text:
The first in a series of five very advanced Coast Guard vessels has reached its final port destination in Falkenberg at the West coast of Sweden.
With the help of Volvo Penta's innovative propulsion system the ships are to reduce fuel consumption by approximately 30% compared to traditional installations.
After successful test runs at the Baltic Sea with the Baltic Workboat in Estonia and subsequent naming ceremony at the end of May 2012 bears the ship KBV312 now the flag of Sweden. It is the first ship in a series of five versatile coastguard vessels which will be used primarily for maritime surveillance, border control, and fisheries control, protection of the environment, rescue and civil protection, monitoring and diving operations.
Efficient Propulsion system and great fuel savings
To give the vessel the best overall performance the highly efficient Volvo Penta IPS 1050 complete propulsion system was selected. The system consists of triple Volvo Penta IPS 1050 based on 3 x D13-800 Rating 4 engines at 588 kW each, giving at total propulsion power of 1764 kw and 3 x IPS 3 fully integrated pod units ( gearbox, exhaust system, rudder and steering machinery).
The very low fuel consumption over the whole speed range is creating great cost savings for the Swedish Coast Guard and with reduced CO2 and NOx emission; the environmental impact will be reduced. The engines are already meeting the EPA tier 3 emission levels in force 2014. The system is type approved by DNV.
During test trials the vessel reached a speed of 32 knots fully loaded and the time to accelerate from idle to 20 knots was only 7.5 seconds.
High manoeuvrability and low noise
The steerable IPS pod units with forward facing contra rotating propellers give very good grip in the water without slip and create an active rudder control with all thrust pointing in the desired direction. The good grip and the unbeatable low end torque are used to create good acceleration in all sea conditions and allow the vessel to steer sharply without cavitation and loss of speed.
The combination of twin turbo engine and Volvo Penta Duoprop technology is giving the vessel a very good bollard pull, above 10 tons, which is very useful for a vessel in search and rescue operations.
New Joystick driving, autopilot interface and integrated bridge control
The KBV312 is equipped with the latest in Volvo Penta's electronic vessel control EVC-E. In addition to the successful Joystick docking and dynamic positioning features, the KBV312 is also equipped with Joystick driving and steering at cruising. No steering wheel is used and the joystick is comfortable incorporated in the armrest of the helmsman's chair. In addition, the vessel is equipped with three joystick docking positions as well as a full engine room control station.
The EVC-E system is connected to an integrated bridge control (Integrated Alarm Monitoring and Control System - IAMCS) through a newly developed interface from Volvo Penta. All alarm and monitoring, alarm acknowledgement and rudder indication is handled on the IAMCS display.
A new Autopilot interface connects the EVC steering control to the vessels autopilot, with easy and safe connection and disconnection.


text: In this dreamy scene three elaborately gowned women with accessories of roses and richly coloured shawls and fans, pose together on a balcony. Nocturne is one of a series of night balcony scenes that Bunny painted which evoke a mood of intimacy and luxurious leisure, of perfume, poetry and distant music. Though ostensibly intimate, the scenario is theatrical.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
In Greece earlier this summer, we ate stuffed tomatoes whenever we could and I've been wanting to make them at home. We stuffed the Early Girls with an herby risotto and I had to share with you guys...
INGREDIENTS thanks to Canal House Vol 1 by Christopher Hirsheimer and Melissa Hamilton
{printable recipe}
- a dozen Dry Farmed Early Girls, or 8 medium tomatoes
- 6 tablespoons Carnaroli or Arborio rice
- handful parsley leaves, finely chopped
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- 6 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
- sea salt
Slice of 1/4 off the bottom of each tomato, and set bottoms aside. Carefully scrape out tomato flesh into a medium mixing bowl and place the hollow tomato cups on a baking tray or dish.
Break up the tomato flesh with the back of a spoon. Mix in rice, parsley, garlic, and 4 tablespoons olive oil. Season generously with salt and pepper. Scoop rice/tomato mixture back into the tomato cups and cover them with the reserved tomato bottoms. Drizzle olive oil over the tomatoes.
Bake in the hot oven for 40-50 minutes or until rice is tender and cooked through.
Serve at room temp with a leafy green salad on the side. Enjoy!


text:
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I'm a blogger from Germany with a MA in Literature and History which doesn't pay my bills, so I use it to research blogposts instead. I'm interested in everything Roman and Mediaeval, avid reader and sometimes writer, opera enthusiast, traveller with a liking for foreign languages and odd rocks, photographer, and tea aficionado. And an old-fashioned blogger who hasn't yet gotten an Instagram account. :-)
PEREGRINATIONESIllustrated Travel Essays: Roman Remains, Mediaeval Buildings and Ruins, Other Places; sorted by country
Roman Times
Romans in Germania
The Romans at War
Different Frontiers, Yet Alike
Exercise Halls
Mile Castles and Watch Towers, 1
Watch Towers, 2
Reconstructed Fort Walls
Soldiers' Living Quarters
Roman Armour
Early Imperial Helmets
Further Development of Roman Helmets
The Negau B Helmet
Roman Cavalry
Living Quarters of the Cavalry
Roman Saddles
Roman Ships
Transport Barges
More About Roman Supply Transport
Roman Weapons
The pilum
Roman Daggers
Life and Religion
Roman Religion
The Temple of Isis in Mainz
Finds in the Isis Temple
Mithraeum at Brocolita
Mithras Altars
Mithras' Helpers
Roman Life
Bathing Habits
Children's Toys
Face Pots
Styli and Wax Tablets
A Roman Memorial Stone
Silver Treasure of Kaiseraugst
Romans in Germania
The Limes and its Forts
Limes Fort Osterburken
The Discovery
The Cohort castellum
The Annex Fort
The Garrisons
Limes Fort Saalburg
Main Gate
Shrine of the Standards
The Walls
The vicus
Saalburg Museum: Weapons
Romans in Bavaria
Overview: Aalen, Weissenburg, Regensburg
The Fort in Aalen - Barracks
Romans at Lippe and Ems
Anniversary Exhibitions in Haltern am See
Varus Statue, Haltern am See
Romans at the Rhine
Boppard - A 4th Century Roman Fort
Villa Rustica Wachenheim
Wachenheim Villa, Baths and Toilets
Wachenheim Villa, Cellar
Romans at the Weser - Hedemünden
Stone Foundations
Weapon Finds
New Finds in 2008
Teutoburg Forest / Kalkriese
Museum Park at Kalkriese
German Wall
The Battlefield of Kalefeld
Roman Towns
Augusta Treverorum (Trier)
The Amphitheatre
The Aula Palatina
The Imperial Baths - Roman Times
The Imperial Baths - Post Roman
Porta Nigra - Roman Times
The Roman Bridge
Colonia Ulpia Traiana (Xanten)
History of the Town
The Amphitheatre in Birten
Moguntiacum (Mainz)
The Temple of Isis and Mater Magna
Romans in Britannia
Frontiers, Fortifications, Forts
The Hadrian's Wall
Introduction / Photo Collection
Fort Baths
Fort Headquarters
Building the Wall
The Wall as Defense Line
