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Can bus Expansion ModuleFunctions of the Phantom 2 can be expanded through its Can bus module, which can be used for IOSD or 2. Imagine if that money had been spent usefully on, say, providing a medium size town in Africa with a clean water supply. JURISDICTION These terms of supply shall be governed by and interpreted in all respects in accordance with the laws of England, and the parties hereto submit and agree to the jurisdiction of the English courts.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 5, 2005
|Filing date
|Apr 14, 2003
|Priority date
|Aug 25, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Peter E. Price
|Original Assignee
|Peter E. Price
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (8), Classifications (58), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/382,548, filed on Aug. 25, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,547,824, which claims the benefit of Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/097,823, filed on Aug. 25, 1998, and Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/133,755, filed on May 12, 1999, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to artificial joints, including those for use in hip and knee replacements.
There is a growing need for extension of the useful life of man-made prosthetic joints. For example, total hip replacement surgeries have been performed in the United States since 1971 with many hundreds of thousands of patients receiving needed artificial joints. Many of these installations have failed and have required more complicated and costly revisions or repairs. Many of the currently installed devices including hips and knees are expected to have a useful life of only 10-15 years depending on many factors including the level of activity of the recipients. A major factor contributing to these failures is the wear of one of the mated load-bearing surfaces which is most commonly and traditionally made from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), a polymer with a microstructure having a crystalline phase material (usually present in the range of about 40 to 80% by volume) embedded in a noncrystalline phase matrix. Wear of this material results in loss of the original functionally engineered geometrically designed contours of artificial hips, namely, the wearing of a deep socket in the UHMWPE cup and related production of nanoscale particulate polymer wear debris. The debris, in turn, triggers an adverse foreign body response in the region of the installed device. This in vivo response can produce collateral damage leading to loosening of members of the device, subsequent dysfunction and pain and, ultimately, the need for surgical repair or revision.
Corrosion-resistant metal alloys and, less often, ceramics are used for the ball member of a hip joint which replaces the original anatomical femoral head. UHMWPE is the current material of choice for the cup member which replaces the surface of the pelvic opening known as the acetabulum. A great deal of research has been performed to find suitable and improved ball materials from the standpoint of reducing friction and wear against UHMWPE while assuring corrosion resistance and overall biocompatibility. These efforts carried out over the last 15-20 years have resulted in a short list of commonly accepted ball and stem materials for artificial hips and other prosthetic applications. This list includes AISI 316 stainless steels, cast cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys, wrought cobalt-chromium alloys, unalloyed titanium, Ti-6Al-4V alloys, and cobalt-chromium-nickel alloys. Additionally, these alloys have been modified using various surface treatments for improved properties relative to prosthetic applications.
Another area of intense research on prosthetic materials has recently focused on improving the UHMWPE material used as a load bearing material opposing the metal or ceramic component of these artificial joint devices. This research has produced a variety of chemical and thermal processing methods which, taken in combination, alter the structure of the polymer. This structure-altered material is characterized in part by a reduction in scale and size of the crystalline phase lamellae within the microstructure as compared to the scale and size of lamellae in non-altered material.
Today, the cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys known under the standardization identity of ASTM F-75 and derivative identities are used most extensively for the ball material. ASTM F-75 type alloys contain up to 0.36 wt % carbon. This is primarily for the historical reason related to the adaptation and standardization of an alloy suitable for prosthetic applications from a cobalt-base, high temperature superalloy known to have corrosion resistance significantly exceeding that of stainless steel. This adaptation of the Haynes Stellite (HS-21), otherwise known as Modified Vitallium alloy, occurred at a time preceding the current more complete understanding of the mechanisms governing wear in prosthetic devices. There is a further historical relationship in the current use of this alloy as a prosthetic material in that the original composition developed by the Austenal Company was developed and used as a prosthodontic alloy in the late 1930's. As is known in the metallurgical art, the simultaneous presence of carbon and chromium in a cobalt based alloy will result in the presence of hard phase chromium carbides dispersed within grains and at grain boundaries. Such a dispersion may be non uniform in cast structures with concentrations of carbides at grain boundaries. Because of the high atomic ratio of chromium to carbon in high chromium alloys, these carbides (Cr23C6) are more resistant to corrosion than the surrounding matrix. In the current art, it is known that in vivo corrosion of these cobalt alloys does take place as evidenced by recovery of metal ions in tissues and fluids surrounding installed prosthetic devices, and these carbides will, in time, end up in positive relief as asperities. Such asperities are believed to contribute to a ploughing effect in the accelerated wear of a matching UHMWPE cup surface of a prosthetic joint device. These carbides may also end up in relief in the manufacturing process because they inherently resist the polishing process used to produce the final surface finish of the femoral ball.
The evolutionary development of prosthodontic materials has resulted today in the availability of a wide range of noble metal alloys containing gold, platinum, palladium, silver, and small amounts of other elements used for control of processing, structure, and properties. These alloys have been proven to be corrosion resistant and biocompatible over long periods of time. In addition, they can be formulated and processed to produce hardness sufficient to withstand use in two body and three body friction and wear processes, in the chewing of food including hard foods and foods containing exogenous particles of very hard grit or foreign substances, such that the useful life of installed devices constructed from these noble metal alloys frequently exceeds 30 years or more. A unique characteristic related to these noble metal alloys is that they are not chemically capable of forming hard phases such as carbides, nitrides and oxynitrides as is well known in the metallurgical art and documented in the phase diagram literature. Thus, ploughing effects in wear produced by particles of this nature standing in microscopic relief do not occur with use of such noble metal alloys.
In the literature of the art on friction and wear (Friction and Wear of Materials, Rabinowitz, Wiley 1965), a quantitative law of adhesive wear (i.e. wear in the absence of third body abrasive particles) is given by the Holm equation (Holm, 1946). The worn-away volume, V, is stated as:
The hardness of the softer UHMWPE has certain published values taken at room temperature, most commonly 293� K. This polymer is a crystalline polymer with a volume fraction of crystalline material ranging from about 40 to 80% depending on its thermal processing history. In vivo, this polymer operates at 310� K when it is at equilibrium with its surroundings. The nominal crystalline melting point (Tmp) of this polymer is 410� K. On an absolute temperature scale, the operating (or homologous) temperature of 310� K is 0.76 Tmp or higher. In the field of materials science of crystalline solids, most commonly metals and ceramics, operation at a homologous temperature of 0.76 constitutes a high temperature use requiring appropriate temperature related design rules. UHMWPE is a low temperature material being applied in a high temperature regime when used in prosthetic devices.
In addition to the quantitative law of adhesive wear referred to above, an area of extreme interest to the early workers in the field of friction and lubrication of solids was the surface temperature produced during frictional rubbing of various pairs of materials, most commonly metals (Bowden and Tabor, The Friction and Lubrication of Solids, Oxford 1950). When one solid body slides over another, a significant portion of the mechanical work done against friction for devices where the coefficient is greater than zero is liberated as heat generated at or near the sliding surfaces. In artificial prosthetic joints installed in users (i.e. in vivo), this heat is dissipated by thermal conduction into the biological surroundings having a base reference temperature of 310� K. Following known laws of heat transfer, the rate of thermal conduction of this frictional heat is controlled by a series of thermal resistances characterized by: 1. the dimensions and thermal conductivities of the materials of construction of the device, 2. the thermal contact resistances within the device in the cases of multipart or modular devices, 3. the thermal conductivities and thicknesses of cements or other substances used for device fixation, 4. the dimensions and thermal conductivity of bone into which the device is mounted or embedded, and 5. the thermal resistance or heat transfer film coefficients from bone and directly exposed device materials to the surrounding fluids and tissues around the device where such surroundings are fixed at an environmental temperature of 310� K.
Embodiments of the present invention solve problems of the prior art with respect to maintaining load-bearing surfaces of prosthetic joints approximately at or below specified temperatures. Such thermal management solutions may yield extended life joints. Accordingly, in an embodiment of the invention, a prosthetic joint includes a first member, made of UHMWPE, with a first load-bearing surface and a second member, having a second body portion that includes an encased heat pipe core. The second member has a second load-bearing portion having a second load-bearing surface. The load-bearing surfaces are slidingly disposed relative to each other defining a region of frictional contact during joint use. Heat is removed from the region during joint use by thermal conduction through the heat pipe core so that the first and second surfaces are maintained approximately at or below a specified temperature. The specified temperature may, for example, be less than a lowest melting point of a material of either of the surfaces. It may be less than a temperature that destroys organic species indigenous to an in vivo joint or may be equal to about that of surroundings in which the joint is used. The second load-bearing portion has greater than about seventy-five times higher thermal conductivity than UHMWPE when the conductivities are measured at about 310� K. The heat pipe core may have a thermal conductivity of greater than about 50 W/m� K. The prosthetic joint may serve as an artificial hip wherein the first member is ball-shaped and the second surface of the second member is cup-shaped and is sized to mate with the first member. In another embodiment, the second member may be ball-shaped and the first surface of the first member is cup-shaped and is sized to mate with the second member.
