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Louis Vuitton
Men's Louis Vuitton Black Damier "Aventure" Zip Up Sneakers
Men's sneakers feature black damier design with leather cap toe and suede heel. Lace up and zipper closure. Date code reads, "MS0163". Size: 7.5
Made in: Italy Color: Black Content: Nylon, Leather, Suede, Synthetic Condition: Pre-owned. This item is in good condition. Some slight dust on the outsoles. Small scuffs scattered along the platforms. Slight scuffing and wear on the suede. Heels are a bit worn down. Slight markings and scuffs on front leather cap toes and leather trim on back.
Measurements & Sizing
- Platform: 0.875"
- Outsole Length: 11.25"
- Outsole Width: 3.875"
Returns & Shipping
Luxury Garage Sale guarantees that all items sold on our site are 100% authentic. All products we accept are inspected for brand-specific guidelines and are put through a rigorous authenticity test process.
LGS is not affiliated with Louis Vuitton. We guarantee this Louis Vuitton item to be authentic. Louis Vuitton® is a registered trademark of Louis Vuitton.
Item #: 148335


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If I am bringing 6 riders, can I purchase 3 of the one hour ($56) groupons and have all 6 riders use the groupon on the same day?
Melody F. asked on Apr 10, 2014
Very sorry, but there is a purchase limit of 1 Groupon total for this offer.
Brette V. from Groupon replied on Apr 10, 2014

subset: commoncrawl


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Floodlight is an optional feature in DFA that allows advertisers to capture and report on the actions of users who visit their website after viewing or clicking on one of the advertiser's ads. For the implementation of Floodlight, Floodligh...
Non-public statistics and multiple page tracking are also available.
eXTReMe Tracker is leading in The Entire Web.
DoubleClick Floodlight is leading in Top 10K Sites, Top 100K Sites and Top 1M Sites.
eXTReMe Tracker has better usage coverage in more websites categories. Including Arts & Entertainment, People & Society, Business & Industry, Adult and 184 other categories.
DoubleClick Floodlight is leading in Autos & Vehicles, Car Buying, Finance, Automotive Industry and 46 other categories.
eXTReMe Tracker is leading in most countries, including Russia, India, Brazil, Indonesia and 107 other countries.
DoubleClick Floodlight is leading in United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and 66 other countries.


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Week 1 May 31 - June 1, 2006
story ran on nwitimes.com on Tuesday, June 13, 2006 12:21 AM CDT
history along Kankakee
Times Correspondent
| Kassie Haberkamp, a sophomore at Valparaiso High School, stood
alongside her grandfather, Bill Beck, in a rectangular pit in the
ground, dusting the jaw bone and teeth of an uncovered animal. It
was the fourth such bone they uncovered in the hole, part of the
Kankakee Valley Historical Society archaeological dig at the Collier
Lodge site in rural Kouts on Monday.
lot of this stuff I've seen before but I get excited when I find
something new," said Haberkamp who admitted she participates in
the digs to spend time with her grandfather, who grew up just two
miles down the road.
the rest of the 40 or so volunteers, students, and teachers at the
dig came from the historical society as well as the University of
Notre Dame. Anthropology professor
Mark Schurr
led the group.
is our fourth year out here and we're exploring questions that
weren't answered in previous years," said Schurr.
questions included looking at evidence of a cabin buried beneath the
ground, perhaps one owned by the first Kankakee River ferry owner
George Eaton in the 1830s; examining cross sections of a prehistoric
animal and plant pit; and identifying animal bones from possible fur
trading times.
think it's important that we get information on how this site was
used for a long period of time," said Schurr who first used
magnetic-sensing equipment and ground-penetrating radar before
commencing the dig.
society President John Hodson said he believes the dig is important
to the whole community.
we found so far shows us the amount of activity that was going on at
this little spot for thousands of years and I think it will make the
residents here more aware of their own history," said Hodson.
the site is on the banks of the
Kankakee River
at a point that was more easily traversed than others, the land was
used for many millennia as a site for camps and settlements. One
artifact hunter last week unearthed a point, or the sharp end of a
spear or tool, that was evidence of the how long ago the site was
Judy Judge
, treasurer of
the KVHS ,and her team found the point that Schurr determined to be
10,000 years old.
was laying in the ground as we were shoveling, and at first we
thought it was just a chunk of chert, or the material used to make
points, but then we found it to be an intact point," said an
excited Judge of her team's find.
For more information on participating in the Kankakee Valley
Historical Society digs, contact John Hodson at (219) 766-2302 or
visit www.kankakeevalleyhistoricalsociety.org.
Click to
enlarge images
Dr. Schurr explains
Students use transit
Dr. Schurr explains use of a
ground penetrating radar system Go to for more information: http://www.malags.se/docs/appnotes/2891_AN_Real_3D_surveying_of_archaeological_sites.pdf
Students use
ground penetrating radar system
Dr. Schurr explains shovel probe
KVHS members screen shovel probe
Dr. Schurr explains documenting
Native-American pottery found
during shovel probes
More pottery!
Native-American arrow point
found during shovel probes
Transfer ware (1795-1820) found
during shovel probes
Week 2 June 5 - 8, 2006
Provisionally named
�Hodson Corner Notched� point
Woodland (800-200 BC)
French musket(?) flint
Glass bead (Removal period 1838)
Senator Sue Landske at dig
KVHS volunteers at dig
Dr. Schurr instructing dig
Week 3 June
12 - 15, 2006
Group picture June 14
Early Archaic (8,000 - 6,000 BC)
Early Woodland (800 - 200 BC)
Adena point
Transfer ware (English 1795 -
Feature in north unit
Animal bone concentration


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Audience witnessed the Highway 5 Punjabi movie which was released on 22nd July 2016 under Fateh Entertainment. Comedy drama movie features Aman Dhaliwal, Sunny Boparai, Baaz Lalia and Raj Sandhu. Latest released Highway 5 Punjabi movie is full of wow moments and appreciated by the audience because movie does not have huge cast of big names in it and those who are, they tried their all best. Acting is very natural and believable as is the norm in Hollywood films. Performance by stars is super real and good in front of camera.
Punjabi Highway 5 Movie Review Response Rating 1st Day Friday Box Office Collection
Directed by Onkar Minhas and penned by Kavi Raz, moviefeatures usual ingredients of comedy, drama and pathos. Ravi Raz is the one and only person who helped the makers in each department beyond his assigning duties because of his so much experirnce.
Trailer was quite impressive and interesting that it left his impreesion on viewers to watch the movie. Song sung by Daler Mehndi, Palak Muchhal, Raja Hasan, Labh Janjua, Onkar Minhas and Baaz Lalia left audience unbelievable. Realistic dialogues are awsome.
In the Punjabi film industry, there is only "Needhi Singh" movie which released on the same day and gave compitition to Highway 5 at box office. Needhi singh features Kulraj Randhawa and Aman Sutdhar in lead.
11 movies released on 22nd July 2016 – Madaari, Love Ke Funday, Ishq Click, M Cream, M.A Pass, Dirty Story, Red Rose, Female Express, Kabali, and etc. which raised huge huge competition themselves at box office. It is expected to shine Madaari and Kabaali for sure because of its hype and star cast. Highway 5 movie collected Rs 2.14 Crore on its opening day Friday.


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The world-renowned gardens open for two months every summer. Highlights include: a 72 arch pergola, 3 ponds containing a variety of fish and water loving plants, displays of the best of modern roses together with many varieties of old garden roses, a border of species roses and a grassed maze, a rose collection showing the history of the rose and the Queen Mother rose garden.
Founded in 1876, the Royal National Rose Society is a leading gardening charity dedicated to encouraging, improving and extending the science, art and practice of the cultivation and conservation of roses. Please telephone, email or visit the website to check details before travelling.
For parking use Former Butterfly World car park.
Opening hours
The gardens and tea room will reopen for 2017 on 10th June.
Open daily from Saturday 10th June to Sunday 6th August 2017.
Prices (2015-2017)
Adults - £6*
Groups -£5pp (25 people or more)
Children (under 16 and accompanied by an adult) - Free
RNRS Members - Free
Dogs on leads are welcome
*No concessions.
Access Information
For access information, visit Disabled Go
Address and contact details
Gardens of the Rose, Miriam Lane, Off Noke Lane, Chiswell Green, Herts
Postcode: AL2 3NY
Tel: +44(0) 845 833 4344
Email: email@example.com
Web: www.rnrs.org.uk/
more... >>
more... >>