Wall Forts - Banna (Birdoswald)
The Dark Age Timber Halls
Wall Forts - Cilurnum (Chesters) Hypocaust Heating
Wall Forts - Segedunum (Wallsend)
The Museum
The Viewing Tower
The Baths
Signal Stations
The Signal Station at Scarborough
Roman Towns
Eboracum (York)
Bath in the Fortress
Multiangular Tower
Romans in Wales
The Forts in Wales
Roman Forts - Isca (Caerleon)
The Amphitheatre
The Baths in the Legionary Fort
Mediaeval Times
Living Mediaeval
Dungeons and Oubliettes
Pit House (Grubenhaus)
Medical Instruments
Mediaeval Art
The Choir Screen in the Cathedral of Mainz
The Gospels of Heinrich the Lion
Mediaeval Monsters
More Monster Carvings
The Viking Treasure from Hiddensee - The Historical Context
The Viking Treasure from Hiddensee - The Craftmanship
Mediaeval Weapons
Renfairs and Reenactment
Bathing Habits - Roman and Mediaeval
Birds of Prey and Combat Scenes
Mediaeval Places in Germany
Medieaval Braunschweig, Introduction
Lion Benches in the Castle Square
The Quadriga
Town Portrait
Botanical Garden
Magdeburg Cathedral
St.Mary's Abbey - An Austere Archbishop
St.Mary's Abbey - Reformation to Reunion
Town Portrait
Town Portrait
The Chapter Church
Chapter Church - Romanesque Friezes
The Cathedral: Architectural History
The Cathedral: Its Role in History
Jewish Ritual Bath
Town Portrait
The Gothic House
Towns of the Hanseatic League
St. Mary's Church, Introduction
The Harbour
The Old Harbour
Border Castles
Reichenbach Castle
Castles in Bavaria
Coburg Fortress
The History of the Fortress
The Architecture
Castles near Göttingen
Adelebsen / Hardeg
The Keep of Adelebsen Castle
The Great Hall of Hardeg Castle
Rise and Fall of the Counts of Winzenburg
The Lords of Plesse
Architecture / Decline and Rediscovery
Castles in the Harz
The Architecture
Power Base of the Thuringian Landgraves
The Marshals of Ebersburg
The Harzburg and Otto IV
Origins of the Counts of Hohnstein
The Family Between Welfen and Staufen
A Time of Feuds (14th-15th century)
The Time of Henry the Lion
Castles in Hessia
Rise of the Counts of Everstein
Troubled Times
War and Decline
The History of the Castle
The Architecture
The Castle After the Restoration
Castles in the Solling
Salzderhelden - A Welfen Seat
Castles in Thuringia
The Double Castle
Role of the Castle in Thuringian History
Otto of Northeim
Heinrich the Lion and Otto IV
The Next Generations
A Virtual Tour
Castles at the Weser
River Reivers
History and Architecture
Outbuilding 'Shepherd's Barn'
The Castle and its History
Views from the Keep
Sababurg / Trendelburg
Two Fairy Tale Castles
Churches and Cathedrals
Churches in the Harz
Steinkirche near Scharzfeld
Development of the Cave Church
Walkenried Monastery
From Monastery to Museum
Churches in Lower Saxony
Exterior Decorations
Nunnery and Ducal Burial
Churches in Thuringia
Göllingen Monastery
Traces of Byzantine Architecture
Churches at the Weser
Bursfelde Abbey
A First Glimpse
Fredelsloh Chapter Church
History and Architecture
Remains of the Monastery
Lippoldsberg Abbey
The Crypt
Outside Views
Reconstructed Sites
Palatine Seat Tilleda
The Defenses
Slavic Open Air Museum Gross-Raden
Viking Settlement Haithabu
Haithabu and the Archaeological Museum Schleswig
The Nydam Ship
Other Mediaeval Buildings
Cloisters in German Abbeys
Lorsch, Gate Hall
Palatine Seat and Monastery Pöhlde
Miscellanea - Along Weser and Werra
Bad Karlshafen
Half Timbered Houses (Uslar)
Treffurt - A Walk Through the Town
Weser Ferry
Weser Skywalk
Autumn at the Weser
Autumn Impressions from the Werra
Mediaeval Places in the Baltic States and Poland
Tallinn, Riga, Gdansk, Marienburg
Mediaeval Places in England
A Walk Through the Town
Old Gaol
Clifford Tower 1
Clifford Tower 2
Guild Hall
Monk Bar Gate
Monk Bar Gate, Interior
Museum Gardens
Old Town
Along the Ouse River
Castles in Cumbria
Henry II and William
The Edwards
Castles in Northumbria
Malcolm III and the First Battle of Alnwick
Churches and Cathedrals
Hexham Abbey
Hexham Abbey
York Minster
York Minster, History
York Minster, Interior
York Minster, Outside Views
Mediaeval Places in Flanders
The Old Town
A Virtual Tour though Mediaeval Ghent
Mediaeval Places in Scandinavia
Overview - The Baltic Sea Shores
Visby, Stockholm, Helsinki
Castles and Fortresses
Defense over the Centuries
Akershus Fortress 1: Middle Ages
Akershus Fortress 2: Architectural Evolutions
Vardøhus Fortress
Mediaeval Places in Scotland
Views from the Castle
The Wallace Monument
Central Scotland
A Virtual Tour
History: The Early Stewart Kings
History: Royal Dower House, and Decline
Robert the Bruce and Stirling Castle
West Coast Castles
Dunollie and Kilchurn
Castles Seen from Afar
Guarding the Sound of Mull
An Ancient MacDougall Stronghold
The Wars of Independence
The Campbells Are Coming
Dunstaffnage Chapel
Abbeys and Churches
Inchcolm Abbey
Arriving at Inchcolm
Other Historical Sites
Picts and Dalriatans
Dunadd Hill Fort
Mediaeval Places in Wales
Walks in Welsh Towns
Caerleon, The Ffwrwm
The Smallest House in Great Britain
Edwardian Castles
The Historical Context
The Architecture
Master James of St.George
The Castle Kitchens
The History of the Castle
The Architecture
Norman Castles
History: Beginnings unto Bigod
History: From Edward II to the Tudors
History: Civil War, Restoration, and Aftermath
The Pleasantest Spot in Wales
Pembroke Pictures
The Caves Under the Castle
Welsh Castles
Llywelyn's Buildings
King Edward's Buildings
Other Times
Ages of Stone and Bronze
Development of Civilization
European Bread Museum, Ebergötzen
Open Air Museum Oerlinghausen
Paleolithic Times
Paleolithic Cave 'Steinkirche' in the Harz mountains
Neolithicum and Bronze Age
Neolithic Burials in the Everstorp Forest
Neolithic Orkney
Ring of Brodgar 1
Ring of Brodgar 2
Neolithic Ship Settings
Ship Settings on Gotland / Sweden
Thirty Years of War
The Vasa Museum in Stockholm
The Splendour of St.Petersburg
Isaac's Cathedral
Smolny Cathedral
Views of the Neva 1
Views of the Neva 2
Tourist Kitsch
Steampunk and Beyond
Fram Museum, Oslo, Part 1
Fram Museum Oslo, Part 2
Historical Guns
Raising a Wreck, Now and Then - The Vasa Museum
Vintage Car Museum, Wolfsburg
LOCI AMOENIBeautiful Germany
The Baltic Sea Coast
Bay of Wismar, Hiddensee, Wakenitz-Canal
The Flensburg Firth
Harz National Park
Bode Valley, Rosstrappe and Devil's Wall
Caves in the Huy Mountain
Oderteich Reservoir 1
Oderteich Reservoir 2
Rock Formations / Karst Landscape
Views from Harz mountains
Nature Park Meissner-Kaufunger Wald
Devil's Valley, Kitzkammer, Sea Stones
Heldrastein Cliffs 'Hessian Switzerland'
Karst Dolines and Kalbe Lake
Nature Park Solling-Vogler
The Hutewald Forest
The Raised Bog Mecklenbruch
The Bog in Autumn
Rivers and Lakes
The Danube in Spring
Edersee Reservoir 1
Edersee Reservoir 2
A Rainy Rhine Cruise
Ships on the Rhine
Vineyards in the Rhine Valley
Vineyards at Saale and Unstrut
Autumn at the Weser
Woods near the Weser
Parks and Palaces
Spa Gardens in Braunlage
Botanical Garden Göttingen 1
Botanical Garden Göttingen 2
Forest Botanical Garden, Göttingen
Hardenberg Castle Gardens
Junkerberg Cemetary (Göttingen)
Wilhelmsthal Gardens
Wilhemsthal Palace
Seasons and More
Seasonal Impressions - Spring
Spring on my Balcony
Spring Impressions from the Danube
Spring at the Kiessee Lake
Spring in the Rossbach Heath
Seasonal Impressions - Summer
Memories of Summer
Summer in the Harz
Summer Hiking Tours 2016
Summer Thunderstorms
