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Range Rover Velar: Everything You Need To Know
Posted by James McManus · 30th March, 2017
The new addition to the Range Rover family will be the Velar, in a hope to fill the white space between the Range Rover Evoque and the Range Rover Sport. Here's everything you need to know about the new Range Rover Velar.
A mid-sized luxury SUV with a lot to offer
The Range Rover Velar will be the fourth member of the Range Rover family. A mid-sized luxury SUV that has undergone quite a bit of refinement as Jaguar Land Rover hope to fill the so called 'white space' between the Range Rover Evoque and the Range Rover Sport.
Jaguar Land Rover UK Managing Director, Jeremy Hicks said:
"The new Range Rover Velar is a stunning addition to the Range Rover family, it enhances a model line-up that originally defined the luxury SUV segment and continues to do so. Velar brings increased choice to new and existing customers in a growing SUV market. It leads the way in terms of design, usable technology, new materials and of course Land Rover's legendary go anywhere, do anything capability.
"The whole team is enormously excited about bringing the new Range Rover Velar to customers across the UK."
Land Rover say that the Velar offers levels of luxury and refinement whilst not compromising all-terrain capability and staying true to the Jaguar Land Rover design language and brand. Under the watchful eye of Gerry McGovern, Land Rover's design department aimed to strip down the Land Rover product and bring a new level of elegance to the family. Door handles sink back into the doors, whilst the headlights have gone super-narrow to accentuate the use of LED slits.
"We wanted to elevate Range Rover's design DNA to a new level," says Massimo Frascella, Land Rover's exterior creative director. "We were looking for a new level of simplicity, with the flush door handles and slim LED lights. This will do so much for Range Rover."
New Range Rover Velar LED Headlights
New Range Rover Velar Sinking Door Handles
Range Rover Velar: Advance technology & safety
The Velar is sculptured with an aluminium-intensive body, making it relatively light. Land Rover has combined with this a double-wishbone front and integral link rear suspension, providing a smooth ride with agile handling.
As a family car it's only right that Land Rover put an adequate amount of protection in place; a number of advanced driver assistance systems are featured, Autonomous Emergency Braking with pedestrian detection makes the Velar safe for both passengers, the driver and pedestrians, whilst Adaptive Cruice Control with Queue Assist also features along with an Adaptive Speed Limiter.
A front-facing camera inside the windscreen monitors the road ahead, if the camera detects a potential collision with an object the full braking system is triggered automatically to help avoid any collision. Visual and audible warnings are sent to the driver before the automatic braking system kicks in.
The camera is also used for the Lane Departure Warning and Lane Keep Assist systems. This monitors road markings and whether the driver is using indicators to prevent the car from drifting out of lane. The Lane Departure Warning system sends warnings to the driver through the steering wheel whilst the Lane Keep Assist applies a small amount of counter steer to help keep the Velar in lane.
Another system also monitors steering input, throttle and brake application and the lane departure warning systems. This is called Driver Condition Monitoring, and is used to determine whether the driver is drowsy and will alert the driver to take a break.
Traffic Sign Recognition also makes use of the camera to read speed limit signs, the limits are then displayed on the instrument cluster and the heads-up display. The Traffic Sign Recognition System is also capable of adapting temporary speed limits in roadworks as well as applying lower speed limits in some countries during harsh weather conditions.
360° Parking Aid and Reverse Traffic Detection make life easier for the driver when on roads of parking. Reverse Traffic Detection alerts the driver via orange warning lights on the door mirrors when vehicles approach either side of the vehicle when reversing, avoiding getting too close to vehicles when parking. The 360° Parking Aid allows for the driver to manouvre the vehicle into tight spaces. Several cameras are located around the Velar and are automatically triggered when reverse is selected.
New Range Rover Velar - Front View
Range Rover Velar: Design Features
The Velar has taken clear inspiration from the brand's design language. Whilst it stays true to the Range Rover family, the Velar has also brought new features and innovation to the range.
The Range Rover Velar sits on 22" alloy wheels which come in a range of different designs, giving the Velar more of a dramatic and embossed presence on the road. A floating roof also accentuates the luxury design along with the clamshell bonnet that nods back to the design language throughout the Range Rover range.
In terms of the wheelbase, the Velar sits firmly between the Evoque: 2,660mm and the Range Rover Sport: 29,923mm at 2,874mm. This create more storage space and further increases space in the cabin.
A range of 13 exterior colours will be available on the Range Rover Velar, these are; Fuji White, Narvik Black, Yulong White, Indus Silver, Corris Grey, Santorini Black, Kaikoura Stone, Byron Blue, Firenze Red, Aruba, Silicon Silver and Carpathian Grey. Further exterior styling options will be available throughout the range, R-Dynamic models deceive a deeper front bumper with enlarges apertures to increase cooling.
The entry-level edition of the car will be called 'Standard', this gets 18-inch alloy wheels, heated front seats, keyless entry, heated windscreen and LED Lights. The next edition is the S, this gets 19-inch alloy wheels and the gesture-control boot, 10-way electrically adjustable front seats and leather upholstery.
The SE model gets 20-inch wheels with the addition of Matrix LED lights with high beam assist, 360-degree parking aid, a 12.3-inch digital instrument cluster and the 825W Meridian sound system. At the top of the range is the HSE, this gets 21-inch alloys, Windsor leather seats with massage and climate control for front passengers, satin chrome trim, power-adjustable steering column and adaptive cruise control with Queue Assist.
The R-Dynamic adds further details such as; satin grey-alloy wheels, metal pedals and a re-sculptured front bumper to add a more sporty look. There's also a First Edition, this adds more than the range-topping HSE sped; 1,600W sound system and 22-inch alloy wheels, although this will only be available with the V6 petrol engine.
New Range Rover Velar - Rear View
Range Rover Velar: Interior
New technologies are the main focus in the Range Rover Velar, a dual-screen setup takes centre stage in the Velar's interior. The same 12.3-inch TFT virtual cockpit display on the Range Rover Sport is featured, the middle panel will show navigation data, music and phone details whereas the display below it will control elements of the car such as heated seats, transmission settings, suspension and the heater.
An Intel quad core processor, high-speed 60GB solid-state drive and ultra-fast Ethernet network power the screens and technology within the car so screens and functions will be very responsive and give ease of use to customers.
In the boot, there is 632-litres of storage space, and this is increased to 1,731 with the rear seats lowered. Gesture control is also available, so customers will be able to open the boot by waving their foot below the rear bumper.
New Range Rover Velar - Cabin Interior
New Range Rover Velar - Infotainment System
Range Rover Velar: Engines
A wide line-up of engines are on offer in the Range Rover Velar, the most basic - which is only available in the lowest two trim levels - is a four-cylinder diesel, producing 17bhp, making 0-60mph in just 8.4 seconds. CO2 emissions on this setup sit at 142g/km. The same engine is also offered in an Ingenium variant, this is pushed further throughout the range on higher spec vehicles, this produces 237bhp with CO2 emissions of 154g/km.
A brutal V6 diesel engine is also on the cards, this produces 296bhp, sprinting from 0-60mph in 6.1 seconds, but with power comes great responsibility; resulting in a jump of 167g/km of CO2.
