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Telcordia Notes on Fixed Wireless
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Apr 2001
Technology - Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary defines it as a "technical method of achieving a practical purpose." A concise, clear
definition. But for many, achieving that practical purpose can be more than just a challenge. It can be frustrating, intimidating,
time-consuming, and bound to generate the question, "Where Do I Start?"
With the Notes on...series, Telcordia Technologies has devised a starting point for your search through the rapidly developing world
of telecommunications. Written by the authors of the successful Telcordia Notes on the Networks document
, this series
similarly contains technical material of interest to engineering and planning groups, as well as descriptions of the characteristics
and background of these subjects in layman's terms. The difference is that Telcordia Notes on...zeroes in on one technology in each
document and breaks it down into manageable terms. From the history, background, and basic elements through a discussion of what the
future may bring, our subject matter experts cover the important aspects in as few words as possible.
This release in the Notes on...series, Telcordia Notes on Fixed Wireless, takes you from the fundamentals of this complex high-speed
data communications technology to its future trends in a high-level review. This Special Report, from the company with a unique legacy
of expertise in this field [Telcordia (then Bellcore), developed Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS), a popular broadband fixed
wireless access technology], provides the latest information on recent and evolving activities in Broadband Fixed Wireless Access
(BFWA) technology.
The report brings the reader quickly up to speed in the areas of commercial BFWA deployment and networking, emphasizing the current
states of BFWA technologies, and spectrum regulations. It is based on the latest information available in the telecommunications
industry and standards organizations.
With Telcordia Notes on Fixed Wireless you will learn about:
Bandwidth-intensive Internet and data applications and how BFWA offers robust solutions for the last-mile access
Typical architecture and technology specifics for BFWA
Different types of BFWA systems; their capacity and coverage
Frequency spectrum licensing issues for BFWA
Markets served and services offered by BFWA
BFWA network planning considerations
Notes on deployment, issues, and the future outlook on this technology
BFWA service providers and equipment vendors.
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Bloating occurs when the abdomen fills with air or gas. This can make your abdomen appear larger and feel tight or hard to the touch. It can also cause feelings of discomfort and pain, which may be felt toward your back. The back acts as a support and... Read more
Bloating occurs when the abdomen fills with air or gas. This can make your abdomen appear larger and feel tight or hard to the touch. It can also cause feelings of discomfort and pain, which may be felt toward your back.
The back acts as a support and stabilizing system for your body. It's vulnerable to injury and strain, so it's not uncommon to feel back pain along with abdominal bloating. The pain can vary in severity and type, from sharp and stabbing to dull and aching.
The cause of your abdominal bloating and back pain may depend on which symptom came first. If back pain is your primary symptom, click here to read about the causes of back pain. If your primary symptom is abdominal pain, read on.
What causes abdominal bloating?
Abdominal bloating is commonly caused by gas and air in the gastrointestinal tract. When your body breaks down undigested food, gas builds up in the digestive tract (from the esophagus to the large intestine). You can also swallow air. It's possible to swallow more air than normal by:
- eating or drinking too quickly
- chewing gum
- smoking
- wearing loose dentures
Burping and flatulence are two ways swallowed air leaves the body. Delayed emptying of the stomach (slow gas transport) in addition to gas accumulation can also cause bloating and abdominal distension.
Visceral sensitivity can increase feelings of bloating and back pain
Visceral sensitivity is when someone has an altered perception and response to pain and stimuli. This may increase feelings of bloating and pain. Visceral sensitivity may also account for bowel movements and abdominal pain. Some conditions may not always cause bloating, but people with visceral sensitivity may feel bloating or pain at the slightest changes in their body.
These conditions include:
- irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- fibromyalgia syndrome
- celiac disease
- food allergies
- rheumatoid arthritis
If another condition is causing your bloating and back pain, you will often experience other symptoms such as pain in your joints, fatigue, or muscle aches.
Other possible causes
Abdominal bloating and back pain typically resolve with time. If your abdominal bloating and back pain persist, make an appointment with your doctor. You may need medical attention if your symptoms are caused by infection or other severe or chronic illness.
These conditions may include:
- ascites, fluid buildup in the abdomen
- cancer tumors, such as an ovarian carcinoma
- chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer
- liver disease
- gastrointestinal tract infection, obstruction, or perforation
Common conditions that cause bloating and back pain which are specific to women include:
- menstruation
- ruptured ovarian cysts
- pregnancy
- fibroids
- endometriosis
When to seek medical help
Seek immediate medical attention if:
- you are pregnant
- your abdominal bloating and back pain are more intense than before
- over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications or heat or ice packs do not provide relief
- bloating and pain impact daily functioning
You should also seek immediate attention if you have any of the following symptoms:
- blood in your stool
- chest pain
- difficulty breathing
- confusion
- loss of consciousness
- uncontrolled vomiting
- fever or chills
Make an appointment with your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms for more than 24 hours:
- stomach acid reflux
- blood in your urine
- headache
- heartburn
- itchy, blistery rash
- painful urination
- increased urinary frequency or urgency
- unexplained fatigue
How are abdominal bloating and back pain treated?
Treatments for abdominal bloating and back pain depend upon the cause of your symptoms. Your doctor may recommend basic blood tests or imaging to find the cause of your symptoms before recommending treatment.
Managing abdominal bloating and back pain
Most of the time abdominal bloating and back pain will resolve itself, but there are steps you can take at home to manage any discomfort.
To reduce bloating:
- Drink plenty of water or other clear fluids.
- Take over-the-counter (OTC) gas or acid-reducing medications, such as antacids, simethicone drops, or digestive enzymes.
- Drink fewer carbonated drinks and reduce use of straws.
- Avoid foods that cause gas, such as dried beans, whole grains, and lentils.
- If you have a food intolerance, avoid eating or drinking those foods.
Treatments for back pain:
- Applying ice packs and heat packs alternately for 10 minutes at a time may help to relieve back pain and discomfort. Resting your back and refraining from heavy lifting can also minimize painful symptoms.
- Massages work as a complementary treatment for back pain. They may also provide extra relief for bloating.
- Exercise and good posture can help reduce back pain and may be beneficial for bloating as well.
- OTC pain relievers such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen may provide relief from back pain. However, there are risks with the overuse of these pain medications. Ask a doctor about other ways to manage if you need to take them for a prolonged period.
In addition to avoiding foods known to cause abdominal bloating, there are other lifestyle changes that can prevent symptoms. These include:
- drinking plenty of water, which helps to reduce constipation
- eating a diet that contains high-fiber foods that promote regularity, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- eating several small meals each day instead of fewer, larger ones
- exercising regularly
While you cannot always prevent back pain, employing proper lifting techniques and avoiding long periods of sitting can help you find some relief. Scroll down to learn more about the conditions that can cause abdominal bloating and back pain.