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Surety Bonds on the Rocks
Bond Type: Immigration Consultant Bond
Other names:
Definition: This bond ensures that the person consulting legal immigrants will not give legal advice, will assist legal immigrants with completion of the proper forms, and will help the client secure the correct documentation to complete their immigration status.
Obligee: State of California
Typical Bond Premium: This bond is based on risk assessment using personal credit score and years in business.
Surety on the Rocks: Red Sangria 2 bottles of red Spanish table wine 1 cup of brandy ½ cup triple sec 1 cup orange juice 1 cup pomegranate juice ½ cup Simple Syrup Slices of orange and apple, blackberries, pomegranate seeds Mix all ingredients together and let stand in a tightly sealed container or pitcher for at least 24 hours in the refrigerator before serving.
Other names:
- CA Immigration Consultant Bond
Definition: This bond ensures that the person consulting legal immigrants will not give legal advice, will assist legal immigrants with completion of the proper forms, and will help the client secure the correct documentation to complete their immigration status.
- Application on BuySurety.com
- US citizen
- Current business and personal information
- There cannot be a felony or a disqualifying misdemeanor on the record.
Obligee: State of California
Typical Bond Premium: This bond is based on risk assessment using personal credit score and years in business.
Surety on the Rocks: Red Sangria 2 bottles of red Spanish table wine 1 cup of brandy ½ cup triple sec 1 cup orange juice 1 cup pomegranate juice ½ cup Simple Syrup Slices of orange and apple, blackberries, pomegranate seeds Mix all ingredients together and let stand in a tightly sealed container or pitcher for at least 24 hours in the refrigerator before serving.
Tags: Bond, Bonds, CA Immigration Consultant, California, commercial surety bonds, get a surety bond, Immigration Consultant Bond, immigration consultants, surety, Surety Bond, surety bond definition
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Surety On The Rocks
CALIFORNIA CONTRACTOR'S LICENSE BOND Recently in the state of California there was an enforcement of the law that all contractors must be licensed and bonded. At this time it was reiterated to the clients the importance of hiring only contractors that have an active license and bond. You might question why you need to be bonded. The bond is required to ensure that active, reactivated, and new licensed contractors have the ability to cover any damages your client might encounter as a result of poor construction. It also ensures your employees are paid wages that they have earned. In California all home improvement jobs that will cost over $500 in labor and materials must be completed by a company with a state issued contractor's license and therefore they must be bonded. These jobs can not be divided up into smaller contract's to bypass this law. At BuySurety.com we are able to get a contractor license bond quote quickly for you. All we require is that you fill out an application on BuySurety.com and fill in your license number. With a clean license, we can get a fair and competitive quote for you within a few business hours. Requirements from the state are:
The Spicy Spiked Cider
- The bond must be written by a surety company licensed through the CA Dept of Insurance. – At BuySurety.com we only work with surety company's that are licensed in all 50 states.
- The bond must be in the amount of $12,500 – This will increase to $15,000 on January 1, 2016.
- The business name and license number on the bond must correspond EXACTLY with the business name and license number on the CSLB's records. – If it does not match exactly it is imperative that you contact the CLSB and make the proper changes before you purchase your bond.
- The bond must have the signature of the attorney-in-fact for the surety company.
- The bond must be written on a form approved by the Attorney General's Office.
- The bond must be received at the CSLB's office within 90 days of the effective date of the bond. – In most cases we are able to file the bond electronically for you.
The Spicy Spiked Cider
- 1 part Cinnamon liquor – I prefer Fireball
- 2 parts Apple Cider – Trader Joes offers a great cider this time of year
- Apples and cinnamon sticks
- Cinnamon and Sugar
- Garnish with an apple slice
InstructionsWarm your apple cider on the stove. Dip your glass in some simple syrup and rim with cinnamon and sugar. Add you Fire ball and a couple chunks of apple to your glass. Pour your warm cider over and garnish with an apple slice. Perfect to enjoy on a cold fall night.
Tags: Bond, Bonds, California, commercial surety bonds, get a surety bond, license bonds, small contractors, surety, Surety Bond
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Foreign Labor Consultants in California Get Bonded
The hopes is that this new legislation will help the state to control the rampant use of illegal immigrant workers and at the same time protect casual labor from exploitation by unregistered foreign labor consultants.
Contractors Told to Get BondedOnce passed, California Senate Bill 477 will require all foreign labor consultants to register with a state agency. Part of this registration will include the payment of a surety bond based on the contractor's projected annual income. State agencies will then post the names of all foreign labor contractors that have applied to get bonded as part of their registration. Employers can use this site to ensure that contractors they hire for casual labor are registered and bonded with the state. Hiring of unregistered foreign labor contractors can result in penalties for the employers as well as the contractors.
Penalties for Using Unregistered ContractorsOnce passed, this legislature will ensure that anyone who wishes to hire foreign casual labor can do so knowing that the contractor they work with has been registered with the state. The surety bond that the contractor has posted will ensure that workers have a way to bring their grievances to the state for illegal practices such as paying fees to a contractor for hiring them or charging housing and other illegal costs to the foreign laborer.
Get Bonded with BuySuretyWhile not every state requires foreign labor contractors to get bonded, it is a good idea for anyone considering this type of business to check the local requirements. BuySurety can provide surety bonds such as Employment Agency Bonds, License and Permit Bonds or even a Registration Service Bond, depending on what your state requires from your business. With over 20 years of experience and nationwide coverage, BuySurety can provide the kind of surety bond you need to get bonded quickly and stay within the law. Contact our helpful customer service through our website now and find out just how fast and easy it is to get bonded today.
Tags: California, commercial surety bonds, contract bonds, get a surety bond, get bonded, license bonds, Performance Bond
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California Immigration Consultant Bonds Increase in July
new set of immigration consultant requirements that the state has implemented recently. These changes include the increased use of background checks for anyone who wishes to be licensed in California as an immigration consultant and an increase in the immigrant consultant bond from $50,000 to $100,000. The surety bond must be filed with the Secretary of State and the renewal of the bond must also be filed prior to the expiration date of the bond.
Qualifying for an Immigration Consultant BondThis new increased surety bond amount is part of the state of California's interest in verifying anyone who works as an immigration consultant. Those who fulfill the requirements get their license and post the immigration consultant bond will be listed on the website of the California Secretary of State as an accredited immigration consultant. There are a few reasons why anyone who is otherwise qualified for the position would not be verified by the state. These include:
- Being convicted of a felony
- Being convicted of a disqualifying misdemeanor
- Failing to disclose an arrest or conviction
Filing Your Immigration Consultant BondQualifying for an immigration consultant bond is fast and easy if you use an experienced surety bond company like BuySurety. We have been supplying immigration consultant bonds, performance bonds and every manner of government required surety bond since 1998. Our friendly and informative customer service people can help you to find the surety bond you need quickly, get qualified and make sure you are bonded correctly and on time. Don't take chances with something as important as your immigration consultant bond. Contact BuySurety and get bonded today.
Tags: get bonded, license bonds, post a surety bond, surety legislation
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Agriculture Dealer Bonds Protect Food Industry
Over A Million Dollars in ProduceDrobnick Distributing, Inc. may have contracted to purchase 55 lots of produce for just a little over $1.4 million. The problems began when they never did get around to producing the payment. The farm that the produce was bought from, William Consalo & Sons brought suit against the company when they failed to make the promised payments. Because of the actions of the USDA and the violations of the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act committed by Drobnick Distributing, the company will not be able to do business in the produce industry. It is banned until March 12, 2016. If they should at that time decide to reenter the business, an agriculture dealer bond will be required to be posted by the company.
agriculture Dealer Bonds ViolationsWhile this is by no means the only company to be banded, the large amount of the unpaid contract makes it an outstanding one for the USDA this year. However, every year companies that contract for perishable produce and fail to pay when they are delivered are banned. Most contracts are in the tens of thousands of dollars, unlike the action against Drobnick Distributing. None the less, because the growers have little recourse to recoup losses when the companies do not keep up their end of the contract, agriculture dealer bonds are often required of any company that has a history of leaving the growers unpaid.
Get Yourself Bonded FastWant to ensure that your side of the bargain is not the only one kept? Requiring an agriculture dealer bond as a condition of signing can help with this in the perishable agricultural industry. Any contract that is signed should be a guarantee of delivery of payment. However, getting the contract bonded as well will help to keep both parties protected. Why take chances with your next contract? Get yourself bonded and require it in your contracts. Use BuySurety to ensure that the surety bond you require is as solid as your own word. BuySurety has been providing agriculture dealer bonds and every other kind of surety bond you can name for over two decades across the country. Get bonded with BuySurety and be sure.
Tags: Agriculture Dealer Bond, California, contract bonds, get bonded
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text:
Onions – Great Remedy For Bronchitis
Young children are most susceptible to smoking and bronchitis , which, if inadequately treated, can irreversibly damage the entire respiratory system.
Bronchitis is an inflammatory disease of the lining of the lower respiratory tract, usually caused by viruses, but it can cause the bacteria. Although it is not a life-threatening disease, it is necessary to consult with the doctor who will, depending on the origin of the disease, determine the appropriate therapy. It is more common in young children and smokers, and if they are not applying adequate treatment, takes a long incurable and leads to changes in the bronchi. In doing so, except that assumes a chronic form, causing a constant cough, creates a new tendency to diseases of the respiratory system.
How to distinguish it from the cold?
The main symptom is cough bronchitis, and usually present in the case of the common cold, it is initially difficult to set a proper diagnosis. Patients usually complain of pain behind the breastbone, fatigue and loss of appetite, the temperature is elevated and usually ranges between 37.2 and 38 degrees, but falls a few days.
How is it treated ?
Bronchitis is treated much like a cold , with increased fluid intake , sleep , a healthy diet that will strengthen the immune system , ventilation of rooms , teas. If it is a viral infection , antibiotics are not needed, while in the case of bacterial inflammation necessary to introduce this type of medication. If the time and in the right way treated, acute bronchitis does not leave consequences.
The most serious complications of bronchitis eating pneumonia, or pneumonia. If this occurs , treatment requires antibiotics , often a combination of several drugs . In younger and healthy people takes about a week, the elderly and chronically ill patients and longer , sometimes even requiring hospitalization …
Therapy onions
Essential oil , onions which gives a specific smell , natural solvent mucus ( mucolytic ) , and in addition facilitates expectoration and has an antibacterial effect. This healthy vegetable is most effective when eaten raw , but it is so powerful that it gives results even just inhaling his scent.
Clean and wash the large onion and cut it with a knife in the shape of a cross , to a depth of 5-6 mm. The enamel pot to pour half a liter of water and put the onion and cook it over low heat (just to boil ) as long as half of the water evaporates . When cooking , the pot should not coincide . The resulting tea will have a brownish color and flavor sorbet . Drink before and after breakfast and lunch , a cup of the last taken before bedtime. During the first week to drink three times a day, morning and another at night, and only the third in the evening before going to bed .
Vitamin cocktails
Against bronchial inflammation helps carrot juice or a cocktail of 3 dl carrot juice and 1 dl of beetroot juice and cucumber . A beneficial effect and a cocktail of 2.5 dl carrot juice and 2 dl celery , grated horseradish and topped with fresh squeezed lemon juice (take one tablespoon 3 times a day) . A mixture of honey and lemon juice , if taken every hour is a useful remedy for bronchitis. Smoking and stay smoke-filled rooms can't advise .
A mixture of herbs and honey
Spoon mixture of equal amounts of anise , marshmallow leaf and thyme to cook for two minutes in 3 dl water, leave to stand for 10-15 minutes, then drain. Well sweeten with honey and lemon juice . Drink a cup of hot tea before each meal .