A generous range of petrol engines are on offer, starting with a four-cylinder Ingenium engine which produces 247bhp with CO2 emissions of 173g/km. A revised version will also be available some time after launch, this will produce 296bhp.
Jaguar Land Rover's supercharged 3.0-litre V6 will also be available from launch, this produces 375bhp but emits a whopping 214g/km CO2.
Range Rover Velar: Prices
The Range Rover Velar is set to fill a gap in both design and pricing. Set to sit between the Range Rover Evoque and the Range Rover Sport in the range in terms of sizing, it will sit there in terms of pricing too. The four-cylinder edition is expected to cost from £44,800, somewhat £15,000 more than the standard Evoque.
In the Range Rover pricing structure the Velar will be around £15,000 cheaper than the standard Range Rover Sport. The Velar will be available from next July, but if you're looking at jumping up the trim levels and aiming to get a bit more performance you will be looking within the region of £50,000 +.
New Range Rover Velar: Everything You Need To Know
What do you think of the new Range Rover Velar? Let us know below.
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So today is just another Tuesday now. The holidays are all gone..boo! Last night was fun..we got all dressed..me and the hubs that is. We had dinner here at the house and we were about to go to a party...what did we end up doing? Staying at home and drinking....fun times! We decided to stay home and relax with each other instead of going out and partying with tons of other people. Last night made 6 years we were together (dating wise) and we decided we should spend it together at home with the puppies. It was rather nice. NOW don't let that fool you I still got my drink on!
We watched the ball drop and then I woke up on the couch! When I got up today I made a massive breakfast for the hubs with pancakes, eggs and bacon!! I think that is a good way to start 2013 off with a huge heart attack breakfast!
I already said I will not be making resolutions except to be a better person so cheers to that! I hope everyone sticks to whatever resolutions they made and that their New Years was amazing! If you are nursing hangovers today, good luck and sleep..lots of sleep and water!
Cheers to a wonderful 2013!


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In an existing organization, planning may commence with the commencement of planning for effective risk assessment involving all the stakeholders as relevant. In a new organization, the planning may be carried out to effectively approach achievement of information security using relevant steps as suggested by appropriate frameworks or methodologies. Plans also identify the owners for various activities, roles, and responsibilities for the effective execution of these plans. The schedules used also clearly depicts the timelines, keeping in mind various dependencies and constraints. The steps planned depend upon the methodology or framework used. Planning needs to be carried out for an integrated, methodical, and well-coordinated approach, leading to effective information security infrastructure or architecture rather than an ad-hoc approach that can create side effects or make the implementation ineffective. Effective information security infrastructure or architecture provides ease of use and generates confidence to all the stakeholders including business users.
In an existing organization, risk assessment provides the input for the planning. The implementation of additional controls determined to mitigate are planned through the risk treatment plans. These actions are clearly assigned to the appropriate owners with clearly identified timelines. Well-implemented risk treatment plans ensure that the organization is well protected.
Things change: the business may change, the technology changes, the people change. Changes are the only constant in today's world. Also, the vulnerabilities until now unknown will have been exposed to the world or reported. Hence, we have to ensure that our protection systems continue to work even under these constant changes. In order to ensure this, a periodical gap analysis needs to be carried out which sometimes throw up significant surprises. This ensures a check on the implementation of the policies, procedures, and processes, as well as the effectiveness of the existing protective mechanisms or controls including the effectiveness of the information security architecture. This may be done through periodical risk re-assessments leading to additional controls to be implemented through new risk treatment plans.
As discussed earlier, any implementation done in silos rather than organization-wide does not provide adequate protection. Instead, it can create an inconvenience in the usage and also expose us to more threats. Hence, an integrated view at all times in the totality of the business and the organization is required. Also, an effective deployment of all intended policies, procedures, and processes, along with the intended implementation of information security architecture and its various layers is required. All the efforts related to information security need to be thought of in an integrated manner by involving all the relevant stakeholders and need to be implemented based on their dependencies. Incomplete implementation or inadequate attention to any one of the layers may defeat the controls built in other layers. For example, there is no use in implementing a tool for the analysis of the alerts unless the persons who are required to analyze them are trained on the same. Similarly, implementation of new policies and procedures will be useless unless the persons who should understand them and follow them are not aware of them
or are not trained on using them. The implementation of new tools is of no use unless the internal people know how to configure and use them effectively. Relevant people need to be trained, and tools, if any, need to be configured appropriately. The correct working of such tools should be confirmed by testing as required and defects, if any, have to be fixed or their impact understood and only then these tools have to be used. All these steps need to definitely be a part of the planning we talked about earlier in the chapter.


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MorphOS is an operating system, made to look and feel like AmigaOS 3.1 that ceased development in 1994.
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Using large-scale computer simulations, the Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy research group at the Department of Earth and Space Sciences is making important contributions to Joint European Torus (JET), the biggest fusion experiment currently in operation. The simulations provide information about plasma turbulence and transport of plasmas that would be impossible or too expensive to study experimentally.
The research was presented at the 43rd European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics in Leuven, Belgium, 4 to 8 July 2016.
The paper by D. Tegnered et al., Gyrokinetic simulations of transport in pellet fuelled discharges at JET is available at http://ocs.ciemat.es/EPS2016PAP/pdf/P2.009.pdf.
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text: If you're near NYU Medical Center you know that there are only a few places where you can have a pleasant "restaurant" lunch without spending a lot of money. This place is one of them. They have a 2 course prix fixe that with tax and tip and a coffee will run you under $25. I had an excellent soup... More


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Anthony Olubunmi Cardinal Okogie
Former Archbishop of Lagos, Nigeria
Cardinal Priest of Blessed Virgin Mary of Mt. Carmel of Mostacciano
Jun 16, 1936
Oct 21, 2003
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Cardinal Okogie advocates prisons reforms
Jan 09, 2011
LAGOS—THE Arch-bishop of Metropolitan See of Lagos, Anthony Cardinal Okogie, has stressed the need for prison inmates to be adequately cared for in the country.
Okogie who spoke, weekend, during a visit to the Minimum Security Prison, Kirikiri, Lagos, said Nigerian prisons had lost their purposes of being reformative homes.
He said, "the word 'prison' does not sound well. In developed countries, they do not call it prison. They see it as a reformative home. If you tell someone that he or she was going to be thrown into prison, you have already destroyed the person for life. So when the person eventually comes out of it, he sees himself as a jailbird and that idea continues to haunt him.
"In Nigeria, we fail to find out what really prompted the crime he committed, then try to orientate him. When you do these, he can now return to the society and be a useful citizen," he added.
Lays foundation for prison chapel
The Cardinal, who used the occasion of his visit to lay a foundation for the Church Chapel inside the Minimum Security Prison, said the annual event was to ensure that "we visit these prisons and preach to the inmates and try to make them know that they are not forgotten.
"It is true that some of them are there either through their own fault, through the fault of others or otherwise. So it is really a blessed thing to give a spiritual upliftment to them. So, today is a very special day for the inmates here. Instead of spending Christmas with your families, why not spend a day like this with people like these, who probably would not have anybody to visit them."
Also speaking, Sir Patrick Ikemefuna, The Metropolitan Grand Knight, said the purpose of building a chapel in the prison yard was to give Catholic inmates a place of their own to worship.