subset: commoncrawl


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Jo-Ann closes in on end of turnaround
December 2, 2002,
Nearing completion of its turnaround strategy, Jo-Ann Stores Inc. is well-positioned for the fourth quarter in spite of the uncertain holiday climate as well as comparisons against record earnings in last year's fourth quarter and fewer selling days, executives said during the company's recent third quarter conference call.
"We've completed our transition from a turnaround story to a growth story," said Alan Rosskamm, chairman and ceo. "Over the past 12 months, we have surprised ourselves at the speed and strength of our recovery."
In addition, next year the company will expand its supercenter format with 15 to 20 new units opening in the second and third quarters. Superstores, which measure 35,000 square feet, or 25 percent smaller than the original format, have accounted for 25 percent of year-to-date total revenue. At the end of the third quarter, the company had 71 supercenters and 870 traditional stores.
Same-store sales gains for the traditional stores at the end of the third quarter were 6.2 percent, driven mostly by an average ticket increase, while the superstore format had same-store sales gains of 7.6 percent, with 70 percent of that attributed to an increase in customer traffic and the balance of that in a growing average ticket.
Year-to-date comp-store sales gains for the traditional stores was 8.9 percent, while for the superstores it was 9.5 percent. The company also said that fleece performed well during the third quarter, due to a vast selection and cooler weather, and that in the home decorating area, textiles sales have been strong all year.
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Welcome to Hesleyside Shepherds huts, luxury camping within the breathtaking grounds of historic Hesleyside, Northumberland National Parks only Stately home.
Step back in time to a simpler way of life. Our traditional shepherd's huts provide a quiet and cosy retreat from the rush and tumble of the modern world.
- Handcrafted from reclaimed oak. Cosy all year round as insulated with sheep's wool. Electric plugs, fridge and lighting.
- Feather and down duvets, Egyptian cotton sheets and king size luxury mattress.
- Wood-burning stove with oven and hotplate. Optional breakfast baskets and locally produced suppers.
- En-suite bathroom in each hut with eco-friendly loo, hand basin and hot power shower.
- Pots, pans, and cooking equipment. Dresser and mini Belfast sink with crockery and cutlery for four people.
- Campfire with tripod, trivet, cauldron, griddle and skillet. Supply of logs, kindling and fire lighters.
- Star gazing books and guides, binoculars and telescopes.Maps, adventure books, playing cards.
- A stones throw from the prestigious North Tyne, Hesleyside huts are the perfect fisherman's lodge.
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Photos: Do you recognize the happy idiots ripping off a marijuana grow house?
Big photos below.
Over the years, we've written plenty about morons who burglarize marijuana businesses, even though cash and product is tough to come by and first-rate security systems are required by law. Witness the 2012 break-in that netted a broken scale and $8 from the karma jar or the 2013 incident during which a guy shattered a dispensary window with a water jug and got away with nothing.
The twosome that ransacked the Chronic Therapy grow house on North Claude Court did a little better for themselves. But they were also caught on camera smiling hazily as they made off with an estimated $12,500 worth of plants. Get details and see more photos below.
According to Metro Denver Crime Stoppers, the incident took place at 12:59 a.m. on April 23.
Given that their target was a grow house, the suspects presumably understood that they wouldn't find finished marijuana on hand. As a result, they can be seen grabbing plants.
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Did they realize that such plants require a blend of expertise and tender loving care if they're to remain alive and flourishing? Or that cultivation calls for plenty of skill as well? Hard to say -- but their decision not to bother disguising themselves despite the presence of surveillance devices doesn't speak to their wisdom.
If you recognize either of these lugs, you're encouraged to phone Crime Stoppers at 720-913-STOP (7867). A reward of up to $2,000 is being offered in the case.
In the meantime, here's a full-size view of the post's first image.
Send your story tips to the author, Michael Roberts.
More from our Marijuana archive circa October 2013: "Marijuana burglar busts dispensary window with water jug, gets away with nothing."
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This year marks the 50th anniversary of the death of Edward Hopper, the quintessential American realist painter behind Nighthawks. To honor him, Orbitz animated some of his classic works, Nighthawks included. Scroll through the GIFs to bring Hopper's work to life, and learn to name-drop a few of his less famous paintings, too.
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An eight-year-old boy drowned while celebrating his birthday with friends and family at a beauty spot on Saturday. On the same day, a father died while trying to rescue his young daughter from a river.
Aaron Page, from Pontefract, was found dead after he was swept away in a river near Bolton Abbey in North Yorkshire at around 3pm.
Police and cave rescue services searched for the boy, along with firefighters and underwater search teams. His body was recovered more than three hours later.
Inspector Kevin Franks of North Yorkshire Police said Aaron was seen splashing about in the water but then began to struggle. "This was a happy family day out to celebrate a birthday at a local beauty spot ... and unfortunately this young boy has got into difficulty in an area of water."
The officer added: "Despite efforts from members of the public, and some quite sterling efforts from the emergency services and everyone else there, sadly we've been unable to bring him out alive."
Inspector Mike Woodhall, from Harrogate Police, said the tragedy highlighted the dangers of swimming in rivers. "No matter how safe a river seems, sometimes there are inherent dangers," he said.
In Wales, a father died while trying to rescue his daughter from the river near Plas Llwyngwern, Pantperthog, in Machynlleth, Powys. The man is understood to have run into difficulties while trying to help the child, who fell into water on Saturday afternoon, Dyfed Powys Police said.
The child was rescued from the river, but her father died. Officers have since begun an investigation into the circumstances of the death, which is not believed to be suspicious.Reuse content


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G. Timothy Leighton, JD, CFP®
Tim Leighton counsels Clients in Central Illinois and metropolitan Washington, DC as a lawyer and Certified Financial Planner™ practitioner on trusts, wills, probate, business, charitable and tax matters.
Trust Administration The rules governing service as fiduciary, such as trustee, can be complicated and even intimidating. LLG lawyers serve as counsel to fiduciaries and have also served in fiduciary capacities. Since the firm helps Clients set up trusts, the firm has insights on trust administration and operations as well. Typical Client objectives include privacy and efficiency. The firm helps implement these goals for the benefit of the initial planning generation as well as the beneficiaries of previous and successor generations.
Estate Administration The laws and rules governing disposition of assets and wrapping up of a decedent's affairs can be daunting. Our firm is experienced in helping Clients navigate these procedures, including probate, conservatorships, and fiduciary obligations. The process often involves drafting and filing petitions, preparing inventories of assets and liabilities, negotiating compromise agreements among beneficiaries, heirs and legatees, and retitling assets. When appropriate, LLG helps Clients identify and implement post-mortem planning opportunities to reduce tax and transfer costs. Specialized advice specific to fiduciaries is also available. Fiduciaries include executors, personal representatives and trustees.


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With the growing population and building of stuff....does the little we do affect the strength of Earths gravity ? .
You see, I'm losing weight and I need to know this to factor in the gravitational differences between May this year (2008)....when I started ....and a year from now !
the Earth's equatorial bulge (itself also caused by centrifugal force) causes objects at the equator to be farther from the planet's centre than objects at the poles. Because the force due to gravitational attraction between two bodies (the Earth and the object being weighed) varies inversely with the square of the distance between them, objects at the equator experience a weaker gravitational pull than objects at the poles.In combination, the equatorial bulge and the effects of centrifugal force mean that sea-level gravitational acceleration increases from about 9.780 m·s-2 at the equator to about 9.832 m·s-2 at the poles, so an object will weigh about 0.5% more at the poles than at the equator.


