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Colindale, Barnet
An 'opportunity area' (now being taken advantage of) in the hinterland of the A5 south of Edgware
Colindale's name probably derives from 16th-century residents the Colinn family. The settlement took root at the end of the 19th century, near the older but now-lost hamlet of Colindeep, which lay in the valley of the Silk Stream, a tributary of the River Brent.
Once considered part of Hendon, but now separated from that district by the M1, the eastern side of Colindale has had a long association with aeronautics. In the years leading up to 1914, aircraft manufacturing and pilot training dominated the locality – and these activities multiplied after the outbreak of the First World War, with associated industries attracted by government intervention. After its establishment in 1918, the Royal Air Force flew from Hendon aerodrome, which the government acquired in 1925.
During the Second World War the aerodrome became a transport, communications and training base, but its unsuitability for post-war jet aircraft meant that the last flying units left in 1957, although RAF Hendon didn't officially close until 1988. The RAF Museum opened on the base in 1972, in two of the aerodrome's original hangers, which have been supplemented since by other exhibition halls.
The GLC's Grahame Park estate filled most of the RAF site from the late 1960s. On Aerodrome Road, to the estate's south, the Peel Centre is the Metropolitan Police's main training establishment. On Colindale Avenue, Public Health England operates specialist and reference microbiology services and infectious disease surveillance, including outbreak investigation.
As a designated zone for 'housing intensification', Colindale is presently experiencing more redevelopment than almost any other part of London.
Thousands of new homes have filled Beaufort Park (a 25-acre corner of the former aerodrome, shown in the photograph at the top of the page) and many more have been built or are planned for construction in place of run-down council housing and on sites previously occupied by Colindale hospital (redeveloped as 'Pulse'), the Oriental City shopping centre, the British Library Newspaper Library and on 54 acres of surplus land at the Peel Centre.
Meanwhile, the police training centre itself will be fully rebuilt "to deliver facilities fit for the needs of modern policing" and to reflect the fact that residential training no longer takes place here.
Colindale has historically been a relatively deprived locality – by the standards of a prosperous borough – but this is changing as the rash of private housing projects brings in better-off newcomers, whom Barnet council seem to prefer because they pay more council tax and rely less on public services.
Prompted by his familiarity with Hendon aerodrome and Colindale tube station, TE Lawrence ('Lawrence of Arabia') adopted the pseudonym 'Colin Dale' when writing reviews for The Spectator.
Postal district: NW9
Population: 17,098 (2011 census)
Station: Northern line (zone 4)
Blog: Colindale Renewal
* The picture entitled Bus at Beaufort Park at the top of this page is adapted from an original photograph, copyright Des Blenkinsopp, and the picture of what is now called PHE Colindale is adapted from an original photograph, copyright Stacey Harris, both at Geograph Britain and Ireland, made available under the Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic Licence. Any subsequent reuse is hereby freely permitted under the terms of that licence.
The medieval Bavarian town of Rothenburg inspired the architecture of Temple Fortune.
Fancy a long walk? Coldharbour is a Thames promontory with the most remote sculpture in London.
Tudor courtier Ralph Sadleir built a house in Hackney. Now it's a National Trust property.
Only one block survives from the forest of towers that Hackney council built in Clapton Park.
London's projected population growth over the next 10 years, mapped and tabulated by borough.
Back in 1890 "Messrs Twining" were "one of the oldest firms in London." They're still there today.
Count Peter of Savoy built Savoy Palace in 1246 and its site is now occupied by a luxury hotel.
Did King James and a kettle mender really share a few beers at an alehouse on Whitewebbs Lane?
The story of the sumptuous and sensual Wallace Collection. It's almost too gorgeous.
'Rooting Tooting' has been variously dubbed 'Little South India' and 'the new Shoreditch'.
Elizabeth I is said to have picnicked beneath the Honor Oak. And maybe she really did!
Sidcup's Albany Park is mostly unexciting but it has one of the best post-war churches in London.
At the heart of the East End, Whitechapel has a multicultural community and a famous hospital.
The Golden Boy of Pye Corner is supposed to warn Londoners of the fiery consequences of overeating.
Looking almost too perfect to be true, Normansfield Theatre is a unique Victorian survivor.
A brief history (and lots of photographs) of Forty Hall, Enfield's newly restored 'Jewel in the Crown'.


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TUBS, journalist: The basic idea is that fat is good, the fatter the better - these are all mutual: Chubby Chops, Chubby O'Hara, Chublet, Chubs, Chubby Checker, Tublet, Tublanoff, Tubby Tupper, Fatola, Honey, Hongel, Hubby and Hublet.
LEO COOPER, publisher: Absolutely not. We use each other's names. Sorry not to be more joyous.
BONEHEAD, legal secretary: I don't mind it too much because he also calls me Sexy Bum. I call him Snork, which is a character from the Moomintroll childrens' books, it looks a bit like a nice, round little hippo.
JULIE BURCHILL, columnist: We don't have silly pet names. I call him C, as in ABC, because that is his initial, and he calls me B. Nobody else would call us that, so it's intimate, without being sickening.
MACARONI, magazine designer: I didn't appreciate being compared to a stick of pasta but as I'm so thin, that is what my husband used to think I looked like. I have hundreds of names for him: Punky, Koala, Monkey, Tabby-father and Pub-Kitten - he once spotted a really cute kitten in the pub, and the pub is where he spends half his life. He likes to be called Stallion, but I don't like that one much.
SUSAN, personnel assistant: My partner's not very romantic. Once I said he looked like Robert de Niro and he just fell around laughing, then he said, 'You look great too, your lips are like petals - bicycle petals' and 'your cheeks are like peaches - football peaches.' In rare moments of emotion he might call me 'darling'. I just call him Dave now.
MR TOAD, design graduate: I call my girlfriend Tiggy, short for Mrs Tiggywinkle, because she's quite round and can roll into a cute little ball. She is also spiky, snorty and covered in fleas, and she eats slugs, ha ha. I don't know why she calls me Mr Toad, it's probably because I call her Tiggy.
GNU-GIRL, magazine editor: My boyfriend calls me Tapir, as well, on account of my prominent nose. I used to be called Gestapo, because I was thought to be bossy, which then developed into SS, which stuck.
RODENT, art dealer: I call my girfriend Proboscis beacuse her upper lip protrudes, and Dork when she's wearing her glasses as they make her look half- witted.
VEGGIE, solicitor: I am called Vegetable or Veggie by my girlfriend because she thinks I don't do anything, and I call her it back. When talking to other people I refer to her as Snuggles or Snugs as a kind of joke. There was a brief time when I called her Mucus, because she seemed like a big bogey.
PIGLET, picture restorer: My last girlfriend named me after all the characters from Winnie-the-Pooh and I absolutely hated it. If you're going to use pet-names they should be hard-core, not namby-pamby. Something like Sex-God would do nicely.
(Photograph omitted)
- More about:
- Cat (felis)
- Dating
- Newspapers And Magazines
- Pets

subset: commoncrawl


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UPCOMING Reunion of Langley-Bath-Clearwater High classes of 1952-80 5 p.m. to midnight Saturday, Aug.
Wellness at work...
Evans-based TaxSlayer.com and Gator Bowl Sports reached a six-year deal Thursday that will make the online tax preparation company, which serves as the bowl's title sponsor, the sole headlining name for the college football game, according to a news release.
Stevens Creek Elementary Third Nine Weeks Honor Roll
Evans Middle Third Nine Weeks Honor Roll
Undefeated champs...
The Schuman National Underclassmen Combine, Showcase and 7 on 7 Tournament will be held at Grovetown High School in conjunction with Sports Academy South on May 4.
Football evaluations are done for second- to 11th-graders.
Go to www.nucsports.
Monday, April 14
Evans vs. Harlem, 5 p.m.
Greenbrier at Burke County, 5 p.m.
Lakeside at Fox Creek, 5:30 p.m.
Tuesday, April 15
Harlem at Josey, 4 p.m.
Augusta Prep at Pinewood Christian Academy, 4:30 p.m.
Grovetown vs. Thomson, 6 p.m.
Athlete Spotlight for Wednesday, April 9, 2014.
Lakeside High School seniors Austen Townsend and Forrest Nanney signed on to play college football.
A double threat in the pool, Evans High School's Dillon Keeler saved his best for last and was named the Augusta Chronicle Area Swimmer of the Year.
After having a career year, Evans High School senior soccer player Josh Baker is calling it quits at the end of the season.
A couple of weeks ago rumors surfaced that former Greenbrier and UGA slugger, Rich Poythress, had been released by the Seattle Mariners. The news caught many, including me, off guard.
Columbia County News-Times ©2017. All Rights Reserved.


