from the non-linear price characteristics of options positions and... risk requirements for OTC derivatives dealers (Appendix F to 17 CFR 240.15c3-1). 240.15c3-1f...
Regenerative superheated steam turbine cycles
Fuller, L. C.; Stovall, T. K.
PRESTO computer program was developed to analyze performance of wide range of steam turbine cycles with special attention given to regenerative superheated steam turbine cycles. It can be used to model standard turbine cycles, including such features as process steam extraction, induction and feedwater heating by external sources, peaking, and high back pressure. Expansion line efficiencies, exhaust loss, leakages, mechanical losses, and generator losses are used to calculate cycle heat rate and generator output. Program provides power engineer with flexible aid for design and analysis of steam turbine systems.
Stabilization of F-actin prevents cAMP-elicited Cl- secretion in T84 cells.
Shapiro, M.; Matthews, J.; Hecht, G; Delp, C; Madara, J. L.
T84 cells, a human intestinal epithelial cell line, serve as a model of electrogenic Cl- secretion. We find that cAMP-elicited Cl- secretion in T84 cells is accompanied by a marked redistribution of F-actin in the basolateral portion of the cell. To prevent this F-actin redistribution and thereby assess its importance to Cl- secretion, we have defined simple conditions under which this model epithelium can be loaded with nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-phallicidin. This reagent binds F-actin with h...
Estradiol Receptors Regulate Differential Connexin 43 Expression in F98 and C6 Glioma Cell Lines.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zahra Moinfar
Full Text Available Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumour with male preponderance and poor prognosis. Glioma cells express variable amounts of connexin 43 (Cx43 and estrogen receptors (ERs. Both, Cx43 and ERs, play important roles in cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 17-ß estradiol (E2 on Cx43 expression in two glioma cell lines with variable native expression of Cx43.F98 and C6 rat glioma cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of 10 nM or 100 nM E2, and the E2-antagonist, Fulvestrant. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. ERα, ERβ and Cx43 protein expressions were analysed by western blotting and Cx43 mRNA expression was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. To quantify cell migration, an exclusive zone migration assay was used. Functional coupling of cells via gap junctions was examined using whole-cell patch-clamp technique.E2 reduced Cx43 expression in C6 cells, but increased Cx43 expression in F98 cultures. These effects were mediated via ERs. Moreover, E2 promoted C6 cell migration, but it did not affect F98 cell migration. The expression level of ERα was found to be high in C6, but low in F98 cells. ERβ was exclusively expressed in C6 cells. In addition, E2 treatment induced a significant decrease of ERβ in C6 cultures, while it decreased ERα expression in F98 glioma cells.These findings show that E2 differentially modulates Cx43 expression in F98 and C6 glioma cells, likely due to the differential expression of ERs in each of these cell lines. Our findings point to the molecular mechanisms that might contribute to the gender-specific differences in the malignancy of glioma and could have implications for therapeutic strategies against glioma.
Materials and Component Development for Advanced Turbine Systems
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Alvin, M A; Pettit, F; Meier, G H; Yanar, M; Helminiak, M; Chyu, M; Siw, S; Slaughter, W S; Karaivanov, V; Kang, B S; Feng, C; Tannebaum, J M; Chen, R; Zhang, B; Fu, T; Richards, G A; Sidwell, T G; Straub, D; Casleton, K H; Dogan, O M
Hydrogen-fired and oxy-fueled land-based gas turbines currently target inlet operating temperatures of ~1425-1760°C (~2600-3200°F). In view of natural gas or syngas-fired engines, advancements in both materials, as well as aerothermal cooling configurations are anticipated prior to commercial operation. This paper reviews recent technical accomplishments resulting from NETL's collaborative research efforts with the University of Pittsburgh and West Virginia University for future land-based gas turbine applications.
Preparation & characterization of SiO{sub 2} interface layer by dip coating technique on carbon fibre for C{sub f}/SiC composites
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kumar, Kundan, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Fusion Reactor Material Development & Characterization Division, Institute for Plasma Research, GIDC Electronics Estate, Sector-25, Gandhinagar-382016 (India); Centre for Nanotechnology, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi-835205 INDIA (India); Jariwala, C., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Pillai, R.; Chauhan, N.; Raole, P. M. [Fusion Reactor Material Development & Characterization Division, Institute for Plasma Research, GIDC Electronics Estate, Sector-25, Gandhinagar-382016 (India)
Carbon fibres (C{sub f}) are one of the most important reinforced materials for ceramic matrix composites such as C{sub f} - SiC composites and they are generally sought for high temperature applications in as space application, nuclear reactor and automobile industries. But the major problem arise when C{sub f} reinforced composites exposed to high temperature in an oxidizing environment, C{sub f} react with oxygen and burnt away. In present work, we have studied the effect of silica (SiO{sub 2}) coating as a protective coating on C{sub f} for the C{sub f} / SiC composites. The silica solution prepared by the sol-gel process and coating on C{sub f} is done by dip coating technique with varying the withdrawing speed i.e. 2, 5, 8 mm/s with fixed dipping cycle (3 Nos.). The uniform silica coating on the C{sub f} is shown by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. The tensile test shows the increase in tensile strength with respect to increase in withdrawing speed. The isothermal oxidation analysis confirmed enhancement of oxidation resistance of silica coated C{sub f} as compared tothe uncoated C{sub f}.
46 CFR 154.615 - Design temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) and down to −55 °C (−67 °F).
... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Design temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) and down to â55... LIQUEFIED GASES Design, Construction and Equipment Materials § 154.615 Design temperature below 0 °C (32 °F... tanks and secondary barriers for a design temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) and down to −55 °C (−67...
46 CFR 154.620 - Design temperature below −55 °C (−67 °F) and down to −165 °C (−265 °F).
... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Design temperature below â55 °C (â67 °F) and down to... LIQUEFIED GASES Design, Construction and Equipment Materials § 154.620 Design temperature below −55 °C (−67... design temperature below −55 °C (−67 °F) and down to −165 °C (−265 °F) must: (a) Meet §...
Origin of the high p-doping in F intercalated graphene on SiC
Cheng, Y. C.
The atomic and electronic structures of F intercalated epitaxialgraphene on a SiC(0001) substrate are studied by first-principles calculations. A three-step fluorination process is proposed. First, F atoms are intercalated between the graphene and the SiC, which restores the Dirac point in the band structure. Second, saturation of the topmost Si dangling bonds introduces p-doping up to 0.37 eV. Third, F atoms bond covalently to the graphene to enhance the p-doping. Our model explains the highly p-doped state of graphene on SiC after fluorination [A. L. Walter et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 184102 (2011)].
C-F sp(2) bond functionalization mediated by niobium complexes.
Nechayev, Michael; Gianetti, Thomas L; Bergman, Robert G; Arnold, John
Insertion chemistry of isocyanide molecules was used to functionalize C-F sp(2) bonds after their oxidative addition across the metal center in a β-diketiminate niobium(iii) imido complex (BDI)Nb(N(t)Bu)(C6H6). The complexes formed, 3a-b ([BDI]Nb(PhC[double bond, length as m-dash]N)(N(t)Bu)(F) (R = 1,6-diisopropylphenyl, tert-butyl), were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. Further treatment with phenylsilane induced H/F exchange under mild conditions, which was followed by hydride transfer to the inserted isocyanide. Divergent reactivity was observed when the two analogous aryl and tert-butyl isocyanide insertion products were treated with phenylsilane. PMID:26216334
Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Treponema pallidum Infections among Blood Donors on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dong-De Xie
Full Text Available Regular screening of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively, and Treponema pallidum, in blood donors is essential to guaranteeing clinical transfusion safety. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of four TTIs among blood donors on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (EG.A retrospective survey of blood donors from January 2011 to April 2013 was conducted to assess the presence of HIV, HBV, HCV and T. pallidum. The medical records were analyzed to verify the seroprevalence of these TTIs among blood donations stratified by gender, age and geographical region.Of the total 2937 consecutive blood donors, 1098 (37.39% had a minimum of one TTI and 185 (6.29% harbored co-infections. The general seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and T. pallidum were 7.83%, 10.01%, 3.71% and 21.51%, respectively. The most frequent TTI co-infections were HBV-T. pallidum 60 (2.04% and HIV-T. pallidum 46 (1.57%. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and T. pallidum were highest among blood donors 38 to 47 years, 18 to 27 years and ≥ 48 years age, respectively (P<0.05. The seroprevalence of TTIs varied according to the population from which the blood was collected on Bioko Island.Our results firstly provide a comprehensive overview of TTIs among blood donors on Bioko Island. Strict screening of blood donors and improved hematological examinations using standard operating procedures are recommended.
Design of CAN-COM Conversion Interface Based on C8051F040%基于C8051F040的CAN-COM转换器设计
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
付勇智; 张洪昌
针对CAN总线应用中的一些问题,提出了一种新的CAN-COM转换的应用解决方案.选用C8051FD40单片机为主要控制器,在分析、理解嵌入式单片机C8051F040内嵌的CAN模块的特点和工作环境要求的基础上,为充分、有效、合理地利用其对CAN总线网络进行数据传输和管理,设计了基于C8051F040的CAN控制器的硬件电路,并在Keil C51 uVsion3的编程环境下,利用C语言设计了相应的总线数据接收、发送和管理程序,并对主要控制程序做了分析说明.通过试验测试,对该方案的特性做了具体分析,结果表明:设计原理简单,转换可靠性高,转换模块操作简单.
R.F. magnetron sputtering of multilayered c-BN films on cemented carbide tool.
Park, Sungtae; Jeong, Sehoon; Lee, Kwangmin
A c-BN thin film was deposited using a B4C target in a r.f. magnetron sputtering system. The c-BN layer was coated with a TiAIN adhesion layer (approximately 2 microm), boron carbide (approximately 1 microm) and BCN (10 approximately 15 nm) nano-gradient layer system. The c-BN layers with thicknesses of more than 0.5 microm were successfully deposited onto cemented carbide substrates. The high resolution XPS spectra analysis of B1s and N1s revealed that the c-BN film was mainly composed of sp3 BN bonds.
Standardized F1: a consistent measure of strength of modulation of visual responses to sine-wave drifting gratings.
Wypych, M; Wang, C; Nagy, A; Benedek, G; Dreher, B; Waleszczyk, W J
The magnitude of spike-responses of neurons in the mammalian visual system to sine-wave luminance-contrast-modulated drifting gratings is modulated by the temporal frequency of the stimulation. However, there are serious problems with consistency and reliability of the traditionally used methods of assessment of strength of such modulation. Here we propose an intuitive and simple tool for assessment of the strength of modulations in the form of standardized F1 index, zF1. We define zF1 as the ratio of the difference between the F1 (component of amplitude spectrum of the spike-response at temporal frequency of stimulation) and the mean value of spectrum amplitudes to standard deviation along all frequencies in the spectrum. In order to assess the validity of this measure, we have: (1) examined behavior of zF1 using spike-responses to optimized drifting gratings of single neurons recorded from four 'visual' structures (area V1 of primary visual cortex, superior colliculus, suprageniculate nucleus and caudate nucleus) in the brain of commonly used visual mammal - domestic cat; (2) compared the behavior of zF1 with that of classical statistics commonly employed in the analysis of steady-state responses; (3) tested the zF1 index on simulated spike-trains generated with threshold-linear model. Our analyses indicate that zF1 is resistant to distortions due to the low spike count in responses and therefore can be particularly useful in the case of recordings from neurons with low firing rates and/or low net mean responses. While most V1 and a half of caudate neurons exhibit high zF1 indices, the majorities of collicular and suprageniculate neurons exhibit low zF1 indices. We conclude that despite the general shortcomings of measuring strength of modulation inherent in the linear system approach, zF1 can serve as a sensitive and easy to interpret tool for detection of modulation and assessment of its strength in responses of visual neurons. PMID:23000273
Agronomic performance for biodiesel production potential of Brassica carinata A. Braun in Mediterranean marginal areas
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francesco Montemurro
Full Text Available Brassicaceae are promising oil feedstock for cultivation in centralsouthern Italy. Therefore, a two-year investigation on Brassica carinata A. Braun (cv. CT 204 was carried out in three sites of Apulia region [Site 1, Alberobello - Murgia foreland; Site 2, Troia (Foggia - Daunian sub-Apennines; Site 3, Monteroni (Lecce - Area of Salento], and in one site of Basilicata region (Site 4, Hill of Matera. The aim was to identify site-specific management practices [by comparing minimum vs conventional tillage, low sowing density vs high sowing density; different levels of nitrogen (N supply and organic fertilisers] in the four different marginal areas, to achieve optimum yield performance for biodiesel prospective production. The crop showed a good adaptability in the study sites, and the highest N level positively influenced the yield performance in Sites 1, 2 and 3. Moreover, the reduction of mechanical operations (minimum tillage did not negatively influence crop production and seed oil content. The highest density of sowing tested determined the best crop performance in Site 3, particularly showing the maximum seed oil content with the lowest N supply. Finally, in Site 4 the compost mixed with mineral N fertiliser as well as the sewage sludge from urban wastewater determined productive results comparable to those obtained with mineral fertiliser, evidencing that organic fertilisers could (partially or completely substitute the mineral one for this crop in the study site. On the whole, seed yield and oil content showed a potential for biodiesel production of Brassica carinata cultivated with site-specific agronomic techniques in four different marginal areas of Southern Italy, suggesting it can be likely achieved the crop environmental adaptation.
Floral and Seed Variability Patterns among Ethiopian Mustard (B. carinata A. Braun of East Africa
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adeniji, OT.
Full Text Available In East Africa, Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun is cultivated primarily for its leaves, but in Ethiopia preference is high for oil in the seed. Dual purpose importance of the seeds for planting and for oil suggests the need to improve seed production efficiency through understanding variation pattern for floral morphology and seed characters. We investigated genetic diversity and correlations for floral and seed characteristics among 14 accessions of Ethiopian mustard to improve seed set and yield. Field trials were conducted during 2008 and 2009; flowers were examined for short stamen height, long stamen height, pistil height, and silliqua for seed weight, seeds/silliqua and silliqua/plant. Results were largely consistent between years, indicating that the variation measured was mainly controlled by genetic factors. High genetic variation for seed characters and reproductive phenology among the accessions was noted. The number of days to appearance of flowers showed high discriminatory ability among the accessions. A wide continuous variation was observed among accessions for anther-stigma separation. Accessions 1, 3 and 14 were identified as early flowering. A significant and positive correlation coefficient between short stamen height and seed weight indicated a substantial complementation among these characters for seed yield improvement. The short stamen height is a good indicator for selection in favour of seed commercialization and indices for selection of pollen parent for seed yield improvement. Accessions 5, 7, 14, 16 and 22 are best for multiple characters and are recommended for seed production for any of the seasons in Arusha, Tanzania.
Measurement of the figure of merit M for 1-C3F6/SF6 mixtures
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Christensen, Jørn Erik Berril; McAllister, Iain Wilson
High precision measurements of the linear part of the Paschen curve are reported for 1-C3F6/SF6 mixtures. From these measurements, values for the pressure-reduced limiting electric field strength (E/p)lim and the associated figure of merit M are derived. These two parameters can be used to charac......High precision measurements of the linear part of the Paschen curve are reported for 1-C3F6/SF6 mixtures. From these measurements, values for the pressure-reduced limiting electric field strength (E/p)lim and the associated figure of merit M are derived. These two parameters can be used...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Two isomeric forms of terbium tetrahydrate trifluoroacetate, featuring the composition C6H6F9O9Tb, were prepared as a result of interaction between terbium hydroxide or carbonate and trifluoroacetic acid. The compounds were characterized by the methods of elementary analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. It has been ascertained that isomerism of the compounds stems from different positions of protons. Crystals of both forms are isostructural, forming a continuous series of solid solutions with C6H6F9O9Eu
The impact of high-dose vitamin C on blood glucose testing in ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging.
Bahr, Rebekah L; Wilson, Don C
Complementary and alternative therapies in addition to standard oncology protocols are commonly sought by cancer patients; however, few patients disclose their complementary treatments to their cancer care team. A lack of communication may result in unforeseen side effects and the potential for some alternative therapies to interfere with or inhibit conventional treatment. High-dose vitamin C therapy, in particular, may lead to an inability to measure a patient's blood glucose level before (18)F-FDG injection for PET/CT scanning. We report a case of a 52-y-old woman referred for (18)F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate the extent of recurrent colorectal cancer. The PET/CT scan immediately followed a single intravenous dose of 25 g of ascorbic acid from her naturopath. A glucometer that applies the glucose oxidase method for measuring fasting blood glucose was used, for which high doses of vitamin C are listed as a contraindication. The high concentration of ascorbic acid in the patient's blood sample interfered with the chemical reaction on the glucose strip, and therefore no blood glucose measurement could be attained. With more patients receiving alternative and complementary cancer therapies, it is important to know what the implications of orthomolecular therapy might be on routine blood glucose testing for (18)F-FDG PET scans. (18)F-FDG is in direct competition with glucose; therefore, elevated blood glucose levels will cause a decrease in (18)F-FDG absorption and may lead to a false-negative scan. PMID:25104819
CLEC4F is an inducible C-type lectin in F4/80-positive cells and is involved in alpha-galactosylceramide presentation in liver.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chih-Ya Yang
Full Text Available CLEC4F, a member of C-type lectin, was first purified from rat liver extract with high binding affinity to fucose, galactose (Gal, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc, and un-sialylated glucosphingolipids with GalNAc or Gal terminus. However, the biological functions of CLEC4F have not been elucidated. To address this question, we examined the expression and distribution of murine CLEC4F, determined its binding specificity by glycan array, and investigated its function using CLEC4F knockout (Clec4f-/- mice. We found that CLEC4F is a heavily glycosylated membrane protein co-expressed with F4/80 on Kupffer cells. In contrast to F4/80, CLEC4F is detectable in fetal livers at embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5 but not in yolk sac, suggesting the expression of CLEC4F is induced as cells migrate from yolk cells to the liver. Even though CLEC4F is not detectable in tissues outside liver, both residential Kupffer cells and infiltrating mononuclear cells surrounding liver abscesses are CLEC4F-positive upon Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes infection. While CLEC4F has strong binding to Gal and GalNAc, terminal fucosylation inhibits CLEC4F recognition to several glycans such as Fucosyl GM1, Globo H, Bb3∼4 and other fucosyl-glycans. Moreover, CLEC4F interacts with alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer in a calcium-dependent manner and participates in the presentation of α-GalCer to natural killer T (NKT cells. This suggests that CLEC4F is a C-type lectin with diverse binding specificity expressed on residential Kupffer cells and infiltrating monocytes in the liver, and may play an important role to modulate glycolipids presentation on Kupffer cells.
SCALE: A modular code system for performing standardized computer analyses for licensing evaluation: Functional modules, F9-F11
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This Manual represents Revision 5 of the user documentation for the modular code system referred to as SCALE. The history of the SCALE code system dates back to 1969 when the current Computational Physics and Engineering Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) began providing the transportation package certification staff at the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission with computational support in the use of the new KENO code for performing criticality safety assessments with the statistical Monte Carlo method. From 1969 to 1976 the certification staff relied on the ORNL staff to assist them in the correct use of codes and data for criticality, shielding, and heat transfer analyses of transportation packages. However, the certification staff learned that, with only occasional use of the codes, it was difficult to become proficient in performing the calculations often needed for an independent safety review. Thus, shortly after the move of the certification staff to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the NRC staff proposed the development of an easy-to-use analysis system that provided the technical capabilities of the individual modules with which they were familiar. With this proposal, the concept of the Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation (SCALE) code system was born. This volume consists of the section of the manual dealing with three of the functional modules in the code. Those are the Morse-SGC for the SCALE system, Heating 7.2, and KENO V.a. The manual describes the latest released versions of the codes
SCALE: A modular code system for performing standardized computer analyses for licensing evaluation: Functional modules, F9-F11
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
This Manual represents Revision 5 of the user documentation for the modular code system referred to as SCALE. The history of the SCALE code system dates back to 1969 when the current Computational Physics and Engineering Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) began providing the transportation package certification staff at the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission with computational support in the use of the new KENO code for performing criticality safety assessments with the statistical Monte Carlo method. From 1969 to 1976 the certification staff relied on the ORNL staff to assist them in the correct use of codes and data for criticality, shielding, and heat transfer analyses of transportation packages. However, the certification staff learned that, with only occasional use of the codes, it was difficult to become proficient in performing the calculations often needed for an independent safety review. Thus, shortly after the move of the certification staff to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the NRC staff proposed the development of an easy-to-use analysis system that provided the technical capabilities of the individual modules with which they were familiar. With this proposal, the concept of the Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation (SCALE) code system was born. This volume consists of the section of the manual dealing with three of the functional modules in the code. Those are the Morse-SGC for the SCALE system, Heating 7.2, and KENO V.a. The manual describes the latest released versions of the codes.
Standard Hydrogen Monitoring System-C operation and maintenance manual
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The primary function of the SHMS-C is to monitor specifically for hydrogen in the waste tank vapor space which may also contain (but not be limited to) unknown quantities of air, nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and other gaseous constituents. An electronically controlled grab sampler has replaced the manually operated sample system that was used in the original SHMS enclosure. Samples can now be operator or automatically initiated. Automatic initiation occurs based on the high hydrogen alarm level. Once a sample is obtained it is removed from the sampler and transported to a laboratory for analysis. This system is used to identify other gaseous constituents which are not measured by the hydrogen monitor. The design does not include any remote data acquisition or remote data logging equipment but provides a 4--20 mA dc process signals, and discrete alarm contacts, that can be utilized for remote data logging and alarming when desired. The SHMS-C arrangement consists of design modifications (piping, valves, filters, supports) to the SHMS-B arrangement necessary for the installation of a dual column gas chromatograph and associated sample and calibration gas lines. The gas chromatograph will provide real time, analytical quality, specific hydrogen measurements in low and medium range concentrations. The system is designed to sample process gases that are classified by NEC code as Class 1, Division 1, Group B
Using Florida Keys Reference Sites As a Standard for Restoration of Forest Structure in Everglades Tree Islands
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In south Florida, tropical hardwood forests (hammocks) occur in Everglades tree islands and as more extensive forests in coastal settings in the nearby Florida Keys. Keys hammocks have been less disturbed by humans, and many qualify as old-growth, while Everglades hammocks have received much heavier use. With improvement of tree island condition an important element in Everglades restoration efforts, we examined stand structure in 23 Keys hammocks and 69 Everglades tree islands. Based on Stand Density Index and tree diameter distributions, many Everglades hammocks were characterized by low stocking and under-representation in the smaller size classes. In contrast, most Keys forests had the dense canopies and open under stories usually associated with old-growth hardwood hammocks. Subject to the same caveats that apply to off-site references elsewhere, structural information from mature Keys hammocks can be helpful in planning and implementing forest restoration in Everglades tree islands. In many of these islands, such restoration might involve supplementing tree stocking by planting native trees to produce more complete site utilization and a more open under story.
Using Florida Keys Reference Sites As a Standard for Restoration of Forest Structure in Everglades Tree Islands
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Michael S. Ross
Full Text Available In south Florida, tropical hardwood forests (hammocks occur in Everglades tree islands and as more extensive forests in coastal settings in the nearby Florida Keys. Keys hammocks have been less disturbed by humans, and many qualify as "old-growth," while Everglades hammocks have received much heavier use. With improvement of tree island condition an important element in Everglades restoration efforts, we examined stand structure in 23 Keys hammocks and 69 Everglades tree islands. Based on Stand Density Index and tree diameter distributions, many Everglades hammocks were characterized by low stocking and under-representation in the smaller size classes. In contrast, most Keys forests had the dense canopies and open understories usually associated with old-growth hardwood hammocks. Subject to the same caveats that apply to off-site references elsewhere, structural information from mature Keys hammocks can be helpful in planning and implementing forest restoration in Everglades tree islands. In many of these islands, such restoration might involve supplementing tree stocking by planting native trees to produce more complete site utilization and a more open understory.
Future needs and requirements for AMS {sup 14}C standards and reference materials
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Scott, E. Marian E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Boaretto, Elisabetta; Bryant, Charlotte; Cook, Gordon T.; Gulliksen, Steinar; Harkness, Doug D.; Heinemeier, Jan; McGee, Edward; Naysmith, Philip; Possnert, Goran; Plicht, Hans van der; Strydonck, Mark van
{sup 14}C measurement uses a number of standards and reference materials with different properties. Historically the absolute calibration of {sup 14}C measurement was tied to 1890 wood, through the 'primary' standard of NBS-OxI (produced by the National Bureau of Standards, now NIST - National Institute of Standards and technology) subsequently replaced by NBS-OxII. These are both internationally calibrated and certified materials, whose {sup 14}C activities are known absolutely. A second tier of materials, often called secondary standards or reference materials, and including internationally recognised materials such as ANU-sucrose (now also IAEA-C6), Chinese - sucrose and the IAEA C1-C6 series, augmented by additional oxalic acid samples are also used routinely. The activity of these materials has been estimated from large numbers of measurements made by many laboratories. Recently, further natural materials from the Third and Fourth International Radiocarbon Inter-comparisons (TIRI and FIRI) have been added to this list. The activities of these standards and reference materials span both the applied {sup 14}C age range and the chemical composition range of typical samples, but this is not achieved uniformly and there is a continuing need for reference materials for laboratory quality control and measurement-traceability purposes. In this paper, we review the development of {sup 14}C standards and reference materials and consider the future requirements for such materials within the {sup 14}C AMS community.
CYP4F18-Deficient Neutrophils Exhibit Increased Chemotaxis to Complement Component C5a
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rachel Vaivoda
Full Text Available CYP4Fs were first identified as enzymes that catalyze hydroxylation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4. CYP4F18 has an unusual expression in neutrophils and was predicted to play a role in regulating LTB4-dependent inflammation. We compared chemotaxis of wild-type and Cyp4f18 knockout neutrophils using an in vitro assay. There was no significant difference in the chemotactic response to LTB4, but the response to complement component C5a increased 1.9–2.25-fold in knockout cells compared to wild-type (P < 0.01. This increase was still observed when neutrophils were treated with inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis. There were no changes in expression of other CYP4 enzymes in knockout neutrophils that might compensate for loss of CYP4F18 or lead to differences in activity. A mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate colitis was used to investigate the consequences of increased C5a-dependent chemotaxis in vivo, but there was no significant difference in weight loss, disease activity, or colonic tissue myeloperoxidase between wild-type and Cyp4f18 knockout mice. This study demonstrates the limitations of inferring CYP4F function based on an ability to use LTB4 as a substrate, points to expanding roles for CYP4F enzymes in immune regulation, and underscores the in vivo challenges of CYP knockout studies.
SCALE: A modular code system for performing standardized computer analyses for licensing evaluation: Functional modules F1-F8
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This Manual represents Revision 5 of the user documentation for the modular code system referred to as SCALE. The history of the SCALE code system dates back to 1969 when the current Computational Physics and Engineering Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) began providing the transportation package certification staff at the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission with computational support in the use of the new KENO code for performing criticality safety assessments with the statistical Monte Carlo method. From 1969 to 1976 the certification staff relied on the ORNL staff to assist them in the correct use of codes and data for criticality, shielding, and heat transfer analyses of transportation packages. However, the certification staff learned that, with only occasional use of the codes, it was difficult to become proficient in performing the calculations often needed for an independent safety review. Thus, shortly after the move of the certification staff to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the NRC staff proposed the development of an easy-to-use analysis system that provided the technical capabilities of the individual modules with which they were familiar. With this proposal, the concept of the Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation (SCALE) code system was born. This volume consists of the section of the manual dealing with eight of the functional modules in the code. Those are: BONAMI - resonance self-shielding by the Bondarenko method; NITAWL-II - SCALE system module for performing resonance shielding and working library production; XSDRNPM - a one-dimensional discrete-ordinates code for transport analysis; XSDOSE - a module for calculating fluxes and dose rates at points outside a shield; KENO IV/S - an improved monte carlo criticality program; COUPLE; ORIGEN-S - SCALE system module to calculate fuel depletion, actinide transmutation, fission product buildup and decay, and associated radiation source terms; ICE
SCALE: A modular code system for performing standardized computer analyses for licensing evaluation: Functional modules F1-F8
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
This Manual represents Revision 5 of the user documentation for the modular code system referred to as SCALE. The history of the SCALE code system dates back to 1969 when the current Computational Physics and Engineering Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) began providing the transportation package certification staff at the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission with computational support in the use of the new KENO code for performing criticality safety assessments with the statistical Monte Carlo method. From 1969 to 1976 the certification staff relied on the ORNL staff to assist them in the correct use of codes and data for criticality, shielding, and heat transfer analyses of transportation packages. However, the certification staff learned that, with only occasional use of the codes, it was difficult to become proficient in performing the calculations often needed for an independent safety review. Thus, shortly after the move of the certification staff to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the NRC staff proposed the development of an easy-to-use analysis system that provided the technical capabilities of the individual modules with which they were familiar. With this proposal, the concept of the Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation (SCALE) code system was born. This volume consists of the section of the manual dealing with eight of the functional modules in the code. Those are: BONAMI - resonance self-shielding by the Bondarenko method; NITAWL-II - SCALE system module for performing resonance shielding and working library production; XSDRNPM - a one-dimensional discrete-ordinates code for transport analysis; XSDOSE - a module for calculating fluxes and dose rates at points outside a shield; KENO IV/S - an improved monte carlo criticality program; COUPLE; ORIGEN-S - SCALE system module to calculate fuel depletion, actinide transmutation, fission product buildup and decay, and associated radiation source terms; ICE.
NODC Standard Format Marine Bacteria (F009) Data (1975-1979) (NODC Accession 0014148)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Marine Bacteria (F009) data set contains data from bacteriological studies of the water column and ocean bottom. Data include the density (number per unit...
NODC Standard Format Fish Pathology Format (F013) Data (1975-1980) (NCEI Accession 0014146)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Fish Pathology (F013) data set contains data from examinations of diseased fishes. Although these data may be from field observations, they derive primarily...
Structures and electronic properties of C12Si8X8 (X = H, F, and Cl)
Naderi, F.