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City of Toronto Councillors are proposing to freeze their own salaries this year.
The salary for a Councillor is $96,805. That is very decent pay and much more than what a majority of Canadians earn.
Indeed, opting for a pay-freeze is a popular political move – it speaks to the economically pinched masses. It's a populist ,"we're all in the together" statement. Witness this comment by Councillor Case Ootes: "It would give a message to the public and taxpayers that we take the terrible economic climate seriously." A message that will resonate with many.
Councillor Kyle Rae, on the other hand, goes out on a limb and supports cost of living increases. He pointedly asserts: "For some of us, it's a job. City councillors do not get bonuses. This is cost-of-living. It's not a pay raise. I get tired about motions calling for leadership, and that somehow we are not worthy or deserving (of our salary)."
Let's depart from the populist sentiments for a moment and look at the policy ramifications of such a decision. Does freezing one's pay transmit a message to unions and city staff seeking pay increases that Toronto does not, as Councillor Michael Walker says, have a bottomless pit of money? Perhaps. But many of those fighting for pay increases do not earn $96,000. Nowhere near that amount. So Walker et al can "afford" a little belt tightening, but are we to demand that those earning half that amount or less should be silent and appreciate our "terrible economic climate"?
President Obama recently ordered pay freezes for White House staff earning in excess of $100,000 but he didn't freeze pay for those earning $45,000 or $50,000 or $28,000 (woe to be an intern!) because he knows that those are the people suffering the most in an economic downturn. Those are the people that not only rely on cost-of-living increases, but represent the vast majority of Americans who need to spend (prudently and within means, of course) to help lift the economy out of the recession.
As Councillor Rae says, what he and his colleagues do is a job. And it's a vital job. Local government affects every aspect of our lives and we need the best and brightest, as well as the civic-minded, to want to pursue a career in municipal government.
Toronto City Councillors are responsible for the sixth largest government in Canada. They earn more than Vancouver Councillors but less than Mississauga Councillors. We often hear the reasoning that CEOs are paid exorbitant salaries so that corporations get those with the most experience and drive. While there is no doubt that many CEOs are paid far more than they're worth (especially when they are pummeling a company into the ground and shredding stock value), can we not apply the same rationale to Councillors?
We've tasked them with an important job. Should we not offer them commensurate compensation?
I'm not professing to know if $96,000 is an adequate salary or not and I don't know if freezing councillor pay will save money or if it's merely a symbolic gesture. I also don't know if pay freezes have dissuaded quality people from seeking elected office or if, as alluded to by Councillor Rae, what effect such a move has on morale. But these and many other questions should be asked before making policy decisions.
Finally, if Councillors choose to vote a pay freeze for themselves, that's their prerogative, but they should not use it as a reason to halt pay increases for those city employees (a 4th class constable with the Toronto Police earns $50,000) who are also struggling.
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Federico Boscarino wins fourth-straight doubles match in Privateers loss
NEW ORLEANS – The University of New Orleans men's tennis hosted the University of Pennsylvania in the first-ever contest between the two programs on Thursday afternoon, with the visiting Quakers taking a 5-2 match.
Junior Federico Boscarino earned his fourth doubles victory in as many matches, this time pairing up with sophomore Nicolas Kramer to take a 7-5 decision at the second position. Boscarino is now 6-2 in doubles action, 4-0 when playing in the second slot.
"I was pleased with how we played today," head coach Burzis Kanga said. "I thought everyone came out and played well against a really good Penn team. I was pleased with how [Giacomo] Adoncecchi battled back in his singles match, he lost a competitive opening set in a match already decided but he battled back and won two tough sets against a good Penn player."
Penn (8-3) claimed the doubles point with a 6-1 victory over senior Luis Albuquerque and sophomore Jeffrey Hsu at the top flight and a forfeited victory on the third court. The Quakers also earned a forfeited victory at the sixth singles position, putting the Privateers (4-4) down 2-0 before the first serve in singles play.
In singles play, Hsu dropped a 6-2, 6-2 match at the top position to move Penn one game away from clinching the victory, but Albuquerque brought UNO back into the match with a 6-2, 6-4 victory on the fifth court. Boscarino took the opening set of his match at the second flight 6-1, but dropped the ensuing two 6-1, 6-4 to give Penn the overall victory.
The final two matches to finish, Kramer at the third position and junior Giacomo Adoncecchi on the fifth court, both went to a third set which was played in a pro-style. Kramer's match finished first, as the sophomore won his opener 7-6 before dropping the sequel 6-3. In the pro-style tiebreaker, Kramer lost 10-7.
In similar fashion, Adoncecchi's opener also went 7-6, with his Penn counterpart taking the first set. The junior battled back and forced a third frame with a 7-5 victory, ending the match on a positive note for the Privateers with a 12-10 triumph in the tiebreaker.
The Privateers wrap up the three-match homestand on Saturday, Mar. 11 against Florida A&M at 11 a.m.
University of Pennsylvania 5, New Orleans 2
Singles competition
1. Josh Pompan (PENN) def. Jeffrey Hsu (UNO) 6-2, 6-2
2. Matt Nardella (PENN) def. Federico Boscarino (UNO) 1-6, 6-1, 6-4
3. Nicholai Westergaard (PENN) def. Nicolas Kramer (UNO) 6-7, 6-3, 10-7
4. Luis Albuquerque (UNO) def. Max Cancilla (PENN) 6-2, 6-4
5. Giacomo Adoncecchi (UNO) def. Gabriel Rapoport (PENN) 6-7, 7-5, 12-10
6. Kaden Funk (PENN) def. No player (UNO), by forfeit
Doubles competition
1. Nicholai Westergaard/Matt Nardella (PENN) def. Jeffrey Hsu/Luis Albuquerque (UNO) 6-1
2. Nicolas Kramer/Federico Boscarino (UNO) def. Josh Pompan/Thomas Spratt (PENN) 7-5
3. Kaden Funk/Max Cancilla (PENN) def. No player/No player (UNO), by forfeit


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The Holy kiss There are a total of five references to greeting by kiss, all found in the "salute" section: Romans 16: 16; I Corinthians 16: 20; 2 Corinthians 13: 12; I Thessalonians 5: 26; and I Peter 5: 14.
The Holy Kiss 16: Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you. (Rom. 16.) 20: All the brethren greet you. Greet ye one another with an holy kiss. (I Cor. 16.) 12: Greet one another with an holy kiss. (2 Corinthians 13.) 26: Greet all the brethren with an holy kiss. (I Thes- salonians 5.) 14: Greet ye one another with a kiss of charity. Peace be with you all that are in Christ Jesus. Amen. (I Peter 5.)
The Holy Kiss Questions regarding the holy kiss: 1.Are Paul and Peter binding the kiss on all Christians, in all cultures, and for all ages? 2.If universally binding, how do we determine how to administer the kiss (neck, cheek, lips, etc., left to own preference)? 3.If universally binding, is the kiss generally practiced in gender segregation? 4.Is the holy kiss simply attempting to require salutation without binding a particular form and then regulating the then prevailing form? ("Holy," "kiss of love.")
The Holy Kiss "There was to be an absence of formality and hypocrisy, a freedom from prejudice arising from social distinctions, from discrimination against the poor, from partiality towards the well-to-do. In the churches masters and servants would thus salute one another without any attitude of condescension on the part of or disrespect on the other. The kiss took place between persons of the same sex" (Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, by W. E. Vine).
The Holy Kiss "Kissing. Guests in Holy Land homes expect to be kissed as they enter. When entertained by a Pharisee, Jesus commented on his reception by saying to him, 'Thou gaveth me no kiss' (Luke 7: 45). The difference between the Oriental and the Occidental way of greeting each other is made clear by one who lived in Palestine many years. 'Here men shake hands when they meet and greet, but in Palestine, instead of doing this, they place their right hand on their friend's left shoulder and kiss his right cheek, and then reversing the action, place their left hand on his right shoulder, and kiss his left cheek…'" (Manners and Customs of Bible Lands, pg. 74).
The Holy Kiss "Greeting, by means of a kiss, appears to have been a common practice in the early church, and to have been followed for some centuries after the beginning of the Christian area. The custom is mentioned by Justin Martyr, Tertullian…Augustine, and numerous other early writers….According to the historians of the early church, the abuses to which the practice would ordinarily lead were avoided by the separation of the sexes when the church assembled for worship, an arrangement inherited from the synagogue…" (A Commentary on the New Testament Epistles by Guy N. Woods, Vol. 7, pg. 136).
The Holy Kiss "Then let the men give the men, and the women give the women, the Lord's kiss. But let no one do it with deceit, as Judas betrayed the Lord with a kiss" (The Constitutions of the Holy Apostles, Book 2, 57, page 422, Vol. 7, The Ante-Nicene Fathers).
The Holy Kiss "…Upon the whole, the view I prefer to take of the case is this: The apostle, by his injunction, did not create the custom; for it was prevalent at the time. He meant merely to purify it. He hence says, 'Greet one another with a holy kiss.' Only therefore where the custom exists, is his injunction applicable. Where the custom does not exist, his injunction is not designed to create it. He hence does not bind it upon us. If we do kiss, it must be a holy kiss; but we are not compelled to kiss…" (A Commentary on Romans, by Moses E. Lard, pg. 460).
The Holy Kiss Questions for those who believe the kiss is universally binding on all Christians (males/males; males/females): 1. Are you not troubled by the apparent lack of strong, decisive teaching in a binding circumstance? 2. How about the absence of specificity, if binding? 3. Do you view those who do not thus kiss as cold…? 4. Are you prepared to make the kiss a requirement or test of fellowship? 5. Do you have any concern at how incongruous the act of male/male kissing would appear in the U.S. and the possible effects of male/female kissing?
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Vaastu in the literal sense means house. Vaastu is a science of complying together 5 elements- namely Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Sky to attain complete harmony. The fundamental principle of Vaastu i...Read More
The land of rich cultural heritage, India celebrates one or the other festival every month. All the Indians spiritually and religiously celebrate the jollification of each festival which is related to...Read More
India's love for gold is legendary! Indians own over 22,000 tons of gold – the highest in the world. To add, they are expected to buy another 900 to 1,000 tons this year, a bulk of which is during occ...Read More
Everybody in India celebrate Diwali but none of them celebrate Green Diwali. This time be ready to celebrate Diwali with a difference. Only because the festival comes once a year doesn't mean we shoul...Read More
Note down 10 important Vastu tips to invoke prosperity this Diwali. Create a positive environment: Diwali is an eagerly awaited festival. This festival is celebrated with great joy and enthusiasm. ...Read More
Festival of lights, Diwali is a festival that transforms darkness into light, ignorance into happiness, sorrow into bliss and bane into a boon. The much-awaited festival of lights is celebrated among ...Read More


