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Is this attraction good for big groups (greater than 5)?
Is this attraction good for small groups (less than four)?
Is this attraction suitable for adults only?
Is this attraction free to the public?
Is gratuity suggested at this attraction?
Would this be a good rainy day activity?
Is there food available at this attraction?
Is a car required to access this attraction?
Is this attraction accessible using public transportation?
Is this attraction closed during certain parts of the year?
Thanks for helping!
An Irish pub
We'd already eaten dinner and were looking for some entertainment and after dinner drinks. After nixing two other unsatisfactory pub venues in the area, we decided to stop here...
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3 Days in Toronto
Guide to Toronto Outdoors
Guide to Toronto for Families
This place is one of my favourite places to go to. Friday and Saturday nights there is always live bands that are playing which get very entertaining. There is never a cover fee and always an awesome crowd. When patio season is open its a good place to enjoy patio as well. Very recommended!
Was happy to see the specials. We were able to get some cheap drinks and half price appetizers. That was the Plus. The service was not good. The waitress forgot my order then later charged us full price for what should have been half price. Took almost 20mins to get a correct bill. The washroom was dirty and filled with...
We'd already eaten dinner and were looking for some entertainment and after dinner drinks. After nixing two other unsatisfactory pub venues in the area, we decided to stop here because they had a live band playing something other than head-banger noise. There was no cover charge.
The bar was out of all the good tequilas, so Hubby ordered a shot...
This is a great pub for cover bands, kareoke, and cheap eats. They have a lot of selection on their menu, but the best is the specials. We went on Friday night for their fish & chips deal, only 5.99 for the plate, although you have to buy a pop. Still, a meal for under $8 is great. The atmosphere...
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The ILL service can borrow or obtain:
Undergraduate Students:
Faculty, Graduate Students, and CASL Honors Students:
We cannot borrow:
Costs for ILL Requests
Faculty and Staff
Questions? Please contact us at: email@example.com
Launched in September 2016, the Talent Gateway is a campus-wide, innovative program, which puts students in the driver's seat, so they can leverage what they are already doing and launch themselves on a trajectory of creative thinking that will serve them well in life and work.
The Talent Gateway Online Community connects students with resources, experiences, and people designed to enhance their personal, academic, and career success.

subset: commoncrawl


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Clearing Clogged Sink, Tub, Shower and Toilet Drains
The City Wide Group daily clears plugged and clogged kitchen, laundry and bathroom drains with prompt service, modern technology and equipment and professional, efficient, trained plumbers. We will remedy your unpleasant emergency situation without adding to your stress or breaking your budget.
City Wide Group plumbing experts understand the causes of blockages in sink, tub, shower and toilet drains and how to repair or renovate clogged drain lines to leave you with a free flowing drains and an immaculately clean environment.
Sources of Household Drain Blockages
All non-functioning or slow moving drains are caused primarily by a clog or blockage stopping the outward flow of water in the way it was designed.
Commonly in kitchens, backups result from food scraps and grease poured or exiting with draining water down the drain. In-pipe buildups occur and these get more and more obstructive over time. Even when hot water may dissolve and move grease along the pipes, it will eventually cool and solidify, beginning the clogging process.
Bathroom drains in sinks, showers, tubs and toilets also back up due to obstructions- generally from hair, cosmetic products and paper products. Where waste water from the toilet is involved it is fundamental to act promptly so that contamination is minimized and a fully functioning toilet is restored to the home.
City Wide Group Clears All Drain Types
Whatever equipment or technique is required, the City Wide Group is your best contractor to repair or replace, if necessary, all types of drain blockages. A cleared, free-flowing drain is our promise to you. Call the City Wide Group 24/7 for rapid response to any and all blocked drain and sewer emergencies.


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Stanley Furniture Narrows Net Loss in Third Quarter
November 5, 2010,
STANLEYTOWN, Va.--Stanley Furniture reported a net loss for its third quarter of $4.9 million, compared to a net loss of $5.1 million for the third quarter of 2009.
The company was able to reduce its loss through expense controls. Selling, general and administrative expenses were slimmed by 16.3 percent, while cost of sales were down 9 percent. Glenn Prillaman, Stanley's president and chief executive officer, said the decline in expenses resulted from the company's efforts to restructure its business--which included the transition of its Young America product line to all-domestic production, improved operating efficiencies at the company's plant in Robbinsville, N.C., and transition of the Stanley adult product line from a partially domestic to a completely global-sourced model.
Prillaman added that the company is on track to cease manufacturing at its factory here in December, which may reduce Stanley's fourth-quarter sales and increase its operating loss due to operating inefficiencies stemming from the winding down of production.
Other Articles By Author
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Sweet Spot for Housewares


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Pro Strongman, Pro Wrestler and now IFBB Pro Bodybuilder Jon Anderson pops in to discuss his quick ascent to the top of the bodybuilding world.
And later, don't miss ASK DAVE and Stump the Jumbo!
Palumbo and Aceto recap the latest happenings in the world of bodybuilding-- Phil Heath leaving MuscleTech to start his own supplement company, results from the IFBB Tournament of Champions, and the latest guest posings from Flex Lewis and Evan Centopani.Plus, find out what bodybuilding enigma is rumored to be entering this year's NPC USA Championships?Bill Llewellyn, author of ANABOLICS-- the most popular book on steroids, growth hormone, and other PEDs-- calls in to talk about muscle growth, fat loss and his patented X-Factor supplement. Find out what the latest study shows!And, stay tuned for an extended ASK DAVE and STUMP THE JUMBO this week!
Palumbo and Aceto recap the IFBB Chicago Pro. Was contest winner Roelly Winklaar back in top form? Can he break the top 5 at the Mr Olympia contest looking like he did? How good was 212 champ, Charles Dixon? What happened to pre-contest favorite Hide Yamagishi?Plus, NPC Team Universe wrapup and analysis of all the winners and losers. How good is MW and Overall Champ RD Caldwell? Now that he's an IFBB Pro, where does he go?Interview of the Week: The Incredible Story of Derek Upshaw! How he went from common street thug to sitting in a jail cell to turning his life around and focusing on his true passion-- bodybuilding. Find out where the new IFBB Pro intends to compete next!


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Going through a very stressful period in my life. The psychological pressure is immense.
I apologize for not answering all your feedback messages on time.
Thank you all for faving some of the things I make!
I appreciate it very much!
|I don't think of myself as anything actually. I just like to involve myself in certain stuff. Whether they are liked or hated or they suck for some reason or other, I don't care. I just do whatever I feel. Sometimes, successfully, some other times not so. It is up to one's own discretion and perspective.


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Rio Products®
Perception Fly Line$89.95 USD MSRP SHOWING: CAMO
Product Information
Rio's Perception Fly Lines takes presentation and casting to a new level for anglers looking for an edge. The Connect Core technology enhances sensitivity when casting and mending. Strike detection and hook setting is precise andfast. The Sure Fire color system gives fly fishermen additional accuracy and range while casting. Perception Fly Lines from Rio helps you put your fly right where it needs to be. Low stretch Connect Core for greater sensitivity and fast hook sets Tri-color Sure Fire system for guaging distance Designed for greater casting control and feel while casting ...


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Date: 1895-07-05
Description: Infant, identified as Loura, seated in a baby carriage outside of the Bass family home, 131 East Montello Street.
Date: 1905 ca.
Description: View across water towards a rustic wooden walking bridge which is reflected in the water of the Montello River. There is a utility pole with wires in the b...
Date: 1902 ca.
Description: Cary and Everetta Bass with their Christmas tree. Cary holds a toy horn; Everetta holds a doll.
Date: 1869 ca.
Description: Interior view of church from the rear towards the altar, probably Luther Valley Church, originally built in 1863. A steeple was added in the 1870s. The alt...
Date: 1923 ca.
Description: View of Fountain Lake (officially known as Ennis Lake), John Muir's boyhood home near Montello. The area is now a 125-acre State Natural Area. Fountain Lak...
Date: 1900 ca.
Description: Group of children seated on horse-drawn parade float covered in American flags. They are preceeded by a cart with musicians, and are followed by two women...
Description: The printed inscription identifies this view of "Bairstow [sic] Street Montello Wis." It is a view down a sidewalk towards the Methodist Church on the left...
Description: Mrs. McInges and children posing on porch of house.
Description: Charles Matt and his family posing around Mrs. Matt's chair.
Date: 2014-07
Description: View looking down at a bed of water lilies on Fountain Lake. A single bloom is near the center.
Description: A winter view of the dam, left, on the Montello River and ice formations under the shed on the right. The polishing shed of the Montello Granite Company is...
Date: 1908
Description: Rows of granite headstones and plinths arranged in front of buildings at the Montello quarry. A derrick is standing in the background on the left; there is...
Description: A large unripened lemon hangs from a bare branch of a potted lemon tree photographed in a parlor. The tree has lost most of its leaves. A printed inscripti...
Description: A view down one of Westfield's streets.
Date: 1893 ca.
Description: Ada Bass sits in a chair sewing at a table while her daughter, Everetta, lies on a daybed.
Description: Cary Bass standing beside the Bass family home at 131 East Montello Street. He is holding a hoop.
Date: 1905-07-04 ca.
Description: View down hill towards shoreline where a crowd fills a barge which has been fitted with benches, an awning, and American flags for an excursion on Buffalo...
Date: 1904 before
Description: View from below of a small wooden church building standing at the edge of the Montello quarry. In the foreground cables stretch over the quarry hole. The p...
Description: Man, identified as Stevens, and his family posing outdoors.
Date: 1910 ca.
Description: View of the Montello granite quarry grounds shows piles of granite paving blocks. In the background, a team of horses pulls a wagon under an elevated narro...
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Vehicle Technician
Vehicle Technician
Vehicle Technician - Vauxhall Kirkcaldy
At this exciting time for Peter Vardy Ltd, we are looking to appoint a highly motivated experienced Vehicle Technician/Mechanic for our Vauxhall dealership in Kirkcaldy. Your main duties will be to endure that all vehicles are prepared for delivery meeting company standards at all times. You will ensure that work is always to the highest standard as you seek to achieve consistently high customer satisfaction and repeat / incremental business.
Key Responsibilities
· Recover defective or damaged vehicles in line with Service Manager's instructions.
· Carry out testing and diagnostic work, interpreting repair order instructions and technical information.
· Discuss any work requiring specialist skills with the workshop supervisor/controller.
· Plan necessary work and order parts to ensure vehicles are ready as promptly as possible.
· Carry out all service and repair work to company and manufacturer standards, making effective use of time and resources.
· Carry out MOT testing of vehicles and complete necessary paperwork in line with regulations if applicable.
· Accurately report vehicle faults and work carried out, for ease of reference by service reception.
· Train and mentor apprentices when required.
· Maintain work area, tools and equipment in a safe and clean condition.
· Maintain correct warranty procedures in line with defined company procedures.
· Maintain knowledge of technical developments through attending training courses and developmental activities as required.
The ideal candidate should have exposure to working within the automotive industry and be time served.
Person Specification
o Excellent communication skills
o Time served technician
o Previous experience in a similar role
o Technical skills
o Quality focused & Target Driven
o Problem solving and decision making skills
o Customer oriented
o A driver's licence is essential for this role
What makes us different?
At Peter Vardy we offer a highly competitive salary and benefits package, together with the opportunity to join a highly professional team with the exceptional and exciting Vauxhall franchise. We are interested in growing our talent internally and are very proud of our colleagues. Every Peter Vardy colleague is entitled to a wide range of benefits, including:
Peter Vardy Partnership Share Options
Discounts on the purchase of new Vauxhall vehicles + Fantastic BMW vehicle leasing deals
World class incentives – like no other business!
Contributory pension scheme
Award winning training
Childcare Vouchers
Cycle to work schemes
Occupation sick pay scheme
Aftersales discounts
Career development opportunities
Regular activities for the whole family
Giving back opportunities
32 days holiday (including your birthday off!)
Due to a high level of applications only successful candidates will be contacted.Back to listings