He said, "that is why the Knights of St Mulumba decided that let us come here and give them a chapel. This chapel will cost N60 million and will be completed within six months. God willing, we will be here on the Cardinal's birthday which is on June 16 to open the place."
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 6, 1998
|Filing date
|Jun 5, 1997
|Priority date
|Jun 5, 1997
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Thomas C. Frick, Dennis R. Hipkins
|Original Assignee
|Mcg, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (17), Classifications (7), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a controller for brushless electric motors. More specifically, the present invention provides a control system for providing optimal operating conditions for a brushless electric motor.
In the field of electrically powered vehicles, such as scooters, golf carts, electric wheelchairs, etc., it is often necessary to operate under a wide variety of conditions. As is well known, when operating electrically powered vehicles, a wide variety of terrain is encountered including flat surfaces, hills, bumps and rougher terrain. Therefore, during the operation of an electric vehicle, it is necessary to have a power system which is capable of handling these various terrain conditions. For example, it would be desirable to provide an electric drive system which, at lower speeds, would provide maximum thrust so as to easily allow the navigation of hills, bumps, etc. It would also be desirable to provide an electric motor which, when running at higher speeds, would be optimized for this high speed operation. In such high speed operation, some amount of thrust can be sacrificed in an effort to maximize the speed.
It would be extremely beneficial to have an electrical motor which has multiple modes to accommodate these two operating conditions. A first mode could be used to optimize torque, especially at lower speeds. This low speed mode would provide more torque to overcome bumps, ridges, etc., however, would not be capable of providing higher speeds at the motor's output. Alternatively, the second mode of operation would be optimized for higher speed operation. This mode would be capable of providing higher speed outputs at the motor shaft, however, would do so at the expense of some torque. This mode would be extremely beneficial for use on flat terrain or once certain speeds have been achieved.
In all of these applications, the use of an electric motor has been widely accepted as a most effective and efficient alternative. Controlling speed of these motors typically involves providing a motor current proportional to the difference between a speed command signal and a speed sensor signal. However, speed sensors add cost to the system and size to the motor package.
Elimination of sensors for monitoring the operation of a motor, however, is not a task easily undertaken. These feedback sensors are an invaluable method of speed control which are not easily replaced. Therefore, most control systems have simply sought to reduce costs in other ways.
The present invention provides a "two mode-type" electrical motor for use in electrically controlled vehicles. These two "mode" provide two separate sets of operating conditions, each set being directed toward a specific mode of operation. More specifically, in a torque optimized "mode" or configuration, the motor can provide additional torque at its output; however, it is not capable of producing high speeds in an efficient manner. Alternatively, in a speed optimized "mode" or configuration, the motor is capable of efficiently achieving higher speeds, albeit at the expense of some output torque. The present system seeks to optimize these two characteristics by providing for a torque optimized configuration at lower speed and then switching to a speed optimized configuration at higher speeds. In this way, when a vehicle is operating at lower speeds it is capable of overcoming hills, bumps, or other obstacles that may be encountered which require additional torque from the electric motor. The system will also be capable of achieving higher speeds in a more efficient manner.
As is well known in the operation of three phase motors, the windings can be connected in the Δ or delta or Y configurations. Each of these configurations are efficient for certain operation; however, the overall operating characteristics of the motor changes when its connection configuration is changed.
The present invention provides relays to easily allow switching between each of these two configurations (Δ and Y configurations). The system also tracks the configuration in which the motor is placed so as to allow further evaluations based on this configuration.
Also, in an effort to minimize costs and expenses, the control for the present motor does not include a speed sensor. A speed sensor adds cost and volume. However, to properly control an electric motor in velocity mode, it is necessary to somehow monitor the speed thereof. This is especially true when switching between different configurations is to be based in part upon the actual motor speed.
In order to monitor the speed of the motor, the present invention utilizes a tachometer calculator as opposed to sensors. This tachometer calculator will monitor the phase current and terminal voltage from the motor during operation and, based on these values, calculate the motor speed. These calculations are accomplished utilizing well known motor equations.
As previously mentioned, the characteristics of an electrical motor will change based upon the power attachment configuration. More specifically, a motor connected in a Δ configuration has different characteristics than a motor connected in a Y configuration, as the constants utilized in motor equations are dependent upon the actual motor configuration. Therefore, in addition to monitoring terminal voltage and phase current, it is necessary for the tachometer calculator to also monitor the specific configuration of the motor.
As previously mentioned, the controller of the present invention includes the capability to supply power in either a Y or Δ configuration. Switching between these two configurations is accomplished either by manual switching or by automatic switching control.
The actual implementation of this dual gear feature requires the use of relays to provide appropriate switching. Again, relays can be a large source of cost and therefore it is necessary to utilize low cost relays. As is well known by those skilled in the art, when it is necessary for relays to switch large amounts of current, the cost will go up. Alternatively, lower cost relays can safely and easily switch lower amounts of electrical current. Therefore, by utilizing a system which minimizes the current during switching operations, lower cost relays are thus feasible and can be used. The controller of the present invention minimizes the current in relays before switching thus allowing for the use of these lower cost relays.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a motor controller with no velocity sensors. In this way, the motor cost and size remain low.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a motor with a dual state operating characteristic such that torque can be optimized in one state and speed can be optimized in a second state.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide appropriate switching between configurations such that low cost relays can be used.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a motor control system wherein motor speed is easily calculated utilizing known motor equations. This calculated motor speed can then be used in the control of the motor itself.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention can be seen by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an illustration of the motor connection methodology which will allow connection in either the delta or Y configuration;
FIG. 2 is a motor characteristics chart illustrating the relationship between motor torque and speed;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart outlining the steps carried out by the present invention during its operation;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the relationships between the speed and switching thresholds;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the controller for manual shifting operation of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the controller for automatic shifting operation of the present invention.
As mentioned, the present invention applies to the application and use of electric motors. In one embodiment of the invention, a three phase p.m. brushless electric motor is utilized in conjunction with a controller to provide two gear operating characteristics. Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a schematic diagram of the power supplying methodology used by the present invention. As is common in electric motor applications, power is supplied to the windings of the motor via a first connection terminal 12, second connection terminal 14 and third connection terminal 16. Each of these terminals are connected to a power supply 18. In this embodiment of the invention, power supply 18 provides three phase power to the motor 10. This will allow electrical power to be supplied to all windings of the motor, including a first winding 20, second winding 22 and third winding 24.
As previously mentioned, it is possible for motor windings in a three-phase motor to be connected in either a Δ or delta or Y configuration. In a Δ configuration, each winding is connected between two terminals of the three phase power supply. More specifically, referring to FIG. 1, first winding 20 would be connected between first terminal 12 and second terminal 14; second winding 22 would be connected between second terminal 14 and third terminal 16; and third winding 24 would be connected between third terminal 16 and first terminal 12. The connection scheme of the present invention to accomplish this Δ configuration includes a first relay 26, a second relay 28 and a third relay 30. When each relay is configured in a first position, the above mentioned delta connection is achieved.