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A PhD is a highly advanced degree that helps graduates become experts within a field. Earning this degree may help students be better qualified for their chosen careers as well as any other professional pursuits they may have.
The education ministry runs education in China. The government often provides partial funding for the higher education in the technical and public universities. The Chinese government has also developed academic curriculum that allows those students with vocational skills to nurture their talents.
Online PhD in Engineering in China
or search for similar programs here


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Top Craft Beers In Houston For Your 4th Of July Backyard BBQNo Texas barbecue is complete without a selection of local brews. And with the number of craft beers widely available in Houston-area grocery stores, it's easy to add local flavor to your next summer shindig or Independence Day celebration.
7 Best July 4th Summer Wedding TrendsStart planning your July 4th summer wedding with these trendy ideas.
Best July Fourth Party Decorations & SuppliesThere are lots of ways to decorate for the Fourth of July on a budget. Here are seven ideas to spark your inner decorator.
July 4th Desserts Full Of Red, White & BlueStart crafting your July 4th dessert spread with these red, white, and blue recipes.
Top 4th Of July Parties In HoustonThe 4th of July is a day to celebrate American independence and these parties are a great way to pay tribute to the land you love.
Best Places In America To Celebrate The 4th Of JulyThe Fourth of July holiday is a time when families get out and celebrate the birth of our nation. For this holiday, many communities across the country host festivals that feature live entertainment, food, vendors, activities and fireworks.
Celebrate The Fourth Of July Without FireworksIf the nearest July 4th fireworks display isn't so near, there are other ways to have a safe and sparkly holiday. Read on for some of these creative ways to light up your 4th of July when a fireworks display isn't an option.
America's Most Patriotic Summer Vacation SpotsThe U.S.A. boasts all-American tourist spots from sea to shining sea.
July 4th Party Games For Adults And KidsGet a little creative this Fourth of July. Here are five fun party games to entertain all the guests at your upcoming holiday barbecue.
Top Restaurants With A View Of July 4th's Fireworks In HoustonCheck out one of these restaurants to watch the July 4th fireworks in Houston!
Healthy & Fun Fourth Of July FoodsBe both healthy and festive at your Fourth of July BBQ with these red, white, and blue dish ideas.
Top Stores In Houston For Fourth Of July ParaphernaliaLet's get patriotic and bring out the red, white and blue this 4th of July at the top stores in Houston for Fourth of July decor and more.


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In this book, we introduce some generalized probabilistic structure by extending several concepts of known classical spaces such as Random Space, Ultrametric Space and Hyper Space. In these newly developed probabilistic structure, we prove several fixed point theorem under some generalized contraction conditions. Particularly, a fixed point theorem for iterated function system (IFS) on a precompact probabilistic metric (PM) spaces investigated. In addition, we extend the theory of fixed points for multi-valued contractions in PM spaces and prove several common fixed point theorems and coincidence point theorems. In the case of non existence of fixed point, we study the approximate fixed point with some weak conditions. In chapter 6 we prove a fixed point theorem for self discontinuious mappings on probabilistic normed spaces.Finally, in the last two chapters, we considered the intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. We extend the fuzzy quasi-metric spaces to intuitionistic fuzzy quasi-metric spaces. By defining an appropriate contraction condition we proved a fixed point theorem in this space.


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The South America Travel Blog is the best way to keep you briefed with new and updated content to Unique South America Travel Experience.com.
Whichever destination you intent to cover, this is the best way to start your most unforgettable South America vacations...
In fact, RSS gives you complete freedom and anonymity while keeping you permanently posted.
It's pretty easy to subscribe to this blog...and far less dangerous than the above picture may suggest.
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All your opinions and suggestions about this site are very welcome so please don't hesitate to tell us all about it through the Contact Us form.


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Finally the most anticipated official video is out clearly getting ready to
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Monsignor McClancy Memorial High School is a co-educational Catholic high school located in the East Elmhurst neighborhood of Queens, New York. As of Fall 2012, the school started accepting young women. Founded by the Brothers of the Sacred Heart in 1956, Msgr. McClancy Memorial High School serves the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn and provides education for approximately 550 students from grades 9 to 12. Admissions is open to any student of any ethnicity and of any faith, but requires TACHS (Test for Admission into Catholic High Schools) scores from students entering from the 8th grade, students on other levels contact the school directly. The school was first founded in 1956, dedicated to the memory of Msgr. Joseph V. McClancy, a long time diocesan Superintendent of Schools for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn. The school is chartered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York and accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.
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Pelle Pelle 2014 Cypher Rahzel, Rahzel Jr., Warchyld, Dunn Lemagne, Dice, Lotto Aura, & More! [Video]
Pelle Pelle has always been synonymous with hip hop from their very inception in 1978. Pelle Pelle remains known for their intricately detailed leather jackets that have been worn by some of hip hop's biggest stars. Their jackets have been spotted on TI, 50 Cent, French Montana, and almost all of hip hop's heavyweights at some point in time or another. Pelle Pelle has continued to add to their ever-growing catalogue of hip hop history. They recently released a freestyle featuring the legendary beatboxer Rahzel, formerly of The Roots, with his son Rahzel Jr. Today, they're releasing a full length cipher, featuring a host of emcees, includingDice, Dunn LeMagne, Pep the Champ, WarChyld, and Lotto Aura, with Rahzel, the Godfather of Noyze, beatboxing in the background.
Rocko Rathon : Twitter | Instagram


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Washington (DC, 2003)
Conference papers and proceedings
|Material Type:
|Conference publication, Internet resource
|Document Type:
|Book, Internet Resource
|All Authors / Contributors:
Nicholas Penny; Eike D Schmidt; National Gallery of Art (U.S.)
|9780300121605 0300121601
|OCLC Number:
|Based on an international conference held on the occasion of the opening of the new sculpture galleries in the NGA, Washington, DC in 2003.
|512 pages : illustrations (some color), map ; 29 cm.
|Collecting ancient sculpture : the beginnings / Salvatore Settis --
Instauratio and Pietas : the della Valle collections of ancient sculpture / Kathleen Wren Christian --
Fifteenth-century reliefs of ancient emperors and empresses in Florence : production and collecting / Francesco Caglioti --
Silver shrine of Saint Simeon in Zadar : collecting ancient coins and casts after the antique of fifteenth-century Dalmatia / Stanko Kokole --
Collectors of Renaissance reliefs : Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) and Baron Boissel de Monville (1763-1832) / Douglas Lewis --
"Pied destal ou soubsbassement" : displaying sculpture in Renaissance France / Ian Wardropper --
Cardinal Ferdinando, Maria Maddalena of Austria, and the early history of ivory sculptures at the Medici court / Eike D. Schmidt --
Carving out lives : the role of sculptors in the early history of the Accademia di San Luca / Peter M. Lukehart --
Exhibition of sculpture on the Villa Borghese Facades in the time of Cardinal Scipione Borghese / Kristina Herrmann Fiore --
Sculpture in Spanish collections from Philip II to Philip IV / Kelley Helmstutler Di Dio --
Artists as collectors of sculpture in baroque Rome / Jennifer Montagu --
Larson workshop : reproducing sculpture in seventeenth-century Holland / Frits Scholten --
Two French royal sculpture gardens : the Orangerie of Versailles and the Jardin Haut of Marly / Betsy Rosasco --
Marble hunting party : the Companions of Diana for Marly / Alison Luchs --
Pope Clement XI's Museo di Modelli in the Vatican Palace / Olga Raggio --
Visions of sculpture : some French eighteenth-century sculptures seen by draftsmen and painters / Guilhem Scherf --
"For Pembroke statues, dirty gods and coins" : the collecting, display, and uses of sculpture at Wilton House / Malcolm Baker --
Sir Francis Dashwood of West Wycombe Park, Buckinghamshire, as a collector of ancient and modern sculpture / Tim Knox --
Bronzes in two eighteenth-century Viennese collections / Manfred Leithe-Jasper --
Evolution of the plinth, pedestal, and socle / Nicholas Penny.
|Series Title:
|Studies in the history of art (Washington, D.C.), 70.; Studies in the history of art (Washington, D.C.)., Symposium series ;, 47.
|edited by Nicholas Penny and Eike D. Schmidt.
|More information:
Publisher Synopsis
"Under the editorship of Nicholas Penny and Eike Schmidt, this volume represents a large tranche of recent sculptural scholarship within its covers. The editing has been generous and light, retainingRead more...
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Related Subjects:(8)
- Sculpture, European -- Congresses.
- Sculpture -- Collectors and collecting -- Europe -- Congresses.
- Sculpture -- Collectors and collecting.
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Coupling, Two Piece, Bore Dia 3/8 x 1/4 In
RULAND MANUFACTURING| Zoro #: G0936363| Mfr #: SPX-6-4-SS
Zoro #: G0936363Mfr. Part #: SPX-6-4-SS
$60.21 /ea
This item ships free. DetailsStandard ground shipping
Technical Specifications
|Zoro #: G0936363 Mfr #: SPX-6-4-SS
|Max. Torque (In.-Lbs.): 145
|Design: Four Vibration Resistant Socket Capscrews
|Finish: Bright
|Bore Dia.: 3/8 x 1/4"
|Item: Rigid Shaft Coupling
|Provides: Extra Holding Power for Higher Load Applications without Marring Shafts
|Material: Stainless Steel
|Screw Size (mm): -
|Application: For Applications where Alignment is Critical, Particularly when no Backlash is Desired and Flexibility is not Required, Useful when Timing, Joining and/or Aligning Shafts at Lower Speeds and Torque
|Screw Size (In.): #6-32
|Outside Dia.: 7/8"
|Clearance Dia. (In.): 1.033
|Machined From: Bar Stock
|Overall Length: 1-3/8"
|Type: Two Piece Clamp Type, Without Keyway
|Country of Origin (subject to change): United States
Product Description
Rigid Shaft Coupling, Two Piece Clamp Type, Without Keyway, Bore Dia 3/8 x 1/4 In, Overall Length 1 3/8 In, Outside Dia 7/8 In, Clearance Dia 1.033 In, Screw Size #6-32 In, Max Torque 145 In-Lb, Stainless Steel