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Children's Surgery International partners with local hospitals and conducts surgical mission trips to some of the poorest regions of the world while providing pediatric surgical and medical care to children.
As a humanitarian organization, Children's Surgery International is dependent upon volunteerism and donations from individuals, foundations and corporations. Together with host country partners, they are focused on one goal: improved access to safe and life-changing surgical and medical care for children in need. Volunteers work to build self-sufficiency — bringing hope to children, families and communities around the world, one child at a time.
The client requested a complete redesign of their current site into something more modern, colorful, and aesthetically pleasing that would visually communicate their brand and services.
After approval of design mockups, a custom theme Bootstrap 3 theme was created and the content migration from Drupal to WordPress began. Categorizing blog posts into specific countries was a key feature since they actively blog about their experiences during overseas trips. One of the most delicate features of the project was integrating an Authorize.net payment gateway for donations. After a number of flawless sandbox tests, the gateway was switched live and funds began to flow.
"The new site captures our brand exactly and is so easy for us to maintain! The smooth transition between sites was gracefully done and meeting our deadline of launching right before the trip to Liberia was perfect. Thank you so much!"
— Megan Sparks, Executive Directory at Children's Surgery International


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Venice Gets F'd In Photo
As part of a nationwide movement to get stickers with the f-word printed on them photographed in public spaces, the f-word campaign hit Venice recently. Past photos of the f-word mash-ups -- often featuring the stickers placed over public traffic and parking signs (example, instead of "no parking," a sign might say "no f-ing") -- have ended up in two books: F... The World and F... This Book. A blog, F... This Website, keeps tabs on more recent snipings.
After the jump, see how Venice -- at the intersection of Venice Boulevard and Ocean Front Walk -- gets f-d. (Warning: Features profanity not suitable for children and possibly not safe for work depending, of course, on whether or not you drive a truck for a living).
F... This Website / Bodhi
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Allow yourself to be transported to another place & emerge relaxed & restored.
What's included:
145 per person
Midweek (Monday - Thursday) £145 per person
Weeekend (Friday - Sunday) £160 per person
Offers advertised on Good Spa Guide are created by the spas themselves. Good Spa Guide displays these offers in good faith, but makes no guarantee with respect to pricing, package inclusions or availability.
Gleneagles has a reputation for excellent Scottish hospitality, dramatic landscapes and impeccable design – and it absolutely lives up to the rumours. Play a round at the King's or Queen's golf courses, take lunch at the Michelin starred restaurant and then spend the afternoon drifting in the sublime spa. The gold and bronze wet facilities are separated into individual journeys for men and women, so explore the steam, sauna and ice fountains before meeting up with your spa companion in the unisex vitality pool. There's a dreamy dark relaxation room and 20 treatment rooms to experience ESPA therapies, mindfulness and wellness experiences.View spa review, public opinion and list of facilities
Auchterarder, Auchterarder, Perthshire, PH3 1NF


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If you are techie and always on the hunt for the best and most advanced phone, then Samsung S7 Edge is just what you need. This model is currently one of the best phones that you can buy right now. It is armed with the best and most innovative features such as great battery life, incredible performance and quality screen; plus its new look is incredibly modern and sleek.
Yes, we have seen great products from Samsung but in comparison, none holds a torch to Galaxy S7 Edge. Let's take a closer look;
It is powered by Android 6 Marshmallow with TouchWiz UI. This model comes with a 5.5 inch screen that dips to a slim aluminum frame that runs all around the edges of the phone. It features some incredible specs such as always-on display, 5MP front camera, 12MP rear camera, dual LED flash, GPS, 32GB storage plus a memory card slot, 802.11ac Wi-Fi, 4G wireless data, and a 3,600mAh battery size, all neatly packed into a 157g beast of a machine.
Its volume control and power buttons all remain in the same position with volume control located on the left and power button on your right. SIM and microSD card drawer is on the top edge and a 3.5mm headphone jack, speaker grille, and micro-USB port on the bottom. This makes it easier for anyone looking to upgrade their phone from an older Samsung model – makes the transition easier.
Samsung S7 Edge always-on display uses top of the line technology that enables a user to check time and recent notifications even when their phone is on standby. You can pick which clock, calendar, and image design you prefer for a more personalized touch!
Granted that some people think it unwise for Samsung to scale back their rear camera from 16Mp to 12MP, it has not affected the phones overall camera performance. This model is now able to shoot at faster shutter speeds and lower ISO levels in low-light conditions. Your images will now be less blurry and cleaner. S7 Edge's camera also comprises of a dual-pixel sensor, which means faster autofocus. You no longer have to waste time trying to lock on an image as this model rarely misses focus.
Battery Life
This model comes with a 3,600mAh battery – this is 1,000mAh bigger than previous s6 model! It lasts for approximately 1,122 minutes! Even iPhone 6s cannot compete with it. Watch videos, listen to music, chat with pals, or talk on the phone without having to worry about your phone's juice running out on you.
Other Features
- Comes with an internal liquid cooling system that prevents your phone from heating up and crashing
- You shall have access to Android 6 Marshmallow software
- Onscreen tools and Game Launcher. Game Launcher is a new app that allows you to not only select a game you wish to play but you can also cut that games resolution and frame rate to save battery power. This app also gives you access to in-game floating shortcut controls that allow you to take screenshots, capture video of your high scores, or even suppress notifications
Final Verdict
Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge is an incredible gadget to own. It has upgraded improvements such as better camera, long lasting battery, sleek design, and incredible features that work towards making its performance better.
Its price is a bit steep but thanks to Samsung Galaxy S7 coupons and promo code, you can be able to find deals online that will help you save a few bucks. Some coupon codes shave off up to $100 while others reduce its price down with 10% off for new Samsung customers. All you need to do is enter the Promo Code to receive discount. For best deals of the day, check out groupon.com.


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Bruce Willis' Funny Japanese Car Commercial (Daihatsu Mira e:S)
Bruce Willis has been appearing in a couple new commercials for Daihatsu's Mira e:S. One commercial pokes some fun at the fact that so many Japanese commercials feature foreign celebrities who horribly mispronounce product names:
In the first of the two commercials, the man in charge is explaining that the new Mira e:S is so great it can stand alone in its own commercial. It gets 30.0km/L (about 70.5mpg) and it's cheap – they don't need a celebrity spokesman for that!
He is informed that they've already hired a celebrity. It's Bruce Willis, who is on his way to Japan. As Bruce sits in a first class airplane seat, he practices saying, "the new Daihatsu e:S."
In part two of the series, the boss is informing his crew that the automobile should have the leading role in the commercial. Bruce Willis should only be a supporting actor! Bruce gets on camera and butchers the pronunciation of the company and car name ("Daimatsu Miro uusu"). The boss is highly annoyed. Goddammit Bruce, get it right!
Bruce is obviously in on the joke, because he does a far better job of pronouncing the name of the car in the first commercial.
This is Bruce's first commercial for Daihatsu (a Toyota company). Because he has been starring in Subaru advertisements since the 1990's, this represents a major shift in his brand loyalty.
Here are a few examples of his old Subaru commercials:
And here are some of his old commercials for Ginza Jewelry Maki and Eneos Gas Stations:
- Akihabara News – Gadgetry from Japan (Subscribe)
- Dannychoo.com – Your portal to Japan (Subscribe)


