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Brazil Population: 201,009,622521,586 VISITORS FROM HERE!
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|Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil underwent more than a half century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power and a regional leader, one of the first in the area to begin an economic recovery. Highly unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems.
Largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador
|Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 8,514,877 sq km
land: 8,459,417 sq km
water: 55,460 sq km
note: includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo
Size comparison: slightly smaller than the US
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 16,885 km
border countries: Argentina 1,261 km, Bolivia 3,423 km, Colombia 1,644 km, French Guiana 730 km, Guyana 1,606 km, Paraguay 1,365 km, Peru 2,995 km, Suriname 593 km, Uruguay 1,068 km, Venezuela 2,200 km
|7,491 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin
|mostly tropical, but temperate in south
|mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico da Neblina 2,994 m
|Natural resources:
|bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber
|Land use:
| arable land: 8.45%
permanent crops: 0.83%
other: 90.72% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|54,000 sq km (2011)
|Natural hazards:
|recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south
|Current Environment Issues:
|deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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| noun: Brazilian(s)
adjective: Brazilian
|Ethnic groups:
|white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000 census)
|Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language) note: less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor Amerindian languages
|Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/Voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% (2000 census)
|201,009,622 (July 2013 est.) (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 24.2% (male 24,814,906/female 23,879,697)
15-24 years: 16.7% (male 16,982,245/female 16,513,161)
25-54 years: 43.6% (male 43,396,927/female 44,170,680)
55-64 years: 8.2% (male 7,792,041/female 8,736,359)
65 years and over: 7.3% (male 6,250,580/female 8,473,026) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 46.2 %
youth dependency ratio: 35.2 %
elderly dependency ratio: 11 %
potential support ratio: 9.1 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 30.3 years
male: 29.5 years
female: 31.1 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|0.83% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|14.97 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|6.51 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 87% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|Sao Paulo 19.96 million; Rio de Janeiro 11.836 million; Belo Horizonte 5.736 million; Porto Alegre 4.034 million; BRASILIA (capital) 3.813 million (2011)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|56 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 19.83 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 73.02 years
male: 69.48 years
female: 76.74 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.81 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|80.3% (2006)
|Health expenditures:
|9% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|1.72 physicians/1,000 population (2007)
|Hospital bed density:
|2.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 85% of population
total: 98% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 15% of population
total: 2% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 85% of population
rural: 44% of population
total: 79% of population
urban: 15% of population
rural: 56% of population
total: 21% of population (2010 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|18.8% (2008)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|2.2% (2007)
|Education expenditures:
|5.6% of GDP (2009)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90.4%
male: 90.1%
female: 90.7% (2010 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2005)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 17.8%
male: 13.9%
female: 23.1% (2009)
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|Country name:
| conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil
conventional short form: Brazil
local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil
local short form: Brasil
|Government type:
|federal republic
| name: Brasilia
geographic coordinates: 15 47 S, 47 55 W
time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins third Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in February
note: Brazil is divided into three time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands
|Administrative divisions:
|26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins
|7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 7 September (1822)
|5 October 1988
|Legal system:
|civil law; note - a new civil law code was enacted in 2002 replacing the 1916 code
|voluntary between 16 to under 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory 18 to 70 years of age; note - military conscripts do not vote by law
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Dilma ROUSSEFF (since 1 January 2011); Vice President Michel TEMER (since 1 January 2011); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Dilma ROUSSEFF (since 1 January 2011); Vice President Michel TEMER (since 1 January 2011)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single four-year term; election last held on 3 October 2010 with runoff on 31 October 2010 (next to be held on 5 October 2014 and, if necessary, a runoff election on 2 November 2014)
election results: Dilma ROUSSEFF (PT) elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote - Dilma ROUSSEFF 56.01%, Jose SERRA (PSDB) 43.99%
|Legislative branch:
| bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3 members from each state and federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third and two-thirds of members elected every four years, alternately) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: Federal Senate - last held on 3 October 2010 for two-thirds of the Senate (next to be held in October 2014 for one-third of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 3 October 2010 (next to be held in October 2014)
election results: Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 20, PT 13, PSDB 10, DEM (formerly PFL) 7, PTdoB 6, PP 5, PDT 4, PR 4, PSB 4, PPS 1, PRB 1, other 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PT 87, PMDB 80, PSDB 53, DEM (formerly PFL) 43, PP 41, PR 41, PSB 34, PDT 28, PTdoB 21, PSC 17, PCdoB 15, PV 15, PPS 12, other 26
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Federal Court (consists of 11 justices) judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president and approved by the Federal Senate; justices appointed to serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
subordinate courts: Federal Appeals Court, Superior Court of Justice, Superior Electoral Court, regional federal courts; state court system
|Political parties and leaders:
|Brazilian Communist Party or PCB [Ivan Martins PINHEIRO] Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Valdir RAUPP, acting] Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Benito GAMA, acting] Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz] Brazilian Republican Party or PRB [Marcos Antonio PEREIRA] Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Sergio GUERRA] Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Eduardo CAMPOS] Christian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel TOURINHO] Christian Social Democratic Party or PSDC [Jose Maria EYMAEL] Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Jose Renato RABELO] Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos Roberto LUPI] the Democrats or DEM [Jose AGRIPINO] (formerly Liberal Front Party or PFL) Free Homeland Party or PPL [Sergio Rubens de Araujo TORRES] Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz PENNA] Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS [Eduardo Machado e Silva RODRIGUES] Labor Party of Brazil or PTB [Luis Henrique de Oliveira RESENDE] National Ecologic Party or PEN [Adilson Barroso OLIVEIRA] National Labor Party or PTN [Jose Masci de ABREU] National Mobilization Party or PMN [Oscar Noronha FILHO] Party of the Republic or PR [Alfredo NASCIMENTO] Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Roberto Joao PEREIRA FREIRE] Progressive Party or PP [Francisco DORNELLES] Progressive Republican Party or PRP [Ovasco Roma Altimari RESENDE] Social Christian Party or PSC [Vitor Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS] Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democratico) or PSD [Gilberto KASSAB] Social Liberal Party or PSL [Luciano Caldas BIVAR] Socialism and Freedom Party (Partido Socialismo e Liberdade) or PSOL [Ivan VALENTE] United Socialist Workers' Party or PSTU [Jose Maria DE ALMEIDA] Workers' Cause Party or PCO [Rui Costa PIMENTA] Workers' Party or PT [Rui FALCAO]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Landless Workers' Movement or MST other: industrial federations; labor unions and federations; large farmers' associations; religious groups including evangelical Christian churches and the Catholic Church
|International organization participation:
|AfDB (nonregional member), BIS, BRICS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, CPLP, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OECD (Enhanced Engagement, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|Southern Cross constellation
|National anthem:
| name: "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (Brazilian National Anthem)
lyrics/music: Joaquim Osorio Duque ESTRADA/Francisco Manoel DA SILVA
note: music adopted 1890, lyrics adopted 1922; the anthem's music, composed in 1822, was used unofficially for many years before it was adopted
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Mauro Luiz Iecker VIEIRA
chancery: 3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 238-2805
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas A. SHANNON
embassy: Avenida das Nacoes, Quadra 801, Lote 3, Distrito Federal Cep 70403-900, Brasilia
mailing address: Unit 7500, DPO, AA 34030
telephone: [55] (61) 3312-7000
consulate(s) general: Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo consulate(s): Recife
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Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries, and Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets. Since 2003, Brazil has steadily improved its macroeconomic stability, building up foreign reserves, and reducing its debt profile by shifting its debt burden toward real denominated and domestically held instruments. In 2008, Brazil became a net external creditor and two ratings agencies awarded investment grade status to its debt. After strong growth in 2007 and 2008, the onset of the global financial crisis hit Brazil in 2008. Brazil experienced two quarters of recession, as global demand for Brazil's commodity-based exports dwindled and external credit dried up. However, Brazil was one of the first emerging markets to begin a recovery. In 2010, consumer and investor confidence revived and GDP growth reached 7.5%, the highest growth rate in the past 25 years. Rising inflation led the authorities to take measures to cool the economy; these actions and the deteriorating international economic situation slowed growth to 2.7% in 2011, and 1.3% in 2012. Unemployment is at historic lows and Brazil's traditionally high level of income inequality has declined for each of the last 14 years. Brazil's historically high interest rates have made it an attractive destination for foreign investors. Large capital inflows over the past several years have contributed to the appreciation of the currency, hurting the competitiveness of Brazilian manufacturing and leading the government to intervene in foreign exchange markets and raise taxes on some foreign capital inflows. President Dilma ROUSSEFF has retained the previous administration's commitment to inflation targeting by the central bank, a floating exchange rate, and fiscal restraint. In an effort to boost growth, in 2012 the administration implemented a somewhat more expansionary monetary policy that has failed to stimulate much growth.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $2.394 trillion (2012 est.) $2.374 trillion (2011 est.) $2.31 trillion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $2.396 trillion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|0.9% (2012 est.) 2.7% (2011 est.) 7.5% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $12,100 (2012 est.) $12,100 (2011 est.) $11,900 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|15.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 17.6% of GDP (2011 est.) 18% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 62.3%
government consumption: 21.5%
investment in fixed capital: 18.1%
investment in inventories: -0.5%
exports of goods and services: 12.6%
imports of goods and services: -14% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 62.3%
government consumption: 21.5%
investment in fixed capital: 18.1%
investment in inventories: -0.5%
exports of goods and services: 12.6%
imports of goods and services: -14% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef
|textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment
|Industrial production growth rate:
|-0.8% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|106.3 million (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 15.7%
industry: 13.3%
services: 71% (2011 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|5.5% (2012 est.) 6% (2011 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
| 21.4%
note: official Brazilian data show 4.2% of the population being below the "extreme" poverty line in 2011 (2009 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 0.8%
highest 10%: 42.9% (2009 est.)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|51.9 (2012) 55.3 (2001)
| revenues: $875.5 billion
expenditures: $822.1 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|36.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|58.8% of GDP (2012 est.) 54.2% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.4% (2012 est.) 6.6% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$65.13 billion (2012 est.) -$52.48 billion (2011 est.)
