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In this weeks poll I want to know about your Troops annual planning session.
Your choices are: Totally on the Scouts, meaning the Scouts put together the annual plan and submit it to the Troop committee to receive the support to run the program. The PLC does the planning.
It's all about the Adults, meaning the Scouts just take what the adults decide. The PLC does not do the planning.
Lets go 50/50, meaning Adult input to the PLC and they split the planning responsibility.
As a primer, here is how our Troop handles the annual planning session. We start our planning at Summer camp. This is a great opportunity for the patrols to take a look at the previous year and get the most input from the patrol members. Sometime about mid-week at camp the PLC will meet and discuss the input from the patrols.
After summer camp the PLC will again sit down with all the calendars and look at months, dates, and locations from the next years plan. I sit in with them on this planning session to answer questions and offer advise when asked.
Once the PLC is satisfied they have a 12 month plan, they bounce it off me and then the SPL and I take the plan to the Troop committee.
The Troop committees job is to say "Great plan, lets support it" and that is what they do.
Our Senior Patrol Leader and the Patrol Leaders Council does the planning for the year. That is the way it is supposed to happen, this is their program. Having them plan their year gives them ownership, tests leadership, and then as the year unfolds and they understand the program, their monthly PLC meetings are better organized and the plan is executed by the Scouts.
It's not always pretty and often the planning is painful to some… but letting the Scouts run their Troop is the way Baden-Powell intended it.
"The more responsibility the Scoutmaster gives his
patrol leaders, the more they will respond."- Baden Powell
Have a Great Scouting Day!


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Credit for Prior Learning
Many students who participate in learning experiences outside the classroom wish to earn college credit for their work. Columbia College offers a number of ways students may earn such credit. CLEP tests, ACE credit and course test-outs are the preferred means because they require a theory-base for awarding credit, have national norms/criteria or both. If none of the above credit-awarding methods are an option, Columbia College awards credit for prior learning.
Before applying for credit for prior learning (CPL) credits, students must have completed 12 hours of Columbia College credit. Students also must have completed ENGL 111 and ENGL 112 or their equivalent with a grade of C or better. These credits, if taken at Columbia College, may be included in the 12-hour requirement.
Credit Award
Columbia College courses that offer CPL credit are generally applicable to degree requirements. A maximum of 15 credits of prior learning can be awarded. CPL is not awarded where college credit in a similar course has been earned. CPL credit does not count toward Columbia College residency.
Fields in which CPL is available:
- Accounting
- Art
- Biology
- Computer Science
- Criminal Justice
- Education
- Finance
- Management
- Marketing
Standards for Quality
CPL is evaluated using the following criteria:
- It has general applicability outside the specific situation in which it was acquired;
- It articulates theories, principles and general techniques;
- It has both a theoretical and practical understanding of the subject area;
- It may be assessed by a faculty expert;
- It is of college-level quality as determined by the faculty expert;
- It meets specific course objectives or competencies and has a relationship to degree aspirations or educational goals;
- The knowledge or skill represented as learning is current with that expected in the classroom/employment situation; and
- The level of confidence equals or exceeds what would normally be considered a C level of performance in the classroom.
Portfolio Assessment
Students seeking CPL must submit a portfolio of relevant information that describes the learning acquired in a specific course area. Portfolio contents are described thoroughly in the document linked below. An evaluation assessment fee of $75 per credit hour is required for each course submitted for review, payable upon submission of the portfolio.
Learn more and Apply
For more detailed information, the CPL forms and a list of courses for which CPL is available, download this printable CPL document.
If you have any questions, contact Jerry Patton, Assistant Dean for Adult Higher Education.