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A German couple who have taken a stand against local neo-Nazis have had their home gutted in a suspected retaliatory arson attack.
Brigit and Horst Lohmeyer have been living in the village of Jamel for over a decade. Neo-Nazis have begun to use the area in recent times for the purpose of political organising.
In response, the couple organised a pro-diversity concert for which they were awarded citizenship prizes by local government and charities.
Frankfurter Rundschau reports that they have since seen an escalation in violence against them from neo-Nazis and their barn has now been torched in a suspected arson attack.
Police investigators who have examined the site say that they believe the barn was deliberately burnt in a bid to frighten the couple.
The couple told the paper: "At about midnight, our barn caught fire. It was burnt to the ground. By the time fire fighters came to the scene, it was beyond help. We are all shocked. We have not slept since."
Germany has seen a rise in far-right activity recently. Last month, far-right extremists clashed with police in Dresden to protest the Red Cross housing refugees in tents in a camp in the city.
In the first six months of 2015 in Germany, there were 150 arson or other attacks that damaged or destroyed refugee shelters, including in Bavarian towns near Erlangen, and accommodation has also been daubed with swastikas and neo-Nazi graffiti.
A German newsreader sparked an international debate about the issue this week after she used her broadcasting slot to speak out against "racist little nobodies" behind the surge in attacks.
She said that they did not speak for the majority of German citizens and called on more people to speak out against Neo-Nazism in the country.Reuse content


text: Progressive enough?(Incomplete) by Byron Dread-i Boshoff published on 2012-02-17T13:46:56Z After hearing so much progressive lately, which artist seem to be churning out by the truckload, I decided to give it a go. Here's what I came up with in a coupla hours. Genre Progressive Psytrance Comment by DeepDream Nice tune 2013/11/06 21:34:40 +0000 Comment by AaRoN Yeah. Solid dude. 2012/02/20 19:17:03 +0000 Comment by AaRoN Ooh Tasty. 2012/02/20 19:16:24 +0000


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Dusk in one of my favourite places on Earth, Venice. There are only 60,000 Venetians that now live in their home city as they can no longer afford the property prices that have become inflated by the influx of rich outsiders buying up the city. So in the winter at dusk many Venetians have to board the Vaporettos to go back to their homes on the mainland and leave La Serenissima to the tourists...including of course me to wander the relatively deserted city at night and marvel at it's beauty. San Zaccaria is the name of the vaporetto stop.
Oil on mdf board, gessoed on both sides.
Oil painting by Mark Harrison
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While this was mildy entertaining—in a vaguely misogynistic way—it serves to illustrate a point. We simply do not expect large men to just suddenly bitch-slap a smaller woman, even if the woman clearly deserves it. I know what you're thinking. No woman deserves this. It's not right! A man should just take one in the ball-sack and shrug it off, am I right? Okay, but that's not the point I'm making here. The point is that when a Trump fan asked a question of Trump by prefacing the question with a disquisition regarding Obama and his Muslim faith, his foreign birth, and his fake birth certificate, Trump simply ignored it, perhaps even agreed with it. That's right, he didn't immediately verbally bitch-slap the impudent and manifestly politically incorrect supporter, instead he said "right."
Can you believe the nerve of Trump? After the deranged unhinged rant which despicably questioned the authenticity of our dear leader, Trump not only didn't correct the man, but instead actually seemed to agree with him, by saying: "right." Now then, you can ask Snopes.com about it and they'll tell you the idea that Obama's birth certificate is a forgery is simply an urban myth. Here's the findings of a six-month long investigation by a group of professional investigators in Arizona who can spot a forgery from a mile away:


