text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 1, 2011
|Filing date
|Jun 2, 2005
|Priority date
|Aug 27, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Martin Russell Harris
|Original Assignee
|Optiscan Pty Ltd
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (1), Classifications (16), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/382,457, filed Aug. 25, 1999 now abandoned.
The present invention relates to compact confocal endoscopes and microscopes (including endomicroscopes), of particular but by no means exclusive application in the internal examination of the human body.
Existing confocal endoscopes employ beam splitting apparatus comprising partially mirrored surfaces or compound prisms. Such apparatus are both relatively bulky and designed to function efficiently only when the two exit beams diverge at a relatively high angle (which is often approximately 90�). Conventional beam splitters are generally 45� cubes or pellicles or are near orthogonal to the optic axis (as in the F900e) to eliminate polarization state noise.
These configurations, however, render a beam splitting head bulky, as suitable photoreceptors or light conduits must be located almost perpendicular to the light source and/or incident light beam. The resulting beam splitter may not, therefore, be deployed in particularly narrow apertures or other sites with restricted access, and nor may it be located on an endoscope head. To do so would increase the space required around the endoscope head, limiting the range of locations in which the endoscope could be deployed. Further, this would increase the mass of such an endoscope head, rendering it unwieldy for some applications. Additionally, beam splitters of this type—with such highly divergent outgoing beams—cannot be readily used where the photo emitter (be it a laser, optical fiber or otherwise) is to be moved in order to scan the sample. Clearly the light receiving means (which may be a pinhole, optical fiber or some form of photo-detector) must be moved in such applications in synchrony with the photo emitter. However, accurately maintaining such registration where existing beam splitters are employed is impractical, owing to the separation of source and exit beams (and hence or emitter and receiving means).
It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a confocal endoscope beam splitting method and apparatus that at least partially overcomes one or more of the above disadvantages of existing devices.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a confocal endoscope or microscope including:
The beam splitter may be provided by any suitable means, including single or compound prism(s) and/or lens(es). It should be noted that the light returning from the sample may include both fluorescent and reflected light; some beam splitters are envisaged (as will be detailed below) that will provide suitable deviation of the fluorescent light, while others are envisaged that will provide suitable deviation of the reflected light, or of both fluorescent and reflected light. It should also be noted that the light received by the light receiving means will generally be only a portion of the total returning light from the sample. Further, references to an "endoscope or microscope" should be understood to include reference to an endomicroscope.
In one embodiment the light source comprises a mirror located in the path of the returning light for directing light towards the sample, wherein the mirror has a smaller solid angle than the returning light to only partially occlude reception of the returning light by the light receiving means. Thus, in this embodiment the beam splitter is also provided by the mirror, which allows some of the returning to continue to the light receiving means. Preferably the mirror and the light source are provided on a single piece of silicon and the mirror comprises an etched mirror surface of the silicon.
Preferably the endoscope or microscope includes an optical head and said light source is located in or on said head.
Preferably said endoscope or microscope includes heating means for maintaining said head at a temperature substantially equal to that of said sample.
This temperature will, for human samples in vivo, human body temperature. This is desirable for patient comfort as well as for the stability of operation of the head components.
Preferably said light source and said light receiving means are on a single mounting means.
Preferably said beam splitter is mounted on said mounting means.
Preferably said mounting means is moveable for scanning said light source.
Thus, in one embodiment the light source, light receiving means and beam splitter are all mounted on the mounting, which is moveable for scanning the light source over the sample.
Preferably said mounting means includes a reed, and more preferably said mounting means is an electromagnetically vibrated reed.
Preferably said light source and said light receiving means are adjacent or touching.
Preferably said light source is an optical fiber tip.
Alternatively said light source is a laser, and more preferably a blue light laser.
Preferably said beam splitter includes a plurality of prisms and/or lenses.
Preferably said plurality of prisms and/or lenses provide minimal net deviation or translation, so that said coherent light or light reflected from said sample emerges from said plurality of prisms and/or lenses substantially parallel to and optically coaxial with its path immediately before impinging said plurality of prisms and/or lenses.
Thus, the plurality of prisms and/or lenses acts as a "direct vision" spectroscope.
Preferably said plurality of prisms and/or lenses is arranged to focus confocal return stokes fluorescence to form a line, said line forming a spectrum in which shorter wavelength fluorescence is located towards a first end of said line closer to said light source, while longer wavelength fluorescence is located towards a second end further from said light source.
Preferably said endoscope or microscope further includes means to allow light on either side of a spectral line in said returning light to be included with light from said spectral line when said returning light impinges on said light receiving means.
Preferably said means is controlled by a mechanism which occludes light which is more distant in wavelength than a desired amount from said spectral line, to allow control of depth of field isolation.
Preferably the endoscope or microscope includes optical elements to divert chosen wavelength portions of said spectral line (and optionally light close in wavelength to said spectral line) to one or more photodetectors to give different spectral channels for imaging.
Preferably the endoscope or microscope includes at least one optical waveguide channel to convey said returning light to said photodetectors.
Preferably the endoscope or microscope includes a laser and an optical waveguide to convey light from said laser to said light source.
Preferably the endoscope or microscope includes a first optic waveguide to convey light to said specimen and at least one second optic waveguide channel to convey said returning light to said photodetectors, and said beam splitter is disposed in said head between said first and second optic waveguides.
Alternatively the endoscope or microscope includes a return fiber and said beam splitter is located between a light exit area of said return fiber and said photodetectors, to provide spectral separation after said returning light exits said fiber.
Preferably the endoscope or microscope includes an aperture slit moveable in front of said photodetectors simultaneously with said scanning to compensate for changes in beam splitter deviation.
Preferably said lenses include at least one apochromatic lens.
Preferably said prisms and/or lenses include an SF 11 or SF 59 prism.
Such a combination is reasonably achromatic and non-deviating for the 515 nm-650 nm range, and which has substantial dispersion for the blue.
According to the present invention there is also provided a method for performing confocal endoscopy or microscopy including:
Preferably said method includes receiving or detecting said returning light at a point close to a source of said incident or excitatory beam.
Preferably said deviating or displacing of said light returning from said sample is effected by means of a beam splitter.
The present invention also provides a confocal endoscope or microscope including:
Preferably the polarization rotating means is based on optical rotary dispersion and includes a chiral medium to optically rotate said coherent light and said returning light.
Alternatively the polarization rotation means includes a Faraday effect material, said material having simultaneously magnetic lines of force in the same direction as the propagation direction of said light, whereby the E vector of said coherent light is rotated as it passes through said material.
Alternatively the polarization rotation means includes phase plates or retardation elements, of a material whose structure is anisotropic at a molecular or crystalline level.
Alternatively the polarization rotation means includes liquid crystals.
Preferably said liquid crystals are optically active and/or birefringent.
Preferably said liquid crystals are cholesteric liquid crystals.
In one preferred embodiment said optical rotation is provided by intrinsic polarization properties of the sample or of any intermediate optical medium.
Thus, as many biological materials exhibit birefringent properties and or produce optical rotation, it is possible to use this property in the present invention.
The invention also provides a method for maintaining registration in a confocal endoscope or microscope including a light source and a light receiving means, including:
Preferably said beam splitter includes a plurality of prisms and/or lenses.
Preferably the method includes moving said beam splitter with said light source and said light receiving means.
Preferably said plurality of prisms and/or lenses provide minimal net deviation.
Preferably said moving of said mounting means comprises vibrating said mounting means.
Preferably said mounting means is a reed.
Preferably said mounting means is an electromagnetically vibrated reed.
The present invention also provides a method for performing confocal endoscopy or microscopy including:
Preferably the method includes directing the incident light towards the sample by means of a mirror located in the path of the returning light, wherein the mirror has a smaller solid angle than the returning light to only partially occlude reception of the returning light. Preferably the mirror and the source of the incident light are provided on a single piece of silicon and the mirror comprises an etched mirror surface of the silicon.
In order that the present invention may be more clearly ascertained, preferred embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
A confocal endoscope according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated schematically at 10 in
A laser beam is generated by the laser diode 12, which is mounted on the scanning mechanism 14. The divergent laser beam passes through the astigmatism corrector 16 to lens 18 which roughly collimates the beam. The collimated beam 34 then passes through the SWF 20.
The polarization axis of the beam is aligned to the SWF 20 so that there is no separation of orthogonal polarization vectors of the laser beam, and the beam then passes through a pair of Kerr cells 22 and 24 to lens 26, which focuses the beam to a Gaussian waist 30 within a specimen 28.
Return light, either fluorescence or reflection from the entire interaction volume (a diabolo shaped volume) within the specimen, returns through lens 26. However only light from the Gaussian waist 30 will exclusively retrace the full set of incoming ray paths through the optical system back to the SWF 20.
For imaging in reflection, a current is passed through coil 32 surrounding Kerr cell 22 so that the combined effect on Kerr Cell 22 and Kerr Cell 24 is to rotate the E vector of the polarized return light by 90� degrees relative to the outgoing light. Hence, when the return beam traverses SWF 20 it is diverged from the outgoing beam path 34 and instead it travels along beam path 36.
This returning beam is converged by lens 18 to a focus 38 which causes it to enter the core at the tip of an optic fiber 40.
The return light is carried in the core of fiber 40 to the opposite end 42, from which it is emitted and passes to photomultiplier tube (PMT) 44. The electrical output of PMT 44 in conjunction with the XY positional information from the scanning mechanism 14 is used to build up a 2D data set forming the image.
In fluorescence imaging mode the current in coil 32 is adjusted along path 36.
The materials of Kerr Cell 22 and Kerr Cell 24 are different and may be chosen so that the 2 difference in optical rotation for the two together rotates the anticipated range of fluorescent wavelengths by about the same angle on traversal whereas the rotation of the reflected excitation light is rotated by a substantially different amount.
Alternatively it may be chosen so that the rotation angle is wavelength independent. In these latter cases separation between fluorescent wavelengths (and reflection) is achieved by means of lens 46 and prism 48, and separate channels of acquisition are obtained from separate photodetectors 44 and 50.
Return light will retrace the incoming light back to prism 60, but will be refracted through a different angle owing to its different wavelength; hence prism 60 will act as a beam splitter, and the return light 64 will emerge from first lens 54 separated from incoming beam 56.
The head 52 of
An optical configuration of an endoscope head according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in schematic form in
Prism combination 68 utilizes the same principle as an achromatic doublet except that the angles are reversed to give minimum deviation but maximum dispersion.
An optical configuration according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in schematic form in
The embodiments of
There is a way of getting around this using a prism based system in the head. The common optical glasses including the Flint glass Crown glass pair SF11 and BK7 referred to earlier are made from glass types which fall on Abbe's 'normal' glass line. On this line the partial dispersions of the glasses match in a way which allows doublet lenses to be constructed which are achromatic for the visible region 400-700 nm (a likely requirement of lenses for human use). Any pair of glasses from this line can be combined in a concave convex doublet (suitably matched) to produce an achromatic lens combination.
There are glass types available which do not follow the Abbe's 'normal' glass line, that is their partial dispersions do not match and they are said to have deviating partial dispersions (see Schott Tables). These glasses are formulated to correct the slight secondary spectrum (green-orange) which remains in achromatic doublets because the partial dispersions even of the normal line glasses never exactly match for all wavelengths. In a lens design the addition of an appropriately figured third lens of such a glass type allows the spectral curves to match at three levels and thus greatly reduces the secondary spectrum. Such lenses are known as 'apochromatic'. Apochromatic lenses have many more individual lens elements in them (up to 20 in some cases) to correct for other aberrations.
After an appraisal of the spectral deviation curves, one can choose such a glass to replace the BK7 crown prism, and combine this replacement with an SF 11 or SF 59 prism to produce a combination which is reasonably achromatic and non-deviating for the 515-650 nm range but which has substantial dispersion for the blue.
Such a prism pair will produce a good separation between the blue 488 nm excitation line and the fluorescence. The fluorescence spectrum is effectively bunched up although the graph is not entirely level but folds back (the angular deviation will actually only be exactly the same for matching pairs of wavelengths). However, this is a considerable improvement. A third glass type taken from another line on the Abbe deviation glass curve will produce even further flattening, and sets of three wavelengths will have exactly matching angular deviations.
A fourth prism of suitably chosen glass could be added to further correct the spectrum to four wavelengths as shown in
Such a combination of prisms could be made from standard Schott catalogue optical glasses. Fortunately it is much easier to find standard glass types which have appropriate RI deviation in the blue than the red, but the number of prisms required could be reduced and the design made more compact by the choice of special optical materials. Such materials could include fluorite (CaF2) or magnesium fluoride in combination with a second optical material that exhibits strong anomalous dispersion.
It is also possible to design an optical material for the second prism with a more strongly kinked anomalous deviation curve, which would minimize the number of prisms (possibly to just two) and their angle and hence the optical thickness. The specifications would be that the material is glassy or isotropic (cubic crystal structure), that it has an intrinsic absorbance or a dopant which absorbs in the indigo/violet part of the spectrum, shorter than 488 nm, so that the positive asymptotic limb of the anomalous dispersion curve lifts the deflection angle from the 488 nm but has the dispersion uniform and of much lower gradient for the 515-650 nm region.
The optical medium or dopant must not fluoresce or have too high an absorption at the excitation wavelength and should be free of absorption lines in the 515-650 nm fluorescence region. Suitable materials include certain organic dyes dissolved in transparent polymer or might potentially be formulated from a rare earth doped fluorozirconate ZBLAN glass.
This principle of successive corrections by a train of optical elements and the use of 'kinks' in the active parameter graphs (the relevant equivalent to anomalous dispersion in other optical properties) can be applied to a number of other novel beam splitter methods and apparatuses according to the present invention.
For example,
The explanation which follows is couched for an embodiment in which a liquid is used as the optically active medium although in practice this may require an excessive path length and a chiral crystal (such as quartz), cut with faces orthogonal to the C axis, may be preferred, as optically active (chiral) crystalline materials have a far greater rotating power than most liquids; quartz, for example, has a rotating power of 21.7� per mm whereas dextrose syrup has a rotating power of 1� per mm.
The operation of this method requires the light to be polarized in a fixed vector state as from a laser diode 123 and hence polarization maintaining fiber 125 is needed if the design is adapted to a two fiber system.
The polarized light 124 emitted from a laser diode 123 is collimated by lens 126 and passes through a prism pair in the form of SWF 128. The SWF 128 is oriented so that the eigen-vector of the light is parallel to the prism's fast (or slow) axis. This differs from Nomarski microscopy in which the polarization vector is oriented at 45□ to the fast and slow axes of prism and the beam is split 50:50. Thus, in this embodiment the light is not split into separate orthogonal polarization beams on its first traversal of the SWF 128.
The beam next passes into a tube or column 130 of dextrose syrup (d glucose), which rotates the plane of the polarization vector in a right handed spiral by a certain amount, preferably >π radians. The light beam exits the flat face 132 of the far side of the tube 130 and passes to an objective lens 134, which focuses the beam to a Gaussian waist 136 within the specimen (not shown).
Fluorescence generated at the Gaussian waist 136 is Stokes shifted but is in general predominantly of the same polarization vector state as the polarization vector of the excitation beam (as long as the relaxation time of the excited state of the fluorophore is not too long).
Some of this light and some of the excitation wavelength reflected from the region passes back through the objective lens 134 to the dextrose column 130. Reflection from most materials does not alter the polarization vector.
In traversing the column 130 in the reverse direction the polarization vector is again rotated in a right handed spiral, rotating backwards by exactly the same angle by which it was rotated forwards on its first pass. The fluorescent light is also rotated in a right handed spiral direction but, because of optical rotatory dispersion (that is, as the interaction strength between the spiral mechanical oscillators is wavelength dependent), it is rotated through a different angle to the reflected beam.
For the most efficient operation of the beam splitter 122, the difference between the optical rotatory dispersion angles of the reflected light and the fluorescence should be π/2.
After traversing the chiral medium in column 130, the light then passes back to the prism pair 128. In this embodiment, prism 128 a is made of a birefringent material such as calcite, cut and polished at a suitably oriented crystal angle. The reflected return light acts as the 'ordinary' ray and is refracted by the prism 128 a along exactly its initial path to its point of origin. The fluorescent return light—having its polarization vector at π/2 relative to the reflected ray—acts as the 'extraordinary' ray and is deflected by a different angle when it passes the prism 128 a. This prism 128 a also introduces a slight chromatic dispersion as well because the fluorescence consists of a range of wavelengths. This dispersion of the fluorescence is compensated for by the matching dispersion of the second prism 128 b (the next element traversed by the returning light). The light is then focused by the lens 126 and the confocal return enters the core of the return fiber 138 and is transmitted along the fiber to a photodetector (not shown).
Note: where referred to below, the SWF is employed in a similar fashion in the following apparatuses and the description here will cover these systems as well.
This principle can operate for Argon Krypton lasers with two or more laser excitation wavelengths simultaneously traversing the dextrose column. Each wavelength will be rotated on its first traversal and after reflection, its rotation exactly reverse spiraled on return to the original source. The fluorescence from each excitation wavelength will be rotated by a different angle on return and therefore a portion of the fluorescence from each excitation wavelength be deflected at the extraordinary angle at the birefringent prism so as to enter the second fiber.
As another improved embodiment it is possible to choose a second optically active medium in the opposite enantiomorphic form which had an optical rotating dispersion curve which matched dextrose for the green, yellow and orange wavelengths but which kinks markedly for the blue, and to combine this to produce an 'achromatisation' of the fluorescence but a separation of the excitation wavelength. For example, laevulose (the laevo enantiomorphic form of glucose) produces a left handed rotation of the plane of the polarization vector of light passing through it. This opposes the rotation of the dextrose and, where the optical rotating dispersion curve of laevulose had a different gradient compared to dextrose (analogous to the refraction dispersion curves of the flint glass prism of the previous design), it is suitable for this purpose. Laevulose does not have the required kink in the graph for blue, but other substances do.
Quartz is a uniaxial crystal type and this may result in problems for certain scanning embodiments. For example if the scanning is carried out by means of a rastered movement of the blue laser chip or of the fiber tip then the beam will, for much of the time, propagate through the quartz crystal plate at a slight angle to the C axis. This will introduce birefringence into the optical path and consequent eigenvector separation which will add extra complexity and reduce optical efficiency. There are optical materials (such as sodium chlorate crystals) which are optically active, but not birefringent which would avoid this difficulty. The rotary power of this material is 3.1� per mm (for the sodium yellow lines) which is rather low for some applications. Materials with much higher optical rotatory power are detailed below.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Faraday effect is used to provide the desired beamsplitting (that is, the rotation of the E vector of linearly polarized light as it passes through a material which simultaneously has magnetic lines of force in the same direction as the propagation direction of the light). The optical rotator of a beam splitter according to this embodiment is shown at 142 in
This difference is important because it means that the beam splitter can be tuned to obtain maximum rotational efficiency of the reflected beam, that is 45� E vector rotation from each traversal, thus minimizing the required thickness of the glass 144. Also, as the Verdet constant is wavelength dependent the system can be switched from fluorescence to reflection.
The variation in magnetic field strength required to carry out these functions can be achieved by varying the electrical current in a wire coil wound around the glass cylinder 144 or by sliding the magnetic cylinder 146 in an axial direction so that a greater or lesser magnetic field interaction length with the active glass medium 144 can be effected. The Verdet constant is generally greater for short wavelengths and as the dependence curve shapes vary for different materials it is possible using suitable combinations to arrange a maximum rotation for the blue excitation wavelength and a compressed range of rotation for the fluorescence. This will result in the most efficient use of light.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the beam splitter of the endoscope includes phase plates (or retardation elements): optical elements of a material with a physical structure that is anisotropic at a molecular or crystalline level. In classical optical terms, the spring stiffness of the mechanical oscillators in the two orthogonal polarization states is different because of the differing bond types or degree of strain within bonds in the two directions. This means that the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic vibration in the visible region differs for the two orthogonal polarization vector directions, the material is said to be birefringent, that is, having two Indices of Refraction. The two directions of the crystal plate are called the fast axis and the slow axis. (The two sets of electromagnetic propagation direction are sometimes called the ordinary and extraordinary)—o and e rays. (Note the E vector used previously stands for electric field vector).
Birefringent prisms are commonly made from uniaxial crystals (e.g. calcite) and their use to separate light beams of orthogonal polarization state has been described above.
A phase plate is effectively a 'parallel sided prism' of a birefringent material. If light impinges at right angles to the waveplate surface there is no deviation between the e and o ray, but waves with the E vector parallel to the slow axis are retarded relative to waves with the E vector parallel to the fast axis. A plane polarized wave entering the plate at an intermediate angle between the slow and the fast axes is resolved vectorially into two orthogonal polarization states which propagate at different velocities (and with different wavelengths, their frequency being constant). The two waves leave the waveplate with relative phase shift. The polarization state of the light when it leaves the wave plate is determined by the phase angle.
Anisotropy and phase shifting can also be induced and tuned in isotropic materials by straining the interatomic bonds either with a mechanically applied force, (stress induced birefringence) or by the application of a voltage between plates which produces and electrical field (the optical Kerr effect) and these principles could also be applied to a tuneable beam splitter for confocal use.
In another embodiment of the present invention, liquid crystal systems are employed to rotate light within the endoscope head optically. Liquid crystals can be optically active, birefringent, or both, so their principles of operation is covered in the two previous embodiments. The rotatory power of cholesteric liquid crystals is very large of the order of 40,000� per mm compared with ˜1� per mm for corn syrup and 21.7� per mm for quartz. The major advantage of using liquid crystal systems, therefore, is the compactness possible, and their being electrical controllable and tuneable. Liquid crystal display screens use nematic liquid crystals and these are commercially available made up as electrically controllable variable phase retarders. A supertwisted nematic liquid crystal 'valve' could be used as an electrically controllable tuning device for reflection confocal microscopy. It would also have enough rotation in the power off mode to give color separation for fluorescence imaging.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intrinsic polarization properties of the reflecting object (or of the intermediate optical medium) is used to obtain optical rotation between excitatory and return light, as many biological materials exhibit birefringent properties and/or produce optical rotation.
This configuration maintains the beam splitter 152 in a constant position in the optical path as the optical path is moved by scanning mechanism 14 and allows the head of confocal endoscope 150 to be particularly compact.
Return light from the specimen retraces the beam path but, as the return light comprises a broader distribution of wavelengths, only a portion of the return light will be incident on mirror 162. Some of the return light will pass beside mirror 162, to be detected by a photodiode 170 located adjacent to mirror 162.
Thus, in this embodiment the beam splitter is provided by the combination of adjacent photodiode 170 and mirror 162.
Further modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention may readily be effected by person skilled in the art. It is to be understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described by way of example hereinabove.
|Cited Patent
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|At&T Bell Laboratories
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 24, 2008
|May 13, 2010
|Bayer Innovation Gmbh
|Phase modulator system comprising a beam splitter and a linear polarisation mode phase modulator and method for separating a light beam travelling toward and reflected back from such a phase modulator
|U.S. Classification
|600/108, 359/205.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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OK-It's not one place you bring your chicken & your dog! We have 2 separate segments!
Angie Bailey and Nicky Westbrook join us to discuss their 6 show mockumentary titled, Fowl Play. Always funny, Angie and Nicky give us something to crow about in this egg-cellent adventure. Ok…think we are out of chicken references. Fluffing our feathers about it too. Going home to roost on this one. Yeah, that's what we're clucking about.
Plus! Elena Volnova and Domenico Ponti, co-founders of Dog Fashion Spa will be here to talk about grooming to the "nth" degree. They have the super spa line for keeping your pooch smelling and looking good.
Always fun and informative, this dynamic couple from the #1 rated web tv, blog, radio and podcast show for animal lovers, Pets Teach Us So Much, Robbin and Joseph Everett entertain millions of people from all over the world with segments about:
-Pet health and nutrition
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-Learning from our pets-how to have better relationships with the people in our lives with The Love Genies segment
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For more information about the global leader in pet related new media entertainment, Pets Teach Us So Much Radio, Podcast, Blog, web tv, Robbin and Joseph Everett, or to book an appearance, go to http://www.TPPC.tv.
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Ratings & Reviews
The views expressed below are the opinion of Holland & Barrett customers. Holland & Barrett does not endorse these views, nor should they be regarded as health claims or medical advice. Find out more
Dr Organic Pure Moroccan Argan Oil is rated out of 5 by 34.
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Date published: 2016-12-08
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Date published: 2016-05-20