subset: commoncrawl


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For some of you, this is the beginning of a new endeavor and for others, this is a continuation of work you have already begun in the human service field. For all of you, we hope this endeavor reflects your values and ethics of wanting to promote social and economic justice and to contribute to the improvement of human well-being.
Students in the UConn School of Social Work MSW program are educated in micro and macro practice concentrations which focus on the strengths of individuals, families, groups, communities and organizations. Building on this foundation, the School's concentrations include specializations in Casework, Group Work, Community Organization, Policy Practice and Administration. With diversity in student, staff and faculty, the School is recognized as having strong programs dedicated to empowering students to recognize and challenge their stereotypes and prejudices while exploring the experiences of diverse social identities.
In addition to gaining knowledge and skills in practice interventions, the School offers unique opportunities to be involved in political social work, international social work, and dual degrees in law, public health, divinity and public administration. We invite you to join us in this mission and commitment. We look forward to welcoming you to the School community and the social work profession.
Ann Marie Garran, PhD
MSW Program Director and Associate Professor


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As we get into serious winter camping again for this season, we reinforce with our Youth leaders and other adult leaders some of the principles that make for a successful outing. In developing Youth leaders we put a lot on their shoulders and give them responsibilty. When they accept that responsibility it is then that we hold them accountable for leading. In doing this, they practice what they know, they show by their example that they can be trusted as a leader, and they Do the right thing.
Here is an outline of some of the Winter Leader skills training that we do within our Troop.
Winter Camping Leadership Tool box
Winter camping is like no other camping. It requires skills, smarts, and the right attitude. It also requires strong leadership. Leaders that accept responsibility and leaders that understand that the group comes before the individual.
Here are some items for a leader to have in his tool box for camping in the winter.
1. The right attitude. You must demonstrate a positive attitude in the winter. The people following you depend on it. As you go with you attitude, those that follow you will go.
2. Be an example of right. The leader must possess the skills and attitudes that make winter camping successful. The leader must demonstrate those skills and teach others to use them. The leader can not take short cuts and look the other way. The leader must set an example by doing the right thing.
3. Skills. There is a list of skills that make up a good winter camper. Here are some that the leader must use and teach.
Gear– use the right gear and use it properly. More importantly taking the right gear with you and packing it right. Every item in the pack or SECURED to the out side and covered with a pack cover.
Staying dry. – Wet kills in the winter.
In camp routines. Camp set up.
Getting in and out the tent without dragging snow in.
Storing gear. Everything stays packed unless needed.
Gathering and "Making" water.
Gathering fire wood and making the fire.
Setting up camp. Looking for best placement of tents/shelters. No widow makers. Building up snow walls. Cooking areas. Designated BIO area.
Anchoring of tents/shelters.
Morning routines. Get up and cook right away. Get things cleaned and stored. Pack un used gear. Hang anything that is damp to dry.
Cooking. Have a plan.
Store food in bags in order they will be eaten.
Repackage meals to reduce trash.
Hot meals always
3 good hot meals and lots of snacks.
Hot beverages
Clean up as you go and never leave dirty dishes laying around.
Pack it all out. Do not dump uneaten food in the snow.
Just because you can bury it does not mean it is right.
Monitor water use and stay ahead.
Watch fuel consumption. No flame without a pot on it. NO empty pots.
Don't be lazy. Cook and eat well.
Sleeping. Dry equals warm. Stay out of wind and wet and you will stay dry and warm. Open your sleeping bag as soon as your tent is set up. Get the loft going. Make sure to have insulation under you. Closed cell pads work great in the winter. An extra blanket works too when used with a pad. If nothing else your jacket should go between you and the pad or under your feet.
Your boots go in the tent and under your sleeping bag (foot end). Do not wear anything wet to bed. Change your socks and clothing before you go to bed if you are wet. ALWAYS change your socks before you get in your sleeping bag.
Avoid condensation in your sleeping bag. Wear a hat and keep your face out of the bag. Short guys. Fold unused portion of sleeping bag under you.
Take a trip to the pee tree before you go to bed. Relieve yourself and then get comfortable. You do not want to hold it till morning. You won't sleep and you won't stay warm.
4. Be a Good example. Yes, we say it twice. This will get you farther as a leader than anything else in the cold weather. If you do things right and maintain a positive attitude, those that follow you will to.
IMPORTANT. Leaders are responsible. You are the last ones in the sleeping bag after everyone is checked. You are the last ones to eat or eat before the rest. This way you can check, assist,and monitor the rest as they prepare and eat.
Leaders. You are the key to success. You have been given the responsibility to teach and coach. Use it.
Build your tool box. Fill it with those things that make you a great leader and you will be. Collective knowledge and a willingness to learn, practice, and share is the success of all leaders.
Have a Great Scouting Day!


