text:
Angola Population: 18,565,269
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|Angola is still rebuilding its country since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010; elections held in 2012 saw him installed as president.
The province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
|Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 1,246,700 sq km
land: 1,246,700 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: slightly less than twice the size of Texas
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 5,198 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
|1,600 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
|semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
|narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m
|Natural resources:
|petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
|Land use:
| arable land: 3.29%
permanent crops: 0.23%
other: 96.48% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|855.3 sq km (2005)
|Natural hazards:
|locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
|Current Environment Issues:
|overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Angolan(s)
adjective: Angolan
|Ethnic groups:
|Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
|Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
|indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)
|18,565,269 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 43.5% (male 4,121,500/female 3,961,484)
15-24 years: 20.3% (male 1,922,114/female 1,855,689)
25-54 years: 29.2% (male 2,734,128/female 2,692,449)
55-64 years: 4% (male 358,337/female 378,231)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 250,388/female 290,949) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 99.6 %
youth dependency ratio: 94.8 %
elderly dependency ratio: 4.8 %
potential support ratio: 20.9 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 17.7 years
male: 17.5 years
female: 17.9 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|2.78% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|39.16 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|11.86 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 59.2% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 3.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|LUANDA (capital) 5.068 million; Huambo 979,000 (2011)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|450 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 81.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 85.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 77.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 54.95 years
male: 53.83 years
female: 56.11 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|5.49 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|17.7% (2009)
|Health expenditures:
|2.9% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2004)
|Hospital bed density:
|0.8 beds/1,000 population (2005)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 60% of population
rural: 38% of population
total: 51% of population
urban: 40% of population
rural: 62% of population
total: 49% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 85% of population
rural: 19% of population
total: 58% of population
urban: 15% of population
rural: 81% of population
total: 42% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|2% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|200,000 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|11,000 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|6.4% (2008)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|15.6% (2007)
|Education expenditures:
|3.5% of GDP (2010)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 70.4%
male: 82.6%
female: 58.6% (2011 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
|total: 10 years (2010)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Republic of Angola
conventional short form: Angola
local long form: Republica de Angola
local short form: Angola
former: People's Republic of Angola
|Government type:
|republic; multiparty presidential regime
| name: Luanda
geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 13 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
|11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
|adopted by National Assembly 5 February 2010
|Legal system:
|civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; note - according to the 2010 constitution, ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates, the leader of the party with the most votes becomes president; following the results of the 2012 legislative elections DOS SANTOS became president (eligible for a second term)
election results: NA; as leader of the MPLA, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS became pesident following legislative elections on 31 August 2012; DOS SANTOS was inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution
|Legislative branch:
| unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017)
election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8%, UNITA 18.7%, CASA-CE 6.0%, PRS 1.7%, FNLA 1.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175, UNITA 32, CASA-CE 8, PRS 3, FNLA 2
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (consists of the chief justice and NA judges; Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body presided over by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms
subordinate courts: provincial and municipal courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU] National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Lucas NGONDA] National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party) Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975) Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA] note: 4 other parties qualified to participate in the national election in August 2012
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO] note: FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; Several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues Mingas], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese soccer team in 2010
|International organization participation:
|ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope)
|National anthem:
| name: "Angola Avante" (Forward Angola)
lyrics/music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO
note: adopted 1975
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO
chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156
consulate(s) general: Houston, New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher J. MCMULLEN
embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda
mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550
telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000
|^Back to Top
Angola's high growth rate in recent years was driven by high international prices for its oil. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and its current assigned a production quota of 1.65 million barrels a day (bbl/day). Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Diamond exports contribute an additional 5%. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, even though peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Since 2005, the government has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. The global recession that started in 2008 temporarily stalled economic growth. Lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to about 10% in 2012. Higher oil prices have helped Angola turn a budget deficit of 8.6% of GDP in 2009 into an surplus of 12% of GDP in 2012. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, also is a major challenge.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $130.4 billion (2012 est.) $120.3 billion (2011 est.) $115.7 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $118.7 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|8.4% (2012 est.) 3.9% (2011 est.) 3.4% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $6,500 (2012 est.) $6,100 (2011 est.) $6,100 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|20.4% of GDP (2012 est.) 24% of GDP (2011 est.) 21.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 48%
government consumption: 19.8%
investment in fixed capital: 11.4%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 64.2%
imports of goods and services: -43.4% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 48%
government consumption: 19.8%
investment in fixed capital: 11.4%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 64.2%
imports of goods and services: -43.4% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish
|petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair
|Industrial production growth rate:
|8% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|8.468 million (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 85% industry and
services: 15% (2003 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|Population below poverty line:
|40.5% (2006 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 0.6%
highest 10%: 44.7% (2000)
| revenues: $51.24 billion
expenditures: $44.23 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|43.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|16.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 18.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.3% (2012 est.) 13.5% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|$17.09 billion (2012 est.) $15.92 billion (2011 est.)