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Going down in history: Buying weed is worth standing in line for hours
Why wait in a 300-person line in the burning sun holding your 22-month-old son for hours on end?
"To be a part of Washington history," Chris Carothers said, holding Calix underneath a red umbrella to provide some shade.
Carothers was one of hundreds of people who gathered in line at Cannabis City to partake in the first day of legal recreational marijuana sales in Washington.
Most weren't sure what strain of pot they wanted to buy or exactly when they were going to smoke the product, but they knew one thing: It was sure worth it to wait in line all day if they could buy legal recreational weed on the first day such a thing was possible.
Friends Sierra Avea, Kimberly Butcher, Sandy Lane and Paulette Guilbault traveled from Bremerton to be part of the festivities — which turned out to be hundreds of customers patiently waiting in line, tired from the heat but excited to get inside.
Thirty-one-year-old Guilbault, a veteran who recently retired from the military, said it was about personal freedom.
"It's a good time to enjoy the freedom that I used to fight for," she said.
Others in line were students on summer break, retired couples and one man visiting from Las Vegas, who said he just happened to time his trip well.
"i never thought I'd see it in my lifetime," said 63-year-old Mike Alan, who said he'd been smoking marijuana since 1968.
Cannabis City expected between 2,000 and 5,000 customers on the first day of its operations. Store security allowed about five customers at a time to enter the small shop, where owner James Lathrop happily signed customers' bags.


text:
Blue Hens Softball hosts Special Olympics Athletes for Clinic
Apr 9, 2014, 10:35 PM EDT
The University of Delaware softball team took a break from its rigorous practice and game schedule on Tuesday night to give back to the community, hosting a softball clinic for more than 35 Special Olympics athletes from the Newark and Wilmington Area programs.
"Working with the Special Olympics softball teams was a lot of fun," UD head coach Jaime Wohlbach said. "Sharing the laughs, passion for the game, and celebrations of skills in the field was a rewarding experience. It was a big win for everyone involved."
The athletes are practicing for the Special Olympics softball tournament that takes place June 6-7 at the annual Summer Games, held on the University of Delaware campus and Handloff Park in Newark.
Softball is a Unified sport, which pairs athletes with Unified partners (peers without disabilities) on the same team for competition.
- #CAASports Close-Up With Giovanna Kolofer
- CAA Weekend Preview - April 28-30
- Hofstra's Concannon & Byrne Nominated For Tewaaraton Award
- #CAASports Close-Up With Casey Golden
- UD & CofC's Fuenfstueck Headed to NCAA Regionals
- Talcott, Straume Earn Tennis MOP Honors
- Triple #CAAChamps Weekend Photo Recap
- CofC's Fuenfstueck Headlines Golf Awards
- NU's 2V8 Named Boat of the Week
- Murphy Named Associate Commissioner For MBB


text:
Hello and welcome to Raring2go!
Our website is packed full of things to do and places to go for you and your family. Our What's On Guide will tell you about events near you, whilst our KidsZone will keep little ones entertained when you can't get out and about! Whatever the weather we have plenty to keep you all busy. If you're looking for mealtime inspiration or the kids fancy some baking take a look at our Recipes.
We have fantastic competitions and discounts available exclusively to members. Becoming a member is FREE and easy to do-what are you waiting for-JOIN NOW. We are not just a national website, if you localise using your postcode when at home or holidaying in the UK we will be there!
We love receiving unique content that is of interest to our readers-if you would like to contribute to our Articles section please email us at email@example.com to submit your work. For more information on this please read THIS
Our local magazines are distributed across the UK, if you haven't seen one let us know and we can point you in the right direction!
If you are interested in featuring your business with us here online at Raring2go! or on our monthly e-newsletters get in touch, and you can add your family friendly events for FREE right HERE.
Raring2go! KidsZone
Over the weekends and holidays there are always times when your children need some chill out time, or to fill an hour or so, or they say the dreaded 5 letter word - BORED! Well, our KidsZone is here to rescue you and them from these moments. Full of puzzles, colouring in sheets and activities from films and programmes there is lots to keep busy!
Become a member today!
Becoming a member of Raring2go! is quick and simple, and even better - it is FREE! For a couple of minutes of your time signing up you will be rewarded with a national and local newsletter monthly, as well as being eligible to take advantage of our members only discounts and competitions! What more do you need? Sign up today!
Write for Raring2go!
Do you want to have your voice heard, do you have something to say, be it funny, serious or helpful hints and tips? We love having contributors articles and blogs online. If you think Raring2go! is the right place for your work to be seen we would love to hear from you. You can read more about what we are looking for in our article by clicking here
Go Ape Competition
Join the Adventure - Imagine going into school and telling your class you have just won them ALL a trip to Go Ape! What a great treat for 2017 that would be. We have teamed up with the lovely people over at award winning Go Ape to give 4 classes the chance of winning a class trip to a Go Ape venue. Live Life more adventuously - our challenge to you
Spiced lamb with couscous salad
This is a very simple, but delicious meal, hot or cold.
Go to feature
Easter Activities
I can hear you all now-"agghh the kids are off school for two weeks! What are we going to do?"
Go to feature
Spring Activities
I had a think about spring and all the fun things we can do to teach our children about the season
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Review of Gotrovo Treasure Hunt
A review of the Gotrovo Treasure Hunt Game. See what one family thought of the game...
Go to feature


text:
The Human Resources Department trusts the following links will be helpful to employees. If there are additional links that employees would like to have available, please contact Christy Landon at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Henry County Public Schools
PO Box 89583300 Kings Mountain RoadCollinsville, VA 24078
Henry County Public Schools, a high-performing school division, provides all students with an exemplary education in a safe, supportive environment that promotes self-discipline, motivation, and excellence.
Site Map


text:
Gorilla Mindset is an entire system that, when coupled with specific mindset shifts and habits, will change the way you think, feel and live your life.
Applying Gorilla Mindset to your life (make no mistake, this is an audiobook you must apply) will improve your health and fitness, lead to more money and career advancement, and help you have deeper, more meaningful relationships (or more casual ones; it's your choice).
Your thinking will become clear. You will have more focus. You will know exactly what steps to take to change your life.
More importantly, you will be able to troubleshoot your own life - what psychologists call auto-regulate - when something goes wrong.
For the first time ever, there is a complete system for you to live by, and more importantly, to improve and adapt to your needs. Some chapters will revolutionize how you live your life where as others might not apply to you at all.
Gorilla Mindset is not an audiobook of theory. These are all practical steps - mindset shifts you take or habits you form.
There are chapters on routine, self-talk, frame, focus, state/mood, mindfulness, and body language. Each chapter contains techniques, mindset shifts, and habits that can be applied to your life.
Yet each chapter forms part of an entire system to apply to your life. The chapters all feed off of and add to one another.
For example, improving your self-talk will improve your state or mood. How you frame challenges in your life is also a matter of the language - or self-talk - you use.
Getting in the moment improves your self-talk just as your self-talk helps you get into the moment.
At the end of Gorilla Mindset you'll tie every concept together to live the life others don't even dare dream of.
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Not really new info and poorly performed
I liked that Mike set out to write the book first off. Many people want to do this type of thing yet never really get around to it. So, congrats to Mike for getting it done. Much of the content is rehashed self-help concepts packaged in a macho, in your face delivery. It would probably would have been pretty good except for the poor audio quality and the obvious slip ups in pronunciation. I find it hard to believe that these mistakes were not edited out. I will still follow Mike's blog called "Danger and Play" because he does have some very interesting insights. But, this book sounded like a low-budget first effort.
- Sean Coen
Essentials of mindset & lifestyle in one book
I first found Mike through his flagship blog, Danger and Play, around a year ago. I got some great information from the blog (and his podcast) on TRT, lifting and general lifestyle advice. I've used many books and courses over the years for mindset & self-improvement, so I was eager to see Mike's approach to packaging all of this stuff into his own program.
Much of the information in Gorilla Mindset was familiar to me; the power of focus & state control, affirmations, the mental-physical connection, importance of morning routines, etc. This stuff is tried and true, the foundations of any good self-improvement program. As a lawyer working in financial services, I can also personally attest to the quality of his recommendations on savings and investment.
Mike's value-added here is that he's distilled massive volumes of information into his own concise program that gives you the best information and the essentials needed to master your mindset and take control of your life. He gives credit to others where it is due, but he's also provided top-notch info that was totally new to me. In particular, his recommendations on supplements and the interview with the anti-aging doctor, Dr. Brett Osborn, were totally new to me. I've already begun implementing some of those recommendations.
Mike delivers all of this great information in his own voice, which is one of my top criteria for an audiobook. There's no substitute for hearing the words straight from the author's mouth. He gives it to you straight, no BS, but he doesn't try to puff himself up as a superhuman badass that you'll never be able to match. He's relatable and based, which helps convey the message that anyone can succeed by putting this stuff into practice.
My one critique is mainly stylistic. I like the whole 'Gorilla' branding thing, but I feel like that could've been integrated more into the substance of the book. I want to be a freakin' Gorilla, Mike.
All in all, great purchase that I would recommend to any man. Especially if this is your first foray into taking control of your mindset and lifestyle.
- Jay