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Tuesday 14 September 1965
It was Tuesday, under the sign of Virgo. The US president was Lyndon B. Johnson (Democratic). In that special week of September people in US were listening to Help! by The Beatles.
In UK (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction by The Rolling Stones was in the top 5 hits.
Les vampires, directed by Louis Feuillade, was one of the most viewed movies released in 1965
while Up The Down Staircase by Bel Kaufman was one of the best selling books.
But much more happened that day: find out below..
Or have a look at the whole 1965.
Old Newspapers
Have a look at the old newspapers from 14 September 1965 and get them!
Which were the most popular movies released in the last months ?
TV Series
Which were the most popular TV series released this week ?
Find out your future
Get a FREE Numerology report based on the digits of 14 September 1965!
Wish him/her..
Historical Events
Which were the important events of 14 September 1965 ?
- Eastern Orthodox Church - Exaltation of the Cross, which commemorates the discovery of the (allegedly) original Christian cross in 326 by Helena, mother of Constantine, as well as the recovery from the Persians by Heraclius in 628.
- Formerly, in the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches, the Wednesday, Friday and Saturday following 14 September were observed as one of the four sets of Ember days. In the Irish calendar they were known as Quarter tense.
- Roman Catholic Church - Triumph of the Cross (compare May 3, Finding of the Holy Cross).
- In ancient Greece, the first day of the Eleusinian Mysteries, during which the sacred objects were brought from Eleusis to Athens.
Famous Birthdays:
- Troy Neel: Baseball player.
- Michelle Stafford: American actress.
- Emily Bell: English journalist and academic.
- Dmitry Medvedev: Russian lawyer and politician 3rd President of Russia.
- Kevin O'Hare: English ballet dancer and director.
Famous Deaths:
- JW Hearne: English cricketer (Born 1891).
- F-Troop premieres
- 4th meeting of 2nd Vatican council opened
Music Charts
Which were the top hits in that special week of September 1965 ?
Top #10 songs in the USA
- The Beatles - Help!
- Barry McGuire - Eve Of Destruction
- Bob Dylan - Like A Rolling Stone
- We Five - You Were On My Mind
- Dave Clark Five - Catch Us If You Can
- Ramsey Lewis Trio - The In Crowd
- The McCoys - Hang On Sloopy
- The Turtles - It Ain't Me Babe
- Sonny & Cher - I Got You Babe
- The Yardbirds - Heart Full Of Soul
Search For Your Ancestors
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...and if 14 September 1965 was your Birth Date then Join our Birthday Club!
Make this date unforgettable
CD and DVD Birthday Cards
Magazine Covers
What news were making the headlines those days in September 1965?
- SportsIllustrated: Sports Illustrated: no.7939
- Life: Expectant mother
- Time: TIME Magazine Cover: Henry H. Fowler -- Sep. 10, 1965
Which were the most popular books released in the last weeks ?