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FLES Networking Session NNELL News Literacy Strategies Thematic Unit Networking & Sharing Presented by Virginia Staugaitis, NE Region, NNELL Shepaug Regional School District No. 12 Washington, CT
Agenda NNELL News Literacy Strategies Reading Fluency Oral Language Thematic Unit Networking and Sharing
NNELL N ational N etwork for E arly L anguage L earning Membership academic school year (starts in September) renewal notices – Spring cannot accept purchase orders – use check or credit card membership questions: firstname.lastname@example.com NNELL Journal: Learning Languages – published 2X a year visit NNELL at www.nnell.org
Literacy Strategies Reading K-W-L Charts Photos, calendar pictures, visuals with labels Create new patterns from familiar stories Activities that highlight the meanings, uses, and production of print found in classroom signs, label, posters, calendars, etc. Take home books to read (e.g. Bi-lingual with audio tapes) Wide variety of reading genres (narrative and informational) Alphabetic knowledge activities Activities related to children's work in reading and writing Activities that help make connections between what they will read and what they already know Activities that encourage discussion about what is being read and how ideas can be linked ( e.g. Making predictions) Year of Languages at WPS
Literacy Strategies Fluency Model fluent reading (read aloud) Echo read Choral read Repeated readings in class (e.g. poems) Phrased reading using sentence strips Reader's Theater (oral performance of a script) Year of Languages at WPS
Oral Language Practice oral language Story aprons Story props Finger puppets Computer software Songs, chants, poems and rhymes Games and activities that involve talking, listening, and following directions Activities in which children practice predicable and patterned language stories Language games with rhyming words Resource: www.earlyliterature.ecsd.net/reading.htm Literacy Strategies Year of Languages at WPS
Networking & Sharing Share Ideas and Experiences FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT Virginia Staugaitis email@example.com MUCHAS GRACIAS
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This is a marketplace portal developed for B2B and B2C. Some of the salient features of the portal are as follows: Sellers can manage their own products and orders Sellers can create custom sets of items to be sold as bundle Refund and Returns Processing Modules Shipping & Logistics module with real time notifications Alerts and Notifications for sales, orders, shipment, low inventory, etc. has been configured into the system
Tell Us About Your RequirementIf you are looking for a Technology-Partner who will help you transform your business goals and achieve maximum ROI, then we would love to hear from you.Whether its Websites, E-Commerce, Mobile Apps, Custom Solutions or Digital Branding, we have the experience to Get IT Done.


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Parishes: Sutton
A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4
Parishes Sutton SUTTON Sudtone (xi cent.). Sutton village is 12 ... In the upper part of the parish neolithic implements and flakes occur. Sutton ... to the trustees of the...View result
Parishes: Sutton, near Dover
The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 9
Parishes Sutton, near Dover SUTTON, NEAR DOVER, WRITTEN likewise in antient records, Sutton near Ripple, and near Walmer, and sometimes, East Sutton; to distinguish it from other...View result
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A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 4
Parishes Long Sutton LONG SUTTON Sudtune (xi cent.), Launge Sutton (xii cent.), Sheep Sutton (xviii cent.). Long Sutton is a small village ... as Long ...View result
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A Topographical Dictionary of England
Sutcombe - Sutton-at-Hone Sutcombe (St. Andrew) SUTCOMBE ( St. ... amounts to 162 per annum. Sutton (All Saints) SUTTON ( All Saints), ... who conferred Sutton and Potton upon...View result
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The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 2
Parishes Sutton-at-Hone SUTTON-AT-HONE LIES the next parish ... through it, passing through Hawley and the village of Sutton; near ... is said to have had the privileges of sac and soc within the...View result
Houses of Knights Hospitallers: The preceptory of Sutton at Hone
A History of the County of Kent: Volume 2
Houses of Knights Hospitallers The preceptory of Sutton at Hone 26. ... more of the hospital, and it would seem to have passed to the Hospitallers, for in a list ... of the...View result
Parishes: Sutton-on-the-Forest
A History of the County of York North Riding: Volume 2
of Sutton. Another farm called Greenthwaite was given to St. Leonard's Hospital ... Parishes Sutton-on-the-Forest SUTTON-ON-THE-FOREST Sudtone (xi cent.); Sutton...View result
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A History of the County of London: Volume 1, London Within the Bars, Westminster and Southwark
Hospitals Hospital of the Savoy 27. THE HOSPITAL OF THE SAVOY The hospital of the Savoy, dedicated to the honour of the Blessed Jesus, ... VIII empowering them to erect a...View result
The Royal Hospital: Bibliographical notes
Survey of London: Volume 11, Chelsea, Part IV: the Royal Hospital
fronting ye River Thames. 93/16X6. The Royall Hospitall at Chelsey. Sutton ... The Royal Hospital Bibliographical notes VIII.BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ... Public Library, deal exclusively with the...View result
Alien houses: Hospital or Priory of Hornchurch
A History of the County of Essex: Volume 2
Alien houses Hospital or Priory of Hornchurch ALIEN HOUSES 45. THE HOSPITAL OR PRIORY OF HORNCHURCH This house, 1 the only dependency in England ... was sequestrated 14 at their own request. The hospital...View result


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Psalms 27:14 (NKJV) 14 Wait on the LORD; Be of good courage, And He shall strengthen your heart; Wait, I say, on the LORD!
PSALM 27:14 The Waiting Game
We don ' t like waiting…on anything or anybody As a society, we are used to getting what we want and getting it now We have set our lifestyle up to be one with minimal waiting
The Waiting Game Think about it, we have: Instant coffee Instant tea Instant oatmeal Microwaves Speed dialing Instant Internet access
The Waiting Game We eat fast food, want fast cash, and drive in the fast lane We are not programmed to wait We do, however, spend a good bit of time waiting in spite of all the modern conveniences and the fact that we don ' t like to
The Waiting Game We wait… at the doctor ' s office in traffic in line at the grocery store at restaurants to be seated for the menu to order food for the check
The Waiting Game Many times we don ' t wait well Many of us want to do something while we wait We may read a magazine, listen to the radio, talk on the phone, or play on our phone
The Waiting Game The Bible teaches us to wait Ps. 27:14 – " Wait on the Lord; be of good courage, and He shall strengthen your heart; wait, I say, on the Lord! " We all have trouble, heartaches, and pain
The Waiting Game Job 14:1 – Man is of few days and full of trouble So what do we do when trouble comes? WAIT! What do we do while we wait?
The Waiting Game W – Word of God Does not stand for worry – Matt. 6:25-34 We need to focus on God ' s word instead Ps. 130:5 – " I wait for the Lord, my soul waits, and in His word I put my hope. "
The Waiting Game W – Word of God While we are waiting for Him to help us, we should be meditating on the promises of His word The word of God should give us great comfort when we are struggling in this life
The Waiting Game A – Asking Does not stand for angry Some react with anger when they are forced to wait Ps. 5:3 – " My voice You shall hear in the morning, O Lord; in the morning I will direct it to You, and I will look up "
The Waiting Game A – Asking Lk. 18:1 – Jesus told a parable to teach his disciples that they always ought to pray and not lose heart In other words, while we are waiting we should continue asking Not lose faith – Js. 1:6-8
The Waiting Game I – Involved Does not stand for impatient Patience is a virtue – II Pet. 1:6 Js. 1:3&4 – Testing of our faith produces patience Ps. 37:34 – " Wait on the Lord, and keep His way… "
The Waiting Game I – Involved An idle mind is the devil ' s workshop Same thing goes for our hands We need to stay involved in order to keep out of trouble and keep Satan at bay
The Waiting Game T – Trust Does not stand for troubled If we become troubled, then are we really putting our faith in Him? Ps. 37:3 – " Trust in the Lord, and do good; dwell in the land, and feed on His faithfulness. "
The Waiting Game T – Trust Ps. 32:10 – " …he who trusts in the Lord, mercy shall surround him. " Isn ' t that what we need when troubles come?
The Waiting Game Is. 40:31 – " But those who wait on the Lord(focus on His Word, keep Asking for His help, are Involved in His work, and Trust in His promises) shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings like eagles, they shall run and not be weary, they shall walk and not faint. "
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Experienced and adaptable analyst specialising in SQL Server solutions.
• Excellent track record in delivering to tight deadlines and managing conflicting priorities.
• Effective working as part of a team or individually.
• Very strong problem solving skills and working closely with non-technical clients.
Technical expert for SQL Server, responsible for implementing the physical data warehouse (MSSQL2012),
• Physical data modelling and build of the data warehouse.
• T-SQL stored procedure development.
• Bespoke development to support required solutions. VS2012, PowerShell, VBA.
Senior Developer\MSSQL DBA
• Undertook multiple projects, enhancements and support. Full SDLC in an iterative methodology.
• Data sources included Group Data Warehouse and DCDA (Central Lending Platform feeds).