In other embodiments that are of particular application to prosthetic hip joints, modular femoral balls and acetabular cups are provided. A modular femoral ball is one capable of being fixedly attached to a femoral stem to form a femoral component. In an embodiment, the ball includes a core and a metallic layer that is metallurgically bonded to the core. The layer has a higher thermal conductivity than does the core. A prosthetic hip joint is provided in a related embodiment wherein the thermal conductivity of the layer is greater than about seventy-five times that of an acetabular cup element of the joint. In still another embodiment, a metallic acetabular cup is provided. The cup includes a metallic first cup member and a metallic supporting second cup member; the members metallurgically bonded together. The first cup member has a higher thermal conductivity than does the supporting second cup member. Related to this metallic cup embodiment, a prosthetic hip joint is provided wherein the metallic first cup member has thermal conductivity greater than about seventy-five times that of the femoral ball element of the joint.
As a result of the complex thermal paths to the surroundings of an in vivo prosthetic joint and the constraints of the laws of thermal conduction along these paths, the operating temperature at the sliding, load-bearing surfaces is usually above the surroundings temperature. An average sliding surface temperature is governed by the balance or imbalance of the rate of heat generation by friction at regions of frictional contact and the rate of heat conduction away from such regions through the device materials. The level to which this operating temperature rises during use is controlled by the previously described materials and design parameters as well as the use cycle of the device. The parameters of this use cycle include the load on the device, most commonly related to the weight of the user for hip and knee devices, the relative sliding velocity of the joint surfaces which in turn are controlled by device dimensions and cyclic use frequency (in the case of hips and knees the stride or gait rate in strides per unit time), acceleration forces related to increasing the mass velocity of the user, and the overall sliding friction coefficient of the materials pair forming the articulating surfaces of the device, such coefficient modified by body fluids and biological substances present at the surfaces, and finally the time of use. Time of use is a wide ranging variable depending on user activities covering intervals from short transients with intermittent rests, to long steady state uses, typically long walks, and a combination of short and long segments with stops and starts in various innumerable combinations. In the case of artificial hips, the average load at the articulating surfaces depends primarily on body mass. The rate of frictional heat generation depends on the product of load, sliding velocity and friction coefficient as is well known.
The average temperature of the sliding surfaces as a function of time will be governed by transient rises of various durations followed by decays depending on the lengths and sequence of activity segments and rest segments. In the case of prolonged activity of a single type, i.e. walking, a steady state temperature condition may be reached at the sliding surfaces wherein the surface temperatures become nearly constant as frictional heat is conducted into the surrounding 310� K environment though various regions of the device and the thermally connected surrounding biological materials.
Using methods in the literature (Friction and Lubrication of Solids, Part II, Bowden and Tabor, Oxford 1964, p. 217 and Rabinowitz, Friction and Wear of Materials, Wiley 1965, p. 203), estimates, using a simplified model, can be made of the rub temperatures that could be expected under the dynamic conditions of use of an artificial hip constructed of commonly used materials. From Rabinowitz, p. 216, and the known sliding speed of artificial joints (which is most commonly of the order of 0.01-0.1 m/sec), the friction behavior of these joints lies within the boundary lubrication regime. In such a regime, the overall friction coefficient that can be measured experimentally consists of a contribution both from load-supporting regions of direct metal to polymer contact (defined as "breakthrough rub" with its characteristic friction coefficient) and from load-supporting regions where the friction coefficient is that for metal and polymer separated by films. Regions may be defined as small or large load-bearing areas which, in aggregate, support the total load on the sliding surfaces of the device. In vivo, separating films may be synovial fluids, deposits of other natural or biological materials, and their derivatives produced by beat alteration or other chemical reactions caused by the sliding wear process. The weighting law which gives the overall friction coefficient (according to Rabinowitz) is given as:
F=a�F m+(1−a)�FI
In the literature, Bowden and Tabor (1950) teach that at the articulating interface of pairs of sliding surfaces where one of the pair has the property of low thermal conductivity, high "rubbing" temperatures occur at random locations and times. The dimensions of these random event hot spots are small (about 10−7 m2) and the rise and fall times of the maximum temperatures of these spots are short (about 10−3 to 10−4 sec). Depending on the relative thermal conductivities of the materials of the pair, the load, and the sliding velocity, these "rubbing" temperatures may be quite high. In the literature on the friction and wear of prosthetic devices, steady state temperatures have been measured under laboratory conditions at points close to the articulating surface of the ball component of the an artificial hip device. Bowden and Tabor disclose that hot spot rub events usually occur under dry rub conditions but may occur under conditions of flooding film lubrication. In the use of artificial prosthetic devices, dry rub conditions may occur during "start up" motion commencing after a user has paused or rested without motion.
During these static load periods, lubricating fluids may be squeezed out of the articulating surface interface load-bearing region. In artificial prosthetic devices, it is expected by analogy with the friction, lubrication, and wear literature that hot spots will occur at sliding interfaces. In the case of a device where one member of the articulating surface pair is a polymer, numerous hot spot temperature rises are expected on the polymer side during a use cycle of any type.
The temperature dependence of the hardness of UHMWPE has been measured under laboratory conditions in support of the art disclosed in this application and are presented in FIG. 1. These hardness measurements at 295�, 333� and 373� K (referenced as items 1, 2, and 3, respectively) show a linear correlation between the natural logarithm of hardness (using the Meyer scale of hardness) and temperature. [Reference points at 310� K and at 410� K are also included in the plot; specifically, an H value of 40.5 MPa at 310� K and an H value of 13.7 MPa at 410� K.] Such a correlation is well known in the art of the behavior of crystalline materials in the commonly defined high temperature region in which use temperatures lie between approximately 0.65 Tmp (Tmp is the absolute melting point of a crystalline material on the Kelvin temperature scale) and Tmp. For UHMWPE with a nominal melting point of 410� K and where the mechanical behavior is taken as controlled by the crystalline fraction of the material, the lower bound of this high temperature region is approximately 266� K The lowest possible operating temperature of UHMWPE in prosthetic devices is 310� K, the baseline environmental temperature, or 0.75 Tmp placing this UHMWPE in a prosthetic device well within the high temperature operating regime of a crystalline material. With these data in mind, average, transient, and transient superimposed upon average temperature rises will lead to local softening according to the above disclosed hardness-temperature relationship for UHMWPE and, over time and in aggregate, will result in increased wear according to the Holm equation for a device which is not thermally managed. Such thermal management, as described below as embodiments, involves limiting the rise in average and transient sliding surface temperatures in artificial prosthetic devices through the use of biocompatible, high thermal conductivity metals and alloys for construction of the load-bearing component surface (which opposes UHMWPE in present prostheses). It further involves the coupling of these surface regions to heat pipe structures for conduction of frictional heat to distal regions of the device and to the surroundings. To insure that substantially all the frictional heat generated at the sliding load-bearing surface is removed by conduction through the metal side (or side opposing the polymeric surface), the thermal conductivity of the material of this side is selected with a value at least seventy five times greater than the thermal conductivity of the material of the opposing load bearing side. Additionally, reduction of heat flow into UHMWPE may be furthered by microstructural alteration such that the thermal conductivity and diffusivity properties of UHMWPE may be suppressed to values below those same property values for standard UHMWPE material.
Bowden and Tabor (1950) give a simplified model calculation of the surface temperature established between two rubbing solids. This model is used herein to apply to the rub of various materials on UHMWPE under loads and sliding velocities selected as nominal operating conditions for artificial hips. The model is applicable to other prosthetic joints as well; hip joints are modeled as one embodiment.
Two massive surfaces, which are large compared to the area of contact between them and having specific thermal conductivities k1 and k2 touch over a small circular region between them (or junction) of radius a. The total contact area of the load is assumed to be assembled into a single area defined by W/H where W is the load and H is the material hardness. Actually, the load will be subdivided into many points of contact which will reduce each "a" but will, also, proportionately reduce each "W" associated with each "a". As a result of friction at this region, a quantity of heat Q is developed per second and flows away into the two bulk materials. A portion Q1 flows into Body I, taken here to be UHMWPE, and Q2 flows into body II, taken here as the head of a hip prosthesis, and