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 19, 1989
|Filing date
|Nov 25, 1986
|Priority date
|Jul 22, 1983
|Fee status
|Publication number
|James L. Gula, Daniel E. Schneider
|Original Assignee
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (23), Classifications (7), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 516,392, filed July 22, 1983, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
This inventoin relates to digital computing system bus deadlock prevention and in particular to providing a signal from one bus to the other indicating a completed transaction but without either positive or negative acknowledgement.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Many computer systems are implemented with multiple buses. They are generally interconnected so that one bus is a "master" and only limited types of transactions may be initiated by any of the other buses.
Other prior art systems include bus couplers where the transfer takes place in only one directon, as prioritized.
Both of these approaches are intended to do away with the problem of "deadly embrace" which is the case when two buses try to communicate with each other in such a way as to prevent either from completing their current cycles.
This invention provides for a computer bus to be connected to buses which may or may not embody this invention so that the independence and performance of each bus is preserved and the "deadly embrace" problem is solved.
A first master on a first bus is capable of requesting a second bus to which a second master is connected. Likewise, the second master is capable of requestng the first bus. The first master requests control of the first bus in a normal manner, providnig addresses on the address lines that are within a certain block of addresses to which the second bus must respond. The second bus and the second master act in the same manner. A central converter receives the addresses from both buses on every bus request. The converter decodes the addresses and if both addresses are for the opposite buses, the converter provides signals to a programmable array of logic (PAL) that generates a signal in response thereto. The responsive signal is known as the "go away, come back later" signal (GACBL-). That signal in turn, through logic circuits, generates a pair of signals TM0 and TM1 which are returned to the first bus and to the first master. These signals are decoded and logic circuitry permits the request cycle to complete, but without actually completing the request. In fact, a transaction completion is indicated, but without providing either positive or negative acknowledgement. A positive acknowledgment, of course, signifies successful completion of a data transfer, while negative acknowledgment generally indicates an error condition. The cycle then continues normally and at that time the master gives up control of the bus and queues up for arbitration as set out herein.
The principal object of this invention is to provide a computer system of bus deadlock prevention schemae that may be employed with buses that do or do not also incorporate the invention.
Another object of this invention is to provide a bus deadlock system that acknowledges completion of a transaction but no completion of the sequence.
These and other objects will be made evident in the detailed description that follows.
FIGS. 1A-1E, when joined as shown, form a block diagram of the digital computing system.
FIGS. 2A-2C form a schematic diagram illustrating the CPU and associated buffers.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating other CPU buffers.
FIGS. 4A-4D, when joined as shown, form a schematic diagram of the cache memory address drivers.
FIGS. 5A-5C together illustrate six sections (of seven) of random access memory that form the cache memory.
FIGS. 6A-6C together illustrate the seventh section of the cache RAM and cache parity logic circuitry.
FIGS. 7A-7E form a schematic diagram of the cache "hit" logic.
FIGS. 8A-8E form a schematic diagram of the clock timing generation.
FIG. 9 illustrates selected waveforms generated by the clock timing generation.
FIGS. 10A-10D are a schematic diagram of the translation sequencer.
FIG. 11 is a map of the contents of the read-only memory (ROM) of the translation sequencer.
FIGS. 12A-12F, when joined as shown, schematically illustrate latches associated with the translation sequencer.
FIGS. 13A and 13D, together illustrate the write enable control circuitry.
FIGS. 14A-14C together schematically illustrate the internal bus control.
FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate cache memory buffers.
FIGS. 16A-16D schematically illustrate tag drivers, cache identification multiplexer, and other miscellaneous circuits.
FIG. 17A-17D when joined as shown schematically illustrate the interrupt-logic state machine.
FIGS. 18A-18F when joined as shown schematically illustrate the interrupt logic and RAM.
FIGS. 19A-19C form a schematic of the external bus control.
FIGS. 20A-20D form a schematic illustrating external bus buffers and address latches.
FIG. 21 schematically illustrates external buffer data latches.
FIGS. 22A-22C, when connected as shown, schematically illustrate address/data multiplexers.
FIGS. 23A-23F illustrate generally slot decoding.
FIG. 24 illustrates a comparison generation of a signal.
FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the arbitration logic.
FIGS. 26A-26E together form a schematic illustrating flip flops that form the CPU control register.
FIGS. 27A-37E together form a schematic illustrating acknowledge decoding and error status.
FIGS. 28A-28D illustrate the CPU error register, cache hit register and associated circuits.
FIG. 29 broadly illustrates the operation of the translation sequencer.
FIG. 30 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the translation sequencer and associated circuitry.
FIG. 31 shows timing for the arbitration cycle.
FIG. 32 schematically illustrates the development of signal GACBL-.
FIG. 33 illustrate the development of signals TMO- and TM-0-1.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portion of an overall digital computing system. Shown is central processing unit 10, with associated circuits, connected through bus logic 400 to bus 50. Also shown are devices No 2 and No. 3. In this preferred embodiment, a total of 16 devices may be attached to a single bus 50. This is a design choice of course, and more or less devices, with proper circuitry, could be attached.
In this description, the negation of a term will ordinarily be indicated by a (-) following the term. In relation to certain equations, it will be indicated by a (1) preceding the term.
CPU control 39 is shown connected to CPU 10 for controlling some operations such as stop and start. Interrupt logic and state machine 500 and interrupt RAM 530 are shown connected to CPU 10 by lines IPLO-2. Inverted, they become IDB1-IDB3 and connect to the internal bus. IROM 990 and DROM 991 provide inputs to buffer 992. These are generally test circuits with 32 outputs from buffer 992 applied to the internal bus 52. The write back latch 340 is connected through 32 lines to internal bus 52. The transceiver/multiplexer 15 for CPU 10 is connected to multiplex 32 bits to and from internal bus 52 into 16 bits to and from CPU 10.
Internal bus 52 is connected to address data multiplexer 490 together with another internal bus having conductors IAB2-31 therein. Unit 490 is connected to data latch 460 and to address latch 439 through conductors TAD0-31. It is also connected to bus transceivers 495 which is connected through 32 lines to external bus 50. The address latch 439 is connected to slot decode 485 which provides the signals shown.
The write enable circuit 370 is shown connected to cache RAM 110. Cache RAM 110 is connected as shown to cache transceivers 754 which in turn are connected to the internal bus and to the page frame number latch 380. PFN latch 380 is in turn connected to the other internal bus having conductors IAB2-31. Offset latch 350 and PFN/PBR multiplexer are both connected to the other internal bus.
The translation sequencer 300 has branch control 390, test tree 391, u control store 335 and pipeline register 392 for providing virtual memory control.
Timing generation 600 for providing various timing signals throughout the system is connected to bus control 400 which in turn is connected to the external bus 50.
FIG. 2 simply illustrates the CPU 10, which in this preferred embodiment is a Motorola Type 68010. This is a design choice and any appropriate central processing unit may be selected for use in this invention. CPU 10 is shown having virtual address lines VAB1-VAB23 and data lines D0-D15. The function lines as shown are utilized throughout the invention and will be referenced accordingly. Buffers 11, 12, 13 and 14 receive data lines D0 through D15, buffers 11 and 13 being enabled at one time and buffers 12 and 14 being enabled at another to provide 32 outputs, IDB0-IDB31.
FIG. 3 illustrates address lines VAB10-VAB23 applied as inputs to buffers 16 and 17. Slot identification lines ID0-ID3 are shown as inputs to buffer 15, along with a positive voltage on the four most significant inputs. The output signals from these indicated inputs are signals IAB10-IAB31. Signals ID0-ID3 are developed as shown subsequently and output signals IAB10-IAB31 are shown as applied to other circuits.
FIGS. 4A-4D, connected as shown, illustrates the addressing circuitry for the data cache 100 and translation cache 35. Signal SLTGRT from flip flop 614 shown in FIG. 7C enables both sections of the dual select multiplexers 101, 102, 103 and 104. Address signals VAB10, BVA18 (VAB18 twice inverted) and VAB11 are inputs to multiplexer 101, as shown. Address signals VAB8, VAB16, VAB9 and VAB17 are shown connected to multiplexer 102. Address lines VAB6, VAB14, VAB22 and VAB7, VAB15 and BVA 23 are as shown, connected to the inputs to multiplexer 103. Signals VAB4, VAB12, VAB20 and SLPBR1 (from flip flop array 465 of FIG. 23A) and signals VAB5, VAB13 and VAB21 are applied as shown as inputs to multiplexer 104. Signal LAD12 from the address latches of FIG. 20 is inverted through inverter 111 and provides one input to AND gate 113. Signals uD20 and uD21 provide inputs to AND gate 112 and also are connected to the A and B select inputs of each of multiplexers 101-104. The multiplexers 101-104, in this preferred embodiment, are Texas Instruments Type 74S253. Signals uD20 and uD21 are signals from the translation sequencer, specifically from flip flop array 332 shown in FIG. 10B. Also from that flip flop comes signal uD23 which is applied as one input to OR gate 116. The output from inverter 111 is applied as an input to AND gate 113. The other iput to AND gate 113 is provided by signal DSLTGRT, the Q output from flip flop 607 of FIG. 8A, the timing generation. That signal also is applied as the other input to NOR gate 116. The output of AND gate 112 provides signal CS- to the CS terminals of static RAMs 121, 122, 123, 124 and 125 as shown in FIG. 5. The outputs from AND gates 113 and 114 provide inputs to NOR gate 115 whose output is signal ADR10 which is an address input for the static RAMs of FIG. 5. Signal VAB10 is buffered through OR gate 117 and provides one input to multiplexer 105, a shown.
The outputs of terminals 1Y and 2Y of multiplexer 101 are connected to the output terminasl 1Y1 and 1Y2 of driver 107 to provide output signals ADR8 and ADR9. Inputs to driver 107 are provided by signals LAD10 and LAD11 from the address latch 434 of FIG. 20. Signals BSLTGRT and BSLTGRT- provide the output control signals to terminals 2G and 1G- of driver 106. Inputs LAD2-LAD9, from FIG. 20 provide the input singals to driver 106 whose ouptuts are signals ADR0-ADR7. The outputs on terminals 1Y and 2Y of each of multiplexers 103, 104 and 105 are connected as shown to address lines ADR0-ADR7 to provide the virtual addresses. The LAD addresses, from the address latches, provide addresses from the bus 50, which represent main memory addresses.
FIGS. 5A-5C, joined as shown, show 6 of the 7 units forming the cache memory. The seventh unit, RAM 126, is shown in FIG. 6A, for parity generation. All of RAMS 120-126 are, in this preferred embodiment, Type 2018 from Toshiba Company and are 2K�8. These RAMs operate at a speed of approximately 45 nanoseconds to allow the selected CPU to run with no wait states. This combination is, of course, a design choice and is not a limiting one. Address lines ADR1-ADR10 are applied to the A0-A10 inputs respectively of each of RAMs 120-126. RAM 123 provies outputs RTAG 12-RTAG 19 on outputs D0-D7, respectively. RAM 120 provides outputs RTAG20-RTAG23 and RCID0-RCID3. RAMs 125, 122, 124 and 121 provide outputs RDAT0-RDAT31, in the order presented.
FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C, when joined as shown, illustrate the cache parity logic. Parity logic generators 128, 129, 130, 131, 132 and 133 provide outputs PAR5, PAR4, PAR3, PAR2, PAR1 and PAR0, respectively. NOR gates 143, 144 and 145 each receive two of these outputs from the parity generators and provide inputs to NAND gate 146 so that any output from the parity generators results in an output from NAND gate 146, the signal PERR.
FIGS. 7A-7E, when joined as shown, form a schematic of the cache "hit" logic. Comparator 151 compres CID0-CID5 with RCID0-RCID5. THe comparator therefore compares the contents of the CID register 30 with the contents of the cache memory at the selected virtual address. Comparator 152 compares virtual addresses VAB19-VAB23 with the virtual addresses from the cache memory, RATG19-RATG23.
Comparator 153 compares virtual addresses VAB12-VAB18 with cache virtal addresses RATG12-RATG18. Referring to FIG. 28, it is shown that the 24 bit virtual address is divided into segments of 6, 8 and 10 bits. The upper six bits, input to comparator 152, are associated with a level 1 page table and the 8 bits input to comparator 153 are associated with the level 2 page tables. These will be discussed in detail in the Mode of Operation. The negated output from comparator 151 provides an input to each of NOR gates 159, 174 and 176. The negated output from comparator 152 provides an input to each of NOR gates 174 and 176. The negated output from comparator 153 provides an input to NOR gate 176.
Signal VAB23 is inverted twice, through inverters 154 and 155, providing signal BVA23 which provides one input to AND gate 156. The other input is provided by signal TIHEN of flip flop 471 of FIG. 23. Signal TILEN from that flip flop provides one input to AND gate 157 whose other input is provided by the output from inverter 154. AND gates 156 and 157 form the inputs to NOR gate 158 whose output provides another input to NOR gate 159. Signal RAMRD (the output from AND gate 215 of FIG. 27) and signal uD21-, (inverted from the sequencer shown in FIG. 10) provide the inputs to NAND gate 170 which provides an input to NOR gate 159. Signals uD20-and uD21, both micro data bits frm the sequencer, provide inputs to NAND gate 175 and signal uD20- provides another input to NOR gate 159. Signal PERR, discussed above, provides inputs to NOR gates 159, 174 and 176. NAND gate 175 receives its final input from signal RAMRD. The output from NAND gate 175 provides another input to NOR gate 174.
Virtual address VAB11 is inverted through inverter 183 and through inverter 184 to provide signal BVA11, which signal provides an input to AND gate 185. The output from inverter 183 provides an input to AND gate 186. Signal CAHEN from flip flop 471 of FIG. 23 provides another input to AND gate 185. Signal CALEN from flip flop 471 provides an input to AND gate 186. Signal VMS- from the Q-output of flip flop 169 provides inputs to each of AND gates 185 and 186. the outputs from these AND gates ar einput to NOR gate 187 whose output serves as an input to NOR gate 176.
Signal T2HEN from flip flop 471 provides an input to AND gate 177 and signal T2LEN from slip flop 471 provides an input to AND gate 178. Signal VAB18 is inverted through-inverter 181 to provide an input to AND gate 178. It is inverted again through inverter 182 to provide signal BVA18 and also to provide aninput to AND gate 177. These two AND gates provide inputs to NOR gate 179 whose ouptut provides the final input to NOR gate 174.
The output of NOR gate 159 is signal T1 HIT. The output from NOR gate 174 is signal T2 HIT. The output from NOR gate 176f is CACHIT.
Signal T1 HIT sets flip flop 160; signal T2 sets flip flop 189; signal CACHIT sets flip flop 191. The output from flip flops 160, 189 and 191 are signals LT1 HIT, LT2 HIT (and the inversion) and LCACHT.
Flip flop 165, with the associated logic circuitry as shown, provides output signals GHRSTA- and signal GRSTA on its Q and Q- outputs, respectively. Signal GHRSTA- provides the reset input to flip flops 160, 189 and 172. Signal GHRSTA provides the K input to flip flop 169. Signal GHRSTB- (the inversion of signal GHRSTA) provides the reset input to flip flops 191 and 173.
The D input to flip flop 192 is provided by OR gate 193 whose inputs are signals SLTREQ, the Q output of flip flop 608 from FIG. 8, and CPUSPC, generated by the CPU. The Q output from flip flop 192 provides signal VMSEN- which provides an input to NOR gate 168. AND gate 166 has signal CACHIT as one input and siganl TO68 form FIG. 16C. The output of AND gates 166 and 167 provide inputs to NOR gate 168 whose output is signal PERVMS. Flip flop 169 has its J input provided by signal DRST-, a reset signal. Its Q output, signal VMS, provides an input to NOR gate 171 whose output is signal GHVMS-. FLIp flop 172 has its J input provided by microdata signal uD9 with its Qoutput providing signal L1A. Flip flop 173 is clocked by microclock signal uCLKB, developed in the timing generation of FIG. 8, with its D input provided by microdata signal uD5 and its Q- output being signal FRCEHT0-.
FIGS. 8A-8E, assembled as shown, forms a schematic diagram of the timing generation for this system. A CLK-signal is shown as the input which then goes through logic circuits as shown. FIG. 9 illustrates some of the clock signals developed. Signal A is CLK-. Signal S is a 10 MHz signal from OR gate 604. Signal C is a 10 MHz signal labeled 10 CLKA<the Q output of flip flop 630. Signal 10 CLKB, the Q output of 627 is identical. Signal D is signal uCLKA, the Q output of flip flop 642. Signal uCLKB, the Q output of flip flop 643 is identical. When microdata bits uD7, uD18 and uD7 all equal 0, then the D wave shape exits. When either uD7 or uD23 equal 1, then wave shape D' exists. When uD18 equals 1, then wave shape D" exists. Note that the cycle time for wave D" is variable, depending upon the particular instruciton being executed.
Other signals of interest are developed in this timing generaetion circuitry. Flip flop 607, on its Q output, provides signal BSLTGRT and on its Q- output provides the inversion. Flip flop 608 provides signal SLTREQ on its Q output which is an input to flip flop 614. Flip flop 614 has signal SLTGRT on its Q output and the inversion on its Q- output. Flip flop array 628 provides signals PH1-PH8.
Flip flop 637 provides signal PREWRT- on its Q output and its inversion on its Q- ouput. Flip flop 638 provides signal WRTIME on its Q output and the inversion on its Q- output. NAND gate 641 provides signal MYACK-.
FIGS. 10A-10D, connected as shown, form the schematic diagram for the translation sequencer 300. The translation sequencer causes an inspection of the translation cache 35 in the event of a miss, and is invoked for every write operation. ROMs 328, 329 and 330 contain micro instructions uD0-uD23. The contents of these ROMs is set out in FIG. 11. Programmable array of logic (PAL) 310 is at the center of the operation of the sequencer 300. Its function is described in terms of its outputs (non-inverted) with respect to its inputs.
__________________________________________________________________________PA4= uD23*uD3 + uD22*uD3 + /uD23*/uD22*/uD21*uD20 + /uD23*/uD22*uD21*/uD20PA3= uD23*uD2 + uD22*uD2 + /uD23*/uD22*/uD21*uD20*TLBHIT + /uD23*/uD22*uD21*/uD20*TLBHIT*VALID*/UPDAB*/ACVL + /uD23*/uD22*uD22*uD21*/uD20*TLBHIT*/VALID + /uD23*/uD22*uD21*/uD20*THLBHIT*ACVLPA2= uD23*uD1 + uD22*uD1 + /uD23*/uD22*/uD21*uD20*TLBHIT*VALID*/UPDAB + /uD23*/uD22*/uD21*uD20*TLBHIT*/VALID + /uD23*/uD22*uD21*/uD20*L1A*TLBHIT*VALID*UPDAB*/ACVL + /uD23*/uD22*uD21*/uD20*TLBHIT*/VALID + /uD23*/uD22*uD21*/uD20*THLBHIT*ACVLPA1= uD23*uDO + uD22*uDO + /uD23*/uD22*/uD21*uD20*THBHIT*/VALID + /uD23*/uD22*uD21*/uD20FAULT= /uD23*/uD22*/uD21*uD20*THBHIT*/VALID * /uD23*/uD22*uD21*/uD20*TLBHIT*/VALID + /uD23*/uD22*uD21*/uD20*TLBHIT*ACVL__________________________________________________________________________ This PAL controls virtual memory sequencer branches. The PAL also signals a page fault condition. The signals have the following meanings: uDxx = microdata bits VALID = PTE valid bit UPDAB = update the PTE access bits ACVL = access violation was detected L1A = level 1 translation is complete TLBHIT = appropriate translation buffer FAULT = Page fault has been detected PAx = output of PAL; next microaddress bits 4-1
As will be described later, the translation sequencer looks at whether there has been a hit, whether there has been an access violation (improper PBR) and whether the entry is valid (in main memory and not in a mass store). These conditions are not pertinent to this invention, but are included for general information.
Signal IDB24 from FIG. 21 provides one input to AND gate 302 and signal IDB25 from FIG. 21 provides another input to AND gate 302 and one input to AND gate 301. Signal 68 WRT FIG. 16 provides the final input to AND gate 302 and signal 68RD from FIG. 16 provides the final input to AND gate 301 and a single input to NOR gate 304. AND gates 301 and 302 are input to NOR gate 303 whose output provides the D input to flip flop 317. Flip flop 317 indicates the presence or absence of an access bit, indicating whether the particular page in memory has been accessed. Signal IDB26 from FIG. 21 provides D input to flip flop 316 whose Q output indicates that the pgae is valid.
Signal LCACHT (a cache bit) provides the other input to NOR gate 30 whose output is connected to one input of NOR gate 305. The other input to NOR gate 305 is signal CBIT- from flip flop 344 of FIG. 12. The Q output of flip flop 317 provides one input to AND gate 319. Flip flop 316 has its Q output connected to another input to AND gate 319. Logic circuits 315 provides an output signal to the last input to AND gate 318 and to one input to OR gate 319. The other input to OR gate 319 is provided by signal PFNEN-. Its output is signal ACVL- which is one of the inputs to the previously mentioned PAL310 and also provides an input to multiplexer 327.
The D input of flip flop 324 is set by signal 68RD and its Q output provides an input to multiplexer 327. The output of AND gate 318 provides another input to multiplexer 327. Signal DMYROST frm FIG. 19 provides another input. Signal LT2HIT- provides another input and the output from NOR gate 305 provdies still another input. Signal GHAE- provides another input to multiplexer 327. Signals LTEN flip flop array 471 of FIG. 23 provides one input to NOR gate 322 and signal VMS provides to other. The output from NOR gate 322 provides the final input to multiplexer 327. Its ouptut, signal uA0, is used for the AD0 inputs of the buffers 328-330.
The inverted output signals from PAL310, signals PA1- through PA4- are inverted through multiplexer 326 and are input to address terminals AD1-AD4 of each of PROMS 328-330. The output from PROMS 328-330 are input to flip flop arrays 332-334 which provide output signals uD0 through uD23.
FIGS. 12A-12F, when joined as shown, provide a schematic diagram of various latch circuits used for latching the page file number, write-back and access bit information.
Signals IDB26-IDB29 are input to flip flop array 344 whose outputs are signals PV1, PV0, CBIT and their inversions. PV0 and PV1 are the access bits and CBIT indicates whether a page file should be cached. As mentioned earlier, some information that is subject to many changes may be tagged, if desired, to not be stored in the cache memory.
Flip flop arrays 342, 343, 348 and 349 with inputs from signals IDB0-IDB31, as shown, are write back latches, each of which contains a part of the word to be transmitted to the CPU 10 and/or to be written in the cache memory. Flip flop arrays 352-354 form the page frame number latch, providing output sinals IAB10-IAB23.
Flip flop array 355 stores the offset within the page, that is, where in the page frame the desired data may be found.
Finally, the multiplexer 356 simply adds two bits to the page frame number.
FIGS. 13A and 13B, when connected as shown, illustrate the write enable control. PAL360, in response to the inputs shown, provides outputs for simple selection for writing enable to selector 362 which provides output signals DTEN0- -DTEM3-. Gates 363-369, receiving the inputs as shown, provide inputs to selectro 371 which provides output signals TTEN0- through TTEN2-. They also provide inputs to AND gates 372-379 which provide output signals DEW3-, DWE2-, DWE1-, DWE0-, TWE1-, PWE-, DRVPAR-, and TWE0-.
FIGS. 14A-14C form a schematic diagram of the bus control associated with this invention. The logic as shown provides signals which have been provided to circuits previously described and to circuits that will be described.
FIGS. 15A and 15B together illustrate the cache memory buffers. Buffers 755-761 simply illustrate a bilateral communication between the signals shown, all of which have been previously mentioned or will be mentioned in drawings to be subsequently described.
FIGS. 16A-16D, when joined as indicated, schematically illustrate the logic circuitry for generating various signals which have been noted previously and which will be noted subsequently. Of interest are selectors 783 and 785 which provide output signal CID0-CID5, selecting from either the user CID's or the supervisor's CID's. Also of interest are drivers 789, 790 and 791 which illustrate the correspondence between signals RTAG12-RTAG23 and VAB12-VAB23.