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Should you use angelica root? The answer depends on who you believe. There is little scientific evidence to back the claims for its benefits, however the fact that it has been used throughout the ages from peoples all over the planet surely warrants a closer look.
According to the CDC roughly 60% of those of us living in the United States are overweight. I know I've sure put on a few pounds sitting here working on the computer for a large part of the day and Lori struggles with the problem. You will find online sites that tell you that essential oils can help you lose weight. The purpose of this post is to investigate whether this is fact or fiction.
To understand essential oil dangers, it's important to understand essential oils. Let me give you an example using a healthy food. Let's pick spinach. We've been told we should eat our spinach because it's good for us. No argument there. However, let's say someone took 20 pounds of spinach and removed all the water and bulk. What we would have left is the essence of the plant. We would have all of the ingredients that make up spinach reduced to a few milliliters.
When it comes to the whole business of essential oils, the water can get muddy when you try to figure out how to choose the right essential oils. For instance, there are numerous oils that have antiseptic properties; a bunch smell wonderful; a variety have anti-aging properties and numerous are calming. That's the reason for this post which is designed to help you choose the right essential oil.
The difference between German and Roman chamomile essential oils can be summed up in a nutshell. It's all about the chemical makeup of the two oils. Though both German and Roman chamomile essential oils are often used interchangeably in treating an assortment of conditions, they are not the same and thus the purpose of this post.
During the Middle Ages while the black plague was trying to wipe out the population of Europe. The story goes that thieves capitalized on the situation by stealing the belongings of the dead and dying. Yet, despite their contact with the deadly bacteria, the thieves didn't contract the disease. The theory is that is because these thieves were also merchants of herbals and oils. Ergo, a product was created containing the same oils the thieves used and that product is called thieves oil. Recent research says that thieves' oil really works and so we've provided a recipe so you can make it yourself.
Summer is big time bug season here in Northwest Washington and summer is just around the corner. Summer brings joys of warm sun, beautiful flowers and hikes in the woods. It also brings itchy welts and painful lumps from stings. As self defense against the critters that seem to be hell bent on driving their stingers into my skin, I decided to do some research and find a good homemade mosquito repellent that would also work for yellow jackets, wasps and hornets.
Let's say you wake up in the morning, take a shower and slather your after bath lotion. The lotion you use contains the very essential oils that are supposed to lift your spirits, wake you up and clear your thinking. They work great and you feel wonderful, but a few hours later, you feel the blahs coming back or find yourself tired or your thinking is a little foggy. You can't very well drop everything and run to your lotion for help. What do you do? Take your essential oils for depression with you. That's what you do.
Before you tell a loved one you intend travel to the heart of a snake infested jungle to join a rebel militia, light off a diffuser using ylang ylang essential oil. It might just save your loved one from going into shock or having the granddaddy of anxiety attacks or clobbering you for even considering such an idea. I recommend that because ylang ylang essential oil is noted for its ability to calm jangled nerves.
Frankincense (oblibanum) has been valued for eons for its spiritual and medicinal properties as well as its fragrance. There is significant scientific evidence proving the many therapeutic effects of frankincense essential oil. In fact, there are so many benefits this oil provides, it boggles the mind. This is definitely one of those oils we should all have on hand.
Perhaps you've heard the adage "Don't sweat the small stuff." Generally, that's a good idea, but in my world I do sweat the small stuff. The difference is in the definition of small. I sweat the very very small stuff. I'm a microbiologist. The history of my fascination with essential oils stems from that. Let me tell you why.
In the world of fragrances used in perfumes, candles and skin care products, there's a lot of room for confusion. You have fragrance oils, essential oils, absolutes, cosmetic grade, food safe, therapeutic grade oils (which, by the way, there is no such thing), pure oils, organic oils and synthetic oils. By knowing the difference between fragrance oils and essential oils, you will know which to use in order to make perfect spa creations.
Clary sage has been used for thousands of years as a treatment for a wide variety of ailments. It is not unusual to find that science lags in its research to substantiate the purported health benefits of Clary sage or any other herbal remedy for that matter. With increased interest in herbal remedies, research is sure to continue in the health benefits of all herbal and essential oil remedies. That said, there is significance evidence that Clary sage oil should be one of those added to your must have list.
Our goddesses have demanded that we find places to buy the supplies they need to create the many spa products found on SpaFromScratch. That wasn't as easy as it sounds because we think the goddesses coming to this site deserve the best. Our first priority was to find a supplier of essential oils and carrier oils since they are the basis of many of the creations found on this site. After a long search and a lot of hair pulling, we found the perfect source for your essential and carrier oils. Wait until you see what we found.
Geranium essential oil has many benefits and a very few drawbacks. Due to its many uses, we recommend all of our divas keep this oil on hand. We're going to discuss what geranium essential oil is used for and how to use it, but first a little botany and history lesson to get you started.
You would think essential oils are the panacea of all human woes from gout to depression. Coming from a scientific background I tend to be highly skeptical. However, that doesn't mean I'm closed minded. Simply because the evidence of a benefit isn't presented doesn't necessarily mean the benefit doesn't exist. It just hasn't been proven. So, when you read on, realize that much of what is presented here are "supposed" benefits.
Did you know that lavender essential oil may be from any one of four totally unique lavender plants? Did you know there are significant differences in the chemistry of the four? Did you know that the oil you should purchase will depend on how you plan on using it? If you didn't know, then read on.


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Oops! I was fooling around with Blogger's mobile app and I accidentally deleted my last post. It was about being back. And the reason that I haven't been writing - Bean's sleep has been atrocious (and it still is) - and I have been more sleep deprived than ever imagined possible. He's waking every 30-60 minutes. No exaggeration. We're looking in to the causes but we are thinking that his reflux is flaring and that he might have something called periodic limb movement disorder due to an iron deficiency.
Either way, writing has been good for me so I'm making a renewed effort to get back in to the swing of things. Regardless of how tired I am.
Right now, I'm working on a post about some really important resources to help families with complex medical kiddos keep organized and on top of the many specialists. Expect that post later today or tomorrow.
Oh, and I also just installed a new comment system to try. Check it out and leave a comment to let me know what you think. And if you have a blog, you can click the little CommentLuv box and it will link back to your most recent post. Pretty nifty!


