text:
Denmark Population: 5,556,4528,273 VISITORS FROM HERE!
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|Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), European defense cooperation, and issues concerning certain justice and home affairs.
Controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen
|Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes several major islands (Sjaelland, Fyn, and Bornholm)
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 43,094 sq km
land: 42,434 sq km
water: 660 sq km
note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
Size comparison: slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 68 km
border countries: Germany 68 km
|7,314 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers
|low and flat to gently rolling plains
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m
highest point: Mollehoj/Ejer Bavnehoj 171 m
|Natural resources:
|petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand
|Land use:
| arable land: 57.99%
permanent crops: 0.09%
other: 41.91% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|4,354 sq km (2007)
|Natural hazards:
|flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
|Current Environment Issues:
|air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Dane(s)
adjective: Danish
|Ethnic groups:
|Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali
|Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority) note: English is the predominant second language
|Evangelical Lutheran (official) 95%, other Christian (includes Protestant and Roman Catholic) 3%, Muslim 2%
|5,556,452 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 17.2% (male 489,845/female 465,189)
15-24 years: 13% (male 367,927/female 352,872)
25-54 years: 39.3% (male 1,091,525/female 1,094,584)
55-64 years: 12.5% (male 344,484/female 348,596)
65 years and over: 18% (male 446,476/female 554,954) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 55 %
youth dependency ratio: 27.2 %
elderly dependency ratio: 27.7 %
potential support ratio: 3.6 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 41.4 years
male: 40.5 years
female: 42.3 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|0.23% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|10.2 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 86.9% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|COPENHAGEN (capital) 1.206 million (2011)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|29.1 (2010 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 4.14 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.21 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 78.94 years
male: 76.54 years
female: 81.47 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.73 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Health expenditures:
|11.4% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|3.42 physicians/1,000 population (2007)
|Hospital bed density:
|3.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.2% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|5,300 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|18.2% (2008)
|Education expenditures:
|8.7% of GDP (2009)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 17 years
male: 16 years
female: 18 years (2010)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 14.2%
male: 15.7%
female: 12.7% (2011)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark
conventional short form: Denmark
local long form: Kongeriget Danmark
local short form: Danmark
|Government type:
|constitutional monarchy
| name: Copenhagen
geographic coordinates: 55 40 N, 12 35 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
note: applies to continental Denmark only, not to its North Atlantic components
|Administrative divisions:
| metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden, Midtjylland, Nordjylland, Sjaelland, Syddanmark
note: an extensive local government reform merged 271 municipalities into 98 and 13 counties into five regions, effective 1 January 2007
|ca. 965 (unified and Christianized under HARALD I Gormson); 5 June 1849 (became a constitutional monarchy)
|National holiday:
|none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June (1849) is generally viewed as the National Day
|5 June 1953; note - constitution allowed for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state
|Legal system:
|civil law; judicial review of legislative acts
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born on 26 May 1968)
head of government: Prime Minister Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT (since 3 October 2011)
cabinet: Council of State appointed by the monarch (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch
|Legislative branch:
| unicameral People's Assembly or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms unless the Folketing is dissolved earlier)
elections: last held on 15 September 2011 (next to be held by September 2015)
election results: percent of vote by party - V 26.7%, SDP 24.9%, DF 12.3%, SLP 9.5%, SF 9.2%, O 6.7%, LA 5%, C 4.9%, other 0.8%; seats by party - V 47, SDP 44, DF 22, SLP 17, SF 16, O 12, LA 9, C 8; note - does not include the two seats from Greenland and the two seats from the Faroe Islands
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges) judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the monarch upon the recommendation of the Minister of Justice with the advice of the Judicial Appointments Council, a 6-member independent body of judges and lawyers; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 70
subordinate courts: Special Court of Indictment and Revision; 2 High Courts; Maritime and Commercial Court; county courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Conservative People's Party or C [Lars BARFOED] Danish People's Party or DF [Kristian THULESEN DAHL] Liberal Alliance or LA [Anders SAMUELSEN] Liberal Party or V [Lars LOKKE RAMUSSEN] Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or O [collective leadership, spokesperson Johanne SCHMIDT-NIELSEN] Social Democratic Party or SDP [Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT] Social Liberal Party or SLP [Margrethe VESTAGER] Socialist People's Party or SF [Annette VILHELMSEN]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Confederation of Danish Employers or DA [President Jorn Neergaard LARSEN] Confederation of Danish Industries [CEO Karsten DYBVAD] Confederation of Danish Labor Unions (Landsorganisationen) or LO [President Harald BORSTING] Danish Bankers Association [CEO Joergen HORWITZ] DaneAge Association [President Bjarne HASTRUP] Danish Society for Nature Conservation [President Ella Maria BISSCHOP-LARSEN] other: environmental groups; humanitarian relief; development assistance; human rights NGOs
|International organization participation:
|ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|National symbol(s):
|lion; mute swan
|National anthem:
| name: "Der er et yndigt land" (There is a Lovely Land); "Kong Christian" (King Christian)
lyrics/music: Adam Gottlob OEHLENSCHLAGER/Hans Ernst KROYER; Johannes EWALD/unknown
note: Denmark has two national anthems with equal status; "Der er et yndigt land," adopted 1844, is a national anthem, while "Kong Christian," adopted 1780, serves as both a national and royal anthem; "Kong Christian" is also known as "Kong Christian stod ved hojen mast" (King Christian Stood by the Lofty Mast) and "Kongesangen" (The King's Anthem); within Denmark, the royal anthem is played only when royalty is present and is usually followed by the national anthem; when royalty is not present, only the national anthem is performed; outside Denmark, the royal anthem is played, unless the national anthem is requested
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Peter TAKSOE-JENSEN
chancery: 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 234-4300
consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Laurie S. FULTON
embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen 0
mailing address: Unit 5280, DPO, AE 09716
telephone: [45] 33 41 71 00
|^Back to Top
This thoroughly modern market economy features a high-tech agricultural sector, state-of-the-art industry with world-leading firms in pharmaceuticals, maritime shipping and renewable energy, and a high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a member of the European Union (EU); Danish legislation and regulations conform to EU standards on almost all issues. Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterized by extensive government welfare measures and an equitable distribution of income. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus but depends on imports of raw materials for the manufacturing sector. Within the EU, Denmark is among the strongest supporters of trade liberalization. After a long consumption-driven upswing, Denmark's economy began slowing in 2007 with the end of a housing boom. Housing prices dropped markedly in 2008-09 and, following a short respite in 2010, has since continued to decline. The global financial crisis has exacerbated this cyclical slowdown through increased borrowing costs and lower export demand, consumer confidence, and investment. The global financial crisis cut Danish real GDP in 2008-09. Denmark made a modest recovery in 2010 with real GDP growth of 1.3%, in part because of increased government spending; however, the country experienced a technical recession in late 2010-early 2011. Historically low levels of unemployment rose sharply with the recession and have remained at about 6% in 2010-12, based on the national measure, about two-thirds average EU unemployment. An impending decline in the ratio of workers to retirees will be a major long-term issue. Denmark maintained a healthy budget surplus for many years up to 2008, but the budget balance swung into deficit in 2009. In spite of the deficits, the new coalition government delivered a modest stimulus to the economy in 2012. Nonetheless, Denmark's fiscal position remains among the strongest in the EU with public debt at about 45% of GDP in 2012. Despite previously meeting the criteria to join the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), so far Denmark has decided not to join, although the Danish krone remains pegged to the euro.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $213.6 billion (2012 est.) $214.8 billion (2011 est.) $212.5 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $313.6 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|-0.6% (2012 est.) 1.1% (2011 est.) 1.6% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $38,300 (2012 est.) $38,600 (2011 est.) $38,400 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|23.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 23.3% of GDP (2011 est.) 22.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 49.5%
government consumption: 28.6%
investment in fixed capital: 17.8%
investment in inventories: -0.2%
exports of goods and services: 54.5%
imports of goods and services: -50.1% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 49.5%
government consumption: 28.6%
investment in fixed capital: 17.8%
investment in inventories: -0.2%
exports of goods and services: 54.5%
imports of goods and services: -50.1% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish
|iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment
|Industrial production growth rate:
|-1.2% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|2.785 million (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 2.6%
industry: 20.3%
services: 77.1% (2011 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|6% (2012 est.) 6.1% (2011 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|13.4% (2011)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 28.7% (2007)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|24.8 (2011 est.) 24.7 (1992)
| revenues: $175.5 billion
expenditures: $188.1 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|55.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
| 46.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 46.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.4% (2012 est.) 2.8% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|$18.6 billion (2012 est.) $22.08 billion (2011 est.)