|$69.26 billion (2012 est.) $67.31 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton
|Exports - partners:
|China 45.8%, US 13.7%, India 11%, South Africa 4.1% (2012)
|$22.86 billion (2012 est.) $20.23 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods
|Imports - partners:
|China 20.8%, Portugal 19.5%, US 7.7%, South Africa 7.1%, Brazil 5.9% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$33.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $26.48 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$21.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $21.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$17.15 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $12.15 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$9.621 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $7.361 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Exchange rates:
|kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 95.468 (2012 est.) 93.935 (2011 est.) 91.906 (2010 est.) 79.33 (2009) 75.023 (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|4.08 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 122
|Electricity - consumption:
|3.659 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|1.155 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|56.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|43.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|1.84 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|1.757 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|15 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|37,310 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|79,430 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|31,050 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|41,480 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|734 million cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|733 million cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|310 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|24.2 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 303,200 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 116
|Cellular Phones in use:
|9.491 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001
domestic: only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2011
international: country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)
|Broadcast media:
|state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|20,703 (2012)
|Internet users:
|606,700 (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 176 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 32
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 31
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 145
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 31
914 to 1,523 m: 66
under 914 m: 43 (2013)
|1 (2013)
|gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1,065 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2013)
| total 2,764 km
narrow gauge: 2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)
| total 51,429 km
paved: 5,349 km
unpaved: 46,080 km (2001)
|1,300 km (2011)
|Merchant marine:
| total 7
by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 1 (Spain 1)
registered in other countries: 17 (Bahamas 6, Curacao 2, Cyprus 1, Liberia 1, Malta 7) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)
|Military service age and obligation:
|20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 3,062,438
females age 16-49: 2,964,262 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 1,546,781
females age 16-49: 1,492,308 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 155,476
female: 152,054 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|3% of GDP (2012)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
|refugees (country of origin): 20,740 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2012) IDPs: 19,500 (27-year civil war ending in 2002) (2005)
|Illicit drugs:
|used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa
|^Back to Top
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Other Studies and
Brief Research Reports
Personality and Couple Satisfaction (click here)
Kaufman & Larson (2011)
The goal of the study was to examine the relationship between personality and marital satisfaction and partner pairing. A national sample of 10,000 married couples took the PREPARE-ENRICH couple assessment and the results were examined to determine whether couples with similar personalities were more satisfied in their marriage than couples with dissimilar personalities and whether individuals were more likely to pair with someone with a similar personality or different personality. Couple types were divided into four categories: those both scoring high, both scoring low, both scoring moderate, and one scoring high-one scoring low on each of the five scales of personality. Results indicate that there is no relationship between personality similarities/differences and marital satisfaction, and that individuals are 66% more likely to pair with someone with a different personality than their own. However, personality similarities/differences do play a role in judgment of marital satisfaction, as those couples who both score high in each of the five dimensions of personality were significantly more satisfied in their relationship than those who both scored low.
Birth Order and Couple Satisfaction (click here)
Raetz (2011)
The effects of birth order in marital satisfaction and intimacy were investigated using a national sample of 10,000 married couples who had taken the PREPARE/ENRICH Inventory. Birth order pairs studied were first, only, second-, and third-born. It was hypothesized that couples of the same birth order would have a less satisfying relationship than couples (who were married to someone) of dissimilar birth orders. It was found that birth order does not have an effect on marital satisfaction - so the hypotheses were unsupported.
Commitment in Marriage (click here)
Larson & Olson (2010)
With the Customized Version of PREPARE/ENRICH, a new section of questions was created addressing the Commitment levels for both partners. We recently began analyzing some of the data gathered from married couples.
Forgiveness in Marriage (click here)
Larson & Olson (2010)
We analyzed 7,034 married couples to investigate how well forgiveness differentiated healthy from unhealthy marriages. In comparing healthy Vitalized couples with struggling Devitalized couples, the forgiveness results were compelling. Over 86% of the Vitalized couples had forgiveness as a relational strength, but less than 1% of the Devitalized couples reported a healthy ability to forgive one another and move forward in their relationship. For Devitalized couples, forgiveness was a relational growth area over 86% of the time.
Reference: Mouttet, K. L. R. (2009) Unpublished doctoral dissertation. A Comparative Analysis of Three Scales Intended to Measure Forgiveness. Regent University.
Top Stressors for Couples (click here)
Larson & Olson (2009)
In today's fast paced society, it is impossible to avoid stress in our lives. A recent poll of 1,000 U.S. adults and found 47% of respondents feel more stress today than they did 6 months ago. The number one source of stress cited in the poll was "personal finance concerns" (Booth Research, 2008).
References: Neff, L.A., and Karney, B.R., (2009). Stress and reactivity to daily relationship experiences: How stress hinders adaptive processes in marriage. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97 (3), 435-450.
Couple Checkup: Tuning Up Relationship (click here)
David Olson, Peter Larson & Amy Olson-Sigg (2009)
There is considerable evidence that marriage is good for both adults and children and marriage education programs are designed to help build stronger marriages. However, these programs have a variety of problems that limit their effectiveness and impact and the Couple Checkup overcomes some of those limitations. The Couple Checkup can also be used by a couple on their own or used with marriage education programs to improve its impact. The Couple Checkup is based on the PREPARE/ENRICH Program, and it customizes the assessment for each couple. The couple can view and print their Checkup Report and a Couple Discussion Guide. The goal is for the Couple Checkup to reach a more diverse group of couples, to empower couples to deal with issues on their own, and to emphasize prevention over remediation. The Couple Checkup can also be used in a group setting and group leaders can create a Group Summary to help them better understand and work with the couples in a group.