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I dont have too many of these, but instead of a quick warm up yesterday I finished inking a commission. Snake Eyes is on my list of characters, so officially this counts. Though I will probably draw him again fighting someone else during GI JOE week, or the ever elusive Ninja week.
Lets take a minute and digest that....
I will be devoting a full week to Ninjas in the upcoming year. You'll have to keep your eyes peeled though, they have a tendency for sneekiness.
This commission was for Travis Ellisor, a guy who contacted me online a while back and has an ongoing theme of the Legion of Superheroes character "Karate Kid" VS.... other characters. He tries to find artists whom he likes how they do whatever character they may be known for. Snake Eyes in my case, and I was very flattered to become part of his elite collection.
Karate Kid Vs. Snake Eyes - 002
You can find his gallery of Karate Kid's here!
Also as a heads up. I will either post a new sketch of the day during the 12 am-3am time period as I finish up my work day, or in the afternoon when I start my work day. So it may seem scattered a bit, but that's my life. It also may seem that new posts come quickly, if for instance I also posted tonight after midnight for tomorrows sketch. Then again it might seem like they can be far apart if I posted tonight around midnight, but didn't post again until the afternoon on Sun.
One final addendum or notice on the rules. I generally avoid working on Sunday as a matter of principle, get time with my family and focus on church. If I do a Sunday drawing I will donate those sketches to various charity auctions. I have a few already lined up for the year. Typically I will try and do an extra one on Sat or during the week, to avoid even doing recreational work. Just fyi.
Thanks for all the support you yahoos!