The structural stabilities and electronic properties of C12Si8X8 where X = H, F, and Cl are probed on the basis of density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-31+G* level. Vibrational frequency calculations show that all the systems are true minima. The infrared spectra of the most stable C12Si8X8 molecules are simulated to assist further experimental characterization. The functionalized structures and energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital, HOMO, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, LUMO, have been systematically investigated. It seems that C12Si8H8 has more stability against electronic excitations via increasing the HOMO-LUMO gap comparing with C12Si8Cl8 and C12Si8F8. High charge transfer on the surfaces of our stable compounds, provokes further investigations on their possible application for hydrogen storage. The addition reaction energies of C12Si8X8 are high exothermic, and C12Si8F8 is more thermodynamically accessible.
Shock wave study and theoretical modeling of the thermal decomposition of c-C4F8.
Cobos, C J; Hintzer, K; Sölter, L; Tellbach, E; Thaler, A; Troe, J
The thermal dissociation of octafluorocyclobutane, c-C4F8, was studied in shock waves over the range 1150-2300 K by recording UV absorption signals of CF2. It was found that the primary reaction nearly exclusively produces 2 C2F4 which afterwards decomposes to 4 CF2. A primary reaction leading to CF2 + C3F6 is not detected (an upper limit to the yield of the latter channel was found to be about 10 percent). The temperature range of earlier single pulse shock wave experiments was extended. The reaction was shown to be close to its high pressure limit. Combining high and low temperature results leads to a rate constant for the primary dissociation of k1 = 10(15.97) exp(-310.5 kJ mol(-1)/RT) s(-1) in the range 630-1330 K, over which k1 varies over nearly 14 orders of magnitude. Calculations of the energetics of the reaction pathway and the rate constants support the conclusions from the experiments. Also they shed light on the role of the 1,4-biradical CF2CF2CF2CF2 as an intermediate of the reaction. PMID:26577435
C8051F040中CAN控制器的应用%Application of CAN Control in C8051F040
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
蔡华锋; 廖冬初; 潘健; 张杰; 陈小薇
C8051F040的CAN模块应用研究%Research on Application of CAN Module Based on C8051F040
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
袁越阳; 鲁植雄; 陈明江
Thermosyphon Method for Cooling the Rotor Blades of High-Temperature Steam Turbines
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bogomolov Alexander R.
Full Text Available The design scheme of closed two-phase thermosyphon were suggested that can provide standard thermal operation of blades of high-temperature steam turbine. The method for thermosyphon calculation is developed. The example of thermal calculation was implemented, it showed that to cool the steam turbine blades at their heating by high-temperature steam, the heat can be removed in the rear part of the blades by air with the temperature of about 440°C.
Labeling of complex molecules with 18F, 13N, and 11C
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The overall objective during the period covered by this report was to develop a broad spectrum of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with short-lived cyclotron positron emitters, 11C, 13N and 18F. The goals of the program during the last year were: (1) to complete the modular automated system for important precursor production - formaldehyde, methyliodide, cyanide; (2) to perform animal studies with the 18F-glucose analogues 2FDG and 3FDG and measure the constants for both agents in different animals; and (3) to initiate the development of new fatty acid analogues for the myocardial imaging and metabolism. As part of a collaboration with other groups seeking new agents for myocardium and brain, 9-/sup 123m/Te-telluriumheptadecanoic acid as a myocardial imaging agent was studied. This compound could be used for designing new fatty acid analogues labeled with 11C and 18F that stay in the myocardium because of metabolic inhibition
Powdery mildew fungal effector candidates share N-terminal Y/F/WxC-motif
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Emmersen Jeppe
Full Text Available Abstract Background Powdery mildew and rust fungi are widespread, serious pathogens that depend on developing haustoria in the living plant cells. Haustoria are separated from the host cytoplasm by a plant cell-derived extrahaustorial membrane. They secrete effector proteins, some of which are subsequently transferred across this membrane to the plant cell to suppress defense. Results In a cDNA library from barley epidermis containing powdery mildew haustoria, two-thirds of the sequenced ESTs were fungal and represented ~3,000 genes. Many of the most highly expressed genes encoded small proteins with N-terminal signal peptides. While these proteins are novel and poorly related, they do share a three-amino acid motif, which we named "Y/F/WxC", in the N-terminal of the mature proteins. The first amino acid of this motif is aromatic: tyrosine, phenylalanine or tryptophan, and the last is always cysteine. In total, we identified 107 such proteins, for which the ESTs represent 19% of the fungal clones in our library, suggesting fundamental roles in haustoria function. While overall sequence similarity between the powdery mildew Y/F/WxC-proteins is low, they do have a highly similar exon-intron structure, suggesting they have a common origin. Interestingly, searches of public fungal genome and EST databases revealed that haustoria-producing rust fungi also encode large numbers of novel, short proteins with signal peptides and the Y/F/WxC-motif. No significant numbers of such proteins were identified from genome and EST sequences from either fungi which do not produce haustoria or from haustoria-producing Oomycetes. Conclusion In total, we identified 107, 178 and 57 such Y/F/WxC-proteins from the barley powdery mildew, the wheat stem rust and the wheat leaf rust fungi, respectively. All together, our findings suggest the Y/F/WxC-proteins to be a new class of effectors from haustoria-producing pathogenic fungi.
Final Technical Report for grant entitled "New Horizons in C-F Activation by Main Group Electrophiles"
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ozerov, Oleg V [Texas A& M University; Ozerov, Oleg V.
We became interested in developing new methods for hydrodefluorination (HDF) and other types of C-F bond conversion in polyfluoroalkanes under mild conditions. We were attracted to an approach to C-F activation, where the key C-F cleavage proceeds by a Lewis acid abstraction of fluoride rather than a redox event. The efforts during the previous period were aimed at a) advancing the HDF reactivity with improvement in scope and catalyst longevity; b) extending C-F activation beyond HDF; c) generating insight about the elementary steps of the reaction and potential intermediates.
Radar observations of F region field-aligned irregularities over Hainan island, China in 2014-2015
Shang, She-Ping; Wu, Qiongzhi; Chunxiao, Yan; Yan, Jingye; Shi, Jiankui; Yang, Guotao
The morphology characteristics of low latitude F region 3-m scale field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) have been investigated by using the continuous observation of Hainan VHF radar (19.5ºN,109.1ºE,dip latitude:14.0ºN) in 2014-2015. The monthly mean F10.7 solar flux show the clear decrease from the peak in the start of 2014 to the foot in the end of 2015. F region FAIs can be further classified into the three cases: radar plumes (RP), broad spread F (BSF) and weak spread F (WSF), in which the first are mainly generated and developed within the field of view (FoV) of radar and the latter two generally originate outside of the FoV of radar and drift into the FoV of radar. They indicate the different phases of generation, evolution and decay of low latitude F region irregularities. The main results exhibit the F region FAIs mainly present in Feb.-Apr. and in Sep.-Nov. near the two equinoxes and are greatly reduced in May-Aug. near summer solstice, and almost completely disappeared in Dec.-Jan. near winter solstice, which are greatly affected by the solar activity. F region FAIs are more robust in spring equinox than in fall equinox, which can be shown as the occurrence rate, the structure and evolution, the duration time and so on. In spring equinox, the occurrence rate is far higher, and F region FAIs show the more structures and the longer duration time. RP near sunset are greatly enhanced. The following BSF and WSF can present intermittently and may persist into the post-midnight. F region FAIs in summer solstice mainly show BSF and WSF with the clear time delay. BSF mainly present in the pre-midnight, and there are mostly WSF in the post-midnight. The clear decrease of sola flux cause different effects to the occurrence of F region FAIs in the equinoxes and summer solstice. F region FAIs are greatly reduced in the equinoxes, in which RP are greatly reduced compared with BSF and WSF. F region FAIs seem not to be evidently affected in the summer solstice, in which
Ab Initio Investigations of the C2F4S Isomers and of Their Interconversions
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Shim, Irene; Vallano-Lorenzo, Sandra; Lisbona-Martin, Pilar;
The transition states and the activation energies for the unobserved isomerization reactions between the three possible C2F4S isomers with divalent sulfur, trifluorothioacetyl fluoride 1, tetrafluorothiirane 2, and trifluoroethenesulfenyl fluoride 3, have been determined by ab initio Hartree-Fock...
Flood Hazard Recurrence Frequencies for C-, F-, E-, S-, H-, Y-, and Z-Areas
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chen, K.F.
A method was developed to determine the probabilistic flood elevation curves for Savannah River Site facilities. This report presents the method used to determine the probabilistic flood elevation curves for C-, F-, E-, H-, S-, Y-, and Z-Areas due to runoff from the Upper Three Runs and Fourmile Branch basins.
48 CFR 47.303-14 - C.i.f. destination.
... and marine insurance paid by the contractor. (b) Contractor responsibilities. The contractor's... of marine insurance coverage specified in the contract or agreed upon by the Government contracting... delivery term. C.i.f. (Cost, insurance, freight) destination means free of expense to the...
48 CFR 1819.201 - General policy. (NASA supplements paragraphs (a), (c), (d), and (f))
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true General policy. (NASA supplements paragraphs (a), (c), (d), and (f)) 1819.201 Section 1819.201 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 1819.201 General policy....
Guido Kangur toob C. F. Hahni pubisse jatsu / Urmas Hännile
Hännile, Urmas
Eesti Draamateatri näitleja ja muusikafestivali Sõru Jazz korraldaja Guido Kanguri eestvõttel hakkab Pärnus C. F. Hahni pubis (Riia mnt 129a) kolmapäeviti kõlama džässmuusika, G. Kanguri tegemistest
Comparative study of the oospore morphology of two populations of a rare species Chara baueri A. Braun in Cedynia (Poland and Batzlow (Germany
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Andrzej Pukacz
Full Text Available Morphological features of oospores of Chara baueri A. Braun, one of the rarest charophyte species worldwide, were studied based on 100 oospores collected from a small and temporarily dried mid-field pond near Cedynia, Western Poland. This is the first Polish and fifth presently known locality of this species. For comparison 67 oospores from a German population (similar pond localized near Batzlow, Germany were also measured. So far, data on morphology of C. baueri oospores as well as the species ecology are limited. The only more detailed study of oospores for this species was earlier performed on 15 oospores from Kazakhstan. Largest polar axis (LPA, length, largest equatorial diameter (LED, width, isopolarity index (ISI = LPA/LED × 100, number of ridges, width of fossa, distance from apical pole to LED (AND and anisipolarity index (ANI = AND/LPA × 100 were measured. The comparative analysis revealed that the oospores from Poland are generally bigger and more prolate than the German ones. The differences for most of studied parameters were statistically significant. The finding is discussed in the context of habitat differentiation of both studied sites. Moreover, the results obtained of oospore measurements for both populations differs from most of the data known so far from the literature.
Three-component synthesis of C2F5-substituted pyrazoles from C2F5CH2NH2·HCl, NaNO2 and electron-deficient alkynes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
Full Text Available A one-pot reaction between C2F5CH2NH2·HCl, NaNO2 and electron-deficient alkynes gives C2F5-substituted pyrazoles in excellent yields. The transformation smoothly proceeds in dichloromethane/water, tolerates the presence of air, and requires no purification of products by column chromatography. Mechanistically, C2F5CH2NH2·HCl and NaNO2 react first in water to generate C2F5CHN2, that participates in a [3 + 2] cycloaddition with electron-deficient alkynes in dichloromethane.
11kW Stand Alone Wind Turbine Based on Proven Wind Turbine
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bindner, Henrik; Wodstrup, Jens; Andersen, Jesper;
The paper will present the rationale behind the design of a stand-alone version of a existing 11kW wind turbine that has been installed at 100 sites mainly in Denmark. The wind turbine has been developed as a part of the Danish household wind turbine programme that included certification......, and a measurement programme. The positive operational experience with the turbine has motivated the development of a stand-alone version. The stand-alone version uses the standard version of the wind turbine combined with a back-to-back converter arrangement in order to decouple the wind turbine from the grid...
Comparison of standardized uptake values measured on {sup 18}F-NaF PET/CT scans using three different tube current intensities
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Valadares, Agnes Araujo; Woellner, Eduardo Bechtloff; Sapienza, Marcelo Tatit; Buchpiguel, Carlos Alberto, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC/FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Medicina. Hospital das Clinicas; Duarte, Paulo Schiavom; Coura-Filho, George Barberio [Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira (ICESP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)
Objective: to analyze standardized uptake values (SUVs) using three different tube current intensities for attenuation correction on {sup 18}FNaF PET/CT scans. Materials and methods: a total of 254 {sup 18}F-NaF PET/CT studies were analyzed using 10, 20 and 30 mAs. The SUVs were calculated in volumes of interest (VOIs) drawn on three skeletal regions, namely, right proximal humeral diaphysis (RH), right proximal femoral diaphysis (RF), and first lumbar vertebra (LV1) in a total of 712 VOIs. The analyses covered 675 regions classified as normal (236 RH, 232 RF, and 207 LV1). Results: mean SUV for each skeletal region was 3.8, 5.4 and 14.4 for RH, RF, and LV1, respectively. As the studies were grouped according to mAs value, the mean SUV values were 3.8, 3.9 and 3.7 for 10, 20 and 30 mAs, respectively, in the RH region; 5.4, 5.5 and 5.4 for 10, 20 and 30 mAs, respectively, in the RF region; 13.8, 14.9 and 14.5 for 10, 20 and 30 mAs, respectively, in the LV1 region. Conclusion: the three tube current values yielded similar results for SUV calculation. (author)
Comparison of standardized uptake values measured on 18F-NaF PET/CT scans using three different tube current intensities
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Agnes Araujo Valadares
Full Text Available Objective: To analyze standardized uptake values (SUVs using three different tube current intensities for attenuation correction on 18FNaF PET/CT scans. Materials and Methods: A total of 254 18F-NaF PET/CT studies were analyzed using 10, 20 and 30 mAs. The SUVs were calculated in volumes of interest (VOIs drawn on three skeletal regions, namely, right proximal humeral diaphysis (RH, right proximal femoral diaphysis (RF, and first lumbar vertebra (LV1 in a total of 712 VOIs. The analyses covered 675 regions classified as normal (236 RH, 232 RF, and 207 LV1. Results: Mean SUV for each skeletal region was 3.8, 5.4 and 14.4 for RH, RF, and LV1, respectively. As the studies were grouped according to mAs value, the mean SUV values were 3.8, 3.9 and 3.7 for 10, 20 and 30 mAs, respectively, in the RH region; 5.4, 5.5 and 5.4 for 10, 20 and 30 mAs, respectively, in the RF region; 13.8, 14.9 and 14.5 for 10, 20 and 30 mAs, respectively, in the LV1 region. Conclusion: The three tube current values yielded similar results for SUV calculation.
Effect of curvature on C-F bonding in fluorinated carbons: from fullerene and derivatives to graphite.
Zhang, W; Dubois, M; Guérin, K; Bonnet, P; Kharbache, H; Masin, F; Kharitonov, A P; Hamwi, A
The effect of the curvature of the carbon lattice is discussed taking into account NMR data on various fluorinated carbons including C(60) fullerenes, single, double and multiwall carbon nanotubes. Graphite fluorides and highly fluorinated fullerenes are used as limit model compounds for planar and spherical geometries, respectively. The curvature results in a weakening of the C-F bonding covalence. First of all, various highly fluorinated fullerenes with increasing F/C molar ratio were prepared by treatment with pure gaseous fluorine. A preliminary study using XRD, EPR and IR spectroscopy confirms that the highest fluorination level can be reached either at 133 or at 300 degrees C. In order to extract the correlation between fluorine and carbon atoms and the C-F bond length, specific sequences such as solid echo, two-dimensional (19)F -->(13)C cross polarization wide-line separation and inverse (19)F -->(13)C cross polarization were also used for fluorinated C(60). PMID:20119617
CLEC4F Is an Inducible C-Type Lectin in F4/80-Positive Cells and Is Involved in Alpha-Galactosylceramide Presentation in Liver
Yang, C.Y.; Chen, J.B.; Tsai, T.F.; Tsai, Y.C.; Tsai, C.Y.; Liang, P.H.; Hsu, T.L.; Wu, C.Y.; Netea, M.G.; Wong, C.H.; Hsieh, S.L.
CLEC4F, a member of C-type lectin, was first purified from rat liver extract with high binding affinity to fucose, galactose (Gal), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), and un-sialylated glucosphingolipids with GalNAc or Gal terminus. However, the biological functions of CLEC4F have not been elucidated.
Numerical modelling of micro-machining of f.c.c. single crystal: Influence of strain gradients
Demiral, Murat
A micro-machining process becomes increasingly important with the continuous miniaturization of components used in various fields from military to civilian applications. To characterise underlying micromechanics, a 3D finite-element model of orthogonal micro-machining of f.c.c. single crystal copper was developed. The model was implemented in a commercial software ABAQUS/Explicit employing a user-defined subroutine VUMAT. Strain-gradient crystal-plasticity and conventional crystal-plasticity theories were used to demonstrate the influence of pre-existing and evolved strain gradients on the cutting process for different combinations of crystal orientations and cutting directions. Crown Copyright © 2014.
Standard cosmological evolution in the f(R) model to Kaluza-Klein cosmology
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Aghmohammadi, A; Abolhassani, M R [Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Saaidi, Kh; Vajdi, A [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran Ave., Sanandaj (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
In this paper, using f(R) theory of gravity we explicitly calculate cosmological evolution in the presence of a perfect fluid source in four- and five-dimensional space-time in which this cosmological evolution in self-creation is presented by Reddy et al (2009 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 48 10). An exact cosmological model is presented using a relation between Einstein's gravity field equation components due to a metric with the same component from f(R) theory of gravity. Some physics and kinematical properties of the model are also discussed.
46 CFR 154.610 - Design temperature not colder than 0 °C (32 °F).
... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Design temperature not colder than 0 °C (32 °F). 154..., Construction and Equipment Materials § 154.610 Design temperature not colder than 0 °C (32 °F). Materials for cargo tanks for a design temperature not colder than 0 °C (32 °F) must meet the following: (a) The...
Wind Turbine Generator System Safety and Function Test Report for the Ventera VT10 Wind Turbine
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Smith, J.; Huskey, A.; Jager, D.; Hur, J.
This report summarizes the results of a safety and function test that NREL conducted on the Ventera VT10 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commissions' (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator System Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed.2.0, 2006-03.
Wind Turbine Generator System Safety and Function Test Report for the Entegrity EW50 Wind Turbine
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Smith, J.; Huskey, A.; Jager, D.; Hur, J.
This report summarizes the results of a safety and function test that NREL conducted on the Entegrity EW50 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commissions' (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator System Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed.2.0, 2006-03.
High-resolution climate recorded in the δ 13 C of Porites lutea from Nansha Islands of China
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
A Porites lutea core from Yongshu Reef of Nansha Islands covering 50_year growth history is analyzed for carbon isotopic composition with monthly and seasonal resolution, and the results show that the coral δ 13 C generally has clear yearly cycles. The calibration indicates that the coral δ 13 C can record the sunshine duration, total cloud cast and rainfall of the Yongshu Reef, and it also shows significant association to El Nio events. From 1950 to 1999, the δ 13 C shows a clear long-term declining trend, which indicates a decrease in the sunshine duration and an increase in cloud cast and rainfall over Yongshu Reef over the past fifty years.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
McMahan, Kevin Weston; Dillard, Daniel Jackson
A turbine system is disclosed. The turbine system includes a transition duct having an inlet, an outlet, and a passage extending between the inlet and the outlet and defining a longitudinal axis, a radial axis, and a tangential axis. The outlet of the transition duct is offset from the inlet along the longitudinal axis and the tangential axis. The turbine system further includes a turbine section connected to the transition duct. The turbine section includes a plurality of shroud blocks at least partially defining a hot gas path, a plurality of buckets at least partially disposed in the hot gas path, and a plurality of nozzles at least partially disposed in the hot gas path. At least one of a shroud block, a bucket, or a nozzle includes means for withstanding high temperatures.
Effects of extrinsic point defects in phosphorene: B, C, N, O, and F adatoms
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Gaoxue, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Pandey, Ravindra, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931 (United States); Karna, Shashi P., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, ATTN: RDRL-WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005-5069 (United States)
Phosphorene is emerging as a promising 2D semiconducting material with a direct band gap and high carrier mobility. In this paper, we examine the role of the extrinsic point defects including surface adatoms in modifying the electronic properties of phosphorene using density functional theory. The surface adatoms considered are B, C, N, O, and F with a [He] core electronic configuration. Our calculations show that B and C, with electronegativity close to P, prefer to break the sp{sup 3} bonds of phosphorene and reside at the interstitial sites in the 2D lattice by forming sp{sup 2} like bonds with the native atoms. On the other hand, N, O, and F, which are more electronegative than P, prefer the surface sites by attracting the lone pairs of phosphorene. B, N, and F adsorption will also introduce local magnetic moment to the lattice. Moreover, B, C, N, and F adatoms will modify the band gap of phosphorene, yielding metallic transverse tunneling characters. Oxygen does not modify the band gap of phosphorene, and a diode like tunneling behavior is observed. Our results therefore offer a possible route to tailor the electronic and magnetic properties of phosphorene by the adatom functionalization and provide the physical insights of the environmental sensitivity of phosphorene, which will be helpful to experimentalists in evaluating the performance and aging effects of phosphorene-based electronic devices.
Industrial Advanced Turbine Systems Program overview
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Esbeck, D.W. [Solar Turbines Inc., San Diego, CA (United States)
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), in partnership with industry, has set new performance standards for industrial gas turbines through the creation of the Industrial Advanced Turbine System Program. Their leadership will lead to the development of an optimized, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly gas turbine power systems in this size class (3-to-20 MW). The DOE has already created a positive effect by encouraging gas turbine system manufacturers to reassess their product and technology plans using the new higher standards as the benchmark. Solar Turbines has been a leader in the industrial gas turbine business, and is delighted to have joined with the DOE in developing the goals and vision for this program. We welcome the opportunity to help the national goals of energy conservation and environmental enhancement. The results of this program should lead to the U.S. based gas turbine industry maintaining its international leadership and the creation of highly paid domestic jobs.
40 CFR Appendix D to Subpart F of... - Standards for Becoming a Certifying Program for Technicians
... identification cards, passports, and military identification. Certifying programs for Type I technicians using... score for the closed-book Type I, Type II, Type III and Universal certification test is 70 percent. For Type I certification tests using the mail-in format, passing score is 84 percent. f. Proof...
Search for Physics Beyond the Standard Model via Positron Polarization Measurements with Polarized $ ^{17} $F.
Versyck, S
This proposal aims at measuring the longitudinal polarization of positrons emitted from polarized $^{17} $F~nuclei. The experiment will have a comparable sensitivity to possible right-handed current contributions in the weak interaction as the experiment which was recently carried out with $ ^{107} $In in Louvain-la-Neuve, but will provide a more stringent limit due to the fact that, since $ ^{17} $F decays through a superallowed $\\beta$ -transition, the recoil-order corrections to the allowed approximation can be taken into account very precisely. Furthermore, because $ ^{17} $F decays via a mixed Fermi/Gamow-Teller $\\beta$ -transition, this experiment will also yield a new limit on possible scalar contributions to the weak interaction. While the $^{17}$F beam is being developed, part of the beamtime was used to perform a similar experiment with $^{118}$ Sb. As this isotope decays via a pure GT $\\beta$ -transition, this experiment will yield new limits on the possible presence of both right-handed and tensor...
Wear Behavior of Cold Pressed and Sintered Al2O3/TiC/CaF2Al2O3/TiC Laminated Ceramic Composite
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Xuefeng YANG; Jian CHENG; Peilong SONG; Shouren WANG; Liying YANG; Yanjun WANG; Ken MAO
A novel laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite was fabricated through cold pressing and sintering to achieve better anti-wear performance,such as low friction coefficient and low wear rate.Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 and Al2O3/TiC composites were alternatively built layer-by-layer to obtain a sandwich structure.Solid lubricant CaF2 was added evenly into the Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer to reduce the friction and wear.Al2O3/TiC ceramic was also cold pressed and sintered for comparison.Friction analysis of the two ceramics was then conducted via a wear-and-tear machine.Worn surface and surface compositions were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectrum,respectively.Results showed that the laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite has lower friction coefficient and lower wear rate than those of Al2O3/TiC ceramic alone because of the addition of CaF2 into the laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite.Under the friction load,the tiny CaF2 particles were scraped from the Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer and spread on friction pairs before falling off into micropits.This process formed a smooth,self-lubricating film,which led to better anti-wear properties.Adhesive wear is the main wear mechanism of Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer and abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism of Al2O3/TiC layer.
Comparison of 11C-PiB and 18F-florbetaben for Aβ imaging in ageing and Alzheimer's disease
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Amyloid imaging with 18F-labelled radiotracers will allow widespread use of this technique, facilitating research, diagnosis and therapeutic development for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this analysis was to compare data on cortical Aβ deposition in subjects who had undergone both 11C-PiB (PiB) and 18F-florbetaben (FBB) PET imaging. We identified ten healthy elderly controls (HC) and ten patients with AD who had undergone PET imaging after intravenous injection of 370 MBq of PiB and 300 MBq of FBB under separate research protocols. PiB and FBB images were coregistered so that placement of regions of interest was identical on both scans and standard uptake value ratios (SUVR) using the cerebellar cortex as reference region were calculated between 40 and 70 min and between 90 and 110 min after injection for PiB and FBB, respectively. Significantly higher SUVR values (p 18F radiotracer for imaging AD pathology in vivo. (orig.)
Volcanic history and 40Ar/39Ar and 14C geochronology of Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal
Calvert, A.T.; Moore, R.B.; McGeehin, J.P.; Rodrigues da Silva, A.M.
Seven new 40Ar/39Ar and 23 new radiocarbon ages of eruptive units, in support of new geologic mapping, improve the known chronology of Middle to Late Pleistocene and Holocene volcanic activity on the island of Terceira, Azores and define an east-to-west progression in stratovolcano growth. The argon ages indicate that Cinco Picos Volcano, the oldest on Terceira, completed its main subaerial cone building activity by about 370-380??ka. Collapse of the upper part of the stratovolcanic edifice to form a 7 ?? 9??km caldera occurred some time after 370??ka. Postcaldera eruptions of basalt from cinder cones on and near the caldera floor and trachytic pyroclastic flow and pumice fall deposits from younger volcanoes west of Cinco Picos have refilled much of the caldera. The southern portion of Guilherme Moniz Volcano, in the central part of the island, began erupting prior to 270??ka and produced trachyte domes, flows, and minor pyroclastic deposits until at least 111??ka. The northern part of Guilherme Moniz Caldera is less well exposed than the southern part, but reflects a similar age range. The northwest portion of the caldera was formed sometime after 44??ka. Several well-studied ignimbrites that blanket much of the island likely erupted from Guilherme Moniz Volcano. The Pico Alto Volcanic Center, a tightly spaced cluster of trachyte domes and short flows, is a younger part of Guilherme Moniz Volcano. Stratigraphic studies and our new radiocarbon ages suggest that most of the Pico Alto eruptions occurred during the period from about 9000 to 1000??years BP. Santa Barbara Volcano is the youngest stratovolcano on Terceira, began erupting prior to 29??ka, and has been active historically. ?? 2006.
Rekonfigurationstechniken und Anwendungsgebiete für ein programmierbares Gm-C Analog-Filter
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
J. Becker
Full Text Available FPAAs (Field Programmable Analog Arrays erlauben es, analoge Signalübertragungsfunktionen auf Hardware abzubilden, die von veränderbaren digitalen Konfigurationsdaten abhängen. Sowohl für das Design von Filterstrukturen auf Systemebene als auch für die genaue Simulation ihrer analogen Übertragungsfunktion auf Transistorebene ist es dabei notwendig, die entsprechenden Konfigurationsdaten einzugeben bevor die Phasen/Betragsanalyse durchgeführt werden kann. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein graphisches Entwurfsprogramm zur Instantiierung von analogen Filtern für ein FPAA mit 17 gm-C Blöcken vor. Es wird über erste Simulationsergebnisse berichtet, die die Machbarkeit mit Eckfrequenzen bis zu hundert Mhz bestätigen. Simulierte Übertragungsfunktionen von grundlegenden Bausteinen werden mit der Theorie verglichen und zu einer exemplarischen Instantiierung eines Butterworth-Filters der vierten Ordnung weitergeführt.
Carbon nanoscroll from C4H/C4F-type graphene superlattice: MD and MM simulation insights.
Liu, Zilong; Xue, Qingzhong; Tao, Yehan; Li, Xiaofang; Wu, Tiantian; Jin, Yakang; Zhang, Zhongyang
Morphology manipulation opens up a new avenue for controlling and tailoring the functional properties of graphene, enabling the exploration of graphene-based nanomaterials. Through mixing single-side-hydrogenated graphene (C4H) with fluorinated graphene (C4F) on one single sheet, the C4H/C4F-type graphene superlattices can self-scroll at room temperature. We demonstrate using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations that different proportions, sizes, directions of hydrogenation and fluorination, and geometry of graphene have a great influence on the self-scrolling of superlattices into a variety of well-defined carbon nanoscrolls (CNSs), thus providing a controllable approach to tune their structures. Based on molecular mechanics (MM) simulations, the CNSs bear more than eight times the radial pressure than that of their multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) counterparts, and an excellent radial elasticity of CNSs is also shown. Compared with conventional CNSs, these novel CNSs are endowed with more ample and flexible heterogeneous structures due to the on-demand hydrogenation and fluorination. Besides, this work provides a feasible route to achieve the necessary electronic and optical changes to be applied in graphene device applications.
Kinematic viscosity and speed of sound in gaseous CO, CO2, SiF4, SF6, C4F8, and NH3 from 220 K to 375 K and pressures up to 3.4 MPa
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An acoustic Greenspan viscometer was used to measure the kinematic viscosity and speed of sound in the gases: CO, CO2, SiF4, SF6, C4F8, and NH3. The measurements cover the temperature range 220 K to 375 K, and pressures up to 3.4 MPa or 80% of the saturation pressure. The viscometer was calibrated at 298.16 K using five reference gases, Ar, He, N2, CH4, and C3H8, for which the viscosity and the speed of sound are known. With this calibration, we estimated the relative standard uncertainty of the kinematic viscosity ur(η/ρ) = 0.006 and the uncertainty of speed of sound ur(c) = 0.0001, except for very low pressures where the signal-to-noise ratio deteriorates and quality factor for the Helmholtz mode is ≤20
Scientific and regulatory standards for assessing product performance using the similarity factor, f2.