Reference: Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy: Innovations in Clinical and Educational Interventions, 1533–2683, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 129–142
Distressed Couples & Marriage Education (click here)
Rita DeMaria (2005)
Professionals generally believe that couples who chose to attend marriage education programs are not as distressed as are clinical couples and that distressed couples are not good candidates for marriage education. These assumptions were tested with 129 married couples who enrolled in a PAIRS marriage education course. Using the ENRICH couple assessment, it was found that 59% of the couples were "Devitalized" and 34 were "Conflicted" which are the two most unhappy and distressed couple types. This surprising finding suggests that highly distressed married couples are common among those who seek marriage education programs.
Reference: Distressed Couples and Marriage Education. Family Relations, 54, 252–253 (2005)
Relationship Wellness for Business (click here)
Matt Turvey, David Olson (2006)
While traditionally the world of business and the world of marriage and family relationships have remained disconnected, it is clear they have a major impact on each other. Building marriage and family wellness improves a company's overall financial health, while ignoring these opportunities can decrease a company's profitability. Employees in successful relationships increase profits for their employers, while employees in failing relationships cost employers money.
Online Self-Training
If you are unable to find a workshop in your
area or prefer to learn online, you can
register for PREPARE/ENRICH
Online Self-Training.
Marriage Mentor Program
Once your church or community has a trained and certified PREPARE/ENRICH professional, you might consider establishing a Marriage Mentor Program to help premarital couples get more preparation or married couples get the assistance they need for healthier relationships.


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Cowon EK2
" Not expecting much love here, because this product wasnt even listed, I thought its worth a brief comparison with the all so mighty piston. just a casual review. Cowon EK2 review, compared to Xioami Piston:- No, no formalities what so ever, No intros nothing, you are not here for intros And Add S to hits. Just to add that my piston has its filter and foam..." --suman134
Cowon EM1 In-Earphone
"These in ears are as cheap as it gets and you get what you pay for. Though when compared to similarly priced in ears a few things stand out. Build quality and looks are good. It comes with flat, relatively tangle free cord. Also its fairly resistant to micro phonics. It comes with 3 rubber tips, and I could not get perfect seal with any of them. I could hear faint noises. So its decent..." --vaibhavp
Cowon Earphone Eh2
Sound fantastic woofer and tweeter, the finest hybrid earphone


text:
Expert Service 1-661-257-9993 [Hours]
Noise Cancelling Headphones Built-In Microphone: Yes
Wireless Bluetooth 4.0 & Noise Cancelling Earphones with Microphone
• In-ear Design
• Active Noise-Cancellation
• Ipx4 Sweat and Water Resistant
• Large 13.5mm Speaker Driver
• Multi-Point Connection for Multiple Devices
• Frequency Response: 10-27,000 Hz
• Nominal Impedance: 24 Ohms
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Active Noise Cancelling technologies (ANC) began to see widespread use in the 1950s to attenuate the noise experienced by pilots during helicopter and airplane flight. Since the earliest days of ANC, the technology has become a standard feature of consumer headphones with virtually every major manufacturer offering a model with integrated ANC technology.
Noise cancellation technology works by placing a microphone that detects background noise by measuring the amplitude of the noise wave. The microphone relays the information to a digital signal processor which emits a sound wave of the same amplitude with an inverted phase. When the contrasting sound waves meet, they effectively cancel each other out resulting in a significantly weakened noise wave.
This type of noise cancellation is particularly efficient at cancelling lower-frequency noise. To limit high-frequency noise from interfering with your music enjoyment, it is imperative to select noise-cancelling headphones with sufficient passive isolation. Passive noise cancellation is best achieved by closed back, circumaural (over-ear) headphones; nonetheless, there are plenty of in-ear and on-ear options that can provide significant passive noise cancellation to attenuate high frequency noise. Effective passive isolation in combination with ANC technology will offer the best results for listeners fixed on achieving the most focused and purely musical experience in virtually any environment.
Whether your demands require full-size headphones, compact on-ear headphones, or the ultra-portable in-ear monitor, our vast selection of noise-cancelling headphone models is sure to have an application for you. With models featuring rechargeable batteries as well as more traditional sources such as alkaline batteries, Sonic Electronix has you covered whatever your power source. Delivering selections from trusted and proven brands, we offer a blend of reliability, comfort, and service rare in on-line retail.
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This is the self-tapping water valve that attaches to the water line in your home and supplies water to the Aprilaire Humidifier.
It is designed to either be open or closed and is not designed to regulate the flow of the water.
For use with models: 110, 112, 220, 224, 350, 360, 400, 440, 445, 445A, 448, 550, 558, 560, 560A, 568, 600, 700, 760, 760A and 768
Fits 3/8" O.D. to 7/8" O.D. copper tubing with 1/4" O.D. compression outlet. Includes brass needle valve, steel saddle clamp, nuts, sleeves, and inserts for poly or copper tubing. Do not install on PVC or PEX water line.