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Dr. Robert Mikelonis MD Patient Reviews
- Family Medicine Erie, PA
Overall Rating
4 Patient Reviews
- Wait Time 15 minutes
- Easy Appointments
- Promptness
- Friendly Staff
- Fair and Accurate Diagnosis
- Bedside Manner
- Spends Time With Patients
- Appropriate Followup
Showing 1 - 4 reviews
4.0 of 5
October 23rd, 2015
Dr. Mikelonis always spends quality time with my husband and myself. He has a dry sense of humor and is always courteous and always has time for our questions and doesn't hurry us. He is quick to order tests when we have concerns and has always solved our problems.
5.0 of 5
January 27th, 2015
Hes very real, more like a friend. Funny, makes you feel comfortable.
5.0 of 5
February 18th, 2013
Extremely intelligent and accurate with diagnosis. Knows about perscription medicine usage and never over perscribes. Has great sense of humor and good bedside manner.
5.0 of 5
July 11th, 2011
I have found Dr. Mikelonis to be one of the most knowledgeable diagnosticians and caring physicians that I have ever met.
Nearby Doctors
Dr. Robert Mikelonis, MD is similar to these 3 Doctors near Erie, PA.
Erie, PA


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Jason Butler is President of Butler Financial Services, LLC and has over 17 years' experience in the financial service field. He is graduate of Northwood University with a degree in Business Administration. Proudly registered as an investment advisor representative, he holds a Series 66, and 7 securities registrations through LPL Financial, as well as, his life and health insurance license through the state of Michigan Department of insurance and financial services. Jason is involved in many civic organizations and boards. He is currently Vice Chairman of the St. Johns board of Parks and Recreation, Member of the St. Johns Principal Shopping District/Downtown Development Authority, and President of the Clinton County Arts Council. During his spare time Jason enjoys traveling, golfing, bowling and the occasional craft beer.
Treasurer: Tammy Butler
Members: Kelly Bitz and Tom Webb
Jenny spent over 30 years in education, teaching and then in administration her last 22 years. As an administrator she developed and coordinated programs for students as well as for teachers, writing and receiving state and federal grants along the way. Jenny is also president of the St. Johns – Konan Friendship Society, which coordinates an annual exchange of elementary student art between St. Johns and Konan, in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The exchange just celebrated its 20th year. Jenny is also a board member of the Michigan-Shiga Sister State Board, and she serves on the St Johns Murals and Sculpture sub-committee in St. Johns. Residence: St. Johns; age in her 70s.
She and her husband are the co-managers of the Clinton Northern Railway Museum branch of CCAC. They have both enjoyed learning about the history of this area and of the rail cars. Jenny uses her skills in organizing programs to create exhibits and events at the depot every summer; including field trip experiences for pre-school through elementary students. Gary uses his unusually strong talents of special visualization and mechanical understanding to give detailed explanations of how the old steam trains worked as he takes people of all ages through the rail cars. He also has a great sense of humor, entertaining the visitors as he enlightens them. Gary and Jenny are supported tremendously by a crew of 9-10 men who are on their 7th summer voluntarily restoring the rail cars, and by a group of 5-6 women who volunteer their services to raise the funds needed for the restoration.
Bill was born and lived in Detroit; eventually moving to Dearborn to be close to his father's work. He received degrees in music from both Western Michigan and Michigan State Universities. He taught public school instrumental music for 36 years – the last 34 of those years as the Director of Orchestras for the St. Johns Public Schools.
While teaching, Bill served on state and district MSBOA & MASTA boards, holding several different leadership positions, also serving on the Michigan Youth Arts Festival board from 1976 – 2013. He is currently on the staff of Blue Lake Fine Arts Camp where he has held positions as a Staff Conductor, Camp Director of the Family Suzuki Camp, and as a Scholarship Representative. Bill was the State of Michigan Orchestra Teacher of the Year in 1986 and the State of Michigan String Teacher of the Year in 1997. In 1991, he created, organized and ran the first MASTA String Chamber Ensemble Festival, which is still going strong.
Bill was a founding member of the Clinton County Arts Council and headed a committee to build the Performance Shell in the St. Johns City Park. He currently leads a committee that runs the Concert in the Park series. He headed up the Entertainment Committee for the St. Johns Sesquicentennial in 2006, which has since lead to the renovation of the historic Wilson Center Auditorium, a project that Bill still leads. He is currently on the St. Johns School Board, being elected in 2004, serving as President for 10 of those years.
Molly is excited to join the CCAC as its Executive Director. A recent graduate from Michigan State University, she completed a degree in the Residential College in the Arts and Humanities with a second major in Public Policy. While at MSU, she was selected to join the Michigan Semester in Government Program. Through this program, Molly interned with the Arts Council of Greater Lansing. It was here she discovered her interest in arts administration.
Originally from Petoskey, Molly grew up attending, and volunteering for, local art fairs. Having always enjoyed creating art, she was a part of her school's advanced art program and enjoyed sewing with her local 4-H club. She also loves travel, having been to the UK, Ireland and Germany, and multiple states in the US.
Molly is excited to be in Clinton County, surrounded by her friends and family. As a passionate advocate for the production and enjoyment of local art, she hopes to grow with the CCAC and its talented artists.
Mary embarked upon her artistic journey at a very young age. Born in Seattle but raised in Grand Rapids, MI, Mary first took formal art lessons in elementary school. As a child she constantly drew what she observed around her.
After graduating Central High School she continued her art studies first at Western Michigan University and then at Michigan State University, where she double majored in art and psychology. After graduating from MSU, she earned a BFA with honors and moved to Laingsburg, MI. She broadened her education and experience by studying art history in London and earned a Masters degree in Professional Studies/Art Therapy from the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York. Mary's work has been exhibited at the Petoskey Art Show, the Alpena Art Show, Design 309, the Lansing Art Gallery, shows in Flint Art Museum, and Saugatuck.
Mary draws her artistic inspiration from nature, personal relationships and children. She believes passionately about the transformative power of art. For her, art is the ultimate expression of being. Mary's mission is to share her love for the healing power and beauty of art to as many people as possible, young and old alike and spread the joy of experiencing art to her community. Her greatest wish is to encourage and inspire creativity in others, so that they may enhance the quality of their lives.
Debi has lived almost her entire life in St Johns. She's been employed at Jackson National Life for 20 yrs. Growing up, she has fond memories of time spent on her grandparents' golf course, Twin Oaks. She has three wonderful boys and one grandson. Her and her husband, Jim, love to travel. They have taken several cruises and snowmobile Michigan and Minnesota trails. Debi started her Fruits of the Spirit-Herbal Tea business while recovering from a back fusion. After she discovered the benefits of herbal medicine, she loves sharing it with others. Her tea blends are currently sold locally as well as merchants in Romeo and Harrison area.
Charlotte Voisin and her husband, Paul, have lived in St. Johns for 45 years. She is retired, having worked 30 years in the Diocese of Lansing as an educator, an outreach minister to the home bound, and most recently as an editor for a widespread Catholic publication. She is a proud MSU Social Science graduate and has a MPS (Masters of Pastoral Studies) from Loyola University, New Orleans. Her interest in the Arts is marked by many years of music education and appreciation as well as "behind the scenes" association with many of the drama productions of SJHS when her daughters were students and participants. CCAC is a delightful way to become acquainted with many local artists and to have access to their fine work as the display it in our Gallery or present it to our community.
Tracie has been working as an artist professionally for 7 years. In 2009, she founded a business making art for children. Recognizing that children are bigger in personality than physical size, she dubbed her business "tiny by design". Her venture quickly grew from wall art to murals. She has painted many murals throughout Michigan, including a recent public work in the Lansing Mall.
In 2016 Tracie is credited with designing, coordinating and installing a community mural at the Spray Park in St Johns, MI. In this same year, she has also acquired space to open an Art Studio and Gallery in downtown St Johns. Called Whimsical pARTy Gallery, her space focuses on introducing people to the fun, whimsical side of art.
Tracie's work can be seen at Clinton County Art Gallery, Keys to Creativity Art Gallery, Studio Retreat and Art Gallery and Whimsical pARTy Gallery. She lives in St Johns with her husband, Dane and two children.


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Benji Gets Branded (Pokemon Puzzle League: The New Adventures)
227,141pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
Benji Gets Branded is a Pokemon Puzzle League: The New Adventures episode.
- Benji suddenly gets a headache. So Arielle, Rikochet, Helen, Flea, Jade, Lizzie, his father, Mr. Douglas, Lone Star, and Mr. Flea have to do his chores.
- Benji
- Arielle
- Rikochet
- Helen
- The Flea
- Jade
- Lizzie
- Benji's Father
- Mr. Douglas
- Lone Star
- Mr. Flea
Part 1
- (We see


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You missed it This great deal for The Butterfly Zoo is over. But don't despair, we've got more great deals every day.
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The Butterfly Zoo
Spot Butterflies Big & Small at This Popular Spot
76% recommendedin LivingSocial customer ratings
If your kids can't stop talking about the butterflies they saw hatch at school -- or they can't stop complaining about their friend who got to do so -- a visit from to this enthralling butterfly haven could be the perfect summer excursion:
• $13 (regularly $27) for admission for three
• $175 (regularly $445) for a summer season pass for one adult and one child
• 30'x60' screened greenhouse features hundreds of tropical butterflies flitting about
"The butterflies are beautiful and the tour guide was personable and informative. It's a rare and special experience. I recommend it for anyone, but especially for kids."
- Yahoo Reviewer
A Winged Adventure in Tiverton
Not only does this gorgeous locale feature tons of live butterflies of all shapes, sizes, and colors; the informative guides can talk to you about how to plan your own butterfly garden, how to preserve or collect specimens, and how to identify which butterflies are which when you see them out in nature.
PAID VALUE EXPIRES ON April 28, 2022
PROMOTIONAL VALUE EXPIRES ON September 10, 2013


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What you'll need to open an account
By bringing the documents you'll need with you, you'll save time and have your new account opened in no time. Whether you are a new or existing EBS customer, to open a new savings account you will be asked to provide:
- Personal identification documentation – such as a valid passport or valid driver's licence. You must bring an original, not a copy.
- Proof of your permanent address – for example, a current utility bill, dated within the last six months (Gas, ESB, landline phone), bank statement, motor or home insurance renewal document. Again, documents must be originals.
- Proof of your PPS number
If you are opening a children or teen savings account you will need to provide the above documents for yourself and the following for the child:
- Personal identification documentation – Birth certificate, passport or your passport if they are named on it.
- Address identification for the child – for example, your recent utility bill or bank statement.
- Proof of the child's PPS number
If the child does not live with you, we will need a utility bill from the parent or guardian who lives with the child and a note signed by them stating that the child lives at that address.