Stevens, Ruth E; Gray, Vivian; Dorantes, Angelica; Gold, Lynn; Pham, Loan
The similarity factor, f2, measures the sameness of dissolution profiles. The following commentary is an overview of discussions and presentations from a group of industry and US regulatory experts that have integrated the science and regulatory research and practice for assessing product performance, particularly for modified-release (MR) dosage forms, using f2. For a drug development sponsor or applicant with an orally complex dosage formulation, it is critical to understand dissolution methods and the similarity factor and how and/or when to apply it in their NDA, ANDA, or PMA submission. As part of any regulatory submission, it is critical to justify that the product performance has not been impacted by any change in the manufacturing process and/or the delayed and/or prolonged drug release characteristics compared to a similar conventional or another orally complex dosage form. The purposes of this document are (1) to provide a description of appropriate dissolution methods, how is the f2 calculated and how it can be used to justify product performance similarity, or not; (2) to provide an overview of alternative methods available for dissolution profile comparisons, and (3) to illustrate how applying these concepts in a focused way supports approval of submissions and regulatory dossiers and aligns them with on-going science and regulatory initiatives. A case study will be used as an example to demonstrate how dissolution testing and the f2 calculation results can impact regulatory outcomes from an NDA (505(b)(1)), NDA (505(b)(2)), ANDA (505(j)), supplemental NDAs/ANDAs, or PMA perspective.
Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz an deutschen Bibliotheken : Standards der Informationskompetenz für Studierende
Netzwerk Informationskompetenz Baden-Württemberg
Informationskompetenz ist eine berufs- und fachübergreifende Schlüsselqualifikation. Sie bildet die Grundlage zur selbständigen und effizienten Informationsgewinnung und -bewertung. Damit ist Informationskompetenz eine wichtige Voraussetzung für ein erfolgreiches Studium und lebenslanges Lernen. Der Begriff Informationskompetenz umfasst umfangreiche und komplexe Qualifikationen, deren Vermittlung sehr aufwändig ist. Angesichts der Dynamik und des steigenden Umfangs an Informationsangebote...
Razões para a falta de rendimento esportivo do Comercial F.C. Reasons for the lack of sports performance of Comercial F.C.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cesar Machado Carvalho
Full Text Available The international football, according to the report of the Plan for Modernization of the Brazilian Football FGV (2000 annual turnover of approximately $ 250 billion, while Brazil represents only 1% of the total. The Commercial F. C. headquartered in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP, had its poly auctioned sports stadium partially forbidden for 23 years and not disputed the series A1, A3series being relegated to the Campeonato Paulista in 2009. This study aimed to identify those factors that hinder sports performance of the Commercial F. C., to do so, we studied its history, its relations with the government and legislation, market performance, partnerships established, administrative structures and results in the tournaments played between 2007 and 2008 to discuss their management problems. The methods used were research-explanatory and qualitative semi-structured interview to build a case study. We conclude that the gap between the formal structure and practice of members of the answers as a key element in the absence of the club's sports performance. O futebol internacional, segundo o relatório do Plano de Modernização do Futebol Brasileiro da FGV (2000, movimenta anualmente cerca de 250 bilhões de dólares, sendo que o Brasil participa com apenas 1% desse total. O Comercial F. C., sediado na Cidade de Ribeirão Preto (SP, teve seu poliesportivo leiloado, estádio parcialmente interditado, e, há 23 anos, não disputava a série A1, sendo rebaixado para série A3 no Campeonato Paulista, em 2009. Este trabalho buscou identificar quais são os fatores que dificultam o rendimento esportivo do Comercial F. C., para tanto, foi estudada sua história, suas relações com o governo, sua legislação, seu mercado de atuação, suas parcerias realizadas, suas estruturas administrativas e seus resultados nos campeonatos disputados entre 2007 e 2008, a fim de discorrer
基于C8051F040单片机的伺服系统设计%Design of Servo System Based on C8051F040
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
78 FR 59984 - Submission for Review: Information Collection 3206-NEW; Standard Form 86 Certification (SF 86C)
... MANAGEMENT Submission for Review: Information Collection 3206-NEW; Standard Form 86 Certification (SF 86C...), Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Control No. 3206- NEW, for Standard Form 86 Certification (SF 86C... information, Standard Form 86 Certification (SF 86C). The SF 86C is an information collection completed...
Leonardsenite, MgAlF5(H2O)(2), a new mineral species from Eldfell Volcano, Heimaey Island, Iceland
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mitolo, Donatella; Garavelli, Anna; Zunic, Tonci Balic;
Leonardsenite (IMA2011-059), with ideal formula MgAlF5(H2O)(2), is a new fumarole mineral from Eldfell volcano, Iceland. It has also been found in volcanic encrustations from the Hekla crater, Iceland. The mineral forms a soft and friable mass of white crystals up to 20 mu m in length. The streak...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Farahan, E.; Eudaly, J.P.
This evaluation provides performance and cost data for commercially available simple- and regenerative-cycle gas turbines. Intercooled, reheat, and compound cycles are discussed from theoretical basis only, because actual units are not currently available, except on a special-order basis. Performance characteristics investigated include unit efficiency at full-load and off-design conditions, and at rated capacity. Costs are tabulated for both simple- and regenerative-cycle gas turbines. The output capacity of the gas turbines investigated ranges from 80 to 134,000 hp for simple units and from 12,000 to 50,000 hp for regenerative units.
Comparison of qualitative and quantitative imaging characteristics of [11C]PiB and [18F]flutemetamol in normal control and Alzheimer's subjects
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
James M. Mountz
Conclusions: [11C]PiB and [18F]flutemetamol have similar retention characteristics across a range of amyloid negative to positive subjects. Both tracers performed similarly when a standardized visual read technique was used to classify scans as amyloid-positive or amyloid-negative and correlated well with SUVR classifications. However, care in visual interpretation of amyloid positive versus amyloid negative regions should be taken, particularly in the case of [18F]flutemetamol when considering cortical vs. white-matter retention.
Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-2L C3F8 Bubble Chamber
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Amole, C.; Ardid, M.; Asner, David M.; Baxter, D.; Behnke, E.; Bhattacharjee, P. S.; Borsodi, H.; Bou-Cabo, M.; Brice, S. J.; Broemmelsiek, D.; Clark, K.; Collar, J. I.; Cooper, P. S.; Crisler, M.; Dahl, C. E.; Daley, S.; Das, Madhusmita; Debris, F.; Dhungana, N.; Farine, J.; Felis, I.; Filgas, R.; Fines-Neuschild, M.; Girard, Francoise; Giroux, G.; Hai, M.; Hall, Jeter C.; Harris, O.; Jackson, C. M.; Jin, M.; Krauss, C. B.; Lafreniere, M.; Laurin, M.; Lawson, I.; Levine, I.; Lippincott, W. H.; Mann, E.; Martin, J. P.; Maurya, D.; Mitra, Pitam; Neilson, R.; Noble, A. J.; Plante, A.; Podviianiuk, R. B.; Priya, S.; Robinson, A. E.; Ruschman, M.; Scallon, O.; Seth, S.; Sonnenschein, Andrew; Starinski, N.; Stekl, I.; Vazquez-Jauregui, E.; Wells, J.; Wichoski, U.; Zacek, V.; Zhang, J.
New data are reported from the operation of a 2-liter C3F8 bubble chamber in the 2100 meter deep SNOLAB underground laboratory, with a total exposure of 211.5 kg-days at four different recoil energy thresholds ranging from 3.2 keV to 8.1 keV. These data show that C3F8 provides excellent electron recoil and alpha rejection capabilities at very low thresholds, including the rst observation of a dependence of acoustic signal on alpha energy. Twelve single nuclear recoil event candidates were observed during the run. The candidate events exhibit timing characteristics that are not consistent with the hypothesis of a uniform time distribution, and no evidence for a dark matter signal is claimed. These data provide the most sensitive direct detection constraints on WIMP-proton spin-dependent scattering to date, with signicant sensitivity at low WIMP masses for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering.
Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-2L C$_3$F$_8$ Bubble Chamber
Amole, C; Asner, D M; Baxter, D; Behnke, E; Bhattacharjee, P; Borsodi, H; Bou-Cabo, M; Brice, S J; Broemmelsiek, D; Clark, K; Collar, J I; Cooper, P S; Crisler, M; Dahl, C E; Daley, S; Das, M; Debris, F; Dhungana, N; Farine, J; Felis, I; Filgas, R; Fines-Neuschild, M; Girard, F; Giroux, G; Hai, M; Hall, J; Harris, O; Jackson, C M; Jin, M; Krauss, C B; Lafrenière, M; Laurin, M; Lawson, I; Levine, I; Lippincott, W H; Mann, E; Martin, J P; Maurya, D; Mitra, P; Neilson, R; Noble, A J; Plante, A; Podviianiuk, R B; Priya, S; Robinson, A E; Ruschman, M; Scallon, O; Seth, S; Sonnenschein, A; Starinski, N; Štekl, I; Vàzquez-Jaùregui, E; Wells, J; Wichoski, U; Zacek, V; Zhang, J
New data are reported from the operation of a 2-liter C$_3$F$_8$ bubble chamber in the 2100 meter deep SNOLAB underground laboratory, with a total exposure of 211.5 kg-days at four different recoil energy thresholds ranging from 3.2 keV to 8.1 keV. These data show that C3F8 provides excellent electron recoil and alpha rejection capabilities at very low thresholds, including the first observation of a dependence of acoustic signal on alpha energy. Twelve single nuclear recoil event candidates were observed during the run. The candidate events exhibit timing characteristics that are not consistent with the hypothesis of a uniform time distribution, and no evidence for a dark matter signal is claimed. These data provide the most sensitive direct detection constraints on WIMP-proton spin-dependent scattering to date, with significant sensitivity at low WIMP masses for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering.
Steam turbine materials and corrosion
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Holcomb, G.R.; Ziomek-Moroz, M.
Ultra supercritical (USC) power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions. Current goals of the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Power Systems Initiatives include coal generation at 60% efficiency, which would require steam temperatures of up to 760°C. This research examines the steamside oxidation of alloys for use in USC systems, with emphasis placed on applications in high- and intermediate-pressure turbines. The list of alloys being examined is discussed, including the addition of new alloys to the study. These include alloy 625, selected because of its use as one of the two alloys used for turbine rotors, valves, casings, blading and bolts in the European AD700 full-scale demonstration plant (Scholven Unit F). The other alloy, alloy 617, is already one of the alloys currently being examined by this project. Other new alloys to the study are the three round robin alloys in the UK-US collaboration: alloys 740, TP347HFG, and T92. Progress on the project is presented on cyclic oxidation in 50% air – 50% water vapor, furnace exposures in moist air, and thermogravimetric analysis in argon with oxygen saturated steam. An update on the progress towards obtaining an apparatus for high pressure exposures is given.
The DOE Next-Generation Drivetrain for Wind Turbine Applications: Gearbox, Generator, and Advanced Si/SiC Hybrid Inverter System: Preprint
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Erdman, William; Keller, Jonathan
This paper reports on the design and testing results from the U.S. Department of Energy Next-Generation Wind Turbine Drivetrain Project. The drivetrain design reduces the cost of energy by increasing energy capture through drivetrain efficiency improvements; by reducing operation and maintenance costs through reducing gearbox failures; and by lowering capital costs through weight reduction and a series of mechanical and electronic innovations. The paper provides an overview of the drivetrain gearbox and generator and provides a deeper look into the power converter system. The power converter has a number of innovations including the use of hybrid silicon (Si)/silicon carbide (SiC) isolated baseplate switching modules. Switching energies are compared between SiC and Si PIN diodes. The efficiency improvement by use of the SiC diode in a three-level converter is also described. Finally, a brief discussion covering utility interconnect requirements for turbines is provided with a particular focus on utility events that lead to high transient torque loads on drivetrain mechanical elements.
Bond between concrete and steel reinforcement at temperatures to 1490C (3000F)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducted a series of bond pull-out tests to determine the effect of elevated temperatures [ranging from 24 to 1490C (75 to 3000F)] on the bond strength between concrete and deformed steel reinforcement. This report summarizes the findings of the study, describes the tests and results, and offers recommendations for incorporating these results into the design of structures that must operate within the prescribed range of elevated temperatures
[Design of a bowel sounds acquisition system based on C8051F340 MCU].
Zhang, He-Hua; Wu, Bao-Ming; Zhuo, Yu; Zhang, Lian-Yang; Wang, Xi-Long
This paper introduces an eight channels dada acquisition system. A peripheral circuit based on C8051F340 MCU has been designed and its USB controller is used to transfer data, which realizes real-time detection, display and storage of bowel sounds. The system has many advantages such as high precision and stable performance, and thus provides a new means for the bowel sounds study.
Perforin- and Granzyme-Mediated Cytotoxic Effector Functions Are Essential for Protection against Francisella tularensis following Vaccination by the Defined F. tularensis subsp. novicida ΔfopC Vaccine Strain
Sanapala, Shilpa; Yu, Jieh-Juen; Murthy, Ashlesh K.; Li, Weidang; Guentzel, M. Neal; Chambers, James P.; Klose, Karl E.
A licensed vaccine against Francisella tularensis is currently not available. Two Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida (herein referred to by its earlier name, Francisella novicida) attenuated strains, the ΔiglB and ΔfopC strains, have previously been evaluated as potential vaccine candidates against pneumonic tularemia in experimental animals. F. novicida ΔiglB, a Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) mutant, is deficient in phagosomal escape and intracellular growth, whereas F. novicida ΔfopC, lacking the outer membrane lipoprotein FopC, which is required for evasion of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-mediated signaling, is able to escape and replicate in the cytosol. To dissect the difference in protective immune mechanisms conferred by these two vaccine strains, we examined the efficacy of the F. novicida ΔiglB and ΔfopC mutants against pulmonary live-vaccine-strain (LVS) challenge and found that both strains provided comparable protection in wild-type, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) knockout, and MHC II knockout mice. However, F. novicida ΔfopC-vaccinated but not F. novicida ΔiglB-vaccinated perforin-deficient mice were more susceptible and exhibited greater bacterial burdens than similarly vaccinated wild-type mice. Moreover, perforin produced by natural killer (NK) cells and release of granzyme contributed to inhibition of LVS replication within macrophages. This NK cell-mediated LVS inhibition was enhanced with anti-F. novicida ΔfopC immune serum, suggesting antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in F. novicida ΔfopC-mediated protection. Overall, this study provides additional immunological insight into the basis for protection conferred by live attenuated F. novicida strains with different phenotypes and supports further investigation of this organism as a vaccine platform for tularemia. PMID:22493083
Elucidating the trophodynamics of four coral reef fishes of the Solomon Islands using δ15N and δ13C
Greenwood, N. D. W.; Sweeting, C. J.; Polunin, N. V. C.
Size-related diet shifts are important characteristics of fish trophodynamics. Here, body size-related changes in muscle δ15N and δ13C of four coral reef fishes, Acanthurus nigrofuscus (herbivore), Chaetodon lunulatus (corallivore) , Chromis xanthura (planktivore) and Plectropomus leopardus (piscivore) were investigated at two locations in the Solomon Islands. All four species occupied distinct isotopic niches and the concurrent δ13C' values of C. xanthura and P. leopardus suggested a common planktonic production source. Size-related shifts in δ15N, and thus trophic level, were observed in C. xanthura, C. lunulatus and P. leopardus, and these trends varied between location, indicating spatial differences in trophic ecology. A literature review of tropical fishes revealed that positive δ15N-size trends are common while negative δ15N-size trends are rare. Size-δ15N trends fall into approximately equal groups representing size-based feeding within a food chain, and that associated with a basal resource shift and occurs in conjunction with changes in production source, indicated by δ13C. The review also revealed large scale differences in isotope-size trends and this, combined with small scale location differences noted earlier, highlights a high degree of plasticity in the reef fishes studied. This suggests that trophic size analysis of reef fishes would provide a productive avenue to identify species potentially vulnerable to reef impacts as a result of constrained trophic behaviour.
Recrystallization as a controlling process in the wear of some f.c.c. metals
Bill, R. C.; Wisander, D.
Detailed examination of copper specimens after sliding against 440 C steel in liquid methane at speeds up to 25 m/s and loads of up to 2 kg showed the metal comprising the wear surface to possess a fine cell recrystallized structure. Wear proceeded by the plastic shearing of metal in this near surface region without the occurrence of visible metal transfer. A dynamic balance between the intense shear process at the surface and the nucleation of recrystallized grains was proposed to account for the behavior of the metal at the wear surface. Sliding wear experiments were also conducted on Ag, Cu-10% Al, Cu-10% Sn, Ni and Al. It was found that low wear and the absence of heavy metal transfer were associated with those metals observed to undergo recrystallization nucleation without prior recovery.
Scleral depressed vitreous shaving, 360 laser, and perfluoropropane (C 3 F 8 for retinal detachment
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vivek Chaturvedi
Full Text Available Purpose : To review the characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV with scleral depressed vitreous shaving, 360 degree peripheral endolaser, and 14% C3F8 gas for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD. Materials and Methods : A retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients who underwent primary repair of RRD by PPV with scleral depressed vitreous shaving, 360 degree peripheral endolaser, and 14% perfluoropropane (C 3 F 8 was conducted. Patients with less than 3 months follow-up, previous retinal surgery, and higher than grade B proliferative vitreoretinopathy were excluded. Results : Ninety-one eyes were included in the study. The mean age was 60.1 years. The mean follow-up was 13.7 months. The macula was detached in 63% (58/91 of the eyes. The reattachment rate after one surgical procedure was 95% (86/91 while overall reattachment rate was 100%. There was no statistically significant difference between reattachment rates of superior, nasal/temporal, or inferior RRDs. The mean final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA was 20/40. Of all the patients, 66% of patients with macula-off RRDs had a final BCVA of 20/40 or better. Conclusions: PPV with scleral depressed vitreous shaving, 360 degree peripheral endolaser, and 14% C 3 F 8 leads to successful anatomical reattachment with visual improvement in patients with primary RRD.
Dark Matter Limits From a 2L C3F8 Filled Bubble Chamber
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Robinson, Alan Edward [Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
The PICO-2L C3F8 bubble chamber search forWeakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter was operated in the SNOLAB underground laboratory at the same location as the previous CF3I lled COUPP-4kg detector. Neutron calibrations using photoneutron sources in C3F8 and CF3I lled calibration bubble chambers were performed to verify the sensitivity of these target uids to dark matter scattering. This data was combined with similar measurements using a low-energy neutron beam at the University of Montreal and in situ calibrations of the PICO-2L and COUPP-4kg detectors. C3F8 provides much greater sensitivity to WIMP-proton scattering than CF3I in bubble chamber detectors. PICO-2L searched for dark matter recoils with energy thresholds below 10 keV. Radiopurity assays of detector materials were performed and the expected neutron recoil background was evaluated to be 1.6+0:3
Ultraviolet photodissociation of C2F5I with a small and simple photofragment translational spectrometer.
Yu, Zijun; Xu, Xiling; Cheng, Min; Yu, Dan; Du, Yikui; Zhu, Qihe
Photodissociation dynamics of C(2)F(5)I near 280 and 304 nm has been investigated on a small and simple time-of-flight photofragment translational spectrometer (PTS). On this new PTS, the photolyzed and ionized fragments, not accelerated by electric field, travel freely for a short flight path (CF(2) wag mode (nu(11)=366 cm(-1)) of C(2)F(5) photofragment. The fraction of the available energy disposed into the internal energy is higher than 50% for both I(*) channel and I channel, showing the high excitation of vibration in the C(2)F(5) fragments. The fragment recoil anisotropy parameter beta(I(*)), determined to be 1.70 at 281.73 nm and 1.64 at 304.02 nm, reveals that I(*) atoms are produced predominantly from the parallel (3)Q(0) bending" mode on alpha-carbon of alkyl iodides is the preferential vibrational excitation mode, which can be explained by the classic impulsive model. PMID:19655883
Subchronic toxicity of triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride in B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats.
Greenman, D L; Morrissey, R L; Blakemore, W; Crowell, J; Siitonen, P; Felton, P; Allen, R; Cronin, G
Triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride (trien-2HCl; CAS No. 38260-01-04), a chelating agent used to treat Wilson's disease patients who are intolerant of the drug of choice, was tested for subchronic toxicity in B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats. Mice and rats received trien-2HCl in the drinking water at concentrations of 0, 120, 600, or 3000 ppm for up to 92 days. Twenty mice and 18 rats of each sex were assigned to each dose group fed either a cereal-based (NIH-31) or a purified (AIN-76A) diet, both containing nutritionally adequate levels of copper. An additional control group of rats and mice received a Cu-deficient AIN-76A diet. This low copper diet resulted in Cu-deficiency symptoms, such as anemia, liver periportal cytomegaly, pancreatic atrophy and multifocal necrosis, spleen hematopoietic cell proliferation, and increased heart weight, together with undetectable levels of plasma copper in rats but not in mice. Trien-2HCl lowered plasma copper levels some-what (at 600 and 3000 ppm) in rats fed the AIN-76A diet, but did not induce the usual signs of copper deficiency. Trien-2HCl caused an increased frequency of uterine dilatation at 3000 ppm in rats fed AIN-76A diet that was not noted in females fed the Cu-deficient diet. Trien-2HCl toxicity occurred only in mice in the highest dose group fed an AIN-76A diet. Increased frequencies of inflammation of the lung interstitium and liver periportal fatty infiltration were seen in both sexes, and hematopoietic cell proliferation was seen in the spleen of males. Kidney and body weights were reduced in males as was the incidence of renal cytoplasmic vacuolization. There were no signs of copper deficiency in mice exposed to trien-2HCl. The only effect of trien-2HCl in animals fed the NIH-31 diet was a reduced liver copper level in both rat sexes, noted at 3000 ppm.
Synthetic studies on maitotoxin. 1. Stereoselective synthesis of the C'D'E'F'-ring system having a side chain.
Morita, Masayuki; Ishiyama, Seishi; Koshino, Hiroyuki; Nakata, Tadashi
The stereoselective synthesis of the maitotoxin C'D'E'F'-ring system having a side chain has been accomplished through a convergent strategy. The key reactions include Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons coupling of the C'D'E'-ring and the side chain and subsequent construction of the F'-ring by silane reduction of dihydropyran.
CP Violation study in the process e+e- yields J/PSI yields {lambda} {lambda}- yields {rho} {rho}- {pi}+{pi}- at the {tau} c F; Violacion de cp en el proceso e+e- campo J/PSI campo rho rho- pi+pi- en la tau c F
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gonzalez, E.
The reasons for the search of CP violation in hyperon decays are briefly described reviewing the observables experimentally used both in {ital p{anti p}}and in e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} machines. The expected rates of {Lambda}{anti {Lambda}}events produced in the {ital J}{psi} resonance at the {tau} c F are presented, showing the possibility of reaching the level of sensitivity at which CP violation effects may occur, according to the STANDARD MODEL. Some considerations for the design of the {tau} c F accelerator and detector are presented. (author)
Real-time Operating System μC/OS-Ⅱ Based on C8051F040 of Transplantation%基于C8051F040的实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的移植
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
朱光远; 徐海贤
Real time operating system μC/OS-Ⅱ can run on most 8 bit,16 bit,32 bit and 64 bit microprocessor,microcontrol er.This paper expounds the method of the μC/OS-Ⅱ transplantation to microcontrol er C8051F040,and through a simple test program to check the correctness of transplantation and running stability.%实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ可以在绝大多数8位、16位、32位及64位微处理器、微控制器上运行。阐述了μC/OS-Ⅱ移植到微控制器C8051F040上的方法,并通过编写简单测试程序来检验移植的正确性及运行的稳定性。
A comparison of U/Th and rapid-screen 14C dates from Line Island fossil corals
Grothe, Pamela R.; Cobb, Kim M.; Bush, Shari L.; Cheng, Hai; Santos, Guaciara M.; Southon, John R.; Lawrence Edwards, R.; Deocampo, Daniel M.; Sayani, Hussein R.
Time-consuming and expensive radiometric dating techniques limit the number of dates available to construct absolute chronologies for high-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions. A recently developed rapid-screen 14C dating technique reduces sample preparation time and per sample costs by 90%, but its accuracy has not yet been tested on shallow-water corals. In this study, we test the rapid-screen 14C dating technique on shallow-water corals by comparing 44 rapid-screen 14C dates to both high-precision 14C dates and U/Th dates from mid- to late-Holocene fossil corals collected from the central tropical Pacific (2-4°N, 157-160°W). Our results show that 42 rapid-screen 14C and U/Th dates agree within uncertainties, confirming closed-system behavior and ensuring chronological accuracy. However, two samples that grew ˜6500 years ago have calibrated 14C ages ˜1000 years younger than the corresponding U/Th ages, consistent with diagenetic alteration as indicated by the presence of 15-23% calcite. Mass balance calculations confirm that the observed dating discrepancies are consistent with 14C addition and U removal, both of which occur during diagenetic calcite recrystallization. Under the assumption that aragonite-to-calcite replacement is linear through time, we estimate the samples' true ages using the measured 14C and U/Th dates and percent calcite values. Results illustrate that the rapid-screen 14C dates of Holocene-aged fossil corals are accurate for samples with less than 2% calcite. Application of this rapid-screen 14C method to the fossil coral rubble fields from Kiritimati Island reveal significant chronological clustering of fossil coral across the landscape, with older ages farther from the water's edge.
Zhang, Zhengji
This book concerns the theoretical foundations of hydromechanics of Pelton turbines from the engineering viewpoint. For reference purposes, all relevant flow processes and hydraulic aspects in a Pelton turbine have been analyzed completely and systematically. The analyses especially include the quantification of all possible losses existing in the Pelton turbine and the indication of most available potential for further enhancing the system efficiency. As a guideline the book therefore supports further developments of Pelton turbines with regard to their hydraulic designs and optimizations. It is thus suitable for the development and design engineers as well as those working in the field of turbo machinery. Many laws described in the book can also be directly used to simplify aspects of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or to develop new computational methods. The well-executed examples help better understand the related flow mechanics.
20 CFR Appendix C to Part 614 - Standard for Fraud and Overpayment Detection
... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Standard for Fraud and Overpayment Detection C Appendix C to Part 614 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... State). The benefit fraud referred to herein may involve employers, agency employees, and witnesses,...
Synthesis of tailored 2D SiC f/SiC ceramic matrix composites with BN/C interphase through ICVI
Udayakumar, A.; Raole, P. M.; Balasubramanian, M.
Synthesis of 2D SiC f /SiC composites for applications in fusion reactors is a challenging task due to the stringent specification requirements on various mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties, chemical compatibility (with Pb-Li), oxidation resistance and irradiation resistance. Three types of SiC f/SiC composites with C interface and BN interface, with and without intermediate heat treatment are prepared through isothermal and isobaric chemical vapor infiltration process. Dense SiC seal coat applied to the composites has improved their oxidation resistance. The tensile, flexural and fracture toughness values of composite with BN interface were found to be improved by stabilizing the BN interface through thermal treatment. The electrical and thermal conductivity values obtained for composites with C interface are in the range of 10-29 S/m and 2.5-3.25 W/mK for the temperature range 500-900 °C as required for fusion reactor applications.
IRMS detection of testosterone manipulated with 13C labeled standards in human urine by removing the labeled 13C
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Highlights: • 13C labeled testosterone can be used to adjust the isotope ratio of testosterone. • The novel testosterone cannot be detected by the regular IRMS method in doping test. • A method was explored to remove the labeled 13C. • The established method can be used to detect the manipulated testosterone. - Abstract: Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is applied to confirm testosterone (T) abuse by determining the carbon isotope ratios (δ13C value). However, 13C labeled standards can be used to control the δ13C value and produce manipulated T which cannot be detected by the current method. A method was explored to remove the 13C labeled atom at C-3 from the molecule of androsterone (Andro), the metabolite of T in urine, to produce the resultant (A-nor-5α-androstane-2,17-dione, ANAD). The difference in δ13C values between Andro and ANAD (Δδ13CAndro–ANAD, ‰) would change significantly in case manipulated T is abused. Twenty-one volunteers administered T manipulated with different 13C labeled standards. The collected urine samples were analyzed with the established method, and the maximum value of Δδ13CAndro–ANAD post ingestion ranged from 3.0‰ to 8.8‰. Based on the population reference, the cut-off value of Δδ13CAndro–ANAD for positive result was suggested as 1.2‰. The developed method could be used to detect T manipulated with 3-13C labeled standards
Vališ, Petr
The master´s thesis concentrates on a project of steam turbine with controlled extraction points destined for a communal waste incineration plant. First, there the history of devices using steam as a moving medium is introduced and than follows the description of computing program, where the calculation was running. The master´s thesis subject consists in the thermodynamic project of turbine vaning, in basic project of gearbox including the check calculations and in technical economic compari...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yeoman, J.C. Jr.
This evaluation of wind turbines is part of a series of Technology Evaluations of possible components and subsystems of community energy systems. Wind turbines, ranging in size from 200 W to 10 MW, are discussed as candidates for prime movers in community systems. Estimates of performance characteristics and cost as a function of rated capacity and rated wind speed are presented. Data concerning material requirements, environmental effects, and operating procedures also are given and are represented empirically to aid computer simulation.
Development of ASTM Standard for SiC-SiC Joint Testing Final Scientific/Technical Report
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Jacobsen, George [General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States); Back, Christina [General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
As the nuclear industry moves to advanced ceramic based materials for cladding and core structural materials for a variety of advanced reactors, new standards and test methods are required for material development and licensing purposes. For example, General Atomics (GA) is actively developing silicon carbide (SiC) based composite cladding (SiC-SiC) for its Energy Multiplier Module (EM2), a high efficiency gas cooled fast reactor. Through DOE funding via the advanced reactor concept program, GA developed a new test method for the nominal joint strength of an endplug sealed to advanced ceramic tubes, Fig. 1-1, at ambient and elevated temperatures called the endplug pushout (EPPO) test. This test utilizes widely available universal mechanical testers coupled with clam shell heaters, and specimen size is relatively small, making it a viable post irradiation test method. The culmination of this effort was a draft of an ASTM test standard that will be submitted for approval to the ASTM C28 ceramic committee. Once the standard has been vetted by the ceramics test community, an industry wide standard methodology to test joined tubular ceramic components will be available for the entire nuclear materials community.