Reviewed by 3 customers
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Best Uses
Comments about Aprilaire #4001 Saddle Valve:
connects the water line to a humidifier
Best Uses
Comments about Aprilaire #4001 Saddle Valve:
This thing is built tough!!! When I installed it, the brackets did not bend at all...in fact the bracket actually crushed the pipe some, so be careful!!! Once installed, piercing the pipe was easy. Make sure to back the valve all the way back out when you are done. Used for my Refrigerator water system...plenty of flow! Worth the price [...]!!
Best Uses
Comments about Aprilaire #4001 Saddle Valve:
For a quick replacement, this saddle valve worked well. A screw driver and a couple of minutes was all it took to install. A real shutoff value would be preferable, but for the money, this is a good option.


text:
Web Stories
'The Final Gift' documentary will be shown
Wednesday, Feb. 6, 2013, 4:30 p.m. · Whig Hall, Senate Chamber
Posted February 1, 2013; 04:27 p.m.
A screening of the film "The Final Gift" and presentation by filmmaker Therese Bartholomew will be held at 4:30 p.m. Wednesday, Feb. 6, in the Whig Hall Senate Chamber. The film follows Bartholomew's pursuit to find meaning after her brother's murder. The Pace Center for Civic Engagement is sponsoring the event.


text: With its serene beauty and alluring fragrance, our gardenia bonsai brings elegance and style to any space. Grown by our plant experts, this traditional bonsai has a sculptural design, which highlights its graceful white blooms. Arriving in bud form, it will bloom into full beauty between March and June. Add a gardenia-scented candle to your gift for an even sweeter surprise.


text:
Paraguay Population: 6,623,252
|« Previous Country | Next Country »
|Paraguay achieved its independence from Spain in 1811. In the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance (1865-70) - between Paraguay and Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay - Paraguay lost two-thirds of all its adult males and much of its territory. The country stagnated economically for the next half century. Following the Chaco War of 1932-35 with Bolivia, Paraguay gained a large part of the Chaco lowland region. The 35-year military dictatorship of Alfredo STROESSNER ended in 1989, and, despite a marked increase in political infighting in recent years, Paraguay has held relatively free and regular presidential elections since the country's return to democracy.
Landlocked; lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil; population concentrated in southern part of country
|Central South America, northeast of Argentina, southwest of Brazil
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 406,752 sq km
land: 397,302 sq km
water: 9,450 sq km
Size comparison: slightly smaller than California
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 3,995 km
border countries: Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,365 km
|0 km (landlocked)
|Maritime claims:
|none (landlocked)
|subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west
|grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: junction of Rio Paraguay and Rio Parana 46 m
highest point: Cerro Pero 842 m
|Natural resources:
|hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone
|Land use:
| arable land: 9.59%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 90.19% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|670 sq km (2003)
|Natural hazards:
|local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)
|Current Environment Issues:
|deforestation; water pollution; inadequate means for waste disposal pose health risks for many urban residents; loss of wetlands
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Paraguayan(s)
adjective: Paraguayan
|Ethnic groups:
|mestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%, other 5%
|Spanish (official), Guarani (official)
|Roman Catholic 89.6%, Protestant 6.2%, other Christian 1.1%, other or unspecified 1.9%, none 1.1% (2002 census)
|6,623,252 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 26.8% (male 903,578/female 873,079)
15-24 years: 20.8% (male 692,006/female 684,297)
25-54 years: 39% (male 1,294,037/female 1,290,376)
55-64 years: 6.9% (male 234,803/female 224,862)
65 years and over: 6.4% (male 198,529/female 227,685) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 61 %
youth dependency ratio: 52.2 %
elderly dependency ratio: 8.8 %
potential support ratio: 11.4 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 26.3 years
male: 26.1 years
female: 26.5 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|1.23% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|16.95 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|4.61 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 61% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 2.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|ASUNCION (capital) 1.977 million (2009)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|22.9 note: Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2008 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|99 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 21.48 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.21 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 76.6 years
male: 73.97 years
female: 79.35 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|2.01 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|79.4% note: percent of women aged 15-44 (2008)
|Health expenditures:
|5.9% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|1.11 physicians/1,000 population (2002)
|Hospital bed density:
|1.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 99% of population
rural: 66% of population
total: 86% of population
urban: 1% of population
rural: 34% of population
total: 14% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 90% of population
rural: 40% of population
total: 71% of population
urban: 10% of population
rural: 60% of population
total: 29% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.3% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|13,000 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|fewer than 500 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|17.9% (2008)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|3.4% (2005)
|Education expenditures:
|4.1% of GDP (2010)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93.9%
male: 94.8%
female: 92.9% (2010 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 12 years
male: 12 years
female: 12 years (2010)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 17.8%
male: 9.7%
female: 13% (2011)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Republic of Paraguay
conventional short form: Paraguay
local long form: Republica del Paraguay
local short form: Paraguay
|Government type:
|constitutional republic
| name: Asuncion
geographic coordinates: 25 16 S, 57 40 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends fourth Sunday in March
|Administrative divisions:
|17 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital city*; Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Asuncion*, Boqueron, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro
|14 May 1811 (from Spain)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 14 May 1811 (observed 15 May)