|$105.1 billion (2012 est.) $110.6 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, pharmaceuticals, furniture, windmills
|Exports - partners:
|Germany 15.9%, Sweden 13.5%, UK 9.6%, US 6.6%, Norway 6.3%, Netherlands 4.6% (2012)
|$96.99 billion (2012 est.) $100.3 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods
|Imports - partners:
|Germany 20.8%, Sweden 13.3%, Netherlands 7.4%, China 6.3%, Norway 6.2%, UK 5.6% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$89.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $85.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$587.6 billion (31 December 2012) $571.4 billion (31 December 2011)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$144.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $140.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$241.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $229 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$179.5 billion (31 December 2011) $231.7 billion (31 December 2010) $186.9 billion (31 December 2009)
|Exchange rates:
|Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - 5.7925 (2012 est.) 5.3687 (2011 est.) 5.6241 (2010 est.) 5.361 (2009) 5.0236 (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|36.39 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 61
|Electricity - consumption:
|32.42 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|11.73 billion kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|10.6 billion kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|13.42 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|65.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|34.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|221,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|171,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|70,220 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|900 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|158,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|160,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|93,890 bbl/day (2010 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|177,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|7.069 billion cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|4.179 billion cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|3.126 billion cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|369 million cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|51.99 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|45.96 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 2.515 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 53
|Cellular Phones in use:
|7.159 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: excellent telephone and telegraph services
domestic: buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, multiple cellular mobile communications systems
international: country code - 45; a series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East)); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (2011)
|Broadcast media:
|strong public-sector TV presence with state-owned Danmarks Radio (DR) operating 4 channels and publicly owned TV2 operating roughly a half dozen channels; broadcasts of privately owned stations are available via satellite and cable feed; DR operates 4 nationwide FM radio stations, 15 digital audio broadcasting stations, and about 15 web-based radio stations; approximately 250 commercial and community radio stations (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|4.297 million (2012)
|Internet users:
|4.75 million (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 80 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 68
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 28
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 2 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 52
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 47 (2013)
|condensate 11 km; gas 4,377 km; oil 647 km; oil/gas/water 2 km (2013)
| total 2,667 km
standard gauge: 2,667 km 1.435-m gauge (640 km electrified) (2008)
| total 73,929 km
paved: 73,929 km (includes 1,143 km of expressways) (2012)
|400 km (2010)
|Merchant marine:
| total 367
by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 48, carrier 1, chemical tanker 125, container 94, liquefied gas 4, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 40, petroleum tanker 36, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 3
foreign-owned: 27 (Germany 9, Greenland 1, Norway 2, Sweden 15)
registered in other countries: 582 (Antigua and Barbuda 20, Bahamas 69, Belgium 4, Brazil 3, Curacao 1, Cyprus 6, Egypt 1, France 11, Gibraltar 7, Hong Kong 42, Isle of Man 30, Italy 4, Jamaica 1, Liberia 8, Lithuania 8, Luxembourg 1, Malaysia 1, Malta 34, Marshall Islands 7, Moldova 1, Netherlands 27, Norway 7, Panama 41, Philippines 2, Portugal 4, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9, Singapore 149, Sweden 4, UK 43, Uruguay 1, US 31, Venezuela 1, unknown 4) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
| major seaport(s): Baltic Sea - Aarhus, Copenhagen, Fredericia, Kalundborg; North Sea - Esbjerg,
river port(s): Aalborg (Langerak) dry bulk cargo port(s): Ensted (coal) cruise port(s): Copenhagen
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Defense Command: Army Operational Command, Admiral Danish Fleet, Arctic Command, Tactical Air Command, Home Guard (2010)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months according to specialization; reservists are assigned to mobilization units following completion of their conscript service; women eligible to volunteer for military service (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 1,236,337
females age 16-49: 1,224,182 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 1,014,560
females age 16-49: 1,003,921 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 37,913
female: 35,865 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|1.3% of GDP (2007 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Faroese continue to study proposals for full independence; sovereignty dispute with Canada over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland; Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
stateless persons: 3,623 (2012)
|^Back to Top
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Daughter battles UPMC for guardianship of motherFebruary 3, 2014 12:00 AM
A dispute over guardianship and medical power of attorney between UPMC and the daughter of an 85-year-old UPMC Shadyside patient has brought into sharp relief the complexities and sensitivities about who gets to make medical decisions for an incapacitated patient.
Enisa Begovic, 85, of South Oakland has been a patient since Oct. 22 at UPMC Presbyterian and then UPMC Shadyside, and is in fragile health, with ventilator support and compromised kidney function among other medical problems. She now spends most of the day sleeping.
Mrs. Begovic was initially admitted for pneumonia, but a series of setbacks and disagreements about her care has led to ongoing hospitalization and a legal standoff in which a court granted power of medical attorney for her to Ursuline Senior Services.
In the past two months, UPMC restricted the daughter's access to her mother and required her to be escorted to her mother's room by security, after the hospital accused her of interfering with her mother's medical care.
The daughter, Mirsada Begovic, is a physician trained in Bosnia who once was part of the University of Pittsburgh Medical School staff. Her offense, she says, has been advocating forcefully for her mother.