FIGS. 17A-17C form the interrupt logic-state machine. PAL508 controls the operation of the state machine and the equations that describe its configuration follow.
__________________________________________________________________________INTVEC:= INTBIT*INTACK*LVLEQ*/RAMREQ*/RAMOP*/RST + INTVEC*INTACK*/RSTINTERR:= SEARCH*/LVLEQ*/RAMREQ*/RST + INTERR*INTACK*/RSTSEARCH:= /SEARCH*INTACK*/INTVEC*/INTBIT*/INTERR*/RAMREQ*/RST + /SEARCH*INTACK*/INTVEC*/LVLEQ*/INTERR*/RAMREQ*/RST + SEARCH*INTACK*/INTVEC*/INTERR*/INTBIT*/RAMREQ*LVLEQ*/RSTCNT:= RAMOP*/RAMREQ*/MCY*/RST + INTVEC*/INTACK*/MCY*/RST + INTERR*/INTACK*/MCY*/RST + CNT*/MCY*/INTBIT*/INTACK*/RAMREQ*/RST + SEARCH*/INTBIT*/RAMREQ*LVLEQ*INTACK*/RSTSETCNT= BOLTM1*RAMOP*/RAMREQ*CLTRT*/RST + /BOLTM1*RAMOP*/RAMPEQ*/RST + RAMREQ*/INTVEC*/INTERR*/FLUSH*/RST + INTERR*/INTACK*/RST + /SEARCH*INTACK*/INTVEC*/INTERR*/RAMREQ*/INTBIT*/RST + /SEARCH*INTACK*/INTVEC*/INTERR*/RAMREQ*/LVLEQ*/RST + INTVEC*/INTACK*/RST/INTWRT= /INTVEC*/FLUSH*/RAMOP + /INTVEC*/FLUSH*/BOLTM1 + INTVEC*/INTACK + RAMOP*/RAMREQ__________________________________________________________________________ DESCRIPTION: FLUSH= state where interrupt RAM is flushed of random bits after powerup MCY= carry from counter indicating completion of scan RAMREQ= slot decode requests external access to interrupt RAM for read or write RAMOP= state in which external access take place BOLTM1= latched TM1 (for byte 0 only) meaning bus cycle is a write cycle INTACK= 68000 is executing interrupt acknowledge sequence INTBIT= latched output of interrupt RAM RST= reset LVLEQ= compare of count level with requested interrupt level from 68000 (level equal) CLTRT= compare of count level with saved return count address (count less than saved return count) INTERR= state of an interrupt error; search complete within level with no bit found set constituting spurious interrupt response INTVEC= state in which interrupt vector is given to 68000 SEARCH= state in which search is made for bit which caused interrupt acknowledge sequence; CNT is always present when SEARCH is present CNT= state in which all scanning of interrupt RAM is done whether it is scanning for new interrupts or searching for bits to acknowledge INTWRT= interrupt write control, allows writing of interrupt RAM bits SETCNT= load count with LDEXT (if RAMREQ), LDACK (if INTACK), RLDCNT (if /RAMREQ*/INTACK)
Signal INTRAM- from decoder 461 of FIG. 23 and signal PH2 from the timing generation provide inputs to NOR circuit 502. Signal INTERR from the PAL 508 provides one input to AND gate 501. Signal INTVEC- from PAL 508 provides another input to AND gate 501. Signal FLUSH- from flip flop array 507 provides another input to AND gate 501 and also provides one input to OR gate 504. Signal RAMREQ from flip flop array 507 provides the final input to AND gate 501.
Signal INTBIT from flip flop 542 of FIG. 18 provides one input to AND gate 503 and signal INTACK- from flip flop 782 of FIG. 16 provides another input to AND gate 503 and also NAND gate 512. Signal RAMREQ- from flip flop array 507 provides another input to AND gate 503. Output SEARCH from PAL508 is inverted through inverter 513 providing signal CNT which serves as the final input to AND gate 503. Signal MCY from binary counter 540 of FIG. 18 provides the other input to OR gate 504. The outputs of gates 501-504 are connected to inputs 1D-4D of flip flop array 507. Outputs 1Q and 1Q- of flip flop array 507 provide signals RAMOP and RAMOP-, respectively. Output 3Q provides signal IPLCLK.
Magnitude comparators 505 and 506 receive signals CA0-through CA7- to be compared with signals LDCNT0- through LDCNT7-. This compares the current address (CA0- through CA7-with the last address LDCNTO- through LDCNT7-). The difference is used for determining where scanning will begin. This will be described in the discussion of the operation. Comparator 509 compares signals ALSAI- through ALSA3- (the inversions of virtual addresses VAB1-VAB3, respectively), with signals CA5-through CA7-. This comparison determines whether the address sent to the interrupted device is the same as the last address. This comparison provides an input signal LVLEQ- to PAL508 which may cause scanning to proceed. This will be described in the description of the mode of operation.
AND gate 510 has a plus voltage input and an input from signal RAMREQ, providing output signal LDEXT-. NAND gate 511 has signal INTACk and signal RAMREQ- as inputs. Its output is signal LDACK-. NAND gate 512, in addition to input signal INTACK- has signal RAMREQ- as an input, providing output signal RLDCNT-. Signal INTVEC- is inverted through inverter 514 to provide output signal INTVEC. Signal INTERR- is also provided. Signal SAVE is provided through logic gates 515-517, as shown. FIG. 18 illustrates interrupt logic and interrupt RAM 530. Input signals LAD2 thorugh LAD9 connect through buffer 521 providing signals LDCNT0- through LDCNT7- to counters 541 and 540, respectively, as shown. The output of counter 541 is made up of signals CA0- through CA3-. The output of counter 540 is made up of signal CA4- through CA7-. Flip flop array 523 provides for saving signals CA0- through CA7- from the counters 540 and 541. The lines carrying these signals are connected to buffer 527 which in turn is connected to the data lines of CPU 10 on FIG. 2. The output signals from flip flop array 523 are signals LDCNTO- through LDCNT7-, the last address. The lines carrying these signals interconnect the output lines of buffers 521 and 522, and flip flop array 523. RAM 530 receives its input address from signals CA0- through CA7-, from counters 541 and 540. Its output, signal IBIT- provides D inputs to flip flop 542 whose Q output is signal INTBIT- and whose Qoutput is INTBIT.
Signal CNT- from PAL508 provides one input to NOR gate 524.
The other input to NOR gate 524 is provided by signal MCY from counter 540. The output of NOR gate 524 provides one input to NAND gate 525 whose other input is signal IDIT- from RAM 530. The output from NAND gate 525 provides one input to NAND gate 526 whose other signal is GFLSH- from gate 504 of FIG. 17. The output of NAND gate 526 is connected to the enable gate of both counters 540 and 541. The gate is disabled during a write to the memory 530, as will be described later.
Flip flop array 530 receives signals CA5-CA7, providing output signals IPLO0-, IPL1-, and LPL2- on output termins 1Q-, 2Q- and 3Q-, respectively. OR gate 546 receives one input signal LTM1 from flip flop 704 of FIG. 19 and its other input signal INTRAM- from decoder 461 of FIG. 23. The output of gate 546 is connected to the enable gate of buffer 544.
Signal IBIT- is applied to terminal 1A4 of buffer 544. The output of buffer 544 is made up of signals IDB0 through IDB3.
FIGS. 19A-19C joined form a schematic diagram of the bus control interface circuitry. At the heart of this circuitry is PAL401 whose equations and accomanying descriptors follow:
__________________________________________________________________________MYRQST:= /RQST*BREQ*/MASTER*/RESET + ; Assert RQST if not asserted and ; not master of bus MASTER*LOCK*BREQ*/RQST*/RESET + ; Assert RQST if master and want ; to lock bus MYRQST*LOCK*/RESET + ; Keep RQST asserted as long as ; LOCK is true MYRQST*/ARBDN*/RESET + ; Keep RQST asserted through ; arbitration period MYRQST*BUSY*/ACK*/RESET + ; Keep RQST asserted if bus is busy MYRQST*/GRANT*/RESET + ; Keep RQST asserted if arbitration ; contest was lost MYRQST*/BUSY*/STREQ*/RESET + ; Keep RQST asserted if the bus is ; not busy but START still pending MYRQST*ACK*/STREQ*/RESET + ; Keep RQST asserted if bus xfer ; completing and no START pendingARB .= /RQST*BREQ*/MASTER*/RESET + ; Assert ARB if RQST not asserted ; and not master MASTER*LOCK*BREQ*/RQST*/RESET + ; Assert ARB if master and want to ; lock bus ARB*MYRQST*/RESET ; Keep ARB asserted until RQST is ; negated (assert through START)ARBDN := RQST*/ARBDN*/RESET + ; Assert to signal arbitration has ; completed RQST*/START*/RESET + ; Start new arbitration period if ; START has been asserted MASTER*LOCK*RQST*/RESET ; Arbitration period does not ; restart if master has locked busBUSY := START*/ACK*/RESET + ; Assert BUSY when START has been ; asserted BUSY*/ACK*/RESET ; Keep BUSY asserted until ACK has ; assertedMASTER:= ARBDN*/BUSY*GRANT*/RESET + ; Assert MASTER if bus not busy and ; arbitration has been won ARBDN*ACK*GRANT*/RESET + ; Assert MASTER if bus completing ; transfer and arbitration won MASTER*/RQST*/RESET + ; Keep MASTER asserted if no bus ; requests MASTER*/ARBDN*/RESET + ; Keep MASTER asserted through ; arbitration period MASTER*ARBDN*GRANT*/RESET + ; Keep MASTER asserted if arb. ; complete and won (bus locked) MASTER*BUSY*/ACK*/RESET ; Keep MASTER asserted through ; current bus transfer ; START is only asserted ; if STREQ is trueMYSTRT:= STREQ*MASTER*/RQST*/LOCK*/MYSTRT*/RESET + ; Assert START if no bus ; requests, bus not busy STREQ*MASTER*/RQST*/LOCK*ACK*/MYSTRT*/RESET/ ; Assert START if no bus ; requests, end of ; current bus transfer STREQ*MYRQST*ARBDN*/BUSY*GRANT*/MYSTRT*RESET + ; Assert START if arb. ; won and bus not busy STREQ*MYRQST*ARBDN*ACK*GRANT*/MYSTRT*/RESET ; Assert START if arb. ; won, currnet xfer doneAACKEN := ARBDN*/BUSY*GRANT*/MYSTRY*/RESET + ; Negate ACK if bus not ; busy (master drives) ; ACK false after xfer) ARBDN*ACK*GRANT*/MYSTRT*/RESET + ; Negate ACK at end of ; current bus transfer MASTER*/BUSY*/RQST*/MYSTRT*/RESET + ; Negate ACK if bus not ; busy or requested MASTER*ACK*/RQST*/MYSTRT*/RESET + ; Negate ACK at end of ; current xfer if no ; bus requests MASTER*/ARBDN*RQST*/MYSTRT*/BUSY*/RESET + ; Drive ACK thru arb. ; period if bus not busy MASTER*START*ACK*/RESET + ; Negate ACK after idle ; cycle assertion MASTER*/ARBDN*RQST*/MYSTRT*ACK*/RESET ; Negate ACK at end of ; current xfer if during ; arbitration__________________________________________________________________________ period DESCRIPTION BREQ = BUS REQUEST STREQ = START REQUEST RQST = NUBUS RQST START = NUBUS START ACK = NUBUS ACK GRANT = ARBITRATION LOGIC OUTPUT RESET = RESET SIGNAL FOR PAL OUTPUTS (SYNCHRONOUS RESET) LOCK = LOCK BUS ACKEN = TRISTATE ENABLE CONTROL FOR NUBUS ACK (MASTER'S) ARBDN = INTERNAL TIMING FOR ARBITRATION PERIOD BUSY = NUBUS IS BUSY, ASSERTED DURING START, NEGATED DURING ACK MASTER = BOARD WHICH IS MASTER CONTROLS NUBUS MYSTRT = OUTPUT OF PAL MEANING ASSERT START ON NUBUS ARB = ARBITRATE FOR NUBUS, ASSERT ARBITRATION LINES MYRQST = RQST FOR NUBUS, ASSERT RQST LINE
PAL 401 outputs signals MYRQST-, ARB-, MYSTRT-, and MASTER- are connected to terminals 1D-4D, respectively of flip flop array 405. Terminal 1Q of flip flop array 405 provides signal DMYRQST-. Terminal 1Q- provides output signal DMYROST and one input to NAND gate 411 whose other input is a static "1" and whose ouptut is signal RQST- which, inverted, is one of the inputs to PAL401.
Terminal 3Q- of flip flop array 405 provides signal MYSTRTD, terminal 4Q provides signal DMASTER- and terminal 4Q-provides DMASTER.
Flip flop array 406 has inputs from other circuits as shown providing output signals DBUSY- on terminal 1Q; DBUSY on terminal 1Q-; DACKEN on terminal 2Q-; signal IACK on terminal 3Q-. The output of terminal 40 is used in the logic circuitry as shown.
Inverting buffer 415 has various inputs grounded as shown and other inputs from the logic circuitry providing output signals START-, ACK-, TM1-, TM0 and TM1.
Flip flop 404 provides output LTM0 on its Q output terminal and flip flop 407 provides signal LTM1 on its Q terminal and LTM1- on its Q-terminal. NAND gate 418 with its input circuitry as shown provides signal BOLTMY1-.
FIGS. 20A-20D together schematically illustrate bus buffers 430, 432, 435 and 436 receiving bus address lines AD0-through AD3-. The output of these four buffers are signals PAD0 through PAD31. The outputs from buffers 430, 432, 435 and 436 are input to flip flop arrays 433, 434, 437 and 438, respectively. The output signals from the flip flop arrays are signals LAD0 through LAD31. The signals have been and will be referred to throughout this description.
FIGS. 21A and 21B schematicaly illustrate data latches 440-443 having input signals TAD0-TAD31 and output signals IDB0-IDB31.
FIGS. 22A-22C schematically illustrate address/data multiplexers 444-451. Signals MYAD0, MYAD1 and IAB2 through IAB31 are multiplexed with signals IDB0 through IDB31. Signals MYAD0 and MYAD1 are the outputs of NOR gate 754 and AND gate 745 from FIG. 14C. The output lines from all of these multiplexer have been described in previously described drawings.
FIGS. 23A-23F illustrate address decode circuitry. Flip flop array 30A is a supervisor cache ID register and flip flop array 30B is a user cache ID register. They both receive their inputs from lines IDB0-IDB7. The Q outputs of register 30A are designated as signals SID0 through SID5 and SLPBR0 and SLPBR1. The outputs from the user register 30B are designated UCID0 through UCID7. The outputs from user register 30A are connected to buffer 468. The output from user register 30B are connected to buffer 469. The Y terminals of buffers 468 and 469 are tied together and to the Y terminals of buffer 472. The Y terminals of buffer 468 are also connected to the D input terminals of flip flop array 471 whose Q outputs provide signals TLEN, PAREN, T1LEN, T1HEN, T2LEN, T2HEN, CALEN, and CAHEN. These signals are also applied to the A terminals of buffer 472.
Signals LAD21, LAD22 and LAD23 are inverted and applied as inputs to NAND gate 458. Non-inverted, they are applied as inputs to NAND gate 459. The outputs of these two NAND gates provide inputs to NAND gate 460. Enable input G1 of decoder 461. Signal SLTGRT- is input to control terminal G2A- and as one input to NOR gate 464 whose other input is provided by the output from NAND gate 460. The output from NAND gate 458 also is connected to the C select input of decoder 461. The output signals from decoder 461 are IROM-, CDATA-, CTAGS-, INTRAM-, CFREG-, DROM- and CTLSTAT-. Inverters also provide signals cDATA and CTAGS. The output of NOR gate 464 is signal SLTERR.
FIG. 24 illustrates octal comparator 650 for comparing the signals impressed on the A terminals with those impressed on the B terminals to render output signal MYSLOT-.
FIG. 25 is a terminal diagram of the bus arbitration logic. The slot identification signals ID0-, ID2-, ID2- and ID3- come from the bus 50 and are inverted through inverters A01-A04, respectively, providing inputs to NOR gates 805-808, respectively. Inverter A04 provides signal ID3 to one input of NAND gate 816. NOR gate 808 provides one input to each of NOR gates 809-812, respectively. Signal ID2- provides the other input to NOR gate 812.
Inverter 803 provides signal ID2 to one input of NOR gate 807. The other input to NOR gate 807 is provided by the output of NAND gate 815. One input to NAND gate 815 comes from the output of NOR gate 812. The output of NOR gate 807 provides one input to each of NOR gates 809-811. The output of NOR gate 811 provides one input to NAND gate 814 whose output provides the other input to NOR gate 806. The output of NOR gate 806 provides one input to each of NOR gates 809 and 810.
The output of NOR gate 810 provides one input to NAND gate 813. The other input to each of NAND gates 813-816 is provided by signal DARB from flip flop array 405 of FIG. 19. The output of NAND gate 813 provides the other input to NOR gate 805 whose output provides another input to NOR gate 809. Signal DARB- provides the final input to NOR gate 809 whose output is signal GRANT.
FIGS. 26A-26E illustrate the CPU10 control register. The inputs shown, the Q- output of flip flop 20 provide signal CLRBER-, the Q output of flip flop 23 provides signal SSTEP and the Q- output provides its negation. NOR gate 29 provides signal STOP-. The Q output of flip flop 34 provides signal STOPPRI and the Q output of flip flop 37 provides signal STOPSEC. The Q- output provides the negation.
These signals permit controlling the CPU to stop and start it, to cause it to step, to recognize error, etc. The signals may be monitored through the buffer 36.
FIGS. 27A-27E, when joined as shown, illustrate acknowledge decoding and error status. Flip flops 902 and 901 receive signals TM0 and TM1, transfer mode signals. When both are "1", the transfer was valid. If TM=0 and TM1=1, then there has been a time-out--which would happen if a slot in the bus for a device is empty. If TM=1 and TM0=0, an error acknowledgment has occured. If TM1=0 and TM0=0, then signal GACBL (go away, come back later) is generated by NOR gate 922. Signal VMSACK from flip flop 915 is a bus acknowledge signal. Signal DACK from the Q output of flip flop 916 is an acknowledge signal. Signal SLVACK from NAND gate 914 is an acknowledge signal. Error acknowledge signals PBERR- and PBERR from the Q and Q- outputs of flip flop 917 are present. Logic 919 with the inputs as shown provides signal ERR- which causes translation sequencer 300 to sequence to micro instruction IE which then asserts a bus error.
Buffer 920 permits reading the error status signals and buffer 921 permits reading the cache hit and flag bits. Flip flop arrays 923 and 924 permit transfer of the signals as shown.
NAND gate 925 receives the input signals shown and if any such signal drops to 0, then the error clock (ECLK) stops running.
FIGS. 28-A -28D form a schematic diagram of cache hit and error status registers which, for the most part, permit testing of the system.
Flip flop array 201 provides outputs to an AND gate for producing signal TLVL1 which is a level 1 translation access bit. Flip flop array 205 simply latches parity information. Flip flops 202, 203 and 204 set flags for level 1 hit, level 2 hit and data cache hit, respectively. Flip flops 206 and 207 are for testing. Flip flops 212-214, 219, 226 and 227 all are error flip flops.
FIG. 31 illustrates timing involved in the arbitration procedure. The signals are as shown with signals ARB0- through ARB03- having timed sections. Ton is the turn on time of the initial assertion. Tdis is the disable time from the detection of a higher priority request. Temb is a reasserton after detection of a "false" higher priority request. Tval is valid arbitration lines.
FIG. 32 illustrates PAL1001 with the input signals as set out below in the equations and explanatoins of the PAL1001.
The signal of interest out of PAL1001 is signal IGACBL- which is input to flip flop array 1002 with output signal GACBL- (go away, come back later) out.
In FIG. 33, signal GACBL- is shown entering flip flop 1003 together with the negation of the signal "time out", previously described. Signal GACBL- is input to flip flop 1003 which in turn inputs multiplexer 1004. Signal TIME OUT- and signal GACBL- are ORed into another another input of flip flop array 1003 which outputs to the multiplexer 1004. Multiplexer 1004 outputs signals MYTMO and MYTM1 of buffer 240 which outputs signals TM0- and TM1-.
The circuits shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 are part of a converter for converting from one external bus to another external bus.
Please refer first to FIG. 1 and specifically to FIG. 1D. For purposes of illustration, assume that device No. 2 comprises a second bus to which a second master is electrically connected. CPU 10 and associated circuitry and bus 50 are the first master and first bus, respectively.
FIG. 32 illustrates PAL 1001 with the signals as indicated. These signals are detailed in connection with the detailed description, including the equations that provide various outputs from PAL 1001. PAL 1001 is physically located in a central converter to which both buses are attached. In a bus request by one master for the other bus, the converter acts as a slave to the requesting bus and a master to the requested bus and vice versa.
The signals of interest into the PAL 1001 are AENI- which indicates that the converter is the master of the second bus and signal DMASTER indicates that the converter is the master of the first bus. Signal CONVMACC indicates that the first bus is trying to access the second bus and signal CONVNACC-indicates that the second master is trying to access the first bus. This combination of signals provides an output signal IGACBL- which results, through flip flop 1002 in signal GACBL. Signals MBQ0 through MBQ3 indicate the state of the converter which is not germane to this invention.
In FIG. 33, signal GACBL- is shown applied to flip flop 1003 and through an OR gate to another element of flip flop 1003. The protocol of the system requires two lines and when both lines are high, a "go away, come back later" situation is sent out. These signals are multiplexed through multiplexer 1004 and go out through transceiver 1005 as signals TM0- and TM1-.
Referring now to FIG. 27A, signals TM1 and TM0 are shown coming in as inputs to flip flops 901 and 902, respectively. Flip flop 901 provides output RTM1 and RTM1-. Flip flop 902 provides outputs RTM0 and RTMO-. If RTM0 and RTM1 are both high, then there is a valid request. If RTM1 is low and RTM0 is high, there has been a "time out". A time out signal is one where nothing happens, there is no response and after a set period of time, a time out signal is the response. If RTM1 is high and RTM0 is zero, then there has been an error. And finally, if RTM0 and RTM1 are both low, then a "go away, come back later" signal is indicated.
Signal SLVACK from gate 914 is always a "1" unless the condition is present for "go away, come back later" in which case it will below and flip flop 915 will be cleared. Flip flop 916 is in a low state to provide signal DACK- high. NOR gate 922 then provides a high output indicating signal GACBL is active. In FIG. 14C, signal GACBL is shown as applied to gate 727A. The presence of signal ICLK, from FIG. 8, clocks in signal GACBL, setting flip flop 722, which in turn enables the signal ENABLE BUS CYCLE.
In that manner, the cycle is enabled without the second bus being accessed. The cycle condition ends normally, at which time master No. 1 is able to arbitrate again for the bus.
It is comtemplated that the specific circuits and general arrangement of circuits used herein may be altered by those skilled in the art art without avoiding the general idea of this invention which is limited only by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
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|Jul 12, 1977
|Derek Vidion Moreton
|Data processing system including parallel bus transfer control port
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|Communications processor
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|Deadlock detection and resolution scheme
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|Data processing system having synchronous bus wait/retry cycle
|Citing Patent
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|Method and apparatus for avoiding deadlock in a computer system with two or more protocol-controlled buses interconnected by a bus adaptor
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|Jul 11, 1995
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|Interprocessor communication system in an information processing system enabling communication between execution processor units during communication between other processor units
|Aug 28, 1992
|Jul 18, 1995
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|Data processing apparatus having first bus with bus arbitration independent of CPU, second bus for CPU, and gate between first and second buses
|Feb 13, 1995
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|Apr 18, 2006
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|Data processing apparatus and slave interface mechanism for controlling access to a slave logic unit by a plurality of master logic units
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|Jul 17, 2007
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|Bus master and bus slave simulation using function manager and thread manager
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|Method and apparatus for handling SAS/SATA communication deadlock
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|Method, apparatus, and computer program product for optimizing packet flow control through buffer status forwarding
|May 1, 2001
|Jan 17, 2002
|San Juan Martin Martin
|Data processing apparatus and slave interface mechanism for controlling access to a slave logic unit by a plurality of master logic units
|Mar 28, 2002
|Oct 3, 2002
|Eiji Shamoto
|System simulator, simulation method and simulation program
|Oct 8, 2004
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|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method, apparatus, and computer program product for optimizing packet flow control through buffer status forwarding
|Apr 21, 1992
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 24, 1992
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 23, 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 26, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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4 Apr 2017
Travel to the Pacific Northwest: Oct 11-20
Travel the Pacific Northwest with Patti Jacquemain & Dave Gledhill October 11 – 20 Explore all the beauty of the Pacific Northwest with Wildling Founder, Patti Jacquemain. Beginning in Portland, Oregon, travelers will... READ MORE
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SYV FREE Museum Day!
Free SYV Museum Day! Saturday, March 18th 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. READ MORE
2 Mar 2017
Wildflower Excursion – March 25
March 25, 10am – 1pm $15 / Wildling Members $20 / Non-Members FULL! Join us at UCSB's Sedgwick Reserve, where we will experience the wildflowers in full bloom under the guidance of a... READ MORE