|promulgated 20 June 1992
|Legal system:
|civil law system with influences from Argentine, Spanish, Roman, and French civil law models; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice
|18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 75
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Horacio CARTES (since 15 August 2013); Vice President Juan AFARA (since 15 August 2013); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Horacio CARTES (since 15 August 2013); Vice President Juan AFARA (since 15 August 2013)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single five-year term; election last held on 21 April 2013 (next to be held in April 2018)
election results: Horacio CARTES elected president; percent of vote - Horacio CARTES 45.8%, Efrain ALEGRE 36.94%, Mario FERREIRO 5.88%, Anibal CARRILLO 3.32%, other 8.06%
|Legislative branch:
| bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Chamber of Senators - last held on 21 April 2013 (next to be held in April 2018); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 21 April 2013 (next to be held in April 2018)
election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 19, PLRA 12, FG 5, PDP 3, Avanza Pais 2, UNACE 2, PEN 1, PPQ 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 44, PLRA 27, Avanza Pais 2, PEN 2, UNACE 2, FG 1, PPQ 1, other 1
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 9 justices divided 3 each into the Constitutional Court, Civil and Commercial Chamber, and Criminal Division judge selection and term of office: justices proposed by the Council of Magistrates or Consejo de la Magistratura, a 6-member independent body, and appointed by the Chamber of Senators with presidential concurrence; judges appointed until mandatory retirement at age 75
subordinate courts: appellate courts; first instance courts; minor courts, including justices of the peace
|Political parties and leaders:
|Alianza Patriotica por el Cambio (Patriotic Alliance for Change) or APC Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR [Lilian SAMANIEGO] Avanza Pais coalition [Mario FERREIRO] Broad Front coalition (Frente Guazu) or FG [Fernando Armindo LUGO Mendez] Movimiento Popolar Tekojoja or Tekojoja [Sixto PEREIRA] Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE Patria Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Sebastian ACHA] Partido del Movimiento al Socialismo or P-MAS [Camilo Ernesto SOARES Machado] Partido Democratica Progresista or PDP [Rafael Augusto FILIZZOLA Serra] Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Fernando CAMACHO Paredes] Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA [Blas Antonio LLANO Ramos] Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Ahorristas Estafados or AE National Coordinating Board of Campesino Organizations or MCNOC [Luis AGUAYO] National Federation of Campesinos or FNC [Odilon ESPINOLA] National Workers Central or CNT [Secretary General Juan TORRALES] Paraguayan Workers Confederation or CPT Roman Catholic Church Unitary Workers Central or CUT [Jorge Guzman ALVARENGA Malgarejo]
|International organization participation:
|CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (suspended), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|National anthem:
| name: "Paraguayos, Republica o muerte!" (Paraguayans, The Republic or Death!)
lyrics/music: Francisco Esteban ACUNA de Figueroa/disputed
note: adopted 1934, in use since 1846; the anthem was officially adopted following its re-arrangement in 1934
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Fernando Antonio PFANNL Caballero
chancery: 2400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 483-6960 through 6962
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, Miami, New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| Ambassador James H. THESSIN
embassy: 1776 Avenida Mariscal Lopez, Casilla Postal 402, Asuncion
mailing address: Unit 4711, DPO AA 34036-0001
telephone: [595] (21) 213-715
|^Back to Top
Landlocked Paraguay has a market economy distinguished by a large informal sector, featuring re-export of imported consumer goods to neighboring countries, as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. A large percentage of the population, especially in rural areas, derives its living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. Because of the importance of the informal sector, accurate economic measures are difficult to obtain. On a per capita basis, real income has stagnated at 1980 levels. The economy grew rapidly between 2003 and 2008 as growing world demand for commodities combined with high prices and favorable weather to support Paraguay's commodity-based export expansion. Paraguay is the sixth largest soy producer in the world. Drought hit in 2008, reducing agricultural exports and slowing the economy even before the onset of the global recession. The economy fell 3.8% in 2009, as lower world demand and commodity prices caused exports to contract. The government reacted by introducing fiscal and monetary stimulus packages. Growth resumed at a 13% level in 2010, the highest in South America, but slowed to about 4% in 2011 as the stimulus subsided. In 2012, severe drought and outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease led to a drop in beef and other agricultural exports and the economy contracted about 0.5%. Political uncertainty, corruption, limited progress on structural reform, and deficient infrastructure are the main obstacles to long-term growth.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $41.55 billion (2012 est.) $42.05 billion (2011 est.) $40.3 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $26 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|-1.2% (2012 est.) 4.3% (2011 est.) 13.1% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $6,200 (2012 est.) $6,400 (2011 est.) $6,300 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 72.8%
government consumption: 12.2%
investment in fixed capital: 14.6%
investment in inventories: 0.3%
exports of goods and services: 46.8%
imports of goods and services: -46.7% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 72.8%
government consumption: 12.2%
investment in fixed capital: 14.6%
investment in inventories: 0.3%
exports of goods and services: 46.8%
imports of goods and services: -46.7% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), fruits, vegetables; beef, pork, eggs, milk; timber
|sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic, electric power
|Industrial production growth rate:
|4.4% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|3.137 million (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 26.5%
industry: 18.5%
services: 55% (2008)
|Unemployment rate:
|6.9% (2012 est.) 6.6% (2011 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|34.7% (2010 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 1%
highest 10%: 41.1% (2010 est.)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|53.2 (2009) 57.7 (1998)
| revenues: $4.665 billion
expenditures: $5.109 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|17.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|14.1% of GDP (2012 est.) 12.37% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (2012 est.) 8.3% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$1.17 billion (2012 est.) -$549.9 million (2011 est.)