"I didn't consent, after consulting Mayo Clinic, to some risky, questionable, no-evidence-based medical procedures and experimental treatments for my mom that UPMC's doctors recommended," she said recently. "This made them angry."
Dr. Begovic has had limited visitation with her mother following what a UPMC official told her in a letter were "multiple incidents" in which she vociferously disagreed with their treatment plan.
Dr. Begovic does not dispute that she is a vocal advocate for her mother, and she shared a copy of a Jan. 2 letter from Richard Kidwell in UPMC's legal department.
"Yesterday morning during your visit, your behavior, including loud insulting demands and verbally threatening behavior toward nursing staff, again disrupted patient care for your mother and other patients on the unit," he wrote, adding that the loss of guardianship meant she no longer had authority to make decisions on her mother's behalf.
"As a result of your continued inappropriate and disruptive behavior, you are no longer permitted on UPMC property for any reason, except as necessary for your own medical care or when specifically invited by UPMC staff for scheduled family meetings."
She has been directed to report to hospital security for each of the 30-minute visits she is allowed three times a week, where she undergoes screening by a metal detector before being escorted to her mother's room.
She is not allowed to ask UPMC physicians about her mother's care.
Last week, the court-appointed guardian authorized a "do not resuscitate" order for Mrs. Begovic on the recommendation of both UPMC doctors and a physician not on UPMC's staff. That order blocks aggressive resuscitative efforts such as CPR to revive Mrs. Begovic if she stops breathing, which Dr. Begovic said goes against her mother's expressed wishes.
Last Wednesday, Dr. Begovic unsuccessfully petitioned Orphan's Court to block the move. "In her living will, she wants life-prolonging procedures including cardiopulmonary resuscitation," the daughter said. "My understanding is that is considered 'full code,' that she does want aggressive resuscitative treatments."
On Thursday, she filed a petition to end the third-party guardianship for her mother.
"It is very unusual for a hospital to push family aside and seek guardianship, and it is very unusual for a court to grant it unless there is clear malicious intent or obvious harm," said Arthur Caplan, director of the Division of Medical Ethics at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City.
In fact, Mr. Caplan -- one of the nation's premier bioethicists -- said he cannot remember a single case in the past 30 years where a hospital challenged guardianship because a family member was deemed too zealous in their advocacy.
"For that to happen, there must have been some serious back and forth going on," he said.
Hospitals and courts, he said, will generally let family members make medical decisions "as long as they are seen as both loving and caring toward their relative, and as long as they are seen as effective advocates. And you can lose your effectiveness if you are very difficult to deal with."
Ultimately, though, Mr. Caplan believes the hospital still has an obligation to continue to reach out to Dr. Begovic, given her mother's frail health.
Mrs. Begovic's extended hospitalization is unusual. Typically, acute care patients are hospitalized for a matter of days until they are stable, then they are discharged to home or transferred to a long-term care facility.
Dr. Begovic believes that with proper treatment her mother, too, might recover enough strength to move to a long-term facility. She said the estimated $71,000 in medical costs to date have been covered by her mother's UPMC For You Advantage insurance and medical assistance.
"They are trying to say she's terminal. She's not terminal," she said. Adding to her distress is that fact that her mother, who came to the U.S. from Bosnia in 1996 to live with her daughter, does not speak English.
"She cries when I leave. She is lonely and isolated," said Dr. Begovic. "She is fearful, bewildered at my absence from her bedside."
While hospitals rarely seek a change in guardianship when a family member is willing and available to take on that responsibility, they usually prevail when they do.
Hospitals have a clear advantage when such disputes land in court, said Elaine Renoire, president of the Illinois-based National Association to Stop Guardian Abuse, since a hospital can simply argue the relative is not acting in the patient's best interest. "In every case we've dealt with, the hospital wins."
In November 2010, for example, Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago threatened to seek court approval to remove medical power of attorney from a patient's daughter following a dispute about whether the mother, 86, should be discharged.
The daughter, Janet Bedin, had argued her mother was not strong enough to go home after nearly two months in the hospital. But she eventually relented, telling the Chicago Tribune that the possibility of losing power of attorney for her mother's care prompted her decision.
"I don't like to be beaten down, but I am," Ms. Bedin told the Tribune. "They wore us down, and it's not right that it happened." Her mother died of pancreatic cancer the following August.
In Dr. Begovic's situation, Ms. Renoire said, her medical credentials give her position added credence.
"As a doctor, doesn't she have even more right to disagree with what the doctors are telling her?" she asked. "Everyone knows you're supposed to get a second or third opinion, so what's wrong with that? And what's that got to do with mom's right to see her daughter?"
Dr. Begovic said she worries that her mother's condition will continue to deteriorate. But she was heartened Thursday when, during her visit, "my mother asked me today, for the first time, whispering, 'Daj mi vode' -- Give me water -- and I gave her a few drops of water."
Steve Twedt: email@example.com or 412-263-1963.


text:
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text:
In the last post, we got a pretty good feel for the general attitude toward the "Merit Badge Mill" for a lack of a better term. It seems that there is not a lot of support for this style of merit badge earning.
Now, I did receive some emails that found that style the best practice in, as one guy put it "the world we live in". But those comments were far less than those opposed. In all fairness… I did 'accept' any comment that was made on the blog. I did not respond to all of the emails, especially the one that called me "Old fashioned and not in touch with today's Scouts".
Which led me to thinking this week… What kind of Scoutmaster are you?
It was brought to my attention that the 1998 Scout Handbook does not make mention of Baden-Powell. I have not checked this out for myself, but if that is the case, it begs the question.. Why?
But back to the subject at hand.. What kind of Scoutmaster are you?
Baden-Powell said in "Aids to Scoutmastership" that we need not be "Know it all's"
To be a Scoutmaster you need:
- He must have the boy spirit in him; and must be able to place himself on a right plane with his boys as a first step.
- He must realise the needs, outlooks and desires of the different ages of boy life.
- He must deal with the individual boy rather than with the mass.
- He then needs to promote a corporate spirit among his individuals to gain the best results
Now BP goes on to explain all these points in the book and I won't just copy and paste the whole thing here.. Google search Aids to Scoutmastership and get your own copy and read it. But I will say that if you do as BP says.. you may just be a good Scoutmaster.
Scoutmasters should be a friend to the Scouts. He should remember that these are boys and not adults. We ask a lot from these young men which is all a part of the program, but at the end of the day they are boys. They have issues at home, school, sports teams, and the everyday life of a teen ager. So for the Scoutmaster that places himself on the "right plane" with the Scouts does a better job understanding them and working with them as they grow and develop.
The Scoutmaster needs to understand where the Scouts are in life. Once again, they are not men, they are boys and they all grow and develop at different rates. Some 14 year olds are more mature that others. Some 12 year olds mature faster than some 15 year olds. So it is important that the Scoutmaster works with the Scouts individually and not paint broad strokes with his Scoutmaster brush. At the same time, the Scoutmaster needs to build the team up as well as the individual. The team (Troop and Patrol) is an important part of the Scouting program and a huge part in developing young men.