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World Socialist Web Site www.sw.org
US stock market slide: a turning point in American and
world politics
By the Editorial Board
20 March 2001
US stock market investors suffered their greatest ever one-week losses during the week of March 12-16. The Dow Jones Industrial Average experienced three sharp declines in five days, includinga drop of over 400 points on Monday and a 227-point drop on Friday, with a total weekly decline of 821 points a loss of 7.70 percent. The S&P 500, a broader average of Wall Street stocks,showed a 7 percent decline, while the high tech-dominated NASDAQ index fell 8 percent.
The Dow Jones index fell below the 10,000 mark for the first time in six months, while the NASDAQ index plunged below 2,000 for the first time in three years. Since its March 2000 peak, the NASDAQ has fallen 63 percent, the biggest percentage drop in a major US stock index since the 1929 crash. Over the same period the Dow is down 16 percent and the S&P 500 down 25 percent.
Measured by the amount of paper value wiped out, the financial debacle in the American stock exchange is already among the worst in history, with no indication that a bottom has been reached. BusinessWeek magazine reported in its market watch column that there were hopes on
Wall Street that a support level for the NASDAQ would be found at about the 1,350 mark indicating a further 500-point decline in the high tech index was widely anticipated, whichwould bring the total plunge to 73 percent.
The combined losses on the NASDAQ and the New York Stock Exchange topped $4.6 trillion by the end of the week, nearly five times the losses from the October 1987 Wall Street crash. The NASDAQ by itself has fallen from $6.7 trillion in March 2000 to $2.7 trillion. The sheer magnitude
of this decline is staggering. The $4.6 trillion in losses is:
* Greater than the entire publicly held federal debt
* More than the combined Social Security and Medicare trust funds
* The equivalent of the world losing the economies of Japan and South Korea
* The equivalent of the United States scrapping its auto, steel, electrical machinery and oil industries, all at once
*The equivalent of the loss of the entire housing stock of the United States
* Two to three times the total value of Bush's proposed ten-year tax cut
* 1,000 times the amount that Bush would cut taxes this year, in the name of providing a stimulust o the economy and offsetting the threat of a recession.
So rapid was the collapse in share values during 2000 that US household wealth saw its first net decline since the federal government began keeping such figures in 1945. Every postwar recession has only slowed the rate of increase in household wealth. But with more than 60 percent of US household assets now accounted for by the stock market, the NASDAQ-led slump produced a 2 percent drop in 2000.
The high-tech bubble
The driving force of the financial crisis has been the collapse of the speculative boom in high technology stocks, mainly those related to the Internet, computers and telecommunications.
According to one study, nine of the eleven industrial sectors that make up the S&P 500 actually saw at least a modest rise in stock prices over the past year. But the two sectors that lost ground, high tech and telecommunications, were enough to push the overall index lower by 25
Another analysis, published in the New York Times March 18, gauged the high-tech collapse by calculating how long it would take selected stocks to regain their peak prices if they enjoyed annual increases of 15 percent well above traditional rates of return. By this measure, Intel
would take seven years to regain its top price, Cisco Systems would require 10 years, Microsoft six years, Oracle and Sun Microsystems nine years and Yahoo! no less than 20 years.
The financial deterioration of Yahoo! a company with enviable name recognition, a huge Internet audience, and $1.7 billion in cash on hand demonstrates how rapidly the crisis has developed and how deep is its impact. The company's market capitalization has fallen from $150
billion a year ago to under $10 billion, as its stock price has plunged from $250 a share to $17.
Three months ago Yahoo! management forecast first quarter revenues of $320 million. Now they are estimated at $170 million to $180 million, of which $117 million was already committed before the quarter began. The Internet portal thus obtained only $63 million in new sales. While Yahoo!
took in $459 million in sales from other dot-coms in 2000, this is expected to fall to only $111 million in 2001.
Two weeks ago, company chairman Timothy Koogle resigned as CEO, with no replacement immediately named. In the wake of his resignation, the financial press carried reports that Yahoo!, Cisco Systems, Intel and other NASDAQ stalwarts had engaged in a practice known as
"pro forma" reporting of financial results, in which the figures released to the public arbitrarily exclude certain obligations. In the case of Yahoo! and Cisco, the companies did not report the payroll taxes due for their employees a huge expense that would have made their balance
sheets much worse.
Even now Yahoo! may be grossly overvalued, since its stock was still selling at 140 times earnings. All the companies on the NASDAQ index combined were selling at 172 times earnings. If their stock prices fell to the typical historical level of 20 times earnings, the NASDAQ index
would fall to about 170 compared to 5,048 in March 2000.
The impact on working people
It is hard to overstate the implications of this colossal financial liquidation for the American working class and middle class. Of the $4.6 trillion already vaporized and trillions more which
are at risk much of it constitutes the life savings of tens of million of working people. Millions are discovering that their 401(k) plans, which have become a widespread substitute for guaranteed pensions, will no longer sustain them in a decent retirement. Three-quarters of the
funds held by 401(k) plans, about $1.7 trillion, are invested in the stock market. Other people have lost savings set aside to buy a new home, finance their children's college education, or protect against the threat of a major illness.
TIAA-CREF, the teachers' pension fund, which is the largest institutional investor in the stock market, reported a 21 percent gain in its holdings in the fiscal year that ended March 31, 2000. When TIAA-CREF closes the books on the current fiscal year, some 250,000 retired teachers,
college instructors and other professionals will experience a sharp movement in the opposite direction.
In 1999, as the bull market reached its zenith, the net worth of American households rose 14.1 percent. Douglas R. Cliggott, a strategist at J. P. Morgan Chase, told the New York Times: "It influenced the size of the homes we live in, the type of cars we drive, how we go on vacation.
Because of the extraordinary improvement in the average American's net worth, it made us feel comfortable carrying what by historic standards would have been an extraordinary amount of debt."
It is a paradox that explains much of the political character of the 1990s that, side by side with soaring paper values on the stock market and rising corporate profits, both consumer and corporate debt increased astronomically. The 1990s boom was fueled by a borrowing binge that
leaves the entire financial structure of the country poised on the edge of a precipice.
Consumer debt has doubled since 1990, to $7.5 trillion more than $50,000 per household, over $25,000 for every man, woman and child in America. Much of this has involved homeowners taking out home equity loans to finance consumption, pay other debts, or gamble in the stock
market. In 1982 homeowners owed lenders 30 percent of the market value of their residences. By 1999 this figure was up to 46 percent.
During the 1990s, the ratio of household debt, including mortgages, to disposable income rose by almost 25 percent. The average American family now has debts that exceed its average after-tax income. This debt is unequally distributed in a manner diametrically opposite the
distribution of wealth. The top ten percent of the population own over 70 percent of the national wealth, while the bottom 90 percent of the population, with less than 30 percent of the wealth, owe 70 percent of the consumer debt.
In corporate America as well, the 1990s has been an era of growing debt topping $10.6 trillion by the end of 1999. By and large, companies have been unwilling or unable to finance expansion and new investment by issuing new stock, for fear that this would dilute the holdings of
shareholders and cause a decline in the price. Rather, corporations have gone into debt, even borrowing money on the financial markets to buy up their own stock and boost its price.
The result is that instead of the traditional trade-off of equity and debt, with debt decreasing during a boom and swelling during a downturn, most companies have seen their debts increase during the stock market boom. The present financial crisis, let alone any severe and prolonged
recession, will mean corporate bankruptcies on a vast scale with predictable effects on jobs, benefits, pensions and living standards generally.
A global slowdown
The financial crisis in the United States has incalculable consequences for the world economy. This year marks the first time in a quarter century that all three of the main centers of world capitalism the United States, Japan and Western Europe are simultaneously experiencing an economic slowdown. In the case of Japan, stagnation has been protracted throughout the 1990s, since the collapse of the "bubble economy" in 1989-90. This financial debacle, triggered by the collapse of inflated real estate values, is now being widely compared to the puncturing of
inflated stock values in the US.
A Washington Post editorial last week pondered whether the US
economic decline would be V-shaped, U-shaped, or "a Japanese-style L."
The US and Japanese crises are intertwined, since Japanese banks and corporations are heavily invested in the US securities and bond markets, as well as dependent on the United States as their leading export market. Japanese concerns own $350 billion in US Treasury bills, and even
larger amounts of corporate stocks and bonds, as well as $150 billion in direct investments, more than any other country except Great Britain. There have been reports of Japanese banks unloading billions in US stocks in order to improve their balance sheets before the Japanese
fiscal year ends on March 31.
A Japanese sell-off of American assets, sparked either by declining US stock prices or financial pressures within Japan itself, would depress stock prices even further. It would also depress the value of the dollar, since Japanese companies would have to convert dollar-denominated assets
into yen in order to repatriate them. A falling dollar would undermine the ability of the Federal Reserve to cut US interest rates, or even force it to raise rates to prevent investor flight from the US currency.
Economic growth in the European Union is now estimated at 2.8 percent for 2001, down from previous projections of 3.3 percent, as the slowdown in the US and Japan takes its toll, and Germany, the most powerful component of the European economy, experiences both an acceleration of inflation and a fall in its real growth rate. Auto sales in Germany fell 12 percent.
Eight of the nine largest European stock exchanges have seen lower prices since the beginning of the year, with most of them down over 10 percent.
Social and political consequences
The onset of a sharp financial crisis in the United States, and a more general global economic slowdown, will inevitably have the most profound consequences for the social and political stability of the major capitalist nations. The series of announcements of major layoffs in the US
has already shaken consumer confidence, demonstrating once again that job security is a thing of the past for even the most skilled and highly paid workers.
Any significant increase in the US unemployment rate will confront millions with the consequences of the policy changes of the past two decades, in which social programs that once cushioned the impact of the capitalist business cycle have been abolished or largely gutted. Millions of people, especially the masses of low-paid service and contingent workers, will be thrown on the economic scrap heap with no social safety net and no personal resources to fall back on.
Equal to the material impact of the financial crisis will be the shattering of illusions so assiduously promoted by the media and ruling class opinion makers over the past 20 years, and especially in the decade since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The American people have been
told incessantly that capitalism is the only credible form of economic organization, and that the unrestrained domination of giant corporations and the "market," backed by central bankers like Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan, would guarantee an ever-rising level of prosperity.
Now capitalism is revealing its ugly face, in the gross misallocation of resources and the sheer irrationality of a system that piles up trillions for the corporate elite, while wiping out the retirement savings of millions, bankrupting small businesses, and depriving countless workers