Seasonal Impressions - Autumn
Autumn in Göttingen
Autumnal Views from Castle Windows
Harz and Werra
Lake at Oberderdorla / Hainich National Park
Autumn in the Meissner Mountains
Seasonal Impressions - Winter
Advent Impressions
Winter at the Kiessee Lake
Winter Wonderland
Winter 2010
Birds at the Feeder
Harz Falcon Park
Ozeaneum Stralsund: The Baltic Sea Life
Ozeaneum Stralsund: The North Sea Life
Alien Architecture
Carved Monsters in Cathedrals
Odd Angles
Spectacular Sunset
View from my Balcony
Wood Carvings
Photo Series of Castles and Churches
Castles and Churches in Bavaria (Photo Posts)
Castles: Altenburg, Coburg, Donaustauf, Nuremberg
Churches: Bamberg, Nuremberg, Regensburg
Town Views: Bamberg, Nuremberg, Regensburg, Weissenburg
Castles and Churches in the Harz Mountains (Photo Posts)
Arnstein, Falkenstein, Regenstein
Gandersheim Chapter, Hohnstein and Ebersburg Castle
Gernrode Chapter, Quedlinburg Cathedral
Halberstadt, Lauenburg, Westernburg
Harzburg and the Ilsetal
Castles and Churches in Northern Germany (Photo Posts)
Lübeck, Schleswig, Wismar
Lübeck, Lüneburg, Ratzeburg, Schwerin, Stralsund
Castles and Churches in Saxony-Anhalt (Photo Posts)
Eckhardsberg, Neuenburg, Querfurt, Rudelsburg
Memleben, Naumburg, Schulpforta
Castles and Churches in Thuringia
(Photo Posts)
Funkenburg, Runneburg
Castles and Churches in Westphalia
(Photo Posts)
Falkenburg, Iburg, Dringenberg, Externsteine
Mixed Booty (Photo Posts)
Gelnhausen, Glauberg, Salzwedel, Arendsee
Local Castles: Altenstein, Grebenstein, Greene, Sachsenburg, Scharfenstein, Tannenburg
Across the Channel - United Kingdom
Crossing the North Sea
Crossing the North Sea
Leaving Newcastle
Beaches in Britain
Some Photos from the East Coast
Mountains and Valleys
Sheep Grazing Among Roman Remains
A Ghost Cruise on the Ouse River
Scottish Sea Shores
Crossing to Mull
Mull - Craignure to Fionnphort
Pentland Firth
Summer Days in Oban
Summer Nights in Oban
Sunset in Oban
West Highland Railway
Wild Wales
Some Landscape and Castle Photos
Mountains at Dolwyddelan Castle
Views from Castle Battlements
Caernarfon Yacht Harbour
Sea Gulls
Photo Series of Castles and Abbeys
Alnwick, Dunstanburgh, Scarborough
Bamburgh, Richmond, Warkworth
Lindisfarne, Rievaulx, Ripon, Whitby
Dunottar, Urquhart
Dunfermline, Dunkeld, Doune, Edinburgh, Inchcolm, Linlithgow, Stirling
Duart, Dunadd, Dunstaffnage, Iona, Inveraray, Tynemouth
Chepstow, Conwy, Criccieth, Dolwydellan
Beaumaris, Caerphilly, Caernarfon, Pembroke
Hazy Views with Castles
Shadows and Strongholds
Neolithic and Pictish Remains on Orkney
Shores of History - The Baltic Sea
Gotland, Helsinki, Stockholm, St.Petersburg
Curonian Spit, Gdansk, Riga, Tallinn
Coasts and Beaches
The Curonian Spit
Rivers and Harbours
St.Petersburg - Views of the Neva 1
St. Petersburg - Views of the Neva 2
Ship Settings on Gotland
Land of Light and Darkness - Norway
The Hurtigruten-Tour
Along the Coast of Norway - Light and Darkness
Along the Coast - North of the Polar Cicrle 1
Along the Coast - North of the Polar Circle 2
A Voyage into Winter
Culture and Nature in Norway
The Farthest North
Winter in Norway
Bearded Seals
Dog Sledding With Huskies
Eagles and Gulls in the Trollfjord
Winter in the Mountains
HISTORIARoman History
Traces of the Pre-Varus Conquest
Roman Camp Hedemünden
New Finds in 2008
Battlefields - Kalkriese / Varus Battle
Museum Park at Kalkriese
Battlefields - Kalefeld / Harzhorn
Battlefield of Kalefeld
Romans at the Rhine
The Batavian Rebellion
Roman Transport
Along the Limes
Limes Fort Osterburken
Limes Fort Saalburg
Villa Rustica Wachenheim
Roman Frontiers in Britain
Antonine Wall: World Heritage
Hadrian's Wall: Introduction
Roman Life and Religion
The Mithras Cult
Isis Worship (guest post by S. Dray)
Miscellaneous Essays About Roman History
Legend of Alaric's Burial
Roman Water Supply
Mediaeval History
Feudalism, Beginnings
Feudalism, 10th Century
The Privilege of the deditio
A Note on handgenginn maðr
The Hanseatic League
Introduction and Beginnings
Stockfish Trade
Mediaeval History - Germany
German Kings and Emperors
List of Medieaval German Emperors
King Heinrich IV
Emperor Otto IV, Introduction
Otto IV and Bishop Adalbert II of Magdeburg
German Princes
Otto the Quarrelsome of Braunschweig-Göttingen
The Dukes of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen
Otto of Northeim
The Ludowing Landgraves of Thuringia
Albrecht II and Friedrich I of Thuringia
Counts and Castles and Local Lords
The Counts of Everstein
The Counts of Hohnstein
The Lords of Plesse
The Counts of Reichenbach
The Counts of Winzenburg
Anglo-German Marriage Connections
Heinrich the Lion's Ancestors
Famous Feuds
The Lüneburg Succession War
Mediaeval History - Scotland
Scottish Kings
Malcolm III and Northumbria
Struggle for the Throne: Malcolm III to David I
King David and the Civil War (1)
King David and the Civil War (2)
Robert the Bruce and Stirling Castle
The Early Stewart Kings
Clan Feuds
MacLeans and MacDonalds
A Scottish Wedding
Mediaeval History - Wales
The Princes of Gwynedd
The Rise of House Aberffraw
The Rebellions
From Llywellyn ap Gruffudd to Owain Glyn Dŵr
Scandinavian History
Kings of Norway
King Eirik's Scottish Marriages
Fram Expedition to the North Pole
Fram Expedition to the South Pole
Maria Padilla - Mistress Royal
The Siege of Calais in Donizetti's Opera
Otto von Guericke
LITERATURA ET SCRIPTURATranslations
Poems - Theodor Fontane
Archibald Douglas
Gorm Grymme
Sir Walter Scott in Abbotsford
The Tragedy of Afghanistan
Poems - Theodor Storm
From Heaven into Valleys Deep
The Grey Town By the Sea
The Seagull Flies Ashore Now
Other German Poems
Kästner, Progress of Mankind
Hebbel, Summer Picture
Rainer Maria Rilke, Autumn Day
Poems - Other Languages
Ausonius, Mosella (excerpts)
Mediaeval Literature
From History to Legend (Roland Mythos)
The Karlamagnús Saga
The Karlamagnus saga as Translation
Analysing Chansons de Geste
The Egidius-Legend
Ganelon's Wrath
A Most Unusual Pilgrimage
The Voyage de Charlemagne
German Literature
Felix Dahn: A Struggle for Rome
Guenter Grass: Crabwalk
Marcel Reich Ranicki: The Author of Himself
English Novels
Bernard Cornwell: Warlord Chronicles
My Writings
Short Stories
I Was King
The Sacrifice
Only a Gentle Breeze (Humour)
Novels in Progress / Planning
Roman Series
A Land Unconquered
Eagle of the Sea
Beyond Dark Mountains
Never To Return
Middle Ages
The Saga of House Sichelstein
Historical Fantasy
Kings and Rebels
GEOLOGIAGeological Landscapes
The Baltic Sea
Geology of the Curonian Spit
The Harz
Karst Landscape in the Harz
Karst Landscape - Lonau Falls
Karst Landscape - Rhume Springs
Meissner-Kaufunger Wald
Basalt and Sandstone - The Blue Dome near Eschwege
Diabase and Basalt Formations
Heldrastein Cliffs Karst Formations
Raised Bogs
Red Sandstone: The Hannover Cliffs
The Shores of Scotland
DELECTATIONot So Serious Romans
Aelius Rufus Visits the Future Series
Building Hadrian's Wall
Playmobil Romans
Royal (Hi)Stories
Kings Having a Bad Hair Day
The Case of the Vanished Wine Cask
Historical Memes
Charlemagne meme
Historical Christmas Wishes
New Year Resolutions
Aelius Rufus does a Meme
Rules for Writing Scottish Romances
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Web Stories
13 South Asian dance teams to compete
Saturday, April 19, 2008, 8 p.m. · Richardson Auditorium, Alexander Hall
Posted April 14, 2008; 11:16 p.m.