On the other hand. And I know too many Scoutmasters like this, they are 'roped' into doing the job, they have no real desire to do the job but they do it because their son is in the troop, and they have no desire to learn the program or assist in running it right.
Now is that a subjective statement. Not so much. In the introduction to being a Scoutmaster in the Scoutmaster training program, the trainers introduce the new Scoutmasters to the 8 methods of Scouting. And with few exceptions the methods have remained the same for 102 years. Those same methods that BP himself outlined.
In both Aids to Scoutmastership and Scouting for Boys, you can find all of the methods that we currently use to achieve the Aims of Scouting.
The Patrol being the foundation for the Scout to start learning. The ideals found in the Scout Oath and Law as well as the motto and slogan take that foundation and apply it to their daily lives and the attitudes that shape the Patrol as a group. Scouting is done and should always be done in the outdoors with a Patrol. The Outdoor program is fundamental in the Scouting program. It is as BP said "our classroom". Advancement opportunities set challenges and goals for the Scout to meet. The Advancement program tests the Scouts ability to manage his goal setting and give him a measurement of his own success. Not the success of the unit, but himself. The association with adults is a method that is often confused. Confused, because it is a method for the Scout.. not the adult. In associating with adults the Scout learns to manuever through the world. It places the Scout in a position to learn to be comfortable in job settings as well as social settings. The adults role in this method is to be a good example. Personal Growth is perhaps one of the most important methods that is often overlooked by Scoutmasters that do not take a personal care for each of the Scouts in their Troop. The Scoutmaster that does the job for a set amount of time or because no one else would take the job often look at Scouting as a camping club. Merit badges just happen at Summer camp and it really doesn't matter if there is personal growth in the individual Scouts. I mean, after all you only have to care for them on Monday nights and one weekend a month… right? The uniform is where I see most of the lack of care for methods. Cost is always an excuse, but rarely a solution is given. The uniform has been a part of Scouting since the very beginning and should remain a method as long as Scouting exists. It is not a financial burden if the Scout believes and lives the part of the law that suggests that he is "Thrifty". Adults create the burden by not enforcing the standard. To many parents fail to see the value in Scouting's values and would rather take the easy way out and just say that it can't be done. Hog Wash! And finally, when it comes to methods Leadership development. Now, I do know that I put this one last and that is not how they are listed… but here is where I see a big gap in the ways in which Scoutmastership is practiced.
Leaders are made, not born and sometimes that trial and error called learning is not pretty. The Patrol and Troop are the practice grounds for leadership development. And to be honest.. it's real ugly sometimes.. that is when the good Scoutmaster needs to allow it to be ugly. Parents don't like to see that.. but it is the best way for a Scout to learn. Mistakes are opportunities to learn as long as the Scoutmaster is there to teach, coach, train, and mentor the Scout. By applying "Guided Discovery" the Scout will develop into a leader. He may not be the next Patton or [insert your favorite leader here], but the lessons he learns while discovering his leadership potential will serve him later in life.
In short.. What kind of Scoutmaster are you? Are you one that embraces the lessons taught us by Baden-Powell or do we throw it all out the window for "modern thinking" and convenience. "Old fashioned and not in touch with today's Scout". I don't know about you, but can you disagree with the Values of Scouting? How about the methods? These are time-tested and work well when applied by caring Scoutmasters.
If that makes me old-fashioned… so be it.. but if you do as BP suggests.. you can never be out of touch with today's Scout. They are the same as they always have been… they are boys looking for adventure.
I am curious to hear what you have to say about this. What kind of Scoutmaster are you?
"What the Scoutmaster does, his boys will do. The Scoutmaster is reflected in his scouts. From the self-sacrifice and patriotism of their Scoutmaster, Scouts inherit the practice of voluntary self-sacrifice and patriotic service." – BP in Aids to Scoutmastership
Have a Great Scouting Day!


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Luxembourg Population: 514,86230 VISITORS FROM HERE!
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|Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839 but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both world wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area. In January 2013, Luxembourg assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2013-14 term.
Landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world
|Western Europe, between France and Germany
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 2,586 sq km
land: 2,586 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: slightly smaller than Rhode Island
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 359 km
border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km
|0 km (landlocked)
|Maritime claims:
|none (landlocked)
|modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
|mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Moselle River 133 m
highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m
|Natural resources:
|iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
|Land use:
| arable land: 23.9%
permanent crops: 0.58%
other: 75.52% (includes Belgium) (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|Current Environment Issues:
|air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
|^Back to Top
| noun: Luxembourger(s)
adjective: Luxembourg
|Ethnic groups:
|Luxembourger 63.1%, Portuguese 13.3%, French 4.5%, Italian 4.3%, German 2.3%, other EU 7.3%, other 5.2% (2000 census)
|Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)
|Roman Catholic 87%, other (includes Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 13% (2000)
|514,862 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 18% (male 47,679/female 44,812)
15-24 years: 12.6% (male 33,182/female 31,860)
25-54 years: 42.3% (male 109,075/female 108,922)
55-64 years: 11.8% (male 30,481/female 30,422)
65 years and over: 15.2% (male 32,892/female 45,537) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 46.5 %
youth dependency ratio: 25.7 %
elderly dependency ratio: 20.8 %
potential support ratio: 4.8 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 39.6 years
male: 38.5 years
female: 40.6 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|1.13% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|11.72 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|8.52 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|8.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 85% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|LUXEMBOURG (capital) 90,000 (2009)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|29.3 (2008 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|20 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.37 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 79.88 years
male: 76.64 years
female: 83.33 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.77 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Health expenditures:
|7.8% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|2.86 physicians/1,000 population (2007)
|Hospital bed density:
|5.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.3% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|26% (2008)
|Education expenditures:
|3.8% of GDP (2001)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100% (2000 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2010)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 16.8%
male: 13.3%
female: 20.8% (2011)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
conventional short form: Luxembourg
local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg
local short form: Luxembourg
|Government type:
|constitutional monarchy
| name: Luxembourg
geographic coordinates: 49 36 N, 6 07 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|Administrative divisions:
|3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg
|1839 (from the Netherlands)
|National holiday:
|National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June; note - the actual date of birth was 23 January 1896, but the festivities were shifted by five months to allow observance during a more favorable time of year
|17 October 1868; occasional revisions
|Legal system:
|civil law system
|18 years of age; universal and compulsory
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER (since 20 January 1995); Deputy Prime Minister Jean ASSELBORN (since 31 July 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following popular elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; the deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch; they are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies
note: government coalition - CSV and LSAP
|Legislative branch:
| unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 7 June 2009 (next to be held by June 2014)
election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 38%, LSAP 21.6%, DP 15%, Green Party 11.7%, ADR 8.1%, The Left 3.3%, other 2.3%; seats by party - CSV 26, LSAP 13, DP 9, Green Party 7, ADR 4, The Left 1 note: there is also a Council of State that serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State has 21 members appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Superior Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members) judge selection and term of office: judges of both courts appointed by the monarch for life