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As a Climate for Health leader you can inspire others on climate solutions to protect their well-being and nurture a healthy future.
Tools to Make an Impact
Get started on your Path to Positive by taking steps to make an impact at your health facility, office, or organization and in your community. If you've made the Climate for Health pledge, you can add actions to your plan below. Be sure to explore the list of engagement steps in our "Resources to Inspire Others" section.
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Chapter 16 -- Dynamic forms -- of 'Beginning Apache Struts: From Novice to Professional'
Dynamic forms can save time by eliminating the need for Java code. However, they have their weaknesses as well. Chapter 16 of 'Beginning Apache Struts: From Novice to Professional' describes all of their facets.
This Article Covers
Open source Web and application servers
Apress' Beginning Apache Struts: From Novice to Professional is designed for Java programmers with no experience in Servlet technology. The book, which covers Apache Struts 1.2, is designed in a classroom format with labs for users.
Download: Expert tips for monitoring your Linux network connection
Network connection failure: a common, yet extremely damaging IT pain point. Read this expert guide for tips and tricks on how to monitor your Linux network connectivity more actively, and how to troubleshoot and get back online quickly.
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Chapter 16 -- Dynamic forms -- of Beginning Apache Struts: From Novice to Professional discusses eliminating Java code by implementing dynamic forms, as well as the strengths and shortcomings of these XML-extension formats.
Read the rest of the excerpt in this PDF.
Chapter 16, "Dynamic forms," is excerpted from Beginning Apache Struts: From Novice to Professional by Arnold Doray, published in Feb 2006, by Apress (ISBN: 1-59059-604-8 ). Copyright © 2006, Apress. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission by Apress.