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Does this attraction have good scenic or skyline views?
Would this be a good sunny day activity?
Does this activity require advanced planning, ticketing or bookings?
Is this activity accessible without advanced planning or bookings?
Is this attraction popular with tourists?
Is this attraction good for big groups (greater than 5)?
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Is this attraction suitable for all ages?
Would this be a good cold day activity?
Is this an outdoor attraction or activity?
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We loved the whole experience. It was well organised and professional from the collection point right the way through to the rafting.
We had an amazing morning whitewater rafting (Athabasca Falls run). The team certainly gave us many laughs and they knew their stuff ! We all had a ball and the kids enjoyed finding out our more about the area along the way. The staff were amazing and would highly recommend this company when visiting Jasper! Thanks Jordan for a wonderful...
Great rafting adventure for a very reasonable price ! The guide was absolutely amazing and enthusiastic and very knowledgeable (young Australian guy). We booked things last minute and still got a great experience. We booked the sky gondola and rafting package together but couldn't go to the gondola due to bad weather so they refunded us money back for the...
What a great way to enjoy the glacial waters of the Sunwapta River. White water rafting - even for a novice like me - was a fun, if not cool way to spend a lovely afternoon! It was the last rafting trip for the season on this river. The entire team: booking staff, bus driver/photographer, leaders of the four rafts,...
We caught he last rafting trip of the season and so glad we did. One of the highlights of our trip. Great fun, very safe, clear instructions and highly recommended. Safe for all ages. Cold, water was around 4 degrees fortunately we all stayed in the boat!
The last rafting trip of the season for the instructors and the first ever for me. Great fun, very safe, clear instructions and highly recommended. Chillingly cold water despite the wetsuit!
This was our first time to try white water rafting and it was great fun. We really loved it and would definitely recommend jasper rafting, Sean and the team were really friendly, they took some great fotos of the day and it was just a really memorable experience.
Top class instructors on the day great white water, excellent and clear safety instructions, and very informative guide!
Only "negative" experience was (as a women) changing into my clothes (with the men) in the bus "after" the river rafting. When we first changed into our gear in the bus ...first the men changed then they left the bus then the women went into the bus and they changed .
"I think we should of been separated also when...
13 in our group......2 rafts, Sean and his partner were awesome. We had a blast. Would recommend everyone give this a try
Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more.
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Sefour X25 CDJ Stand for CDJ 850, 900, 1000, Silver
Sefour X25 CDJ Stand for CDJ 850, 900, 1000, SilverDetails
Product Ref: 71343View Full Description
Spend another £0.01 to buy on finance Finance from £6.82 per month
Please note: This is only available where all items in the order are dispatched in a single delivery.
To make it as easy as possible for you to get the gear you want, we offer a range of instant finance options. If you spend £250 or more online, you can choose to pay over 48, 36 or 24 months. The majority of decisions are given instantly, so you could get your new gear sooner than you thought!
Representative Example
To help you understand how our finance options work, the examples below are based on a total order value of £250:
|Deposit to Pay
|Total Payable
|Classic Credit 48 Months 14.9%
|No Deposit
|48 months: £6.83
Final payment: £6.83
No settlement fee
|Classic Credit 36 Months 15.9%
|No Deposit
|36 months: £8.65
Final payment: £8.65
No settlement fee
|Classic Credit 24 Months 18.9%
|No Deposit
|24 months: £12.41
Final payment: £12.41
No settlement fee
How to Apply
Applying for finance couldn't be easier - if your order totals £250 or more, simply proceed through the checkout as normal, then select Pay by Finance on the payment page, then click the orange APPLY FOR INSTANT FINANCE button. This will start your application with V12 Retail Finance, our finance partner, and completing this form should take approximately 10 minutes.
You should get an instant answer on whether your application has been successful, though in some rare cases V12 may need to look at the application in more detail.
Please note: This is only available on orders placed via the website consisting of a single delivery, and is not available in store or via phone currently.
Full DescriptionView Full Description
Ergonomic CDJ Stand
The X-Shaped frame of the Sefour X25 is designed to minimise sound resonance and absorbs any movement from mixing, perfect for DJs that like to move with their mix. The stand will accommodate a wide range of popular CDJ styles including CDJ 850, 900, 1000 and more. The all purpose design is suitable for a range of environments from home studio use to live sets in nightclubs and bars.
The X25 gives you optimal access to your equipment, positioning you as close to the CDJs and mixer as possible. The frame also features the ability to rotate and lock the CDJs into various positions, allowing you to customise the arrangement to your liking. The mixer can also be tiled and locked to any angle, perfect for working in a range of spaces. The frame is also collapsible and height adjustable with quick release pins for even easier assembly and deconstruction. Additionally, the lower shelf of the frame is ideal for housing and positioning amplifiers or other sound equipment such as headphones or audio interfaces.
- Ergonomic DJ equipment stand
- Rotate and lock the turntable to various positions
- Tilt and lock the mixer to any angle
- Position amplifiers or other equipment on the lower shelf
- Accepts all current CD turntables (CDJ099/CDJ1000 all versions)
All Products are new unless stated, and include a minimum of one year warranty.
This offer excludes computer software, in-ear monitors that have been opened, and items supplied to your personal specification.
All Products are new unless stated, and include a minimum of one year warranty.
This offer excludes computer software, in-ear monitors that have been opened, and items supplied to your personal specification.
If you also purchase items that do not qualify for free delivery, some delivery charges may be applied to your order which will be shown in your shopping basket.


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How Reading Changed My Life, by Anna Quindlen
Title: How Reading Changed My Life
Author: Anna Quindlen
Pages: 84
Originally Published: 1997
Format I Read: Paperback
Publisher: Ballantine Books
Rating: [rating:3]
This was my first introduction to Anna Quindlen. I've heard her name bounced around for years but hadn't had a chance to read anything of hers. And then, some blogger, who I cannot now remember, recommended this little book. So, I added it to my Amazon wishlist and got it for Christmas from my little brother.
Quindlen used to be a columnist for The New York Times. And this book kind of reads like a series of little columns. My major complaint is that it felt lacking in structure. I couldn't easily discern why the chapters were split the way they were or were presented in the order they were. At the end of the book, I also felt like I still didn't know how reading changed Quindlen's life. Seriously. Other than the general way that reading has changed every reader's life. And, then, I felt the writing style was, at times, a little, tinsy bit belabored.
Notwithstanding the annoyances, I did enjoy this little book. It was a fitting book to sit down with at the dawn of this new year. If anything, HRCML is a love letter to all book lovers everywhere. While reading is solitary by nature, Quindlen rejoices that book lovers persist with the reading and tend to seek one another out. She notes a general societal dis-ease with chronic readers:
While we pay lip service to the virtues of reading, the truth is that there is still in our culture something that suspects those who read too much, whatever reading too much means, of being lazy, aimless dreamers, people who need to grow up and come outside to where real life is, who think themselves superior in their separateness.
There is something in the American character that is even secretly hostile to the act of aimless reading, a certain hale and heartiness that is suspicious of reading as anything more than a tool for advancement. (9)
But true readers know that reading is so much more:
All of reading is really only findings ways to name ourselves, and perhaps, to name the others around us so that they will no longer seem like strangers. Crusoe and Friday. Ishmael and Ahab. Daisy and Gatsby. Pip and Estella. Me. Me. Me. I am not alone. I am surrounded by words that tell me who I am, why I feel what I feel. Or maybe they just help me while away the hours as the rain pounds down on the porch roof, taking me away from the gloom and on to somewhere sunny, somewhere else. (21)
In sum, while I didn't fall wildly in love with this one, I enjoyed it. And I think any book lover will get some pleasure out of meeting a kindred spirit in its pages.
How Reading Changed My Life, by Anna Quindlen [rating:3]
Have you read or reviewed this book too? Feel free to jump in with your thoughts or leave a link to your review in the comments.
*Update* It was Carl from Stainless Steel Droppings! His review made me want to read this book. Thanks, Carl!


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Note : Your Quotation Request will be directed to Keysight Technologies.
The N9010A EXA Signal Analyzer from Agilent is available in a number of frequency options that span all the way up to 44 GHz. This is a general purpose signal analyzer that combines speed, performance and flexibility all into one device, making it ideal for the most demanding cellular and millimeter-wave applications. It has a 25 MHz analysis bandwidth, a low phase noise of -105 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, 19 dBm IP3 and a DANL of less than -163 dBm.
You can now find similar products from multiple companies on everything RF.