The inaugural South Asian Dance Dimensions Competition will take place at 8 p.m. Saturday, April 19, in Richardson Auditorium, Alexander Hall.
Hosted by the South Asian Students Association, the event will feature a performance by Princeton Bhangra, in addition to the competition featuring 13 bhangra and fusion teams from across the nation. A panel of judges will award more than $4,000 in prize money to winning teams. All proceeds from the event will go to charity.
Modern bhangra is a dance style that originated from folk dance in the Northern Indian state of Punjab and has increasingly become an amalgam of traditional Indian roots with elements of hip-hop and pop. South Asian fusion is a dance style that blends bhangra, raas/garba and "Bollywood" styles with hip-hop, rhythm and blues, and reggae.
The event is open to the public, and tickets can be purchased in advance for $20 online through University Ticketing or at the Frist Campus Center box office. Tickets also can be purchased at the door for $25.


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United Arab Emirates Population: 5,473,9721 VISITOR FROM HERE!
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
|The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. Its high oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed the UAE to play a vital role in the affairs of the region. For more than three decades, oil and global finance drove the UAE's economy. However, in 2008-09, the confluence of falling oil prices, collapsing real estate prices, and the international banking crisis hit the UAE especially hard. The UAE has essentially avoided the "Arab Spring" unrest seen elsewhere in the Middle East, though in March 2011, political activists and intellectuals signed a petition calling for greater public participation in governance that was widely circulated on the Internet. In an effort to stem potential further unrest, the government announced a multi-year, $1.6-billion infrastructure investment plan for the poorer northern Emirates.
Strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil
|Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 83,600 sq km
land: 83,600 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: slightly smaller than Maine
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 867 km
border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km
|1,318 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
|desert; cooler in eastern mountains
|flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m
|Natural resources:
|petroleum, natural gas
|Land use:
| arable land: 0.61%
permanent crops: 0.5%
other: 98.9% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|920 sq km (2010)
|Natural hazards:
|frequent sand and dust storms
|Current Environment Issues:
|lack of natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
|^Back to Top
| noun: Emirati(s)
adjective: Emirati
|Ethnic groups:
|Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982) note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
|Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
|Muslim (Islam - official) 96% (Shia 16%), other (includes Christian, Hindu) 4%
|5,473,972 (July 2013 est.) note: estimate is based on the results of the 2005 census that included a significantly higher estimate of net immigration of non-citizens than previous estimates
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 20.6% (male 577,599/female 551,346)
15-24 years: 13.8% (male 449,258/female 306,410)
25-54 years: 61.5% (male 2,570,054/female 798,070)
55-64 years: 3.1% (male 127,569/female 40,996)
65 years and over: 1% (male 33,481/female 19,189) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 18.6 %
youth dependency ratio: 18.1 %
elderly dependency ratio: 0.5 %
potential support ratio: 201.7 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 30.3 years
male: 32 years
female: 25 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|2.87% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|15.65 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|2.01 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|15.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 84.4% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 2.52% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|ABU DHABI (capital) 666,000 (2009)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.46 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 3.23 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 3.19 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.77 male(s)/female
total population: 2.19 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 11.25 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 76.91 years
male: 74.31 years
female: 79.63 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|2.37 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|27.5% (1995)
|Health expenditures:
|3.7% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|1.93 physicians/1,000 population (2007)
|Hospital bed density:
|1.9 beds/1,000 population (2008)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 98% of population
rural: 95% of population
total: 98% of population
urban: 2% of population
rural: 5% of population
total: 2% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.2% (2001 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|32.7% (2008)
|Education expenditures:
|1.1% of GDP (2004)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90%
male: 89.5%
female: 91.5% (2005 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2009)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 12.1%
male: 7.9%
female: 21.8% (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: United Arab Emirates
conventional short form: none
local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah
local short form: none
former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States
abbreviation: UAE
|Government type:
|federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates
| name: Abu Dhabi
geographic coordinates: 24 28 N, 54 22 E
time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn
|2 December 1971 (from the UK)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 2 December (1971)
|2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996
|Legal system:
|mixed legal system of Islamic law and civil law
|limited; note - rulers of the seven Emirates each select a proportion of voters for the Federal National Council (FNC) that together account for about 12 percent of the native Emirati population
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004); Vice President and Prime Minister MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID Al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006)
head of government: Prime Minister and Vice President MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID Al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers SAIF bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 11 May 2009) and MANSUR bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 11 May 2009)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power
elections: president and vice president elected by the FSC for five-year terms (no term limits) from among the seven FSC members; election last held 3 November 2004 upon the death of the UAE's Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (next election NA); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president
election results: KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan elected president by a unanimous vote of the FSC; MUHAMMAD bin Rashid Al-Maktum unanimously affirmed vice president after the 2006 death of his brother Sheikh MAKTUM bin Rashid Al-Maktum
|Legislative branch:
| unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; 20 members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states, 20 members elected to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 24 September 2011 (next to be held in 2015); note - the electoral college was expanded from 6,689 voters in the December 2006 election to 129,274 in the September 2011 election; elections for candidates rather than party lists; 469 candidates including 85 women ran for 20 contested FNC seats
election results: elected seats by emirate - Abu Dhabi 4, Dubai 4, Sharjah 3, Ras al-Khaimah 3, Ajman 2, Fujairah 2, Umm al-Quwain 2; note - number of appointed seats for each emirate are same as elected seats
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 4 judges) judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the federal president following approval by the Federal Supreme Council, which includes the rulers of the 7 emirates; judge term NA
subordinate courts: Federal Court of Cassation (determines the constitutionality of laws promulgated at the federal and local (emirate) levels; federal level courts of first instance and appeals courts; each emirate has its own court system
|Political parties and leaders:
|none; political parties are not allowed
|International organization participation:
|ABEDA, AfDB (nonregional member), AFESD, AMF, BIS, CAEU, CICA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|golden falcon
|National anthem:
| name: "Nashid al-watani al-imarati" (National Anthem of the UAE)
lyrics/music: AREF Al Sheikh Abdullah Al Hassan/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB
note: music adopted 1971, lyrics adopted 1996; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of Tunisia
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Yusif bin Mani bin Said al-UTAYBA
chancery: 3522 International Court NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Michael H. CORBIN
embassy: Embassies District, Plot 38 Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi
mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi
telephone: [971] (2) 414-2200
consulate(s) general: Dubai
|^Back to Top
The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP based on oil and gas output to 25%. Since the discovery of oil in the UAE more than 30 years ago, the country has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. In April 2004, the UAE signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement with Washington and in November 2004 agreed to undertake negotiations toward a Free Trade Agreement with the US; however, those talks have not moved forward. The country's Free Trade Zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors. The global financial crisis, tight international credit, and deflated asset prices constricted the economy in 2009. UAE authorities tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency. The UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi-based banks bought the largest shares. In December 2009 Dubai received an additional $10 billion loan from the emirate of Abu Dhabi. Dependence on oil, a large expatriate workforce, and growing inflation pressures are significant long-term challenges. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years focuses on diversification and creating more opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private sector employment.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $275.8 billion (2012 est.) $265.4 billion (2011 est.) $252.3 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $358.9 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|3.9% (2012 est.) 5.2% (2011 est.) 1.3% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $49,800 (2012 est.) $49,400 (2011 est.) $48,400 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|37% of GDP (2012 est.) 37.4% of GDP (2011 est.) 32.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 50.5%
government consumption: 7.1%
investment in fixed capital: 29%
investment in inventories: 0.9%
exports of goods and services: 86.6%
imports of goods and services: -74.1% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 50.5%
government consumption: 7.1%
investment in fixed capital: 29%
investment in inventories: 0.9%
exports of goods and services: 86.6%
imports of goods and services: -74.1% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish
|petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles
|Industrial production growth rate:
|4.2% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|4.337 million note: expatriates account for about 85% of the work force (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 7%
industry: 15%
services: 78% (2000 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|2.4% (2001)
|Population below poverty line:
|19.5% (2003)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
| revenues: $130.3 billion
expenditures: $114.2 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|36.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|43.3% of GDP (2012 est.) 46.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.7% (2012 est.) 0.9% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|$26.76 billion (2012 est.) $30.65 billion (2011 est.)