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Directors of Tennant Company (NYSE: TNC) today declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of 21 cents per share payable Mar. 15, 2017, to shareholders of record at the close of business on Mar. 2, 2017.
Company Profile
Minneapolis-based Tennant Company (TNC) is a world leader in designing, manufacturing and marketing solutions that empower customers to achieve quality cleaning performance, significantly reduce their environmental impact and help create a cleaner, safer, healthier world. Its products include equipment for maintaining surfaces in industrial, commercial and outdoor environments; detergent-free and other sustainable cleaning technologies; and coatings for protecting, repairing and upgrading surfaces. Tennant's global field service network is the most extensive in the industry. Tennant has manufacturing operations in Minneapolis, MN; Holland, MI; Louisville, KY; Chicago, IL; Uden, The Netherlands; São Paulo, Brazil; and Shanghai, China; and sells products directly in 15 countries and through distributors in more than 80 countries. For more information, visit www.tennantco.com. The Tennant Company logo and other trademarks designated with the symbol "®" are trademarks of Tennant Company registered in the United States and/or other countries.
View source version on businesswire.com: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170215005879/en/(c)Business Wire. All of the news releases contained herein are protected by copyright and other applicable laws, treaties and conventions. Information contained in the releases is furnished by Business Wire's members, who warrant that they are solely responsible for the content, accuracy and originality of the information contained therein. All reproduction, other than for an individual user's personal reference, is prohibited without prior written permission.


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Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? Section B
Teaching aims: 1) Master the words: waitress, clothing, brought, solution, annoying, store clerk 2) Master the expressions: the pen you bought, buy sb. sth. complain about sth —This shirt is too big. Would you mind giving me a small one! —Not at all. Here you are.
Would you mind doing …? Could you please do? give me a calldo the dishes
keep your voice down sweep the floor
Sorry, I will do it right away. Would you mind turning down the music?
Would you mind cleaning your room? Sorry, I'll do it right away.
Would you mind taking out the trash? No, not at all.
A pair of broken jeans Would you mind not wearing the broken jeans? Ok, I'll wear another pair.
Would you mind not arguing? Sorry, we'll stop.
Would you mind washing your face? Would you mind not putting your finger in your mouth? Sorry, I'll do it right away.
1.Would you mind _______ (get) up? 2.Would you mind _________ (not play) the trumpet here? 3.I have to _____ (take) out the trash. 4.Could you ______ (move) your bike? 5.Please ____ (say ) it in English. 6. Would you please ___ (do) the dishes? 7. Will you ____ (close) the window? getting not playing take move say do close
1a. Have you ever complained about these things? Would you ever complain them? Complaint
Your barber gave you a terrible haircut. The store clerk gave you the wrong size. The movie was terrible.Your best friend said it was great. Your friends were late. The waitress brought you the wrong food. The pen you bought didn't work. 1 23 2a. Listen and number the sentences in order.
Conversation 1 Woman: Can I help you? Girl: I bought this shirt here yesterday, and the sales clerk gave me the wrong size. Would you mind giving me a smaller one? Woman: Certainly not. Do you have your receipt? Girl: Uh-huh. Here it is. Tapescript
Conversation 2 Boy: Excuse me. Woman: Yes? Boy: I ordered a hamburger with French fries, but only get my hamburger. Would you mind bringing me my French fries? Woman: I'm so sorry. I'll bring you some French fries right away. Boy: Thank you.
Conversation 3 Man: May I help you? Boy: I bought this pen here, but it's not good. Man: What's the problem? Boy: It doesn't work. Would you mind giving me a new one? Man: Not at all. Here you are. Boy: Thanks.
2b. Listen again and fill in the blanks in the chart. placesproblemssolutions clothing store ordered a hamburger with French fries but only got a hamburger will get a new pen got the wrong size shirt restau- rant store got a pen that doesn't work will get a smaller shirt will get some French fries
Pairwork A: This shirt is too big. Would you mind giving me a smaller one? B: Not at all. Here you are.
Have you ever met anybody who annoyed you? What do you often do with these people? 3a.Read the article. Underline the things that annoy people.
I don't like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation. 当商店营业员长时间用电话交谈时,我不喜 欢在那里排队等候。 wait in line 意为 " 排队等候 " 。如: It's good manners to wait in line. 排队等候是讲礼貌的表现。
与 in line 有关的短语有: cut in line 意为 " 插队 " ; stand in line 意为 " 站队 " 。如: I get annoyed when I see people cut in line. 当我看见有人插队时,我很生气。 They are standing in line at the school gate. 他们正在校门口站队。
I get annoyed when someone talks to me while I'm reading. 使我生气的是当我在看书时别人和我说话。 get annoyed = get / become angry 意为 " 变 得气恼;使生气 " , annoyed 在此处用作形容 词。如: I got annoyed / became angry when he came back late last night. 他昨晚回来很晚令我很生气。
Things that annoy people: 1. wait in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation 2. the shop assistant follow me around 3. some talks to me when I'm reading
When that happens, I usually say, Would you mind helping me? Could you please not follow me around? I'll ask you if I need some help. I usually talk to the person.
1.I don't like ____ (排队等候) at the bus stop. 2.Would you mind ____ (帮我学英语) ? 3.Perhaps in the future I should try ______( 客气 ). 4.I ask you ___ (是否你需要帮忙). 5.____ (如果发生那样的事), I won't go back to that store again. 6.Could you please ____ (别老跟着我) ? 7.Would you mind _____ (给你上错菜了) ? 8.This shirt is too big. Would you mind __ (给我 个小号的) ? to wait in line helping me with my English to be polite if you need any help If such thing happen not follow me around my bringing wrong dish for you? giving me a small size?
I. 根据汉语提示,完成下列句子。 1. 他们马上去打扫房间。 They will clean the room _____________. 2. 你买票时排队等候吗? Do you ___________ when you buy a ticket? in a minute wait in line
3. 你能不能尽量不要说话那么快? Could you ________________ so fast? 4. 那些书在地上,请捡起来。 The books are on the floor. Please ______________. try not to speak pick them up
II. 同义句转换。 The teacher got angry because Tom was late for school again. The teacher _______________________________ because Tom came to _________ again. became / got annoyed / was angry school late
III. 选用 take care 或 take care of 填空。 1.You should _______________ yourself. 2. __________! A bus is coming. take care of Take care
Homework 1. Read the listening conversations. 2. Make your own conversations.
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Miguel Piñera
José Miguel Carlos Piñera Echenique, also known as Negro Piñera (born October 18, 1954 in Santiago), is a Chilean celebrity, night club owner and amateur musician. He is the brother of President of Chile Sebastián Piñera and of economist José Piñera. Piñera was married to Argentinean model Belén Hidalgo. Negro Piñera is of Asturian[1] and Basque[2] descent.
Miguel Piñera is the fifth son of José Piñera Carvallo and Magdalena Echenique Rozas. His siblings are Guadalupe, José, Sebastián, Pablo, and María Teresa.
He studied at the Colegio del Verbo Divino, and Saint George's School. During his adolescence, he lived in Belgium through his father's role as the Chilean ambassador to Belgium and the United Nations. His father's profession would also later take him to live in New York City.
At the age of fifteen, he received his first electric guitar and developed his musical talent. He participated in South America's largest music festival, Festival de la Canción de Viña del Mar, in 1983.
He is a well-known celebrity in the Chilean show and nightclub business.