In the aforementioned "Y" configuration, one side of a particular motor winding is connected to a single output from power supply 18 and the other side of the winding is connected to a common point. Referring again to the diagram of FIG. 1, this Y configuration is achieved by having the first side of first winding 20 attached to first terminal 12 and the second side of first winding 20 attached to common point 32. Similarly, second winding 22 has its first side attached to second terminal 14 and its second side attached to common point 32. Lastly, third winding 24 will have its first side attached to third terminal 16 and the second side attached to common point 32. Again, first relay 26, second relay 28 and third relay 30 are configured to allow this "Y" configuration. When each relay is in its second position, this Y configuration is achieved.
Specifically referring to the relays, the aforementioned first position will cause direct connection of the winding to the related terminal. For example, in first relay 26, while in its first position, connection between relay common point 34 and first terminal 12 is created. Similarly, in its second position, each relay will create a connection to common point 32. Again referring to first relay 26, the second position will allow direct connection between relay common point 34 and common point 32. As will be discussed more fully later, each specific configuration for powering the motor windings is beneficial to the operation of an electric motor. More importantly, it is very beneficial to allow the flexibility for connection in either configuration.
First relay 26, second relay 28 and third relay 30 are all controlled by a switching controller 36. Appropriate signals from switching controller 36 will cause first relay 26, second relay 28 and third relay 30 to be positioned in either their first position or second position. Additionally, switching controller 36 is connected to a main controller 38 which directs overall control operations of the present invention. As can be seen, main controller 38 is also connected to power supply 18. In this way, main controller 38 can appropriately monitor the operation of power supply 18 and switching controller 36 to monitor operation of the motor itself. As will be more fully described below, this includes appropriate monitoring and switching to achieve the aforementioned two mode operation.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is a chart illustrating general operating characteristics of electric motors. This chart illustrates the relationship between speed and torque in an operating electric motor. In this chart, two separate regions are highlighted illustrating two desired optimization ranges for an electric motor. In a speed optimized range 40, the motor is capable of achieving high speeds while sacrificing some torque output. Alternatively, in a torque optimized range 42, the motor is capable of providing much higher torque while sacrificing some speed output. In the present embodiment, operation in speed optimized range 40 is achieved by a Δ connection configuration whereas torque optimized range 42 is achieved by a Y connection configuration. Each of these optimization ranges are beneficial dependent upon the desired operating characteristics of the motor. For example, when navigating or traversing rugged terrain, which includes curbs, bumps and other obstacles, it is beneficial to operate a motor in the torque optimized range. Alternatively, when operating in relatively flat terrain, some torque can be sacrificed to achieve greater speeds. Therefore, in the application of electrically powered vehicles, it is beneficial to have the ability to take advantage of both operating ranges.
In the controller of the present invention, no sensor is provided to monitor the motor speed. Such sensors are expensive and require additional space. Therefore, in an effort to keep the cost and size of the present control system low, the control system of the present invention utilizes other methodologies to monitor the motor speed.
The relationship between motor terminal voltage, speed, and phase current is well known and can be described utilizing the familiar motor equation (permanent magnet):
VT =KE ω+IR526
VT is the terminal voltage,
KE is the back EMF constant of the motor (in volts per 1,000 rpm or Krpm),
ω is the motor speed (in Krpm),
I is the phase current (in Amps), and
R526 is the phase-to-phase resistance (in Ohms).
For a given electric motor, the phase-to-phase resistance R526 and the back EMF constant KE will be known. Therefore, by monitoring the motor terminal voltage VT and the phase current I, the motor speed can be calculated. By storing all these values and monitoring the phase current I and terminal voltage VT, a tachometer calculator can be created wherein the speed of the motor is calculated rather than measured. While not completely accurate, as will be seen below, this calculation is sufficient to provide information for use by the present controller.
As previously mentioned, the switching capabilities of the present invention provide the motor with the ability to be connected in either a Y or Δ configuration. This provides large amounts of operating flexibility; however, complicates the above mentioned tachometer calculator. More specifically, the phase-to-phase resistance R.sub..o slashed. in the motor will change dependent upon the connection configuration. Therefore, the motor will have one value of phase-to-phase resistance R.sub..o slashed.Y when connected in a Y configuration while having a different phase-to-phase resistance R.sub..o slashed.Δ when connected in a Δ configuration. Similarly, the back EMF constant KE for a motor will also vary depending upon the connection configuration. A different value for the back EMF constant will exist dependent upon the configuration or connection of the motor (i.e. for KEY for a Y connected motor and KE.o slashed. for a Δ connected motor). Consequently, it is necessary for the system to store and monitor the motor configuration in order to accurately calculate motor speed. This is easily accomplished, however, as the same controller or system (main controller 38) will control switching into the respective configurations.
The separate motor configurations (Y connected versus Δ connected) also cause a difference in the operating characteristics of the motor. In essence, this can be seen as the "gear shift" within the motor. In a first configuration (the Y configuration), the motor is better suited to lower speed, higher torque operation whereas in a second configuration (the Δ configuration) the motor is better suited to a higher speed operation. Therefore, by switching between these two motor configurations (Y and Δ), a two gear operating characteristic is achieved.
In the present invention, the desired configuration or "mode" in which the motor is operating can be dependent upon the speed at which the motor is operating. Alternatively, the configuration can be selected by the user. When operating at lower speeds, it is assumed that more torque is desired for overcoming obstacles, climbing hills, etc. However, when the motor is operating at a higher speed, it is appropriate to switch to the "higher mode" or speed configuration.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the control operation and methodology of the present invention. This illustrates the control methodology utilized to accomplish automatic shifting in the present invention. The system continually monitors the terminal voltage (VT), phase current (I) and existing configuration of the motor (Δ or Y) in step 52. This monitoring may occur periodically, depending on the desired update rate or may be ongoing. Next, the system moves to calculation step 54 wherein the motor speed is calculated. This step also could be recognized as the tachometer calculator wherein motor speed is calculated rather than monitored using a sensor. Following calculation step 54, the motor speed is now known. Next, in decision step 56, the system determines whether the motor speed is below a threshold level ωL. As previously mentioned, the configuration of the motor is dependent upon the actual operating speed. When the system is powered up, the motor will be in its torque configuration or low speed configuration. The configuration will not be changed until the motor has reached a threshold speed where the "speed configuration" is more appropriate.
In decision step 56 if the system determines that the speed is below a threshold (ωL), the process will move to step 58 to determine if the present mode is low. If the gear is presently low, no changes are necessary and the method will loop back to step 52 in which the voltage and phase current are monitored.
Alternatively, if in decision step 58 it is decided that the present mode is high (i.e. it is not low), the system moves on to inhibit step 60. In this step, the drive motor is inhibited and current is no longer provided. In step 62, the system monitors the phase current present to determine whether this is below a switching threshold Ix. If the current is not below this threshold, the system moves to wait step 64 and delays for some predetermined time. Following this, the system will move back to step 62 and again test the current against the threshold Ix. As will be seen, this will continue, causing the system to wait until the current is actually below this threshold level. Once the current has diminished to a level below the threshold, the system moves on to step 66 in which the relays are switched, changing the configuration to a torque or low configuration. Next, the system will move to wait step 68 and delay a predetermined amount of time. This delay allows the relays to settle before current is reapplied. Once this delay has been achieved, the system will again enable the drive in step 70. Following this reconfiguration, the system will loop back to monitor step 52 and continue to monitor the motor operation.