It is assumed that a steady state is reached at which the junction temperature attains a steady temperature T, while the bulk of the bodies remain at ambient or surroundings temperature, T0 (body temperature of 310� K). Thermal conductance is defined for the junction by the relation:
Heat flow per second=(thermal conductance)�(temperature drop)
An analogy is invoked by Bowden for the electrical contact case giving the thermal conductance from the junction into body I as 4ak1 and that into body II as 4ak2. Then
Q 1=4ak 1(T−T 0)
Q2=4ak 2(T−T 0) and Q=Q 1 +Q 2
T−T 0 =Q/4a(k 1 +k 2) (1)
With a load W, coefficient of friction u, and the sliding speed v, the rate of heat generation is given by:
Q=uWgv/J (2)
where J is a conversion factor for mechanical energy to thermal energy units and g is the acceleration of gravity when W is given in mass units.
Substituting (2) into (1) yields:
T−T 0 =uWgv/4aJ(k 1 +k 2) (3)
Therefore, as would be expected, the junction temperature T will vary inversely with the thermal conductivity of the ball material, k1, as k2 of UHMWPE (˜0.4 W/� K) is much smaller than k1 for most metals. The rise in surface temperature for hip ball materials is then calculated using the following values:
For the purpose of illustration of peak rub temperatures that can be estimated for the stated operating conditions, a range of thermal conductivities of k1 from about 5-125 W/m� K has been selected. This range of thermal conductivities covers several of the conventional materials used for prosthetic devices as well as the improved materials discussed.
Plots of surface temperatures versus k1 are shown as Examples 1, 2, and 3 in FIG. 2. Example 1 (ref. 22) represents the temperature when a 22 mm ball is used, Example 2 (ref. 25) represents the temperature with a 25 mm ball, and Example 3 (ref. 32) represents a 32 mm ball. The above calculated temperatures are totals which are comprised of the "rub rise" due to friction added to the surroundings temperature of 310� K. Also shown in
Values for thermal properties of materials related to this invention are given below in Table I.
Thermal Conductivity
W/m � K. @ 298� K.
Thermal Diffusivity
except as noted
10−7 m2/sec
(structure modified)
Ti6 A14 V alloy
Co—Cr—Mo, F-75 type
SS, 304,316 type
Au, 25% Ag-6% Pt
Mo, pure (reference)
W, pure (reference)
Au, pure (reference)
Cu, pure (reference)
The structure modified UHMWPE had been gamma irradiated at a 100 MRad dosage and melt stabilized. Standard UHMWPE material was taken from extrusion compacted rod without further processing. Thermal measurements on the UHMWPE were made using a laser flash method that conforms to ASTM E1461-92, "Standard Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity of Solids by the Flash Method. Reference thermal conductivites for pure materials were taken from the 58th Ed. of the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Values for Co—Cr—Mo, F-75 type were taken from the AeroSpace Materials Handbook, December 1970 for Stellite 21 alloy. The Au—Ag—Pt data was taken from the ASM Metals Handbook, 1948 Ed. Data for Ti 6Al 4V and both types of stainless steel were taken from ASM Metals Handbook Desk Ed., 1985. Data for alumina and zirconia were taken from "Oxide Ceramics", Ryshkewitch, Academic Press, 1960.
It is known that all mechanical properties of UHMWPE are temperature dependent over the range of interest for prosthetic devices. Considering that properties of UHMWPE may be controlled by the volume fraction which is purely crystalline material (by analogy with metals and crystalline non-metals) the material operates in these devices in the "high temperature regime", (i.e. where the operating temperature is >0.6 Tmp where T is in � K. At 310� K this material is at 0.76 of Tmp; at 340� K, which is an estimated lower bound rub temperature with materials of the current art, the UHMWPE surface rub temperature may rise to 0.81 Tmp. As previously disclosed the hardness of UHMWPE is strongly temperature dependent leading to increased wear due to decreased hardness at all points on the surface of a polymer component where such high temperatures, 0.81 Tmp, occur.
Adverse system effects which may occur as a result of excessive rub temperatures predicted for Co—Cr—Mo alloy rubbing against UHMWPE under "normal" simulation test conditions as well as "in vivo" include:
Substantial reduction of rub temperatures in all orthopedic devices installed in patients, including hips, knees, shoulders, and other joints, can be accomplished by use of a high thermal conductivity metal component in conjunction with a UHMWPE mating component. A biocompatible metal system for this purpose can be synthesized using gold as an alloy base and improving its mechanical properties with suitable alloying elements including but not limited to Pt, Pd, Ag, Zn, Cu, Ni and Ir. Such alloys have been conceived and employed in dental applications where non-toxicity, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, strength and toughness are design requirements similar in many regards to those for orthopedic devices. Such alloys have been disclosed in Gold Alloys in Dentistry, by W. S. Crowell, Metals Handbook, ASM 8th Ed. and in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,007,040 to Kropp. It is known that alloying will decrease the thermal conductivity of pure Au to a value below that in its pure form. However, inspection of the data in Table I for existing engineering metals for orthopedic devices shows that even alloyed, an Au base would decrease friction rub temperatures substantially leading to improved wear life of artificial hip, knee and other systems installed in vivo. Use of such Au based material with a thermal conductivity greater than about 54 W/m� K for the first load bearing surface indicates that under the rub temperature conditions used for illustration in
These same low temperature limits achieved by use of a material with thermal conductivity of 90 W/m� K or greater define an operating temperature rise which allows a second load bearing surface of standard UHMWPE to operate at least 90% of its baseline Meyer hardness of about 40 MPa as indicated in FIG. 2.
A number of device type embodiments, as well as associated materials and processing details derived from the framework presented above, are provided below:
Embodiments of extended life prosthetic hip joints are described below. It should be understood that application to hip joints is illustrative and, in no way limits the use of similar embodiments in other surroundings.
Regarding a first embodiment with reference to
In a second embodiment, yet still referring to
Another embodiment is illustrated as FIG. 4. When compared with the first embodiment with reference to
A fourth embodiment of a thermally managed artificial hip is shown in FIG. 5. In this configuration femoral ball 52 is modular and may be attached to the femoral stem 50 using a standard locking taper joint well known in the art. The core region 51 of the modular femoral ball 52 and femoral stem 50 may be constructed of standard prosthetic alloys used in previous embodiments (for example, items 320 and 312). Femoral ball 52 is clad with a layer 301 of high thermal conductivity biocompatible material such as gold, gold alloy, or other material with a thermal conductivity greater than 30 W/m� K as in previous embodiments. This high thermal conductivity alloy comprises the load-bearing surface 302 of the ball 52. Layer 301 is of sufficient thickness to rapidly conduct frictional heat away from the articulating surfaces (first load-bearing surface 302 and surface 53 of first cup portion 311) via an equatorial region of layer 301 extending below the first cup portion 311 that is exposed at rest and during motion directly to the surrounding biological environment as well as through the core of the ball 51 and into the stem 50 of the device.
Referring again to
In yet a sixth embodiment of an extended life prosthetic joint through thermal management,
In a seventh embodiment (similar to the sixth embodiment) shown in
Although the embodiments described have used artificial hip devices for purposes of illustration, it would be clear to anyone skilled in the art that extended life improvements through thermal management as taught in this in invention could be achieved for other design variations of the hip device as well as a full range of artificial knee devices which are heavily loaded and also subject to frictional heating and wear of the softer material of the sliding pair, most usually UHMWPE in the current art.
For knees and other high stress prosthetic devices the principle of high thermal conductivity cladding of the metal side of knee device would be applied and further heat transfer augmentation could be achieved through the use of clad heat pipe construction.
Although the invention has been described with reference to several embodiments, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications can be made and extension to other types of prosthetic devices can be made without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention, as set forth in the claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 18, 1981
|Aug 20, 1985
|Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
|Low friction bearing surfaces and structures particularly for artificial prosthetic joints
|Jan 20, 1987
|May 10, 1988
|Spire Corporation
|Corrosion inhibition of metal alloys
|Jan 19, 1996
|Oct 7, 1997
|Implant Sciences Corp.
|Coated orthopaedic implant components
|Mar 10, 1997
|Feb 2, 1999
|Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc.
|Coated load bearing surface for a prosthetic joint
|Monachos Engineering, Conductivity table for various materials, 1 page.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 6, 2007
|Jul 24, 2012
|Ceramtec Gmbh
|Insertion of vibration-damping elements in prosthetic systems for the manipulation and damping of natural frequencies
|Nov 18, 2009
|Aug 21, 2012
|Biomet Manufacturing Corp.
|Shoulder prosthetic
|May 17, 2012
|Mar 4, 2014
|Biomet Manufacturing, Llc
|Shoulder prosthetic
|May 7, 2010
|Sep 23, 2014
|Smith & Nephew, Inc.
|Modular trial heads for a prosthetic
|Feb 29, 2008
|Sep 25, 2008
|Biomet Manufacturing Corp.
|Femoral Head Having A Spherical Backside Surface
|Aug 6, 2007
|Dec 31, 2009
|Roman Preuss
|Insertion of vibration-damping elements in prosthetic systems for the manipulation and damping of natural frequencies
|Nov 18, 2009
|May 19, 2011
|Biomet Manufacturing Corp.
|Shoulder prosthetic
|May 7, 2010
|Sep 20, 2012
|Smith & Nephew, Inc.
|Modular trial heads for a prosthetic
|U.S. Classification
|623/23.11, 623/18.11, 623/23.36
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 1, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 27, 2010
Owner name: PRICE, GEORGE W., MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PRICE, PETER E.;REEL/FRAME:023854/0997
Effective date: 20100112
|Sep 16, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 10, 2016
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed

subset: commoncrawl


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text: Iyabo Ojo, Dorien Wilson Star In 'The Mask' There is obviously a new turn in the acting career of popular Yoruba actress, Iyabo Ojo as she is currently on set of a new movie project with Hollywood actor, Dorien Wilson in 'The Mask'. The film is being shot in California, Los Angeles and is written by Pastor Promise Adeyemi, and produced by US-based Kharisma Production. This is the first Hollywood collaboration for the multiple award-winning actress. Only the likes of Genevieve Nnaji, Stephanie Okereke and few others have had the opportunity to feature with a Hollywood actor. Previous Article I Have a Very Bad Temper…Bukky Wright Opens Up Next Article Amaechi is an Intelligent and Fearless Man…Joke Silva Previous Article I Have a Very Bad Temper…Bukky Wright Opens Up Next Article Amaechi is an Intelligent and Fearless Man…Joke Silva Share This Story facebook twitter google+ linkedin Whatsapp email Omotola Jalade Ekehinde and Omoni Oboli Visit Mother Teresa In India "I Don't Care If You Dated Or issed My Husband" - -Kunle Afod's Wife Desola Moji Olaiya's death: Why I lashed back at Yomi Fash-Lanso – Yomi Fabiyi Ebube Nwagbo Stop Wearing Artificial Hips! - - Fans Actress, Anita Joseph Is Pregnant With Twins? "I won't do Big Brother Naija again, even for N50m" — TBoss boasts Moji Olaiya's Death Is A Big Loss To The Nigeria--- Lai Mohammed Mercy Aigbe's Husband Makes Mockery of Her London's Medical Checkup Trending: Mobbing Of Nigerian Movie Stars In The United States Fela slept with me more than his other 27 wives - Kevwe Funke Akindele's Tell It All Interview With CNN's 'African Voices' Actress, Foluke Daramola's Husband Addresses Comment Made Regarding Late Moji Olaiya's Death, Burial Anita Is Not Pregnant- Anita Joseph's Reps 30 Billion For Your Account!!! Davido Sponsors 5year old Kid For Lifetime (Photos) Kate Henshaw Makes Curious Claim About Marriages Crashing Nigeriafilms Nollywood Latest News Davido's second Babymama reacts as lady is spotted in Davido's Hotel room......See photos Omotola Jalade Ekehinde and Omoni Oboli Visit Mother Teresa In India Photos: Victor Moses Weds Long Time Partner In Private Ceremony Nigerian boxer, Bash Ali reacts to Holyfield's invitation to Lagos View More Latest News


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Announcements & Events
Veterans Transition Center Memorial Day Car Show | May 27, 2017
Plan to attend VTC's 4th Annual Classic Car and Truck Show, from 9:00am to 3:00pm. Registration fee is $60, with the first 100 entries receiving a t-shirt, dash plaque and a goodie bag. Registration day of event opens at 8:00am. Cars will be displayed on the front parking area of marintez Hall on historic Fort Ord, just off Imjin Rd. at 220 12th St., Marina. For more info, please contact VTC: 831-883-VETS or access their website: https://www.vtcmonterey.org/
2017 FORA Jobs Survey
The 2017 FORA Jobs Survey report summarizes and compares 2015 and 2017 Jobs Survey outcomes as success metrics for Fort Ord Reuse Authority (FORA) economic recovery goals. Primary and secondary research were used including online business searches, email surveys, and in-person/phone communications. The survey area was limited to the former Fort Ord boundary, and reported results include existing and near-term projected full-time (FT) and part-time (PT) positions. Survey results will be incorporated in FORA's Annual Report as directed by the Base Reuse Plan (BRP) Context and Framework (22.214.171.124 (c), pg. 208).
112 employers and 4958 positions were identified within the former Fort Ord boundary, representing a 21% (873 jobs) increase in total jobs since 2015, with a majority being part-time positions. Business types on the former Fort Ord include: professional services (47%); retail/food service (22%); education related (12%); recreation (7%); and military (7%). Military-related account for the largest employment group, followed by education-related, professional, retail and recreation. These results represent an overall 28% progress towards the 18,000 BRP post-Fort Ord jobs target.
The 2017 Jobs Survey employer database provided the underlying data for the recently released FORA Business Directory. The Business Directory provides profiles, location information, and contacts for businesses located on the former Fort Ord.Access the Jobs Survey Here
2017 Startup Challenge Monterey Bay Winners Selected
The winners of this year's Startup Challenge Monterey Bay were selected on May 12, 2017 by a panel of judges at the at the Joel and Dena Gambord Business & Information Technology Building on the CSU Monterey Bay campus.
Aether, the Venture Division Winner, won the $20,000 cash prize plus $10,000 in legal and other business services. Their goal is to lower manufacturing costs and accelerate pharmaceutical development by their Organism Design Software with high-throughput, robotic automation to engineer microorganisms for pharmaceutical production.
The Lab Pros, the Main Street Division Winner, won the $10,000 cash prize. They are a new local laboratory offering services and quality control for the Central Coast wine industry.
Cruz Foam, the Student Division Winner, (UC Santa Cruz) transforms shrimp shells into surfboards to shape the future of sustainable surfboards won the $1,500 cash prize.
Notice of Preparation of an Environmental Impact Report for the California State University Monterey Bay Master Plan
The Board of Trustees of the California State University has issued a Notice of Preparation (NOP) for the California State University Monterey Bay (CSUMB) Master Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR). The NOP establishes a 30-day public review and scoping period from May 12, 2017 to June 12, 2017. The NOP provides information about the project, EIR process, Scoping Meetings, and how to comment on the scope of the pending EIR.Review the NOP Here
FORA Regional Urban Design Guidelines (RUDG) Receive National Achievement Award
Regional urban design guidelines, developed over the course of a 2-year public engagement process and unanimously approved by the FORA Board in June 2016, were recognized by the American Planning Association (APA) with a 2017 National Achievement Award. One of twelve Achievement Awards nationwide, this award builds on a legacy of recognition for the Fort Ord reuse planning process that includes a Best Practice in Planning Award for the 2012 Reassessment Report, and a 1997 National Outstanding Planning Award for the Base Reuse Plan and Environmental Impact Report.
The RUDG public planning process involved multilingual outreach through social media, educational forums, interactive online tools, and a dynamic website to collect input about the guidelines and encourage community involvement in the planning process. More than 1,200 people participated in special topic meetings, design sessions, and open studio visits.
This award recognizes the quality work of the Monterey Bay area community, FORA Board appointed RUDG Task Force, staff and consultant team in conducting a credible and open public planning process, which serves as a best practice model for large area, complex public planning processes anywhere. Elizabeth Caraker, City of Monterey Principal Planner and RUDG Task Force Member, and Josh Metz, RUDG Project Manager, and FORA Economic Development Manager received the award during the recent APA National Planning Conference.
Coworking Space Market Feasibility Study
The Fort Ord Reuse Authority (FORA) and the Institute for Innovation and Economic Development (iiED) at California State University Monterey Bay (CSUMB) completed a regional coworking space market feasibility report to better understand local market readiness to support investment in coworking facilities.
Results of this study suggest an unmet demand for new coworking spaces in the study area. Neighboring communities with similar demographics have a proliferation of coworking spaces, while the study area has few. Among other indicators, new community development as part of the civilian reuse of the former Fort Ord continues to gain momentum. Seventy percent of survey respondents in this study indicated a desire to use coworking facilities. These trends indicate an existing current demand and growing future demand for coworking spaces. Early market actors could take advantage of the current market and service provision imbalance.


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We're thinking of a Yucatan trip sometime soon, and plan to rent a car & travel independently.
Itinerary might start at Cancun, then go to Tulum, and then branch off into the interior to Coba, proceeding on to Valladolid. But the maps we have seem to show that the road between Coba and Chemax is unpaved?
Is this section feasible (or indeed a useful route) in a normal rental car? Or should we take a longer way round via Tres Reyes? Or would we actually be better off just backtracking to Cancun and taking the motorway?