of their livelihood. As the crisis deepens, working people will inevitably reject the claims that all concern for social justice and equality must be subordinated to the imperatives of the market.
Growing numbers will look for an alternative to the profit system and turn to the development of a mass political movement directed against it.
Back to Main News Page
Zimbabwe's white farmers call for urgent dialogue with government
Business Report - http://www.busrep.co.za
March 21 2001 at 08:17PM
Harare - Zimbabwe's white farmers banded together Wednesday and pledged to
work with the government to resolve the nation's land reform crisis, after
an apparent split within their ranks over the violence-wracked scheme.
The farmers reaffirmed their support for their union's current leadership,
expressed their "absolute commitment" to negotiating with the government,
and pledged to work to find a solution to the land reform crisis.
"We walked in there apparently divided," said Malcolm Vowles, spokesman
for the mostly white Commercial Farmers' Union (CFU).
"It was just a realization that they (farmers) have a lot more common
ground than in the media hype," he said of the meeting's outcome.
The special CFU congress came after more than a year of bloodshed in
Zimbabwe's countryside linked to the forcible invasions of hundreds of
white-owned farms by self-styled veterans of the nation's liberation war.
More than 34 people died in political violence last year in Zimbabwe,
while thousands more were beaten, raped or intimidated.
In hopes of ending the violence, former CFU president Nick Swanepoel ran
advertisements in local papers last week urging farmers to drop all
opposition to the scheme to resettle poor blacks on five million hectares
(12 million acres) of white-owned land.
His plan called for dropping all legal action against the government and
immediately moving 20,000 families on to plots of two to five hectares (five
to 12 acres) each, providing them with free tillage, fertilizer and seeds.
He has also suggested changing the CFU's name and voting in a black
president to lead the group.
After their meeting, the CFU remained silent about its new proposals for
ending the crisis, but adopted none of Swanepoel's recommendations publicly.
The union did ask Swanepoel to work with a team of negotiators in dealing
with President Robert Mugabe's government, of which Swanepoel is considered
a supporter.
"Commercial farmers re-confirmed their absolute commitment to urgent
dialogue with government, without preconditions, and to assisting in the
successful, orderly implementation of land reforms," said a statement
released at the end of the meeting.
"Delegates strongly endorsed new proposals, expressing unity of purpose
and support for the CFU pragmatic new thinking and vision," the statement
Farming officials declined to elaborate on the new proposals, but
participants in the meeting said they were reluctant to adopt all of
Swanepoel's plan, especially his call for abandoning their legal struggle.
"We farmers are not willing to waive our legal rights on the hopes of
getting better relations with the government," one farmer said. "We believe
that our legal rights are the strongest ground we can stand on."
Most farmers were willing to speak only on condition of anonymity, for
fear of reprisals from war vets if their comments are viewed as
The farmers have already won a Supreme Court ruling declaring Mugabe's
land reform plan unconstitutional and ordering the squatters' eviction.
But rather than following the court's order, Mugabe's government has
heaped pressure on the judges who handed down the decision and cracked down
on the independent press.
Despite the union's statement in favor of dialogue, the government has
already said it is not willing to negotiate with the farmers.
Farming officials said they could not predict how Mugabe's government
would react to the outcome of their latest offer to negotiate.
Back to Main News Page
Railroad to Jail in Terrell...Part II
March 21, 2001
Dr. Ridgely A. Mu'min Muhammad
Nelson Bogans was sentenced today in Dawson, Ga. for 15 years on the
charge of burglary and is to serve 2 years in jail and the remaining term on
probation. He must also pay the court $3,500 and pay Snook Rainey $385 in damages. And this is how we "milk our cows" in Terrell County Georgia. In light of the moneys being generated through the court system for this one case, I wonder how much of the total county's budget is coming from "railroading"?
Oh by the way, Mrs. Bogans has paid the defense lawyer $4500 and now must spend
between $5,000 and $8,000 for another lawyer to appeal this case of an innocent man
being railroaded. Can we afford to stay out of jail in Terrell? For more on his story see:
and poem at: http://muhammadfarms.com/here_in_terrell_county.htm
Back to Main News Page
Gun Shots heard outside Sumter Hospital
March 20, 2001
By Dr. Ridgely A. Mu'min Muhammad (email@example.com)
Why are some so-called white people so angry? Why do Black people have to live their lives in constant fear of violence? Why can't Black people protest quietly and peacefully without being accosted and threatened?
Protesters lined up starting at 9:00 A. M. today, Tuesday, to protest the expulsion of Dr. John Marshall from Sumter Regional Hospital. To get an overview of the circumstances of his case see: http://muhammadfarms.com/Doctor%20crucified.htm . A rally was held at Bethesda Baptist Church on Monday where the announcement was made by the Concerned Citizens of Americus and Ministerial Alliance that "this boycott is on."
Mr. Fred Walker said, "Being in that hospital 17 years and working there one night a week, I can say that he has not mad one mistake about the racism there. He is getting too close to the truth."
Rev. A. C. Wilson stated that, "I have a problem when a lawyer can say that there is no racism in Americus, Ga."
It seems that Rev. Wilson was correct in his concerns about racism in the "All American City" of Americus. Carrying signs with slogans like, "There is racism behind those walls", "Stay out of Sumter Hospital", "Marshall in and Adams out", and "Poisoned with racism" peaceful protesters numbering between 8 and 17 walked back and forth on the sidewalks of Mayo and Oglethorpe streets. Oglethorpe is the "main drag" through downtown Americus, which has marketed itself as a tourist attraction due to its proximity to the home of former President Jimmy Carter and is the headquarters for "Habitats for Humanity".
Numerous vehicles passed with occupants given a thumbs up or honking in approval. However, a few "angry" white people gave "the finger" and some hurled insults and curses at the men and women who braved the rain and cold to express their love for a black doctor.
A middle aged white man in a four wheeled pickup truck with a rebel flag on the front was heard to say after being told that he protest was over a black doctor being expelled from the hospital, "Let him go back to barber school and learn to cut some hair."
These insults took on a more ominous tone, however, at around 2:45 P.M. when according to Mr. John Cole Vodicka a red pickup truck had passed and he heard two shots fired. He could not say whether the shots were fired from that truck or form elsewhere. No one was hurt and the protests continued.
It seems that Rev. Ferrell-Malone's words were prophetic when he said on Monday night, "When you raise the flag, you will get some attention. It seems Americus and Sumter Regional Hospital may get some unwanted attention as a result of protests and calls for a boycotts until Dr. Marshall is reinstated.
For pictures of the rally and marchers go to: Protest March at Sumter Regional Hospital on March 20
Back to Main News Page
USA: FDA investigates StarLink allergic reactions in humans
20 Mar 2001
Source: just-food.com editorial team
Despite widespread concern over a possibility that genetically engineered crops could cause human health problems, there has been little evidence that this has occurred. But in a move that could have severe ramifications for the biotech industry, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is investigating several cases of allergic reactions to StarLink corn in humans.
The health complaints about the biotech corn are the first lodged by consumers against an engineered food. The cases emerged after several people reported reactions to tacos shells and most recently in corn dogs.
The genetically modified corn had only been approved for animal consumption because of concerns it might trigger dangerous allergic reactions in people, but the corn was inadvertently mixed with corn destined for the human food supply. At that time federal and industry officials emphasized that no significant health hazard was involved to humans from the corn.
Aventis CropScience,which markets the corn, argues that that StarLink could not cause severe, or even minor, allergic reactions, and that the corn is safe. The company says that the quantities of StarLink in processed food are too small to cause allergic reactions and that its research showed that the Cry9C protein was destroyed during the production process for food such as tacos. The company has been pushing for its approval for human use despite recalls of food containing the StarLink corn last year.
The FDA is currently testing blood samples from people who have suffered an allergic reaction to the corn, but researchers have warned that the test will not give a definitive answer. If the test is negative it will provide a boost to the biotech industry as it may prove that genetically engineered food is safe to eat.
Karl Klontz, a medical officer with the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, said the test would determine whether the people had produced antibodies to the genetically modified protein in StarLink corn, called Cry9C, which protects plants against the European corn borer.
"The presence of the antibody would suggest the possibility of an allergic phenomenon, and the lack of the antibody would go a long way to reassure that there is no allergic issue," said Klontz.
Back to Main News Page
USA: Industry watchers concerned over food poisoning incidence increase
19 Mar 2001
Source: just-food.com editorial team
Despite the myriad of technological advances that claim to have make food safer and that have practically eradicated incidence of tapeworm and botulism, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention believe that the average American is now more likely to contract food poisoning today than they were fifty years ago.
According to the agency's figures, incidences of serious gastrointestinal illness have increased by 34% since 1948 and now the US records that food poisoning is responsible for 5,000 deaths, 325,000 hospitalizations and 76 million illnesses
every year. Disease researchers have also expressed concern that while cases of less serious bacteria such as salmonella are on the decline, more damaging illnesses caused by, for example, E coli infection, have doubled since 1996.
Food variety brings new bacteria
The increasing cases can be attributed in part to better reporting by sufferers, but the reasons for this plethora of poisonings is manifold, say experts. Improper handling of food may be a problem, but one major reason concerns what we eat. Increasing consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables can bring with it increasing exposure to bacteria or viruses. Many assume that meat and poultry are the major culprits of food poisoning incidents, but these products are generally well policed by the USDA and The General Accounting Office estimates that 85% of food poisoning comes from the
popular US dietary staples: fruits, vegetables, seafood and cheeses. Precooked food also harbors more bacteria than more traditional home cooking.
Consumers often first to test product safety
The variety of foods has increased beyond the regulatory scope of the national food safety watchdog, the Food and Drug Administration. More food is subject to post-retail recalls now than in any time over the last ten years, and officials
admit that they simply don't have the time or resources to inspect every food item.
Since 1997, the body of 113 federal inspectors that deal with food imports has increased by just three employees. Foreign food items meanwhile have increased by 50% in a similar time scheme. Little surprise then that the FDA can only actually inspect less than 1% of all imported foods.
Onus on industry for self-regulation
Indeed, the entire FDA employees less than a tenth of the food safety inspectors under the umbrella of the USDA, and the onus is falling increasingly on food manufacturers to keep products safe. Currently, just over 400 FDA inspectors police over 57,000 food processing plants across the US, leaving the average plant subject to inspection once every eight years.
The industry is adamant that things are safer than they have ever been, with better surveillance and traceability speeding up the process of finding the cause of any poisoning outbreak. Smaller companies cannot always afford to run safety
tests themselves however, and some maintain that FDA checks are essential. Furthermore, as waves of consolidation turn the smaller companies into giant corporations, the reach of contaminated food is spreading.
Not every scientist agrees that food poisoning has increased since the immediate post war years, but as technological systems improve, any food related illnesses are becoming less excusable.
Back to Main News Page