subordinate courts: district and local tribunals and courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS] Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Michel WOLTER] The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [Fabienne LENTZ and David WAGNER] Democratic Party or DP [Xavier BETTEL] Green Party [Sam TANSON and Christian GOEBEL] Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY] other minor parties
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|ABBL (bankers' association) ALEBA (financial sector trade union) Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers) CEP (professional sector chamber) CGFP (trade union representing civil service) Chamber of Commerce (Chambre de Commerce) Chamber of Artisans (Chambre des Metiers) FEDIL (federation of industrialists) Greenpeace (environment protection) LCGP (center-right trade union) Mouvement Ecologique (environment protection) OGBL (center-left trade union)
|International organization participation:
|ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|National symbol(s):
|National anthem:
| name: "Ons Heemecht" (Our Motherland); "De Wilhelmus" (The William)
lyrics/music: Michel LENTZ/Jean-Antoine ZINNEN; Nikolaus WELTER/unknown
note: "Ons Heemecht," adopted 1864, is the national anthem, while "De Wilhelmus," adopted 1919, serves as a royal anthem for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Jean-Louis WOLZFELD
chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 265-4171 through 72
consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Robert MANDELL
embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City
mailing address: American Embassy Luxembourg, Unit 1410, APO AE 09126-1410 (official mail); American Embassy Luxembourg, PSC 9, Box 9500, APO AE 09123 (personal mail)
telephone: [352] 46-01-23
|^Back to Top
This small, stable, high-income economy - benefiting from its proximity to France, Belgium, and Germany - has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. Growth in the financial sector, which now accounts for about 27% of GDP, has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Most banks are foreign-owned and have extensive foreign dealings, but Luxembourg has lost some of its advantages as a favorable tax location because of OECD and EU pressure. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for about 40% of its labor force. Luxembourg, like all EU members, suffered from the global economic crisis that began in late 2008, but unemployment has trended below the EU average. Following strong expansion from 2004 to 2007, Luxembourg's economy contracted 3.6% in 2009, but rebounded in 2010-11 before slowing again in 2012. The country continues to enjoy an extraordinarily high standard of living - GDP per capita ranks among the highest in the world, and is the highest in the euro zone. Turmoil in the world financial markets and lower global demand during 2008-09 prompted the government to inject capital into the banking sector and implement stimulus measures to boost the economy. Government stimulus measures and support for the banking sector, however, led to a 5% government budget deficit in 2009. Nevertheless, the deficit was cut to 1.1% in 2011 and 0.9% in 2012. Even during the financial crisis and recovery, Luxembourg retained the highest current account surplus as a share of GDP in the euro zone, owing largely to their strength in financial services. Public debt remains among the lowest of the region although it has more than doubled since 2007 as percentage of GDP. Luxembourg's economy, while stabile, grew slowly in 2012 due to ongoing weak growth in the euro area. Authorities have strengthened supervision of domestic banks because of their exposure to the activities of foreign banks.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $42.92 billion (2012 est.) $42.87 billion (2011 est.) $42.17 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $56.74 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|0.1% (2012 est.) 1.7% (2011 est.) 2.9% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $81,100 (2012 est.) $82,500 (2011 est.) $83,100 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 31%
government consumption: 16.8%
investment in fixed capital: 19.9%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 170.5%
imports of goods and services: -138.3% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 31%
government consumption: 16.8%
investment in fixed capital: 19.9%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 170.5%
imports of goods and services: -138.3% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy and livestock products
|banking and financial services, iron and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism
|Industrial production growth rate:
|6.2% (2011 est.)
|Labor force:
|208,200 note: data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 2.2%
industry: 17.2%
services: 80.6% (2007 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|6% (2012 est.) 5.7% (2011 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 23.8% (2000)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|26 (2005)
| revenues: $23.78 billion
expenditures: $24.43 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|41.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
| 19% of GDP (2012 est.) 18.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.7% (2012 est.) 3.4% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|$500 million (2012 est.) $3.033 billion (2011 est.)
|$13.2 billion (2012 est.) $19.22 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass
|Exports - partners:
|Germany 21.6%, France 15.5%, Belgium 14.5%, UK 5.8%, Italy 5.6%, Switzerland 4.7% (2012)
|$23.29 billion (2012 est.) $26.54 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods
|Imports - partners:
|Belgium 30.9%, Germany 23.4%, France 10.4%, US 8.2%, China 7.2%, Netherlands 5.1% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$991 million (31 December 2012 est.) $1.014 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$2.643 trillion (31 December 2012) $2.084 trillion (31 December 2011)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$67.63 billion (31 December 2011) $101.1 billion (31 December 2010) $105.6 billion (31 December 2009)
|Exchange rates:
|euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7778 (2012 est.) 0.7185 (2011 est.) 0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|2.49 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 131
|Electricity - consumption:
|5.973 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|3.216 billion kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|7.28 billion kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|1.702 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|28.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|61,380 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|686.3 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|51,930 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|1.183 billion cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|1.183 billion cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|10.8 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 279,100 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 121
|Cellular Phones in use:
|765,000 (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables
domestic: fixed line teledensity over 50 per 100 persons; nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system with market for mobile-cellular phones virtually saturated
international: country code - 352 (2010)
|Broadcast media:
|Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services to pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne des Satellites (SES); domestically, the RTL group operates TV and radio networks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available; satellite and cable TV services available (2008)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|250,900 (2012)
|Internet users:
|424,500 (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 2 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 202
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 1
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
|1 (2013)
|gas 142 km; refined products 27 km (2013)
| total 275 km
standard gauge: 275 km 1.435-m gauge (243 km electrified) (2008)
| total 5,227 km
paved: 5,227 km (includes 147 km of expressways) (2008)
|37 km (on Moselle River) (2010)
|Merchant marine:
| total 49
by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 3, chemical tanker 20, container 10, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 12
foreign-owned: 48 (Belgium 11, Denmark 1, France 15, Germany 9, Japan 3, Netherlands 3, Switzerland 1, UK 5)
registered in other countries: 18 (Italy 14, Malta 3, Panama 1) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Luxembourg Army (L'Armee Luxembourgeoises) (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18-24 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 118,665
females age 16-49: 117,456 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 97,290
females age 16-49: 96,361 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 3,263
female: 3,084 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
stateless persons: 177 (2012)
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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What do you say about a 17-1 game that isn't obvious or sarcastic? The Cubs got their asses kicked today, and most of the damage came off of Jeff Samardzija and Casey Coleman. The end.
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Those sandy shores may look nice, but nothing looks nicer than a Ravens win. You need a way to keep your winning Ravens with you when you go see sun shine down on those crashing blue waves. Show your team spirit at the next beach outing with these team-colored flip flops from Quiksilver, which feature printed team graphics on the textured footbed and an embossed team wordmark on the synthetic rubber strap. Perfect as casual footwear or for late-summer games, these flip flops will show everyone that you're the ultimate Ravens fanatic!