|$300.9 billion (2012 est.) $281.6 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
|Exports - partners:
|Japan 15.6%, India 13.4%, Iran 10.5%, Thailand 5.6%, Singapore 5.5%, South Korea 5.3% (2012)
|$220.3 billion (2012 est.) $202.1 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
|Imports - partners:
|India 17%, China 13.8%, US 10.5%, Germany 5.2%, Japan 4.2% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$42.97 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $37.27 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$163.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $159.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$91.56 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $83.36 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$58.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $55.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$93.77 billion (31 December 2011) $104.7 billion (31 December 2010) $109.6 billion (31 December 2009)
|Exchange rates:
|Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar - 3.673 (2012 est.) 3.673 (2011 est.) 3.6725 (2010 est.) 3.673 (2009) 3.6725 (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|83.31 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 37
|Electricity - consumption:
|74.12 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|23.25 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|3.087 million bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|2.036 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|97.8 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|346,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|572,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|452,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|377,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|51.28 billion cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|60.54 billion cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|7.65 billion cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|16.91 billion cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|6.089 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|199.4 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 1.825 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 61
|Cellular Phones in use:
|11.727 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai
domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber optic and coaxial cable
international: country code - 971; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia (2011)
|Broadcast media:
|except for the many organizations now operating in Dubai's Media Free Zone, most TV and radio stations remain government-owned; widespread use of satellite dishes provides access to pan-Arab and other international broadcasts (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|337,804 (2012)
|Internet users:
|3.449 million (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 43 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 100
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 25
over 3,047 m: 12
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 2 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 18
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 6 (2013)
|5 (2013)
|condensate 533 km; gas 3,277 km; liquid petroleum gas 300 km; oil 3,287 km; oil/gas/water 24 km; refined products 218 km; water 99 km (2013)
| total 4,080 km
paved: 4,080 km (includes 253 km of expressways) (2008)
|Merchant marine:
| total 61
by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 13, chemical tanker 8, container 7, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 24, roll on/roll off 4
foreign-owned: 13 (Greece 3, Kuwait 10)
registered in other countries: 253 (Bahamas 23, Barbados 1, Belize 3, Cambodia 2, Comoros 8, Cyprus 3, Georgia 2, Gibraltar 5, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 1, India 4, Iran 2, Jordan 2, Liberia 37, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 12, Mexico 1, Netherlands 4, North Korea 2, Panama 83, Papua New Guinea 6, Philippines 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 8, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Saudi Arabia 6, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 10, Tanzania 3, Togo 1, UK 8, Vanuatu 1, unknown 8) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|Al Fujayrah, Mina' Jabal 'Ali (Dubai), Khor Fakkan (Khawr Fakkan), Mubarraz Island, Mina' Rashid (Dubai), Mina' Saqr (Ra's al Khaymah)
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|United Arab Emirates Armed Forces: Critical Infrastructure Coastal Patrol Agency (CNIA), Land Forces, Navy, Air Force and Air Defense, Border and Coast Guard Directorate (BCGD) (2012)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age for voluntary military service; 18 years of age for officers and women; no conscription; 16-22 years of age for candidates for the UAE Naval College (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 2,676,928 (includes non-nationals)
females age 16-49: 981,649 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 2,229,366
females age 16-49: 842,759 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 27,439
female: 24,419 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|6.4% of GDP (2012)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and detailed maps showing the alignment have not been published; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which Iran occupies
|Illicit drugs:
|the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to Southwest Asian drug-producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls improving, but informal banking remains unregulated
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Carol LindstromBellevue, Neb.Carol's "Angel Project" is bringing support group services to underserved patients in Nebraska and western Iowa by starting "mini groups" in those areas and providing recordings of speakers from larger meetings.
Donna CateriniHarrisburg, Penn.Donna's "Huff and Puff" poster, featuring the Big Bad Wolf, has been provided to support group leaders across the country to help raise awareness of pulmonary hypertension and make their communities aware of their local group. Read more
Kathy Dee GroebnerClayton, Calif.Kathy's "PHurry Phriends" are teaching others what life is like with PH and a pump. Kathy brings adorable stuffed bears wearing packs to events as an educational tool and provides children with PH with colorful and fun backpacks for their pumps. Read more
Elzarie DevenishBloemfontein, South AfricaElzarie organized a PH Retreat in South Africa in late October 2010 to bring together patients and PH-treating specialists for a weekend of education and to serve as a launch pad for establishing a support group for patients. Read more
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text:
Cote d'Ivoire
Africa :: Cote d'Ivoire
Close ties to France following independence in 1960, the development of cocoa production for export, and foreign investment all made Cote d'Ivoire one of the most prosperous of the West African states but did not protect it from political turmoil. In December 1999, a military coup - the first ever in Cote d'Ivoire's history - overthrew the government. Junta leader Robert GUEI blatantly rigged elections held in late 2000 and declared himself the winner. Popular protest forced him to step aside and brought Laurent GBAGBO into power. Ivorian dissidents and disaffected members of the military launched a failed coup attempt in September 2002 that developed into a rebellion and then a civil war. The war ended in 2003 with a cease fire that left the country divided with the rebels holding the north, the government the south, and peacekeeping forces a buffer zone between the two. In March 2007, President GBAGBO and former New Forces rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister and the two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections. Difficulties in preparing electoral registers delayed balloting until 2010. In November 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election over GBAGBO, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in a five-month stand-off. In April 2011, after widespread fighting, GBAGBO was formally forced from office by armed OUATTARA supporters with the help of UN and French forces. Several thousand UN peacekeepers and several hundred French troops remain in Cote d'Ivoire to support the transition process. OUATTARA is focused on rebuilding the country's infrastructure and military after the five months of post-electoral fighting and faces ongoing threats from GBAGBO supporters, many of whom have sought shelter in Ghana. GBAGBO is in The Hague awaiting trial for crimes against humanity.