text:
D.C. health plans to include gender-reassignment surgeries
They still have that dang pesky DNA that says what they really are. But with liberals it is all about what you feel you are.
Check it out:
D.C. Mayor Vincent C. Gray on Thursday announced that the city will recognize gender dysphoria as a medical condition, forcing insurance companies to cover treatments such as gender-reassignment surgery for transgender people.
The coverage extends to all D.C. residents with group or individual health insurance — including the roughly one-third of city residents receiving Medicaid benefits — whose doctors diagnose the condition and for whom treatment is deemed medically necessary.
"This action places the District at the forefront of advancing the rights of transgender individuals," Mr. Gray said at his ceremonial office at City Hall. The District joins California, Colorado, Connecticut, Oregon and Vermont in requiring the coverage, which the federal government will not be made to offer to its employees.
Transgender activists applauded the move, saying it guarantees coverage for treatments such as gender reassignment surgery that can cost tens of thousands of dollars and which have been denied by insurance companies that deemed the procedures cosmetic.
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text:
Kitchen News
Come join us for Soup Suppers this Lent.
Each Friday of Lent beginning February 12, 2016 we will be having a Soup Supper after the Stations of the Cross. Come join us for some wonderful soups and invigorating conversations. The Stations will be at 5:30 on First Fridays followed by Mass. The Soup Supper will not follow on First Friday. On all the other Fridays of Lent the Stations will begin at 6:00 p.m.
Specifically, that means that we've done a lot of work to bring our kitchen up-to-date... and now we need our parishioners to utilize our refurbished kitchen.
- Pancake breakfasts
- Spaghetti dinners
- Fish and chips
- Bake sales
- Your creative ideas
Please contact the parish office if you have any thoughts about the use of our kitchen and cafeteria for fundraising activities. We have a newly refurbished tool... let's use it!