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On this trip we will join forces with the Blue Ridge Ski Council for their annual Winter Carnival, featuring several parties, dinners, and ski racing events.
Breckenridge is one of the most popular ski resorts in North America. During the 2010-11 season Breckenridge had a whopping 1.6 million skier days. The terrain at Breckenridge is spread across four mountain peaks providing 2,358 acres of skiing and snowboarding, making it the 7th largest ski resort in Colorado. The terrain is serviced by an extensive lift system (31 in total) including various fast lifts.
Breckenridge has varied terrain for all ability levels. Lots of the trails are rated as green (14%) and blue (31%), so beginners and intermediates are kept incredibly happy. Some of the black runs are groomed, so they're also fine for confident intermediates. Other terrain includes moguls, fun tree skiing, and alpine bowls for advanced and expert riders.
Breckenridge Snow The Breckenridge ski resort receives an average of 300 inches of fantastic Colorado snow per season. To help Mother Nature along, there are 380 snowmaking guns that cover an amazing 24% of the mountain!
The snow quality is enhanced by the elevation of the ski resort. The base of the ski resort is pretty high at 9,000 feet, but the top of the ski area will get you really high! The Imperial Express Super Chair, Breck's pride and joy, drops skiers and boarders off at above 12,800 feet. If you're keen you can hike higher, up to 12,998 feet!
Where is Breckenridge Colorado? Breckenridge is located 80 miles (129km) west of Denver in Summit County. This area has a high concentration of ski resorts including Arapahoe Basin, Copper Mountain, Keystone, Vail and Beaver Creek
Trip Includes.:
Number of Skiers: 32
Full Package Cost:
Members: $1,880
Guests: $1,940
Cancellation Fees:
Through December 6, 2016, a $50 cancellation fee is assessed
After December 6, 2016, $50 plus all unrecoverable expenses if a replacement is not found.
Payment Schedule (per person):
Member: $250 Deposit
Guest: $310 Deposit ($60 guest fee)
10/2/2016: $544*
11/1/2016: $544*
12/1/2016: $542*
*no credit card installment payments, check only
If sign-up is after December 1, 2016, full payment is due immediately.
(Non-members are wait listed until 65 days before trip departure. By that time, the trip may be full. You can sign up as a member online HERE.)
Ski Club of Washington DC
5309 Lee Highway, Arlington, VA 22207 MAP
703-532-7776 email@example.com Office Hours: M-F, 9 AM - 5 PM


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Photos of American Flag Banner Template
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Cheryl EffronCosmetic Dermatology, Dermatology
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New girl
Explorează subiecte asemănătoare
The 100th episode of <i>New Girl</i> airs this week, so here are some really funny lines, one from each of the previous 99 episodes.
Hahaha oh, Nick...
New Girl cast (My new all-time favorite show) -I wanted to pin some great quotes but I seriously couldn't pick or choose!!
24 Symptoms Of A "New Girl" Addiction | All true!! And #20.. YES please!! But then they break up & Nick & Jess get married
and are in your most dramatic state
When she had the perfect reaction to this blasphemous statement. | 24 Times Jess From "New Girl" Was 100% Actually You
New Girl Nick and Jess. Gah! Arguably one of the sexiest kisses ever...
And she made him emotional when before he was averse to ~feelings~. | 23 Reasons Jess And Nick From "New Girl" Were Actually Perfect
Winston from New Girl discovers that he is color blind. "They're as brown as money"
Nick Miller is my spirit animal.