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia
Geographic coordinates:
Map references:
Total: 322,463 sq km
Country comparison to the world: 69
Land: 318,003 sq km
Water: 4,460 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly larger than New Mexico
Land boundaries:
Total: 3,110 km
Border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km
515 km
Maritime claims:
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: 200 nm
tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest
Elevation extremes:
Lowest point: Gulf of Guinea 0 m
Highest point: Monts Nimba 1,752 m
Natural resources:
petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower
Land use:
Arable land: 8.99%
Permanent crops: 13.65%
Other: 77.36% (2011)
Irrigated land:
727.5 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
81.14 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Total: 1.55 cu km/yr (41%/21%/38%)
Per capita: 83.07 cu m/yr (2008)
Natural hazards:
coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible
Environment - current issues:
deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents
Environment - international agreements:
Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated
People and Society
Noun: Ivoirian(s)
Adjective: Ivoirian
Ethnic groups:
Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes 16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)
French (official), 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken
Muslim 38.6%, Christian 32.8%, indigenous 11.9%, none 16.7% (2008 est.)
note: the majority of foreigners (migratory workers) are Muslim (70%) and Christian (20%)
22,400,835 (July 2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 54
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
Age structure:
0-14 years: 38.9% (male 4,393,005/female 4,319,967)
15-24 years: 21% (male 2,372,125/female 2,336,657)
25-54 years: 32.5% (male 3,737,464/female 3,549,600)
55-64 years: 4.4% (male 490,420/female 489,471)
65 years and over: 3.2% (male 347,211/female 364,915) (2013 est.)
Dependency ratios:
Total dependency ratio: 80.2 %
Youth dependency ratio: 74.5 %
Elderly dependency ratio: 5.7 %
Potential support ratio: 17.5 (2013)
Median age:
Total: 20 years
Male: 20.1 years
Female: 19.9 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
2% (2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 52
Birth rate:
29.83 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 45
Death rate:
9.8 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 54
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 89
Urban population: 51.3% of total population (2011)
Rate of urbanization: 3.56% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
ABIDJAN (seat of government) 4.288 million; YAMOUSSOUKRO (capital) 966,000 (2011)
Sex ratio:
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
note: Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2005 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
400 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
Country comparison to the world: 27
Infant mortality rate:
Total: 61.66 deaths/1,000 live births
Country comparison to the world: 23
Male: 68.06 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 55.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Total population: 57.66 years
Country comparison to the world: 198
Male: 56.57 years
Female: 58.78 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
3.73 children born/woman (2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 44
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
18.2% (2012)
Health expenditures:
5.3% of GDP (2010)
Country comparison to the world: 126
Physicians density:
0.14 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
Hospital bed density:
0.4 beds/1,000 population (2006)
Drinking water source:
urban: 91% of population
rural: 68% of population
total: 80% of population
urban: 9% of population
rural: 32% of population
total: 20% of population (2010 est.)
Sanitation facility access:
urban: 36% of population
rural: 11% of population
total: 24% of population
urban: 64% of population
rural: 89% of population
total: 76% of population (2010 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
3.4% (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 19
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
450,000 (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 16
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
36,000 (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 12
Major infectious diseases:
Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis
Animal contact disease: rabies
Respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
6.2% (2008)
Country comparison to the world: 149
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
29.4% (2007)
Country comparison to the world: 16
Education expenditures:
4.6% of GDP (2008)
Country comparison to the world: 90
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 56.9%
Male: 65.6%
Female: 47.6% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Total: 6 years
Male: 8 years
Female: 5 years (2000)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Total number: 1,796,802
Percentage: 35 % (2006 est.)
Country name:
Conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire
Conventional short form: Cote d'Ivoire
Local long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoire
Local short form: Cote d'Ivoire
note: pronounced coat-div-whar
Former: Ivory Coast
Government type:
republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960
Name: Yamoussoukro
Geographic coordinates: 6 49 N, 5 16 W
Time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: although Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983, Abidjan remains the commercial and administrative center; the US, like other countries, maintains its Embassy in Abidjan
Administrative divisions:
19 regions; Agneby, Bafing, Bas-Sassandra, Denguele, Dix-Huit Montagnes, Fromager, Haut-Sassandra, Lacs, Lagunes, Marahoue, Moyen-Cavally, Moyen-Comoe, N'zi-Comoe, Savanes, Sud-Bandama, Sud-Comoe, Vallee du Bandama, Worodougou, Zanzan
7 August 1960 (from France)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 7 August (1960)
approved by referendum 23 July 2000
Legal system:
civil law system based on the French civil code; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court
International law organization participation:
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction under Article 12(3)of the Rome Statute
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Chief of state: President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 4 December 2010)
Head of government: Prime Minister Daniel Kablan DUNCAN (since 21 November 2012)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
Elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 31 October and 28 November 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president
Election results: Alassane OUATTARA elected president; percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA 54.1%, Laurent GBAGBO 45.9%; note - President OUATTARA was declared winner by the election commission and took the oath of office on 4 December, Prime Minister SORO resigned from the incumbent administration and was subsequently appointed to the same position by OUATTARA; former president GBAGBO refused to cede resulting in a 5-month stand-off, he was finally forced to stand down in April 2011
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (225 seats; members elected in single- and multi-district elections by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections: elections last held on 11 December 2011 (next to be held in 2016)
Election results: percent of vote by party - RDR 42.1%, PDCI 28.6%, UDPCI 3.1%, RDP 1.7%, other 24.5% ; seats by party - RDR 127, PDCI 76, UDPCI 7, RDP 4, other 4, independents 39
Judicial branch:
Highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Judicial, Audit, Constitutional, and Administrative Chambers; consists of the court president, 3 vice-presidents for the Judicial, Audit, and Administrative chambers, and 9 associate justices or magistrates)
note - recommendations for reform of the country's judicial system were announced in April 2012
Judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the Superior Council of the Magistrature, a 7-member body consisting of the national president (chairman), 3 "Bench" judges, and 3 public prosecutors; judges appointed for life
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (organized into civil, criminal, and social chambers); first instance courts; peace courts
Political parties and leaders:
Citizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Theodore MEL EG]
Democratic Liberty for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY]
Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE]
Freedom and Democracy for the Republic or LIBRE [Mamadou KOULIBALY]
Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Miaka OURETO]
Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francois KOUABLAN]
Opposition Movement of the Future or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY]
Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]
Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Toikeuse MABRI]
over 144 smaller registered parties
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Federation of University and High School Students of Cote d'Ivoire or FESCI [Serges KOFFI]
National Congress for the Resistance and Democracy or CNRD [Bernard DADIE]
Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP [Alphonse DJEDJE MADY]
Young Patriots [Charles BLE GOUDE]
International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Chief of mission: Ambassador Daouda DIABATE
Chancery: 2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Telephone: [1] (202) 797-0300
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Chief of mission: Ambassador Philip CARTER III
Embassy: Cocody Riviera Golf 01, Abidjan
Mailing address: B. P. 1712, Abidjan 01
Telephone: [225] 22 49 40 00
National symbol(s):
National anthem:
Name: "L'Abidjanaise" (Song of Abidjan)
note: adopted 1960; although the nation's capital city moved from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro in 1983, the anthem still owes its name to the former capital
Economy - overview:
Cote d'Ivoire is heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, which engage roughly 68% of the population. Cote d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans and a significant producer and exporter of coffee and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products, and, to a lesser extent, in climatic conditions. Cocoa, oil, and coffee are the country's top export revenue earners, but the country is also producing gold. Since the end of the civil war in 2003, political turmoil has continued to damage the economy, resulting in the loss of foreign investment and slow economic growth. In late 2011, Cote d'Ivoire's economy began to recover from a severe downturn of the first quarter of the year that was caused by widespread post-election fighting. In June 2012, the IMF and the World Bank announced $4.4 billion in debt relief for Cote d'Ivoire under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative. Cote d'Ivoire's long-term challenges include political instability and degrading infrastructure.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$41.01 billion (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 103
$37.34 billion (2011 est.)
$39.19 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$24.63 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
9.8% (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 11
-4.7% (2011 est.)
2.4% (2010 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$1,800 (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 196
$1,600 (2011 est.)