Comparison of temperature standards. 800 deg C to 1500 deg C (radiation pyrometers). Pt. 2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A comparison between implementations of the temperature scale (IPTS-68) between 800 deg C to 1500 deg C was made at the Department of Physics and Metrology at INTI, using pyrometric lamps with a tungsten filament which were calibrated at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The purpose of this analysis was the detection of possible systematic errors as well as the evaluation of the uncertainty limit. (Author)
Amyloid imaging in cognitively normal older adults: comparison between {sup 18}F-flutemetamol and {sup 11}C-Pittsburgh compound B
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Adamczuk, Katarzyna; Schaeverbeke, Jolien; Neyens, Veerle; Dupont, Patrick [KU Leuven, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven (Belgium); Leuven Institute of Neuroscience and Disease, Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven (Belgium); Nelissen, Natalie [KU Leuven, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven (Belgium); Oxford University, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford (United Kingdom); Vandenbulcke, Mathieu [University Hospitals Leuven, Old Age Psychiatry Department, Leuven (Belgium); Goffin, Karolien [KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Leuven (Belgium); Lilja, Johan [GE Healthcare, Uppsala (Sweden); Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala (Sweden); Hilven, Kelly [KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Leuven (Belgium); Laere, Koen van [Leuven Institute of Neuroscience and Disease, Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven (Belgium); KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Leuven (Belgium); Vandenberghe, Rik [KU Leuven, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven (Belgium); Leuven Institute of Neuroscience and Disease, Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven (Belgium); University Hospitals Leuven, Neurology Department, Leuven (Belgium)
Preclinical, or asymptomatic, Alzheimer's disease (AD) refers to the presence of positive AD biomarkers in the absence of cognitive deficits. This research concept is being applied to define target populations for clinical drug development. In a prospective community-recruited cohort of cognitively intact older adults, we compared two amyloid imaging markers within subjects: {sup 18}F-flutemetamol and {sup 11}C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB). In 32 community-recruited cognitively intact older adults aged between 65 and 80 years, we determined the concordance between binary classification based on {sup 18}F-flutemetamol versus {sup 11}C-PIB according to semiquantitative assessment (standardized uptake value ratio in composite cortical volume, SUVR{sub comp}) and, alternatively, according to visual reads. We also determined the correlation between {sup 18}F-flutemetamol and {sup 11}C-PIB SUVR and evaluated how this was affected by the reference region chosen (cerebellar grey matter versus pons) and the use of partial volume correction (PVC) in this population. Binary classification based on semiquantitative assessment was concordant between {sup 18}F-flutemetamol and {sup 11}C-PIB in 94 % of cases. Concordance of blinded binary visual reads between tracers was 84 %. The Spearman correlation between {sup 18}F-flutemetamol and {sup 11}C-PIB SUVR{sub comp} with cerebellar grey matter as reference region was 0.84, with a slope of 0.98. Correlations in neocortical regions were significantly lower with the pons as reference region. PVC improved the correlation in striatum and medial temporal cortex. For the definition of preclinical AD based on {sup 18}F-flutemetamol, concordance with {sup 11}C-PIB was highest using semiquantitative assessment with cerebellar grey matter as reference region. (orig.)
11C-choline vs. 18F-FDG PET/CT in assessing bone involvement in patients with multiple myeloma
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ambrosini Valentina
Full Text Available Abstract Background Multiple Myeloma (MM is a B cell neoplasm causing lytic or osteopenic bone abnormalities. Whole body skeletal survey (WBSS, Magnetic resonance (MR and 18F-FDG PET/CT are imaging techniques routinely used for the evaluation of bone involvement in MM patients. Aim As MM bone lesions may present low 18F-FDG uptake; the aim of this study was to assess the possible added value and limitations of 11C-Choline to that of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients affected with MM. Methods Ten patients affected with MM underwent a standard 11C-Choline PET/CT and an 18F-FDG PET/CT within one week. The results of the two scans were compared in terms of number, sites and SUVmax of lesions. Results Four patients (40% had a negative concordant 11C-Choline and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Two patients (20% had a positive 11C-Choline and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans that identified the same number and sites of bone lesions. The remaining four patients (40% had a positive 11C-Choline and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, but the two exams identified different number of lesions. Choline showed a mean SUVmax of 5 while FDG showed a mean SUVmax of 3.8 (P = 0.042. Overall, 11C-Choline PET/CT scans detected 37 bone lesions and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans detected 22 bone lesions but the difference was not significant (P = 0.8. Conclusion According to these preliminary data, 11C-Choline PET/CT appears to be more sensitive than 18F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of bony myelomatous lesions. If these data are confirmed in larger series of patients, 11C-Choline may be considered a more appropriate functional imaging in association with MRI for MM bone staging.
Experiment Analysis of Decomposition Products in Typical Fault of c-C_4F_8 Gas and Insulating Gas Mixture Containing c-C_4F_8 and N_2%c-C4F8及其与N2混合绝缘气体在典型故障时分解生成物的试验分析
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李康; 张国强; 邢卫军; 韩冬; 牛文豪
氟碳气体由于其温室效益小,同时具有很高的耐电强度,是较好的替代SF6的气体。使用氟碳混合气体作为绝缘介质的气体绝缘开关和变压器,将成为一类新型的环境友好的输变电设备。因此用试验方法研究氟碳气体及其与N2的混合气体在局部过热、局部放电、火花放电及电弧放电等故障下的分解生成物,并对故障生成物的危害性进行了探讨。试验在自建的模型上进行,故障后的生成物使用气相色谱与质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)的方法来检测。试验结果表明:可稳定存在的过热故障下主要生成物为C2F4、C3F6;纯气体放电性故障的主要生成物为CF4、C2F6、C2F4、C3F8、C3F6;混合气体放电性故障另外产生C3F6N2;故障分解生成物毒性很小。根据故障生成物的特点,提出可根据故障生成物组分来区分氟碳气体绝缘电气设备中的过热性故障与放电性故障。%Because of its high dielectric strength,low global warming potential(GWP),fluorocarbon gas is considered as a good substitute for SF6.Electrical equipment using fluorocarbon gas mixtures will be a new type of environment-friendly power delivery apparatus.Consequently,we experimentally studied main components of decomposition gas generated by four major faults: overheating,partial discharge,spark discharge and arc discharge,and discussed the perniciousness of fault decomposition products.Moreover,we analyzed the decomposition products by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and identified the toxicity of the decomposition gas by searching the toxicity database.It is found that the main by-products are C2F4,C3F6 for overheating,CF4,C2F6,C2F4,C3F8,C3F6 for pure gas discharge faults,and CF4,C2F6,C2F4,C3F8,C3F6,C3F6N2 for mixture gas discharge fault.The toxicity of by-products is low.Finally,the fault type of overheating or discharge can be confirmed based on the main
Lyophilized standards for the calibration of real time PCR assay for hepatitis C virus RNA
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
WANG Lu-nan; WU Jian-min; DENG Wei; SHEN Zi-yu; CHEN Wen-xiang; LI Jin-ming
Background Since October 1997, an international standard for hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleic acid amplification technology assay, 96/790, has been available. We compared a series of lyophilized standards with known HCV RNA concentrations against the international standard in fluorescence quantitative PCR detection.Methods A series of lyophilized sera were calibrated by ROCHE COBAS AMPLICOR HCV Monitor test against the international standard and sent to various manufacturers to analyse the samples using their own kits.Then calibration curves from the series were compared with that obtained from the external standard calibration curve with the manufacture's series.Results The standard calibration curve with the series of lyophilized serum showed an excellent correlation(R2>0.98), slope and intercept that were similar to those from the manufacture's series. When the standard calibration curve from the series of lyophilized standards were used to define the values of the given sample,lower coefficients of variation between kits from different manufactures were obtained.Conclusion The results showed that the lyophilized standards could be used to setup the standard calibration curve for clinical HCV RNA quantitative PCR detection.
Testing the Activity of Complement Convertases in Serum/Plasma for Diagnosis of C4NeF-Mediated C3 Glomerulonephritis.
Blom, Anna M; Corvillo, Fernando; Magda, Michal; Stasiłojć, Grzegorz; Nozal, Pilar; Pérez-Valdivia, Miguel Ángel; Cabello-Chaves, Virginia; Rodríguez de Córdoba, Santiago; López-Trascasa, Margarita; Okrój, Marcin
Autoantibodies termed C3-nephritic factor (C3NeF), which stabilize convertases of the alternative complement pathway, often stimulate autoinflammatory diseases. However, knowledge about analogous autoantibodies acting on the classical pathway (C4NeF) is limited to a few reports, which indicate association with kidney dysfunction, systemic lupus erythematous, and infections. C4NeF may appear independently from C3NeF, but the lack of a routine diagnostic method predisposes C4NeF for being an underestimated player in autoinflammatory episodes. We tested the activity of classical convertases directly in serum/plasma to screen samples from 13 patients with C3 glomerulopathies and identified one patient showing significantly prolonged half-life of these enzymes. Observed effect was reproduced by immunoglobulins purified from patient's plasma and additionally confirmed on classical convertase built from purified components. Isolated immunoglobulins protected classical convertases from both spontaneous and inhibitor-driven decay but not from C4b proteolysis. The patient had a decreased serum level of C3, elevated sC5b-9, and normal concentrations of factor B and C4. Neither C3NeF nor other autoantibodies directed against alternative pathway proteins (factor H, factor B, factor I, C3, and properdin) were found. Genetic analysis showed no mutations in C3, CFB, CFH, CFI, MCP, THBD, and DGKE genes. Renal biopsy revealed a membranoproliferative pattern with intense C3 deposits. Our results underline the importance of C4NeF as an independent pathogenic factor and a need for the implementation of routine examination of classical convertase activity. Proposed method may enable robust inspection of such atypical cases. PMID:27146825
Component Test Facility (Comtest) Phase 1 Engineering For 760°C (1400°F) Advanced Ultrasupercritical (A-USC) Steam Generator Development
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Weitzel, Paul [Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc., Barberton, OH (United States)
The Babcock & Wilcox Company (B&W) performed a Pre-Front End Engineering Design (Pre-FEED) of an A-USC steam superheater for a proposed component test program achieving 760°C (1400°F) steam temperature. This would lead to follow-on work in a Phase 2 and Phase 3 that would involve detail design, manufacturing, construction and operation of the ComTest. Phase 1 results have provided the engineering data necessary for proceeding to the next phase of ComTest. The steam generator superheater would subsequently supply the steam to an A-USC prototype intermediate pressure steam turbine. The ComTest program is important in that it will place functioning A-USC components in operation and in coordinated boiler and turbine service. It is also important to introduce the power plant operation and maintenance personnel to the level of skills required and provide the first background experience with hands-on training. The project will provide a means to exercise the complete supply chain events required in order to practice and perfect the process for A-USC power plant design, supply, manufacture, construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance. Representative participants will then be able to transfer knowledge and recommendations to the industry. ComTest is conceived in the manner of using a separate standalone plant facility that will not jeopardize the host facility or suffer from conflicting requirements in the host plant's mission that could sacrifice the nickel alloy components and not achieve the testing goals. ComTest will utilize smaller quantities of the expensive materials and reduce the risk in the first operational practice for A-USC technology in the United States. Components at suitable scale in ComTest provide more assurance before putting them into practice in the full size A-USC demonstration plant.
Flexible charge balanced stimulator with 5.6 fC accuracy for 140 nC injections.
Nag, Sudip; Jia, Xiaofeng; Thakor, Nitish V; Sharma, Dinesh
Electrical stimulations of neuronal structures must ensure net injected charges to be zero for biological safety and voltage compliance reasons. We present a novel architecture of general purpose biphasic constant current stimulator that exhibits less than 5.6 fC error while injecting 140 nC charges using 1.4 mA currents. The floating current sources and conveyor switch based system can operate in monopolar or bipolar modes. Anodic-first or cathodic-first pulses with optional inter-phase delays have been demonstrated with zero quiescent current requirements at the analog front-end. The architecture eliminates blocking capacitors, electrode shorting and complex feedbacks. Bench-top and in-vivo measurement results have been presented with emulated electrode impedances (resistor-capacitor network), Ag-AgCl electrodes in saline and in-vivo (acute) peripheral nerve stimulations in anesthetized rats. PMID:23853326
Immunogenicity of RSV F DNA Vaccine in BALB/c Mice
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Erdal Eroglu
Full Text Available Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV causes severe acute lower respiratory tract disease leading to numerous hospitalizations and deaths among the infant and elderly populations worldwide. There is no vaccine or a less effective drug available against RSV infections. Natural RSV infection stimulates the Th1 immune response and activates the production of neutralizing antibodies, while earlier vaccine trials that used UV-inactivated RSV exacerbated the disease due to the activation of the allergic Th2 response. With a focus on Th1 immunity, we developed a DNA vaccine containing the native RSV fusion (RSV F protein and studied its immune response in BALB/c mice. High levels of RSV specific antibodies were induced during subsequent immunizations. The serum antibodies were able to neutralize RSV in vitro. The RSV inhibition by sera was also shown by immunofluorescence analyses. Antibody response of the RSV F DNA vaccine showed a strong Th1 response. Also, sera from RSV F immunized and RSV infected mice reduced the RSV infection by 50% and 80%, respectively. Our data evidently showed that the RSV F DNA vaccine activated the Th1 biased immune response and led to the production of neutralizing antibodies, which is the desired immune response required for protection from RSV infections.
Enhancement of natural killer cell activity in healthy subjects by Immulina®, a Spirulina extract enriched for Braun-type lipoproteins
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nielsen, Claus Henrik; Balachandran, Premalatha; Christensen, Ole;
Immulina®, a commercial extract of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis is a potent activator of THP-1 monocytes and CD4+ T cells IN VITRO and enhances several immunological functions in mice. We further characterized Immulina® by determining that Braun-type lipoproteins are responsible for a major...
Development of standardized air-blown coal gasifier/gas turbine concepts for future electric power systems. Volume 5, Appendix D: Cost support information: Final report
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sadowski, R.S.; Brown, M.J.; Harriz, J.T.; Ostrowski, E.
The cost estimate provided for the DOE sponsored study of Air Blown Coal Gasification was developed from vendor quotes obtained directly for the equipment needed in the 50 MW, 100 MW, and 200 MW sized plants and from quotes from other jobs that have been referenced to apply to the particular cycle. Quotes were generally obtained for the 100 MW cycle and a scale up/down factor was used to generate the cost estimates for the 200 MW and 50 MW cycles, respectively. Information from GTPro (property of Thermoflow, Inc.) was used to estimate the cost of the 200 MW and 50 MW gas turbine, HRSG, and steam turbines. To available the use of GTPro`s estimated values for this equipment, a comparison was made between the quotes obtained for the 100 MW cycle (ABB GT 11N combustion turbine and a HSRG) against the estimated values by GTPro.
Cerium(III) and Uranium(IV) Complexes of the 2-Fluorophenyl Trimethylsilyl Amide Ligand: C-F → Ln/An Interactions that Modulate the Coordination Spheres of f-Block Elements.
Yin, Haolin; Carroll, Patrick J; Schelter, Eric J
2-fluorophenyl trimethylsilyl amide, N(SiMe3)(C6H4F)(-) was shown to engage in stronger C-F → Ce(III) interactions than pentafluorophenyl trimethylsilyl amide, N(SiMe3)(C6F5)(-), through a comparative study of the Ce(III) model complexes Ce[N(SiMe3)(C6H4F)]3 (1-F1) and Ce[N(SiMe3)(C6F5)]3 (1-F5). The presence of multiple C-F → U(IV) interactions led to complexes 2-X (X = Cl, C≡CPh, OMe) with threefold geometries, featuring a trigonal pyramidal UN3Cl core in the solid-state structures. Density functional theory calculations were applied to 2-Cl to investigate the strength of the C-F → U(IV) interactions and the influence of such interactions on resulting geometries. PMID:27227729
Dipole model analysis of F2cc¯${m{F}}_2^{{m{car c}}} $ derived from the new D* data in DIS at HERA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luszczak Agnieszka
Full Text Available I analyse the new D* deep inelastic scattering data from HERA with the help of dipole models. I calculate F2cc¯${m{F}}_2^{{m{car c}}} $ from the GBW [1] and BGK [2] saturation models. I compare results with the last values determined by H1 at low Q2. I find good agreement with the data.
A atividade física reduz o risco de câncer?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
E. Ortega
Full Text Available Os resultados preliminares de diversos estudos epidemiológicos sugerem que a atividade física reduz o risco de câncer. Muitos estudos concluíram que o sedentarismo aumenta a possibilidade de surgimento de alguns tipos de câncer, particularmente do de cólon. Foi demonstrado que o exercício promove a ativação do sistema imunológico em animais, com redução concomitante do crescimento tumoral. Nos seres humanos há muitos fatores que podem influir no crescimento tumoral. Dessa forma, há boas razões para pensar que a atividade física possa exercer efeito protetor contra neoplasias, embora os dados epidemiológicos aqui apresentados ainda não permitam estabelecer conclusão definitiva. Contudo, pode-se recomendar o exercício regular de intensidade moderada para a prevenção do câncer. A escolha do tipo de exercício ou esporte pode ser um fator importante, já que dependerá das possibilidades individuais.
SU-F-BRD-10: Lung IMRT Planning Using Standardized Beam Bouquet Templates
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yuan, L; Wu, Q J.; Yin, F [Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (United States); Ge, Y [University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC (United States)
Purpose: We investigate the feasibility of choosing from a small set of standardized templates of beam bouquets (i.e., entire beam configuration settings) for lung IMRT planning to improve planning efficiency and quality consistency, and also to facilitate automated planning. Methods: A set of beam bouquet templates is determined by learning from the beam angle settings in 60 clinical lung IMRT plans. A k-medoids cluster analysis method is used to classify the beam angle configuration into clusters. The value of the average silhouette width is used to determine the ideal number of clusters. The beam arrangements in each medoid of the resulting clusters are taken as the standardized beam bouquet for the cluster, with the corresponding case taken as the reference case. The resulting set of beam bouquet templates was used to re-plan 20 cases randomly selected from the database and the dosimetric quality of the plans was evaluated against the corresponding clinical plans by a paired t-test. The template for each test case was manually selected by a planner based on the match between the test and reference cases. Results: The dosimetric parameters (mean±S.D. in percentage of prescription dose) of the plans using 6 beam bouquet templates and those of the clinical plans, respectively, and the p-values (in parenthesis) are: lung Dmean: 18.8±7.0, 19.2±7.0 (0.28), esophagus Dmean: 32.0±16.3, 34.4±17.9 (0.01), heart Dmean: 19.2±16.5, 19.4±16.6 (0.74), spinal cord D2%: 47.7±18.8, 52.0±20.3 (0.01), PTV dose homogeneity (D2%-D99%): 17.1±15.4, 20.7±12.2 (0.03).The esophagus Dmean, cord D02 and PTV dose homogeneity are statistically better in the plans using the standardized templates, but the improvements (<5%) may not be clinically significant. The other dosimetric parameters are not statistically different. Conclusion: It's feasible to use a small number of standardized beam bouquet templates (e.g. 6) to generate plans with quality comparable to that of clinical
SU-F-BRD-10: Lung IMRT Planning Using Standardized Beam Bouquet Templates
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Purpose: We investigate the feasibility of choosing from a small set of standardized templates of beam bouquets (i.e., entire beam configuration settings) for lung IMRT planning to improve planning efficiency and quality consistency, and also to facilitate automated planning. Methods: A set of beam bouquet templates is determined by learning from the beam angle settings in 60 clinical lung IMRT plans. A k-medoids cluster analysis method is used to classify the beam angle configuration into clusters. The value of the average silhouette width is used to determine the ideal number of clusters. The beam arrangements in each medoid of the resulting clusters are taken as the standardized beam bouquet for the cluster, with the corresponding case taken as the reference case. The resulting set of beam bouquet templates was used to re-plan 20 cases randomly selected from the database and the dosimetric quality of the plans was evaluated against the corresponding clinical plans by a paired t-test. The template for each test case was manually selected by a planner based on the match between the test and reference cases. Results: The dosimetric parameters (mean±S.D. in percentage of prescription dose) of the plans using 6 beam bouquet templates and those of the clinical plans, respectively, and the p-values (in parenthesis) are: lung Dmean: 18.8±7.0, 19.2±7.0 (0.28), esophagus Dmean: 32.0±16.3, 34.4±17.9 (0.01), heart Dmean: 19.2±16.5, 19.4±16.6 (0.74), spinal cord D2%: 47.7±18.8, 52.0±20.3 (0.01), PTV dose homogeneity (D2%-D99%): 17.1±15.4, 20.7±12.2 (0.03).The esophagus Dmean, cord D02 and PTV dose homogeneity are statistically better in the plans using the standardized templates, but the improvements (<5%) may not be clinically significant. The other dosimetric parameters are not statistically different. Conclusion: It's feasible to use a small number of standardized beam bouquet templates (e.g. 6) to generate plans with quality comparable to that of clinical
NODC Standard Format Marine Birds from Coastal Alaska and Puget Sound Data (1975-1980): Marine Bird Sighting, Land Census (F034) (NODC Accession 0014156)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — NODC Standard Marine Bird Sighting, Land Census (F034) is one of a group of seven datasets related to Marine Birds from Coastal Alaska and Puget Sound Data (1975...
Aeroelastic instability problems for wind turbines
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, Morten Hartvig
This paper deals with the aeroelostic instabilities that have occurred and may still occur for modem commercial wind turbines: stall-induced vibrations for stall-turbines, and classical flutter for pitch-regulated turbines. A review of previous works is combined with derivations of analytical...... stiffness and chordwise position of the center of gravity along the blades are the main parameters for flutter. These instability characteristics are exemplified by aeroelastic stability analyses of different wind turbines. The review of each aeroelastic instability ends with a list of current research...... issues that represent unsolved aeroelostic instability problems for wind turbines. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd....
Imaging of amyloid deposition in human brain using positron emission tomography and [{sup 18}F]FACT: comparison with [{sup 11}C]PIB
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ito, Hiroshi [National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Molecular Imaging Center, Chiba (Japan); National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Biophysics Program, Molecular Imaging Center, Chiba (Japan); Shinotoh, Hitoshi; Shimada, Hitoshi; Miyoshi, Michie; Takano, Harumasa; Takahashi, Hidehiko; Arakawa, Ryosuke; Kodaka, Fumitoshi; Ono, Maiko; Eguchi, Yoko; Higuchi, Makoto; Fukumura, Toshimitsu; Suhara, Tetsuya [National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Molecular Imaging Center, Chiba (Japan); Yanai, Kazuhiko; Okamura, Nobuyuki [Tohoku University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Sendai (Japan)
The characteristic neuropathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are deposition of amyloid senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The {sup 18}F-labeled amyloid tracer, [{sup 18}F]2-[(2-{(E)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]vinyl}-1, 3-benzoxazol-6-yl)oxy ]-3-fluoropropan-1-ol (FACT), one of the benzoxazole derivatives, was recently developed. In the present study, deposition of amyloid senile plaques was measured by positron emission tomography (PET) with both [ {sup 11}C ]Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) and [ {sup 18}F ]FACT in the same subjects, and the regional uptakes of both radiotracers were directly compared. Two PET scans, one of each with [ {sup 11}C ]PIB and [ {sup 18}F ]FACT, were performed sequentially on six normal control subjects, two mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and six AD patients. The standardized uptake value ratio of brain regions to the cerebellum was calculated with partial volume correction using magnetic resonance (MR) images to remove the effects of white matter accumulation. No significant differences in the cerebral cortical uptake were observed between normal control subjects and AD patients in [ {sup 18}F ]FACT studies without partial volume correction, while significant differences were observed in [ {sup 11}C ]PIB. After partial volume correction, the cerebral cortical uptake was significantly larger in AD patients than in normal control subjects for [ {sup 18}F ]FACT studies as well as [ {sup 11}C ]PIB. Relatively lower uptakes of [ {sup 11}C ]PIB in distribution were observed in the medial side of the temporal cortex and in the occipital cortex as compared with [ {sup 18}F ]FACT. Relatively higher uptake of [ {sup 11}C ]PIB in distribution was observed in the frontal and parietal cortices. Since [ {sup 18}F ]FACT might bind more preferentially to dense-cored amyloid deposition, regional differences in cerebral cortical uptake between [ {sup 11}C ]PIB and [ {sup 18}F ]FACT might be due to differences
5 CFR Appendix A to Subpart F of... - Standards for a Merit System of Personnel Administration
....C. 49d(b). Grants to States for Old-Age Assistance for the Aged (Title I of the Social Security Act...). Federal Payments for Foster Care and Adoption Assistance, (Title IV-E of the Social Security Act); 42 U.S...). Employment Security (Unemployment Insurance and Employment Services), Social Security Act (Title III),...
Pitipeptolides C-F, antimycobacterial cyclodepsipeptides from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Guam.
Montaser, Rana; Paul, Valerie J; Luesch, Hendrik
Pitipeptolides A (1) and B (2) are cyclic depsipeptides isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Piti Bomb Holes, Guam. Additional analogues have now been isolated by revisiting larger collections of the same cyanobacterium. The four identified analogues, pitipeptolides C-F (3-6), are the tetrahydro analogue (3), an analogue with a lower degree of methylation (4) as well as two homologues (5 and 6) of pitipeptolide A. Their structures were elucidated using 2D NMR experiments, chiral HPLC analysis and comparison with pitipeptolide A. The identified analogues showed weaker cytotoxic activities compared to the two major parent compounds, pitipeptolides A (1) and B (2), against HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma and MCF7 breast cancer cells. On the other hand, pitipeptolide F (6) was the most potent pitipeptolide in a disc diffusion assay against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The latter finding suggests that the structure of pitipeptolides could be optimized for selective antibacterial activity.
Issues of low activation brazing of SiC f/SiC composites by using alloys without free silicon
Riccardi, B.; Nannetti, C. A.; Petrisor, T.; Woltersdorf, J.; Pippel, E.; Libera, S.; Pilloni, L.
The paper presents a novel low activation brazing technique for SiC f/SiC composites. The brazing alloy does not contain free silicon and is based on the use of a Si-44Cr at.% eutectic and the intermetallic CrSi 2 (melting temperatures 1390 and 1490 °C, respectively). These are advantageous because the melting point is low enough to avoid degradation of the advanced fibres and of the interphases in the composite, and the Si-Cr intermetallics are chemically compatible with silicon carbide. Both the eutectic and the intermetallic were prepared before brazing operations by melting a Si-Cr mixture. The joining was performed under vacuum (about 10 -4 Pa). Systematic investigations of the microstructure and of the nanochemistry (TEM, EELS, ELNES) of the Si-Cr joints reveal that direct chemical Si-Si, Cr-C and Si-Cr bonds across the interface are responsible for the adhesion: the interfaces were proved to be nearly atomically sharp and adhesive. Altogether, this brazing procedure enables joints with sufficient strength and with a microstructure comparable with that of the starting powders to be obtained.
ToF-MEIS stopping measurements in thin SiC films
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Linnarsson, M.K., E-mail: email@example.com [KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Information and Communication Technology, Integrated Circuits and Devices, P.O. Box E229, SE-16440 Kista-Stockhom (Sweden); Khartsev, S. [KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Information and Communication Technology, Integrated Circuits and Devices, P.O. Box E229, SE-16440 Kista-Stockhom (Sweden); Primetzhofer, D.; Possnert, G. [Uppsala University, Ångström Laboratory, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Ion Physics, P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala (Sweden); Hallén, A. [KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Information and Communication Technology, Integrated Circuits and Devices, P.O. Box E229, SE-16440 Kista-Stockhom (Sweden)
Electronic stopping in thin, amorphous, SiC films has been studied by time-of-flight medium energy ion scattering and conventional Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Amorphous SiC films (8, 21 and 36 nm) were prepared by laser ablation using a single crystalline silicon carbide target. Two kinds of substrate films, one with a lower atomic mass (carbon) and one with higher atomic mass (iridium) compared to silicon has been used. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to evaluate electronic stopping from the shift in energy for the signal scattered from Ir with and without SiC. The two kinds of samples are used to illustrate the strength and challenges for ToF-MEIS compared to conventional RBS.
KomTronic® - Aktorische Werkzeugsysteme für die Einsatzerweiterung von Standard-Bearbeitungszentren
Fronius, Jürgen
Die Entwickler spanender Fertigungssysteme stehen seit geraumer Zeit unter erhöhtem Innovationsdruck. Neben dem entscheidenden Aspekt der Stückkosten spielt das gesteigerte Umweltbewusstsein eine zunehmende Rolle. Die aktuelleKrise des Kreditwesens tut ein Übriges um den Forderungen nach geringen Investitionskosten und damit geringem Kreditbedarf oder erhöhter Flexibilität zur Kosteneinsparung bei Serienumstellung, geringem Energiebedarfund ressourcenschonendem Betrieb neuen Nachdruck zu verschaffen. Auf genau diesen Forderungskatalog wurde die KomTronic® - Produktpalette zugeschnitten. Ausgangspunkt war die Flexibilität die besonders bei komplexen, asymmetrischen Bauteilen eine Herausforderung darstellt. Quaderförmige Bauteile wie Hydraulikventilblöcke oder Zylinderköpfe von Verbrennungsmotoren stellen in ihrer Kombination aus Fräs- Drehbearbeitungen die "Königsklasse" der spanenden Fertigung dar. Die Lösungen, besonders für die Drehkonturen sind im Allgemeinen großserientauglich ausgelegt. Die Konsequenz sind bauteilbezogen ausgelegte Transferstrassen oder Rundtaktmaschinen, eine Kombination dieser Bearbeitungen auf einem flexiblen BAZ waren bislang nicht möglich.