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Today's Featured Artist: Michael Godard
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Andrew Foss Ship Assist is a painting by James Williamson which was uploaded on June 5th, 2011.
ANDREW FOSS assisting CSL CABO Seattle, Washington waterfront.... more
Buy the Original Painting
33.000 x 25.000 inches
This original painting is currently for sale. At the present time, originals are not offered for sale through the Fine Art America secure checkout system. Please contact the artist directly to inquire about purchasing this original.
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Andrew Foss Ship Assist
James Williamson
Painting - Watercolor
ANDREW FOSS assisting CSL CABO Seattle, Washington waterfront.
Original watercolor painting by artist James Williamson and now available as a fine art print and greeting card by Fine Art America.
Andrew Foss is a towing vessel owned and operated by FOSS Maritime Company in Seattle Washington. The hull material is steel and the ship builder is TACOMA BOATBUILDING COMPANY. Built in 1982 hull number 438, the vessel has a length of 106.7 ft; hull depth 14.2 ft; hull breadth 38.2 ft and a gross tonnage of 298; net tonnage 203; call sign: WRB5166. Andrew has 4,000 horsepower and is equipped with a specialized marine propulsion system. Voith Schneider propeller also known as a cycloidal drive, is highly maneuverable, being able to change direction of its thrust almost instantaneously. From a circular plate, rotating around a vertical axis, a circular array or vertical blades (in the shape of hydrofoils) protrude out of the bottom of the ship.
Andrew FOSS is illustrated assisting CSL CABO along the Duwamish Waterway at the South end of Elliott Bay in Seattle August 2007. The vessel was assisted by two tugboats, Andrew FOSS on the bow and Lindsey FOSS on the stern, along the very narrow and cramped waterway.
CSL CABO Since 1845 Canada Steamship Lines Inc. and its affiliated companies have been a part of the lifeblood of the Canadian economy. Today, Canada Steamship Lines and CSL International continue this proud tradition in North America and around the world.
CSL international (CSLI) specializes in the transportation and handling of dry-bulk cargo. The company serves clients in industries ranging from steel to agriculture with the largest fleet of self-unloading vessels in the world. These ships provide fast, efficient and environmentally responsible methods of delivering cargo. The CSL International fleet features some of the most modern self-unloaders in the world.
CSL CABO was built in 1971. Completely rebuilt and refitted by CSL, the vessel is one of the most modern in the self-unloading fleet. Andrew FOSS is assisting CSL CABO with a load of gypsum.
Original Watercolor, by James R. Williamson, created on 260lb Arches 100% cotton paper using Grumbachers Finest watercolor paint.
Pacific Coast Tugboat
ANDREW FOSS Assisting CSL CABO
Pacific Coast Tugboats
Artwork dedicated to the men of the Pacific Coast�s fleet of working boats, and to the gallant vessels, which will forever live in our memory.
Classic Pacific Coast Tugboats: Gallant workboats with a history of nostalgic drama and color in tugboat operation on Pacific waters. Tugboats are a colorful and essential part of the Pacific Coast seascape today, just as they were a century ago.
Pushing their way through fierce storms to find a stricken ship a thousand miles at sea or sailing down a fairway on a summer afternoon with seagulls crying and catching rides on the boom of logs astern, tugboats are a colorful and essential part of the Pacific Northwest Coast today.
The hiss of steam and the creak of walking beams have given way to diesel and tractor power. Tugboats are a story of brave men in powerful vessels who are not afraid to take on a mighty ocean. A history of hard hitting sea adventures of the great ships of sail and steam alike.
Tugboats on Puget Sound
Tug boating started on Puget Sound as a means of getting trees to the mills. The �timber barons� of the nineteenth century built their sawmills on tidewater, rigged with miles of virgin forests. Steam tugs towed the log rafts to the mills.
Sailing ships came to Puget Sound from all ports of the world; around the Horn from Europe and East Coast ports, across the Pacific from the Orient and the Antipodes, and up the West Coast from the booming towns of California.
Originally the tugs purpose was the towing of ocean sailing vessels to and from their intended docks. Today, engines power ships, yet they continue to require assistance of these powerful tugboats in and out of docks throughout Puget Sound.
June 5th, 2011
Viewed 1,058 Times - Last Visitor from New York, NY on 04/25/2017 at 10:17 PM
Sales Sheet
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Comments (2)
Beverly Hills, CA (United States)
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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
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|"Luc Maisonobe (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] [Commented] (MATH-485) Feature Request: Kalman Filter
|Tue, 14 Jun 2011 12:47:47 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MATH-485?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13049158#comment-13049158 ] Luc Maisonobe commented on MATH-485: ------------------------------------ This is strange. Eclipse does not reformat everything in a file except if you ask it to do so. I use Eclipse for [math] development and the only problem I have with formatting is indentation of throws declaration in methods signatures. Everything else works with the Apache-commons profile I set up and published in my Apache web page (I guess it's the one Thomas spoke about in his June 8th comment). Do you have some auto-reformatting feature activated or something similar ? > Feature Request: Kalman Filter > ------------------------------ > > Key: MATH-485 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MATH-485 > Project: Commons Math > Issue Type: Wish > Reporter: Benjamin McCann > Fix For: 3.0 > > Attachments: KalmanFilterExample.java, MATH-485-cleanup.patch, MATH-485-update1.patch, MATH-485.patch > > > I'd love it if Commons Math could add support for the Kalman filter. Here are a few implementations that might be able to be used for reference or included if they're using compatible licenses: > http://code.google.com/p/efficient-java-matrix-library/wiki/KalmanFilterExamples > http://mathstat.asu.edu/~eubank/ > http://www.fit.vutbr.cz/research/prod/index.php.en?id=53¬itle=1 > http://sourceforge.net/projects/jkalman/ > http://www.vni.com/products/imsl/jmsl/v30/api/com/imsl/stat/KalmanFilterEx1.html -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. For more information on JIRA, see: http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
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Stayed here whilst attending a wedding nearby so did not use the room much. Family room was nice and big and great for what we needed. Location ideal too just a 10 minute walk into the centre of Southport meant the street was nice and...More
Getting you more information on this room
Getting you more information on this room
"Room six looks out over the front of the hotel and car park & it top floor & very quiet."
"We normally stay in Room Number 1 its great near reception and the breakfast room and is very quiet"