|$242.6 billion (2012 est.) $256 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos
|Exports - partners:
|China 17%, US 11.1%, Argentina 7.4%, Netherlands 6.2% (2012)
|$223.2 billion (2012 est.) $226.2 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics
|Imports - partners:
|China 15.4%, US 14.7%, Argentina 7.4%, Germany 6.4%, South Korea 4.1% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$373.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $352 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$428.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $404.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$609.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $544.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$182 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $184.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$1.229 trillion (31 December 2011) $1.546 trillion (31 December 2010) $1.167 trillion (31 December 2009)
|Exchange rates:
|reals (BRL) per US dollar - 1.9546 (2012 est.) 1.675 (2011 est.) 1.7592 (2010 est.) 2 (2009) 1.8644 (2008)
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|Electricity - production:
|489.5 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 10
|Electricity - consumption:
|438.3 billion kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|1.257 billion kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|36.63 billion kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|106.2 million kW (2010 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|17.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|1.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|74.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|6.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|2.633 million bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|533,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|412,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|26 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|2.008 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|2.594 million bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|164,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|325,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|24.07 billion cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|26.7 billion cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|12.6 billion cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|416.9 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|453.9 million Mt (2010 est.)
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|Telephones in use:
| 43.026 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 6
|Cellular Phones in use:
|244.358 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: good working system including an extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 64 earth stations
domestic: fixed-line connections have remained relatively stable in recent years and stand at about 20 per 100 persons; less expensive mobile-cellular technology has been a major driver in expanding telephone service to the lower-income segments of the population with mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 120 per 100 persons
international: country code - 55; landing point for a number of submarine cables, including Americas-1, Americas-2, Atlantis-2, GlobeNet, South America-1, South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus, and UNISUR that provide direct connectivity to South and Central America, the Caribbean, the US, Africa, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station (2011)
|Broadcast media:
|state-run Radiobras operates a radio and a TV network; more than 1,000 radio stations and more than 100 TV channels operating - mostly privately owned; private media ownership highly concentrated (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|26.577 million (2012)
|Internet users:
|75.982 million (2009)
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| 4,093 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 2
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 698
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 27
1,524 to 2,437 m: 179
914 to 1,523 m: 436
under 914 m: 49 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 3,395
1,524 to 2,437 m: 92
914 to 1,523 m: 1,619
under 914 m: 1,684 (2013)
|13 (2013)
|condensate/gas 251 km; gas 17,312 km; liquid petroleum gas 352 km; oil 4,831 km; refined products 4,722 km (2013)
| total 28,538 km
broad gauge: 5,627 km 1.600-m gauge (467 km electrified) standard gauge: 194 km 1.440-m gauge
narrow gauge: 22,717 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)
| total 1,580,964 km
paved: 212,798 km
unpaved: 1,368,166 km
note: does not include urban roads (2010)
|50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population) (2012)
|Merchant marine:
| total 109
by type: bulk carrier 18, cargo 16, chemical tanker 7, container 13, liquefied gas 11, petroleum tanker 39, roll on/roll off 5
foreign-owned: 27 (Chile 1, Denmark 3, Germany 6, Greece 1, Norway 3, Spain 12, Turkey 1)
registered in other countries: 36 (Argentina 1, Bahamas 1, Ghana 1, Liberia 20, Marshall Islands 1, Panama 3, Singapore 9) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
| major seaport(s): Belem, Paranagua, Rio Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Sao Sebastiao, Tubarao
river port(s): Manaus (Amazon) dry bulk cargo port(s): Sepetiba ore terminal
container ports (TEUs): Santos (2,985,922), Itajai (983,985)(2011)
oil/gas terminal(s): DTSE/Gegua oil terminal, Ilha Grande (Gebig), Guaiba Island terminal, Guamare oil terminal
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|Military branches:
|Brazilian Army (Exercito Brasileiro, EB), Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil (MB), includes Naval Air and Marine Corps (Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais)), Brazilian Air Force (Forca Aerea Brasileira, FAB) (2011)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18-45 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 9-12 months; 17-45 years of age for voluntary service; an increasing percentage of the ranks are "long-service" volunteer professionals; women were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in early 1980s when the Brazilian Army became the first army in South America to accept women into career ranks; women serve in Navy and Air Force only in Women's Reserve Corps (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 53,350,703
females age 16-49: 53,433,918 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 38,993,989
females age 16-49: 44,841,661 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 1,733,168
female: 1,672,477 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|1.3% of GDP (2012)
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|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|uncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; smuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil border; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Brazil's border region with Venezuela
|Illicit drugs:
|second-largest consumer of cocaine in the world; illicit producer of cannabis; trace amounts of coca cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe; also used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics proceeds are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area (2008)
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Below is a list of all parts for the Frigidaire Dishwasher FDB750RCC1. To find the repair part you need, you can browse the list below or you can narrow your choices by searching for a part by name or description.