As noted in step 52, the change in configuration will be recognized and also monitored in this step. Now referring back to decision point 56 when the speed was tested against a low threshold level. If the speed is not below the low threshold, the system will move on to step 72 wherein the speed is tested against a high threshold. Referring now to FIG. 4, there is a graph showing the relationship between these speed thresholds and the appropriate "mode". As can be seen, the mode will not be switched to high until the speed exceeds the high threshold ωH. Similarly, the "mode" will not be switched to low until the speed is below a "low threshold" ωL. Additionally, when the speed is between these two threshold levels, no changes will be made to the drive configuration.
Referring back to FIG. 3, if it is determined that the speed is below the high threshold (i.e. the speed is between the low threshold and the high threshold), no changes are necessary and the system then returns to monitor step 52. Alternatively, if the speed is above the high threshold, the system moves on to step 74 to determine the present mode setting. The mode is set to high already, no further changes are needed and the system will return to monitor step 52. However, if the present mode is low, further action is necessary.
It is noteworthy at this point that the steps which will carry out the mode change are substantially similar to those previously described when switching from high to low in steps 60 through 70. More specifically, the system will start by inhibiting the drive in step 76. Next, in step 78, the current is monitored to determine if it is below a threshold level. If the current is not below this threshold, the system will move on to wait step 80 and allow the current to further diminish. Following a predetermined waiting time, the system will return to step 78 and continue to monitor the current. Once the current has reached a level below this threshold, the relays are switched to achieve a high configuration in step 82. Following this switching to a high configuration, the system again will wait a predetermined amount of time in step 84. This wait step allows for the settling of relays before current is applied. Following this predetermined wait period, the system will enable the drives in step 86 and continue its normal operation. Following this enablement of drives in step 86, the system will return to monitor step 52 and continue to monitor motor operation.
Referring back to step 66 wherein the gears are switched, this operation must be carefully carried out. As previously mentioned, the configuration and control system of the present invention utilizes numerous relays (first relay 26, second relay 28, and third relay 30) to switch between the two connection configurations. In a further effort to minimize the cost, size and weight of the device, it is necessary to use relatively small relays in this application. Such relays are not capable of performing switching while carrying large amounts of current. Therefore, it is necessary to inhibit the drive system and allow the phase current to drop below an acceptable level. Ideally, the switching will be performed when no current is being passed through the relays. In this way, no arcs are created between the relay contacts. By avoiding arcing between contacts, the life of the relays is greatly enhanced. In one embodiment of the invention, no switching occurs unless the current is below approximately 5 amps. This threshold level can be tailored to the specific application and needs of the application.
As can be seen from the above description, the control system is achieved which has a two mode operation to appropriately drive the motor in two separate optimized conditions. Further, the cost of the system is kept low by utilizing low cost relays and by not including sensors to monitor speed. Therefore, the system is smaller and less costly.
The above mentioned system described in FIGS. 3 and 4 has been disclosed in the context of an automatic switching configuration. It will be equally understood that in an alternative embodiment, the same concepts could be used in a manual switching configuration. In this context, the same relay and windings configuration is utilized to allow switching between the torque optimized configuration and speed optimized configuration. However, rather than having automatic switching controlled by a system controller, the switch could be actuated by a manual control.
Referring now to FIG. 5 there is shown a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention which utilizes a manual shifting operation. In this embodiment of the invention, a switch is utilized to select the high or low mode. More specifically, switch 100 is capable of being positioned in one of two positions. In a first position the switch will be connected to a high terminal 102 whereas in a second position the switch will be connected to a low terminal 104. These two positions can be used to select the mode of operation for the present motor. This signal is then transmitted to a first flip-flop 106 and a state change detector 108. The system also includes a power up pulse generator 110 which is utilized to ensure the system configuration is known following initial power up. More specifically, when the system is initially powered up, power up pulse generator 110 will provide a pulse at its output 112. This pulse is then transmitted to a first OR-gate 114 and a second OR-gate 116. First OR-gate 114 is utilized to clock first flip-flop 106, thus causing the state from the "gear select" switch to be produced at flip-flop output 118. This output is then provided to an inverting coil driver 120. The output of inverter 120 is attached to first relay 26, second relay 28 and third relay 30. These relays are switched to their appropriate positions.
A second output 122 from first flip-flop 106 is also attached to a multiplexer network 124 to adjust for appropriate gains to account for this configuration. As previously mentioned, the present invention uses a tachometer calculator to determine the motor speed. More specifically, the present invention uses summing network 130 to perform this calculation. Multiplexer network 124 is utilized to adjust the appropriate constants or gain to accommodate either the Δ or Y configuration of the motor. At a first input terminal 132 a signal indicative of motor current is presented, while a second input terminal 134 receives a signal indicative of terminal voltage. These signals are input to tachometer calculator 130 and a signal indicative of motor speed (V.sub.ω) is produced at output 136. This output signal will then be used by further devices within the present system to adjust operation according to calculated speed.
As previously mentioned, the present system provides mechanisms to establish the condition commanded by the state of the mode select switch 100 at startup. This condition will not be changed until a mode change operation is detected.
When mode select switch 100 is moved to a different position, this change is detected by state change detector 108. State change detector 108 will then produce a pulse at its output which is provided to second flip-flop 140. This pulse to second flip-flop 140 will cause its output 142 to go high. This signal is then provided to a drive inhibit mechanism which will inhibit drive of the motor. This transmission to the drive inhibit mechanism is achieved through connection 144. This output is also provided to AND-gate 146. Also connected to AND-gate 146 are a velocity monitor 148 and a current monitor 150.
Velocity monitor 148 has its input connected to the output of tachometer calculator 130 in order to monitor the calculated velocity signal V.sub.ω. This monitor will then output a high signal indicating when the velocity is within a range that is acceptable for shifting. For example, the acceptable velocity may well be some velocity below a predetermined threshold level. As mentioned, this output has been provided to AND-gate 146.
Similarly, current monitor 150 has its input connected to a signal indicative of motor current. This is the same signal which is monitored by tachometer calculator to calculate motor velocity. Again, current monitor 150 will monitor motor current and provide a high output signal indicating when this current is within a predetermined range. This predetermined range is previously defined as that current below which switching of the motor relays is acceptable. The output from current monitor 150 is then provided to AND-gate 146. In summary, AND-gate 146 output goes high when drive inhibit is high, the speed is within an acceptable range for shifting and when the current is also within an acceptable range for shifting.
AND-gate 146 has its output tied to a first timer 152 and a second timer 154. The output of first timer 152 is connected to first OR-gate 114. The output of second timer 154 is connected to a third timer 156. The output of this timer is then connected to the input of second OR-gate 116.
In operation, once AND-gate 146 goes high, this causes first timer 152 to produce a signal on its output which will be transferred to OR-gate 114. OR-gate 114 will then react by providing a signal to first flip-flop 106 which will actuate an actual change in the winding configurations. This is accomplished, as previously mentioned, by producing a signal at its output 118 which will eventually cause first relay 26, second relay 28 and third relay 30 to be actuated. Second timer 154 is configured to delay a certain period of time sufficient for the relays to make the physical switch. The output of second timer 154 is connected to the input of third timer 156 via a direct connection 158. The output of third timer 156 will then produce a signal to second OR-gate 116 at a point in time after which all switching is complete. Second OR-gate 116 will then produce a signal to second flip-flop 140 causing its output to be cleared and more specifically causing the drive inhibit signal 144 to be released. This will allow the drive to then be actuated and operation is now commenced in the new configuration.