G4-Flux and Standard Model Vacua in F-theory
Lin, Ling
We study the geometry of gauge fluxes in four-dimensional F-theory vacua with gauge group SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1)xU(1) and its implications for phenomenology. The models are defined by a previously introduced class of elliptic fibrations whose fibre is given as a cubic hypersurface in ${\\rm Bl}_2{\\mathbb P}^2$, with the non-abelian gauge group factors SU(3)xSU(2) engineered torically via the top construction. To describe gauge fluxes on these fibrations we provide a classification of the primary vertical middle cohomology group in a fashion valid for any choice of base space. Using the ideal theoretic technique of primary decomposition we compute the cohomology classes of the matter surfaces associated with states charged under the non-abelian gauge group. These expressions allow us to interpret the cancellation of the pure and mixed non-abelian anomalies geometrically as a result of the general form of the matter surfaces, without reference to a specific type of gauge flux. Explicit results for the chiral indices o...
Expression of centromere protein F (CENP-F associated with higher FDG uptake on PET/CT, detected by cDNA microarray, predicts high-risk patients with primary breast cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ishida Jiro
Full Text Available Abstract Background Higher standardized uptake value (SUV detected by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT correlates with proliferation of primary breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to identify specific molecules upregulated in primary breast cancers with a high SUV and to examine their clinical significance. Methods We compared mRNA expression profiles between 14 tumors with low SUVs and 24 tumors with high SUVs by cDNA microarray. We identified centromere protein F (CENP-F and CDC6 were upregulated in tumors with high SUVs. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to validate these data. Clinical implication of CENP-F and CDC6 was examined for 253 archival breast cancers by the tissue microarray. Results The relative ratios of CENP-F and CDC6 expression levels to β-actin were confirmed to be significantly higher in high SUV tumors than in low SUV tumors (p = 0.027 and 0.025, respectively by RT-PCR. In immunohistochemical analysis of 47 node-negative tumors, the CENP-F expression was significantly higher in the high SUV tumors (74% than the low SUV tumors (45% (p = 0.04, but membranous and cytoplasmic CDC6 expressions did not significantly differ between both groups (p = 0.9 each. By the tissue microarray, CENP-F (HR = 2.94 as well as tumor size (HR = 4.49, nodal positivity (HR = 4.1, and Ki67 (HR = 2.05 showed independent impact on the patients' prognosis. Conclusion High CENP-F expression, correlated with high SUV, was the prognostic indicators of primary breast cancer. Tumoral SUV levels may serve as a pretherapeutic indicator of aggressiveness of breast cancer.
Two-wire Low-power Instrument Based on C8051F040%C8051F040的两线制低功耗仪表
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
王大鹏; 张海
应用C8051F040单片机设计两线制低功耗显示仪.系统采用低功耗的电压转换芯片LT1934、电压/电流转换芯片XTR115UA和LCD等器件,对传感器输入的电压信号进行处理,通过键盘和液晶屏实现人机交互,可以按照需要提供4~20 mA的环路电流.系统设有辅助模块,增加了LCD背光显示,以及将采集到的数据以数字量形式输出等功能,使得系统的功能更加完善.经过验证,系统具有低功耗、低成本的特点,能够实现两线制环路输出电流及数字量的输出.
Vegetation of eastern Unalaska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Talbot, Stephen S.; Schofield, Wilfred B.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Daniëls, Fred J. A.
Plant communities of Unalaska Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands of western Alaska, and their relationship to environmental variables, were studied using a combined Braun-Blanquet and multivariate approach. Seventy relevés represented the range of structural and compositional variation in the matrix of vegetation and landform zonation. Eleven major community types were distinguished within six physiognomic–ecological groups: I. Dry coastal meadows: Honckenya peploides beach meadow, Leymus mollis dune meadow. II. Mesic meadows: Athyrium filix-femina – Aconitum maximum meadow, Athyrium filix-femina – Calamagrostis nutkaensis meadow, Erigeron peregrinus – Thelypteris quelpaertensis meadow. III. Wet snowbed meadow: Carex nigricans snowbed meadow. IV. Heath: Linnaea borealis – Empetrum nigrum heath, Phyllodoce aleutica heath, Vaccinium uliginosum – Thamnolia vermicularis fellfield. V. Mire: Carex pluriflora – Plantago macrocarpa mire. VI. Deciduous shrub thicket: Salix barclayi – Athyrium filix-femina thicket. These were interpreted as a complex gradient primarily influenced by soil moisture, elevation, and pH. Phytogeographical and syntaxonomical analysis of the plant communities indicated that the dry coastal meadows, most of the heaths, and the mire vegetation belonged, respectively, to the widespread classes Honckenyo–Elymetea, Loiseleurio–Vaccinietea, and Scheuchzerio–Caricetea, characterized by their circumpolar and widespread species. Amphi-Beringian species were likely diagnostic of amphi-Beringian syntaxa, many of these yet to be described.
PET-CT11C-胆碱和18F-FDG显像剂联合对肺占位病变鉴别诊断价值分析%Joint value analysis of 11C-choline and 18F-FDG PET-CT in pulmonary occupying lesions diagnosis
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
滕学鹏; 董伟; 刘立恒; 赵书强; 郑劲松; 杨国仁
目的:探讨18F-氟化脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)与11C-胆碱PET-CT联合应用在肺部占位性病变鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:选取196例肺部占位性病变患者,注射造影剂18F-FDG和11C-胆碱后行PET-CT检查和诊断,观察2种造影剂PET-CT检查方法的标准摄取值(SUV)以及单独和联合应用的诊断灵敏度、特异性和准确率.结果:良性和恶性患者的18F-FDG(2.20±1.23 vs 5.29±2.75)及11C-胆碱(0.81±0.79 vs 3.28±1.76)的SUVmax差异有统计学意义,P<0.01;18F-FDG和11C-胆碱在良性及恶性患者中差异有统计学意义,P<0.01.18F-FDG和11C-胆碱PET-CT各自的灵敏度(58.16% vs 58.67%)、特异性(78.05%vs 84.00%)和准确率(80.61% vs 85.20%)差异无统计学意义,P>0.05.联合诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为53.57%(105/196)、90.11% (82/91)和94.39% (185/196),与单独应用比较,灵敏度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),特异性和准确率均提高,P<0.01.结论:将18 F-FDG和11C-胆碱PET-CT检查联合运用于同一患者进行综合诊断能明显提高肺部占位病变的诊断水平.%OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnosis value of the combination of 18 F-f luorinated deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and 11C-choline PET-CT imaging in pulmonary occupying lesions. METHODS: Consecutive 196 patients with pulmonary occupying lesions from February 2009 to April 2011 in our hospital were performed 18F-FDG and 11C-choline PET -CT imaging, and the standardized uptake value (standard uptake value, SUV) of each tracer was measured for each lesion. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were compared for each single and the combination technique, respectively. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in 18F-FDG SUVmax(2.20+1.23 vs 5. 29 + 2.75, P0. 05). Combining 18F-FDG and 11C-choline PET-CT imaging significantly increased the diagnostic specificity (90.11%, 82/91) and accuracy (94. 39%, 185/196) than 18F-FDG or 11C-choline PET
Role of the N-terminal signal peptide in the membrane insertion of Aquifex aeolicus F1F0 ATP synthase c-subunit.
Zhang, Chunli; Marcia, Marco; Langer, Julian D; Peng, Guohong; Michel, Hartmut
Rotary ATPases are membrane protein complexes that couple ATP hydrolysis to ion translocation across the membrane. Overall, they are evolutionarily well conserved, but the N-terminal segments of their rotary subunits (c-subunits) possess different lengths and levels of hydrophobicity across species. By analyzing the N-terminal variability, we distinguish four phylogenetic groups of c-subunits (groups 1-4). We characterize a member of group 2, the c-subunit from Aquifex aeolicus F1F0 ATP synthase, both in native cells and in a heterologous expression system. We demonstrate that its N-terminal segment forms a signal peptide with signal recognition particle (SRP) recognition features and is obligatorily required for membrane insertion. Based on our study and on previous characterizations of c-subunits from other organisms, we propose that c-subunits follow different membrane insertion pathways. PMID:23663226
New orbit recalculations of comet C/1890 F1 Brooks and its dynamical evolution
Królikowska, Małgorzata; Dybczyński, Piotr A.
C/1890 F1 Brooks belongs to a group of 19 comets used by Jan Oort to support his famous hypothesis on the existence of a spherical cloud containing hundreds of billions of comets with orbits of semi-major axes between 50 000 and 150 000 au. Comet Brooks stands out from this group because of a long series of astrometric observations as well as a nearly 2-yr-long observational arc. Rich observational material makes this comet an ideal target for testing the rationality of an effort to recalculate astrometric positions on the basis of original (comet-star) measurements using modern star catalogues. This paper presents the results of such a new analysis based on two different methods: (i) automatic re-reduction based on cometary positions and the (comet-star) measurements and (ii) partially automatic re-reduction based on the contemporary data for the reference stars originally used. We show that both methods offer a significant reduction in the uncertainty of orbital elements. Based on the most preferred orbital solution, the dynamical evolution of comet Brooks during three consecutive perihelion passages is discussed. We conclude that C/1890 F1 is a dynamically old comet that passed the Sun at a distance below 5 au during its previous perihelion passage. Furthermore, its next perihelion passage will be a little closer than during the 1890-1892 apparition. C/1890 F1 is interesting also because it suffered extremely small planetary perturbations when it travelled through the planetary zone. Therefore, in the next passage through perihelion, it will once again be a comet from the Oort spike.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Frandsen, Sten; Hansen, Erik Asp; Ibsen, Lars Bo;
Current offshore wind turbine design methods have matured to a 1st generation state, manifested in the draft of a possible standard, IEC 61400-3 (2005). It is now time to investigate the possibilities of improving existing methods. To do so in an efficient manner a clear identification of the mos...... to shallow waters, integrated re-sponse modelling, wake effects, response extrapola-tion and clarification of the relevance of deterministic load cases in the operational regime....
Longitudinal Structure Function FL from Charm Structure Function F2c
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
B.Rezaei; G.R.Boroun
We predict the effect of the charm structure function on the longitudinal structure function at small x.In NLO analysis we find that the hard Pomeron behavior gives a good description of FL and Fkc (k =2,L) at small x values.We conclude that a direct relation between FL∝ F2c would provide useful information on how to measure longitudinal structure function at high Q2 values.Having checked that this model gives a good description of the data,when compared with other models.
Display of cell surface sites for fibronectin assembly is modulated by cell adherence to (1F3 and C-terminal modules of fibronectin.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jielin Xu
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Fibronectin-null cells assemble soluble fibronectin shortly after adherence to a substrate coated with intact fibronectin but not when adherent to the cell-binding domain of fibronectin (modules (7F3-(10F3. Interactions of adherent cells with regions of adsorbed fibronectin other than modules (7F3-(10F3, therefore, are required for early display of the cell surface sites that initiate and direct fibronectin assembly. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To identify these regions, coatings of proteolytically derived or recombinant pieces of fibronectin containing modules in addition to (7F3-(10F3 were tested for effects on fibronectin assembly by adherent fibronectin-null fibroblasts. Pieces as large as one comprising modules (2F3-(14F3, which include the heparin-binding and cell adhesion domains, were not effective in supporting fibronectin assembly. Addition of module (1F3 or the C-terminal modules to modules (2F3-(14F3 resulted in some activity, and addition of both (1F3 and the C-terminal modules resulted in a construct, (1F3-C, that best mimicked the activity of a coating of intact fibronectin. Constructs (1F3-C V0, (1F3-C V64, and (1F3-C Delta(V(15F3(10F1 were all able to support fibronectin assembly, suggesting that (1F3 through (11F1 and/or (12F1 were important for activity. Coatings in which the active parts of (1F3-C were present in different proteins were much less active than intact (1F3-C. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that (1F3 acts together with C-terminal modules to induce display of fibronectin assembly sites on adherent cells.
Bond Alternation in Halogen Substituted Polyacetylene ---Possibility of C-F Bond Length Alternation in (CF)x---
Abdelaty, S. M.; Sasai, M.; Fukutome, H.
Using the Hückel model, we study the π electronic and lattice structures of the ground state of halogen substituted polyacetylene (CX)x where X is F, Cl, Br or I. The halogen substitution always makes the C-C bond length alternation in the main chain and the corresponding band gap smaller than those in unsubstituted polyacetylene (CH)x. (CCl)x, (CBr)x and (CI)x have only the bond alternation in the main chain. (CF)x may take one of the three lattice structures depending on the value of the C-F σ bond force constant; the structure with the bond alternation in the main chain, the one with the bond length alternation in the C-F bonds and the one with coexistence of the two kinds of bond alternation. The structure with the C-F bond length alternation is ferroelectric.
Cheney, Jr., Marvin C.
A wind turbine of the type having an airfoil blade (15) mounted on a flexible beam (20) and a pitch governor (55) which selectively, torsionally twists the flexible beam in response to wind turbine speed thereby setting blade pitch, is provided with a limiter (85) which restricts unwanted pitch change at operating speeds due to torsional creep of the flexible beam. The limiter allows twisting of the beam by the governor under excessive wind velocity conditions to orient the blades in stall pitch positions, thereby preventing overspeed operation of the turbine. In the preferred embodiment, the pitch governor comprises a pendulum (65,70) which responds to changing rotor speed by pivotal movement, the limiter comprising a resilient member (90) which engages an end of the pendulum to restrict further movement thereof, and in turn restrict beam creep and unwanted blade pitch misadjustment.
Measurement of F_2^{c\\bar{c}} and F_2^{b\\bar{b}} at Low Q^2 and x using the H1 Vertex Detector at HERA
Aktas, A; Anthonis, T; Aplin, S; Asmone, A; Astvatsatourov, A; Babaev, A; Backovic, S; Bähr, J; Baghdasaryan, A; Baranov, P; Barrelet, E; Bartel, Wulfrin; Baudrand, S; Baumgartner, S; Becker, J; Beckingham, M; Behnke, O; Behrendt, O; Belousov, A; Berger, C; Berger, N; Bizot, J C; Boenig, M O; Boudry, V; Bracinik, J; Brandt, G; Brisson, V; Brown, D P; Bruncko, Dusan; Büsser, F W; Bunyatyan, A; Buschhorn, G; Bystritskaya, L; Campbell, A J; Caron, S; Cassol-Brunner, F; Cerny, K; Cerny, V; Chekelian, V; Contreras, J G; Coughlan, J A; Cox, B E; Cozzika, G; Cvach, J; Dainton, J B; Dau, W D; Daum, K; De Boer, Y; Delcourt, B; de Roeck, A; Desch, Klaus; De Wolf, E A; Diaconu, C; Dodonov, V; Dubak, A; Eckerlin, G; Efremenko, V; Egli, S; Eichler, R; Eisele, F; Ellerbrock, M; Elsen, E; Erdmann, W; Essenov, S; Falkewicz, A; Faulkner, P J W; Favart, L; Fedotov, A; Felst, R; Ferencei, J; Finke, L; Fleischer, M; Fleischmann, P; Fleming, Y H; Flucke, G; Fomenko, A; Foresti, I; Franke, G; Frisson, T; Gabathuler, E; Garutti, E; Gayler, J; Gerlich, C; Ghazaryan, S; Ginzburgskaya, S; Glazov, A; Glushkov, I; Görlich, L; Göttlich, M; Gogitidze, N; Gorbounov, S; Goyon, C; Grab, C; Greenshaw, T; Gregori, M; Grell, B R; Grindhammer, G; Gwilliam, C; Haidt, D; Hajduk, L; Hansson, M; Heinzelmann, G; Henderson, R C W; Henschel, H; Henshaw, O; Herrera-Corral, G; Hildebrandt, M; Hiller, K H; Hoffmann, D; Horisberger, R P; Hovhannisyan, A; Hreus, T; Hussain, S; Ibbotson, M; Ismail, M; Jacquet, M; Janauschek, L; Janssen, X; Jemanov, V; Jönsson, L B; Johnson, D P; Jung, A W; Jung, H; Kapichine, M; Katzy, J; Keller, N; Kenyon, I R; Kiesling, C; Klein, M; Kleinwort, C; Klimkovich, T; Kluge, T; Knies, G; Knutsson, A; Korbel, V; Kostka, P; Krastev, K; Kretzschmar, J; Kropivnitskaya, A; Krüger, K; Kuckens, J; Landon, M P J; Lange, W; Lastoviicka, T; Lastoviicka-Medin, G; Laycock, P; Lebedev, A; Leibenguth, G; Lendermann, V; Levonian, S; Lindfeld, L; Lipka, K; Liptaj, A; List, B; Lobodzinska, E; Loktionova, N; López-Fernandez, R; Lubimov, V; Lucaci-Timoce, A I; Lüders, H; Lüke, D; Lux, T; Lytkin, L; Makankine, A; Malden, N; Malinovskii, E I; Mangano, S; Marage, P; Marshall, R; Martisikova, M; Martyn, H U; Maxfield, S J; Meer, D; Mehta, A; Meier, K; Meyer, A B; Meyer, H; Meyer, J; Mikocki, S; Milcewicz-Mika, I; Milstead, D; Mladenov, D M; Mohamed, A; Moreau, F; Morozov, A; Morris, J V; Mozer, M U; Müller, K; Murn, P; Nankov, K; Naroska, Beate; Naumann, T; Newman, P R; Niebuhr, C; Nikiforov, A; Nikitin, D; Nowak, G; Nozicka, M; Oganezov, R; Olivier, B; Olsson, J E; Osman, S; Ozerov, D; Palichik, V; Panagoulias, I; Papadopoulou, T D; Pascaud, C; Patel, G D; Peez, M; Pérez, E; Perez-Astudillo, D; Perieanu, A; Petrukhin, A; Pitzl, D; Placakyte, R; Portheault, B; Povh, B; Prideaux, P; Raicevic, N; Reimer, P; Rimmer, A; Risler, C; Rizvi, E; Robmann, P; Roland, B; Roosen, R; Rostovtsev, A; Rurikova, Z; Rusakov, S; Salvaire, F; Sankey, D P C; Sauvan, E; Schatzel, S; Schilling, F P; Schmidt, S; Schmitt, S; Schmitz, C; Schoeffel, L; Schöning, A; Schultz-Coulon, H C; Sedlak, K; Sefkow, F; Shaw-West, R N; Shevyakov, I; Shtarkov, L N; Sloan, T; Smirnov, P; Soloviev, Yu; South, D; Spaskov, V; Specka, A; Stella, B; Stiewe, J; Strauch, I; Straumann, U; Tchoulakov, V; Thompson, G; Thompson, P D; Tomasz, F; Traynor, D; Truöl, P; Tsakov, I; Tsipolitis, G; Tsurin, I; Turnau, J; Tzamariudaki, E; Urban, M; Usik, A; Utkin, D; Valkár, S; Valkárová, A; Vallée, C; Van Mechelen, P; Vargas1, A; Vazdik, Ya A; Veelken, C; Vest, A; Vinokurova, S; Volchinski, V; Vujicic, B; Wacker, K; Wagner, J; Weber, G; Weber, R; Wegener, D; Werner, C; Werner, N; Wessels, M; Wessling, B; Wigmore, C; Wissing, C; Wolf, R; Wünsch, E; Xella, S M; Yan, W; Yeganov, V; Zaicek, J; Zaleisak, J; Zhang, Z; Zhelezov, A; Zhokin, A; Zhu, Y C; Zimmermann, J; Zimmermann, T; Zohrabyan, H; Zomer, F
Measurements are presented of inclusive charm and beauty cross sections in e^+p collisions at HERA for values of photon virtuality 12 \\le Q^2 \\le 60 GeV^2 and of the Bjorken scaling variable 0.0002 \\le x \\le 0.005. The fractions of events containing charm and beauty quarks are determined using a method based on the impact parameter, in the transverse plane, of tracks to the primary vertex, as measured by the H1 vertex detector. Values for the structure functions F_2^{c\\bar{c}} and F_2^{b\\bar{b}} are obtained. This is the first measurement of F_2^{b\\bar{b}} in this kinematic range. The results are found to be compatible with the predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics and withprevious measurements of F_2^{c\\bar{c}}.
Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Data Landcover Product - NOAA C-CAP Source
National Park Service, Department of the Interior — NPScape CCAP landcover (CCAP_LAC - 1996, 2001 and 2006) and landcover change (CCAP_LCC) products. Landcover change is produced from the 1996-2001 NOAA C-CAP and...
C-CAP Land Cover, United States Virgin Islands, St Thomas, 2012
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set consists of land cover derived from high resolution imagery and was analyzed according to the Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) protocol to...
C-CAP Land Cover, United States Virgin Islands, St. Croix, 2012
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set consists of land cover derived from high resolution imagery and was analyzed according to the Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) protocol to...
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) photo-quadrat monitoring data table : Site number MID P2c
US Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior — This spreadsheet summarizes the number of corals photographed along a 26-meter transect line at Underwater Site P2-C at Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian...
European wind turbine testing procedure developments. Task 1: Measurement method to verify wind turbine performance characteristics
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hunter, R.; Friis Pedersen, Troels; Dunbabin, P.;
There is currently significant standardisation work ongoing in the context of wind farm energy yield warranty assessment and wind turbine power performance testing. A standards maintenance team is revising the current IEC (EN) 61400-12 Ed 1 standard forwind turbine power performance testing...
$f_0(500)$, $f_0(980)$ and $a_0(980)$ production in the $\\chi_{c1} \\to \\eta \\pi^+\\pi^-$ reaction
Liang, Wei-Hong; Oset, E
We study the $\\chi_{c1} \\to \\eta \\pi^+ \\pi^-$ decay, paying attention to the production of $f_0(500)$, $f_0(980)$ and $a_0(980)$ from the final state interaction of pairs of mesons that can lead to these three mesons in the final state, which is implemented using the chiral unitary approach. Very clean and strong signals are obtained for the $a_0(980)$ excitation in the $\\eta \\pi$ invariant mass distribution and for the $f_0(500)$ in the $\\pi^+ \\pi^-$ mass distribution. A smaller, but also clear signal for the $f_0(980)$ excitation is obtained. The results are contrasted with experimental data and the agreement found is good, providing yet one more test in support of the picture where these resonances are dynamically generated from the meson-meson interaction.
In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Dragon 's blood tree (Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f. of Socotra Island (Yemen
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Abu-Taleb Ahmed Yehia
Full Text Available Objective: To evaluate the performance of preliminary phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f. (Agavaceae (D. cinnabari resin, collected from Socotra Island (Yemen. Methods: The powdered stem resin is extracted with different solvents by using Soxhlet apparatus and evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against three Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus NCIM 2106, Staphylococcus aureus NCIM 2127, and Micrococcus luteus NCIM 2169, seven Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli NCIM 2924, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2863, Salmonella typhimurium NCIM 2501, Klebsiella aerogenes NCIM 2281, Proteus morganii NCIM 2860, Escherichia coli dh5α, Escherichia coli CSH and three fungi (Candida albicans MTCC 227, Aspergillus flavus MTCC 873, Aspergillus niger MTCC 1781. Results: The antimicrobial activity data revealed that, the selected microorganisms possess varied sensitivity response to chloroform extract followed by methanol and benzene extract of D. cinnabari stem resin. The samples also possess a potent DPPH, OH and SO radical scavenging activity. In addition, the preliminary phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and other organic compounds which could be reason for antimicrobial activities of D. cinnabari resin. Conclusions: The present study is strengthened for the discovery and development of new antioxidant and antimicrobial drugs from D. cinnabari resin which encourage us to continue with pure fractions.
In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Dragon's blood tree (Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f.) of Socotra Island (Yemen)
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Abu-Taleb Ahmed Yehia; Fahad Ahmed Mohsen Alzowahi; Tukaram Angadrao Kadam; Rafik Usman Shaikh
Objective: To evaluate the performance of preliminary phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f. (Agavaceae) (D. cinnabari) resin, collected from Socotra Island (Yemen).Methods:The powdered stem resin is extracted with different solvents by using Soxhlet apparatus and evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against three Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus NCIM 2106, Staphylococcus aureus NCIM 2127, and Micrococcus luteus NCIM 2169), seven Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli NCIM 2924, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2863, Salmonella typhimurium NCIM 2501, Klebsiella aerogenes NCIM 2281, Proteus morganii NCIM 2860, Escherichia coli dh5α, Escherichia coli CSH) and three fungi (Candida albicans MTCC 227, Aspergillus flavus MTCC 873, Aspergillus niger MTCC 1781). Results: The antimicrobial activity data revealed that, the selected microorganisms possess varied sensitivity response to chloroform extract followed by methanol and benzene extract of D.cinnabari stem resin. The samples also possess a potent DPPH, OH and SO radical scavenging activity. In addition, the preliminary phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and other organic compounds which could be reason for antimicrobial activities of D. cinnabari resin.Conclusions:The present study is strengthened for the discovery and development of new antioxidant and antimicrobial drugs from D. cinnabari resin which encourage us to continue with pure fractions.
从美军汽轮机油标准变化看舰船汽轮机油发展趋势%Analysis on the Impending Trend of Turbine Oils in Vessels Through the Changes in Turbine Oils Standards for American Military Use
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
王建华; 张博
The contents of three versions of turbine oil standards for U. S. Military PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION LU-BRICATING OIL, STEAM TURBINE AND GEAR, MODERATE SERVICE(MIL-PRF-17331) published in the past three dec-ades are compared, and the change and impending trend are evaluated and predicated. Physical and chemical properties, test methods, the specific indicators and requirement for the development of turbine oils are particularly analyzed and the re-flections for Chinese side are made. The research result shows that the increase or decrease of the items in the content of turbine oil standards for U. S military is in close correlation with the technique of equipment mechanics and turbine oil, and the physical and chemical properties are to meet the requirement from the military use, thus, the universality and environ-mental protection are highly addressed.%文章通过对30年内不同时期发行3个版本的美军汽轮机油标准《汽轮机和齿轮润滑油性能规范》(MIL-PRF-17331)内容的解读,对比研究了美军舰船汽轮机油标准内容演变与发展趋势,具体分析了理化性能及试验方法、特定指标、汽轮机油发展要求等三个方面的内容,提出了对我国汽轮机油发展变化的启示。研究结果表明,美军汽轮机油标准的项目增减是与装备机械技术与油品技术水平紧密相关的,对理化性能的要求与军用特点紧密结合,对通用性与环保要求提出了更高的要求。
Dynamic survey of wind turbine vibrations
Chiang, Chih-Hung; Hsu, Keng-Tsang; Cheng, Chia-Chi; Pan, Chieh-Chen; Huang, Chi-Luen; Cheng, Tao-Ming
Six wind turbines were blown to the ground by the wind gust during the attack of Typhoon Soudelor in August 2015. Survey using unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV, found the collapsed wind turbines had been broken at the lower section of the supporting towers. The dynamic behavior of wind turbine systems is thus in need of attention. The vibration of rotor blades and supporting towers of two wind turbine systems have been measured remotely using IBIS, a microwave interferometer. However the frequency of the rotor blade can be analyzed only if the microwave measurements are taken as the wind turbine is parked and secured. Time-frequency analyses such as continuous wavelet transform and reassigned spectrograms are applied to the displacement signals obtained. A frequency of 0.44Hz exists in both turbines B and C at various operating conditions. Possible links between dynamic characteristics and structural integrity of wind turbine -tower systems is discussed.
Aspects of metabolism in prolactinomas were investigated by positron emission tomography using L-[1-C-11]tyrosine, L-[methyl-C-11]methionine and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG). Using L-[1-C-11]tyrosine, four patients were monitored prior to and 18 h after an injection of 50 mg bromocryptine. At 18
C/NOFS Observations of AC Electric Field Fields Associated with Equatorial Spread-F
Pfaff, R.; Liebrecht, C.
The Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) on the C/NOFS equatorial satellite provides a unique data set in which to acquire detailed knowledge of irregularities associated with the equatorial ionosphere and in particular with spread-F depletions. We present vector AC electric field observations, primarily gathered within the ELF band (1 Hz to 250 Hz) on C/NOFS that address a variety of key questions regarding how plasma irregularities, from meter to kilometer scales, are created and evolve. The data will be used to explore the anisotropy/isotropy of the waves, their wavelength and phase velocity, as well as their spectral distributions. When analyzed in conjunction with the driving DC electric fields and detailed plasma number density measurements, the combined data reveal important information concerning the instability mechanisms themselves. We also present high resolution, vector measurements of intense lower hybrid waves that have been detected on numerous occasions by the VEFI burst memory VLF electric field channels.
XPS depth profile analysis of ArF immersion resists by using C60 ion beam
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Argon ion sputtering is one of the most accepted techniques for depth profiling in practical X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, while this technique is known to cause severe degradation especially with organic materials. Sputtering system using buckminsterfullerene (C60) ion beam has recently been introduced to XPS apparatus as a new sputtering tool for depth profiling. It enables the XPS depth analysis of organic materials such as photoresists without chemical damages. In this paper, the XPS analysis using the C60 ion sputtering was applied to examine the depth distributions of a fluoropolymer in ArF immersion resists to clarify the mechanism of the water-repellency change between the co-polymer and blend polymer. In addition, the depth profiling of the resist is compared to those observed with other techniques such as angle resolved XPS analysis and XPS analysis on the gradient shaved surfaces. (author)
Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation of RE(C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2)
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Meng Xiangxin; Shuai Qi; Chen Sanping; Xie Gang; Gao Shengli; Shi Qizhen
Four solid ternary complexes of RE (C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2) (RE=Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy) were synthesized in absolute ethanol by rare earth chloride low hydrate with the mixed ligands of ammonium pyrrolidinedi-thiocarbamate (APDC) and 1, 10-phenanthroline*H2O (o-phen*H2O) in the ordinary laboratory atmosphere without any cautions against moisture or air sensitivity. IR spectra of the complexes show that the RE3+ coordinated with six sulfur atoms of three PDC- and two nitrogen atoms of o-phen*H2O. It was assumed that the coordination number of RE3+ is eight. The constant-volume combustion energies of the complexes, ΔcU, were determined as (-16937.88±9.79 ), (-17588.79±8.62 ), (-17747.14±8.25 ) and (-17840.37±8.87 ) kJ*mol-1, by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard molar enthalpies of combustion, ΔcHθm, and standard molar enthalpies of formation, ΔfHθm, were calculated as (-16953.37±9.79), (-17604.28±8.62), (-17762.63±8.25), (-17855.86±8.87) kJ*mol-1 and (-857.04±10.52), (-282.43±9.58), (-130.08±9.13), (-55.75±9.83) kJ*mol-1.