This gasket goes on the bottom of the dishwasher door.
The gasket provides a waterproof seal between the tub and the door.
This dishrack includes the wheels.
This water inlet valve should be located behind the lower kickplate panel in either the right or left corner. The attaching solenoids on the valve open and close according to the desired amount of water needed.
This nut is sold individually. It is used to install the heating element.
This spray arm is located on the lower half of your dishwasher. Water is forced through this spray arm by the unit's pump and motor assembly. The force of the water propels the spr...
The drain hose connects to the pump located below the lower spray arm. It aids in proper dishwasher drainage. Size: 7.5 feet long
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The manufacturer has redesigned this part and it may appear different than the original, but will have the same functionality.
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This door strike is mounted to the top of the dishwasher cabinet. This part catches the door handle to keep it closed.
The pump ejects the water from the dishwasher.
This plastic cover and stem assembly helps hold the lower spray arm in place.
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Members of PHA Japan at their first patient conference
The international network of pulmonary hypertension associations is steadily growing. As it does, patients, their families, and their medical professionals benefit from improved access to support and information. Associations throughout the world affect legislation and access to treatments, drive research, and motivate positive change.
To encourage the development of international associations, the Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA) offers a limited number of International Seed Grants of up to $10,000USD to PH associations outside the U.S. with non-profit status that propose projects that will help strengthen the group and achieve its goals.
In making these grants available, PHA enables associations to:
All associations that receive grants are expected to report on their experiences once every six months for the duration of funding and again at the completion of their projects. These reports are shared on PHA's website as a best practices resource for the international community, showing how projects are accomplished and what the value of those projects might be for other associations.
Seed grants are awarded to emerging and developing PH associations outside the United States. To be eligible, these associations must meet the following criteria.
PHA is grateful to Pfizer, Inc., for supporting the development of international PH associations by providing the unrestricted educational grant that makes the International Seed Grant program possible.
Interested associations can apply online or contact PHA's International Department at email@example.com. You will receive a packet of application materials and you will be asked to submit the following:
Completed applications and all attachments should be submitted to PHA by mail, email or fax:
Apply Online
To mail, email or fax, you may use this printable application (PDF). Download and fill it out then print, or print it and fill it out by hand.
MailAttn: International Services ManagerPulmonary Hypertension Association801 Roeder Road, Ste 1000Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
FaxAttn: International Services Manager301-565-3994
You will be notified when your proposal has been received.
International Seed Grant applications are received and considered on a rolling basis as they are submitted. Applications are reviewed by the International Seed Grant Review Committee within 30 days of receipt to ensure compliance with all necessary guidelines and procedures. Applications are accepted on a first-come, first-serve basis and are reviewed as long as funding is available.
The International Seed Grant Review Committee evaluates applications for the following:
The International Seed Grant program is also intended to educate developing organizations on applying for grants so that in the future those associations may use these skills when pursuing funding from other organizations, companies, and agencies. As such, in reviewing Seed Grant Applications, the Review Committee may choose one of the following categories of decision:
If your application is rejected, you may resubmit a fundamentally different proposal in accordance with the Committee Guidelines described above.
If your group's proposal is not selected and you choose not to reapply, PHA may still be available to work with your PH association to help you achieve the goals you laid out in your proposal.
Congratulations! Your hard work paid off and now you can put your program into action!
Before your organization can receive its funding, it will be asked to sign a Grant Agreement with PHA. This agreement assures that the funds are used appropriately. The Grant Agreement will be sent to you along with the final decision of the Committee.
Once your organization has been awarded a Seed Grant, you are expected to provide PHA with a written interim report every six months until the money has been spent, at which time you will be required to submit a final report. These reports should describe how the funds have been used and the progress made toward achieving the program's objectives. The report must comply with the terms of the grant outlined in the Grant Agreement. Interim and Final Report forms will be sent to you along with that agreement.
For optimal viewing of PHAssociation.org, please use a standards-compliant browser such as Google Chrome or Firefox.
The information provided on the PHA website is provided for general information only. It is not intended as legal, medical or other professional advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified professionals who are familiar with your individual needs. PHA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products or services.
801 Roeder Road, Ste. 1000, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Patient-to-Patient Support Line: email@example.com Privacy Policy Terms of Use Provide Feedback & Report Bugs
Designed by Matrix Group International, Inc.® | © 2017 Pulmonary Hypertension Association. All Rights Reserved.
The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) awarded PHA the Abbey S. Meyers Leadership Award in 2012 for outstanding service to PHA members in advocacy, education and other key areas.


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Questions to ask when choosingyour PH doctor
The Find a Doctor Directory is meant to assist you in identifying doctors with expertise and resources to diagnose and manage pulmonary hypertension. PHA encourages patients to seek care from doctors with experience and expertise in PH.
We provide this information as a service to patients and do not specifically endorse any individual physician. All information has been provided by the doctors so you can make your own assessment of their qualifications. All doctors on the list are members of the Pulmonary Hypertension Clinicians and Researchers (PHCR), PHA's membership network for physicians and researchers.