Referring now to FIG. 6 which illustrates an embodiment of the present invention which accomplishes switching between the two "modes" automatically. In this embodiment, circuitry very similar to that shown in FIG. 5 is utilized. Consequently, in these two figures like reference numbers are used to identify identical elements. Referring more specifically to FIG. 6, a first difference between the automatic shifting embodiment and the manual shifting embodiment is the elimination of selection switch 100 and its replacement by a mode select element 180. This device has an input from tachometer calculator 130 which is indicative of motor speed. Based upon the speed of the motor, the appropriate mode is selected. The selection can be better seen by referring to FIG. 4. The actual mode to be selected can be controlled by providing an appropriate signal on the output of gear select element 180, which is then provided to first flip-flop 106 and state change element 108. As mentioned with relation to FIG. 5, this will initiate the process of switching modes.
Also notable in this alternative embodiment is the elimination of speed window monitor as this function is properly carried out by gear select element 180.
The aforementioned description has described a system which utilizes two separate modes or configurations for motor operation. It will be equally understood by those skilled in the art that various different operating characteristics can easily be achieved. More specifically, additional switching could be provided to further alter the motor operating characteristics, thus providing additional "modes" which are adapted to certain situations.
Having illustrated and described the principles of the invention in the preferred embodiment, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. We claim all modifications coming within the scope and spirit of the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 15, 1969
|Oct 5, 1971
|Wisconsin Alumni Res Found
|Variable speed electric motor system having stator and rotor windings energized in opposite phase sequence with alternating current corresponding in angular velocity to one-half the angular velocity of the rotor
|Jun 24, 1980
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|Cmd Enterprise, Inc.
|Automatic load seeking control for a multitorque motor
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|May 1, 1984
|Taylor Noel R
|Automatic load seeking control for a pumpjack motor
|Mar 24, 1983
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|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
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|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Ac motor drive with switched autotransformer coupling
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|Satake Engineering Co., Ltd.
|Induction motor switchable between series delta and parallel wye
|Feb 20, 1992
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|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for control of inverter
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|Sparro Machine Products, Inc.
|Programmable speed selector for a Reeves drive
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|Digital, Back EMF, single coil sampling, sensorless commutator system for a D.C. motor
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|Method and apparatus for dynamic low voltage spindle motor operation
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|Camco International, Inc.
|Brushless permanent magnet motor for use in remote locations
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 20, 1997
|Feb 15, 2000
|Smith; Otto J. M.
|Motor starter
|Apr 2, 2001
|Oct 8, 2002
|Mey-Chu Lan
|Driving control apparatus of motorized scooter
|May 1, 2001
|Dec 10, 2002
|Pride Mobility Products Corporation
|Variable-speed control for vehicle
|Mar 15, 2001
|Apr 5, 2005
|Dewert Antriebs-Und Systemtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Electric-motor drive
|Dec 31, 2008
|Dec 3, 2013
|Ilya Rabinovich
|Star-delta many levels starter for an AC induction motor
|Sep 13, 2012
|Feb 24, 2015
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Dynamic reconfiguration-switching of windings in a tape storage drive
|Sep 13, 2012
|Feb 24, 2015
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Dynamic reconfiguration-switching of windings in an electric motor
|Sep 13, 2012
|Mar 17, 2015
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Dynamic reconfiguration-switching of windings in a brushless DC motor
|Sep 13, 2012
|Mar 24, 2015
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Dynamic configuration of a calculation function that optimizes dynamic reconfiguration-switching of windings in an electric motor
|Sep 2, 2008
|Jun 16, 2015
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Increasing tape velocity by dynamic switching
|Mar 1, 2013
|Jun 30, 2015
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|Selectively lowering resistance of a constantly used portion of motor windings in disk drive
|Nov 18, 2014
|Sep 20, 2016
|Globalfoundries Inc.
|Dynamic reconfiguration-switching of windings in an electric motor
|Sep 2, 2008
|Mar 4, 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Increasing tape velocity by dynamic switching
|Sep 13, 2012
|Jan 24, 2013
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Dynamic reconfiguration-switching of windings in an electric motor
|Apr 30, 2005
|May 2, 2007
|Controlling method and apparatus of discontinuous power supply combined with star angle converting for motor of pumping unit
|May 4, 2001
|Nov 14, 2001
|George Leitner
|Variable-speed control for vehicle
|May 4, 2001
|May 28, 2003
|Pride Mobility Products Corporation
|Variable-speed control for vehicle
|U.S. Classification
|318/771, 318/772, 318/773, 318/776
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 5, 1997
Owner name: MCG, INC., MINNESOTA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FRICK, THOMAS C.;HIPKINS, DENNIS R.;REEL/FRAME:008770/0432
Effective date: 19970604
|Apr 6, 1999
|Certificate of correction
|Apr 23, 2002
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 7, 2002
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 3, 2002
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20021006


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Christians assume that the non-religious or the "spiritual but not religious" are necessarily undisciplined. Pastors complain that young people today are more hedonistic because they are less religious. 408 more words
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Flash Fiction | Almost There
He wasn't just proving a dream date, he was proving a dream guy. He was fine with them splitting the bill, he didn't get up when she excused herself to go to the restroom, no sly peeks at his smartphone when they were talking, no holding the door open for her – not for the restaurant, not for the car – although he did gesture her to both go in and sit in before him. 146 more words
Awkward and anxious, ready to make a change.
Should I start with my story or should I start with my purpose? Which is more important? … OK, purpose. To hold myself accountable as I fight my inclination to sit quietly at home and instead take action to fight a political climate I despise. 345 more words
She walked along a noisy road
A couple years ago my daughter wrote this poem for a high school literature class assignment. She was required to select a controversial topic in current events. 229 more words
Hitler Was Christian
Christians like to claim Hitler was an Atheist. I get so tired of hearing this argument. So I wanted to provide some simple facts so that we may move on from the misinformed statement. 437 more words
Lets get to the bottom of this
I have watched many debates between christians and atheists. One thing that has always bothered me is you can't get a straight forward answer from a christian about text in the bible. 78 more words
My First Post
I have never blogged before today. So why did I start today? Well I have a lot to say and no place to say it. Facebook is where I share my life with the world. 342 more words


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Welcome to PHCorner Forums. Take a moment to Sign up and gain unlimited access and extra privileges that guests are not entitled to, such as:
- Ask support for computer & mobile issues.
- Learn free internet tricks for your android phone, mobile network, and computer.
All that and more! Registration is quick, simple and absolutely free. Join our community today!