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Duplin expecting 400 acre solar farm
Rose Hill, Duplin County: - Solar Farms are moving in to eastern Carolina because power companies here are paying more for the sun generated energy than companies on the west side of the state. Brother and sister Wyatt Blanchard and Catherine Blanchard Register, are the first people in Duplin County to lease their land to a solar company.
The ten acre plot of solar panels took about three months to install. It generates enough power to run 1,100 houses. The energy from the farm is sold to power companies, but used in houses surrounding the panels.
Farmer Edward Dail of Dail farms says several friends are taking advantage of the lease. He says with all the uncertainty of farming, a steady flat income could be a perk.
"Whether the wind blows or storms or tornadoes or hurricanes in the fall you always will be guaranteed X-number of dollars off that acre of ground so that the best part of it," said Dail.
But the length of the lease could be a drawback.
"And maybe it is fair today but in 5-10 years before the contract is up it may not be as good as it seems today," said Dail.
Some companies, like Strata Solar give a double bonus. Not only do they pay farmers for the fields, they hire local people to install the panels. The installation won't cost counties much either, because they wont require new roads or water lines to be built.
Spokespeople from Strata Solar say after the lease is up, they will be responsible for removing the panels. Strata uses only "permeable" products when installing their panels, which means no concrete or gravels. This makes removal easy, and gives farmers the option to re-plant crops in the fields if they would like.
Farmers say, they like the option of leasing their land. That way, family owned land can stay in the family. Farmers say they also like the fact they can choose to plant crops once the lease expires if the market changes in 20 years and plants become more valuable.
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The Perks of Being Tall
There are very few downsides to being tall. Indeed, cars are horrible contraptions made by the jealous vertically challenged, planes are a tall person's worst nightmare, and hobbit holes are just out of the question, but the perks of extreme height far outweigh the downsides. Fact: when you are tall you are 62% more… Read more »


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Two-speed Europe is bad idea, we need to strive for unity: Czech minister
PRAGUE Splitting Europe into two groups of countries with different integration aims is a bad idea that would weaken the union, Czech Foreign Minister Lubomir Zaoralek said.
* French bond yield hits one-month low
* Sentiment improves after Bayrou-Macron alliance
* French/German 10-year yield gap down from multi-year highs
* Euro zone periphery govt bond yields tmsnrt.rs/2ii2Bqr (Updates prices)
By Dhara Ranasinghe
LONDON, Feb 23 The extra return investors demand to hold French rather than German debt shrank from multi-year highs on Thursday as a new centrist pact in France's presidential election race eased market concerns about far-rightist Marine Le Pen gaining ground.
Influential centrist Francois Bayrou on Wednesday decided not to run in the French election and struck an alliance with candidate Emmanuel Macron that may boost the latter's chances in the tight race.
Markets are nervous about Le Pen's anti-euro stance, and polls earlier this week showing her narrowing the gap with centrist contenders had rattled investors in the wake of the populist backlash in votes in Britain and the United States last year.
France's presidential election takes place over two rounds, scheduled for April and May, and the National Front's Le Pen is widely tipped to go through to the second-round runoff but then lose.
A poll on Wednesday showed Macron was seen beating Le Pen in the runoff by 60 percent to 40 percent.
"Yesterday's developments in France were positive for French bonds and broader risk appetite," said Orlando Green, European fixed income strategist at Credit Agricole in London.
France's 10-year bond yield fell as much as 9 basis points to a one-month low of 0.95 percent on Thursday, extending falls seen after Bayrou's announcement on Wednesday.
The gap between French and German 10-year bond yields, a gauge of how investors view relative risks, narrowed to around 70 basis points, having been at 84 bps earlier this week, its widest since late 2012.
"The break below 80 bps is a level at which domestic buyers are tempted to step back in to French bonds," said Richard McGuire, head of rates strategy at Rabobank.
Rising euro zone bond yields and widening spreads in the region have not had a major impact on the real economy, and the European Central Bank will take a look at market developments after coming elections, board member Peter Praet said on Thursday.
German 10-year yields were close to their lowest levels this year at 0.23 percent, while Irish and Portuguese equivalents fell to one-month lows on Thursday.
For Reuters Live Markets blog on European and UK stock markets see reuters://realtime/verb=Open/url=http://emea1.apps.cp.extranet.thomsonreuters.biz/cms/?pageId=livemarkets
(Editing by Andrew Roche)
PRAGUE Splitting Europe into two groups of countries with different integration aims is a bad idea that would weaken the union, Czech Foreign Minister Lubomir Zaoralek said.
Reuters Breakingviews recently hosted two events in the United States, featuring timely discussions on two important topics: infrastructure and financial markets performance under President Donald Trump.


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NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- With the federal government inching close to the debt ceiling, the Senate on Thursday passed a $290 billion increase to the amount of debt the Treasury is allowed to have.
The 60-39 vote follows House approval earlier this month of the same measure. President Obama is expected to sign the bill soon.
The new law raises the debt ceiling to $12.394 trillion from $12.104 trillion.
As of Tuesday, the amount of debt subject to the limit on Treasury's books was $12.04 trillion, just $64 billion below the limit.
The increase is estimated to cover Treasury's borrowing needs through mid-February.
If the Senate hadn't raised the debt ceiling before Dec. 31, the Treasury would likely have had to employ extraordinary measures to keep the debt below the ceiling to stave off default.
Default would unleash a chain of events that could devalue U.S. bonds and seriously harm the nation's reputation with creditors around the world. In short, it's not something lawmakers can afford to let happen.
Treasury has taken extraordinary measures in the past - sometimes for months at a time - whenever Congress let the vote on the debt limit go down to the wire.
But a congressional leadership aide and a Treasury spokesman both told CNNMoney that the agency wouldn't have the resources to keep the store open for nearly as long given the magnitude of the government's record borrowing needs.
"The tools haven't grown as the deficit has grown," the Treasury spokesman said.
How much has the deficit grown? Economist Diane Rogers offers some perspective.
"It tells us a lot about how dramatically the near-term budget outlook has changed, when $300 billion buys you only two months' time," Rogers wrote recently in her blog EconomistMom.com. By comparison, she noted, "the average annual budget deficit over the past 7 years has been $304 billion."
The Democratic leadership would have preferred to pass a large increase to the debt ceiling to carry Treasury through all of next year rather than having to have another vote on the issue before the mid-term elections in November. Indeed, House leaders were originally considering an increase of approximately $1.8 trillion.
But they settled on a much shorter-term increase because of pressure brought by a group of fiscal hawks in both the House and the Senate. They have threatened to vote against any long-term debt ceiling increase unless they get commitments to increase fiscal responsibility from the leadership.
House and Senate leaders couldn't ignore the fiscal hawks, since they need every vote they could get.
"It's all on the shoulders of leadership. They're responsible for making sure we don't default," said Charles Konigsberg, chief budget counsel of the Concord Coalition, a deficit watchdog group.
For the fiscal hawks, a shorter-term increase buys them time to negotiate further with the leadership to address their demands, which differ somewhat in the House and the Senate.
Fiscally conservative Democrats in the House, known as the Blue Dogs, have said they would vote against a big increase in the ceiling unless the legislation re-enacts so-called pay-go rules, which require lawmakers to find ways in the budget to pay for new spending proposals or tax cuts.
But the pay-go proposal would exempt about $3 trillion worth of policies that are likely to be extended, including the Bush tax cuts for the majority of Americans.
That's why the House version of pay-go may be a no-go in the Senate. Senate Budget Chairman Kent Conrad, D-N.D., has said he supports pay-go but not if it exempts pricey policies.
Meanwhile, 13 Senate Democrats say they won't vote for a large debt ceiling increase unless the leadership commits to a "credible process" for reining in the country's debt.
The senators' proposal, similar to one in the House, is to create a bipartisan fiscal commission charged with making recommendations to Congress for reining in runaway spending growth that threatens to overwhelm the federal budget. Lawmakers would be required to vote up or down on the recommendations but would not be allowed to amend or filibuster them.
Documents obtained by CNN show that top advisers to the president have been privately weighing various versions of a commission, though it would be created by a presidential executive order and thus could not mandate that Congress vote up or down on its recommendations.
Reining in the nation's debt has come to the fore this year, because the economic crisis accelerated the timetable that lawmakers have to deal with long-term fiscal problems, and as lawmakers of both parties consider expensive proposals going forward.
- CNN's Ed Henry contributed to this report.
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Uber CEO Travis Kalanick's parents were involved in a boating accident on Friday that left his mother dead. More
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Betsy DeVos oversees a $1.3 trillion student debt program that touches 42 million Americans. Many borrowers complain about the servicing they receive. More