|$9.743 billion (2012 est.) $10.39 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|soybeans, feed, cotton, meat, edible oils, wood, leather
|Exports - partners:
|Uruguay 18.3%, Argentina 16.3%, Brazil 16.2%, Russia 11.8% (2012)
|$11.24 billion (2012 est.) $12.07 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|road vehicles, consumer goods, tobacco, petroleum products, electrical machinery, tractors, chemicals, vehicle parts
|Imports - partners:
|Brazil 24.1%, China 19.4%, Argentina 19.2%, US 11.4% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$4.995 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $4.983 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$5.957 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $6.013 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$4.425 million (31 December 2012) $3.86 million (31 December 2011)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$958.1 million (31 December 2011) $42 million (31 December 2010) $409.1 million (31 December 2006)
|Exchange rates:
|guarani (PYG) per US dollar - 4,424.9 (2012 est.) 4,191.4 (2011 est.) 4,735.5 (2010 est.) 4,965.4 (2009) 4,337.7 (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|54.41 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 47
|Electricity - consumption:
|6.237 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|43.38 billion kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|8.816 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|99.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0.01 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|26,820 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|23,810 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|4.394 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 372,400 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 108
|Cellular Phones in use:
|6.529 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: the fixed-line market is a state monopoly and fixed-line telephone service is meager; principal switching center is in Asuncion
domestic: deficiencies in provision of fixed-line service have resulted in a rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services fostered by competition among multiple providers
international: country code - 595; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)
|Broadcast media:
|6 privately owned TV stations; about 75 commercial and community radio stations; 1 state-owned radio network (2010)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|280,658 (2012)
|Internet users:
|1.105 million (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 799 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 9
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 15
over 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 5 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 784
1,524 to 2,437 m: 23
914 to 1,523 m: 290
under 914 m: 471 (2013)
| total 36 km
standard gauge: 36 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)
| total 29,500 km
paved: 14,986 km
unpaved: 14,514 km (2000)
|3,100 km (primarily on the Paraguay and Paraná river systems) (2012)
|Merchant marine:
| total 19
by type: cargo 13, container 3, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 6 (Argentina 5, Netherlands 1) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Armed Forces Command (Commando de las Fuerzas Militares): Army, National Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Marine Corps, Naval Aviation, and Coast Guard), Paraguayan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Paraguay, FAP), Logistics Command, War Materiel Directorate (2012)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy; volunteers for the Air Force must be younger than 22 years of age with a secondary school diploma (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 1,678,335
females age 16-49: 1,675,352 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 1,409,859
females age 16-49: 1,433,037 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 73,367
female: 71,801 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|1.5% of GDP (2012)
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|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations
|Illicit drugs:
|major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, and Europe; weak border controls, extensive corruption and money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; weak anti-money-laundering laws and enforcement
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


text:
1.2 / January 22, 2016
App Information Tic Tac Toe Unique
- App NameTic Tac Toe Unique
- Package Namecom.mobileapps.ngujjari.ticatacapp
- UpdatedJanuary 22, 2016
- File Size1.3M
- Requires AndroidAndroid 4.1 and up
- Version1.2
- DeveloperNaresh Gujjari
- Installs10 - 50
- PriceFree
- CategoryBoard
- Developer
- Google Play Link
Naresh Gujjari Show More...
Tic Tac Toe Unique 1.2 APK
Tic Tac Toe Unique free Drag drop 3x3boardgame is unique game and shows variation from the otherall-timebest version of this play. In classic Tic Tac Toe game aplayer donot get a chance to challenge (Not so well ) the otherplayer andmost of the time best play from both parties leads to adraw.Tic Tac Toe Unique Drag drop features players to move the X'sO'saround the board. While moving the noughts and crosses (X's ,O's)to an unoccupied adjacent square , a player can move to abestpossible square to WIN the game or try challenge the otherplayerto not to WIN his game.Tic Tac Toe Unique supports one player with computer androidAIor two player mode, so you can play against another player orplayagainst your Android device.Play Rules:1) Both players are allowed ONLY three ( 3) X's or O's toplaceon the board2) After placing 3 pieces , drag and drop the pieces to movearoundthe board3) Can ONLY move to adjacent neighbor square positionsinhorizontal, vertical or diagonal directions4) First player who matches all the X's or O's in horizontal,vertical or diagonal directions will WIN the gameSalient Features1) Great user interface , graphics and sound effects2) Can play three dificulty levels in single player mode3) Challenge the opposite player by moving the play cards tohiswinning positions4) Configurable player names and scores display