text:
web to sms mobile website development
This project received 13 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $688 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$250 - $750 USD
Total Bids13
Project Description
I would like to setup a mobile website for sending SMS. I presently have a full website using PHP and MySQL at ___ but I want something clean, light and better looking that would run on mobile phones for easy access especially for smartphone users.
The HTTP SMS API is available at ___
Functions of the WML site:
- Users will be able to register by providing mobile phone number (username), email address
- Account will be activated and Password will be sent to the number, user will have some free sms in account
- Send SMS to mobile phones using HTTP API
- Keep all sent SMS messages in History
- Credit user account by using a coupon
(we have a website where we can sell coupon online, also they can pay into our bank and we text the coupon to them or remotely credit their account from admin panel)
- Provide option to keep user signed in for long periods of time (say 1 week). If user is already signed in, once they enter the URL, they should be taken to the Send SMS page directly.
An Admin Panel which will enable us to:
- manage user accounts, create sub admins and view logs
The server is Apache with MySQL database. We already have a full website that does most of these things; I just want a mobile platform so that users can access directly from their mobile phones browser. I believe this should be done in some form of XHTML?
Can you get this done? The selected provider will be based on ability to prove that they can do or have done something similar in the past.
Skills Required
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 18, 1998
|Filing date
|Jun 2, 1995
|Priority date
|Oct 8, 1991
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Richard J. Mammone
|Original Assignee
|Computed Anatomy Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (9), Classifications (6), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/287,126 filed Aug. 8, 1994, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/044,104, filed Apr. 8, 1994, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/773,679 filed Oct. 8, 1991, now abandoned.
This invention relates to instruments for measuring surface topography, and more particularly, to such instruments known as keratoscopes.
In my co-pending application Ser. No. 08/044,104, filed Apr. 8, 1993 as a continuation of Ser. No. 07/773,679 originally filed Oct. 8, 1991, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, I disclosed a method of ascertaining the topography of a surface illuminated with a quasi-periodic light pattern of concentric, illuminated rings, by taking specially filtered Fourier and inverse Fourier transforms of the two-dimensional image of the surface. The results were calibrated by observing the frequencies exhibited by a plurality of surfaces having known diopters of refraction. The spatial frequencies were tabulated in a matrix and the coefficients of a polynomial were obtained to relate the observed spatial frequencies to the known dioptric powers of the different surfaces by using a least-squares method of curve fitting. The polynomial could then be used to find the diopters of refraction exhibited by a similarly illuminated unknown surface from the local spatial frequencies found in its similarly processed image. This method provided more measurements over the surface than the number of illuminated rings in the image and also eliminated the need to find the edges of each of the rings in the illuminated pattern as was required in the prior art Gersten et al patent 4,863,260 issued Sep. 5, 1989.
In the processing method of my aforementioned co-pending application, the data that was mapped to diopters was the spatial frequency observed at discrete pixels of the processed image. Though this data was of a finer degree of granularity than the number of rings in the image, the relationship between the values observed at the regularly-spaced pixel positions and the corresponding dioptric values is not straight-forward when the surface to be analyzed is specular. This occurs because the specular surface exhibits a local variation in magnification that depends nonlinearly on distance from the optical axis. Accordingly, for the specular surface, the least-squares method of mapping the spatial frequency values obtaining at fixed pixel positions could provide only an approximation of the exact relationship.
It may also be recalled, as disclosed in the aforementioned '260 patent, that accurate location of the apex of the cornea was important to the success of the topographic analysis and, to that end, intersecting laser light beams were employed to accurately locate the apex of the cornea. These light beams, however, were rather bright and could give rise to extraneous glare in the image. Therefore, to prevent the glare from swamping useful data in the image, the locating laser light beams were shut off just before the image to be analyzed was acquired. This required that the patient's head be maintained motionless between the time the locating light beams are turned off and the time that the image is acquired for processing. Accordingly, it would be desirable to more directly and accurately to ascertain the powers of refraction exhibited over a corneal surface and to allow the image to be processed without requiring the locating light beams to be turned off. In addition, it would be advantageous to allow the processing to compensate for any inadvertent mislocation of the corneal surface.
In accordance with my invention, the topography of a three-dimensional specular surface, such as a cornea, may accurately be measured by processing a two-dimensional image of the surface illuminated with a quasi-periodic pattern, such as a pattern of concentric illuminated rings provided by an illuminated object such as a Placido disc cone device described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,260, issued Sep. 5, 1989. The two-dimensional image is processed to obtain continuous values of local spatial phase with respect to distance perpendicular to the optical axis rather than with respect to pixel position.
More particularly, a Fourier transform is taken of the two-dimensional image, the Fourier spectrum is windowed and band-pass filtered to suppress all side lobes and negative frequencies except for the fundamental spatial frequency. The inverse transform is taken and then the inverse tangent of the quotient of the imaginary and real portions of the inverse transform are computed to obtain the local spatial phase. The local spatial phase is "unwrapped" to obtain continuous values of local spatial phase with distance from the optical axis of the image. The distances from the optical axis at which predetermined values of the local spatial phase occur correspond to the positions of the illuminated rings of the pattern. The distances obtained from processing images of surfaces whose dioptric powers are known are compared and tabulated with corresponding distances in the original illuminated object to determine the local magnification produced by each surface. Images of surfaces having unknown dioptric powers may then be mapped to diopters by consulting the tabulation. Accuracy beyond that determined by the granularity of pixel position is obtained.
In accordance with a further aspect of my invention, the accuracy of topographic analysis is enhanced by allowing the locating light beams to remain on while the image is being acquired and by eliminating the effect of the glare during image processing. Mislocation of the apex of the surface in the x, y, or z direction is detected by determining the location of the light beams in the image and any such mislocation, such as may arise from inadvertent movement of the subject is compensate for.
The foregoing and other objects of my invention may be better understood from the following specification and drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a quasi-spherical specular surface properly positioned in the conical Placido disc apparatus of prior art patent 4,863,260, while FIGS. 1A and 1B show the surface too closely and too remotely positioned, respectively;
FIG. 2A shows one of the rings reflected in the image of the quasi-spherical surface, while FIG. 2B shows exaggerated glare spots in the image;
FIG. 3A is a plot of the intensity of surface illumination versus radial distance for a quasi-periodic pattern reflected from the specular surface; FIGS. 3B and 3C show the corresponding wrapped and unwrapped local spatial phase of the processed image; FIGS. 3D and 3E show the unfiltered and filtered Fourier spectra of a processed image;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart for processing the scanned image to relate local spatial frequency at regularly-spaced pixel positions to diopters of refraction;
FIG. 5 consisting of FIGS. 5A and 5B are flow charts for procedures involved in processing the image of a specular surface to remove the effects of glare and improper positioning of the surface;
FIGS. 6A and 6B are flow charts for processing the scanned image to relate distances obtained from the unwrapped local spatial phase to diopters of refraction; and
FIGS. 7 and 8 are photographs of a human cornea shown before and after processing to remove the effects of glare.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a section through the prior art illuminated Placido disc cone device 10 described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,260, issued Sep. 5, 1989. Cone 10 causes a quasi-periodic mire pattern to be reflected from a quasi-spherical specular surface 6, such as a human cornea or polished steel ball, positioned at its left-hand side. Cone 10 has a hollow, substantially cylindrical bore 11. A light source (not shown) is positioned at the right-hand side base of cone 10. A series of opaque bands 9 divides the otherwise transparent bore 11 into a series of illuminated rings 13, of which only rings 13-1 and 13-2, spaced the distance S apart, are individually labelled in FIG. 1. In the illustrated embodiment, each of rings 13 is of the same diameter h.
The specular surface 6 reflects a virtual image of the illuminated rings 13. On a perfectly spherical specular surface, each ring would be reflected, as shown in FIG. 2A, as a circle 13'. In FIG. 2B, greatly enlarged sectors of three illustrative virtual image rings, 13-1', 13-2' and 13-3', are shown. For simplicity, however, FIG. 1 shows an edge view of only one of these virtual image rings, 13'. Ring 13' appears to lie at some distance beneath the specular surface 6.
As explained, inter alia, in the article "Keratometery" by Janet Stone in the book Contact Lens Practice, a ray incident upon a spherical mirror aimed at the focus, f, will be reflected parallel to the optical axis and will produce a virtual image which appears to lie beneath the surface of the sphere while a ray directed perpendicular to the surface toward the surface's center of curvature will be directed back upon itself. To locate a point on the plane of the virtual image, the reflected ray should be projected parallel to the optical axis until it intersects the ray directed to the center of the sphere. This is illustrated in FIG. 1 with respect to two rays 13f and 13c from illuminated object ring 13-1 of cone 10. Ray 13c is directed to the center of curvature, C, of spherical surface 6 while ray 13f is directed to the focus, (which lies a distance f beneath the surface). The plane of the virtual image 13' of object ring 13-1 is located by projecting reflected ray 13f parallel to the optical axis until it strikes the projection of ray 13c. The virtual image ring 13' is defined by the intersection of light ray 13c, which is directed perpendicular to the specular surface 6, i.e., toward its center of curvature, C, and the backward extension of ray 13f, which passes through the focus of specular surface 6, parallel to optical axis A-C.
As explained in the aforementioned '260 patent, the proper positioning of specular surface 6 is indicated when intersecting light beams L1 and L2 (advantageously laser beams) converge at single point A at the apex of the specular surface 6. When surface 6 is properly positioned so that point A is on the optical (Z) axis which runs through the center of bore 11 of cone 10, point A will lie in the center of the field of camera 41 and the distance -- between point A and the camera 41 is accurately known. In addition, when surface 6 is properly positioned, the reflection 17' of fixation light 17 from pellicle 16 will also appear at point A. If, however, surface 6 is positioned too far into bore 11 (FIG. 1A), or too far out of bore 11 (FIG. 1B), light beam L1 will not strike surface 6 at point A but at some distance D above or below point A, thereby introducing an axial error ΔZ in the location of point A. The point where the light beam L1 strikes surface 6 effects a local glare spot GS, as shown in the greatly enlarged view FIG. 2B, which shows glare spot GS obscuring a portion of one or more rings such as 13-2' and 13-3'. A photograph of an eye where glare spots obscure some of the reflected rings is shown in FIG. 7. As will hereinafter be explained, the mislocation of glare spot GS from point A, as well as its ring obscuring effect are compensated for by my improved image processing method, the results of which are shown in FIG. 8.
As disclosed in my above-mentioned application, the image of surface 6 is acquired by electronic camera 41, through lens 40. Processor 42 scans the image acquired by camera 41 in a direction orthogonal to the illuminated pattern that is reflected from surface 6, e.g., an illuminated ring pattern is scanned radially. However, if bore 11 of cone 10 were provided with illuminated longitudinal stripes (not shown) parallel to the axis of the cylindrical bore 11, such longitudinal stripes would cause a pattern of radial lines to be reflected from quasi-spherical surface 6 and orthogonal scanning of such radial lines would be in a circular direction.
FIG. 3A shows the waveform of video intensity versus orthogonal scanning distance in the image acquired by processor 42. The average frequency of the waveform is determined by the average spacing (see, for example, illustrative spacing "S", FIG. 1) of the illuminated rings of the Placido disc source of the light pattern. On a surface having surface imperfections, the instantaneous spatial frequency of the pattern will vary as surface imperfections distort the local light pattern.
My co-pending application taught that the since the illuminated spatial pattern is quasi-periodic it can be decomposed into its Fourier series: ##EQU1## In the above expression, bi =0 if the pattern is symmetrical about the origin.
As disclosed in the aforementioned co-pending application, the frequency spectrum of the video image scanned orthogonally to the quasi-periodic pattern (i.e., in the direction xr), may be ascertained by taking a discrete Fourier transform of the scanned image, using an analytic filter to suppress all side lobes and negative spatial frequencies in the Fourier spectrum except for the narrow band of frequencies adjoining the fundamental spatial frequency, taking the inverse transform and finding the inverse tangent of the quotient of the imaginary and real portions of the inverse transform to obtain the instantaneous spatial phase. The Fourier spectrum of the two-dimensional image is shown in FIG. 3D. The Fourier spectrum of the image after processing to suppress all side lobes and negative frequencies is shown in FIG. 3E. The real component, R(x), of the inverse transform has the form:
R(x)=A(x) cos (ω0 x+θ(x)) (2)
while the imaginary component, I(x), has the form:
I(x)=A(x) sin (ω0 x+θ(x)) (3)
The inverse tangent of the quotient of the imaginary component divided by the real component yields the instantaneous spatial phase φ as a function of the radial scanning distance, xr : ##EQU2##
The instantaneous phase is a saw-tooth or ramp-like function, shown in FIG. 3B, having discontinuities every 2π radians. The derivative of the instantaneous phase waveform is the instantaneous frequency (which also has discontinuities every 2π radians): ##EQU3## The discontinuities may be eliminated by a process known as "phase unwrapping" which employs threshholding and numerical interpolation, as described, for example, in the article by Mitsuo Takeda, Hideki Ina and Soiji Kobayashi entitled "Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry", published in J. Opt Soc. Am, vol. 72, no. 1, January 1982 at pp. 156-160, see also, the article by Jose M. Tribolet, entitled "A New Phase Unwrapping Algorithm", published in the IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol ASSP-25, No. 2, April 1977, pp.170-177.
In the process described in my above-mentioned co-pending application, (the flow chart for which is shown in FIG. 4 and described in the Appendix hereto), the unwrapped phase was differentiated to obtain the instantaneous local spatial frequencies which were then mapped to diopters by a process of curve fitting. Briefly, the prior process was first calibrated by processing the images of a plurality of known specular surfaces having known dioptric powers of refraction to obtain the local spatial frequencies exhibited by the illuminated rings. The local spatial frequencies exhibited by the illuminated pattern reflected from each of the known surfaces was then mapped to their known dioptric powers by using a curve fitting technique such as least mean squares curve fitting, in which the coefficients of a polynomial to relate these frequencies to diopters was determined, e.g.:
D1 =g(f)=A0 +A1 f+A1 f2 + . . . +An fn,(6)
Thereafter, as shown in the flow chart FIG. 4, the local spatial frequencies obtained from processing the image of an unknown corneal surface could be employed with the determined polynomial to ascertain the corresponding diopters of that surface.
In accordance with my new method, advantage is taken of the fact that the local spatial phase exhibits values that are a multiple of 2π at the position of each successive one of the quasi-periodic illuminated rings in the processed image, as may be observed by comparing the unwrapped phase, FIG. 3C, with FIG. 3A. FIG. 3A shows the video intensity I.sub.(x) encountered in the x direction of scanning (i.e., orthogonally to the quasi-periodic pattern). As shown in FIG. 3C, the first and second 2π points in the processed image occur at the distances, xr1 and xr2 from the center of scanning, e.g., from the optical axis. The radial scanning distance at each 2π point is the radius of a ring in the image and twice this radius is the diameter h' of the ring. Referring again to FIG. 1, it is seen that diameter of the illustrative illuminated ring 13-1 on the bore 11 of Placido disc cone 10 is h. The ratio h/h' of the size of the original object to the size of its reflected image is the magnification M produced by the specular surface 6. As explained in the above-mentioned article by Janet Stone, the relationship between magnification M and diopters δ is δ=1/2 dM, where d is the distance along the optic axis between a point on the plane of the object and its image point. In the illustrative apparatus of FIG. 1, this distance is approximately constant for each ring.
Reference to FIG. 3C shows that the unwrapped local spatial phase gives a continuous series of values intermediate each set of 2π points. In the illustrative embodiment where cone 10 has a cylindrical bore 11, the dimension h is constant. Each 2π point such image ring is determined by the local magnification of surface 6 at the point. Intermediate the 2π points, the intermediate scanning distances corresponding to the "imaginary" intermediate rings in the image. However, since the corresponding "imaginary" intermediate ring in the cylindrical bore 11 of cone 10 has the constant dimension h, the magnification corresponding to each of these intermediate spatial phase points may be ascertained simply by dividing the corresponding intermediate scanning distance "xr " by the constant dimension h, without need of any curve fitting.
The actual processing steps of my new method are illustrated in the flow chart diagram, FIG. 5:
Step 501 entitled "load matched filter" loads an image of a paradigm laser spot GSf, which is used as a matched filter. The paradigm laser spot is obtained by averaging the values obtained by the appearance of the laser spot on a plurality of different size and color eyes.