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Contentious financial paper not on Thursday's Parliament agenda
Financial Paper No.1/2014 which has triggered torrents of accusations from the opposition that Finance Minister Dr Ashni Singh has illegally spent $4.5B is not up for consideration at Thursday's sitting of Parliament.
While it appears on the Order Paper for Thursday, the financial paper carries the indication that it will not be proceeded with at the sitting.
Financial papers are usually proceeded with immediately and on some occasions the relevant standing order has been suspended for them to be immediately addressed. This particular paper has fuelled outrage among the opposition groups in Parliament as they say Singh has illegally spent money not voted for by Parliament and for programmes which he is fully aware that the opposition majority in the House is against.
Singh has denied that the spending is illegal and has cited article 218 of the constitution and previous instances when the opposition-led House voted for similar expenditure as grounds for his move.
The financial paper has sparked talk among the opposition groups of action ranging from legal proceedings to a motion of no-confidence which can bring the government down.
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When Georgia's Special Council on Tax Reform and Fairness released its recommendations on Jan. 7, headline writers trumpeted the council's proposal to eliminate the sales tax exemption for groceries. That proposal is but one part of a far-reaching reform that would enhance the state's economic competitiveness and streamline Georgians' taxes.
Despite difficult budget times, our Georgia lawmakers are almost certain to allocate $32 million to deepen the Savannah River and allow the Port at Savannah to be able to accommodate larger ships when the Panama Canal completes its expansion in 2014.
Judging by the past three decades, there's no worse fate than getting touted as the next global superpower.
On Jan. 7, the Special Council on Tax Reform and Fairness submitted its much-anticipated report to the lieutenant governor and speaker of the house.
It would seem state officials' educational cuts are steering Georgia's university system into a rather perilous conundrum.
The past week you would have thought we were living in two different states. North of the Gnat Line, it seemed like Siberia. Even possums and yard dogs were hugging each other trying to stay warm. South of the line, folks assumed that God was punishing North Georgia for having taken most of the political power in the last election.
Editor, Stop the presses - hold the headlines! I see Chinese President Hu Jintao and an entourage of 100 Chinese business men are visiting the United States and will announce many new U.S. business ventures.
Editor, A few days ago, Alabama Gov. Robert Bentley made an accurate remark for which he will be criticized. In his Jan. 11 address he said, "Those who have not accepted Jesus as their savior are not my brothers and sisters ..."
I'll go ahead and admit to what everyone else is already thinking: We're missing the extra deployment money. It's not that we blew all of the additional pay and didn't save anything. We saved, but we were definitely living a little more comfortably, too. Now, with all of that saved money off limits, hundreds less per paycheck, and the increased expense of feeding a full grown man, we just don't have quite as much fun money as we once did.
When we were young, most everything was good. We made it out of high school and many of us went on to college, trade school, the military, the work force or maybe even hitchhiked across the country. Some of us married our sweethearts and settled down to buy homes and raise families. Others moved far away and some chose to stay nearby or in our hometowns, close to family.
It is more of a blessing to give than to receive. We all probably were told this when we were kids. The interesting thing is that our parents and Sunday school teachers were right! A host of scientific studies conducted have shown that altruism actually does wonders for your health and soul. A now-famous Harvard University study conducted in the 1980s proved that people who simply watched an altruistic act - in the study's case, a short film of Mother Teresa tending to orphans in Calcutta - got a boost in their immune systems. We think the benefits of volunteering are ...
If you are a veteran or the widow(er) of a veteran, you may be entitled to collect $1,000 to $2,000 tax-free per month that you earned through service to our country. Many Liberty County residents, like most veterans nationwide, are still unaware of the aid and attendance benefit available through the Department of Veterans Affairs. Designed to help pay for health-care, this benefit can be a lifesaver if you are facing the challenge of paying spiraling costs while maintaining your quality of life.
Editor's note: State Sen. Buddy Carter, R- Pooler, will periodically provide written updates during the legislative session, which began Jan. 10 and is expected to last until the latter days of March.
Almost instantaneously the horrific shooting in Tucson, Ariz., became the occasion for partisan hatred.
Those who worry that they are closed-minded because they can't conceive of agreeing with anything Donald Trump says or does can stop beating up ...
Editor: Sure is good to see someone else joining this fight for the students, teachers, and staff of Liberty County Educators.
Recycling is important, but there are two other pieces of stewardship that are equally significant. The wise reuse of resources and household items, and simple ...
Donald Trump's saber rattling may or may not deter Kim Jong Un, but it's had an effect south of the border.
There are few people, places or things for which I have more passion than the University of Georgia and the Henry W. Grady College of ...
We have seen this all before, many times.
I was going to write an article on vultures. However I have another, pardon the pun, bone to pick.
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French and Italian delicacies
May 20€79
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Enjoy an extravagant four-course meal with exclusively selected culinary delicacies from local producers in the the Champagne region (France) and Lombardy (Italy) on May 20 from 7:30p.m. Real champagne and the Italian equivalent, Franciacorta, will not be missing either, of course. Admission costs €79. For more information go to www.wiesbaden.de


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The play has made a major impact around the world since it was first staged in New York in 1997, and made its debut in Taiwan last month.
Sun, Apr 24, 2005 - Page 4 News List
`Vagina' forum makes headway
RAISING AWARENESS The successful debut of Eve Ensler's hit play `Vagina Monologues' has inspired a public discussion on issues of female sexuality
By Mo Yan-chih / STAFF REPORTER
This story has been viewed 7020 times.
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1Foreign cram-school teachers to face tighter rules
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text: Firefly has been the sponsor of the annual Toronto Brain Bee since 2011. This year the competition took place Friday, March 31st, at the University of Toronto. With over 100 students from across the GTA competing it was an exciting afternoon. After 3 rounds of competition the top 3 competitors were: Prerana Keerth (1st), Yashan Chelliahpillai (2nd) and Syed M. Raza (3rd).


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Dombrowski had 16 catches for 133 yards, breaking the previous record of 15 by Jeff Evans against Southern Illinois in 1978. Dombrowski had eight catches for 63 yards in the first half and eight catches for 70 yards in the second half.
He now has 70 catches for 692 yards this season, breaking the NMSU single season record for catches. The previous record was 68 by Duane Gregory in 1996.
Neither team scored in the first quarter, but San Jose State scored on a Yonus Davis 6-yard run on the second play of the second quarter to take a 7-0 lead.
With just over six minutes left in the half, the Aggies got a break when Spartan punter Waylon Prather shanked a punt that went only 12 yards to give NMSU first and 10 from the San Jose State 18-yard line. On third down, the Aggies completed a two-yard pass to Justine Buries, but a scuffle broke out after the play and three Aggie offensive linemen, Alex Gottlieb, Kyle Smith, and Nick Cole were ejected from the game. NMSU had already lost backup offensive lineman Ray Zielinski earlier in the game due to an injury.
After the 15-yard penalty against the Aggies, they failed to convert on fourth and 25 from the Spartan 33-yard line and failed to score.
San Jose State kicked a field goal with 2:18 left in the half to make it 10- 0, but the Aggies responded by driving 67 yards in 12 plays with Conor Foley booting a 25-yard field goal to make it 10-3 at the half. The key play of the drive was a 48-yard pass from Gill to A.J. Harris on third and 23 from the Aggie 12 yard line.
San Jose State took control of the game on the second play from scrimmage in the second half with Davis ran down the sideline 84 yards for a touchdown to give the Spartans a 17-3 lead. Davis finished the game with 150 yards on 16 carries.
San Jose State added another field goal with 1:13 left in the third quarter to make it 20-3.
Vincent replaced Gill at quarterback on the first Aggie drive of the fourth quarter and drove the team 74 yards, but threw four consecutive incompletions from the Spartan 13-yard line.
On the next Aggie drive, George Trestin intercepted a Vincent pass along the sideline and ran it in for a score from 30 yards out to make it 27-3. Vincent came right back and drove the Aggies 65 yards in six plays with Nick Cleaver catching a one-yard pass for a touchdown one play after making the key play of the drive, a 46 yard reception.
Harris finished with 94 yards on six catches while Justine Buries led the Aggie rushing attack with 20 yards on nine carries. Gill completed 25 of 41 passes for 203 yards while Vincent completed 15 of 23 passes for 163 yards.
San Jose State quarterback Adam Tafralis completed 20 of 34 passes for 222 yards.
New Mexico State will host Utah State next Saturday in the season finale at 2:00 p.m.