$1,800 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP - composition, by end use:
Household consumption: 74.2%
Government consumption: 8.4%
Investment in fixed capital: 15%
Investment in inventories: 0%
Exports of goods and services: 42.1%
Imports of goods and services: -39.6%
(2012 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Agriculture: 26.6%
Industry: 21.8%
Services: 51.5% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm kernels, corn, rice, cassava (manioc), sweet potatoes, sugar, cotton, rubber; timber
foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, gold mining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity
Industrial production growth rate:
10% (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 11
Labor force:
8.188 million (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 59
Labor force - by occupation:
Agriculture: 68%
Industry and services: NA% (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Population below poverty line:
42% (2006 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Lowest 10%: 2.2%
Highest 10%: 31.8% (2008)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
41.5 (2008)
Country comparison to the world: 53
36.7 (1995)
Revenues: $5.002 billion
Expenditures: $6.062 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
20.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 163
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-4.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 154
Public debt:
43.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 79
71.2% of GDP (2011 est.)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1.3% (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 22
5.1% (2011 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
4.25% (31 December 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 84
4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
4% (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 165
4.3% (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
$7.525 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 87
$6.198 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of broad money:
$11.01 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 103
$9.065 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
$6.708 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 111
$5.671 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$6.288 billion (31 December 2011)
Country comparison to the world: 77
$7.099 billion (31 December 2010)
$6.141 billion (31 December 2009)
Current account balance:
-$1.08 billion (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 115
-$257.3 million (2011 est.)
$12.25 billion (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 87
$11.47 billion (2011 est.)
Exports - commodities:
cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish
Exports - partners:
US 10.1%, Netherlands 9%, Germany 8.7%, Nigeria 7.4%, France 5.8%, Canada 4.4% (2012)
$8.589 billion (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 103
$7.916 billion (2011 est.)
Imports - commodities:
fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
Nigeria 18.9%, France 14.8%, China 9.9%, India 5.2% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$3.928 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 101
$4.316 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Debt - external:
$8.145 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 104
$12.01 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Exchange rates:
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
510.29 (2012 est.)
471.87 (2011 est.)
495.28 (2010 est.)
472.19 (2009)
447.81 (2008)
Electricity - production:
5.533 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 115
Electricity - consumption:
3.576 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 128
Electricity - exports:
484 million kWh (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 61
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 200
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
1.222 million kW (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 117
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
50.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 156
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 112
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
49.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 41
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 139
Crude oil - production:
45,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 61
Crude oil - exports:
46,340 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 46
Crude oil - imports:
70,610 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 51
Crude oil - proved reserves:
250 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 58
Refined petroleum products - production:
70,870 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 81
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
24,630 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 124
Refined petroleum products - exports:
49,810 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 57
Refined petroleum products - imports:
3,101 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 166
Natural gas - production:
1.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 60
Natural gas - consumption:
1.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 80
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 119
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 208
Natural gas - proved reserves:
28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 70
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
5.936 million Mt (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 118
Telephones - main lines in use:
268,200 (2011)
Country comparison to the world: 124
Telephones - mobile cellular:
17.344 million (2011)
Country comparison to the world: 52
Telephone system:
General assessment: well-developed by African standards; telecommunications sector privatized in late 1990s and operational fixed-lines have increased since that time with two fixed-line providers operating over open-wire lines, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optics; 90% digitalized
Domestic: with multiple mobile-cellular service providers competing in the market, usage has increased sharply to roughly 80 per 100 persons
International: country code - 225; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2011)
Broadcast media:
2 state-owned TV stations; no private terrestrial TV stations, but satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned radio stations; some private radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)
Internet country code:
Internet hosts:
9,115 (2012)
Country comparison to the world: 137
Internet users:
967,300 (2009)
Country comparison to the world: 103
27 (2013)
Country comparison to the world: 124
Airports - with paved runways:
Total: 7
Over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Total: 20
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 11
Under 914 m:
3 (2013)
1 (2013)
condensate 101 km; gas 256 km; oil 118 km; oil/gas/water 5 km; water 7 km (2013)
Total: 660 km
Country comparison to the world: 104
Narrow gauge: 660 km 1.000-m gauge
note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso (2008)
Total: 81,996 km
Country comparison to the world: 59
Paved: 6,502 km
Unpaved: 75,494 km
note: includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirt roads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads are impassable (2007)
980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons) (2011)
Country comparison to the world: 67
Ports and terminals:
Major seaport(s): Abidjan, San-Pedro
Oil/gas terminal(s): Espoir Offshore Terminal
Military branches:
Republican Forces of Cote d'Ivoire (Force Republiques de Cote d'Ivoire, FRCI): Army, Navy, Cote d'Ivoire Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Cote d'Ivoire)
note: FRCI is the former Armed Forces of the New Forces (FAFN) (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary male and female military service; conscription is not enforced; voluntary recruitment of former rebels into the new national army is restricted to ages 22-29 (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Males age 16-49: 5,247,522
Females age 16-49: 5,047,901 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Males age 16-49: 3,360,087
Females age 16-49: 3,196,033 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Male: 247,011
Female: 242,958 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.5% of GDP (2009)
Country comparison to the world: 103
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international:
disputed maritime border between Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Refugees (country of origin): 9,126 (Liberia) (2012)
IDPs: 40,000 - 80,000 (post-election conflict in 2010-2011, as well as civil war from 2002-2004; most pronounced in western and southwestern regions) (2011)
Stateless persons: 700,000 (2012); note - many Ivoirians have documentation problems; birth on Ivorian soil does not automatically result in citizenship; disputes over citizenship and the associated rights of the large population descended from migrants from neighboring countries is an ongoing source of tension and contributed to the country's 2002 civil war; some observers believe the government's mass naturalizations of thousands of people over the last couple of years is intended to boost its electoral support base
Illicit drugs:
illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local consumption; utility as a narcotic transshipment point to Europe reduced by ongoing political instability; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center (2008)
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire
Flag description:
three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; orange symbolizes the land (savannah) of the north and fertility, white stands for peace and unity, green represents the forests of the south and the hope for a bright future
note: similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France


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The rose is an erect shrub or woody perennial spanning more than 150 different species. More than twenty thousand hybrids exist. Roses can be free standing, trailing, or climbing in nature. Seven distinctive types have been identified including Grandiflora, Hybrid Tea, Tree Roses, Miniature, Climbing, Floribunda, and Shrub & Landscape. The stems of the rose bush are covered with sharp thorns. Growing naturally throughout North America, the rose is a popularly cultivated flower across the United States. Roses require a minimum of six hours of full sun each day as well as regular watering. Aside from that, they are quite easy to grow.
Rose hips and petals are edible. They have been used in medicinal treatments since ancient times. Rose hips are the portions that grow at the base of the rose flower. They are rich in beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin F, bio-flavinoids, and pectin. Therefore, rose hips deliver a powerful antioxidant capability that protects the body and skin from harm. Enhancing the status of the body's immune system, rose hips are often used to improve digestive capabilities, control weight gain, and improve both blood pressure and cholesterol. Rose petal wine has been used to treat heart disease, headaches, fever, and stomach pain.
Both rose waters and oils are used in the formulation of beauty products. In order to obtain rose water and oil, the roses are distilled first. Large quantities of rose petals are needed in order to extract a single drop of oil. Almost 9,000 pounds of roses are needed to make one drop of oil, making it costly to purchase. Nonetheless, the high concentration of rose oil enables a single drop to go a long way. Rose oil is not used in a concentrated form, but rather, it is combined with secondary carrier oils such as grape seed, almond, or jojoba oils. It is applied topically rather than taken internally.
Roses are beautiful and highly fragrant. A state symbol of New York since 1955, the rose is designated to be the official state flower in any color. Offering many symbolic reflections, roses have long been a part of societal functions. Additionally, roses offer many practical uses within the home and beauty industries.
The symbolism of roses dates back centuries to the time of ancient Greek mythology. A rose bush grew from the blood of Aphrodite's (Greek goddess of love) slain lover. She is frequently portrayed with roses, symbolizing immortal love. Christian reflections portray red roses as symbolizing the ultimate sacrifice in the death of Christ. The red roses symbolize the crown of thorns covered in blood. In ancient Roman times, roses were hung above meeting tables, delivering the message that anything discussed "sub rosa" or "beneath the roses" was to remain secret. Roses came to symbolize tacit understanding.