FREE INTERNET FOR (SMART, SUN and TM) Working na Working 100%
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Reader: Guns N' Roses -- "Anyone willing to pay for that deserves what they get"
In an open letter to fans on gunsnroses.com from 2008, Axl Rose took questions by those criticizing him for soldiering on with GNR without Slash and the other dudes head on: "Why keep the name? I'm literally the last man standing. Not bragging, not proud. It's been a fucking nightmare but I didn't leave Guns and I didn't drive others out," he wrote before adding a few graphs later, "I don't see myself as solely Guns but I do see myself as the only one from the past making the effort to take it forward whether anyone approves or not..." That's all well and good, but for folks like YMMV, who posted our comment of the day, if you're paying to see GNR at this point, you get what you pay for:
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DownTester allows you to easily test your Internet download speed in multiple locations around the world. It automatically test the download speed of the URLs that you choose, one after another. It moves to the next download URL after the specified number of seconds has been elapsed or after it downloads the specified amount of KB - just according to your preferences.
DownTester v.1.28
DownTester allows you to easily test your Internet download speed in multiple locations around the world. It automatically test the download speed of the URLs that you choose, one after another. It moves to the next download URL after the specified number of seconds has been elapsed or after it downloads the specified amount of KB - just according to your preferences.
After the download test is finished, you can easily save the result into text/html/xml/csv file, or copy it to the clipboard and paste it into Excel and other applications.
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While Austrian superbadass Felix Baumgartner was setting new records by jumping out of a capsule more than 20 miles above the surface, everyone out in the Twitterverse did what they do to break the tension: they cracked jokes about the situation, often at the expense of Red Bull, the sponsor of the event and manufacturer of alcohol poisoning's favorite wingman.
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If the American Motors Corporation were around today, it would want you to get out there and drive like a champion.
Kinja is in read-only mode. We are working to restore service.


text: Good morning ladies and gents, I thought I would kick off the (judging from reading last year's topic) highly polarising discussion on this year's "Uniform to Work Day", the Army Briefing Note for which is available in the news section on the front page of Armynet and should hopefully have made it into your unit's part one orders as well. I'd be interested to see if consensus has changed from last year? All the best, Fluff_eei


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Have your very own karaoke at the beach and sing your favorite tunes out loud; or enjoy volleyball with your friends or go for a game of golf; it's all possible. Also, foodies may love to try some exotic foods available in the area, which will add more delight to your overall experience.
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If you ever find yourself in central Africa, here's a piece of advice: don't mess with the frogs. As Ed Yong over at "Not Exactly Rocket Science" warns us, several species of them come equipped with a set of bony Wolverine-like claws that punch through their skin when threatened.
Nature's full of clawed animals, but the frogs' defense mechanism is unique in the natural world because their claws literally rip through the skin when extended. They're also made of bone instead of keratin (sorry, no adamantium claws are known to exist in reality, except for this guy). Researchers aren't sure if the claws are retractable or not, and as Yong notes, they may never really want to find out:


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DCS offers a turnkey experience from sales, to hardware, to installation, to service and continued support.
For more than half a century, the Gagerman family has owned and managed check cashing locations throughout Northern Illinois. They began utilizing computer processes throughout their check cashing locations in 1985 and soon created Digital Currency Systems. Since then, DCS has developed processes that have made standard industry procedures simpler, stronger and more secure.
Nearly a decade ago, Todd Gagerman joined the DCS team to later become President and CEO. Todd graduated with his Bachelors in Computer Engineering from Purdue University, and has significant expertise in the field of software engineering and implementation.
Digital Currency Systems has continued to grow and evolve by adding creative, knowledgeable, and committed employees. The company is proud to offer the only modular app system to MSBs, allowing business owners to build the solution that best fits their needs.
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© 2017 Digital Currency Systems - All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy | Copyright
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Boston Terrier Puppies
Displaying 1 - 9 of 9 Litters of Boston Terrier Puppies from Health Tested Parents
Am Ch El-Bo'S Mr Bob of Elsinore (Imp Usa) x Joan The Bone of Mallbarton
Mallbarton Boston Terriers
15th May 2017
Dam Health Tested
Scan has confirmed a litter due from my beautiful girl Maisy (Joan the Bone at Mallbarton) and MR Bob (American champion
Elbos mr Bob of Elsinore
Import USA) We are very excited about this litter and are expecting some super puppies come May
Mactawbay Man In A Million x Little Lulu Girl
4th February 2017
Parents Health Tested
A beautiful healthy litter of Boston puppies with impeccable pedigrees. one male puppy left from the litter to be homed. This pup had been reserved at 3 weeks old, however a change in the owners circumstances means he has not been collected. He is KC registered, health checked, weaned and wormed. He has had his vaccinations and been micro chipped. Due to the situation we have reduced his price as we want him to go to a loving family asap.
Deniro Flawless (Imp Mlt) x Matera'S Nordic Star
Matera Boston Terriers
8th January 2017
Parents Health Tested
Only 2 girls now available. Puppies come from an excellent pedigree with over 30 champions in it. Puppies are hereditary clear for JHC. Sire and Dam also clear for Late Onset Cataracts. Puppies have been brought up in the home and used to other dogs, dam self whelped. Puppies come from super temperaments so they will make excellent family pets. All puppies come with a good puppy pack, pedigree, Kc papers and a life time of support.
Wildax Mckenzie of Santorna x Lady Ullswater
Bostonbunch Boston Terriers
28th February 2017
Parents Health Tested
Little boy available
Mum and dad can be seen as they are both owned by me great Wildax pedigree in the bloodline.please contact us for further details
Ch Wildax Augustus Brown x Melody Spirit
Greater Manchester
6th December 2016
Parents Health Tested
Our lovely Melody Spirit has had a wonderful litter sired by CH Wildax Augustus Brown, Pups are now ready for new loving homes. All pups have been VET checked, vacinated, microchiped & KC Registered. Reared in our home and are well used to Children, Adults and Cats. House-training is underway and going well.
Zeredith Ring Ring of Ringablok x Ringablok Queen of Diamonds
Ringablok Boston Terriers
30th April 2017
Parents Health Tested
small litter of 2 girls (sold) 2 boys
out of hc-hsf4 parents both are here to be seen
Mallbarton One Step Beyond x Boscally Ling Ling
Boscally Boston Terriers
13th January 2017
Parents Health Tested
Boscally has 2 boys and 1 girls looking for there forever homes
ready to leave 12-02-2017
KC registered, microchipped, and first injection
viewing welcome
Ch Wildax Augustus Brown x Norwilbeck Luvly Jubly
Norwilbeck Boston Terriers
3rd April 2017
Parents Health Tested
Beautiful Boston babies available for their new homes end of May. KC registered,excellent pedigree HC-HSF4 clear,microchipped wormed and insured.First vacination given,vet checked.These puppies have been raised indoors and are well socialised.
Jolly Joker Harpagon x Yeleah Tiny Dancer To Eldawil
30th December 2016
Dam Health Tested
I am delighted to announce the safe arrival of a beautiful, healthy litter of 6 KC registered Boston Terrier Puppies, 3 girls and 3 boys.
I have both brindle white & black and white puppies, these puppies have fabulous breeding with over 20+ champions. Including (Multi Int CH Kashmere's Icing On The Cake, MLCH-LU-DE/VDH-DE/CBD, Cara Mia Von Der Hessenvilla, CH-VDH,JCH-LUX Our Flowers Alberich, CH-LUX-DK-CRO, JCH-D,JW.W, Artic Queen Harpagon, (FCI) -MLCHPL, MLZWPL CH-PL And Renea's Rocket Star Man CH-PL-USA-LT-LV-EST-LUX.