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Sing your favorite hits with audio effects.Sing video duets with featured artists like Jessie J, Jason Derulo,and Linkin Park. Share your covers with our 50M+ global audienceand get fans!Featured by Google Play as Best Apps 2014.-----------Features- Self-recording option with video**-Try out video filters: Selfie, Fight Club, Vintage, Black andWhite, Sepia**- Sing like a star with audio effects!- Share on our global platform - get discovered!- Duet with featured pop artists - Jessie J, Jason Derulo, KylieMinogue, X Ambassadors, OMI, Carly Rae Jepsen, Charlie Puth,Silento and many more**Video availability on different Android devices will beincremental over several weeks. When available onyour device model, video option will appear with no additionalupdate required. Please see the Sing! Android FAQ for theinitial list of devices that offervideo. http://www.smule.com/support/sing#android-----------------------------------------------------New songs added every day. Current most popular on Sing!:** All of Me - John Legend** Flashlight - Jessie J (from Pitch Perfect 2)** I'm Not the Only One - Sam Smith** Like I'm Gonna Lose You - Meghan Trainor, ft. John Legend** All I Want For Christmas is You - Mariah Carey** I'm Yours - Jason Mraz** Thinking Out Loud - Ed Sheeran** Dear Future Husband - Meghan Trainor** When I Was Your Man - Bruno Mars** Let It Go - Idina Menzel (from Frozen by Disney)** Cups ("When I'm Gone") - Anna Kendrick** Stay - Rihanna ft. Mikky Ekko** Love me Like You Do - Ellie Goulding** The Way, Break Free - Ariana Grande** Anaconda, Pound the Alarm - Nicki Minaj** I Won't Give Up, I'm Yours – Jason Mraz** Happy - Pharrell Williams** Eye of the Tiger - SurvivorWant a song that's not yet available? Suggest songs on Smule'sFacebook page: www.facebook.com/smuleWant a song that's not yet available? Suggest songs on Smule'sFacebook page: www.facebook.com/smuleCONNECTING THE WORLD THROUGH MUSIC™ - JOIN THE KARAOKE PARTYFind and follow your friends in Sing!, and meet incredible singersfrom all over the world. Sing your heart out on Solo songs, or joinup with others in Duets or Group songs. Keep up with your friendsand favorite singers, and love and comment on performances to showyour support.BE DISCOVERED! GET FANS!Lots of talents get discovered through our Sing! Karaoke platform.Show off your talent in front of 50M+ global audience and getfansSOUND LIKE A STARSound amazing every time with Sing!'s voice enhancement technology.Use special voice filters to spice up your performance even more.Sing! is a supportive, joyful community where music-making at alllevels is encouraged and appreciated.http://www.smule.comhttp://plus.google.com/+smulehttp://www.facebook.com/smulehttp://www.youtube.com/smulehttp://www.twitter.com/smuleHave questions on a particular permission?http://www.smule.com/support/sing#android
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RENTO is free business game. It is similar tooriginal game, but it has a slightly different rules.Trade lands, build houses, win auctions and most importantly - havefun. If you like Ludo or family dice games - you will like Rentotoo :)The game is live MULTIPLAYER so you can play with your friends andfamily remotely and also you can play versus players on ourhttp://BoardGamesOnline.Net website.You can play the game in 4 modes:-ONLINE (vs real people live)-SOLO (versus AI robots)-BLUETOOTH multiplayer with up to 4 players-Pass 'N Play (Pass the same device to others)Enjoy the first and only true online multiplayer business game inthe market.*** Please play on solid WiFi connection to avoid connectionproblems ***
Backgammon Live: Free & Online 2.9.835 APK
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Porcelana, the world's finest cocoa, has been a passion for Domori since 1994. Work to protect the heirloom Porcelana has paid off for them with the grafting on their own estate, Hacienda San Jose in Venezuela. This extra fine chocolate holds notes of bread, butter and jam with an exalted smoothness.
Read more about Porcelana chocolate
Porcelana chocolate may contain traces of nut, gluten and dairy.
Nutritional Facts per 100g:
Energy 554kCal / 2304.0KJ
Fat 37.0g of which saturated fat 14.0g
Carbohydrate 42.0g of which sugars 29.0g
Fibre 8.5g
Protein 9.0g
Salt 0.14g
Posted Wed 2 Mar 2011 12.57pm by Benjy
I think this bar tastes must nicer than the description but I do kind of get it as the chocolate does have a fruity sweetness and nice and creamy texture too. I got a little spice from it too and found it much to my personal taste - to help others determine. I like fruity dark chocolates with some acidity and whilst the acidity in this particular bar is quite low it balances really well. I am trying all the Domori chocoalte bars as a was given a gift voucher for my birthday from my wife - its been really interesting and quite a revelation to find that some cocoa is rare and that bars have all these different characters. They certainly do and I am finding my favourites. Fantastic website by the way. Certainly specialist stuff.
Posted Thu 24 May 2012 9.31pm by Liz
Funnily enough it does taste of butter & jam. Not as exquisite as the Amedei Porcelana. Thankfully a 25g bar so no chance of binging on it!
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It is our intention that product reviews should be constructive, balanced and for the sole purpose of helping other customers to decide which chocolates best suit their taste, or intended recipients taste. For the enjoyment and helpfulness to all customers the reviews are moderated.