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Event: Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra and director Sanjay Leela Bhansali interacted with the media during the conference of their film BAJIRAO MASTANI.
Guest List: Priyanka Chopra, Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Bollywood celebs Priyanka Chopra, Ashutosh Gowarikar, Kunika Lall, Usha Nadkarni, Jitendra Joshi, Sulabha Arya, Deepak Shirke, Priyanka Chopra's mother Madhu Chopra among others were snapped at the su...
Bollywood celebs Arjun Kapoor and -Shraddha Kapoor promoted their upcoming film HALF GIRLFRIEND at Nach Baliye Season 8.
Bollywood celebs Arjun Kapoor, Shraddha Kapoor and director Mohit Suri snapped promoting their upcoming film HALF GIRLFRIEND. Also spotted was dashing Malaika Arora Khan and Terence Lewis.
Bollywood actor Abhishek Bachchan was snapped at Green Heroes Film Festival.
Bollywood singer Sonu Nigam was spotted at Rajkumar Hirani's office.


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Sorry, but soccer registration is closed.
All teams are finalized and full. But please check back next year!
Registration closes end of July.
Depending on coaches and player interest, we do form some older teams in Spring to play in Hillsboro/Beaverton leagues.
Banks Youth Soccer Association is a volunteer-run, non-profit organization whose mission is to provide a quality, age-appropriate youth soccer program to promote, foster and perpetuate the game of soccer for the families for the families in and around Banks. We follow a player-centered approach that allows each child to develop athletic skills and pursue personal development through sportsmanship and teamwork in cooperation with parents, coaches and referees.
If you have
any issues with registration, please email email@example.com


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Featured property
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The After School Club, managed by Mrs. Huckerby, has been operating since October 2006 and is proving to be very popular.
Children are entertained in the school hall from 3pm and can stay until 6pm., during which they can have a light snack, play games and do their homework.
At peak times, places are limited, so please book as early as you can to avoid disappointment.
Should you be interested in further details or to book a place for your child, please contact the school office.


text: It would appear that the word 'Sorry' keeps cropping up on TV over the past year or so. So who gets the Wooden Spoon and who gets the Silver Spoon for their apology? Also which apology has been the most cringeworthy?. My most infamous apology of recent times has to be the Murdochs (father and son),wooden spoon (with woodworm) for both.


text:
Former BJP MP Umakant Yadav has been sentenced to seven years imprisonment by a local court here in a forgery case.
Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate Pratibha Saxena held Yadav guilty on Tuesday and imposed a penalty of Rs 5,000 on him.
In 2006, Yadav had got a land registered in his name in Daulatpur Pilkicha village in Shahganj tehsil through forgery by presenting a woman at the time of registration in place of the original owner.
The land owner Geeta Mishra later moved the court on whose order an FIR was lodged against the minister.
Yadav, who is currently lodged in Lucknow jail, was MP from Machlishahr in 2006.


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Are you serving or have you served in the British military and suffered a personal injury as a result of negligence that was not your own?
Serving in the British armed services can of course mean being placed in dangerous situations but being injured doesn't mean it comes with the job and in some circumstances you can claim compensation.
The legal team we have at Claims Action are vastly experienced with all manner of personal injury claims. Should you require further information, guidance, or want to start a military injury claim please get in touch today and let's get things moving.
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text: Seller: palmyraheritagemorriskhouligallery (18,472) 100%, Location: New York, New York, Ships to: Worldwide, Item: 291891597665 Ancient Roman twin handle Glass Bottle c.2nd cent AD. Size: 6 inches high.Ancient Blown Greenish glass bottle having twin handles. Beautiful iridescent surface patina. Intact. custom mounted. Provenance: Ex Brooklyn NYC Estate 1980's USA. Guaranteed Authenticity For further information please call 212 3191077 SKU DLL