Parents: Find a PH Pediatrician
You can select multiple search criteria. To view all results, do not fill in a specific search criteria and click "Search." After you click "Search," scroll down for your search results.
Current PHCR members:Update your profile
Lapsed members:Renew your membership
Not a member:Join PH Clinicians and Researchers
For optimal viewing of PHAssociation.org, please use a standards-compliant browser such as Google Chrome or Firefox.
The information provided on the PHA website is provided for general information only. It is not intended as legal, medical or other professional advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified professionals who are familiar with your individual needs. PHA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products or services.
801 Roeder Road, Ste. 1000, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Patient-to-Patient Support Line: firstname.lastname@example.com Privacy Policy Terms of Use Provide Feedback & Report Bugs
Designed by Matrix Group International, Inc.® | © 2017 Pulmonary Hypertension Association. All Rights Reserved.
The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) awarded PHA the Abbey S. Meyers Leadership Award in 2012 for outstanding service to PHA members in advocacy, education and other key areas.


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Universal Fit
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Degauss Labs Dual Drivers
The 'love at first site' Degauss Labs Dual Drivers are our most natural, realistic sounding earphones, ever. Now you can take true stunning sound with you, wherever you go. Lows, mids, and highs are distinct and defined for accurate reproduction of all the details of your music. The metal dual driver housing are designed to fit your ear perfectly and isolate sound to produce a...


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Welcome back to our Friday Feature! The directions for Pattern Play can be found here. Please welcome Megan McHenry as our FQS staffer of the week!
Sweet Starlet Quilt Pattern by BasicGrey Quilt Patterns
The lucky winner is....
I could see this one in the new Tula Pink Salt Water colors, with the octopus print in the middle!
You have until Tuesday, January 1st to submit your comment and the winner will be announced Friday, January 4th, so be sure to come back to see if YOU are the winner!


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Web Stories
'Welcome to USG'
Posted March 6, 2013; 03:13 p.m.
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- Update your Flash Player.
New officers of Princeton's Undergraduate Student Government (USG) introduce themselves to the campus and call for active student involvement. Read more.
Video Closed Captions
SHAWON JACKSON: Hi, I'm Shawon I'm your USG President.
CARMINA MANCENON: I'm Carmina, I'm your USG Vice-President.
SHAWON JACKSON: And we wanted to take the time to share with you some of the core goals that we have for
this upcoming year. So our goals are centered
around a quote from Elie Wesel, "To lead
is to serve," and to fulfill that quote,
what we're doing is focusing our administration
on three main things. The first is about access,
making sure that you have access to all the
great resources on campus and to the great
projects that USG is doing. The second is
about accountability, making sure that we
update you on things that we're doing, putting
you on mailing lists, and really making sure
that we are efficient about our work. And
lastly, we want to focus on approachability,
so not just an organization that's open to
you, but being an organization that's fun
and an organization that you want to come
to. We really look forward to everything we
can get out of this year.
CARMINA MANCENON: One of the things I'm really excited about
this year is for the USG to connect every
student on campus and their own interest,
and really create a space for everyone to
feel at home on campus, whether that's through the Mental Health Initiative or creating ties
between the student body and community affairs.
And as Vice-President, my role is really centered
around internal affairs, and Shawon and I
are always talking about how excited we are
to have this really dynamic and bright USG
on board, and how many new ideas and exciting
projects are underway, and we're looking forward
to sharing things with you throughout the
SHAWON JACKSON: Thanks for taking the time to listen to our
core goals for this year, and definitely keep
reading those weekly emails from USG.
CARMINA MANCENON: But just in case you don't, feel free to
drop by the USG office in Frist anytime; sometimes,
we are here more than we are in our own room.
But if you don't have time to drop by, also
send us an email.
SHAWON JACKSON: We'd love to hear from you! Thanks for your
time, and have a great year!


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Zambia Population: 14,222,233NO VISITORS FROM HERE YET!
Back to Flag Counter Overview
|The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the [British] South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices, economic mismanagement and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his abrupt death in August 2008, he was succeeded by his vice president, Rupiah BANDA, who subsequently won a special presidential byelection in October 2008. Michael SATA was elected president in September 2011.
Landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe; Lake Kariba on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border forms the world's largest reservoir by volume (180 cu km; 43 cu mi)
|Southern Africa, east of Angola, south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 752,618 sq km
land: 743,398 sq km
water: 9,220 sq km
Size comparison: slightly larger than Texas
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 5,664 km
border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
|0 km (landlocked)
|Maritime claims:
|none (landlocked)
|tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
|mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m
highest point: unnamed elevation in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
|Natural resources:
|copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
|Land use:
| arable land: 4.52%
permanent crops: 0.05%
other: 95.44% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|1,559 sq km (2003)
|Natural hazards:
|periodic drought; tropical storms (November to April)
|Current Environment Issues:
|air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Zambian(s)
adjective: Zambian
|Ethnic groups:
|African 99.5% (includes Bemba, Tonga, Chewa, Lozi, Nsenga, Tumbuka, Ngoni, Lala, Kaonde, Lunda, and other African groups), other 0.5% (includes Europeans, Asians, and Americans) (2000 Census)
|11 Bantu languages (Bemba (official) 30.1%, Nyanja (official) 10.7%, Tonga (official) 10.6%, Lozi (official) 5.7%, Chewa 4.9%, Nsenga 3.4%, Tumbuka 2.5%, Lunda (official) 2.2%, Kaonde (official) 2%, Lala 2%, Luvale (official) 1.7%), English (official) 1.7%, other 22.5% (2000 Census)
|Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
|14,222,233 (July 2013 est.) note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 46.2% (male 3,300,339/female 3,271,389)
15-24 years: 20% (male 1,423,026/female 1,425,654)
25-54 years: 28.5% (male 2,042,023/female 2,009,511)
55-64 years: 2.9% (male 193,758/female 213,927)
65 years and over: 2.4% (male 147,705/female 194,901) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 97 %
youth dependency ratio: 91.8 %
elderly dependency ratio: 5.2 %
potential support ratio: 19.4 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 16.7 years
male: 16.5 years
female: 16.8 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|2.89% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|42.79 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|13.17 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-0.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 39.2% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 4.15% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|LUSAKA (capital) 1.413 million (2009)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|19.2 (2007 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|440 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 68.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 74.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 62.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 51.51 years
male: 49.93 years
female: 53.14 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|5.81 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|40.8% (2007)
|Health expenditures:
|5.9% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2006)
|Hospital bed density:
|2 beds/1,000 population (2010)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 87% of population
rural: 46% of population
total: 61% of population
urban: 13% of population
rural: 54% of population
total: 39% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 57% of population
rural: 43% of population
total: 48% of population
urban: 43% of population
rural: 57% of population
total: 52% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|13.5% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|980,000 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|45,000 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|3.6% (2008)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|14.9% (2007)
|Education expenditures:
|1.4% of GDP (2008)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write English
total population: 61.4%
male: 71.9%
female: 51.8% (2007 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 7 years
male: 8 years
female: 7 years (2000)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
|total: 23.4% (2005)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Republic of Zambia
conventional short form: Zambia
former: Northern Rhodesia
|Government type:
| name: Lusaka
geographic coordinates: 15 25 S, 28 17 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|10 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Muchinga, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
|24 October 1964 (from the UK)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
|24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits
|Legal system:
|mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Michael Chilufya SATA (since 23 September 2011); Vice President Guy SCOTT (since 30 September 2011); the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Michael Chilufya SATA (since 23 September 2011); Vice President Guy SCOTT (since 30 September 2011)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 September 2011 (next to be held in 2016); vice president appointed by the president
election results: Michael Chilufya SATA elected president; percent of vote - Michael SATA 43.3%, Rupiah BANDA 36.2%, Hakainde HICHILEMA 18.5%, other 2.0%
|Legislative branch:
| unicameral National Assembly (158 seats; 150 members are elected by popular vote, 8 members appointed by the president, to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 20 September 2011 (next to be held in 2016)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PF 60, MMD 55, UPND 28, ADD 1, FDD 1, independents 3; seats not determined 2
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president and ratified by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: High Court; magistrate's courts and local courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Alliance for Democracy and Development or ADD [Charles MILUPI] Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI] Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA] Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Nevers MUMBA] National Restoration Party or NAREP [Elias CHIPIMO] Party of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE] Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA] United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA] United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]
|International organization participation:
|ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|African fish eagle
|National anthem:
| name: "Lumbanyeni Zambia" (Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free)
lyrics/music: multiple/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA
note: adopted 1964; the melody, from the popular song "God Bless Africa," is the same as that of Tanzania but with different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Palan MULONDA
chancery: 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Mark C. STORELLA
embassy: Ibex Hill, Lusaka
mailing address: P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka
telephone: [260] (0) (211) 357-000
|^Back to Top
Zambia's economy has experienced strong growth in recent years, with real GDP growth in 2005-12 more than 6% per year. Privatization of government-owned copper mines in the 1990s relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly increased copper mining output and profitability to spur economic growth. Copper output has increased steadily since 2004, due to higher copper prices and foreign investment. In 2005, Zambia qualified for debt relief under the Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative, consisting of approximately US$6 billion in debt relief. Poverty remains a significant problem in Zambia, despite a stronger economy. Zambia's dependency on copper makes it vulnerable to depressed commodity prices, but record high copper prices and a bumper maize crop in 2010 helped Zambia rebound quickly from the world economic slowdown that began in 2008. Zambia has made some strides to improve the ease of doing business. A high birth rate, relatively high HIV/AIDS burden, and market distorting agricultural policies have meant that Zambia''s economic growth has not dramatically decreased the stubbornly high poverty rate.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $24.36 billion (2012 est.) $22.7 billion (2011 est.) $21.24 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $20.52 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|7.3% (2012 est.) 6.8% (2011 est.) 7.6% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $1,700 (2012 est.) $1,700 (2011 est.) $1,600 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|15.3% of GDP (2012 est.) 21% of GDP (2011 est.) 26.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 59.5%
government consumption: 26%
investment in fixed capital: 19.5%
investment in inventories: 1.1%
exports of goods and services: 36.6%
imports of goods and services: -42.7% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 59.5%
government consumption: 26%
investment in fixed capital: 19.5%
investment in inventories: 1.1%
exports of goods and services: 36.6%
imports of goods and services: -42.7% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), coffee; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides
|copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture
|Industrial production growth rate:
|4.9% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|5.956 million (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 85%
industry: 6%
services: 9% (2004)
|Unemployment rate:
|14% (2006 est.) 50% (2000 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|64% (2006)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 38.8% (2004)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|50.8 (2004) 52.6 (1998)
| revenues: $4.256 billion
expenditures: $5.256 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|20.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|33.1% of GDP (2012 est.) 29.6% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.6% (2012 est.) 8.7% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$1.048 billion (2012 est.) $215 million (2011 est.)