Step 502, labeled "compute RMS filter", computes the RMS value of the paradigm laser spot GSf by taking the square root of the sum of the squared values of the video intensity found over the area of GSf.
Step 503, labelled "find laser spot" compares the video intensity I.sub.(x) of the illuminated surface on a pixel by pixel basis with the RMS value of spot GS that was obtained in step 502. A laser spot is identified when the video intensity I.sub.(x) of a scanned spot exceeds the RMS value of the spot GS, calculated as follows: ##EQU4##
In the above expression, L is the pixel-length of the filter data and OFFSET is the offset to the video data. The video data is convolved with the filter data for various values of OFFSET. When the expression reaches a maximum that exceeds a predetermined threshold, the location of the laser spot GS is detected. The point at which the laser spot is found is designated lasergs. The distance D, expressed in millimeters, is obtained from the location lasergs as follows: ##EQU5## where Xc is the maximum number of pixels ("pels") in the scanned line.
Step 504, labelled "clear laser spot 5" calls the procedure detailed in steps 510 through 520 which clears the actual laser spot GS that is found in the scanned image.
Step 505, labelled "compute axial misalignment" computes the axial misalignment of point A, after laser spot GS has been cleared from the image being processed. As shown in FIG. 1, laser beam L1 travels through a tunnel in cone 10 which is at a fixed angle, illustratively, 38 degrees, to the optical axis, Z. Should surface 6 be inserted too far into the bore of cone 10, laser beam L1, instead of striking surface 6 at point A, will strike the surface at some distance above point A, such as at distance "D". Similarly, if surface 6 is not inserted far enough into the bore, laser beam L1 will strike the surface at some distance "D" below point A. The depth error, ΔZ, measured along the optical axis, in the positioning of point A is calculated by the following: ##EQU6## where Ravg is the average radius of the specular surface, e.g., 7.85 mm for the average human cornea.
The above equation gives the depth error for the apex of surface 6 not being at point A, i.e., not at Z=0. The error in diopters caused by the depth error is compensated for by the following equation:
Dc =Dm +A+B*ΔZ (10)
where ΔZ is obtained from equation (10) above. The constants A and B are computed by processing a series of images of known diopter specular surface steel balls that have each deliberately been moved a known increment ΔZ away from point A and employing the least squares method to relate the measured diopters to the known diopters of each such surface.
In addition to correcting for axial misalignment, i.e., a displacement along the optical or Z-axis, Step 505 advantageously may also correct for any lateral misalignment, that is, a displacement of the apex of the cornea of the patient's eye from the assumed position, point "A" (FIG. 1), in the X or Y direction, i.e., transverse to the Z axis of the instrument
Where the apex of the patient's cornea is properly positioned at point A, the origin for the radius of curvature, R, is at point 0,0,0 and the coordinates of point A are x,y,z. However, if it be assumed that the apex of the patient's cornea, instead of being properly positioned at point A, is displaced in the X direction by the amount Δx, the coordinates of the apex, now at point A', are (x+Δx,y,z). The lateral misalignment will affect the measurement of the radius of curvature of the cornea so that the apparent, or estimated, radius of curvature, R', will be a vector extending from the origin 0,0,0 to the point A'.sub.(x+Δx,y,z) instead of to the point A.sub.(x,y,z).
The equations for the x, y, and z coordinates of point A in terms of the coordinates of point A' and of the actual radius of curvature of the patient's cornea R, versus the apparent radius of curvature, R', are given in (1) through (4) below, where θ is the angle of the projection of R on the X,Z plane and φ is the angle of elevation of R. ##EQU7##
Equation (4) can be simplified by resorting to a Taylor series expansion and neglecting all terms after the first two. Accordingly,: ##EQU8##
It will be recalled that the diopters of refraction, D, are equal to k/R, where k is the change in the index of refraction between air and the cornea. The counterpart of equation (4) for dioptric power is, accordingly: ##EQU9##
Equation (6) can similarly be simplified to yield: ##EQU10## where D'=k/R'.
An exemplary software listing, written in Pascal, for implementing equation (8), the correction for lateral misalignment in the X direction, is given below. The correction for misalignment in the Y direction is similar. The processing of the image acquired by camera 41, FIG. 1, depends on ring position. In the illustrative embodiment, which uses a cone device 10 of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,416,539, the first five, (innermost), rings, reflected upon the patient's cornea are produced by an illuminated disc (not shown in FIG. 1) that is placed at the righthand end of hollow bore 11. Because of the physically different manner in which the rings are produced in the cone device, a slightly different equation is employed for processing information from these rings (if iring <5) than for the other rings (else).
______________________________________{correct for x errors}if (valid-- z) and (abs(dx) > 0) then if iring < 5 then PowerPtr iring! jphi! : = PowerPtr iring! jphi! * (( 1-0.025*sin((iring/ring-- total-- for-- cone) * pi)*dx *(CosinesPtr jphi!))+ 0.015 * sin((iring/ring-- total-- for-- cone) * 2 * pi)* dx *(CosinesPtr jphi!)) else PowerPtr iring! jphi! := (KMetricIndex / r-- c) * ( 1-0.025*sin((iring/ring-- total-- for-- cone) * pi)* dx(CosinesPtr jphi!));______________________________________
In the above listing, PowerPtr is an array containing the observed dioptric powers of the map from the Fourier processing of the two-dimensional image, indexed by current ring number, iring, and current angle, jphi (both integer numbers0. The angle of the sinusoidal function, sin((iring/ring-- total-- for-- cone), is the fraction of the current ring number, iring, divided by the maximum number of rings, ring-- total-- for-- cone. The quantity dx, is the displacement Δx in the X direction of the point "A", as measured from the departure of the position of the fixation light 17', FIG. 1 from the center of the frame buffer of processor 42 storing the digitized information acquired by camera 41. In addition, the quantities "sin" and "cos" are expressed in a 360 degree system, while the quantities "sines" and "cosines" are expressed in a 256 degrees system since only 256 radial scans are employed in the exemplary embodiment. KMetric Index/r-- c is the dioptric power at the radius r-- c.
Step 506, labelled "find iris laser spot 2" examines the video intensity values in the region of point A (see FIG. 1) of the scanned image. When video intensity values exceeding the predetermined value expected for the image 17' of the fixation light 17 (see FIG. 1), Step 507, labelled "clear laser spot 8" is executed. This procedure is detailed in steps 530 through 539.
Clear Laser Spot 5 (Steps 510-519)
This procedure clears the laser spot GS from the image being processed.
Step 511 initializes the scanning angle φ for the acquisition of video data, I.sub.(x) along the scan line.
Step 512 loads the video data, I.sub.(x) obtained along the scan line.
Step 513 performs a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the video data along the scan line.
Step 514 finds the peak value of the Fourier transform.
Step 515 filters the signal around the peak value.
Step 516 scales the FFT data to ensure that the image being placed on the screen is neither too light nor too dark.
Step 517 performs an inverse FFT.
Step 518 stores the results of processing the scan line data.
Step 519 increments the scan angle until the maximum value is reached. Steps 511 through 519 are then performed again until, illustratively, 256 radial scans are performed.
Clear Laser Spot 8 (Steps 530-539)
Step 531 initializes the scan radius to STATRAD the starting radius of the iris so that the laser spot can be found in this area. As described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,214,456 issued May 25, 1993, when radially scanning outwardly from the center of the cornea (a location in the area of the pupil) toward the limbus, video intensity is lowest in the area of the pupil and increases rapidly in the area toward the iris.
Steps 532 through 535, 536 and 538 These steps are similar to steps 512 through 515, 517 and 518, except that the data being operated upon is data pertaining to the iris portion of the eye.
Step 537 labelled "DC restoration of image" restores the DC of the video signal in the area of laser spot GS, which is much brighter than the DC levels elsewhere in the image, to the DC level existing in the adjacent sectors A-1 and B1, (see FIG. 2B).
FIGS. 6A and 6B are flow charts for processing the two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional surface to ascertain the diopters of refraction present over the surface. In FIG. 6A steps 601 through 609 and 620 and 630 are illustrated. Of these steps, steps 601 through 609 are roughly comparable to steps 401 through 409 of FIG. 4. FIG. 6B shows the details of step 620 of FIG. 6A in which the distance perpendicular to the optical axis corresponding to each incremental value of local spatial phase is obtained so that diopters can be found as a function of incremental values of perpendicular distance rather than as a function of increments fixed by pixel position.
Steps 601 and 602 These steps acquire the two-dimensional video image of the three-dimensional surface whose topography is to be measured and are comparable to steps 401, 402 and 403 of flow chart FIG. 4.
Steps 605 and 606 These steps perform the Fourier transform on the acquired two-dimensional video data and employ a Hilbert transform and band-pass filter to suppress negative frequencies and all sidebands in the Fourier spectrum allowing only the major sideband of the first harmonic to pass to the next step. These steps are alternative, preferred processing steps to steps 404 through 406 of FIG. 4.
Step 607 performs the inverse Fourier transform to obtain the complex analytical signal having real and imaginary portions and is comparable to step 407 of FIG. 4.
Step 608 obtains the arc tangent of the quotient of the real and imaginary portions of the complex signal to obtain the wrapped spatial phase and is comparable to step 408 of FIG. 4.
Step 609 This step performs the step of phase-unwrapping and is comparable to step 409 of FIG. 4 which differentiates the discontinuous local spatial phase obtained in step 408 to obtain continuous values of local spatial frequency. However, unlike step 409, step 609 advantageously re-integrates the continuous values of local spatial frequency to obtain continuous values of local spatial phase.
Step 620 This procedure is detailed in FIG. 6B. Briefly, the continuous values of local spatial phase are inspected to ascertain the radial distance from the optical axis at which the local spatial phase exhibits values that are multiples of 2π. These local spatial phase values occur at the positions where the surface being measured reflects each of the rings in the illuminated pattern.
Step 630 This step samples the continuous values of local spatial phase and, during the calibration phase when the images of a plurality of known surfaces are processed, relates the local spatial phase values using a least-means-squares procedure to the known dioptric powers of the surfaces. A calibration matrix of dioptric power vs. spatial phase values is assembled. Thereafter, the calibration matrix is employed to ascertain the dioptric powers exhibited by an unknown surface from the processing of its image to yield continuous values of local spatial phase.
In FIG. 6B:
Step 621 sets the count for ring# to 1 at the start of the procedure for finding the distances obtaining at values of local spatial that are multiples of 2π.
Step 622 sets the variable ringposphase to the count provided by step 621 multiplied by 2π.
Step 623 increments the count of the counter for the array "ipix" which is an array (signified by the use of square brackets) of local spatial phase values exhibited at the pixel positions of the processed image.
Step 624 determines whether the phase value exhibited in the current pixel position of the array is less than the variable ringposphase and whether the end of the array has been reached.
Step 625 determines for each increment of local spatial phase the corresponding distance in the image.
Step 626 increments the count for ring #.
Step 627 determines whether the maximum number of ring positions, illustratively 25, has been reached. If not, processing continues with a repetition of steps 622 through 627.
FIG. 4 Basics of Image Processing Using Curve Fitting
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the basic steps for analyzing a two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional surface and employing discrete Fourier transform processing to relate local spatial frequencies in the processed image to the three-dimensional radius or diopters of refraction of the surface. After the initialization of variables, steps 401 entitled "locate 1st ring circumference" and 402 entitled "locate center of 1st ring subpixel offsets x & y" locate the point from which the pattern in the image will be scanned in step 403. As described at column 8, line 9 et seq. of the aforementioned Gersten, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,269, the center point is determined from the first ring pattern appearing in the image. The details of this processing step are set forth in the steps of the main program below entitled "find-- first-- ring (ring1)" finds the edges of the first ring. This is the only ring pattern whose "edges" need to be determined.
In scanning images containing the focusing spot 17' provided by light source 17 and pellicle 16, FIG. 1, the focusing spot 17' may mask topographic data in the center of the scan. To avoid the discontinuity resulting from an absence of data that might impair the functioning of a Fourier transform, it may be advantageous to fill-in the missing data by using the data from two radial scans lying 180 degrees apart as being from one meridian and joining the data lying on opposite sides of the circle of omitted data. This is done in the procedure "sample-- meridian" called for in the main program detailed below.
The video data of the acquired image is passed through a Hamming window filter in step 404 so that the side lobes of the Fourier spectrum obtained in the FFT step 405 will be suppressed. After the FFT is obtained the Fourier spectra is subjected to a Hahn filter in step 406 so that only major side bands of the first harmonic are passed. The inverse Fourier transform is obtained in step 407, the arctangent of the quotient of the imaginary divided by the real components of the inverse transform yields the local spatial phase in step 408. The local spatial phase is differentiated in step 409 to obtain the local spatial frequency and, in step 410, a polynomial is found using the least squares curve fitting technique to map the local spatial frequencies to diopters from the processed images of a number of known surfaces. When the center of the image is restored (see "procedure restore-- center"), the dioptric powers obtained from the processing are plotted in their correct positions.
The plotting programs used in the above-mentioned Gersten et al. patent device plotted the dioptric powers of the surface along the perimeter of the rings observed in the image. To use these prior plotting programs a "ring structure" is necessary. The step entitled "compute-- spatial-- freq-- pseudo-- rings" creates pseudo rings from which the instantaneous dioptric information can be read and delivered to the plotting programs. A "ring" for such plotting is identified by taking the mean value of eight instantaneous frequencies read along a meridian.
______________________________________Programs______________________________________program compute-- corneal-- power;usescrt,deplib,filtlib,ring1lib,plotlib,vgalib,pointlib,cmplxlib,cmplxvs,fftlib,v8lib,utill,global;constdebug = true;varixl,iyl: integer;max-- diop,min-- diop: single;exam: words;beginif paramcount = 1 then exam := paramstr(1) else exit;new(meridian);new(dio);fillchar(dio ,sizeof(dio ) ,0);set-- rick-- defaults(ixl,iyl,ham-- window,han--window);x ctr := ixl;y-- ctr := iyl;display-- selected-- frame(exam,error);find the fixation-- light(x-- ctr,y-- ctr,vga--xc,vga-- yc);find-- first-- ring (ring1);find-- offsets(ring1,xmean,ymean);for itheta := 0 to 127 dobeginsample-- meridian (debug, ring1, itheta, -xmean,ymean, ham-- window, meridian, last-- points);rfftc(meridian ,m);fft-- filter(debug,meridian,han-- window);fftc(meridian ,m,invs);compute-- phase(debug, itheta,meridian, ring1,phase);restore-- center (itheta, ring1,meridian);compute-- spatial-- freq-- pseudo-- rings (debug,itheta,phase, dio);compute-- powers (itheta,min-- diop,max-- diop,dio);write(itheta:4);end;lowpass-- meridians(last-- points,dio);lowpass-- circumference(dio);lowpass-- circumference(dio);preen-- output(dio);write-- output-- to-- disk(min-- diop,max--diop,dio);dispose(meridian);dispose(dio);end.procedure sample-- meridian(debug: boolean; ring1: r256; itheta:integer; xmean,ymean: single; hw: r512a; var mer: r512c; varlast-- points: i256);variphe,ipix,ir,offr0,offr1, lp0, lp1: integer;f,theta: single;vid: i512;curv: r5l2a;beginfillchar(mer ,sizeof(mer ),0);fillchar(vid,sizeof(vid),0);for ir := 1 to last doread-- polar-- pixel(ir,itheta,2.0*xmean,2.0*ymean,vid ir!);for ir := 0 to last-1 doread-- polar-- pixel(ir,itheta+128,xmean,ymean,vid -ir!);if itheta = 0 thenfor iphe := 0 to lim doload-- last-- points(iphe,vid,last-- points);lp0 := last-- points itheta!;lp1 := last-- points itheta+128!;for ir := 0 to lp0 dobeginoffr0 := round(ring1 itheta!);offr1 := round(ring1 itheta+128!);mer ir!.r := vid ir+offr0! *hw ir+(last-- rad-lp0)!;mer -ir+1!.r := vid -ir-offr1! *hw -ir-(last-- rad-lp1)!;end;if debug thenbeginnew(curv);for ir := -last+1 to last docurv ir! := mer ir!.r;plot-- r512a(curv ,13,6,true);dispose(curv);end;end;procedure restore-- center(itheta: integer; ring1: r256; varmeridian: r512c);varir: integer;beginfor ir := last downto round(ring1 itheta!) dobeginmeridian ir! := meridian ir-round (ring1 itheta!)!;meridian -ir+1! := meridian -ir+round (ring1 itheta!)+1!;end;for ir := -round(ring1 itheta!+1) to round(ring1 itheta!) dobeginmeridian ir!.r := 0.0;meridian ir!.i := 0.0;end;end;______________________________________
Accordingly, I have described an illustrative embodiment of my invention. Numerous modifications may be employed by those skilled in the art such as substituting a converging for the diverging lens in which case "minification" substitutes for the magnification which has been described. In addition, other types of windows may be substituted for the Hamming and "hanning" windows set forth in the described embodiment. Alternative transforms, such as the Hilbert transform or finite impulse response filters may also be employed to derive the instantaneous spatial frequencies and other forms of polynomial curve fitting may be employed besides the linear least-squares technique described. Further and other modifications may be apparent to those skilled in the art without, however, departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.
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|Citing Patent
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|Nidek Co., Ltd.
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|U.S. Classification
|382/128, 351/221, 351/212
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 30, 1998
Owner name: TOMEY CO., LTD., JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:COMPUTED ANATOMY, INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:009534/0964
Effective date: 19980929
|Feb 15, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 5, 2002
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 8, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 18, 2006
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 17, 2006
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20060818