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- Product Information
Product DescriptionOur St. Patrick's Day LED Pendant Necklace gives your guests a little luck of their own. Each St. Patrick's Day Necklace measures 1 ¼ inches in diameter and comes on a 24 inch long cord. This colorful "Happy St. Patrick's Day" design on the front of the pendant is surrounded by bright white LEDs that are controlled by a multi-function switch and can be set to one of three modes—fast blink, slow blink, and continuous on. Our St. Patrick's Day LED Pendant Necklace is sold by the piece and comes with batteries included and installed.
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- Just ordered these! Review by greenbeer!
Awesome! Can't wait to hand these out at my St. Pat's party!
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Make Your Own Menorah for Hanukkah This Year
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Funding Deadlines and Opportunities
Mitacs is now accepting applications for competitive international research opportunities, including student travel to and from Canada. The deadline to apply is March 31, at 5 p.m. PST.
Projects last 12–24 weeks and are open to graduate students. Select destinations are also open to senior undergraduates. Funding varies by destination.
Students in Canada can do research in:
- Brazil
- China
- France
- At French universities or Inria Research Centres
- India
- Korea
- Mexico
- Tunisia
Graduate students in Canada can also apply for the Globalink Partnership Award, which supports research projects abroad with industry partners in any country except the United States. Applicants are encouraged to apply by June 9, 2017, for travel in Fall 2017.
Graduate students can do research in Canada from:
- Inria Research Centres
Please distribute this information to your networks wherever possible, including to:
- Students at Canadian universities interested in conducting research abroad
- Faculty interested in hosting research students
- Faculty interested in creating or deepening international collaborations
- University administrators or staff at universities who can distribute this information to interested professors
To learn more, visit the Globalink web page or contact Mitacs International at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Funding Opportunity – Genome Canada 2017 Large-Scale Applied Research Project Competition
Genome Canada is pleased to advise the research community of an upcoming funding opportunity – the 2017 Large-Scale Applied Research Project Competition – Genomics and Precision Health. This Competition is anticipated to be formally launched in early 2017 with detailed guidelines and application forms available at that time.
This funding opportunity will be aimed at supporting projects that will demonstrate how genomics-based research can contribute to a more evidence-based approach to health and, thereby, improve health outcomes, and/or enhance the cost-effectiveness of the healthcare system.
In keeping with Genome Canada's mandate to invest in large-scale research, projects can range in budget from approximately $2 million to $10 million, over a term of up to four years. Genome Canada will provide a portion of funding for each project with the remainder to be obtained through co-funding from other sources. The exact co-funding ratio will be available at the time of launch.
Please note that an exciting new partnership for this program should soon be announced. Stay tuned!
For more information, contact your regional Genome Centre.
Funding Opportunity – ERA-Net E-Rare Joint Transnational Call 2017
The ERA-NET "E-Rare" for research programs on rare diseases has been extended to a third phase "E-Rare-3" (2014-2019) to further help in coordinating the research efforts of European, Associated and non-European countries in the field of rare diseases and implement the objectives of International Rare Disease Research Consortium (IRDiRC).
CIHR-IG along with FRQ-S, Muscular Dystrophy Canada and many other parties have decided to open the ninth E-Rare joint transnational call (JTC 2017) for funding multilateral research projects on rare diseases. The call is being opened simultaneously by the parties in their respective countries. In addition, Patient Organisations (PO) – like Muscular Dystrophy Canada – may also co-fund selected projects based on their mandate and research topic interest.
For more information please see: http://erare.eu/joint-call/9th-joint-call-european-research-projects-rare-diseases-jtc-2017
ResearchNet is the web based portal for the preparation and submission of most grants to CIHR. Check out the website frequently to view current and upcoming funding opportunities.
Of particular note, there are competitions for proposals in patient-oriented research, health services & economics, and population health intervention research. The latter opportunity is sponsored by: The CIHR Roadmap Accelerator Fund (RAF), under the scientific leadership of the Institute of Aboriginal Peoples' Health (IAPH), Institute of Population and Public Health (IPPH), Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis (IMHA), Institute of Gender and Health (IGH) in partnership with Public Health Agency of Canada and Health Canada's First Nations and Inuit Health Branch.
For students in Canada to do research abroad:
- Globalink Research Award – MHRD India
- Open to senior undergraduate and graduate students
- 12-week projects at one of seven Indian Institutes of Technology
- $5,000 award and a local grant equivalent to $5,000
- Globalink Research Award – Inria
- Open to graduate students
- 12- to 24-week projects at an Inria Research Centre in France
- $5,000 award and a monthly stipend
- Globalink Research Award – MHESR Tunisia
- Open to senior undergraduates and graduate students
- 12- to 24-week projects at accredited universities in Tunisia
- $7,000 award
For students in France to do research in Canada:
- Globalink Research Award – Inria
- Open to PhD students at Inria Research Centres in France
- 12- to 24-week research projects at Canadian universities
- $5,000 award, a PhD stipend, and airfare
To learn more, visit the Globalink web page or contact Mitacs International at email@example.com.
Power Point Presentation (October 2016)
- $55,000 annual award (plus $7,500 per year non-cash value in training)
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- Long-term collaborative research project with a non-academic partner
Get professional skills training (STEP)
Step provides career skills training to grad students and postdocs. Workshops take place on university campuses.
Globalink Research Internship (GRI) projects. All disciplines are eligible
- Top-ranked senior undergrads from Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia
- For additional application information, consult the 2017 Globalink Faculty Application Guide
Get research experience beyond your university
Mitacs Accelerate supports collaborations between university researchers and partner organizations for four months or longer. Apply any time.
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Mitacs Step offers free skills training to grad students and postdocs. Workshops are available online and on campus.
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With the Mitacs Globalink Partnership Award, graduate students in Canada can travel abroad for a research project with an international industry partner.
Mitacs Elevate is now accepting applications for two-year postdoctoral funding:
- $55,000 annual award (plus $7,500 per year non-cash value in training)
- Exclusive, customized professional development training
- Long-term collaborative research project with a non-academic partner
- Letter of intent and Conflict of Interest declaration: January 25, 2017, at 5 p.m. PST
- Letters of intent are not required to submit applications
- Pre-review of draft applications: February 8, 2017, at 5 p.m. PST
- Application: February 22, 2017, at 1 p.m. PST
- Results announced: June 2017
- Projects must start by September 5, 2017, after the proposal is approved AND Mitacs has received the partner funds, as per Mitacs Policy
For questions or more information, please contact us at email@example.com.
Fulbright Canada Programs
Inquiries: Michelle Emond, Program Officer (Students), firstname.lastname@example.com
Vancouver Foundation
NSERC Undergraduate Student Research Award Details can be found here
Research Office's Internal Deadline
The RO deadline is 2 weeks before the sponsor deadline for most applications and proposals. Two weeks provides RO with time to review the application package and return it to the researcher in the event that any changes are required before the submission.
Exceptions to the two week deadline are Canada Research Chairs (CRC), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), and RO-Administered Internal Grants. Applicants are encourages to work with RO at the earliest stage of application.
Other programs may have exceptions as well. These exceptions are communicated to researchers via group email list.
Other Internal Deadlines
Some units may have their own internal review deadlines. Applicants should check with their department, faculty to see if there are internal deadlines for review and signing of applications/proposals.
Agency Deadlines
These deadlines are obtained from agency websites but are subject to change. Prospective applicants are encouraged to review agency websites and correspondence for current deadline dates.
- University of Toronto Database: Provides information on awards, honours, and prizes which have an upcoming application deadline.
- CORDIS: Information about Research & Development sponsored by the European Union.
- Institute of Education Sciences
- Science Careers: From the Journal Science
Other Funding Agencies (Canadian)
- BC Innovation Council
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- Canadian Cancer Society
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- Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research (CANFAR)
- Canadian Funding Sources for Learning Technologies Developers
- Canadian Heritage
- Canadian Institute for Military and Veteran Health Research (CIMVHR)
- Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Technology (CANARIE)
- Canadian Patient Safety Institute
- Genome Canada
- Health Canada
- Industry Canada
- International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
- Manning Innovation Awards
- Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research
- MITACS Accelerate Canada
- Occupational Health and Safety Agency for Healthcare in BC (OHSAH)
- The Daniel Langois Foundation for Art, Science and Technology
- The Royal Society of Canada