Comparative response of platelet fV and plasma fV to activated protein C and relevance to a model of acute traumatic coagulopathy.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
James E Campbell
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC has been linked to an increase in activated protein C (aPC from 40 pM in healthy individuals to 175 pM. aPC exerts its activity primarily through cleavage of active coagulation factor Va (fVa. Platelets reportedly possess fVa which is more resistant to aPC cleavage than plasma fVa; this work examines the hypothesis that normal platelets are sufficient to maintain coagulation in the presence of elevated aPC. METHODS: Coagulation responses of normal plasma, fV deficient plasma (fVdp, and isolated normal platelets in fVdp were conducted: prothrombin (PT tests, turbidimetry, and thromboelastography (TEG, including the dose response of aPC on the samples. RESULTS: PT and turbidimetric assays demonstrate that normal plasma is resistant to aPC at doses much higher than those found in ATC. Additionally, an average physiological number of washed normal platelets (200,000 platelets/mm3 was sufficient to eliminate the anti-coagulant effects of aPC up to 10 nM, nearly two orders of magnitude above the ATC concentration and even the steady-state pharmacological concentration of human recombinant aPC, as measured by TEG. aPC also demonstrated no significant effect on clot lysis in normal plasma samples with or without platelets. CONCLUSIONS: Although platelet fVa shows slightly superior resistance to aPC's effects compared to plasma fVa in static models, neither fVa is sufficiently cleaved in simulations of ATC or pharmacologically-delivered aPC to diminish coagulation parameters. aPC is likely a correlative indicator of ATC or may play a cooperative role with other activity altering products generated in ATC.
Standards for medical device communication: X73 PoC-MDC.
Galarraga, Miguel; Serrano, Luis; Martínez, Ignacio; de Toledo, Paula
When using a number of medical devices from very different manufacturers with different proprietary formats the problem of a lack of interoperability emerges. Connectivity and communications are then limited and the systems and users can not exploit all the possibilities that Information and Communication Technologies offer today. The use and application of standards can be the solution to bring light to this confusion of languages in this Tower of Babel. There are several standards applicable to medical information systems interoperability and, analyzing these different options, the X73 PoC-MDC (ISO11073/IEEE1073) set of standards for Point of Care Medical Device Communication is the best positioned international standard to provide interoperability in these communications. PMID:17095823
Investigation of Advanced Processed Single-Crystal Turbine Blade Alloys
Peters, B. J.; Biondo, C. M.; DeLuca, D. P.
This investigation studied the influence of thermal processing and microstructure on the mechanical properties of the single-crystal, nickel-based superalloys PWA 1482 and PWA 1484. The objective of the program was to develop an improved single-crystal turbine blade alloy that is specifically tailored for use in hydrogen fueled rocket engine turbopumps. High-gradient casting, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), and alternate heat treatment (HT) processing parameters were developed to produce pore-free, eutectic-free microstructures with different (gamma)' precipitate morphologies. Test materials were cast in high thermal gradient solidification (greater than 30 C/cm (137 F/in.)) casting furnaces for reduced dendrite arm spacing, improved chemical homogeneity, and reduced interdendritic pore size. The HIP processing was conducted in 40 cm (15.7 in.) diameter production furnaces using a set of parameters selected from a trial matrix study. Metallography was conducted on test samples taken from each respective trial run to characterize the as-HIP microstructure. Post-HIP alternate HT processes were developed for each of the two alloys. The goal of the alternate HT processing was to fully solution the eutectic gamma/(gamma)' phase islands and to develop a series of modified (gamma)' morphologies for subsequent characterization testing. This was accomplished by slow cooling through the (gamma)' solvus at controlled rates to precipitate volume fractions of large (gamma)'. Post-solution alternate HT parameters were established for each alloy providing additional volume fractions of finer precipitates. Screening tests included tensile, high-cycle fatigue (HCF), smooth and notched low-cycle fatigue (LCF), creep, and fatigue crack growth evaluations performed in air and high pressure (34.5 MPa (5 ksi)) hydrogen at room and elevated temperature. Under the most severe embrittling conditions (HCF and smooth and notched LCF in 34.5 MPa (5 ksi) hydrogen at 20 C (68 F), screening test
一种C8051F单片机读取SSI信号的设计%Design Method of C8051F MCU Acquire SSI Signal
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
金彧; 金克一; 许海洪
目前许多角度编码器将采集后的角度数字量通过SSI接口输出,供处理器读取。基于C8051F单片机内部所带PCA0可编程计数器阵列外设,设计一种适用于读取SSI接口信号的接口。通过实际应用运行,证明该设计方案稳定可靠,并且配置灵活,完全符合SSI接口协议标准。%Nowadays there are so many angular encoders use SSI to output digital data. In this article, C8051F MCU's digital peripheral Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)is used to design an interface to acquire the Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI). Through practical operation,it is verified that this design method is stable and reliable, also flexible,and in full compliance with the SSI protocol standard.
cDNA library Table: F1mg [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available F1mg NA F1mg F1 (J150 x J203) midgut fourth instar larval stage D2 mixed pBluescrip...t SK- EcoR1 for 5' Xho1for 3' sequenced from T3 primer (5' -> 3') BY917461-BY918785,BY925786-BY927071 E_ET_F1mg_[number]_F_0,E_ET_F1mg_[number]_R_0 ...
Density Functional Studies of the C-F Bond Activation of CF3 Radical by Bare Co +
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张冬菊; 刘成卜; 胡海泉; 刘永军
The C—F bond activation mechanism of CF3 radical by bare Co + has been studied by density functional theory. Three local minima and two first-order saddle points were located for the potential energy surface (PES) of [Co, C, F3] + . The activation barrier involving C-F bond activation was calculated to be only 14.73 kJ/mol, while the largest barrier of 149.29 kJ/mol on the PES involves Co-C bond rupture.The bonding mechanism between Co + , C and F atoms were discussed based on Mulliken population. The relevant bond dissociation energy and thermochmistry data were calculated with the limited experimental values, and the results are in good agreement with the experimental findings.
Distribution of Phosphorus between CaO-CaF2 Slag and Fe-C-P Melt
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
WANG Qing-xiang; ZHOU Jian-jian; DU Xiao-jian
The equilibrium distribution ratio of phosphorus between CaO-CaF2 molten slag and Fe-C-P melt at 1450 ℃ was measured. The phosphate capacity of slag and the activity coefficient of phosphorus oxide were calculated.
A comparative investigation of γ-ray and C5+ ion beam impact on thermoluminescence response of Mg2BO3F:Dy phosphor
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mg2BO3F:Dy phosphor is a low Z material with an effective atomic number 9.92. This phosphor was synthesized by two different methods, because the solid state method failed to produce single phase Mg2BO3F:Dy phosphor. This study reports a comparative investigation of γ-ray and C5+ ion beam impact on thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Mg2BO3F:Dy phosphor. TRIM/SRIM calculations were performed to correlate the changes in TL properties of Mg2BO3F:Dy phosphor. Phosphor possesses good TL response towards γ-rays as well as C5+ ion beam irradiation. TL glow curves of the C5+ ion irradiated phosphor show a small shift in the position of the glow peaks towards the lower temperature side. With an increase in energy of the ion beam increase in TL intensity was observed. This increase in the TL efficiency with a decrease in linear energy transfer (LET) agrees well with the results reported in literature. Trapping parameters of the γ-ray and C5+ ion beam irradiated phosphor were calculated from the TL data using computerized glow curve deconvolution method. The trapping analysis suggests that ion beam irradiation causes only minor changes in the activation energy. The different types of defects responsible for TL glow curves were identified using the EPR technique. - Highlights: • A promising high sensitive Mg2BO3F:Dy (low Zeff) phosphor was firstly reported. • Effect of C5+ ion beam irradiation on TL properties was investigated in detail. • Glow peaks found to be stable over ion beam irradiation. • The phosphor found to be 4.8 times more sensitive than standard CaSO4:Dy. • This work provides a potential dosimetric material for ion beam dosimetry
Materials for advanced ultrasupercritical steam turbines
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Purgert, Robert [Energy Industries Of Ohio Inc., Independence, OH (United States); Shingledecker, John [Energy Industries Of Ohio Inc., Independence, OH (United States); Saha, Deepak [Energy Industries Of Ohio Inc., Independence, OH (United States); Thangirala, Mani [Energy Industries Of Ohio Inc., Independence, OH (United States); Booras, George [Energy Industries Of Ohio Inc., Independence, OH (United States); Powers, John [Energy Industries Of Ohio Inc., Independence, OH (United States); Riley, Colin [Energy Industries Of Ohio Inc., Independence, OH (United States); Hendrix, Howard [Energy Industries Of Ohio Inc., Independence, OH (United States)
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Ohio Coal Development Office (OCDO) have sponsored a project aimed at identifying, evaluating, and qualifying the materials needed for the construction of the critical components of coal-fired power plants capable of operating at much higher efficiencies than the current generation of supercritical plants. This increased efficiency is expected to be achieved principally through the use of advanced ultrasupercritical (A-USC) steam conditions. A limiting factor in this can be the materials of construction for boilers and for steam turbines. The overall project goal is to assess/develop materials technology that will enable achieving turbine throttle steam conditions of 760°C (1400°F)/35MPa (5000 psi). This final technical report covers the research completed by the General Electric Company (GE) and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), with support from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) – Albany Research Center, to develop the A-USC steam turbine materials technology to meet the overall project goals. Specifically, this report summarizes the industrial scale-up and materials property database development for non-welded rotors (disc forgings), buckets (blades), bolting, castings (needed for casing and valve bodies), casting weld repair, and casting to pipe welding. Additionally, the report provides an engineering and economic assessment of an A-USC power plant without and with partial carbon capture and storage. This research project successfully demonstrated the materials technology at a sufficient scale and with corresponding materials property data to enable the design of an A-USC steam turbine. The key accomplishments included the development of a triple-melt and forged Haynes 282 disc for bolted rotor construction, long-term property development for Nimonic 105 for blading and bolting, successful scale-up of Haynes 282 and Nimonic 263 castings using
C-Band Airport Surface Communications System Standards Development, Phase I
Hall, Edward; Isaacs, James; Zelkin, Natalie; Henriksen. Steve
This document is being provided as part of ITT's NASA Glenn Research Center Aerospace Communication Systems Technical Support (ACSTS) contract NNC05CA85C, Task 7: "New ATM Requirements--Future Communications, C-Band and L-Band Communications Standard Development." The proposed future C-band (5091- to 5150-MHz) airport surface communication system, referred to as the Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS), is anticipated to increase overall air-to-ground data communications systems capacity by using a new spectrum (i.e., not very high frequency (VHF)). Although some critical services could be supported, AeroMACS will also target noncritical services, such as weather advisory and aeronautical information services as part of an airborne System Wide Information Management (SWIM) program. AeroMACS is to be designed and implemented in a manner that will not disrupt other services operating in the C-band. This report defines the AeroMACS concepts of use, high-level system requirements, and architecture; the performance of supporting system analyses; the development of AeroMACS test and demonstration plans; and the establishment of an operational AeroMACS capability in support of C-band aeronautical data communications standards to be advanced in both international (International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO) and national (RTCA) forums. This includes the development of system parameter profile recommendations for AeroMACS based on existing Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) 802.16e- 2009 standards
Potential Hazards Relating to Pyrolysis of c-C4F8 in Selected Gaseous Diffusion Plant Operations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
As part of a program intended to replace the present evaporative coolant at the gaseous diffusion plants (GDPs) with a non-ozone-depleting alternate, a series of investigations of the suitability of candidate substitutes in under way. One issue concerning a primary candidate, c-C4F8, is the possibility that it might produce the highly toxic perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) in high temperature environments. This study was commissioned to determine the likelihood and severity of decomposition under two specific high temperature thermal environments, namely the use of a flame test for the presence of coolant vapors and welding in the presence of coolant vapors. The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate available data to provide information that will allow the technical and industrial hygiene staff at the GDPs to perform appropriate safety evaluations and to determine the need for field testing or experimental work. The scope of this study included a literature search and an evaluation of the information developed therefrom. Part of that evaluation consists of chemical kinetics modeling of coolant decomposition in the two operational environments. The general conclusions are that PFIB formation is unlikely in either situation but that it cannot be ruled out completely under extreme conditions. The presence of oxygen, moisture, and combustion products will tend to lead to formation of oxidation products (COF2, CO, CO2, and HF) rather than PFIB
SnF2标准生成Gibbs自由能的测定%Measurement of SnF2 Standard Gibbs Free Energy of Formation
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
韩元山; 王常珍; 田彦文; 翟玉春
采用LaF3单晶(掺杂)作为固体电解质,在多次抽空充氩气的操作箱内,将Pb,Sn磨细过筛,按照4∶1的比例分别将Pb,PbF2,Sn,SnF2混合并压成片.Pb-PbF2为参比电极,Sn-SnF2为工作电极,银丝为电极引线组成工作电池.电池的结构为:(+)Ag|Pb,PbF2|LaF3单晶(掺杂) |Sn,SnF2|Ag(-).用高阻数字电压表准确测定了电池在293.15~353.15K范围内的电动势.以两种PbF2标准生成Gibbs自由能数据和电池电动势为基础,计算得到SnF2标准生成自由能同温度的关系.电池电动势测量的实验误差远远小于PbF2标准生成Gibbs自由能数据中所给定的误差,采用两种不同的PbF2标准生成Gibbs自由能数据所得到的SnF2标准生成自由能的数值,彼此之间的偏差很小.所以上述两种计算结果都是可靠的.
Wind Climate Parameters for Wind Turbine Fatigue Load Assessment
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Toft, Henrik Stensgaard; Svenningsen, Lasse; Moser, Wolfgang;
Site-specific assessment of wind turbine design requires verification that the individual wind turbine components can survive the site-specific wind climate. The wind turbine design standard, IEC 61400-1 (third edition), describes how this should be done using a simplified, equivalent wind climat...
Duration Test Report for the Entegrity EW50 Wind Turbine
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Smith, J.; Huskey, A.; Jager, D.; Hur, J.
This report summarizes the results of a duration test that NREL conducted on the Entegrity EW50 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commissions' (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator System Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed.2.0, 2006-03.
14 CFR 25.939 - Turbine engine operating characteristics.
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Turbine engine operating characteristics... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant General § 25.939 Turbine engine operating characteristics. (a) Turbine engine operating characteristics must be investigated...
[Silencing of Dominant Genes in Heterozygous Genotypes of Interspecific Hybrids Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. x C2026 F. homotropicum Ohnishi].
Fesenko, N N; Fesenko, I N
Fagopyrum homotropicum Ohnishi is a very polymorphic self-pollinating species with homostylous flowers, which morphologically different lineages are differ also in ability to hybridize with F. esculentum Moench. (closely related outcrosser with heterostyly). A lineage C2026 F. homotropicum diverged from F. esculentum with forming noticeable pre-zygotic and post-zygotic barriers: the most successful interspecific crossing F esculentum x C2026 resulted wrinkled hybrid seeds germinated in Petri dishes. These interspecific hybrids and backcrosses F. esculentum x F₁, being heterozygous at loci DET/det, SHT/sht and homostyly gene of F. homotropicum, in our experiments often formed phenotype like a recessive homozygote for at least one of these genes, i.e. dominant alleles were silenced. Apparently, these effects can be caused by disorders of epigenetic regulation associated with the divergence of hybridized species. Such disorders, especially those that occur at the stage of seed development, represent one of the main experimentally confirmed mechanisms of pre-zygotic isolation between species. Apparently, F. esculentum and the lineage C2026 of F. homotropicum represent an example of intermediate stage of post-zygotic isolation development process which based on epigenetic deregulation of gene expression in the hybrids. Sometimes it may be revealed not only at the stage of seed development, but also at later stages of ontogenesis. PMID:27529977
Regulation of Trib2 by an E2F1-C/EBPα feedback loop in AML cell proliferation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rishi, Loveena; Hannon, Maura; Salomè, Mara;
α (C/EBPα)-p42, occurs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), resulting in the perturbation of cell cycle and apoptosis, emphasizing its importance in the molecular pathogenesis of AML. Here we show that E2F family members directly regulate Trib2 in leukemic cells and identify a feedback regulatory loop...... cycle or Trib2 knockdown resulted in a block in AML cell proliferation. Our work proposes a novel paradigm whereby E2F1 plays a key role in the regulation of Trib2 expression important for AML cell proliferation control. Importantly, we identify the contribution of dysregulated C/EBPα and E2F1 to...
Duração de Macaulay : fórmulas simplificadas de cálculo
Ferreira, João da Silva
Deduz-se uma nova fórmula simplificada para o cálculo da duração de Macaulay. Mostra-se que esta fórmula permite uma compreensão intuitiva de vários teoremas sobre a duração. Finalmente, mostra-se como se podem deduzir com base nos mesmos resultados outras fórmulas simplificadas de cálculo da duração de Macaulay obtidas por outros investigadores.
基于火电站汽轮机标准化安装过程的动态仿真研究%Dynamic Simulation Research Based on the Steam Turbine Standardization Installation Process of Power Plant
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李少华; 张庆喆; 车德勇; 王虎
随着电力工业的快速发展,600MW和1 000MW等大型火电机组越来越多,并已成为主力发电机组,针对大型火电站汽轮机安装过程的复杂性,利用三维可视化仿真技术对整个火电站汽轮机安装过程进行三维动态仿真,并辅以图形、语音、文字等多媒体方式说明施工过程中的施工方法、施工工艺、技术标准等,构建汽轮机安装过程标准化方案,开发"火电站汽轮机建设过程仿真系统".系统的开发对于汽轮机施工行业确定科学的施工方法、运用先进的工艺技术以及培养高素质的施工队伍具有重要的意义,并极大地促进了汽轮机施工行业的科技进步.%Following the rapid development of the power industry,600MW and 1000MW thermal power units are more and more,and has become the main generator sets,Aiming at the complexity of the installation process for steam turbine,3-D visualization techniques was used dynamic simulation of the entire power plant steam turbine installation process,Supplemented by graphics,voice,text and other multimedia means that every installation process of the construction method,construction technology,technical standards etc,Building thermal power station civil construction process standardizationconstruction scheme,Development the steam turbine installation process of 3-D visualization dynamic simulation system.The development of the system for steam turbine construction industry determine scientific construction method,using advanced technology and cultivate high-quality construction team has an important meaning,and greatly promoted the turbine construction industry science and technology progress.
Persistent volcanic signature observed around Barren Island, Andaman Sea, India
Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)
Laluraj, C.M.; Balachandran, K.K.; Sabu, P.S.; Panampunnayil, U.
Survey of India 129(3): 59?61. Haldar D, and Luhr J F (2003) The Barren Island volcanism during 1991 and 1994?95: eruptive style and lava petrology. Members of Geological Society of India 52: 313?338. Hegerl, G.C., Crowley, T.J., Baum, S.K., Kim, K...
(11)C- and (18)F-Labeled Radioligands for P-Glycoprotein Imaging by Positron Emission Tomography.
Cantore, Mariangela; Benadiba, Marcel; Elsinga, Philip H; Kwizera, Chantal; Dierckx, Rudi A J O; Colabufo, Nicola Antonio; Luurtsema, Gert
P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter widely expressed at the human blood-brain barrier. It is involved in xenobiotics efflux and in onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. For these reasons, there is great interest in the assessment of P-gp expression and function by noninvasive techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). Three radiolabeled aryloxazole derivatives: 2-[2-(2-methyl-((11)C)-5-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline ([(11)C]-5); 2-[2-(2-fluoromethyl-((18)F)-5-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydroisoquinoline ([(18)F]-6); and 2-[2-(2-fluoroethyl-((18)F)-5-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline ([(18)F]-7), were tested in several in vitro biological assays to assess the effect of the aryl substituent in terms of potency and mechanism of action toward P-gp. Methyl derivative [(11)C]-5 is a potent P-gp substrate, whereas the corresponding fluoroethyl derivative [(18)F]-7 is a P-gp inhibitor. Fluoromethyl compound [(18)F]-6 is classified as a non-transported P-gp substrate, because its efflux increases after cyclosporine A modulation. These studies revealed a promising substrate and inhibitor, [(11)C]-5 and [(18)F]-7, respectively, for in vivo imaging of P-gp by using PET.
Applying Improved Electrical Breakdown Model to Study Insulating Property of c-C4F8/N2 Gas Mixture%Applying Improved Electrical Breakdown Model to Study Insulating Property of c-C4F8/N2Gas Mixture
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LI Xue-wen; XIAO Deng-ming
Perfluorocyclobutane(c-C4F8) has been recently considered as a potential alternative to SF6,because of its high electro-negativity and extremely low environmental effect.However,due to its high boiling point,c-C4F8 should mixed with buffer gases such as N2 or CO2 in order to avoid the liquefaction at low temperature.This paper investigates insulating properties of c-C4F8/N2 gas mixtures from two aspects including electrical strength,and Global Warming Potential(GWP).Moreover,improved electrical breakdown model of gas mixtures is founded.Breakdown temperature and breakdown electrical field in gas mixtures can be obtained from rigorous Townsend criterion expression according to gas mixtures ratio and cross section data of gas mixtures in this model.Under the condition of different gas pressure (0.1~0.4 Mpa),gas mixtures ratio(0~30%),and electrode gap(2~10 mm),breakdown voltages of gas mixtures are calculated by using of this model.Insulation strength of SF6/N2 mixed gas is compared with c-C4F8/N2 mixed gas in the same conditions.Research results show that theoretical computation corresponds with experiment.If the content of c-C4F8 or SF6 in mixtures is less than 30%,insulation strength between c-C4F8/N2 and SF6/N2 is very close.Considering two indexes (breakdown voltage,GWP),it is suitable for c-C4F8 content being 15%~20% in c-C4F8/N2 gas mixtures.
Fluorination of diamond — C 4F 9I and CF 3I photochemistry on diamond (100)
Smentkowski, Vincent S.; Yates, John T.; Chen, Xiaojie; Goddard, William A.
The radiation-induced decomposition of C 4F 9I and CF 3I overlayers at 119 K on diamond (100) surfaces has been shown to be an efficient route to fluorination of the diamond surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used for photoactivation as well as for studying the photodecomposition of the fluoroalkyl iodide molecules, the attachment of the photofragments to the diamond surface, and the thermal decomposition of the fluoroalkyl ligands. Measured chemical shifts agree well with ab initio calculations of both C 1s and F 1s binding energies. It is found that chemisorbed CF 3 groups on diamond (100) decompose by 300 K whereas C 4F 9 groups decompose over the range 300 to ˜ 700 K and this reactivity difference is rationalized on steric grounds. Both of these thermal decomposition processes produce surface CF bonds on the diamond. The surface CF species thermally decompose over a wide temperature range extending up to 1500 K. Hydrogen passivation of the diamond surface is ineffective in preventing free radical attack from the photodissociated products of the fluoroalkyl iodides; I atoms produced photolytically abstract H from surface CH bonds to yield hydrogen iodide at 119 K allowing diamond fluorination. The attachment of chemisorbed F species to the diamond (100) surface causes band bending as the surface states are occupied as a result of chemisorption. This results in a shift to higher binding energy of the diamond-related C 1s levels present in the surface and subsurface regions which are sampled by XPS on the diamond. The use of photoactivation of fluoroalkyl iodides for the fluorination of diamond surfaces provides a convenient route compared to other methods involving the action of atomic F, molecular F 2, XeF 2 and F-containing plasmas.
Catalytic converter for next generation turbine engines
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Saruhan, B.; Schulz, U.; Leyens, C. [German Aerospace Center (DLR), Inst. of Materials Research, Cologne (Germany)
EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used on advanced turbine blades to increase the engine efficiency and improve the blade performance. partially yttria stabilized zirconia (PYSZ) is the standard material for current TBC applications. Lower thermal stability of the PYSZ-based TBCs, however, seriously affects the performance at demanding service temperatures. For the new generation turbines where higher operating gas temperatures (> 1200 C) are to expect, the performance of turbine blades can be improved by replacing the state-art-of-material PYSZ with superior thermal barrier coatings which belong to different crystal structures such as magnetoplumbite. Magnetoplumbite structure through its interlocking grain morphology and unique crystal structure provides essentially a sintering resistant, low thermal conductive layer, but also imparts a catalytic layer to reduce the environmentally harmful substances produced during propulsion and increase the catalytic performance. The complex structures of these compounds make it difficult to realize by conventional methods and requires careful adjustment of process parameters. The morphology and crystallographic aspects of these coatings as well as the mechanisms controlling the improvement are highlighted. (orig.)
The k-ε-fP model applied to wind farms
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Laan, van der, Paul Maarten; Sørensen, Niels N.; Réthoré, Pierre-Elouan;
The recently developed k-ε-fP eddy-viscosity model is applied to one on-shore and two off-shore wind farms. The results are compared with power measurements and results of the standard k-ε eddy-viscosity model. In addition, the wind direction uncertainty of the measurements is used to correct...... by the turbulence models becomes smaller for wind turbines that are located further downstream. Moreover, the difference between the capability of the turbulence models to estimate the wind farm efficiency reduces with increasing wind farm size and wind turbine spacing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd....... the model results with a Gaussian filter. The standard k-ε eddy-viscosity model underpredicts the power deficit of the first downstream wind turbines, whereas the k-ε-fP eddy-viscosity model shows a good agreement with the measurements. However, the difference in the power deficit predicted...
The O({alpha}{sup 3}{sub s}n{sub f}T{sup 2}{sub F}C{sub A,F}) contributions to the gluonic massive operator matrix elements
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bluemlein, Johannes; Hasselhuhn, Alexander [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen (Germany); Klein, Sebastian [Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik E; Schneider, Carsten [Johannes Kepler Univ., Linz (Austria). Research Inst. for Symbolic Computation
The O({alpha}{sub s}{sup 3}n{sub f}T{sub F}{sup 2}C{sub A,F}) terms to the massive gluonic operator matrix elements are calculated for general values of the Mellin variable N. These twist-2 matrix elements occur as transition functions in the variable flavor number scheme at NNLO. The calculation uses sum-representations in generalized hypergeometric series turning into harmonic sums. The analytic continuation to complex values of N is provided.
APC/C and SCF(cyclin F) Constitute a Reciprocal Feedback Circuit Controlling S-Phase Entry.
Choudhury, Rajarshi; Bonacci, Thomas; Arceci, Anthony; Lahiri, Debojyoti; Mills, Christine A; Kernan, Jennifer L; Branigan, Timothy B; DeCaprio, James A; Burke, Daniel J; Emanuele, Michael J
The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an ubiquitin ligase and core component of the cell-cycle oscillator. During G1 phase, APC/C binds to its substrate receptor Cdh1 and APC/C(Cdh1) plays an important role in restricting S-phase entry and maintaining genome integrity. We describe a reciprocal feedback circuit between APC/C and a second ubiquitin ligase, the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box). We show that cyclin F, a cell-cycle-regulated substrate receptor (F-box protein) for the SCF, is targeted for degradation by APC/C. Furthermore, we establish that Cdh1 is itself a substrate of SCF(cyclin F). Cyclin F loss impairs Cdh1 degradation and delays S-phase entry, and this delay is reversed by simultaneous removal of Cdh1. These data indicate that the coordinated, temporal ordering of cyclin F and Cdh1 degradation, organized in a double-negative feedback loop, represents a fundamental aspect of cell-cycle control. This mutual antagonism could be a feature of other oscillating systems.
Regulation of Trib2 by an E2F1-C/EBPα feedback loop in AML cell proliferation.
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
Rishi, Loveena
The loss of regulation of cell proliferation is a key event in leukemic transformation, and the oncogene tribbles (Trib)2 is emerging as a pivotal target of transcription factors in acute leukemias. Deregulation of the transcription factor E2F1, normally repressed by CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C\\/EBPα)-p42, occurs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), resulting in the perturbation of cell cycle and apoptosis, emphasizing its importance in the molecular pathogenesis of AML. Here we show that E2F family members directly regulate Trib2 in leukemic cells and identify a feedback regulatory loop for E2F1, C\\/EBPα, and Trib2 in AML cell proliferation and survival. Further analyses revealed that E2F1-mediated Trib2 expression was repressed by C\\/EBPα-p42, and in normal granulocyte\\/macrophage progenitor cells, we detect C\\/EBPα bound to the Trib2 promoter. Pharmacological inhibition of the cell cycle or Trib2 knockdown resulted in a block in AML cell proliferation. Our work proposes a novel paradigm whereby E2F1 plays a key role in the regulation of Trib2 expression important for AML cell proliferation control. Importantly, we identify the contribution of dysregulated C\\/EBPα and E2F1 to elevated Trib2 expression and leukemic cell survival, which likely contributes to the initiation and maintenance of AML and may have significant implications for normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
Do androgens control the uptake of {sup 18}F-FDG, {sup 11}C-choline and {sup 11}C-acetate in human prostate cancer cell lines?
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Emonds, Kimy M.; Nuyts, Johan; Mortelmans, Luc [University Hospital Gasthuisberg Leuven, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leuven (Belgium); Swinnen, Johannes V.; Vanderhoydonc, Frank [K.U. Leuven, Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Leuven (Belgium); Weerden, Wytske M. van [Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Experimental Urology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Rotterdam (Netherlands); Mottaghy, Felix M. [University Hospital Gasthuisberg Leuven, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leuven (Belgium); University Hospital Aachen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aachen (Germany); Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht (Netherlands)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of androgen ablation therapy in different prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines - reflecting different stages of the disease - on {sup 18}F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), {sup 11}C-choline and {sup 11}C-acetate uptake. Uptake experiments were performed in androgen-sensitive (LNCaP, PC346C) and independent cell lines (22Rv1, PC346DCC, PC-3) as well as in a benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1) cell line. Tracer uptake was assessed under androgen ablation. Results of the cancer cell lines were normalized to those of BPH-1. To evaluate the effect of androgen on the uptake of {sup 18}F-FDG, {sup 11}C-choline and {sup 11}C-acetate in PCa cell lines, 10{sup -8}M R1881, 10{sup -10}M R1881, the combination of 10{sup -10}M R1881 plus 10{sup -6}M Casodex or 10{sup -6}M Casodex alone were added in parallel cell cultures 1 day before uptake experiments. Uptake in androgen-supplemented cell cultures was compared to the uptake under androgen deprivation. Uptake was corrected for cell number using protein content. Compared to BPH-1, a higher {sup 18}F-FDG uptake was observed only in PC346C cells, whereas a higher {sup 11}C-choline and markedly increased {sup 11}C-acetate uptake was seen in all cancer cell lines. Androgens significantly modulated the uptake of {sup 18}F-FDG in LNCaP, PC346C and 22Rv1 cells, and of {sup 11}C-choline in the PC346C and 22Rv1 cell line. No androgenic effect on {sup 11}C-choline and {sup 18}F-FDG uptake was observed in PC-3 and PC346DCC cells. {sup 11}C-Acetate uptake was independent of androgen status in all PCa cell lines studied. {sup 18}F-FDG uptake in PCa cell lines showed the highest variability and strongest androgen effect, suggesting its poor potential for metabolic imaging of advanced PCa. In contrast to {sup 18}F-FDG and {sup 11}C-choline, {sup 11}C-acetate uptake was unaffected by androgens and thus {sup 11}C-acetate seems best for monitoring PCa progression. (orig.)