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Jan 30, 2007
|Filing date
|Dec 19, 2001
|Priority date
|Dec 29, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Arthur Koschany
|Original Assignee
|Manhattan Scientifics, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (3), Classifications (24), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of German Application No. 100 65 269.7 filed Dec. 29, 2000 and PCT/DE01/04803 filed Dec. 19, 2001.
The invention relates to a fuel cell arrangement including a fuel cell current source, peripheral units and a controlled hydrogen source associated to the fuel cell current source, based on the hydrolysis of a hydride, and furthermore including an electronic control circuit for controlling the fuel cell current source, this circuit exhibiting at least one terminal for an operational signal, and including an electronic control circuit for controlling the hydrogen source, this circuit exhibiting at least one input terminal for an operational signal of the control circuit of the fuel cell current source and at least one output terminal connected to the hydrogen source for control signals with the help of which the operational state of the hydrogen source can be influenced; the invention relates furthermore to a method for the operation of the fuel cell arrangement.
The fuel cell arrangements to which the invention relates can consist of one or several fuel cells, in particular connected in series in the form of a fuel cell stack, with peripheral units such as valves, fans, control means for influencing the output power etc. For their operation gaseous hydrogen is required.
It is known per se to use hydroborons as hydrogen source, wherein metal ions serve for charge compensation. The best known hydride used for this purpose is sodium borohydride NaBH4; it is, however, also possible to use LiBH4, Al(BH4)3, Mg(BH4)2 etc. These substances can be used dissolved in aqueous, preferably slightly alkaline solution, but also in other suitable solvents. The hydrolysis of the hydride is started by the presence of a catalyst or by an acid medium. In this connection reference is made to the article by Schlesinger et al. "Sodiumborohydride, its Hydrolysis and its Use as a Reducing Agent and in the Generation of Hydrogen", in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 215–219. It is also known to use such substances as hydrogen source for fuel cells.
For generating gas from a liquid as a result of a catalytic reaction, it is further known to control the reaction by means of the gas pressure above the liquid level and the thus resulting displacement of liquid away from the catalyst into vessel departments with lower gas pressure. In this way, the liquid is displaced from the area of a catalyst bed by means of the pressure of the generated gas if the gas is not required and thus not discharged; afterwards, when the gas is discharged, the liquid returns and gets again into contact with the catalyst bed. Such a control system, however, is relatively sluggish and insensitive to various reaction parameters which have an influence on the operation.
Such reaction parameters which have an influence on the reaction speed are e.g. the temperature and the state of the solution. The amount of catalyst and the size of the reaction space have to be adapted to the most unfavourable conditions. However, this can lead to a non-controllable over-production in the case of favourable conditions, i.e. a to high reaction speed.
Advantageously, both the fuel cell current source and the hydrogen source are controlled by means of electronic control circuits. The current source provides a current adjusting itself, supplied to a load such as an incandescent lamp, or e.g. for the operation of a vehicle it gets a power demand signal by a control measure of the vehicle operator. The gas generation in the hydrogen source has to be timely adapted to the fuel requirements of the current source and consequently has to follow it in the case of changes.
By means of the invention the possibilities for a proper control or regulation are to be provided.
According to a first step of the invention this is done by means of a fuel cell arrangement which is characterized in that the output terminal of the control circuit of the fuel cell current source is coupled to the corresponding input terminal of the control circuit of the hydrogen source either directly or via intermediate links. Thus, it becomes possible that the hydrogen source is controlled directly in dependence on the current requirements on the fuel cell current source, which relates to an external signal or simply to the resistance of the connected load. Furthermore, an increased hydrogen consumption is caused during flashing of the anode space of the fuel cell current source with hydrogen in order to remove inert gases which had diffused into the space and to remove water accumulations, or during a momentary short circuit of one or several fuel cells which is caused intentionally by the control circuit of the fuel cells in order to regenerate these fuel cells. Since the predictable occurrence of these events is signalled to the control circuit in time, the control circuit can adjust the required hydrogen production accordingly. Apart from this soliloquy-like control, as a second step of the invention also a dialogue-like control of the hydrogen source and the current source is possible in that the control circuit of the hydrogen source has at least one output terminal for an operational state signal of the hydrogen source and the control circuit of the fuel cell current source has at least one control input terminal for this operational state signal connected to said output terminal, and by means of this signal influences the control of the fuel cell current source and/or of its peripheral units. Thus, it is possible to control also the operation of the fuel cell current source by the operational data of the hydrogen source. Finally, according to a third step of the invention it is also possible that the control circuit of the fuel cell current source has a control input terminal for a power demand signal and the control circuit of the hydrogen source has a control input terminal for a gas flow demand signal and that these two control input terminals of the two control circuits are coupled together. In this case of a power demand signal to the current source, this signal via the hydrogen source control circuit also controls the hydrogen source, which can react very quickly as a result.
Due to this cooperation of the control circuits it is advantageous if both control circuits are located on one and the same board and possibly use only one common microprocessor. For starting, both systems, i.e. the current source and the hydrogen source, require external energy from a start battery. Also here it makes sense if only one single battery is used for both systems. During the operation these then get the electrical energy for the pump, valves and other units from the power generated by the fuel cell current source. Preferably, the hydrogen source comprises a tank for a liquid containing the hydrolysable hydride and is provided with devices which cause the hydrolysis in a controlled manner, in particular by catalyst beds or by the use of acid mediums such as phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid or hydrochloric acid. In the case of such acid mediums the choice of the acids is based on the following three aspects: as small as possible mass and small volume for the delivery of the required amount of hydrogen ions, for safety reasons low degree of acidity, however sufficient for the reaction, and the avoidance of non-soluble final products.
When using catalyst beds, the construction is preferred where different individual catalysts beds are arranged in separated reaction chambers which via individually controllable valves can be included in a circuit of the hydride-containing liquid. By means of such a division of the entire reaction space into several individually loadable chambers is it possible in the case of a relatively fresh solution and high temperature as well as relatively low deviation from the desired pressure in the gas chamber to use the reaction chambers with small catalyst bed, and in the opposite case to use the reaction chambers with large catalyst bed and in borderline cases to use all reaction chambers. The pressure in the vessel can thus well be kept under control and surplus pressures, which would be critical for the vessel and the control of the output pressure, or lack of pressure, which would be critical for the fuel cell, respectively, no longer occur.
The hydrogen source consists of several bulky components such as reaction chambers, filters, hoses, valves, a pump and the electronic control means. In order to be in command of the size and to create insensitive structures it is preferable that the tank has a housing which during operation is filled up to a predetermined level with the hydride-containing liquid and above this level contains a buffer gas volume wherein, if present, the separate reaction chambers and their valves as well as a pump in the tank housing integrated into the circulation of the hydride-containing liquid is arranged above or below the liquid level, and wherein, surrounded by the buffer gas volume, the electronic control circuits, a gas outlet device with a valve and a droplet filter as well as a pressure sensor which is connected via a data line connection with the control circuits and possibly further components are arranged in the tank housing above the liquid level. Due to this integration within the tank housing they only occupy their actual volume whereas the space in between is fully utilized.
Further details, advantages and developments of the inventions can be taken from the following description of preferred embodiments under reference to the drawings. The drawings show:
The fuel cell arrangement 1 includes as main components a current source in the form of a fuel cell stack 10 and a hydrogen source 11. In a manner known per se, from these two units 10 and 11 parameters are to be read and the operation is to be controlled, for the purpose of which the arrangement comprises an electronic control circuit 12 for the fuel cell stack and an electronic control circuit 13 for the hydrogen source. Both electronic control circuits 12 and 13 are located on a common board and coupled together as is symbolized by a control line 14 in the drawing. Matching of the two control circuits in relation to each other is provided for in that, depending on the collected electric current on the one hand and on the other operational parameters on the other hand, the generation of hydrogen is matched to the consumption of hydrogen which consumption is essentially proportional to the collected current. Deviations from the proportionality can occur due to flushing or momentary regeneration short circuits. It makes sense to hand over these events to the control of the hydrogen source as well.
The hydrogen source 11 is formed as a tank with a housing 19 which is closed with the exception of openings for the conduits and circuit wires, in which housing an aqueous solution of NaBH4 is contained up to a level 21. Via a suction pipe 22 a pump 23 revolves the solution 20 by sucking in the solution below the level and returning it to the tank reserves via a catalyst bed 28. The catalyst causes hydrolysing of the NaBH4 in the solution, thus producing on the one hand hydrogen gas and on the other hand sodium borate, i.e. a water-soluble inert salt. Different materials are suitable as catalyst, e.g. ruthenium, cobalt or Raney nickel.
The catalyst bed 28 is divided into several separate reaction chambers 29 each of which contains a different amount of the catalyst and is connected to the exit of the pump 23 via a respective valve 30. By controlling the pump rate of the pump 23 and the valves 30 as well as in dependence on parameters such as the NaBH4 content of the solution and temperature of the solution, the gas generation is adjusted to the present and to the predictable future demand.
The generated gas fills the volume 31 in the housing 19, which serves as buffer gas volume. In this buffer volume 31 the pressure can be chosen higher than is required by the fuel cell. By delaying the end of the hydrogen generation when the current collection is suddenly stopped, on the one hand, and by delaying of the start of the increased hydrogen generation in the case of a sudden higher current collection on the other hand, the pressure of the volume 31 rises or falls, respectively, thus causing the buffer effect. The delays result from the time required until the solution is pumped into the reaction chambers 29 or removed from them, respectively, which in part occurs by draining and in part is carried out by reverse pumping by the pump 23. Moreover, it is not possible to pump out all the solution since due to the capillary effect some of the solution is absorbed by the catalyst bed. This solution will complete the reaction in any case. At the gas outlet there is a pressure reducer 32 in the form of a proportional valve for the final adjustment of the pressure, which valve is controlled by a valve control 33 corresponding to the guidelines by the control circuits 12 and 13.
At first, apart from the water vapour the generated gas contains small droplets from the solution, too. These droplets are alkaline and would be suitable to poison the membranes in the fuel cell stack 10. For this reason, the hydrogen gas is conducted through a filter 34 which consists of a mechanical fine filter and a downstream ion exchanger. Finally, the hydrogen gas is given off at a gas nipple 35, having the pressure necessary for the required gas flow.
The pressure variation range in the buffer gas volume advantageously can amount from 0.5 to 10 bar. In order to determine this value a pressure sensor 38 is located inside the housing 19 which sensor communicates the measured value to the control circuit 13. Furthermore, there is a temperature sensor 39 which communicates the temperature of the solution 20 to the control circuit 13. Both measured values are part of the control strategy.
The various components of the gas generator such as the pump 23, the catalyst bed 28 with the reaction chambers 29, the valves 30, the pressure reducer 31 with the valve control 32, the filter 33 and the sensors 38 and 39, pipe and hose connections between these elements and furthermore the control circuits 12 and 13 are located in the housing 19 of the tank of the hydrogen source 11. Thus, towards the outside it is a closed housing with several connections whereas the bulky parts are all located inside the tank and in particular above the level 21 in the gas volume 31. The gaps between these bulky parts thus serve as buffer volume or liquid storage volume.
From the electronic control circuits 12 and 13 a number of measuring and command data lines depart, which are in part shown only schematically and not all of which are provided with reference numerals. Such lines are shown on the one hand from the sensors 38 and 39 to the control circuit 13 and on the other hand from this control circuit 13 to the pump 23, the valves 30 and the valve control 33. The control circuit 12 which controls the gas flow and the cooling in the fuel cell stack 10 receives signals from a power sensor 41 which signals provide information on the current and voltage at the output terminals of the stack 10, as well as a power demand signal from the command unit 3. The power sensor 41 is shown schematically as a sensor which supplies a current signal and a voltage signal, however also a simple current signal is enough. The power demand signal from the command unit 3 is also fed to the control circuit 13, likewise the data from the power sensor 41. Via the control line 14 the two control circuits exchange further data which lead to interpretable results. Due to this input into the control circuit 13 the gas production can be adjusted precisely and quickly by means of the pump rate and the choice of the reaction chambers.
Once the solution is used up, which results in a too low hydrogen pressure, the fuel cell stack 10 has to reduce its output power and to switch off completely as soon as a lower threshold value is reached since otherwise the danger arises that some cells receive too little hydrogen, which might lead to irreversible damage to the cells.
Due to the measuring of the amount—in ampere seconds—of charge given off since the last new filling of the tank with fresh solution, the system is able to calculate and display the still available energy reserve. Therefore, when the tank is filled with fresh solution, a corresponding start signal has to be given to the electronic circuits 12 and 13.
Depending on the temperature in the volume 31 the generated hydrogen also contains water vapour. In principle, this is advantageous for the fuel cells in the stack 10 since it prevents the drying out of the membranes. The moisture content of the hydrogen, however, varies greatly with the temperature which is low at the start and later amounts to 50 to 70� C. for example. With the variation of the moisture amount the optimal operational temperature of the fuel cells varies as well. Therefore, the control circuit 13 of the hydrogen source communicates the temperature in the tank to the control circuit 12 of the fuel cell stack so that the desired operational temperature of the stack is adjusted.
A further variation on the arrangement of
Due to the arrangement shown also the various reaction chambers 29 become superfluous. As a result, the control system as a whole is simplified, nevertheless, however, the communication between the control circuits 12 and 13 is of advantage.
In a way which is not shown in the drawings the control of the current collection can also be carried out externally, e.g. by a clocking. Here, typically into the power circuit a MOS-FET (transistor) is integrated which is triggered via PWM (pulse width modulation) and in the rhythm of pulse and pause becomes conductive and blocks again; it makes sense if these components are not located in the tank since they require external cooling.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 29, 1982
|Mar 13, 1984
|Engelhard Corporation
|Control system for hydrogen generators
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|Dec 13, 1994
|The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.
|Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis of hydrides for undersea vehicle fuel cell energy systems
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|Jan 14, 1997
|Ball Corporation
|Portable hydrogen generator
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|Af Sammer Corporation
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|Seijirau Suda
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|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Fuel gas generation system and generation method thereof
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|Nov 25, 2003
|University Of Central Florida
|Portable hydrogen generator-fuel cell apparatus
|Jan 12, 2001
|Sep 20, 2001
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho
|Hydrogen generating method and hydrogen generating apparatus
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|Jan 9, 2002
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Fuel gas generation system and generation method thereof
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|Zentrum F�r Sonnenenergie- Und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-W�rttemberg, Gemeinn�tzige Stiftung
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|Schlesinger et al.; Sodium Borohydride, Its Hydrolysis and its Use as a Reducing Agent and in the Generation of Hydrogen; Journal of the American Chemical Society; vol. 75, No. 1; pp. 215-219; Jan. 5, 1953.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 14, 2007
|Nov 20, 2008
|Qinglin Zhang
|Hydrogen generation systems and methods
|Oct 18, 2007
|Apr 23, 2009
|Qinglin Zhang
|Methods and devices for hydrogen generation
|Oct 18, 2007
|Apr 23, 2009
|Mohring Richard M
|Methods and devices for hydrogen generation
|U.S. Classification
|429/421, 429/430
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 27, 2003
Owner name: MANHATTAN SCIENTIFICS, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KOSCHANY, ARTHUR;REEL/FRAME:014434/0150
Effective date: 20030712
|Mar 17, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 21, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8