|$8.589 billion (2012 est.) $8.672 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|copper/cobalt, cobalt, electricity; tobacco, flowers, cotton
|Exports - partners:
|China 42.2%, South Africa 7.2%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 7.2%, South Korea 5.3%, India 4.5%, Egypt 4.5%, UAE 4.4% (2012)
|$7.361 billion (2012 est.) $6.454 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer, foodstuffs, clothing
|Imports - partners:
|South Africa 36.2%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 21.3%, China 10.1%, Kuwait 5.7% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$3.042 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $2.324 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$5.048 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $4.36 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$4.009 billion (31 December 2011) $2.817 billion (31 December 2010) $2.804 billion (31 December 2009)
|Exchange rates:
|Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar - 5.1 (2012 est.) 4.9 (2011 est.) 4,797.1 (2010 est.) 5,046.1 (2009) 3,512.9 (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|10.2 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 92
|Electricity - consumption:
|7.704 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|110 million kWh (2010)
|Electricity - imports:
|33 million kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|1.679 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|0.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|99.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|10,790 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|9,664 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|19,260 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|21.18 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|17,570 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|2.416 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 85,700 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 149
|Cellular Phones in use:
|8.165 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: among the best in sub-Saharan Africa
domestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation and network coverage is improving; domestic satellite system being installed to improve telephone service in rural areas; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms
international: country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 3 owned by Zamtel (2010)
|Broadcast media:
|state-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) operates 1 TV station and is the principal local-content provider; several private TV stations; multi-channel subscription TV services are available; ZNBC operates 3 radio networks; about 2 dozen private radio stations; relays of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Lusaka and Kitwe (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|16,571 (2012)
|Internet users:
|816,200 (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 88 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 63
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 8
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 80
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 53
under 914 m: 21 (2013)
|oil 771 km (2013)
| total 2,157 km
narrow gauge: 2,157 km 1.067-m gauge
note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2008)
| total 91,440 km
paved: 20,117 km
unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)
|2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Zambia Army, Zambia Air Force, National Service (paramilitary youth organization) (2012)
|Military service age and obligation:
|national registration required at age 16; 18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); no conscription; Zambian citizenship required; grade 12 certification required; mandatory HIV testing on enlistment; mandatory retirement for officers at age 65 (Army, Air Force) (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 3,041,069
females age 16-49: 2,948,291 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 1,745,656
females age 16-49: 1,688,670 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 158,592
female: 158,805 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|1.8% of GDP (2012)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
|refugees (country of origin): 14,871 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 5,963 (Rwanda) (2012)
|Illicit drugs:
|transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of cannabis
|^Back to Top
Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Freshman Jesse Young provides a tour of Butler College as part of this video highlighting the variety of dormitory options in Princeton University's six residential colleges. The video features not only the students' living spaces, but also some of the options available for studying, dining and socializing in Princeton's residential colleges.
Video stills by Evelyn Tu
Web Stories
Video feature: 'Welcome to My Dorm!'
Posted April 25, 2012; 12:00 p.m.
Some of Princeton University's most distinctive characteristics are the close-knit residential community and the variety of dormitory options in the six residential colleges. Each architecturally diverse college is made up of dormitory halls and a range of facilities, including a main dining hall, libraries, common rooms, and arts and entertainment resources. Student living areas range from single rooms to suites, and each college has something that makes it unique.
Play the "Welcome to My Dorm!" video.
In this video, sophomore Linnea Paseiro gives a tour of her room and halls in Forbes College, which used to serve as a hotel, and Rohan Bhargava shows off Rockefeller College, which was built in the Collegiate Gothic style. Freshmen Jesse Young and Daniela Bartalini give a tour of the state-of-the-art rooms and facilities in Butler College.
Often, colleges will have a resource or space that can be shared among colleges. For example, Whitman College has a 65-seat theater space, while Butler College has a late-night self-service café called Studio 34. Through these spaces, the colleges provide students with an array of social experiences, from study breaks and performances to open mic nights and faculty dinner discussions.