Amedei Venezuela, 70% dark chocolate barFrom £4.50
Amedei Chuao, 70% dark chocolate barFrom £6.95
Amedei Chuao, 70% dark chocolate neapolitansFrom £9.95
Porcelana, 70% dark chocolate neapolitansFrom £10.95
Amedei Porcelana, 70% dark chocolate barFrom £9.95
Pralus Chuao, 75% dark chocolate barFrom £5.45
Pralus Venezuela, 75% dark chocolate barFrom £4.85
Domori, Porcelana 70% dark chocolate barFrom £3.95
Domori, Puertomar 75% dark chocolate barFrom £3.95
El Pedregal, single estate, 64% dark chocolate barFrom £5.95
Willie's Venezuelan Black Carenero Superior 100% cocoaFrom £6.45
Willie's, Milk of the Gods, 44% milk chocolate barFrom £1.90
Willie's El Blanco white chocolate barFrom £1.90
Valrhona Araguani, 72% dark chocolate barFrom £3.85
Willie's Milk chocolate with sea salt barFrom £1.90
Bonnat, Porcelana, 75% dark chocolate barFrom £8.95
Doble & Bignall, Raven, Puerto Cabello Beans, 72% dark chocolate barFrom £4.35
Doble & Bignall, Tawny Owl, Puerto Cabello Beans, 50% Milk chocolate barFrom £4.35
Willie's, Pure Gold, 100% dark chocolate barFrom £1.90
Bonnat, Chuao village, 75% dark chocolate barFrom £8.75
Chocolate Tree, Venezuela Porcelana, 85% dark chocolate barFrom £5.95
Domori, Arriba Hacienda Victoria 70% dark chocolate barFrom £2.85
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Our Remanufactured Lexmark 12015SA, 12015HY Toner Cartridge will meet or exceed OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) specifications and high standards of quality and reliability for your Lexmark E120. Designed to be 100% compatible and interchangeable with OEM cartridges.
Using our compatible cartridge does not void the Printer Warranty. All our cartridges are tested to the highest degree and only the very highest quality parts used in our production process. 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed or your money back.
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Beta glucan is a natural compound, extracted from plants, that helps to maintain a youthful appearance for skin. This compound works indirectly in the human immune system by activating the production of an important part of the immune system called the Langerhan cells. The Langerhan cells are important both for over-all health and youthful looking skin, since they protect the body from major infections and provide a way to repair the day-to-day wear that comes from age. Unfortunately, over the course of aging, the production of Langerhan cells is slowed down by such factors as over-exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays, contact with chemicals and the simple wear and tear of age. As the human body begins to slow down the production of these very important immune cells, beta glucan acts to re-start the system that creates them. This system works in three stages: an activating compound - beta glucan - the immune cell and the reaction of the skin's cells that make up tissues to help your skin look smooth, healthy and youthful.
There are a variety of sources for beta glucan. Most commonly, in skin care products, it is derived from the cell walls of baker's yeast (Saccharmoyces cerevisiae), but beta glucan can also be extracted from the bran (the inner, most nutritious part of the seed) of oats, barley, rye and wheat. Beta glucan is, oddly enough, also a product of the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). Looked at chemically, beta glucan is made up of a long chain of d-glucose molecules, which are small enough to be quickly absorbed through the skin and which can be immediately used by the human body. This is important because, in medical terms, this means that beta glucan is both bioavailable and bioactive. This makes the compound able to be easily absorbed, so it can get right to work, and be quickly accepted by the body's immune system so it can make a difference.
For thousands of years, folk medicine healers had recognized that rubbing a paste, called a poultice, made of oat bran onto the skin helped to relieve itching and pain and to help more quickly heal minor wounds, such as cuts, sores and rashes. Even without understanding the process, the results were obvious. Modern medicine has identified the connections regarding active compound - beta glucan - and what it actually is: how it works and what it does. The chemical structure of beta glucan allows it to interact with a specific type of microphages (immune cells) called Langerhans cells. (Confusingly, there are other cells with a similar name, called the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, but these have an entirely different function.) The part of the immune system called Langerhans cells are a very specific type of cell located in the skin tissues and mucus. They provide an extremely important function by activating microbial antigens, the actual germ-killers. So, beta glucan is the key and the Langerhans cells are the factories that create the cells which actually do the work of protecting the body.
When applied topically, beta glucan is quickly absorbed into the skin and is accepted by the immune system, starting a process that attacks invading bacteria and viruses. By using skin care products which contain beta glucan, the body receives this necessary compound to jump-start the process which results in the production of immune cells. More than just helping to stimulate the production of immune cells, beta glucan has also been found to be effective in reducing blood cholesterol concentration and in reducing nasal inflammation caused by allergies.
In practical terms for human skin, beta glucan begins a process which will help heal skin from over-exposure to the sun, mild burns, rashes and even cuts and wounds. It not only helps the body's immune system active and able to resist bacterial and viral infection, it also helps to stimulate the skin tissue to re-build surface cells and to restore the collagen structure. Fresh, youthful skin cells are grown while the supporting structural cells are also continually maintained. Beta glucan is an immune system guardian;it works at such a basic and important level - and in a completely natural way - that it provides the best and most basic skin care protection.


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The Financial Accounts (formerly known as the Flow of Funds accounts) are a set of financial accounts used to track the sources and uses of funds by sector. They are a component of a system of macroeconomic accounts including the National Income and Product accounts (NIPA) and balance of payments accounts, all of which serve as a comprehensive set of information on the economy's performance.(1) Some important inferences that can be drawn from the Financial accounts are the financial strength of a given sector, new economic trends, changes in the composition of wealth, and development of new financial instruments over time.(1) Read More
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