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His organizational techniques have both enthralled and frustrated established Republican groups.
Jamie Smith, who attended East Union High School and graduated from Calla High in 2000, has been living in Texas for the last 11 years.
In the spring, the field on the north side of the Highway 120 Bypass at McKinley Avenue was a palette of purple colors amid forest green foliage. The color purple came from the giant thistle-like blossoms of thousands of artichokes that carpeted the fields which were once almond orchards belonging to retired Lathrop-Manteca farmer Frank Mendes.
Coming next week: The Manteca version of Carmageddon.
Manteca Fire has shifted its rescue squad to the South Union Road station at the 120 Bypass.
LATHROP – It's been two years since the Lathrop-Manteca Fire District has had an official fire inspector.
If you want to see something happen, give a hint – a broad hint. You never know what might happen.
The Ripon Garden Club will host its 14th annual Garden Tour on Saturday, Sept. 10, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
SACRAMENTO - Responding to the demand for more Old Sacramento Underground tour availability, tours are now available on Mondays through Labor Day.
FOLSOM - Tickets are now on sale for the Western Railway Museum's Sacramento Streetcar Excursion and tour on Saturday Aug. 27.
LATHROP - The City of Lathrop is conducting its Third Annual Backpack and School Supply Drive for Lathrop elementary schools.
RIPON – Jim DeBruyn came all the way from Michigan to spend time with his son at his Ripon home.
Karen McLaughlin is in line to become Manteca's next city manager.
Ross goes to church every Sunday. His seat is right next to the grand piano being played by Ruth Valencia.
Late spring rains and cooler growing temperatures have led to an overall drop in agricultural production in San Joaquin County for the second straight year.
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The threat of a levee breach in Lathrop appears to be subsiding as the level of the San Joaquin River continues to decline.
Manteca's can kicking may be catching up with it.
The San Joaquin River's tendency to test levees along with a state mandate for 200-year flood protection means existing homes and businesses - as well ...
Details of the fatal shooting of a motorist in a Ripon neighborhood were provided by Stanislaus County Sheriff Adam Christiansen - whose deputy fired the shots ...
Shortly after Donald Trump's order to ban thousands of documented, vetted immigrants and refugees from our shores, crowds rushed to airports all over the ...
Police chiefs - just like rank and file law enforcement officers - strive to serve and protect.
The spillway at Don Pedro Reservoir has closed.
Don't count on the Measure M public safety half cent sales tax receipts allowing Manteca to hire additional police or firefighters anytime soon.
Three separate law enforcement investigations are underway into the shooting death by Stanislaus County sheriff deputies of a 46-year-old Modesto restaurant owner at the end ...
If you live in a developed part of Lathrop, there's a very good chance that you have better protection than most when it comes ...
Page 15 of 15
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I have seen so many moms on here bash FF moms for FF. Whethere by choice or not shouldn't matter since it's not their child. But, for those moms, when you are done BF do you plan on giving cow's milk? Isn't that worse than formula? Just a question.
Asked by Anonymous at 5:33 PM on Apr. 9, 2009 in Babies (0-12 months)
OP, I actually get what you're saying. I have seen the BF nazis on here making everyone who FF's feel like dirt. A person can get their point across without insulting and humiliating others, but the BF nazis don't understand that. Now, I'm not talking about all moms that BF. Many are polite in the way they answer questions about formula on CM and don't try to put others down for their choices.
I would like to see how many BF nazis go to the store after weaning and pick up a gallon of regular whole milk (not brands like Horizon which are organic). The non-organic milk is over processed and contains a lot of hormones that kids don't need. It can cause a lot of problems such as early onset of puberty. It would be interesting to create a poll and see what the results are. Of course, the BF nazis would never admit to buying anything that's bad for their kids.
Answer by anime_mom619 at 8:25 PM on Apr. 9, 2009
Answer by BradenIsMySon at 5:35 PM on Apr. 9, 2009
Answer by Anonymous at 5:35 PM on Apr. 9, 2009
Answer by SThompson21 at 5:36 PM on Apr. 9, 2009
Answer by MythicMMM at 5:37 PM on Apr. 9, 2009
Answer by Kbmancine at 5:38 PM on Apr. 9, 2009
Answer by MythicMMM at 5:38 PM on Apr. 9, 2009
Answer by BradenIsMySon at 5:38 PM on Apr. 9, 2009
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Click on the relevant links below to download a PDF of the specifications you require.
For additional specifications, please contact us at 020 33 22 10 99 or email@example.com.
Signkick print specs 4 sheet (tube & train stations)
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Signkick production specs Screens in Malls, Post Offices and Golf Clubs
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In the historical village of the municipality of Oulx, elegantly remodeled, lie the Hotel Oberje Dla Viereantique 1800's building, then palazzo comunale and location of an important educational institution.
The hotel offers its clients the convenience of 16 rooms finely furnished with every comf...
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The Indigo Showrooms in Wiltshire are open Mon-Fri 9am - 5pm & Saturday 10am - 4pm ..... Tel: 01672 564722
These sideboards come from the Chinese capital - Peking (Beijing) & surrounding areas in North China. The simple design originated during the Ming dynasty. Our pieces are mostly 19th century & early 20th century They were usually made from elm, oak or catalpa and occasionally in camphorwood. The fittings are made from brass and are mostly circular in form, but occasionally rectangular. These cabinets were used for storage & also as altar cabinets for family ancestor worship.
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A bank lending money to a husband and wife on the security of a mortgage over their home was entitled, in satisfying itself that it had taken reasonable steps to ensure that the wife's signature had not been obtained by undue influence, to rely on a solicitor's assurance that he had properly advised the wife of the possible consequences of the transaction, even though the same solicitor was also acting for the husband and the bank itself. Knowledge of any deficiency in the advice given by the solicitor was not, therefore, to be imputed to the bank.
The Court of Appeal allowed an appeal by Barclays Bank plc, reversed the decision of Judge Foley on 4 October 1995, and restored that of District Judge Ing on 21 March 1995, refusing Jennifer Thomson's application to set aside an order giving the bank possession of her home, following non- payment of a loan secured on the property.
Ali Malek QC (Eversheds, Cardiff) for the bank; Miles Croally (Clement Jones & Co, Bangor) for Mrs Thomson.
Lord Justice Simon Brown said that in July 1990 Barclays obtained a legal charge over Mrs Thomson's family home to secure the borrowing on her and her husband's joint account. When the loan was not repaid, the bank sought possession of the home.
Mrs Thomson, relying on Barclays Bank v O'Brien [1994] 1 AC 180, claimed that the loan transaction had been to her manifest disadvantage and she had been subject to undue influence or misrepresentation by her husband. The critical question was whether the bank was fixed with constructive notice of this undue influence or misrepresentation.
The bank had instructed a firm of solicitors, Gwyn James & Co, to register the legal charge. It also asked them to explain the legal charge to Mrs Thomson "so that she is fully aware of what she is signing". Gwyn James & Co wrote back:
We have explained the full content of the legal charge to Mrs Thomson
and she is aware of what she has
signed and that the property is being used to secure borrowing on the joint bank account.
Mrs Thomson said that she and her husband had gone together to see Gwyn James, who also acted for her husband's business. At one point Mr James had asked Mr Thomson to leave the room, and in his absence warned her: "You know that by signing this you are allowing your house to act as security for your husband's business." He did not explain that the charge was in effect unlimited as to both amount and period. Had this been explained to her, she would not have entered into the charge.
Mrs Thomson argued that the bank had constructive notice of her husband's presumed or actual undue influence over her, since, in advising her as to the effect of the charge, Gwyn James & Co were acting as the bank's solicitors and agents, not hers. Knowledge of any deficiency in that advice was to be imputed to the bank so as to disentitle them from relying on the solicitors' assurance.
The bank acknowledged that in none of the other recent undue influence cases had the assurances relied on by the lenders been provided by their own solicitors, but contended there was no basis in logic or law why this should make any difference.
His Lordship concluded there was no reason why a bank, perhaps conscientiously instructing solicitors to give independent advice to a signatory who might otherwise go unadvised, should thereby be disabled from relying on the solicitors' certificate that such advice had been properly given.
There was nothing in this case to distinguish it from Massey v Midland Bank [1995] 1 All ER 929, Banco Exterior Internationale v Mann [1995] 1 All ER 936, Bank of Baroda v Rayarel [1995] 2 FLR 376, Midland Bank v Serter [1995] 1 FLR 1034 and Halifax Mortgage Services v Stepsky [1996] 2 WLR 230. The bank was equally entitled to rely on Gwyn James & Co's assurance here, as had been the lenders to rely on the various certificates and declarations given by solicitors in all those cases.
Paul Magrath, Barrister
- More about:
- Barclays
- Barclays Bank
- Law
- Loans And Lending Market


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It is a decade since England won every series in a home summer, and should they beat Pakistan at The Oval today - or at either Lord's or the Rose Bowl next week - 2010 will be the first time they have managed it in the Twenty20 era.
Graeme Swann nonetheless accepts a NatWest Series victory - to go with wins in Tests over Bangladesh and Pakistan, in Twenty20 over their current opposition and in one-day internationals over Australia - will forever be viewed in the context of the controversy which has so damaged cricket.
The team Pakistan have fielded in the limited-overs leg of their tour has been minus Salman Butt, Mohammad Aamer and Mohammad Asif - all suspended by the International Cricket Council following allegations of a plot to defraud illegal bookmakers.
"It is a bit frustrating, what has happened at the back end of the summer," said Swann.
"But there's absolutely nothing we can do about that, apart from soldiering on and trying to win this series."
Swann believes, however, cricket has hit back in the past week - when Pakistan have become much more competitive than they were in their two Twenty20 defeats in Cardiff.
"It's not been swept under the carpet. But in the first two one-dayers, the cricket seems to have become more of a focus," he said.
"If that can carry on here at The Oval and we can get a nice, boozy crowd in by six o'clock - doing the Mexican wave as normal - then I hope we can focus on the cricket again."
Swann hopes too, of course, England can rise to the challenge again.
"It's a game we need to win to wrap up the series," he said.
"It's been a long summer, and it would be nice if we could go out having won every series we've played.
"That was the aim at the start of it, and I think we've got ourselves in a very good position to do it."Reuse content