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Get an overview of this hotelRiverwalk Vielha e Mijaran aparthotel in Vielha with full-service spa
Popular property highlights
Located in Vielha, this spa aparthotel is within a 10-minute walk of Vielha Ice Palace, Church of Saint Miqueu, and Aran Valley Museum. Valle de Aran Museum is 0.6 mi (1 km) away.
Property Features
A full-service spa, a restaurant, and an indoor pool are available at this smoke-free aparthotel. WiFi in public areas is free. Additionally, a fitness center, a bar/lounge, and a coffee shop/café are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 48 apartments feature kitchenettes with refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi and sofa beds. Other amenities available to guests include living rooms, dining areas, and flat-screen TVs.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Suite Aparthotel El Refugio de Aran Vielha
Renovations & Closures
- Bar/Lounge
- Swimming pool
- Dining venue
- Spa
- Spa tub
- One of the dining venues
Property Amenities
Property Amenities
In addition to a full-service spa, Suite Aparthotel El Refugio de Aran Vielha features an indoor pool and a spa tub. The aparthotel offers a restaurant, a coffee shop/café, and a snack bar/deli. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access.
This Vielha e Mijaran aparthotel also offers a fitness center, a sauna, and spa services. Limited onsite parking is available on a first-come, first-served basis (surcharge). A total renovation of this property was completed in October 2016.
Suite Aparthotel El Refugio de Aran Vielha is a smoke-free property.
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Free WiFi
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Total number of rooms - 48
- Number of floors - 4
- Babysitting or childcare
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop or café
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Fireplace in lobby
- Fitness facilities
- Full-service spa
- Pool umbrellas
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Multilingual staff
- Parking (limited spaces)
- Garden
- Terrace
- Restaurant
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Pool sun loungers
- Free parking nearby
- Year Built 1999
- Snack bar/deli
- Sauna
- Ski storage
- Smoke-free property
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Spa services on site
- Spa tub
- Indoor pool
- Television in common areas
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Indoor pool
- Separate living room
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchenette
- Snack bar/deli
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Separate dining area
- Sofa bed
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge), Parking (limited spaces), Free parking nearby
Room Amenities
- Separate sitting area
- Air conditioning
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Phone
- Kitchenette
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Daily housekeeping
- Free toiletries
- Desk
- Sofa bed
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
- Separate dining area
- Separate living room
- Room service (limited hours)
- Cribs/infant beds (surcharge)
- Separate bedroom
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
- Espresso maker
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 8 AM and 9:30 AM.
Suite Aparthotel El Refugio de Aran Vielha has a restaurant on site.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
An indoor pool and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a sauna and a fitness center.
Children under 1 years old are not allowed in the swimming pool, health club, fitness facility, or spa tub without adult supervision.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Downhill skiing nearby
- Cross-country skiing nearby
- Snowboarding nearby
- Snowmobiling nearby
- Snowshoeing nearby
- Rafting nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Mountain biking nearby
- Ski lessons available nearby
- Ski equipment rental shops nearby
- Helicopter/airplane tours on site
- Horse riding/rental on site
- Ice skating on site
- Sledding nearby
- Rock climbing nearby
- Ziplining nearby
Spa Services
Es Termes deth Refugi has 1 treatment room. Services include hot stone massages, sports massages, massages, and facials. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including hydrotherapy. The spa is equipped with a sauna and a spa tub.
The spa is open select days. Children under 16 years old are not allowed in the spa without adult supervision. Guests under 16 years old are not allowed in the spa.
- Body wraps
- Body scrubs
- Hydrotherapy treatments
- Body treatments
- Facial treatments
- Number of treatment rooms 1
- Hot stone massage
- Sports massage
- Sauna in spa
- Spa tub in spa
- Massages
- Minimum age to access spa is 16
- Manicures and pedicures
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Property Policies
Check-in time starts at 4 PM
Check-in time ends at 8 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Kids stay free! Up to 2 children 3 years old and younger stay free when using existing bedding.
- Rollaway/extra beds are available for EUR 25 per night.
- Cribs (infant beds) are available for EUR 3.00 per night.
- Pets allowed for an extra charge of EUR 10 per pet, per night
- 1 per room (up to 10 kg)
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Hotel Registry Number - HVA-000727
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.50 per person, per night, up to 7 nights. This tax does not apply to children under 17 years of age.
Optional extras
- Fee for buffet breakfast: EUR 7.00 per person (approximately)
- Self parking fee: EUR 10 per day
- Pet fee: EUR 10 per pet, per night
- Late check-out fee: EUR 25
- Crib (infant bed) fee: EUR 3.00 per night
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 25 per night
Property Name
- Aparthotel Eth Refugi d'Aran Aparthotel
- Aparthotel Eth Refugi d'Aran Aparthotel Vielha e Mijaran
- Aparthotel Eth Refugi d'Aran Vielha e Mijaran
- Aparthotel Refugi d'Aran
- Eth Refugi
- Eth Refugi d'Aran
- Eth Refugi d'Aran Aparthotel
- Refugi d'Aran
- Refugi d'Aran Aparthotel
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2500, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation. Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments. Reservations can be made by contacting the aparthotel prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. Up to 2 children 3 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.


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- NCAA Tournament Returning To Albany
- Hayley Winter Signs With Siena
- Siena Basketball Hands Out Year End Awards
- Willem Brandwijk Transferring From Siena
- Clareth and Degnan Named Siena Captains
- Jackie Benitez Leaving Siena
- Siena Beats Monmouth: What Happened At Half Time?
- Postgame Comments Following Siena Semifinal Win Over Monmouth
- Siena Marches Into MAAC Semifinal With Win Over Fairfield
- Postgame Comments Following Siena Win Over Fairfield
Saints March Past Mercer to Advance To WBI Final
- Updated: March 26, 2015
The Siena women continued to amaze Wednesday night as they pushed their sensational season to live on for one more game by defeating Mercer, 65-54 to advance to the championship game of the Women's Basketball Invitational. As resilient and cohesive of a unit as you will ever see, this group of seven active players, with the support of their team mates on the bench, pulled off their 22nd win of season.
This one was far from easy, as Mercer led for the entire first half and by as many as nine points with 3:39 to go before the break. Leading scorer and Southern Conference Player of the Year Precious Bridges (20.6 ppg.) led the Bears with 13 first-half points. The Saints shot just 10-33 (30.3%) from the field and 0-5 from three-point range, but their defense allowed them to stay within range and narrow the gap to 27-24 heading into the locker room.
Mercer continued to lead and twice built the margin up to seven points in the early going of the final twenty minutes. But the Saints were not done yet as they made a push and when senior Tehresa Coles sank a huge three-pointer with 13:39 to go, the crowd of 1,183 exploded as the score was tied for the first time, 37-37.
After a couple of empty possessions for each side, Emia Willingham stole the ball and raced ahead to feed Kollyns Scarbrough who gave the Saints their first lead of the game, 39-37 with 11:45 remaining. As they turned up the heat defensively, things began to really click on offense and Siena would never trail again as they marched on to their first postseason tournament final in program history.
Mercer's 6-5 center Teannna Robinson, who had made things difficult inside for Siena, went to the bench early in the second half after picking up her third and fourth fouls. The Saints took advantage as they pounded the ball down low for easy buckets and got to the free throw line, two of their keys to success all season. They shot 10-21 (47.6%) from the field and converted 20-26 free throw attempts in the second half as a result, which proved to be the difference.
"We set on-the-ball screens for Ida to try to get her one-on-one and attacking #45 (Robinson)," explained Siena coach Ali Jaques. "We wanted her out of the game. She's a big presence inside. She's a shot blocker and you have to worry about her. I think our post players went really hard at her and Ida did as well. That was a calculated move."
Siena (22-12) was led by its only two bench players, junior Symone Kelly who finished with 14 points and sophomore Willingham who had 12 points with 9 rebounds, which tied her career-high. Tehresa Coles had 9 points and Meghan Donohue also had 9 points along with 5 rebounds. Ida Krogh finished with 8 points and 7 rebounds, Margot Hetzke had 7 points with 6 boards and Scarbrough finished with 6 points.
Coles and Willingham were a force defensively, grabbing 4 steals a piece. Siena scored 20 points off of 18 Mercer turnovers who came into the game ranked third in the country for fewest turnovers (11.0). The Saints again controlled the inside outscoring the Bears 38-14 in the paint and outrebounding them 39-34.
Mercer (20-15) was led in scoring by Bridges who led all scorers with 19 points. She was just 1-5 from the field in the second half thanks to Siena's defensive pressure. Alicia Williams added 15 points for the Bears, while SoCon Rookie of the Year Kahlia Lawrence was held to only 4 four points, shooting just 2-10.
"I think the thing that really separated us was just our defensive intensity and our focus," Jaques said. "To be able to shut down Bridges like that in the second half took a lot of effort and Tehresa and Emia really locked in defensively."
In the West Region, top-seeded Louisiana Lafayette faces No. 5 seed Oral Roberts in the other semifinal Thursday night. If Louisiana wins, Siena would head to the Lafayette for a 5 p.m. ET (4 p.m. CT) tip on Sunday. If Oral Roberts wins, Siena would host the tournament championship game at the ARC on Sunday at 2 p.m.
Siena will be playing in its 35th game of the season on Sunday, a program record. Their 13-win improvement from last year is tied with UT-Arlington for second best in the country. Still competing at the end of March, for a team picked to finish 10th in the MAAC, coming off a 9-win season and playing with just 7 players, seemed almost unimaginable. But this surprising bunch will lace them up for one last time hoping to put the icing on the cake.
"We'll play on a street corner if we have to at this point. It doesn't matter, said Jaques. "We have one game left together and we're gonna do everything we can to bring back that trophy or maybe keep it here."
For more postgame quotes, Click Here: Postgame Quotes Following Siena Women's WBI Semifinal Win Over Mercer