Both European and English lines.
DAM & SIRE are .... (click to read more)
Displaying 1 - 9 of 9 Litters of Boston Terrier Puppies from Health Tested Parents


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Trafford College
|This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Trafford College
|Trafford, Greater Manchester
|Further Education
|Ofsted number
|Trafford College
Trafford College is a further education college in Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. It was formed with the merger of North Trafford College and South Trafford College in 2007. At its most recent Ofsted College inspection in 2009 Trafford College was graded as "Good" .[1] Sir Bill Moorcroft was appointed principal of the newly merged Trafford College in September 2007. He was awarded a knighthood in the Queen's Birthday Honours in July 2008, recognised for his services to local and national further education.
Campuses and facilities[edit]
Trafford College has two campuses: Altrincham Campus and the Centre for Science & Technology (Talbot Road, Stretford, Manchester), plus the Skills Shop based at the Trafford Centre.
Altrincham campus offers A-Levels and a range of vocational courses in Business & Accountancy, Childcare, Creative Arts & Media, Foundation Learning, Hairdressing, Beauty & Spa Therapies, Health & Social Care, Hospitality, IT & Computing, Sport & Uniformed Services, and Tourism and Aviation. Facilities include the Strive Fitness Suite, Enhance Salon & Spa and Aspire Restaurant Bar.
The Centre for Science & Technology at Talbot Road opposite Lancashire County Cricket Club is STEM Assured, and has Engineering and Motor Vehicle workshops, Science labs, and AMC and AM2 Training Centres. The Centre offers a range of vocational courses in Electrical Installation, Electronics, Engineering, Engineering Services for Buildings, Foundation Learning, Gas, Motor Vehicle, Plumbing, Science and A Levels in Applied Science, Biology, Chemistry, English Language, Maths, Physics and Psychology.
The Skills Shop, based at INTU Trafford Centre, offers training programmes to young people in Retail, Hospitality and Customer Service. The hub also provides employers with both staff development and training solutions.
A Levels[edit]
Trafford College offers A Levels in: Applied Science, Art & Design (Fine Art), Biology, Business Studies, Chemistry, Communications & Culture, English Language, English Literature, Film Studies, French, Geography, Government & Politics, History, Law, Mathematics, Media Studies, Physics, Psychology, Sociology.
Vocational qualifications[edit]
Trafford College offers a wide range of vocational qualifications in: Business & Accountancy, Childcare, Creative Arts & Media, Engineering & Electrical Electronics, Engineering Services for Buildings, Foundation Learning, Gas, Plumbing & Electrical, Hairdressing, Beauty & Spa Therapies, Health & Social Care, Hospitality, IT & Computing, Motor Vehicle, Music, Science, Sport & Uniformed Services, Tourism & Aviation.
In addition to A Levels and vocational provision, Trafford College also offers a range of apprenticeships where learners combine work and study whilst being paid a wage. Apprenticeships available include: Accountancy, Barbering, Beauty Therapy, Business Administration, Childcare, Civil Engineering, Customer Services, Electrical Installation, Electrical Engineering, Engineering, Engineering Services for Buildings, Facilities Services, Gas, Hairdressing, Health & social Care, Hospitality, Improving Operational Performance, Instructing Exercise & Fitness, IT, Laboratory Technician, Management, Motor Vehicle, Nail Services, Operational Maintenance Engineering, Plumbing, Polymer Processing, Process Manufacturing, Professional Cookery, Retail, Science & Pharmacy, Supply Chain Management, Supporting Teaching & Learning, Warehousing & Storage.
National Skills Academies at Trafford College[edit]
Trafford College has 4 National Skills Academies in: Retail, Hospitality, Sport & Active Leisure and Financial Services.
STEM Assured[edit]
Trafford College holds STEM Assured status. STEM Assured is the standard for assuring the delivery of vocational STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education and training. The standard has been specifically developed to assure the quality of an integrated, cross-curricular approach to STEM vocational education. It is awarded by the New Engineering Foundation, NEF: The Innovation Institute.
Business training[edit]
Trafford College offers a range of training for businesses.
Adult learning[edit]
Trafford College offer a range of professional qualifications, short leisure courses, Community Learning courses that are delivered in venues across Trafford, and Looking for Work programmes to support people in moving back into employment.
HE provision[edit]
Working in conjunction with partner universities and employers, Trafford College offers Access to Higher Education courses, a range of full-time and part-time courses from Foundation Degrees to HNC/Ds and a number of Professional Courses.
Notable alumni[edit]
- Jason Orange: Singer (Returned to do his A-levels at the Altrincham campus after Take That first split).[2]
- John Squire: Guitarist, The Stone Roses [3]
- Ian Brown: Singer, The Stone Roses
- ^ "Full College Inspection". Retrieved 2015-03-20.
- ^ "Trafford College - A-Z Unis & Colleges , Getting Into University - The Independent". London. 2009-07-16. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
- ^ Robb, John (2001). The Stone Roses and the Resurrection of British Pop. Random House. p. 28. ISBN 0-09-187887-X.


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ATI Catalyst 6.5 Performance Analysis
Half Life 2
Version and / or Patch Used: Unpatched
Timedemo or Level Used: Custom Timedemo
Developer Homepage: http://www.valvesoftware.com
Product Homepage: http://www.half-life2.com
By taking the suspense, challenge and visceral charge of the original, and adding startling new realism and responsiveness, Half-Life 2 opens the door to a world where the player's presence affects everything around him, from the physical environment to the behaviors even the emotions of both friends and enemies.
We benchmark Half Life 2 with our own custom timedemos as to avoid possible driver optimizations using the "record demo_name" command and loading the timedemo with the "timedemo demo_name" command - For a full list of the commands, click here.
Half Life 2 also sees no performance increase on any of the cards.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
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- Page 1 [Introduction]
- Page 2 [Benchmarks - Test System Setup and 3DMark03]
- Page 3 [Benchmarks - 3DMark05]
- Page 4 [Benchmarks - 3DMark06]
- Page 5 [Benchmarks - Far Cry]
- Page 6 [Benchmarks - Half Life 2]
- Page 7 [Benchmarks - Doom 3]
- Page 8 [Benchmarks - Quake 4]
- Page 9 [Benchmarks - F.E.A.R.]
- Page 10 [Benchmarks - High Quality AA and AF]
- Page 11 [Final Thoughts]
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- MSI announces new thin and light GP62X and GP72X Leopard Pro Series gaming laptops
- EK is releasing Full-Cover water blocks for the ASUS ROG Strix GeForce GTX 1080 Ti


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I started running an NLP Practitioner Training on Saturday. It is always exciting to work with a new group of people wanting to transform their lives. I must have run over 50 or 60 Practitioner trainings, and at the beginning of the training I always encourage students to set clear outcomes. To learn most effectively, it really is important to have clear outcomes in mind, and for students to realise their benefits from the training, having a clear evidence procedure for knowing whether they have achieved their outcome is essential.
When you set an outcome, you need a clear measure to let you know if you are getting closer or further away from your outcome. For example, if you were laying down a train track, if one track was laid down at a slight angle away from the other track, you might not notice it for a while, but miles in the distance, there would be an extremely wide gap between them.
The sooner you take action on the feedback, the better.