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Intel has announced a new deal with ASIC manufacturer eASIC. This new partnership comes in the wake of Chipzilla's failed attempt to buy FPGA manufacturer Altera — is Intel pivoting its datacenter strategy towards entirely different kinds of chips?
Both Intel and AMD are facing delays and possible part cancellations. AMD's ARM server plans are AWOL, while Intel's Itanium may be poised to fade into the night.
New details on AMD's Zen point to an absolute monster CPU core — but is the information too good to be true?
The new Boxx Apexx 5 packs four full workstation GPUs into a single chassis — a supercomputing level of performance in a single workstation.
You have to admit it makes sense: The country that spends the most time per capita whining about the weather — the United Kingdom — is investing in the world's fastest weather forecasting supercomputer. When it's complete, the Met Office's new supercomputer will clock in at 16 petaflops — one of the fastest supercomputers in the world, and more than twice as powerful as the next-fastest weather forecasting computer.
Intel's new server platform is a huge leap forward for the company's enterprise and workstation market — and possibly an early move to block ARM's access into the server market.
What is L2 cache? What is L3 cache? What is the major difference between the two? All your cache questions have been answered.
Intel has finally shared some details on how it's customizing chips for companies like Oracle. It turns out that these current parts go through extra validation steps and can adjust their core counts, frequencies on the fly.
Late yesterday, Intel quietly announced one of the biggest ever changes to its chip lineup: It will soon offer a new type of Xeon CPU with an integrated FPGA. This new Xeon+FPGA chip will fit in the standard E5 LGA2011 socket, but the integrated FPGA will allow each chip to be customized to specific workloads. This move is almost certainly intended to make Intel-x86 a better all-round platform for a wider variety of workloads, and to dissuade customers from switching to GPGPU accelerators from the likes of Nvidia.
IBM has taken the wraps off the first servers that are powered by its monstrously powerful Power8 CPUs. With more than 4 billion transistors, packed into a stupidly large 650-square-millimeter die built on IBM's new 22nm SOI process, the 12-core (96-thread) Power8 CPU is one of the largest and probably the most powerful CPU ever built. In a separate move, IBM is opening up the entire Power8 architecture and technical documentation through the OpenPower Foundation, allowing third parties to make Power-based chips (much like ARM's licensing model), and to allow for the creation of specialized coprocessors (GPUs, FPGAs, etc.) that link directly into the CPU's memory space using IBM's new CAPI interface. You will not be surprised to hear that Nvidia, Samsung, and Google — three huge players among hundreds more who are beholden to Intel's server monopoly — are core members of the OpenPower Foundation. The Power8 CPU and the OpenPower Foundation are the cornerstones of a very big, well-orchestrated plan to finally put an end to x86's reign, and place a fairer, more powerful architecture at the head of the server table.
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Tens of thousands of pounds of lottery cash has been promised to Manchester United to build a gym for staff at the football club and TV workers on Coronation Street.
The Premiership football club has been promised a total of £30,000 as part of a £1.2m regional campaign aimed at boosting fitness levels in people in north-west England.
A further £45,000 has been given to a leading Manchester legal firm to provide free gym membership to lawyers and support staff. Companies were invited to apply for grants from the group last March but the winners have only recently been announced.
Manchester United said they had received a £10,000 grant and will receive the remaining £20,000 over the next two years.
The law firm, Halliwells, plan to use its £45,000 grant to pay gym fees at LA Fitness for its 600 staff.
Sport England defended the grants, saying that the programme was aimed at people with limited incomes and the organisation should not discriminate against rich firms.
ITV Granada's new fitness centre will be open to all staff, including the Coronation Street cast's top-earning stars. The grant will be used to buy health assessment equipment and the centre is expected to be opened by the end of the month.
The medical centre manager, Corinne McParland, stressed the centre would be available to Granada's entire 1,000-strong workforce and not just TV stars.
A spokesman for Sport England said: "With people spending more and more time at work, research clearly shows us that the workplace is an important priority if we are going to succeed in the drive to get the nation more active.
"We cannot and should not discriminate against a firm based on whether it is perceived to be a wealthy organisation but should target those who will help make a real difference.''Reuse content


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Philip Morris Receives Architectural Award
Published: June 1, 1983
The first Architectural League award has been presented to Philip Morris Inc. for its ''enlightened corporate support of the arts and dedicated commitment to art and architecture in the public realm.'' The award, an eight-inch-high marble arch, was presented in a ceremony at the company's new world headquarters at 42d Street and Park Avenue.
The Architectural League, a nonprofit organization, will make the award annually to private or governmental groups whose contributions in architecture, design and art enhance the public domain.


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Welcome to 8tracks radio: free music streaming for any time, place, or mood. tagged with transformers, ultra magnus, and mtmte. You can also download one of our free apps to enjoy internet radio on your favorite device.
Published July 23, 2016 by deerynoise
Rage and Romance
Published July 23, 2016
Published September 26, 2016 by plokij909
Make You Better
Published September 26, 2016
Published August 01, 2016 by inknose
vary my days (a megatron/minimus mix)
Published August 01, 2016
Published April 25, 2016 by SoundwaveKun
PDA is against the law
Published April 25, 2016
Published June 06, 2016 by rusalki
dance with me
Published June 06, 2016
Published February 18, 2015 by moyaofthemist
this minibot party is up to code
Published February 18, 2015


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Zodiac Sign necklace
A subtle and delicate way to wear your zodiac sign: a small round silver disc pendant is engraved with a Zodiac star sign symbol (choose your symbol from the dropdown menu), which hangs from a fine sterling silver chain to create a meaningful & wearable necklace.
DIMENSIONS: Pendant: 10mm / Chain: 41cm (16") – 46cm (18") (adjustable length).
MATERIALS: Sterling silver.
Capricorn: December 22-January 19
Aquarius: January 20-February 18
Pisces: February 19-March 20
Aries: March 21-April 19
Taurus: April 20-May 20
Gemini: May 21-June 20
Cancer: June 21-July 22
Leo: July 23-August 22
Virgo: August 23-September 22
Libra: September 23-October 22
Scorpio: October 23-November 21
Sagittarius: November 22-December 21


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The biggest problem for most network marketers is the belief that they don't know enough people. Maybe you have said that too. When someone starts their network marketing business, an average person … [Read More...]
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Roof rats (Rattus rattus) have a long and storied history as pests and vectors of diseases like the bubonic plague. They are extremely agile creatures, according to the University of Nebraska Lincoln, as well as prolific breeders, producing three or more litters of five to eight pups, annually. Discouraging roof rats with noise, artificial snakes, birds and cats, or scent repellents will not work. If you want to keep roof rats out of your gutters, you'll have to attack the problem from several angles.
- Skill level:
- Moderately Easy
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Ladder
- Wire gutter screens and clips
- Pole-handled pruning shears
- Pruning saw
- Utility line baffles
- Bungee cords
Show MoreHide
- 1
Install wire gutter screens on all your gutters. Lean a ladder of appropriate length against the gutter. Climb it and lay the wire screens on top of the gutter. Secure them with the metal clips that come with your purchase.
- 2
Drill small holes in the perimeter of downspout openings with an electric drill. Cut circular pieces of leftover gutter screening to cover downspout openings and secure them with wire plant ties poked through the holes and the screen and twisted tight.
- 3
Prune back all vegetation and tree branches that overhang the roof or come within 8 feet of the house with pole-handled pruning shears and a pruning saw. Rats climb trees and they can jump long distances.
- 4
Install plastic utility line baffles on telephone, cable and power lines to keep rats from gaining access to your roof. Rats are excellent tightrope walkers and can also be seen creeping along the tops of fences at night.
- 5
Secure the tops of garbage cans with bungee cords to keep garbage from attracting rats, raccoons, and stray animals. Keep garbage in an enclosed space until the morning of pickup to further discourage rats.
Tips and warnings
- Avoid planting fruit trees close to your house. Rats climb trees and are attracted to spoiling fruit left on the ground.
- Avoid using poisoned baits and snap traps if at all possible. These measures are likely to kill birds and other animals as well.
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