基于C8051F040单片机的最小CAN总线系统%The Minimum CAN Bus System Based on C8051F040 MCU
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
金智鹏; 姚凯学; 蒋宏艳
New Horizons in C-F Activation by Main Group Electrophiles
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ozerov, Oleg V. [Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
This technical report describes progress on the DOE sponsored project "New Horizons in C-F Activation by Main Group Electrophiles" during the period of 09/15/2010 – 08/31/2015. The main goal of this project was to develop improved catalysts for conversion of carbon-fluorine bonds in potentially harmful compounds. The approach involved combining of a highly reactive positively charged main-group compound with a highly unreactive negatively charged species (anions) as a way to access potent catalysts for carbon-fluorine bond activation. This report details progress made in improving synthetic pathways to a variety of new anions with improved properties and analysis of their potential in catalysis.
Angela Borgia: C.F. Meyer's 'Göttliche Komodie'
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
G. Oberprieler
Full Text Available The harmonious, almost idyllic ending of C.F. Meyer's last completed novella Angela Borgia must seem surprising in the context of his prose work as a whole. It is believed to reflect the intensified desire of the ageing and sickly poet to find a small livable 'paradise' in this world, based on Christian values. Man's possible redemption and moral development are shown in the person of Giulio in strong parallel with Dante's way to heavenly Paradise in the Divine Comedy. The fundamental difference between the two works lies, however, in the fact that the realist Meyer at the end of the 19th Century transfers Dante's poetic vision of the hereafter not only to this world, but to a large extent to the physical sphere within man himself.
JRC Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) F4P platform
Gobron, Nadine; Adams, Jennifer; Cappucci, Fabrizio; Lanconelli, Christian; Morgan, Olivier; Mota, Bernado; Robustelli, Monica
This paper presents the Climate Change Copernicus Service (C3S) fitness-for-purpose (F4P) platform which is actually developed at the Joint Research Centre. This platform aims at monitoring several Earth Observation (EO) land Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) accuracies by assessing their compliance against GCOS criteria. One component uses a quality 3-D radiative transfer modelled-based approach for assessing 1) the ground-based measurements protocols traditionally used to validate EO products and 2) several space retrieval algorithms. In the second module, we propose an automatic review of their quality at global and regional scale and present new metrics, such as the Gamma Index, to check GCOS criteria compliance, including the stability assessment.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
韩宝; 刘小寒
Ne matrix spectra of the sym-C6Br3F3+ radical cation
Bondybey, V.E.; Sears, T.J.; Miller, T.A.; Vaughn, C.; English, J.H.; Shiley, R.S.
The electronic absorption and laser excited, wavelength resolved fluorescence spectra of the title cation have been observed in solid Ne matrix and vibrationally analysed. The vibrational structure of the excited B2A2??? state shows close similarity to the parent compound. The X2E??? ground state structure is strongly perturbed and irregular owing to a large Jahn-Teller distortion. The data are analysed in terms of a recently developed, sophisticated multimode Jahn-Teller theoretical model. We have generated the sym-C6Br3F3+ cations in solid Ne matrix and obtained their wavelength resolved emission and absorption spectra. T ground electronic X2E??? state exhibits an irregular and strongly perturbed vibrational structure, which can be successfully modeled using sophisticated multimode Jahn-Teller theory. ?? 1981.
Neue biosensorische Prinzipien für die Hämoglobin-A1c Bestimmung
Stöllner, Daniela
Hämoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) ist ein Hämoglobin (Hb)-Subtypus, der durch nicht-enzymatische Glykierung des N-terminalen Valinrestes der Hämoglobin-beta-Kette entsteht. Das gemessene Verhältnis von HbA1c zum Gesamt-Hämoglobin (5-20 % bei Diabetikern) repräsentiert den Mittelwert der Blutglucosekonzentration über einen zweimonatigen Zeitraum und stellt zur Beurteilung der diabetischen Stoffwechsellage eine Ergänzung zur Akutkontrolle der Glukosekonzentration dar. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, einen amperometrischen Biosensor für die Bestimmung des medizinisch relevanten Parameters HbA1c zu entwickeln. Durch Selektion geeigneter Bioerkennungselemente und deren Immobilisierung unter Erhalt der Bindungsfunktion für die Zielmoleküle Hämoglobin bzw. HbA1c wurden spezifische, hochaffine und regenerationsstabile Sensoroberflächen geschaffen. Für die Entwicklung des HbA1c-Biosensors wurden zwei Konzepte - Enzymsensor und Immunosensor - miteinander verglichen. Die enzymatische Umsetzung von HbA1c erfolgte mit der Fructosylamin Oxidase (FAO) aus Pichia pastoris N 1-1 unter Freisetzung von H2O2, welches sowohl optisch über eine Indikatorreaktion als auch elektrochemisch nach Einschluss der FAO in PVA-SbQ und Fixierung des Immobilisats vor einer H2O2-Elektrode nachgewiesen wurde. Die Kalibration des Enzymsensors mit der HbA1c-Modellsubstanz Fructosyl-Valin ergab Nachweisgrenzen, die ausserhalb des physiologisch relevanten HbA1c-Konzentrationsbereich lagen. Aus der Umsetzung von glykierten Peptiden mit einer nicht HbA1c analogen Aminosäurensequenz, z.B. Fructosyl-Valin-Glycin wurde zudem eine geringe HbA1c-Spezifität abgeleitet. Für den Immunosensor wurden zwei heterogene Immunoassay-Formate unter Verwendung von hochaffinen und spezifischen Antikörpern in Kombination mit Glucose Oxidase (GOD) als Markerenzym zum Nachweis von HbA1c untersucht. Beim indirekt-kompetitiven Immunoassay wurde anstelle des kompletten HbA1c-Moleküls das glykierte Pentapeptid
Phylogeography of the Land Snail Eobania vermiculata (O.F. Müller, 1774 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata along the Croatian Coast and Islands
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jasna Puizina
Full Text Available Eobania vermiculata (O.F. Müller, 1774, is a typical Mediterranean species of large land snails. Nonindigenous populations of this species, however, are already established in the USA, Australia and elsewhere in the world, where this species is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest and invasive species. The aims of this study were: 1 to determine the pattern of genetic variation within the Croatian E. vermiculata populations based on analyses of sequence diversity of two mitochondrial genes, 16S rDNA and the cytochrome oxidase I (COI, and 2 to shed more light upon the phylogeography of E. vermiculata in this area. Seventy-seven specimens of land snail Eobania vermiculata were sampled at 19 sampling sites along Croatian coastal region and islands. The partial 16S rRNA gene sequences (379 bp grouped into 14 haplotypes, whereas the partial COI gene sequences (523 bp grouped into 13 haplotypes. The overall population is characterized by relatively high haplotype (gene diversity (0.719±0.042 for 16S rDNA and 0.869±0.020 for COI. Demographic Fu F's tests and Tajima's D value indicated no significant change in the population size, thus suggesting long historical presence of E. vermiculata in this region. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis, Bayesian inference and median joining haplotype network showed a genetic splitting of Croatian 16S rRNA and COI sequences, with a clear distinction between south-Adriatic and north-Adriatic haplotypes. A possible explanation for the observed phylogeography of E. vermiculata, could be related to the climate change, glaciations and the Adriatic Sea level oscillations during the Quaternary
Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation of RE(C5H8NS2)3(o-phen)
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
MENG Xiang-Xin; GAO Sheng-Li; CHEN San-Ping; YANG Xu-Wu; XIE Gang; SHI Qi-Zhen
Five solid ternary complexes of RE(C5H8NS2)3(o-phen) (RE=Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) have been synthesized in absolute ethanol by rare earth chloride low hydrate reacting with the mixed ligands of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) and 1,10-phenanthroline·H2O (o-phen·H2O) in the ordinary laboratory atmosphere without any cautions against moisture or air. IR spectra of the complexes showed that the RE3+ coordinated with six sulfur atoms of three PDC- and two nitrogen atoms of o-phen·H2O. It was assumed that the coordination number of RE3+was eight. The constant-volume combustion energies of the complexes, △cU, were determined as (-16788.46±7.74), (- 15434.53± 8.28), (- 15287.807.31), (- 15200.50±7.22) and (- 15254.34±6.61) kJ·mol-1, respectively, by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard molar enthalpies of combustion, △cH m,and standard molar enthalpies of formation, △fH m, were calculated as (-16803.95 ±7.74), (-15450.02±8.28),(-15303.29±9.28), (-15215.99±7.22), (-15269.83±6.61) kJ·mol-1 and (-1115.42±8.94), (-2477.80±9.15), (-2619.95 ±10.44), (-2670.17 ± 8.22), ( -2650.06± 8.49) kJ·mol-1, respectively.
Cross sectoral impacts on water availability at +2 °C and +3 °C for east Mediterranean island states: The case of Crete
Koutroulis, A. G.; Grillakis, M. G.; Daliakopoulos, I. N.; Tsanis, I. K.; Jacob, D.
Ensemble pan-European projections under a 2 °C global warming relative to the preindustrial period reveal a more intense warming in south Eastern Europe by up to +3 °C, thus indicating that impacts of climate change will be disproportionately high for certain regions. The Mediterranean is projected as one of the most vulnerable areas to climatic and anthropogenic changes with decreasing rainfall trends and a continuous gradual warming causing a progressive decline of average stream flow. Many Mediterranean regions are currently experiencing high to severe water stress induced by human and climate drivers. Changes in average climate conditions will increase this stress notably because of a 10-30% decline in freshwater resources. For small island states, where accessibility to freshwater resources is limited the impact will be more pronounced. Here we use a generalized cross-sectoral framework to assess the impact of climatic and socioeconomic futures on the water resources of an Eastern Mediterranean island. A set of representative regional climate models simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative driven by different RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 GCMs are used to form a comparable set of results and a useful basis for the assessment of uncertainties related to impacts of 2° warming and above. A generalized framework of a cross-sectoral water resources analysis was developed in collaboration with the local water authority exploring and costing adaptation measures associated with a set of socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Transient hydrological modeling was performed to describe the projected hydro-climatological regime and water availability for each warming level. The robust signal of less precipitation and higher temperatures that is projected by climate simulations results to a severe decrease of local water resources which can be mitigated by a number of actions. Awareness of the practical implications of plausible hydro-climatic and socio-economic scenarios in the
Analysis of the insulation characteristics of c-C4F8 and N2 gas mixtures by Boltzmann equation method
Deng, Y. K.; Xiao, D. M.
The present paper concerns itself with the insulation characteristics of c-C4F8/N2 gas mixtures and studies the possibility of applying in the gas insulation of power equipments. We aim to use the theoretical framework of the Boltzmann equation to calculate the density-normalized effective ionization coefficients (α-ƞ)/N and transport parameters of c-C4F8/N2 gas mixtures for E/N values from 180 to 550 Td (1 Td = 10-17 V cm2) in the condition of steady-state Townsend (SST) experiment. From the variation curve of (α-ƞ)/N with the c-C4F8 mixture ratio k, the limiting field strength (E/N)lim of the gas mixtures at different gas content is determined. In order to confirm the validity of the results obtained, comparisons with Monte Carlo simulation and experimental data have been performed. It is found that the insulation properties of c-C4F8 and N2 gas mixtures are much better than those of SF6 and N2 mixtures for applying in the high voltage apparatus as an insulation medium, especially if we take the global warming potential into account.
A Comparison of Positive Outcome Expectancies: A Review of the Theories of M. F. Scheier, C. S. Carver, M. E. P. Seligman, and C. R. Snyder.
Bird, William A.
Research has shown that optimistic and pessimistic outcome expectancy evaluations are associated with adaptive and maladaptive levels of psychological functioning, physical wellness, and health recovery issues. The research of M. F. Scheier, C. S. Carver, M. E. P. Seligman, and C. R. Snyder supports the hypothesis that elevated optimism or…
Measurement of the D{*}(+/-) meson production cross section and F-2(c(c)over-bar) at high Q(2) in ep scattering at HERA
Schmitt, S; Rizvi, E; Campbell, A J; Bruncko, D; Li, G; Kiesling, C; Sankey, D P C; Horisberger, R; Trinh, T N; Rostovtsev, A; Pejchal, O; Pascaud, C; Feltesse, J; Buschhorn, G; Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I; Marti, Ll; Shtarkov, L N; Pandurovic, M; Newman, P R; Staykova, Z; Povh, B; Efremenko, V; De Wolf, E A; Nowak, G; Raspiareza, A; Gabathuler, E; Kogler, R; Raicevic, N; Mudrinic, M; Polifka, R; Cvach, J; Habib, S; Morris, J V; Lendermann, V; Landon, M P J; Thompson, P D; Barrelet, E; Sauvan, E; Begzsuren, K; Zacek, J; Henderson, R C W; Sauter, M; von den Driesch, M; Schoeffel, L; Nikiforov, A; Steder, M; Mozer, M U; Naumann, Th; Cantun Avila, K B; Alexa, C; Henschel, H; Cozzika, G; Kleinwort, C; Roland, B; Pahl, P; Wegener, D; Boudry, V; Shaw-West, R N; Turnau, J; Gogitidze, N; Piec, S; Olsson, J E; Martyn, H -U; Niebuhr, C; Kostka, P; Marage, P; Zomer, F; Malinovski, E; Dainton, J B; Brinkmann, M; Fedotov, A; Greenshaw, T; Liptaj, A; Kropivnitskaya, A; Mikocki, S; Meyer, A B; Rahmat, A J; Dodonov, V; Hildebrandt, M; Tran, T H; Lopez-Fernandez, R; Glazov, A; Salek, D; Sefkow, F; Zalesak, J; Grab, C; Haidt, D; Lastovicka-Medin, G; Tseepeldorj, B; Toll, T; Van Mechelen, P; Schultz-Coulon, H -C; Goerlich, L; Bystritskaya, L; Katzy, J; Picuric, I; Ghazaryan, S; Specka, A; Laycock, P; Spaskov, V; Bizot, J C; Kluge, T; Sloan, T; Fleischer, M; Rotaru, M; Vazdik, Y; Ravdandorj, T; Baghdasaryan, A; Patel, G D; Panagoulias, I; Kutak, K; Deak, M; Felst, R; Lipka, K; Tsakov, I; Delcourt, B; Shushkevich, S; Roosen, R; Hreus, T; Lebedev, A; Tchoulakov, V; Mehta, A; Vallee, C; Andreev, V; Herbst, M; Dubak, A; Schoning, A; Zhokin, A; Stella, B; Hennekemper, E; Ferencei, J; Rusakov, S; Murin, P; Brisson, V; Osman, S; Sunar, D; Sopicki, P; Soloviev, Y; Zohrabyan, H; Smiljanic, I; List, B; Maxfield, S J; Perez, E; Milcewicz-Mika, I; List, J; Bracinik, J; Dossanov, A; Traynor, D; Volchinski, V; Elsen, E; Contreras, J G; Klein, M; Kraemer, M; Jung, A W; Jung, H; Mueller, K; Eckerlin, G; Pitzl, D; Petrukhin, A; Hiller, K H; Gayler, J; Jacquet, M; Delvax, J; Jonsson, L; Grindhammer, G; Bunyatyan, A; Falkiewicz, A; Chekelian, V; Helebrant, C; Cerny, V; Placakyte, R; Urban, K; Cerny, K; Palichik, V; Fomenko, A; Antunovic, B; Nowak, K; Pokorny, B; Kapichine, M; Kretzschmar, J; Backovic, S; Morozov, A; Glushkov, I; Loktionova, N; Thompson, G; Brandt, G; Sykora, T; Diaconu, C; Nikitin, D; Kruger, K; Wissing, Ch; Robmann, P; Vinokurova, S; Tomasz, F; Wuensch, E; Daum, K; Stoicea, G; Cholewa, A; Truoel, P; Alimujiang, K; Meyer, J; Meyer, H; Moreau, F; Krastev, K; Straumann, U; Bartel, W; Reimer, P; Zimmermann, T; Kenyon, I R; Coughlan, J A; South, D; Herrer, G; Eliseev, A; Papadopoulou, Th; Knutsson, A; Belousov, A; Makankine, A; Ozerov, D; Hoffmann, D; Aaron, F D; Grell, B R; Janssen, X; Trevino, A Vargas; Valkarova, A; Zhang, Z; Lange, W; Fischer, D -J; Egli, S; Gouzevitch, M; Levonian, S; Radescu, V; Favart, L; Lubimov, V
The inclusive production of D{*}(+/-)(2010) mesons in deep-inelastic e(+/-)p scattering is measured in the kinematic region of photon virtuality 100 1 5 GeV The data were collected by the H1 experiment during the period from 2004 to 2007 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 351 pb(-1) The charm contribution. F-2(c (c) over bar), to the proton structure function F-2 is determined. The measurements are compared with QCD predictions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
Analýza komunikačního mixu vybraného výrobku společnosti B. Braun Medical
Dykastová, Aneta
This thesis is focused on communication mix analysis of the Einstein Vision 3D laparoscopic system. It is a product of B. Braun Medical Company, which specializes in importing and distributing of devices, instruments, tools and equipment for anesthesia, intensive medicine, cardiology, surgery and extra corporeal blood treatment. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The first part describes theory of marketing with the emphasis on the communication mix. The second p...
Final Report - Certifying the Performance of Small Wind Turbines
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sherwood, Larry [Small Wind Certification Council, Clifton Park, NY (United States)
The Small Wind Certification Council (SWCC) created a successful accredited certification program for small and medium wind turbines using the funding from this grant. SWCC certifies small turbines (200 square meters of swept area or less) to the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) Small Wind Turbine Performance and Safety Standard (AWEA Standard 9.1 – 2009). SWCC also certifies medium wind turbines to the International Electrical Commission (IEC) Power Performance Standard (IEC 61400-12-1) and Acoustic Performance Standard (IEC 61400-11).
Budding yeast cDNA sequencing project: S03052-76_F01 [Budding yeast cDNA sequencing project
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available EST - Link to UCSC Genome Browser - Sequence >S03052-76_F01.phd NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNTNTAAAANNNNGANNNGANNNGTGGNTNTNTNTNT TNT...ANTTTNAANAAANAACNNNCCCTNNNNCNCNNNNNNNGAGNAAAAANNGGGTNTNNT NTTTTNNTNNTNTNTNNNNCNNN Qualit
基于C8051F040单片机的喷油器电磁阀驱动电路设计%Design of Driving Circuit of Electromagnetic Valve Based on C8051F040 Singlechip
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张素华; 王敏
设计了C8051F040单片机控制下的电磁阀驱动电路,包括硬件结构和软件流程设计,实现了高速电磁阀的快速开闭;使用Visual Basic设计了与F040通讯的人机交互界面,该交互界面实现与F040传输数据的目的,同时可实时显示电磁阀喷油过程中电磁阀阀心的电压值变化.
Design of Driving Circuit for Electromagnetic Valve Based on C8051F040 Single Chip%基于C8051F040单片机的喷油器电磁阀驱动电路设计
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张倩; 王敏
设计了C8051F040单片机控制下的电磁阀驱动电路,包括硬件结构和软件流程设计,实现了高速电磁阀的快速开闭.使用Visual Basic设计了与F040通讯的人机交互界面,该交互界面实现与F040传输数据的目的,同时可实时显示电磁阀喷油过程中电磁阀阀心的电压值变化.
Large-scale wind turbine structures
Spera, David A.
The purpose of this presentation is to show how structural technology was applied in the design of modern wind turbines, which were recently brought to an advanced stage of development as sources of renewable power. Wind turbine structures present many difficult problems because they are relatively slender and flexible; subject to vibration and aeroelastic instabilities; acted upon by loads which are often nondeterministic; operated continuously with little maintenance in all weather; and dominated by life-cycle cost considerations. Progress in horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) development was paced by progress in the understanding of structural loads, modeling of structural dynamic response, and designing of innovative structural response. During the past 15 years a series of large HAWTs was developed. This has culminated in the recent completion of the world's largest operating wind turbine, the 3.2 MW Mod-5B power plane installed on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Some of the applications of structures technology to wind turbine will be illustrated by referring to the Mod-5B design. First, a video overview will be presented to provide familiarization with the Mod-5B project and the important components of the wind turbine system. Next, the structural requirements for large-scale wind turbines will be discussed, emphasizing the difficult fatigue-life requirements. Finally, the procedures used to design the structure will be presented, including the use of the fracture mechanics approach for determining allowable fatigue stresses.
Sequencing and rescuing a highly virulent classical swine fever virus: Chinese strain cF114 from a full-length cDNA clone
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
The complete nucleotide sequence of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain cF114 (F114 strain propa- gated on PK-15 cells) was cloned by RT-PCR. The analyses of nucleotide and amino acids identity between cF114 and F114, Brescia, Alfort or C strain were 99.41%, 96.80%, 86.03%, 95.70% and 99.28%, 98.54%, 93.33%, 97.41% re- spectively. The cDNA fragments with correct sequence were ligated into a full-length cDNA and inserted into pMC18 plasmid (pMC12297). A full-length infectious viral RNA was synthesized by runoff transcription and transfected to PK15 cells. Viruses were recovered from transfected cells which wese titrated on PK-15 cells by endpoint dilution and indirect immunofluorescence with a CSFV-specific monoclonal antibody. The antigenicity and replication kinetics of the plasmid-derived virus (vM12297) were similar to the parental virus in vitro. The E01 or E2 gene was replaced with the genes from strain C and the pM/CE01 and pM/CE2 with chimeric full-length cDNA of cF114 were generated. The infectious viruses were obtained from pM/CE01 and pM/CE2. Both of the chimeric viruses can infect PK-15, SK- 6 and primary testicle cell of swine. The chimeric viruses can grow to a titer of 8×105 F-PFU/mL. These results are very important for understanding the genes related to the CSFV propagation and pathogenesis.
Comparative PET/CT study with 11C-MET and 18F-FDG for diagnosing Glioma
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this paper, we investigate the diagnostic value of 11C-methionine (MET) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for brain gliomas, and compare the results to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Forty-four patients with suspected gliomas were examined with 11C-MET and 18F-FDG PET/CT. 18F-FDG and 11C-MET PET/CT images were compared and evaluated by visual and semiquantitative analysis. The accuracy of 11C-MET and 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting gliomas were 88.6% and 65.9%, respectively. Semiquantitative analysis showed that the 26 gliomas had higher mean ± SD T/NGmax ratio on 11C-MET PET/CT than on 18F-FDG PET/CT(1.95±0.52 vs. 0.90±0.27, t=9.101, P11C-MET had a higher sensitivity than 18F-FDG (83.3% vs.33.3%, χ2 =4.16, P18F-FDG in the sensitivity for high-grade gliomas(100% vs. 64.3%, χ2=3.20, P>0.05). The difference was no significant, too, between high-and low-grade gliomas, compared by 11C-MET T/NGmax ratio (2.07±0.51 vs. 1.81±0.52, t=1.302, P=0.205). 18F-FDG T/NGmax ratio in high-grade gliomas was significantly higher than that in low-grade gliomas (1.03±0.30 vs. 0.75±0.11, t=3.198, P=0.004). It is concluded that 11C-MET PET/CT is more accurate than 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting and delineating gliomas, especially for low-grade gliomas, and it can play a complement role to 18F-FDG in tumor grading. (authors)
Study of T L LiF: Mg,Ti (Model JR1152C) material for its use in the environmental monitoring
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In order to evaluate the possibility to use the T L material of LiF: Mg,Ti (Model JR1152C) as environmental dosemeter it was realized its characterization of it according to the established criterion in the standard IEC-1066. The properties studied were: homogeneity of the lot, reproducibility, response linearity, detection threshold, auto irradiation, residual signal, response pride (fading) and angular dependence. The results prove the compliment of the IEC requirements and therefore the applicability of this dosemeter in the environmental monitoring. (Author)
Predictions for $\\eta_c \\to \\eta \\pi^+ \\pi^-$ producing $f_0(500)$, $f_0(980)$ and $a_0(980)$
Debastiani, V R; Xie, Ju-Jun; Oset, E
We perform calculations for the $\\eta_c \\to \\eta \\pi^+ \\pi^-$ decay using elements of SU(3) symmetry to see the weight of different trios of pseudoscalars produced in this decay, prior to the final state interaction of the mesons. After that, the interaction of pairs of mesons, leading finally to $\\eta \\pi^+ \\pi^-$, is done using the chiral unitary approach. We evaluate the d$\\Gamma$/d$M_{\\pi^+ \\pi^-}$ and d$\\Gamma$/d$M_{\\pi^+ \\eta}$ mass distributions and find large and clean signals for $f_0(500)$, $f_0(980)$ and $a_0(980)$ excitation. The reaction is similar to the $\\chi_{c1} \\to \\eta \\pi^+ \\pi^-$, which has been recently measured at BESIII and its implementation and comparison with these predictions will be very valuable to shed light on the nature of the low mass scalar mesons.
Molokai Photomosaic 2000 (328c-0516) - Orthorectification and Mosaicing of Color Aerial Photography for the Main Eight Hawaiian Islands
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of the main Hawaiian Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photos and hyperspectral imagery using the Habitat Digitizer extension....
Orthorectification and Mosaicking of Color Aerial Photography for the Main Eight Hawaiian Islands: Molokai (328c-0516)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of the main Hawaiian Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photos and hyperspectral imagery using the Habitat Digitizer extension....
Orthorectification and Mosaicking of Color Aerial Photography for the Main Eight Hawaiian Islands: Kauai (103-104c-0430)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of the main Hawaiian Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photos and hyperspectral imagery using the Habitat Digitizer extension....
C-CAP Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Saipan 1945-2005-Era Land Cover Change Analysis
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set contains the 1945-era and 2005-era classifications of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and can be used to analyze change. This...
Global gene expression of a murein (Braun) lipoprotein mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by microarray analysis.
Fadl, A A; Galindo, C L; Sha, J; Klimpel, G R; Popov, V L; Chopra, A K
Braun/murein lipoprotein (Lpp) is one of the major outer membrane components of gram-negative enteric bacteria involved in inflammatory responses and septic shock. In previous studies, we reported that two copies of the lipoprotein (lpp) gene (designated as lppA and lppB) existed on the chromosome of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Deletion of both lppA and lppB genes rendered Salmonella defective in invasion, motility, induction of cytotoxicity, and production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. The lppAB double-knockout (DKO) mutant was attenuated in mice, and animals immunized with this mutant were protected against subsequent challenge with lethal doses of wild-type (wt) S. Typhimurium. To better understand how deletion of the lpp gene might affect Salmonella virulence, we performed global transcriptional profiling of the genes in the wt and the lppAB DKO mutant of S. Typhimurium using microarrays. Our data revealed alterations in the expression of flagellar genes, invasion-associated type III secretion system genes, and transcriptional virulence gene regulators in the lppAB DKO mutant compared to wt S. Typhimurium. These data correlated with the lppAB DKO mutant phenotype and provided possible mechanism(s) of Lpp-associated attenuation in S. Typhimurium. Although these studies were performed in in vitro grown bacteria, our future research will be targeted at global transcriptional profiling of the genes in in vivo grown wt S. Typhimurium and its Lpp mutant.
Atmospheric chemistry of n-CxF2x+1CHo (x=1,3,4): Mechanism of the CxF2x+1C(O)O-2+HO2 reaction
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Andersen, Mads Peter Sulbæk; Stenby, C; Nielsen, OJ;
Smog chamber/FTIR techniques were used to study the gas-phase reaction of CxF2x+1C(O)O-2 (x = 1, 3, 4) with HO2 radicals in 700 Torr of air, or O-2, diluent at 296 +/- 2 K. The reactions proceed by three pathways leading to formation of CxF2x+1C(O)OOH and O-2, C2F2x+1C(O)OH and O-3, or CxF2x+1C(O...
High efficiency turbine blade coatings.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Youchison, Dennis L.; Gallis, Michail A.
The development of advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) that exhibit lower thermal conductivity through better control of electron beam - physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) processing is of prime interest to both the aerospace and power industries. This report summarizes the work performed under a two-year Lab-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project (38664) to produce lower thermal conductivity, graded-layer thermal barrier coatings for turbine blades in an effort to increase the efficiency of high temperature gas turbines. This project was sponsored by the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Investment Area. Therefore, particular importance was given to the processing of the large blades required for industrial gas turbines proposed for use in the Brayton cycle of nuclear plants powered by high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). During this modest (~1 full-time equivalent (FTE)) project, the processing technology was developed to create graded TBCs by coupling ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) with substrate pivoting in the alumina-YSZ system. The Electron Beam - 1200 kW (EB-1200) PVD system was used to deposit a variety of TBC coatings with micron layered microstructures and reduced thermal conductivity below 1.5 W/m.K. The use of IBAD produced fully stoichiometric coatings at a reduced substrate temperature of 600 oC and a reduced oxygen background pressure of 0.1 Pa. IBAD was also used to successfully demonstrate the transitioning of amorphous PVD-deposited alumina to the F061>-phase alumina required as an oxygen diffusion barrier and for good adhesion to the substrate Ni2Al3 bondcoat. This process replaces the time consuming thermally grown oxide formation required before the YSZ deposition. In addition to the process technology, Direct Simulation Monte Carlo plume modeling and spectroscopic characterization of the PVD plumes were performed. The project consisted of five tasks. These included the production of layered
Isotopic ratios of H, C, N, O, and S in comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
Biver, N; Bockelée-Morvan, D; Sandqvist, Aa; Colom, P; Crovisier, J; Lis, D C; Boissier, J; Debout, V; Paubert, G; Milam, S; Hjalmarson, A; Lundin, S; Karlsson, T; Battelino, M; Frisk, U; Murtagh, D
The apparition of bright comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) in March-April 2013 and January 2015, combined with the improved observational capabilities of submillimeter facilities, offered an opportunity to carry out sensitive compositional and isotopic studies of the volatiles in their coma. We observed comet Lovejoy with the IRAM 30m telescope between 13 and 26 January 2015, and with the Odin submillimeter space observatory on 29 January - 3 February 2015. We detected 22 molecules and several isotopologues. The H$_2^{16}$O and H$_2^{18}$O production rates measured with Odin follow a periodic pattern with a period of 0.94 days and an amplitude of ~25%. The inferred isotope ratios in comet Lovejoy are $^{16}$O/$^{18}$O = 499 $\\pm$ 24 and D/H = 1.4 $\\pm$ 0.4 $\\times 10^{-4}$ in water, $^{32}$S/$^{34}$S = 24.7 $\\pm$ 3.5 in CS, all compatible with terrestrial values. The ratio $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C = 109 $\\pm$ 14 in HCN is marginally higher than terrestrial and $^{14}$N/$^{15}$N = 145 $\\pm$ 12 in HCN ...