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Stockpair on the Go
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References and Further Reading:
1. Intervention from an information perspective (RT Baillie, OF Humpage, WP Osterberg – 2000)
2. The effectiveness of foreign exchange intervention in emerging market countries: Evidence from the Czech koruna (P Disyatat, G Galati – 2007)
3. The microstructure of the foreign-exchange market: a selective survey of the literature (L Sarno, MP Taylor – 2001)
4. On the determinants of corporate hedging (DR Nance, CW Smith, CW Smithson – 1993)
5. Who times the foreign exchange market? Corporate speculation and CEO characteristics (A Beber, D Fabbri – 2012)
John Miller
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This morning, for whatever reason, I'm feeling tired and frazzled, pulled in a million directions. Chaotic. Before I even got out of bed, I'd already snapped at my husband and was impatient with my son (who happened to be climbing all over me, dragging me out of a deep sleep). I was not a happy camper.
In that grace-filled and blessed moment, the Spirit spoke to me and reminded me that I am privileged.
I recently joined a Maximize Your Mornings accountability group. I have a whole group of 25 new friends who all wake up together and check in with each other, encouraging one another in the Lord. I joined this group, because I find it difficult to get up early, but on the few occasions that I do, I have much more peaceful, productive days.
Sometimes as stay-at-home-moms, we fall into believing the lie that our life is so hard and children take so much energy and we do so much and on and on and on. Well, we DO do so much, and it DOES take so much energy.
But the thing is that we are privileged to be at home with our children, doing what we do. There are millions of moms in the world who wake up at the crack of dawn each day, shower and put on a suit, take their children to daycare and kiss them goodbye for eight hours, because they have no choice. There are millions of moms in the world who wake up before the sun, clean, cook, strap their babies on their backs and head to the field to work. There are millions of moms in the world who wake up each morning with an ache in their chest because the toddler they thought would be crawling all over them, dragging them out of a deep sleep, has long since gone to heaven ahead of them.
We are blessed. We are privileged. We are gifted to wake up each morning to climbing toddler, whines for breakfast, tantrums because there was milk when they wanted juice, and tears and kisses on their owies.
It occurred to me in that moment that it's a little twisted that I have to join an accountability group for help to get up early, when really I should give shouts of joy and thanks for the privilege of getting up early every morning for my little one. Nevertheless, we all have our own battles, and for this, God gives us one another.
So as I sat there in bed, before my feet hit the floor, and I decided to give thanks. Ask forgiveness. Start over. Choose joy.