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Intracranial vessel wall imaging: current applications and clinical implications
- Marinos Kontzialis1 and
- Bruce A. Wasserman2Email author
DOI: 10.1186/s40809-016-0014-5
© Kontzialis and Wasserman. 2016
Received: 26 November 2015
Accepted: 17 December 2015
Published: 4 February 2016
Conventional CT, MR, and digital subtraction angiography rely on the presence of luminal narrowing for the identification of vascular pathology offering limited insight into the offending pathophysiologic mechanism affecting the vessel. High-resolution MRI vessel wall imaging (VWI) has the potential to directly depict and characterize vessel wall pathology affecting the intracranial circulation increasing diagnostic accuracy for vasculopathies with similar angiographic findings.
KeywordsVessel wall imaging Black blood MRI Intracranial Vasculopathy Intracranial stenosis Atherosclerosis MRI
Specific vessel wall characteristics that are sought on VWI include vessel wall thickening (smooth, irregular, circumferential, concentric, eccentric), signal, and enhancement [4]. A short axis view perpendicular to an intracranial vessel is best for evaluation of vessel wall thickening and pattern of enhancement (Fig. 1b). In this text we review the major current applications of BBMRI in the intracranial circulation.
Atherosclerotic plaques in the intracranial circulation tend to present as eccentric and usually irregular wall thickening with or without luminal stenosis and variable enhancement (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4) [3, 6, 7, 12]. When compared with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and vasculitic lesions, ICAD lesions are significantly more likely to have eccentric wall involvement [3], and can demonstrate lesional T2 hyperintensity presumably corresponding to the fibrous cap (80 % sensitivity), which presents as a T2 juxtaluminal hyperintense band occasionally overlying a T2 hypointense component, the lipid core [12]. T2 hyperintensities and heterogeneous signal are reportedly absent in vasculitis and RCVS [12]. Luminal narrowing can be identified with conventional angiographic studies, and the goal of VWI is the definite characterization of a focal stenotic lesion as athrosclerosis, the discrimination of active and stable plaques, and the demonstration of nonstenotic atherosclerotic burden. In a recent study, atherosclerotic plaques involving the basilar artery were more frequently identified on BBMRI than on time-of-flight MRA [13].
Plaque enhancement can be used to identify lesions responsible for cerebrovascular ischemic events (Fig. 1). Plaque enhancement could represent inflammation and/or neovascularization and a more strongly enhancing intracranial plaque more likely represents the culprit lesion for an ischemic event [6, 7, 14]. Enhancement in an ICAD lesion that causes more than 50 % stenosis has been shown to be associated with its likelihood to have caused a recent ischemic event, and this is independent of plaque thickness [6]. Strong plaque enhancement has been observed in the vessel supplying the stroke territory within 4 weeks of the ischemic insult, and the enhancement decreased following the ictus [6, 15]. Plaque enhancement might serve as a more precise marker of stroke risk than luminal stenosis, enabling risk stratification in low-grade or even angiographically occult lesions [6]. Qiao et al. observed a lack of contrast enhancement only in nonculprit plaques [6]. This suggests that BBMRI can identify stable plaques with lack of enhancement, which might not need aggressive treatment [6], though a prospective study is needed to validate plaque enhancement as a predictor of future events.
The effects of intracranial thromboembolism and recanalization have been described in a small number of patients, and include smooth concentric wall thickening and enhancement at the site of recent arterial occlusion, which is more common in patients who received mechanical thrombectomy than in patients treated with medical therapy alone [16]. This pattern of enhancement following thrombectomy is reminiscent of and could be potentially confused with central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis if the patient's history is unknown. BBMRI also has been used for the identification of eccentric atherosclerotic plaques in the basilar artery and their relationship to the ostia of the major side branches before basilar artery stenting to minimize procedural complications [17].
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
RCVS is a noninflammatory disorder of arterial tone regulation, which results in multifocal segmental narrowing of cerebral arteries that resolves spontaneously within 3 months [14, 20]. The main differential consideration is vasculitis especially when there are overlapping clinical features; and discrimination between the two conditions is important because vasculitis is treated with steroids, which can be harmful in RCVS [4, 20, 21]. Angiographic imaging fails to distinguish the two conditions due to nonspecific luminal narrowing in both [19]. A pilot VWI study that assessed consecutive cases with multifocal segmental narrowing on angiographic imaging demonstrated vessel wall thickening and enhancement in CNS vasculitis and cocaine vasculopathy, and minimal to no enhancement in RCVS [20]. Cocaine vasculopathy creates vasospasm, but unlike RCVS it results in arterial wall inflammation on histopathologic evaluation [22]. A larger study recruited 13 vasculitis and 13 RCVS patients [19]. Twelve out of 13 vasculitis patients had wall thickening and enhancement. The enhancement involved a short segment and was concentric in 9 patients and eccentric in 3 [19]. In RCVS, 10 patients had diffuse uniform wall thickening continuous throughout the entire wall of the diseased vessel likely due to smooth muscle contraction [20], and only 4 patients had mild vessel wall enhancement [19]. Wall enhancement in RCVS was less intense compared to CNS vascultis with early resolution within 3 months when present [19]. These results suggest that BBMRI is helpful in the differentiation of RCVS from CNS vasculitis.
A pilot study in 5 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage demonstrated thick vessel wall enhancement in all ruptured aneurysms, and absent enhancement in the unruptured aneurysms [23]. In a larger study that included 117 patients, there was strong aneurysmal wall enhancement in 73.8 % of ruptured versus 4.8 % of unruptured aneurysms [24]. The authors concluded that in patients with multiple aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage the presence of aneurysmal wall enhancement will likely identify the ruptured lesion [23, 24]. However, it is important to note that these are retrospective investigations and the enhancement could be a consequence of the rupture. In surgically treated aneurysms with partial wall enhancement, the enhancement corresponded to the point of rupture during surgery, which might be helpful in treatment planning [24].
In another study that included 87 patients with 108 aneurysms, circumferential aneurysmal wall enhancement was more frequently seen in unstable than in stable aneurysms (87 % versus 28.5 %, respectively) [25]. The unstable aneurysm group included ruptured aneurysms, aneurysms with change in morphology, and symptomatic aneurysms [25]. Identification of aneurysm wall enhancement could correspond to vasa vasorum formation and inflammatory activity, and it may relate to the aneurysm's risk of rupture [14, 24, 25]. A prospective study could confirm the role of VWI in the non-invasive follow-up of unruptured aneurysms [25].
Moyamoya disease
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an idiopathic disorder causing progressive narrowing of the distal intracranial internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and the proximal circle of Willis vessels, and is characterized by the development of hypertrophied lenticulostriate branches. MMD and ICAD are both more prevalent in Asians, and differentiation between the two conditions is important because of different treatment strategies (revascularization surgery in MMD versus aggressive medical treatment in ICAD) [26]. Prior reports have suggested that MMD is characterized by little to no wall enhancement, and that this could differentiate it from radiation-induced arteritis, which presents with concentric enhancement, or an ICAD lesion that presents with eccentric enhancement [3, 27, 28]. More recent studies have described concentric enhancement in symptomatic and asymptomatic MMD patients affecting the distal ICAs, which could correspond to intimal hyperplasia pathologically [1, 26, 29]. Ryoo et al. suggested that concentric wall enhancement in bilateral distal ICAs and shrinkage of the middle cerebral arteries in MMD can distinguish it from ICAD, which presents with focal eccentric enhancement on BBMRI [26]. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the appearance of MMD using optimized BBMRI imaging and clarify whether a noninvasive diagnosis can be made.
Dissection represents blood tracking into the vessel wall through an intimal tear. BBMRI findings suggestive of dissection include eccentric wall thickening with T1 hyperintense signal representing intramural hematoma, the identification of a false lumen, and eccentric wall enhancement, which might imply involvement by vasa vasorum [3, 14, 30]. However, the hyperintense T1 vessel wall signal is not specific for dissection since it could represent intraplaque hemorrhage in an ICAD lesion [3, 5], and studies have yet to validate these imaging features given the general lack of intracranial vessel specimens for comparison [3].
VWI is a rapidly growing and evolving area of clinical and research interest that holds promise to improve diagnostic accuracy for intracranial vasculopathies. VWI enables direct visualization of offending vessel wall pathology, which wouldn't be detectable on conventional imaging unless it resulted in luminal narrowing. Specific vessel wall thickening and enhancement patterns have been described in several conditions with similar angiographic findings enabling discrimination of these diseases that was not previously possible. VWI appears to allow for assessment of atherosclerotic burden and for risk stratification of individual ICAD lesions with potential to influence treatment decisions. Further prospective studies are needed to better define the role of VWI in predicting risk from intracranial vasculopathies and determining the best management approach.
Black blood MRI
central nervous system
internal carotid artery
intracranial atherosclerotic disease
middle cerebral artery
Moyamoya disease
posterior cerebral artery
reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
MRI vessel wall imaging
BAW has received grant support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (RO1HL105930-01A1).
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors' Affiliations
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