The colors of roses have long held symbolic meaning. Pink roses reflect gentility, first love, elegance, happiness, gracefulness, and healing. White roses (bridal roses) suggest purity, humility, sanctity, innocence, and mysticism. The gift of a white rose without a note suggests that a secret admirer exists. Yellow roses (friendship roses) reflect caring, mature love, friendship, protection against envy, and joy. Bold and dramatic, red roses (lovers' roses) are symbolic of immortal love, enduring passion, respect, and sacrifice. Orange roses are reflective of desire, enthusiasm, and excitement. Lilac and/or purple roses suggest enchantment, desire, and love at first sight. Of course, variations in shade may signify a slightly different meaning, and the number of roses must also be taken into consideration.
Rose oils and waters vary in coloring due to the different hues that are available. Common types of roses for use in skincare products include Rosa Damascena, Rosa Centifolia, and Rosa Gallica. Although rose waters and oils are suitable for all skin types, they are especially beneficial for sensitive, dry, or mature skin types. Therapeutic benefits offered in aromatherapy are delivered via inhalation methods.
Rose oils can be used to boost skin circulation, enhance elasticity levels, and strengthen capillary walls just beneath the surface of the skin, which is quite helpful in reduce the redness created by enlarged capillaries. Synthetic versions of rose essence have been created, but they do not deliver any therapeutic value when used. Rose water, less expensive than its counterpart rose oil, is soothing to skin that has been irritated. It can also perform as an antiseptic solution or tonic, helping to clear up infections. It offers astringent, anti-depressant, and mildly sedative capabilities.


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Questions? Call us: (785) 258-2494
The Discraft ESP Comet is a super accurate, straight flying approach disc with stability of 0.0 (stable). It holds whatever line you throw it on. Great for all players in all conditions and super accurate from any distance. Great beginner disc golf disc.
ESP plastic is ultra tough and has outstanding grip. It is more durable than the X line and grippier than the Z line.
About Color and Availability - Pictured above are samples of some available ESP colors. This model may not be available in all of these colors. Likewise, each weight range may not be available in all colors. Therefore we ask you to list and prioritize your color preferences and to give us guidance if the color or weight range you want happens to not be available. Feel free to contact us if you need more specific info.
|Pro D
|Elite Z
|Elite Z Glo
"All I can say is WOW!!! This disc is absolutely amazing, and may be the most underrated disc on the market. I use the Comet for almost every midrange shot that I need from as close as 150 feet to as far as 380 feet. It does everything you could want a disc to do. The Comet will never come out of my bag as long as I am playing this game."
Michael Johansen


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A perennial tree reaching a height as tall as 65 feet after twenty years of growth in optimal locations (or half that height in less optimal growing environments), the Mangifera Indica (Common Mango) is a member of the Anacardiaceae family, which contains an assortment of poisonous plants (poison ivy) as well as non-poisonous varieties (pistachio and cashew). Interestingly enough, the Mango is known by that name in many locations or by the names mangou, manga, mangoro, and other similar names. This species is native to parts of India and Thailand, although it has migrated to other countries (Africa, East Asia, and the United States) via explorers and traders, with six varieties enjoying cultivated as well as wild growth.
The Mangifera Indica is a tall, erect tree with a spreading canopy that has the ability to stretch across as much as 100 to 125 feet. The Mango tree is noted for its longevity, surviving as many as 300 years when growing conditions are most favorable. The leaves of the tree are slender, growing a length of 4 to 12 inches. Initially, the leaves appear in hues of yellowish-pink, wine-red, or deep-rose. Eventually, they turn to a rich green color on the upper portion of the leaf, and a lighter green on the lover half. Preferring fun over shade, the Mangifera Indica produces yellow flowers and orange fruit. It thrives in tropical conditions.
Clusters of small flowers that are yellow to red in coloring are produced, giving way to a profusion of fruit that varies in quality, shape, size, and color. Typically, however, Mangoes are oval to oblong in shape, somewhat resembling the human kidney. The skin of the Mango is waxy and thick, and it features a smooth surface while giving off an aromatic scent that is distinctive to this particular fruit. The coloring of the skin varies, but ranges from yellow to red to purple to green with a mottled combination of hues creating the average appearance for this fruit's skin. The flesh of the Mango ranges from pale yellow to a deep orange hue. The Mango is noted for being fibrous in texture, sometimes delivering a stringiness that clings to the entirety of the fruit on one side. Within the center of the fruit is a single stone or pit, containing a seed that can be used to produce new growth.
Dried Mango flowers contain tannin and have been used to treat chronic dysentery and urethritis, as well as diarrhea. In India, a resinous gum is extracted from the trunk of the Mango tree to be used to treat exceptionally dry and cracked skin on the feet as well as to aid in healing scabies. An extract taken from the stems, leaves, and bark of the tree is thought to provide antibiotic capability, and therefore, it has been used in some locations to treat fever, diarrhea, and an assortment of other maladies. At some time or other, Mangifera Indica has been used for the following capabilities: emetic, expectorant, laxative, anti-asthmatic, antiseptic, hypotensive, and antiviral.
Containing healthy doses of bioactive compounds, parts of the Mango are commonly used today in skincare formulations. The leaves, both young and old, contain mangiferin, as do the bark and fruit of the Mangifera Indica. A pharmacologically active flavonoid, mangiferin has been increasingly explored as a possible anti-carcinogen. Studies involving mangiferin have produced results that suggest this substance offers anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and antiviral capabilities in addition to being a powerful antioxidant. Although more studies are needed to fully explore mangiferin and its potential benefits for humans, the existing results suggest that mangiferin protects the skin against the damage caused by ultraviolet rays. The results also suggest that it can assist in repairing existing damage to the skin caused by overexposure to the sun's harsh UV rays. Mangiferin has been studied regarding its ability to reverse some of the damage created in the eyes and kidneys by diabetes.
Containing superior levels of vitamin A (beta-carotene) and vitamin C, Mango fruit offers the ability to stimulate the skin's natural production of collagen, enhancing elasticity of the skin and aiding in the generation of new skin cell growth. Mango butter delivers rich emollient capabilities that are most beneficial for the skin.


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Phiaton PS 200 Sound Isolating In-Ear Earphones with Dual Micro Transducers (Woofer andTweeter)
" Fit and finish The PS200 fits well in my ear canals, although the body is on the large side. Because of this, they constantly push against my antitragus, making it sore after a while. However, I doubt this will happen to other users. Isolation is quite good; they isolate about as well as my ER6s, despite using single-flange tips. However, the tips are quite thick, and don't squish down quite..." --12345142
Phiaton PS 210 Sound Isolating In-Ear Earphones with 4 Silicone Sizing Buds and Carry Case
" First, I want to thank Phiaton for the review sample. As a headphone brand, Phiaton is relatively new to the scene. But as a company, it has a rather long history. Phiaton was setup by Cresyn Korea in 2008 as an initiative to launch its own high end headphone line. Up to that point, Cresyn has been very successful in the headphone OEM/ODM business all over the world, yet not quite known..." --ClieOS
Arriva Sports Stereo Headphones - iPod / MP3 / Shuffle wired headphones
* Headphones iPod, MP3 player headphones * Sports stereo headphones. * Comfortable to wear all day long. * Our design fits like a soft spring. * One size fits all. * Compacts, stores anywhere. * Plugs into any standard 1/8" (3.5mm) headphone jack. * Our discreet design is almost unnoticeable to others. * Utility patent pending.
Phiaton PS 20 Half In-Ear Premium Earphone (Glossy Black)
"Bought the active noise cancelling version of these as a daily deal on Amazon for <$20. Active noise cancelling completely broken on both my original unit and the replacement - so on one hand the quality was horrific. That said, I really enjoy their overall sound - slightly warm, bass present but not overwhelming, polite treble. Shallow fit IEMs not designed for..." --DrikTheTroll