First-principles study of B, C, N and F doped graphene-like MgO monolayer
Wu, Ping; Huang, Min; Cheng, Wenjing; Tang, Fuling
Based on the first-principles calculations, we have investigated the stable geometries, electronic and magnetic properties of the graphene-like MgO monolayer with O atom substituted by B, C, N, and F atoms. The formation energy decreases in the order of B>C>N>F, which may be influenced by the different electronegativities. The band gaps of p-type doped MgO monolayers are tunable due to the emergence of impurity states within the band gap, while F-doped MgO monolayer realizes the transition from semiconductor to metal. The results show that p-type doped MgO monolayer exhibit magnetic behaviors due to polarizations of dopants and surrounding Mg or O atoms near the dopants, while no magnetism is observed in the case of F doped MgO monolayer. These results are potentially useful for spintronic applications and the development of magnetic nanostructures.
基于C8051F340的EEG信号采集系统的设计%Design of an EEG Acquisition System Based on C8051F340
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
刘国立; 王一丁
Synthesis of the molecular amalgam [{AuHg2(o-C6F4)3}{Hg3(o-C6F4)3}](-): a rare example of a heterometallic homoleptic metallacycle.
Lasanta, Tania; López-de-Luzuriaga, José M; Monge, Miguel; Olmos, M Elena; Pascual, David
The preparation of homoleptic heterometallic complexes still remains a challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of [Au(PMe3)2][{AuHg2(o-C6F4)3}{Hg3(o-C6F4)3}] (), a gold-mercury homoleptic metallacycle. The crystal structure of displays two [Hg2M(o-C6F4)3] (M = Au(I), Hg(II)) units linked through a short AuHg contact of 3.097(2) Å, the strongest unsupported Au(I)Hg(II) interaction described to date. Theoretical calculations quantify the interaction between the trimetalic units as -199 kJ mol(-1), a surprisingly strong value. PMID:26983855
The Supersymmetric Standard Models with a Pseudo-Dirac Gluino from Hybrid $F-$ and $D-$Term Supersymmetry Breakings
Ding, Ran; Staub, Florian; Tian, Chi; Zhu, Bin
We propose the Supersymmetric Standard Models (SSMs) with a pseudo-Dirac gluino from hybrid $F-$ and $D-$term supersymmetry (SUSY) breakings. Similar to the SSMs before the LHC, all the supersymmetric particles in the Minimal SSM (MSSM) obtain the SUSY breaking soft terms from the traditional gravity mediation and have masses within about 1 TeV except gluino. To evade the LHC SUSY search constraints, the gluino also has a heavy Dirac mass above 3 TeV from $D-$term SUSY breaking. Interestingly, such a heavy Dirac gluino mass will not induce the electroweak fine-tuning problem. We realize such SUSY breakings via an anomalous $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry inspired from string models. To maintain the gauge coupling unification and increase the Higgs boson mass, we introduce extra vector-like particles. We study the viable parameter space which satisfies all the current experimental constraints, and present a concrete benchmark point. This kind of models not only preserves the merits of pre-LHC SSMs such as naturalness,...
Ensaio de potência da alfaepoetina: Comparação de camundongos Swiss Webster, NIH, C57BL/6, BALB/c com o híbrido B6D2F1 /Potency assay of epoetin alpha: Comparison of Swiss Webster, NIH, C57BL/6, BALB/c mice with the hybrid B6D2F1
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Igor Barbosa da Silva
were determined using a biological reference preparation (3773 IU/mL previously tested against the international reference standard BRP (European Pharmaco-poeia Biological Reference Preparation. Results showed that assays with mice from all tested breeding stocks and strains met EP statistical criteria for a valid erythropoietin potency assay and thus they are potential alternatives to the use of B6D2F1 hybrids. The assays with BALB/c mice, however, were those the results of which were most similar to those obtained with the hybrid regarding average reticulocyte counts in response to 30, 90 and 270 IU/mouse, angular (slope and linear (intersection coeffi cients of the linear dose-response curve (parallel and almost complete overlapping dose-response curves.
Diagnostic value of combining 11C-choline and 18F-FDG PET/CT in hepatocellular carcinoma
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this prospective study, our goal was to emphasize the diagnostic value of combining 11C-choline and 18F-FDG PET/CT for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease. Thirty-three consecutive patients were enrolled. All patients were suspected to have HCC based on CT and/or MRI imaging. A final diagnosis was obtained by histopathological examination or by imaging alone according to American Association for the Study of Liver Disease criteria. All patients underwent PET/CT with both tracers within a median of 5 days. All lesions showing higher tracer uptake than normal liver were considered positive for HCC. We examined how tracer uptake was related to biological (serum α-fetoprotein levels) and pathological (differentiation status, peritumoral capsule and vascular invasion) prognostic markers of HCC, as well as clinical observations at 6 months (recurrence and death). Twenty-eight HCC, four cholangiocarcinomas and one adenoma were diagnosed. In the HCC patients, the sensitivity of 11C-choline, 18F-FDG and combined 11C-choline and 18F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of HCC was 75 %, 36 % and 93 %, respectively. Serum α-fetoprotein levels >200 ng/ml were more frequent among patients with 18F-FDG-positive lesions than those with 18F-FDG-negative lesions (p < 0.05). Early recurrence (n=2) or early death (n=5) occurred more frequently in patients with 18F-FDG-positive lesions than in those with 18F-FDG-negative lesions (p < 0.05). The combined use of 11C-choline and 18F-FDG PET/CT detected HCC with high sensitivity. This approach appears to be of potential prognostic value and may facilitate the selection of patients for surgical resection or liver transplantation. (orig.)
Interaction of HoloCcmE with CcmF in Heme Trafficking and Cytochrome c Biosynthesis
Francisco, Brian San; Kranz, Robert G.
The periplasmic heme chaperone holoCcmE is essential for heme trafficking in the cytochrome c biosynthetic pathway in many bacteria, archaea, and plant mitochondria. This pathway, called system I, involves two steps: i) formation and release of holoCcmE (by the ABC-transporter complex CcmABCD), and ii) delivery of the heme in holoCcmE to the putative cytochrome c heme lyase complex, CcmFH. CcmFH is believed to facilitate the final covalent attachment of heme (from holoCcmE) to the apocytochrome c. Although most models for system I propose that holoCcmE delivers heme directly to CcmF, no interaction between holoCcmE and CcmF has been demonstrated. Here, a complex between holoCcmE and CcmF is "trapped", purified, and characterized. HoloCcmE must be released from the ABC-transporter complex CcmABCD to interact with CcmF, and the holo-form of CcmE interacts with CcmF at levels at least 20-fold higher than apoCcmE. Two conserved histidines (here termed P-His1 and P-His2) in separate periplasmic loops in CcmF are required for interaction with holoCcmE, and evidence is presented that P-His1 and P-His2 function as heme-binding ligands. These results show that heme in holoCcmE is essential for complex formation with CcmF, and that the heme of holoCcmE is coordinated by P-His1 and P-His2 within the WWD domain of CcmF. These features are strikingly similar to formation of the CcmC:heme:CcmE ternary complex (Richard-Fogal and Kranz, JMB 2010), and suggest common mechanistic and structural aspects. PMID:24513106
Primary System Conditioned Corrosion Experiment of SiC{sub f} /SiC Composite Metal Cladding
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lee, Donghee; Park, Kwangheon [Kyunghee University, Yongin (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Weonju; Park, Jiyeon; Kim, Daejong; Lee, Hyeo Geun [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)
The weight of each one of eight specimens was measured before process and after six-time execution f the process, and, with the measured values, the amount of filled PCS was calculated. 500 hours later, the specimens were dried, and then their weight was measured and an amount of Si in the dissolved PCS was calculated. In addition, solutions were extracted from no. 1, no.2, no.3, and no.4 specimens experimented in the water condition; and from no.5, no.6, no.7, and no.8 specimens in the primary water condition. Si of the solutions was measured with the use of ICP (Direct Reading Echelle ICP, LEEMAN, with focal distance of 750mm, diffraction grating of 79grooves/mm, and resolution of 0.2nm/mm). As a result, Si dissolved in the remaining solution in each autoclave was measured to be 0.0934ppm, 0.926ppm, 0.936ppm, and 119ppm, respectively. Based on the result, it is possible to explain somewhat weight reduction in the solubility (119g/L) measured in each autoclave containing primary system water. The solubility of 119g/L seems to be a difficult value to accept. It was presumed that when water was added to make a proper Si concentration at the time of ICP measurement, an error occurred. Therefore, given the reduction in the weight of the specimens after high-temperature water experiments and Si content of the solutions, it was found that SiC in substrate melt well in high temperature water.
基于C8051F020的晶体管V-I特性测量仪设计%Design of transistor V-I characteristic curve displayer based on C8051F020
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
俞菲; 陈庆; 邬杨波
Development and Application of CAN Bus Communication Interface Based on C8051F040%基于C8051F040的CAN通讯接口的开发与应用
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
宋明权; 周纯杰; 杨樊; 江检华
C8051F040在多路数据采集以及CAN传输中的应用%The Application of C8051F040 which Used in Multi-Channel Data Acquisition and CAN Transmission
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
谭秋林; 马游春; 翟成瑞; 薛晨阳; 张文栋
Remote Sensing and Control System Based on C8051F040%基于C8051F040单片机的温度遥测遥控系统
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张锋; 曹燕
Standardization of medfly trapping for use in sterile insect technique programmes: Assessment of various trap types on the island of Chios, Greece
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper contains information from a 5-year experimental programme, coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), on medfly (Ceratitis capitata, Diptera, Tephritidae) trapping. The experiments aimed at standardizing trapping methods for use in Sterile Insect Technique programmes under various climatic and other ecological conditions. They were conducted during the months July to September 1987-1991 on the island of Chios, Greece, in citrus orchards with low to medium medfly populations. Seven different trap types and several trap treatments consisting of combinations of visual and olfactory (food, sexual) attractants were tested in a research coordinated protocol. Additional trap types and treatments were also assessed in side experiments. Among the treatments tested the most effective in total captures was the International Pheromones plastic McPhail (yellow bottom) trap type (IPMT), baited with a 300 ml water solution containing the protein Nulure 9%, borax 5% and provided with a Trimedlure (TML) plug in a basket hung from the trap-ceiling. This treatment captured predominantly males and was relatively selective for medflies because apparently TML has repellent effects on non-target insects and in part, on medfly females. The same treatment without TML was almost as effective capturing predominantly females but also a large number of non-target insects, which renders its service difficult. The IPMT was as effective as the other McPhail trap versions tested, including the classical glass trap. 15 refs, 7 tabs, 1 fig
25 CFR 542.43 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for a Tier C gaming operation?
... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.43 What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for a Tier C gaming operation? (a) The surveillance...
Characterization of the myelotoxicity of chloramphenicol succinate in the B6C3F1 mouse.
Turton, John A; Fagg, Rajni; Sones, William R; Williams, Thomas C; Andrews, C Michael
Chloramphenicol (CAP) is haemotoxic in man, inducing two types of toxicity. First, a dose-related, reversible anaemia with reticulocytopenia, sometimes seen in conjunction with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia; this form of toxicity develops during drug treatment. The second haemotoxicity is aplastic anaemia (AA) which is evident in the blood as severe pancytopenia. AA development is not dose-related and occurs weeks or months after treatment. We wish, in the longer term, to investigate CAP-induced AA in the busulphan-pretreated mouse. However, as a prelude to that study, we wanted to characterize in detail the reversible haemotoxicity of CAP succinate (CAPS), administered at high dose levels in the mouse, and follow the recovery of the bone marrow in the post-dosing period. Female B6C3F1 mice were gavaged with CAPS at 0, 2500 and 3500 mg/kg, daily, for 5 days and sampled (n = 5) at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days post-dosing. Blood, bone marrow and spleen samples were analysed and clonogenic assays carried out. At day 1 post-dosing, at both CAPS dose levels, decreases were seen in erythrocytes and erythrocyte precursors; marrow erythroid cells were reduced. Reductions were also evident in splenic nucleated cell counts, blood high fluorescence ratio (HFR) reticulocyte counts and total reticulocyte counts; burst-forming units-erythroid and colony-forming units-erythroid showed decreases. At day 7 post-dosing (2500 mg/kg CAPS), there was regeneration of erythrocyte production, with marked splenic erythropoietic activity, and raised blood HFR reticulocytes. At day 7, at 3500 mg/kg CAPS, erythrocyte and reticulocyte parameters remained depressed. At 14 days post-dosing (2500 mg/kg CAPS), many erythrocyte parameters had returned to normal; at 3500 mg/kg CAPS, there was erythroid regeneration. By 21 days post-dosing, at both CAPS dose levels, most erythrocytic parameters were equivalent to control values. For leucocyte parameters, there was some depression at day 1 post-dosing (at
F1 hybrids of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains respond differently to low-dose ionizing radiation exposure
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Sanjay Mukherjee; K. B. Sainis; Deepti D. Deobagkar
There are evidences to show that response to ionizing radiations have genetic influence. To investigate this further, reciprocal F1 hybrids were genereted by crossbreeding the radiation-susceptible BALB/c mouse strain with resistant C57BL/6 in a sex-specific manner (BALB/c♂×C57BL/6♀ = B6BcF1; C57BL/6♂× BALB/c♀ =BcB6F1). These hybrids were compared with each other and to the parental strains with respect to transcriptional responses to low-dose ionizing radiation exposure (LDIR). The two F1 hybrids showed drastic differences in their gene expression profiles to ionizing radiation exposure particularly in case of the genes involved in DNA damage response and repair process. Also, the inheritance pattern of the gene expression was found to be complex and could not be explained solely on the basis of parental expression pattern. It was concluded that there is a differential transmission of susceptible trait alleles from the parents to F1 progeny which is dependent on the sex of the parent mouse strain used to set up the crosses and other environmental factors.
[{sup 18}F]Flutemetamol amyloid-beta PET imaging compared with [{sup 11}C]PIB across the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hatashita, Shizuo; Yamasaki, Hidetomo [Shonan-Atsugi Hospital, Neurology, PET Center, Atsugi (Japan); Suzuki, Yutaka; Wakebe, Daichi; Hayakawa, Hideki [Shonan-Atsugi Hospital, Radiology, PET Center, Atsugi (Japan); Tanaka, Kumiko [Shonan-Atsugi Hospital, Pharmacology, PET Center, Atsugi (Japan)
The aim was to identify the amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the {sup 18}F-labeled Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) derivative [{sup 18}F]flutemetamol (FMM) across a spectrum of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to compare Aβ deposition between [{sup 18}F]FMM and [{sup 11}C]PIB PET imaging. The study included 36 patients with AD, 68 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 41 older healthy controls (HC) (aged ≥56), 11 young HC (aged ≤45), and 10 transitional HC (aged 46-55). All 166 subjects underwent 30-min static [{sup 18}F]FMM PET 85 min after injection, 60-min dynamic [{sup 11}C]PIB PET, and cognitive testing. [{sup 18}F]FMM scans were assessed visually, and standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) were defined quantitatively in regions of interest identified on coregistered MRI (cerebellar cortex as a reference region). The PIB distribution volume ratios (DVR) were determined in the same regions. Of 36 AD patients, 35 had positive scans, while 36 of 41 older HC subjects had negative scans. [{sup 18}F]FMM scans had a sensitivity of 97.2 % and specificity of 85.3 % in distinguishing AD patients from older HC subjects, and a specificity of 100 % for young and transitional HC subjects. The [{sup 11}C]PIB scan had the same results. Interreader agreement was excellent (kappa score = 0.81). The cortical FMM SUVR in AD patients was significantly greater than in older HC subjects (1.76 ± 0.23 vs 1.30 ± 0.26, p < 0.01). Of the MCI patients, 68 had a bimodal distribution of SUVR, and 29 of them (42.6 %) had positive scans. Cortical FMM SUVR values were strongly correlated with PIB DVR (r = 0.94, n = 145, p < 0.001). [{sup 18}F]FMM PET imaging detects Aβ deposition in patients along the continuum from normal cognitive status to dementia of AD and discriminates AD patients from HC subjects, similar to [{sup 11}C]PIB PET. (orig.)
Temperature Dependence of a Period of the Modulated Structurein Atom-Vacancy Solid Solution Based on F.C.C. Nickel
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V.A. Tatarenko
Full Text Available The effective vacancy–vacancy interaction is considered. Based on the continuum approximation for the Fourier components of strain-induced vacancy–vacancy-interaction energies, approximating expressions for their expansion coefficients are obtained, depending on the elasticity moduli, longitudinal and transverse phonon frequencies, and vacancy-concentration-dependent lattice parameter. A non-analytical behaviour of the k-dependent Fourier components of the strain-induced vacancy–vacancy-interaction energies near the Brillouin zone centre, Avv(n + Bvv(n|k|2, is analysed. As shown, Avv(n 0 and Bvv(n 0 along all the high-symmetry [100], [110], [111] directions in reciprocal space for f.c.c. crystals with negative anisotropy factor. The criterion of modulated-structure formation for interacting vacancies in f.c.c. crystals is considered. Dependence of the f.c.c.-Ni–vacancies modulated-structure period on temperature is plotted. The effective vacancy–vacancy interaction is considered. Based on the continuum approximation for the Fourier components of strain-induced vacancy–vacancy-interaction energies, approximating expressions for their expansion coefficients are obtained, depending on the elasticity moduli, longitudinal and transverse phonon frequencies, and vacancy-concentration-dependent lattice parameter. A non-analytical behaviour of the k-dependent Fourier components of the strain-induced vacancy–vacancy-interaction energies near the Brillouin zone centre, Avv(n + Bvv(n|k|2, is analysed. As shown, Avv(n 0 and Bvv(n 0 along all the high-symmetry [100], [110], [111] directions in reciprocal space for f.c.c. crystals with negative anisotropy factor. The criterion of modulated-structure formation for interacting vacancies in f.c.c. crystals is considered. Dependence of the f.c.c.-Ni–vacancies modulated-structure period on temperature is plotted. The effective vacancy–vacancy interaction is considered
Multiple bonds to gold: a theoretical investigation of XAuC (X = F, Cl, Br, I) molecules
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Structures and spectroscopic properties are reported for the linear XAuC (X = F, Cl, Br, I) series of molecules and their related diatomic species at a high level of accuracy. The singles and doubles coupled cluster method including a perturbational correction for connected triple excitations, CCSD(T), with systematic sequences of new correlation consistent basis sets have been employed. Scalar relativistic effects have been accurately included by making use of relativistic effective core potentials. Extrapolation to the complete basis set limit has been used with accurate treatments of core-valence correlation and spin-orbit effects in order to accurately predict spectroscopic properties, as well as dissociation and atomization energies at 0 K of AuC, AuC+, AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, and the XAuC molecules. The Au-C bond length in the FAuC molecule is predicted to be nearly identical to that calculated for AuC+, which makes it the shortest known for a neutral gold molecule. The Au-C and Au-F (0 K) bond dissociation energies in FAuC are predicted to be 92.5 and 93.1 kcal/mol, respectively, also making them some of the strongest known bonds to gold
Enterovirus 71 3C protease cleaves a novel target CstF-64 and inhibits cellular polyadenylation.
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Kuo-Feng Weng
Full Text Available Identification of novel cellular proteins as substrates to viral proteases would provide a new insight into the mechanism of cell-virus interplay. Eight nuclear proteins as potential targets for enterovirus 71 (EV71 3C protease (3C(pro cleavages were identified by 2D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis. Of these proteins, CstF-64, which is a critical factor for 3' pre-mRNA processing in a cell nucleus, was selected for further study. A time-course study to monitor the expression levels of CstF-64 in EV71-infected cells also revealed that the reduction of CstF-64 during virus infection was correlated with the production of viral 3C(pro. CstF-64 was cleaved in vitro by 3C(pro but neither by mutant 3C(pro (in which the catalytic site was inactivated nor by another EV71 protease 2A(pro. Serial mutagenesis was performed in CstF-64, revealing that the 3C(pro cleavage sites are located at position 251 in the N-terminal P/G-rich domain and at multiple positions close to the C-terminus of CstF-64 (around position 500. An accumulation of unprocessed pre-mRNA and the depression of mature mRNA were observed in EV71-infected cells. An in vitro assay revealed the inhibition of the 3'-end pre-mRNA processing and polyadenylation in 3C(pro-treated nuclear extract, and this impairment was rescued by adding purified recombinant CstF-64 protein. In summing up the above results, we suggest that 3C(pro cleavage inactivates CstF-64 and impairs the host cell polyadenylation in vitro, as well as in virus-infected cells. This finding is, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate that a picornavirus protein affects the polyadenylation of host mRNA.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
胡进德; 刘祖云; 徐国洪
Standardized added metabolic activity (SAM) IN {sup 18}F-FDG PET assessment of treatment response in colorectal liver metastases
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mertens, Jeroen; Goethals, I.; Wiele, C.V. de [Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent (Belgium); Bruyne, S. de [Ghent University Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent (Belgium); Damme, N. van; Ceelen, W. [Ghent University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Ghent (Belgium); Smeets, P. [Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ghent (Belgium); Troisi, R. [Ghent University Hospital, Department of General and Hepato-Biliary Surgery, Liver Transplantation Service, Ghent (Belgium); Laurent, S.; Geboes, K. [Ghent University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent (Belgium); Peeters, M. [Ghent University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent (Belgium); Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Edegem (Belgium)
Standardized added metabolic activity (SAM) is a PET parameter for assessing the total metabolic load of malignant processes, avoiding partial volume effects and lesion segmentation. The potential role of this parameter in the assessment of response to chemotherapy and bevacizumab was tested in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with potentially resectable liver metastases (mCRC). {sup 18}F-FDG PET/CT was performed in 18 mCRC patients with liver metastases before treatment and after five cycles of FOLFOX/FOLFIRI and bevacizumab. Of the 18 patients, 16 subsequently underwent resection of liver metastases. Baseline and follow-up SUV{sub max}, and SAM as well as reduction in SUV{sub max} ({nabla}SUV{sub max}) and SAM ({nabla}SAM) of all liver metastases were correlated with morphological response, and progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS). A significant reduction in metabolic activity of the liver metastases was seen after chemotherapy with a median {nabla}SUV{sub max} of 25.3 % and {nabla}SAM of 94.5 % (p = 0.033 and 0.003). Median baseline SUV{sub max} and SAM values were significantly different between morphological responders and nonresponders (3.8 vs. 7.2, p = 0.021; and 34 vs. 211, p = 0.002, respectively), but neither baseline PET parameters nor morphological response was correlated with PFS or OS. Follow-up SUV{sub max} and SAM as well as {nabla}SAM were found to be prognostic factors. The median PFS and OS in the patient group with a high follow-up SUV{sub max} were 10.4 months and 32 months, compared to a median PFS of 14.7 months and a median OS which had not been reached in the group with a low follow-up SUV{sub max} (p = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively). The patient group with a high follow-up SAM and a low {nabla}SAM had a median PFS and OS of 9.4 months and 32 months, whereas the other group had a median PFS of 14.7 months and a median OS which had not been reached (p = 0.002 for both PFS and OS). {sup 18}F-FDG PET imaging is a useful
An imaging system for standardized quantitative analysis of C. elegans behavior
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Sternberg Paul W
Full Text Available Abstract Background The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used for the genetic analysis of neuronal cell biology, development, and behavior. Because traditional methods for evaluating behavioral phenotypes are qualitative and imprecise, there is a need for tools that allow quantitation and standardization of C. elegans behavioral assays. Results Here we describe a tracking and imaging system for the automated analysis of C. elegans morphology and behavior. Using this system, it is possible to record the behavior of individual nematodes over long time periods and quantify 144 specific phenotypic parameters. Conclusions These tools for phenotypic analysis will provide reliable, comprehensive scoring of a wide range of behavioral abnormalities, and will make it possible to standardize assays such that behavioral data from different labs can readily be compared. In addition, this system will facilitate high-throughput collection of phenotypic data that can ultimately be used to generate a comprehensive database of C. elegans phenotypic information. Availability The hardware configuration and software for the system are available from firstname.lastname@example.com.
Krabbe, Christiaan A.; van der Werff-Regelink, Gerreke; Pruim, Jan; van der Wal, Jacqueline E.; Roodenburg, Jan L. N.
Background. A disadvantage of 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in head and neck cancer is that F-18-FDG uptake is not specific to malignant tissue. To provide an alternative, radiolabeled amino acids such as L-1-[C-11]-tyrosine (C-11-TYR), were introduce
Inverse Kinematics and Model Calibration Optimization of a Five-D.O.F. Robot for Repairing the Surface Profiles of Hydraulic Turbine Blades
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Jose Mauricio S.T. Motta
Full Text Available This paper presents and discusses the results of an ongoing R&D project aiming to design and build a fully automated prototype of a specialized spherical robotic welding system for repairing hydraulic turbine surfaces eroded by cavitation pitting and/or cracks produced by cyclic loading. The system has an embedded vision sensor built to acquire range images by laser scanning over the blade's surface and produce 3D models to locate the damaged spots to be registered in a 3D coordinate system into the robot controller, enabling the robot to repair the flaws automatically by welding in layers. The paper is focused on the robot kinematic model and describes an iterative algorithm to process the inverse kinematics with only five degrees-of-freedom. The algorithm makes use of data collected from a vision sensor to ensure that the welding gun axis is perpendicular to the blade's surface. Besides this, it proposes a modelling and optimization mathematical routine for more efficient robot calibration, which can be used with any type of robot. This robot calibration optimization scheme finds the optimal error parameter vector based on the condition number of the manipulator transformation composed from the partial derivatives of the error parameters. Experimental results proved both the iterative algorithm to perform the inverse kinematics and the technique to optimize robot calibration to be very efficient.
μC/OS-Π在DSP芯片TMS320F2812的移植及应用%Migration and Application of μC/OS on DSP TMS320F2812
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
冯嘉鹏; 王喜顺
针对实时操作系统μC/OS-Π的特点和DSP芯片TMS320F2812硬件特性,详细论述了将μC/OS-Π移植到TMS320F2812的过程。并针对运动控制领域,在系统创建并运行多任务,测试移植后的μC/OS-Π在CAN和RS232通信、脉冲信号输出和捕捉、模数转换等方面的性能。测试结果表明,移植后的系统实时性强,可靠性高。%This paper discusses the process of Migration of RTOS μC/OS-Π according to the characteristics of μC/OS-Π and DSP TMS320F2812.In the end,several tasks,such as CAN and RS232 communication,output and capture of pulse signal,analog-digital conversion,ect,were created and opterated in order to test performance of μC/OS-Π.The test results showed that the migrated μC/OS-Π was strong real-time and high reliability.
Carriers of the Complex Allele HFE c.[187C>G;340+4T>C] Have Increased Risk of Iron Overload in Sao Miguel Island Population (Azores, Portugal.
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Claudia C Branco
Full Text Available Iron overload is associated with acquired and genetic conditions, the most common being hereditary hemochromatosis (HH type-I, caused by HFE mutations. Here, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study of 41 patients from the São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal, six belonging to a family with HH type-I pseudodominant inheritance, and 35 unrelated individuals fulfilling the biochemical criteria of iron overload compatible with HH type-I. For this purpose, we analyzed the most common HFE mutations- c.845G>A [p.Cys282Tyr], c.187C>G [p.His63Asp], and c.193A>T [p.Ser65Cys]. Results revealed that the family's HH pseudodominant pattern is due to consanguineous marriage of HFE-c.845G>A carriers, and to marriage with a genetically unrelated spouse that is a -c.187G carrier. Regarding unrelated patients, six were homozygous for c.845A, and three were c.845A/c.187G compound heterozygous. We then performed sequencing of HFE exons 2, 4, 5 and their intron-flanking regions. No other mutations were observed, but we identified the -c.340+4C [IVS2+4C] splice variant in 26 (74.3% patients. Functionally, the c.340+4C may generate alternative splicing by HFE exon 2 skipping and consequently, a protein missing the α1-domain essential for HFE/ transferrin receptor-1 interactions. Finally, we investigated HFE mutations configuration with iron overload by determining haplotypes and genotypic profiles. Results evidenced that carriers of HFE-c.187G allele also carry -c.340+4C, suggesting in-cis configuration. This data is corroborated by the association analysis where carriers of the complex allele HFE-c.[187C>G;340+4T>C] have an increased iron overload risk (RR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.40-2.94, pG;340+4T>C] has a role, as genetic predisposition factor, on iron overload in the São Miguel population. Independent replication studies in other populations are needed to confirm this association.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
For the conventional island, GEC Alsthom designs, manufactures and supplies: Mechanical equipment for the conventional island, Electrical equipment for the entire PWR unit, Safety-class mechanical equipment. Its experience and its own R and D resources, as well as close collaboration with EDF and experience feedback from equipment manufacturing, plant unit construction, and operation, enabled GEC Aslthom to meet the challenge of making a success of the massive nuclear power program launched in France. The latest step in the French nuclear power program is the 'N4' generation of 1450 MWe class units, for which GEC Alsthom has developed a second generation of impulse turbines, more compact and efficient moisture separator/reheaters and seawater-tight condensers