- Officially licensed NFL product
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- Brand: Quiksilver
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Definition of "take sb under your wing" - English Dictionary
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to make a surface shiny by putting a liquid substance onto it and leaving it or heating it until it dries


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Earth's wobble 'fixes' dinner for marine organisms
Posted September 13, 2013; 12:15 p.m.
The cyclic wobble of the Earth on its axis controls the production of a nutrient essential to the health of the ocean, according to a new study in the journal Nature. The discovery of factors that control this nutrient, known as "fixed" nitrogen, gives researchers insight into how the ocean regulates its own life-support system, which in turn affects the Earth's climate and the size of marine fisheries.
Researchers from Princeton University and the Swiss Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH) report that during the past 160,000 years nitrogen fixation rose and fell in a pattern that closely matched the changing orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, or axial precession. Axial precession occurs on a cycle of roughly 26,000 years and arises because the Earth wobbles slightly as it rotates, similar to the wobble of a toy top. Studies from the 1980s revealed that precession leads to a regular upwelling of deep water in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean roughly every 23,000 years. The upwelling in turn brings nitrogen-poor water to the surface where blue-green algae convert nitrogen drawn from the air into a form that is biologically usable.
The finding that nitrogen fixation is determined by precession-driven upwelling appears to indicate that the ocean's fixed nitrogen reservoir is resilient and that the ocean biosphere can recover from even the most dramatic ecological changes, said second author Daniel Sigman, Princeton's Dusenbury Professor of Geological and Geophysical Sciences.
Researchers from Princeton University and the Swiss Institute of Technology in Zurich found that the wobble of the Earth on its axis controls the production of fertilizing nitrogen essential to the health of the ocean. The wobble, known as axial precession, causes an upwell of nitrogen-poor (but phosphorus-rich) water from the deep ocean roughly every 23,000 years. Blue-green algae such as Trichodesmium (above) feed on the phosphorous as they convert, or "fix," nitrogen in the air into a biologically active form that becomes part of the ocean's nitrogen cycle. (Image courtesy of the Center for Microbial Oceanography, University of Hawaii)
"By studying the response of nitrogen fixation to different environmental changes in the Earth's past, we have found connections that may ensure that the ocean's fixed nitrogen level will always rebound," Sigman said. "This suggests that an ocean over time has a relatively stable nutrient reservoir, and thus stable productivity."
The rise of deep water spurs nitrogen fixation because that water is low in nitrogen but contains an excess of another key nutrient, phosphorus, Sigman said. The phosphorus fuels the fixing of nitrogen carried out by blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria.
"The phosphorus-rich, nitrogen-poor water is a boon to cyanobacteria that can fix their own nitrogen," Sigman said. "By growing more rapidly, the nitrogen-fixers 'top up' the fixed nitrogen to the levels needed by other phytoplankton."
Sigman collaborated on the study with Princeton graduate student Mathis Hain; first-author Marietta Straub, Alfredo Martínez-García, A. Nele Meckler and senior author Gerald Haug, all in the Department of Earth Sciences at ETH; and Haojia Ren of the Columbia University Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.
The researchers tracked changes in nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean by measuring the fixed nitrogen contained in the shells of marine animals recovered from sediment in the Caribbean Sea. Working in Sigman's lab, the investigators measured the amount of two types of nitrogen known as 14N and 15N contained in the shells of tiny marine animal plankton called foraminifera. The ratio of 15N to 14N was then used to reconstruct the rate of nitrogen fixation.
The reconstructed history of North Atlantic nitrogen fixation (black) is partly driven by the cyclic wobble of the Earth's axis of rotation (orange) and its effect on equatorial Atlantic upwelling. (Image courtesy of Daniel Sigman, Department of Geosciences)
The pattern of nitrogen fixation measured in foraminifera matched the historical record of axial precession and the resulting ocean upwelling. The investigators also compared the fluctuations in nitrogen fixation to historical records of water temperature and levels of iron — another crucial nutrient — both of which influence cyanobacteria survival and thus nitrogen fixation. No correlation was found.
"Our findings suggest that this upwelling was the dominant influence on nitrogen fixation," Sigman said.
Douglas Capone, a professor and chair of biological sciences at the University of Southern California, said that the research is notable both for understanding the nitrogen cycle and for providing a method to study it.
"I have long pondered and hoped for ways to reconstruct deeper historical trends in this important nitrogen-cycle process," Capone said. "The new study by the Sigman and Haug groups is a major breakthrough in providing a means to do this along with throwing light on the major controls on this key process over long time scales."
The paper, "Changes in North Atlantic nitrogen fixation controlled by ocean circulation," was published in Nature Sept. 12. The research was supported by the Swiss and U.S. National Science Foundations and Princeton's Grand Challenges Program.


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Spiritual Growth and Spiritual Development in Gunn, Alberta, Canada
When we run from God, we run right into God in Canada Alberta Gunn
Things are going to get severe as we track along the path that Christ has for us in Canada Alberta Gunn
But something kept whispering to me, "I give to you everyday, Deb. I am making your life better every day in in Gunn, Alberta, Canada . What are you giving Me?" That is when I learned about the give and take of the relationship. I was taking an awful lot and I wasn't giving any. So, since December, I have really made an effort to give back and to get involved. I do greeting. I work in the Connection Class. In the Sports Ministry I started out playing basketball, but they learned that I was not the Ed Young of basketball, so they recruited me to keep score. I do some outreach, working with the shelter. That is done through my connection here.
Spiritual growth and spiritual development is getting outside of yourself. It is serving. It is loving. It is sharing. And it is tossing lifelines. We have looked at lifelines in the past. We have heard about lifeline rescue situations in the present. Now, let's hit on the future.There are literally tens of thousands of people that we rub shoulders with week in and week out who are drowning. They are desperately treading water and their arms are getting heavy; they are sucking down salt water and trying to use floatation devices that quite frankly, aren't working. Money isn't doing it. Fame isn't doing it. Climbing the corporate ladder isn't doing it. Relationships aren't filling the void. Something is wrong in in Gunn, Alberta, Canada .
Spiritual Growth and Spiritual Development Gunn Alberta Canada
Postal Codes in Gunn, Alberta, Canada


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Nylabone® Nutri Dent Complete Small Dog Dental Chew - Filet MignonDetails http://www.petsmart.com/dog/food-and-health/treats-and-rawhide/dental-treats/nylabone-nutri-dent-complete-small-dog-dental-chew---filet-mignon-5250965.html
Offer applies to Standard Shipping only. Due to size and/or weight, certain items bear a shipping surcharge or special handling fee, which will still apply. Savings will automatically reflect in shopping cart with the purchase of qualifying merchandise. Maximum value $75. Valid only on orders shipped within the contiguous 48 U.S. states and to military APO/FPO addresses. Offer not valid on products in the following categories: live pets; live plants; canned, fresh or frozen foods; select cat litters: and items that are not eligible for shipping. Offer may not be combined with other promotional offers or discounts. Terms and conditions of this offer are subject to change at the sole discretion of PetSmart. Offer valid online only through May 2, 2017 @ 6:30 am EST.