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National Sculpture Prize and exhibition 2005
Winning entry
Macquarie Bank People's Choice Award
It is five years since the idea was first floated within Macquarie Bank to establish a national prize for outstanding Australian sculpture. The prevailing view at the time was that sculpture lacked the support and recognition it deserved. It was, in effect, the bridesmaid of the Australian arts.
Macquarie took the concept to the National Gallery of Australia which, to its enormous credit, acted quickly to turn it into reality. Within a year, the National Sculpture Prize and exhibition was born.
Few could have foreseen the remarkable impact this prize would have, not only on Australian sculpture but on the art scene generally. Much of that success can be attributed to Australia's sculptors, who entered the competition in unexpectedly large numbers. More than 480 entries were received for the inaugural Prize in 2001, while a record 636 artists entered works this year.
Sculptors have also embraced the unrestrictive entry conditions attached to the Prize, exploring the limits of their imagination and a diverse range of materials to produce truly innovative sculpture. Artists have used everything from bush turkey feathers to the air we breathe to bring their works to life.
Their contributions have been enjoyed by an appreciative public, making the National Sculpture Prize exhibition one of the National Gallery of Australia's most popular. Selected pieces are also displayed in public areas of several Macquarie Bank offices, where they attract many visitors. Clearly, the viewing public is keen to embrace sculpture as a uniquely expressive art form.
There is no doubt that the National Sculpture Prize and exhibition has given new prominence to Australian sculpture. In addition, it has initiated many other lucrative prizes, further expanding its scope and dimension, and ensuring sculpture receives the recognition it deserves.
Most importantly, the Prize has given valuable exposure to Australia's most talented sculptors, both emerging and established, and provided a strong platform on which to build their careers. Ah Xian, the Prize's winner in 2001, has exhibited his work in New York, while 2003 winner Lisa Roet is due to have the first monograph on her work published this year. Timothy Horn, a finalist in 2001 now has a commercial gallery representing his work in San Francisco, while Alwin Reamillo and Roselin Eaton's 2003 entry, Jandamarra crossing project, is now on permanent display at the Western Australian Museum in Perth. For many entrants being named as a finalist has marked the first major recognition of their work.
I would like to congratulate all of the finalists whose work has been selected for exhibition in 2005 and wish them all the best.
I also thank the National Gallery of Australia and its Director, Ron Radford, for the strong support and commitment that he and his staff have given the National Sculpture Prize and exhibition.
I hope you enjoy the exhibition.
David Clarke
Executive Chairman, Macquarie Bank
Launched in 2000, the National Sculpture Prize set out to raise the profile of sculpture in Australia. Looking back it is gratifying to see that it has indeed achieved its aim and sculpture, in all its contemporary manifestations, is currently enjoying unprecedented visibility and recognition.
The three Prizes – held in 2001, 2003 and 2005 – have included an extra-ordinary range of works by a total of eighty-three artists from around Australia. The Prize has introduced emerging artists to a national audience and has exhibited their works alongside those of Australia's leading sculptors. It has provided a vital forum in which artists have presented major new works – in some instances ambitious undertakings that would not have been realised without the stimulation of the Prize. With each exhibition there has been an associated program of public talks by artists and curators, extending the understanding and enjoyment of this art form amongst the wider community. The Gallery has forged lasting relationships with artists around the country and works from each Prize have been acquired for the national collection.
The National Gallery of Australia is proud to present the third National Sculpture Prize and exhibition. This event signals the Gallery's commitment to exhibiting contemporary Australian art and this year's exhibition will be the largest to date, featuring works by thirty-nine artists, and extending throughout the Gallery's temporary exhibitions wing.
Over the past five years the National Gallery of Australia and Macquarie Bank have worked closely together in the presentation of the Prize. I thank Macquarie Bank for their generous and enthusiastic involvement with the National Galley of Australia, and for their initiative in extending the reach of the Prize by touring selected works nationally. The partnership between the National Gallery of Australia and Macquarie Bank has already achieved much, and I look forward to the continuation of this relationship into the future.
I would also like to thank International Art Services for their ongoing support of the National Sculpture Prize by again offering participating artists a generous discount on the cost of transporting their works.
I thank my fellow judges for the commitment and expertise that they have brought to their task, selecting a stimulating and diverse exhibition from the 636 entries received this year.
The exhibition of contemporary sculpture is a complex undertaking and I acknowledge the professionalism and dedication of staff from across the Gallery who have contributed to this project, including coordinating curator Elena Taylor, project officer Kate Buckingham and exhibition manager Beatrice Gralton.
Most particularly I would like to congratulate all of the artists selected for the 2005 Prize, and to thank all of those who entered for their continued support of this event.
Ron Radford AM
Director, National Gallery of Australia
|NGA Home | Introduction | Search | Essay | Judges | Learning | Audio Tour | Visiting | Previous


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Use this alphabetical list of acronyms and abbreviations to help demystify the "PH-speak" you run across at the doctor's office, during support group meetings, and in PHA's online communities.
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