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After the complete overhaul of my celestial map with HTML5 canvas and live updates to the map, it`s logical to apply that to my other sky maps too. First, here's the Milky Way halo, with all it`s globular clusters, satellite galaxies and some tidal streams, color coded by population membership.
Friday, April 15, 2016
Milky Way Halo update
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Hawk's Well Theatre, 8pm, adm €18/15 Buy Tickets
Alan Broadbent in concert
"one of the greatest living jazz pianists" – Los Angeles Times
pianist Alan Broadbent with special guest vocalist Judy Niemack
Auckland, New Zealand born Alan Broadbent has worked with so many legends of music history: To name but a few: Diana Krall, Nelson Riddle, David Rose, Johnny Mandel, Paul McCartney, Charlie Haden and Natalie Cole. He appeared on her famous "Unforgettable" album, toured as her pianist and, a little while later, as her conductor. At this time he wrote an orchestral arrangement for her second video with her dad, Nat, "When I Fall In Love", which won him his first Grammy for "best orchestral arrangement accompanying a vocal" and soon after won a second Grammy for an orchestral accompaniment with Charlie Haden's Quartet West.
Broadbent is Diana Krall's conductor for her occasional orchestra concerts and is the conductor on her "Live in Paris" DVD. Recently he has been the arranger on Glenn Frey's cd with strings, "After Hours", and wrote six string arrangements for Sir Paul McCartney's "Kisses On The Bottom" with the London Symphony. He has just returned from solo piano concerts in the UK, Poland and France. It has been his lifelong goal, through his orchestral arrangements and jazz improvisations, to discover, in popular music and standard songs, deeper feelings of communication and love.
SJP is honoured to have Mr. Broadbent as our principal piano tutor on this year's summer school. This is a chance to see the master at work in a solo setting. Mr. Broadbent will be joined by his special guest, also a member of the stellar 2014 summer school faculty at SJP, the great American vocalist Judy Niemack .