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Add some diversity to your fitness program with these butt and hip exercises from the American Council on Exercise. We'll help you tone up those glutes and get that butt into shape. Choose from a wide variety of hip flexibility and strengthening exercises including glute bridges, BOSU lateral jumps and more. These exercises come with detailed instructions, step-by-step guidance and tutorials on proper equipment use. For full workout routines featuring butt and hip exercises, be sure to visit our Workouts section.
Fit Life Articles
Do you find it a challenge to stop eating, even if you're already full? You're not alone. ACE Pro Jonathan Ross explains that many of our attitudes and habits related to eating are learned behaviors. Fortunately, that means we can change them.
When you love to exercise, it's natural to want everyone around you to feel the good vibes, but influencing other people to change is challenging. Before you try to convince your partner (or anyone, for that matter) to exercise more often, read these important tips on how...
One of the best exercises for strengthening the core is the plank, because it effectively recruits so many muscles, including the abdominals and back muscles. If you want to work on strengthening your core, check out this four-week core challenge that is easy to follow and...


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1. Only rear wheel drive or front wheel drive vehicles allowed. Four wheel drive or all wheel drive vehicles can be used as long as one driveshaft is removed. No full size trucks or vans.
2. All glass, moldings, door handles, headlights, tail lights and exterior chrome must be removed. Including headlight mount panels. Anything that can fall off on the track must be removed. No foreign objects attached to the roof. Roof number plates must be collapsible if used.
3. Fuel tanks cannot remain under the vehicle. All tanks shall be securely strapped into the trunk or rearmost portion of the vehicle. Must be fastened with at least 2, 1/8"X1" flat steel straps and 4, ½" bolts. No plumbers strap, fabric, or chains.
4. Batteries can be in stock position or moved as long as they are mounted with steel straps and bolts. All batteries must be covered!
5. Radiator must remain in stock position. Tranny coolers must not be mounted in passenger compartment.
6. Front and rear bumpers are mandatory and must be securely mounted. Collapsible shocks can be welded, do not reinforce bumper. All bumpers must be chained with two chains so they can not fall off on the track.
7. No mud, snow or all-terrain type tires on the drive axle.
8. Each person must wear an approved helmet with eye protection and also wear a functional seat belt.
9. Rubbing and hugging allowed. No intentional hits, violators will receive penalty.
10. No person will exit from any vehicle during the event unless a red or yellow flag has been displayed by officials. If vehicle is dead on a red or yellow flag you may exit your vehicle only to go to the pits. No repairs of any kind on red or yellow flags. Vehicles may be worked on at half time. If vehicle is running Stay in it and keep your helmet and seat belt fastened.
11. Each vehicle is responsible for providing a lap counter. This person shall work in the main grandstand and score each lap using a system approved by judging staff.
12. Any unsportsmanlike or disruptive conduct will result in immediate disqualification with no refund of entry fee.
12. No alcohol beverages of any kind in the pits!
13. Any vehicle not in compliance with these rules will not be allowed to compete. All vehicles will be inspected by technical staff and their decisions are final.


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Last week, we asked 75 entrepreneurs to tell us what they loved about running their own businesses. The feedback we got was so overwhelming, today we have 76 more small business owners on deck telling us what drives and motivates them to be their own boss!
1. "I love being an entrepreneur because I am able to work from home and make money doing something incredibly fun for me. I get paid to drink tea, paint with watercolors, and watch Sherlock!"
– Anna White, Artist and Business Coach, 2dayIchoose
2. "What I love most about being an entrepreneur is being able to work every day with my wife. I know it sounds corny, especially at Valentine's Day, but it's true. My wife always says 'I don't want to be Batman, I like being Robin.' When I was a kid, I was always Batman. That translates to an awesome working relationship. People ask us how we could stand being together all day at work and then at home again and we respond, we couldn't stand to not be working together every day. We have a ton of fun working together and we wouldn't have it any other way."
– Buck Smolow, Co-Founder, JustPoppin.com
3. "My story-based content marketing company stems from my passion for creative writing, and a refusal to settle for anything less than success. While in university I had come to believe that I would never be hired by a company based merely on my writing skills. I was told that I must learn a variety of additional skills such as Photoshop, etc. Things that I had zero interest in. Rather than settling for an apparent reality I chose to create my own. Here's to finding a passion and following it without fear. If you strive for excellence in your interest, the money will always follow. Believe me! #BeYourOwnBoss"
– Sarah Walker, CEO | Cursive Remedy Media


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Type: Compatible
Part No.: 52109001 (Type 5)
Category: Toner Cartridge
No. of pages: Up to 2,000 pages at 5% Coverage Learn more...
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Theater program to present 'Sunday in the Park with George'
Posted April 9, 2013; 10:19 a.m.
The Lewis Center for the Arts' Program in Theater will present a full staged production of Stephen Sondheim's musical "Sunday in the Park with George," directed by senior Julia Bumke, at 8 p.m. Friday and Saturday, April 12-13, and Thursday through Saturday, April 18-20, in the Berlind Theatre, McCarter Theatre Center. The musical transforms Georges Seurat's most famous painting into a life-size masterpiece to tell the story of exploring relationships and the creative process. For tickets call University Ticketing at 609-258-9220 or McCarter Theatre Center at 609-258-2787.


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Bank robbers are so not cool, but their style is pretty rad. Add some quirky mystery to your getup when you throw on the Inyoface mask by Volcom. It boasts a super comfy acrylic construction, blue and white stripes at the top, a woven design of sunglasses at the eyeholes and a small Volcom Stone logo embroidered at the back. You're just too awesome for your own good.
- One size fits most
- 100% Acrylic
- Imported
- Quality embroidery
- Two eyeholes
- Imported
- Brand: Volcom
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This section provides information on the Fast-start Finance (FSF) allocations, whenever such information has been provided by contributing Parties. It also includes detailed data on projects and activities supported by contributing countries. However, the information vary in details as some contributing countries provided detailed information in their submission while other countries only provided samples of projects they supported and referred to their web sites for detailed information.
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3 Note for Japan 2012.
© 2011 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change


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As I have been digging into my copy of Aids to Scoutmastership the last couple days, I have become more and more a fan of both Scoutmastership and of Baden-Powell.
There is a chapter in the book called "Scouting is Simple"… here it is:
- The aim of Scouting is quite a simple one.
- The Scoutmaster gives to the boy the ambition and desire to learn for himself by suggesting to him activities which attract him, and which he pursues till he, by experience, does them aright. (Such activities are suggested in Scouting for Boys).