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Continue reading "Available May.16.2017 – Vanguard by Jack Campbell"
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Available May.9.2017 – Assassin's Fate by Robin Hobb
Available May.2.2017 – The Dark Prophecy by Rick Riordan
Hype Train #4 – Oathbringer Cover, Dragon Prophecy #2 Date, Ann Leckie,
Book news, cover reveals, release dates, rumors, and liberal amounts of hype.
Just a reminder, everything posted here is subject to change. This merely represents the most recent information at the time of posting. For the latest information check out our New Release Calendar.
Continue reading "Hype Train #4 – Oathbringer Cover, Dragon Prophecy #2 Date, Ann Leckie,"


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Olive de Nice
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|This article does not cite any sources. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (July 2010) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
The Olive de Nice is a PDO olive from the Alpes-Maritimes area of France.
The rules state that they must be of the Cailletier variety, and harvest must not exceed 6 tons per hectare.


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Abundant Life Christian Center
11101 County Road 64 Daphne, Alabama 36526(251) 621-1933 Website
Print | Save | Directions
AboutAbundant Life Christian Center is located at the address 11101 County Road 64 in Daphne, Alabama 36526. They can be contacted via phone at (251) 621-1933 for pricing, hours and directions.
For more information go to www.alccdaphne.org
Abundant Life Christian Center provides Pastoral Counseling, Concerts, Christian Counseling to it's customers. For maps and directions to Abundant Life Christian Center view the map to the right. For reviews of Abundant Life Christian Center see below.
Business Features
- 24-Hour Prayer Line , Healing , Ceremonies , Pastoral Counseling , Confession , Christian Counseling , Concerts , Marriage Counseling
Phone: (251) 621-1933
Website: www.alccdaphne.org
Main Contact First Name: Joseph
Main Contact Last Name: Drake
Main Contact Title: Religious Leader
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3 day trip to cleveland. we are staying at the embassy suites downtown. naturally we are going to see the main sites, but we are interested in eating great food at places that we don't get a chance to sample at home. i saw empress taytu-the ethiopian restaurant that looked intriguing and san souci. we also love thai, indian and any other ethnic fare. also plan to go to little italy on saturday and to university circle, so a recommendation for a good, fun and casual restaurant in that area would be appreciated.
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- Ranveer-Deepika's Ramleela: Trailer
- India's Heartthrob Barun Sobti's Rocking Musical Avatar Is A Treat For Sore Eyes. Watch This Video To Know More
- 'Lambiyaan Si Judaiyaan' From Raabta Should Definitely Be On Your Heartbreak Playlist
- This Adorable Mother's Day Video Is The Best Tribute You Can Give To Your Other Mom
- Globe Trotter Deepika Padukone Has The Perfect Solution For All Your Travel Woes
- If You Ask A Kid What Should A Smartphone Be Able To Do, What You Hear Is Quite Eye Opening
- Deepika Has Set The Temperature Soaring With Her Sultry Avatar In The Title Track Of 'Raabta'!
- Here's A Deleted Scene From Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani Going Viral Which Is Totally Melting Our Hearts
- Indiatimes: #Jannhit Mein Jaari, The Office Part 3 - Farting in Lift
- 'Children Of Terror' Season 02: Part 3 - Havildar RK Rana
- Indiatimes #JannhitMeinJaari - The Office Part 1
Ranveer-Deepika's Ramleela: Trailer
Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Ramleela, starring Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone, is one of the most awaited films of the year.


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Discussion in 'Incubating & Hatching Eggs' started by SunHwaKwon, May 12, 2016.


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Tremendous Discounts
Call for a quote 610-258-6246
Free Delivery to PA, NJ, and NY
Swivel Chair
Aico Amini Innovations
Product Description Grp1/Opt1
Width 32"32INH
Depth 35 1/2"35 1/2INH
Height 40"40INH
Weight 115 lb115 lb
Volume 29.35 cu ft
Motion Type Swivel
Finish Bourbon
Brand Aico Amini Innovations
Category Living Room
Collection Cloche
Description Cloche Swivel Chair
Type Arm Chairs, Accent Chairs, Chairs
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Never settle
Explore related topics
I can name every shitty friend and man I've ever dealt with. Short list, most in the last 4 years.
Never settle for less More
Never settle for anyone who isn't absolutely, insanely, and foolishly happy to be with you. - Whether it's a friend or more, they should want to be in your life.
Okay is not the reason you risk absolutely everything you've got for the smallest chance that something amazing could happen.
I wish I hadn't settled with someone I didn't love for so long but, as you say, "It is what it is." We have each other now and I'm never letting go.
never settle
Never Settle Quotes. QuotesGram
Self worth, self esteem, confidence and inner strength. Never settle for less.
You will find your equal...not another half. But a whole. Together, you will do incredible things. Know what you want and never settle for anything less
I've lived by this for sometime now. But I do think I've found someone who appreciates and loves every part of me


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This luxurious full needle knit is available in two core colour styles of black and navy. A 50% wool and 50% Acrylic composition means this garment will keep you warm in the cooler months when layered over our shirt and blouse range.
Product code: LLSTRTCRDN
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Order online by 6pm and Simon Jersey will ensure your goods arrive the next working day for just our standard postage fee. And remember that delivery is free on all orders over £100 (this excludes services such as personalisation and VAT).


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This was our first experience with Cumberland Falls State Resort and we stayed at the Dupont Lodge. We enjoyed two nice days of hiking and biking around the trails and witnessed both the rainbow and moon bow on a November weekday. Excellent hiking awaits and Eagle Falls and Moonbow trails allowed excellent views of the river with sunny rocks for picnics. For mountain biking we travelled north about 20 miles to the Sheltowee Trail around Laurel Lake for a 10 mile ride.
The Lodge itself is historic but old. The rooms are plain, dark, and small with only a small table in the corner for reading. The room heats with window units which can be loud. The bathrooms are large and clean. Very nice staff including our waitress. Dining at the lodge is really the only option and it is standard state park fare.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Travelocity, Expedia, Orbitz and Hotels.com so you can book your Cumberland Falls State Resort - Dupont Lodge reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Cumberland Falls State Resort - Dupont Hotel Corbin
- Dupont Lodge Cumberland Falls
- Cumberland Falls State Hotel Dupont