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A scrappy and at times bad tempered affair saw Marlow regain top spot in the Uhlsport Hellenic Premier League at The Alfred Davis Ground at the expense of the Swans.
The hosts were reduced to ten men just before the break when Richard Witt was dismissed after an altercation with Freddy Ward, but Slimbridge ended the game with nine men after Tom Speers and Ward both saw red in the same incident as the game went into it's final stages. Two strikes from Ben Gladwin secured the points for the home side. The defeat sees Slimbridge slip to fourth in the table, although with games in hand on two of the sides above them.
Marlow made the early running, and Gary Smith and Marcus Mealing manufactured the first decent effort of the game on four minutes, when they combine down the right flank. Good work from Will Wellon made sure their only reward was a corner which Dave Evans collected comfortably.
Slimbridge settled early on, and their first opportunity came when a Fan Holloway corner was punched clear by Marlow Keeper Jorden Eggleton, and the ball reached Jack Twyman on the edge of the box, but he skied his effort with six minutes gone.
The scrappy start to the game continue, and Marlow created the best chance of the game so far on 10 minutes, but Smith's header following Gladwin's cross went wide.
Marlow upped the pressure, and Slimbridge were relieved to see Mealing's 13th minute shot cannon back off the post following Richard Witt's corner.
It was not all one way traffic though, and Gavin Lang went close with an effort for the visitors, as the game began to settle into a rhythm.
The best chances were still coming for the home side, though, and after Ian Davies had been closely marshalled by Wellon to prevent him getting a shot in, Gladwin and Mealing again combined to create a chance for James Knight, but again his shot was high, to the growing frustration of the home crowd.
Slimbridge's best chance of the half came on the half hour, when Liam Harding's 25 yarder brought a superb save from Eggleton, who tipped the ball over the bar for a corner which Marlow cleared.
On 39 minutes, Harding's tackle on Chris Hatton provoked a melee on the half way line, and the ensuing pushing and shoving saw Richard Witt Red Carded for what appeared to be a headbutt on Freddy Ward. Harding was booked as result of the incident.
As tempers rose, Ward then found himself in the book for a late tackle on Danny Lingwood as Referee Lee sought to control matters, but the first half finished goalless.
The second period began in much the same manner as the first,with the home side stringing the better passing moves together – Wellon did well to block a shot from Gladwin, and at the other end, Saul Williams forced a save from Eggleton after neat work by Holloway down the left flank.
Marlow began to control the game, and the chances started to come for the home side – Davies had two good opportunities in the 51st and 52nd minutes, but a wayward header and scuffed shot kept the scoresheet blank.
With 58 minutes gone, a bad clearance by Dave Evans found Mealing 35 yards or so out, and his attempted lob was a little bit too close for comfort as Evans scrambled back towards his line.
On 64 minutes, the goal that had looked like it was coming duly arrived – Gladwin stuck a powerful drive from 25 yards which eluded Evans and put the home side in front.
Shaun O'Connor was the next in Mr Lee's notebook, picking up a yellow for a tackle on Aaron Baker as tensions again began to rise on the pitch.
By now, all the chances were coming for the home side, as Slimbridge failed to get out of their own half, and were put under increasing pressure – Smith was the next to try his luck for the home side, but his header went over the bar on 77 minutes, after a corner created by a good run from Chris Hatton.
With seven minutes remaining, the game took a farcical turn. Speers was fouled as he brought the ball out of defence, and ended up in the Referee's book after complaining that advantage was not played. Two minutes later, Speers and Seve Mayberry were chasing a Marlow through ball – Speers got to the ball first to knock to safety, but Mayberry then went over his leg. Mr Lee deemed that Speers had committed a foul, and dismissed him for a second yellow card.
As the Swans lined up in the defensive wall to face the subsequent free kick,the protesting Fred Ward also picked up a second yellow for something he said, and went as well.
Just to round things off, Gladwin steered the free kick past Evans to double the home side's advantage once the free kick was eventually taken.
Chris Fower managed to go close in the second minute of additional time with a shot that just cleared the Marlow bar, but it was too little, too late for the visitors, who had two more chances before the final whistle, with Baker going close, and then Mayberry forcing a good save from Evans in the last minute of added time.
The Swans are back at Wisloe Road next Saturday when they entertain Binfield (3.00pm)
Team: Evans, Anson, Robinson, Wellon, Speers, Ward, Tywman (Bryant 62), Harding, Lang (Fower 67), Williams, Holloway (O'Connor 59)
Goals: None
Supporters Man of the Match: Shane Anson