- The Scoutmaster works through his Patrol Leaders.
And yes ladies and gentlemen, it is just that simple. I think the message of the last couple days and weeks has been leading to this thought.. keep it simple.
To many well-meaning committee members, district folks, and those that feel the need at the council level to get into Troop business, they have clearly not read Aids to Scoutmastership.
The role of the district and council are not to get into troop affairs. The Aim of Scouting is to develop Character, Citizenship, and Fitness. That is all Troop and Patrol business. The Council and District are there to support the units when needed.. not to replace the Troops annual planning (boy led) it is also there for administrative functions as a 'go between' to the National organization.
So far as giving the boys the ambition and desire to learn. Once again.. Troop stuff. Providing opportunities at the council and district level does not promote desire and ambition. This has to occur in the context of the Patrol. Troop guides, Patrol Leaders, and Senior Patrol leaders that have been trained to provide purpose, direction, and motivation, for the unit to be the best it can be. Again… Troop stuff.
And finally.. and my favorite!!!! Working the Patrol method. In all its pain and agony, its fun and success, its trial and error. The Patrol is where Scouting happens. It is that simple.
So, as BP says.. Scouting is Simple. Don't complicate it. If your unit is not keeping it simple, it may be time to evaluate what's going on in it.
Keep the conversation going.. let us know what you think.
Have a Great Scouting Day!


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Laughing Dog Wonderfully Wheat Free Biscuit Dog Meal 10kg
Complementary pet food for all adult dogs, in a handy size bag.
A tasty oven baked, hypoallergenic biscuit meal. Containing barley and oats from the farm this Wheat free meal is a fantastic complementary biscuit to be fed with fresh meat, canned or frozen.
Crunchy traditionally oven baked biscuit helps to remove plaque and keep teeth clean.
Wheat Free Biscuit Meal, which can be fed with meat or a BARF diet.
Suitable for all breeds of dogs over 12 weeks of age.
Key Benefits
Feeding Guide
Breed Size Grams per day
Small 135-180g mixed with Laughing Dog Farm Kitchen wet food. Alternatively with fresh or canned meat
Medium 180-285g mixed with Laughing Dog Farm Kitchen wet food. Alternatively with fresh or canned meat
Large 285g-560g mixed with Laughing Dog Farm Kitchen wet food. Alternatively with fresh or canned meat
Barley meal, Oatmeal, Maize flour, Pea flour, Ground linseed, Vegetable oil
Additive free!
Analytical Constituents:
Protein 10%, Crude Fibre 7%, Fat content 6%, Crude Ash 4%
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We'll deliver to your home or work address, whatever's easiest for you.
Unfortunately there is certain areas which may incur an extra delivery charge to the areas below.
AB31-AB38, AB41-AB45, AB51-AB56, FK19-FK21,HS-HS9, IV1-IV63, KA27-KA28, KW1-KW17, PA20-PA80, PH1, PH5-PH10, PH15-PH50,VI13, ZE1-ZE3, BT1-99, IM1-9 & 99, TR21-25, PO30-41,GY1-GY9, JE1-JE5, Channel Islands (Jersey & Guernsey), Isle of Wight
5. Do you ship internationally, i.e. outside the UK?
We currently ship standard orders outside the UK.
Still have questions?
Give us a call on 01287 658167 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, we'll be happy to help.
Click & Collect
Select the product you want to buy, add to you basket and head to the checkout.
At the checkout choose 'Collect Instore'.
Once you have received your confirmation telephone call or collection e-mail, simply pop in store to collect your shopping whenever you are ready.
* We do try to make sure that all items are in stock, but on that odd occasion your order may take up to 2 days for collection.
* When collecting your order, please bring your order confirmation e-mail ( or show us on your phone) & ID
* Click & Collect only available Monday to Friday 9 - 5.30 unless prior arrangements have been made for a Saturday collection 9 - 4.30
If you wish to return a product to us for any reason please do so within 30 days of the despatch date. To receive a full refund, items must not have been used and must be returned to us with their original packaging intact.
1. How do I return my item?
The easiest way for you to return your item is to follow these 3 steps:
1) Pack everything up securely. Please include your order number and covering note.
2) State the reason for your return.
3) Post back to us at the address below. We recommend you obtain proof of postage. As soon as we receive the returned item we will issue a full refund to the card with which you made your purchase, or using PayPal where appropriate.
Feedem Ltd
C/O (Customer Service Dept)
Unit 3
Morgan Drive
2. How long does it take to get a refund?
As soon as we receive the returned item we will issue a full refund to the card with which you made your purchase, or using PayPal where appropriate. This refund is subject to standard bank clearing times and depending on the payment method can take up to 7 working days.
3. For your protection we recommend that you use a recorded delivery service when returning your item back to us as we are not liable for any loss or damage whilst in transit.
If you cancel, you must return the goods to us at your own expense. You are responsible for the risk of loss or damage when you return goods, so you should take out enough postal insurance to cover their value
Still have questions?
Give us a call on 01287 658167 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, we'll be happy to help.


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dB Logic EP-100 Earphones
Ultra-small in-ear monitors offer fantastic sound quality while reducing exposure to high sound pressure levels. Can be worn with cable behind-the-ear for on-the-go security or with cables straight down for quick fitting. Compact storage case is ideal for traveling and fits in any pocket. Three sizes of compliant eartips to fit any ear. dB Logic's proprietary Sound Pressure Level Limiting...


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Christian Classics
Treat yourself or someone you love to one of these Christian classics from Family Christian, celebrations of faith that never go out of style. These classic Christian books always make great gifts! And like a good friend, they are always there when you need them most.
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Power Circle Scoring Legend:
About Ratings
The Overall Quality Rating is taken from the Initial Quality Study, which surveys original owners after 90 days of new-vehicle ownership. Ratings are provided at the model level (i.e., BMW 3 Series) and include all trim levels within that model (i.e., BMW 328, 335, 335is, et al). Click here to learn more about Power Circle Ratings or visit the model page for more ratings on the model.
Why are there no ratings for certain models?
For a brand or company to be included in a study and receive a Power Circle Rating, various research criteria that must be met. Accordingly, some models with very low production or sales volumes may not be included in a particular study and, therefore, do not receive a Rating.
Why are Ratings for certain trim levels the same with a model line?
In most cases, the Rating for an entire model line encompasses all trim levels/series, body styles, and engine/transmission combinations for that particular model. For instance, Ratings for the BMW 3 Series represents the entire 3 Series family, including all model variants (i.e. 328i, 335i, 335is, M3), body styles (i.e. sedan, coupe, convertible, wagon), and engine/transmission combinations. To meet research criteria, data for all vehicles within a particular model family are aggregated when calculating the model's Rating.
To learn more about Power Circle Ratings click here
To see who is advertising their performance click here
Ratings data for all body styles and trim levels within a particular model family are aggregated when calculating the model's overall Power Circle Rating.