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Dreamgirls in Concert: The First Complete Recording (2-CD)
by Various Artists
Rare & Hard-To-Find Audio CDs (series)
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Currently Out of Stock: We'll get more as soon as possible
Format: CD (2 Discs)
sku: ZHUS 79656
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CD Details
- Number of Discs: 2
- Released: February 26, 2002
- Originally Released: 2002
- Label: Nonesuch
Entertainment Reviews:
Entertainment Weekly - 3/1/02, p.81"...brilliant blend of Motown-style grooves, snappy harmonies, and showstopping ballads..." - Rating: B
Tracks on Disc 1:
- 1.Dreamgirls, musical: I'm Looking For Something, Baby
- 2.Dreamgirls, musical: Goin' Downtown
- 3.Dreamgirls, musical: Takin' The Long Way Home
- 4.Dreamgirls, musical: Move (You're Steppin' On My Heart)
- 5.Dreamgirls, musical: Scene: Fifty Bucks Says The Dreamettes Don't Win
- 6.Dreamgirls, musical: Fake Your Way To The Top
- 7.Dreamgirls, musical: Scene: It Ain't Working, Marty
- 8.Dreamgirls, musical: Cadillac Car
- 9.Dreamgirls, musical: Cadillac Car (On The Road)
- 10.Dreamgirls, musical: Cadillac Car (Recording Studio)
- 11.Dreamgirls, musical: Scene: I Don't Believe They Can Do That
- 12.Dreamgirls, musical: Steppin' To The Bad Side
- 13.Dreamgirls, musical: Scene: I'm Working On A Long Shot
- 14.Dreamgirls, musical: Party, Party
- 15.Dreamgirls, musical: I Want You, Baby
- 16.Dreamgirls, musical: Scene: I'm A Woman Now
- 17.Dreamgirls, musical: Family
- 18.Dreamgirls, musical: Scene: What Are You Doing To That Girl?
- 19.Dreamgirls, musical: Dreamgirls
- 20.Dreamgirls, musical: Press Conference
- 21.Dreamgirls, musical: Heavy
- 22.Dreamgirls, musical: Walkin' Down The Strip; Scene: Las Vegas
- 23.Dreamgirls, musical: It's All Over
- 24.Dreamgirls, musical: And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going
Tracks on Disc 2:
- 1.Dreamgirls, musical: Opening Act II: Dreams Medley
- 2.Dreamgirls, musical: Scene: Effie White Is The Best Singer You're Gonna Find
- 3.Dreamgirls, musical: I Am Changing
- 4.Dreamgirls, musical: Vogue Sequence
- 5.Dreamgirls, musical: When I First Saw You
- 6.Dreamgirls, musical: Ain't No Party
- 7.Dreamgirls, musical: I Meant You No Harm
- 8.Dreamgirls, musical: The Rap
- 9.Dreamgirls, musical: I Miss You, Old Friend
- 10.Dreamgirls, musical: One Night Only
- 11.Dreamgirls, musical: One Night Only (Disco Version) - (Disco Version)
- 12.Dreamgirls, musical: I'm Somebody
- 13.Dreamgirls, musical: Hard To Say Good-Bye
- 14.Dreamgirls, musical: Dreamgirls (Reprise) - (Reprise)
Product Description:
Music written by Henry Krieger. Lyrics by Tom Eyen.
Principal cast includes: Heather Headley (Lorrell Robinson); Audra McDonald (Deena Jones); Lillias White (Effie Melody White); Darius De Haas (C.C. White); Norm Lewis (Curtis Taylor, Jr.); Billy Porter (Jimmy Early); Tamara Tunie (Michelle Morris); James Stovall (Marty).
Recorded live at The Ford Center For The Performing Arts and
The Hit Fctory Studios, New York, New York between September and November 2001. Includes liner notes by Tommy Krasker and Frank Rich.
Personnel: Karen Karlsrud, Karl Kawahara, Rick Dolan, Jorge Avila, Blair Lawhead, Ashley Horne, Suzanne Ornstein, Paul Woodiel, Belinda Whitney (violin); Eileen Folson , Clay Ruede (cello); Jay Brandford (flute, bass clarinet, baritone saxophone); Richard Heckman (flute, oboe, English horn, tenor saxophone).
Audio Mixer: Joel Moss .
Liner Note Author: Frank Rich.
Recording information: The Ford Center For The Performing Arts, New York, NY (11/24/2001); The Hit Factory, New York, NY (11/24/2001).
Directors: Brenda Braxton; Michael Bennett .
This 20th anniversary performance of the 1981 musical was recorded less than two weeks after September 11, 2001, in N.Y.C., no less. So forgive the stars (Heather Headley, Audra McDonald, and Lillias White) if they're not quite as lively or as joyful as they should be. But in the telling of a Supremes-like girl group who has their ups and downs -- captured here for the first time in their complete form on disc -- the game one-time cast has a ball with the material. And the showstopper "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" still thrills after all these years. ~ Michael Gallucci
Amadeus (2 LP)
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Education, Higher Education, Health, Self-Help, Science & Medicine, Social SciencesFollow
|Higher Education
Learn how theories in psychology affect you in everyday life. Upbeat and interesting podcasts from experienced psychology teacher Michael Britt give you a bit more insight into you and your life.
July 22nd, 2015
Episode 257 of 304 episodes
If you have been in therapy you want to believe it "worked". We all do. And hopefully it did have a positive effect on you. But how do you know? How do therapists know if what they're doing really... Show notes and more available at http://www.thepsychfiles.com
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In a time where we're all threatened by a rhetoric of hate from the people in power; A Gay And A NonGay challenges many of our differences head on and promises that no matter who you are, or what you're into (Bruce Springsteen or Britney), love is love and gay and nongays can be friends. Contact us on Twitter @gaynongay


text:
Season 2, Episode 19 Executioner's Mask
First Aired: April 30, 2001
Syd's model friend (Christina Kumlin) is left scarred by an antique mask that may bear the curse of a French Revolutionary executioner. Simone: Alex Reid. Bernard: Tony Vanaria. Max: Timothy Bateson. Julian: Malcolm Sinclair.
Guest Cast
Alex Reid Simone
Timothy Bateson Max
Malcolm Sinclair Julian
Christina Kumlin Naomi
Tony Vanara Bernard
Cast & Details See all »
- Premiered: September 25, 1999
- Rating: None
- Premise: History professor Sydney Fox searches for lost treasures in this action series set against exotic locales. Along with her assistant Nigel Bailey, Sydney took on assignments that sent them to such venues as Paris, Cairo, New Guinea and the Czech Republic. (more)
Trending TonightSee all »
NBA Tip-Off8:00 pm | TNTI'll Watch806 Watching
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Relic Hunter: The Complete Third Season
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552 Quarles v Nightingale
The Court of Chivalry 1634-1640
552 Quarles v Nightingale 552 QUARLES V NIGHTINGALE James Quarles ... September 1640 Abstract The cause and result of Quarles' complaint ... Signed by James Quarles...View result
North Greehow Hundred: Quarles
An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 9
North Greehow Hundred Quarles QUARLES. In the book of Domesday, ... of Henry the Third's reign, the tenants of Robert, son of Ralph Quarles, held ... and Petronilla had rent here, granted to her...View result
Cecil Papers: October 1607
Calendar of the Cecil Papers in Hatfield House: Volume 24, Addenda, 1605-1668
Quarles is a suitor to the King for his protection, he being heavily in debt ... is also a surety for Quarles in the sum of 7000. Hitherto Quarles ... in petitioner's hands should be assigned by...View result
Surnames beginning 'Q'
The Cromwell Association Online Directory of Parliamentarian Army Officers
Q Surnames beginning 'Q' Quarles, James James Quarles In summer 1642 he became – perhaps in succession to Henry Billingsley – lieutenant-colonel of Holles's short-lived regiment of foot in the earl of Essex's Army...View result
Addenda, Queen Elizabeth - Volume 33: January 1597
Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Elizabeth, Addenda 1580-1625
Addenda, Queen Elizabeth - Volume 33 January 1597 January 1597 Jan. 76. Warrant to pay to Roger Langford, paymaster of the navy, 14,851 l, 10 s. for the service of the navy; 30,390 l. 6 s. 4 d. to James QuarlesView result
Hearth Tax: City of London 1666, All Hallows Honey Lane
London Hearth Tax: City of London and Middlesex, 1666
Nathaniell Moxey 5 s 3 s Empty William Quarles 7 s 5 s Empty 4 s Empty DoctorView result
Surnames Beginning 'Q'
London Inhabitants Outside the Walls, 1695
Surnames Beginning 'Q' Surnames Beginning 'Q' QUADRAN: Jane, 99.27 QUARIDE?: Abraham, assessor, 103.293 QUARLES: Daniel; Rebecca, w; Thomas, s; Rebecca, d; Daniell, s, 107A.37 Daphia, 107D.97 QUARRYER: John; Anne, w,View result
House of Lords Journal Volume 4: 6 March 1641
Journal of the House of Lords: Volume 4, 1629-42
the Lords Committees on Monday. Quarles, a Merchant, to speak with the E. of Strafford. Ordered, That John Quarles, Merchant, hath Leave, for One Time,View result
Surnames beginning 'Q'
London Inhabitants Within the Walls 1695
Surnames beginning 'Q' Surnames beginning 'Q' Quaite Hen, 7.32 Quantock: Francis; Mary, w, 48.8 Hen; Anne, w; Jos, s; Anne, d, 43.10 Quare: Dan, watchmaker; Mary, w, 71.3 Rob; Mary, w; Dan, s, 49.24 Quarles Chas,View result
House of Commons Journal Volume 7: 1 January 1657
Journal of the House of Commons: Volume 7, 1651-1660
Quarles, Mr. Thomas, Mr. Crofts, Captain Scotten, Mr. Wall, Colonel Bingham,View result


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I.P. Address: 220.127.116.11
Posted by mwesige samuel on December 30, 2008 at 06:28:32:
In Reply to: Re: New. Looking for new friends posted by shirley on December 04, 2008 at 07:47:18:
: : Hi im casi my interests are people, laughing an being silly.How ever if needs must I can be serious. Looking for new people to chat to. Any body Anywhere. If ya fancy a chat hit me back.
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Paulick Report
Pan Am Conference: Challenges And Advantages Of Globalizing Racing
Paulick Report
One of the day's first sessions was a trainer panel focusing on the benefits and challenges of shipping Group/Grade 1 type horses out of their home countries to race. The panel included trainers Ken McPeek, Ignacio Correas, Criquette Head-Maarek, and ...
Barr Poised to Reintroduce Federal Integrity Bill
- 'Horses' show at Arts Initiative is in memory of Albert Lea 8-year-old – Albert Lea Tribune
- Justice for Abused Ravenwood Horses – News of the Horse
- Cardiotoxins in Horses – TheHorse.com
- Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis – Victoria Advocate
- Wild horses in Nevada could be sold for slaughter in Trump plan – Las Vegas Review-Journal
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- I have a 6 year old gelding with a very high wither. We have tried several different saddle pads and... - Donna, 3/30
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