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//greenronin.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/RoninBanner-1.png 0 0 Evan Sass //greenronin.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/RoninBanner-1.png Evan Sass2013-11-06 09:54:512013-11-06 09:54:51Mutants & Masterminds Gadget Guide: Magic (PDF)
Mutants & Masterminds Gadget Guide: Magic (PDF)
Not all superheroic gadgets are technological—far from it, in fact. Some are actually products of magic, from enchanted weapons and armor to cloaks and amulets, or items of "techno-magic" fusing modern technology with ancient sorcery. Gadget Guides: Magic looks at these magic items and their different uses in a Mutants & Masterminds game.
Mutants & Masterminds Gadget Guide: Magic (PDF)
Evan Sass
Evan got his start in the hobby game industry in 1995, as a co-founder of Rubicon Games. Among other games, he has worked on Cranium, Cranium Hullabaloo, and the Pokémon trading card game. He has been editing and proofreading books for Green Ronin since our first product, Ork! The Roleplaying Game. He has been managing our web sites since about 2002. He co-designed Walk the Plank, our card game of piratical trick taking, and is our in-house Dragon Age and Fantasy AGE editor.
Latest posts by Evan Sass (see all)
- Press Release: Green Ronin Publishing to Launch Fiction Line - April 12, 2017
- Justice For All Sale - March 21, 2017
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Forum for discussion of hydroponics, including techniques, equipment, and appropriate plants. Includes links to related forums.
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