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101domain offers bulk registration for most domain extensions. Bulk domain registration makes sense if you have multiple domain names that you need to register at once. ECO Ecology .eco bulk registration can be done with different domain names per ECO Ecology and domain extension .eco and all at the same time.
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text: Starrett 439-18 52110 Combination Tool, 18" Order #: 439-18 Mfg Part #: 52110 $479.00 USD Ships in 2-3 weeks Free shipping over $250 Qty: Add to Cart Add Items to Cart Add to Quote Request a Calibration Quote Transcat can calibrate your existing instruments. Request a Calibration Quote Rent From Transcat Do you need a test instrument for a short time? Request a Rental Quote click on image to view gallery image(s) View All Starrett Products Email Print Share Overview Overview : Product Highlights18". x Add to Cart Price: Actual Price:


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Among the activities planned for the 700 alumni expected to return to campus for the Oct. 22-24 "Coming Back and Moving Forward" conference is a screening of a documentary, "Looking Forward: Reflections of Black Princeton Alumni." The video, produced by Melvin McCray, a member of Princeton's class of 1974, is based on interviews from the 2006 conference, "Coming Back and Looking Forward." Ken Bruce (above), a member of the class of 1983 and a past president of the Association of Black Princeton Alumni, was one of those interviewed. During his time at Princeton, Bruce says, "I became more comfortable with taking responsibility for things that happened around me and to me."
Play an excerpt from Melvin McCray's documentary.
Images: Courtesy of Melvin McCray
Web Stories
700 expected for second black alumni conference
Posted October 22, 2009; 10:03 a.m.
More than 700 black Princeton alumni plan to return to campus for the "Coming Back and Moving Forward" conference Thursday through Saturday, Oct. 22-24.
The conference follows the University's first conference for black alumni, "Coming Back and Looking Forward," which in 2006 attracted the largest gathering of black alumni in the University's history with some 500 attendees.
In a letter to invitees, Princeton President Shirley M. Tilghman welcomed black alumni back to campus "to reflect on your experience at Princeton and explore the progress we have made since many of you gathered here three years ago for 'Coming Back and Looking Forward.' This fall's conference, 'Coming Back and Moving Forward,' builds on those conversations and highlights the steps we have taken to ensure that the study of race, the promotion of racial understanding and the empowerment of students and faculty of color are an essential part of what defines us as a University."
Debbie Scott Williams, a member of the class of 1984, says in the video, "Princeton has changed me for the better, to make me see that there are possibilities everywhere -- if you are willing to look for those, if you're willing to work for those."
This year's event, which is open only to invited guests, will feature discussions and panels with Princeton alumni, faculty and administrators. Topics will range from University-related matters such as student life, diversity efforts, alumni engagement and a conversation with Tilghman to broader subjects such as President Barack Obama and blackness in America, the U.S. financial crisis, the arts and entrepreneurship.
Keynote speakers will be Michael Eric Dyson, a prominent sociologist at Georgetown University, and Princeton professors Cornel West and Eddie Glaude of the Center for African American Studies. Dyson, West and Glaude all are Princeton graduate alumni. Faculty members from the Center for African American studies and other departments will lead academic discussions on literature, religion, education, science and technology, and contemporary African American life.
Monica Dweck, a member of the class of 1976 who works as a surgeon, also is featured in the documentary. "In my field, which is a very male field, which is a very white field, for me to be a woman of color at the time that I was entering medicine was unusual," she says. "To be a women of color to enter the specialty that I have chosen, I think Princeton has helped with all of that."
Melvin McCray, a member of Princeton's class of 1974, will screen his documentary, "Looking Forward: Reflections of Black Princeton Alumni," which is based on interviews from the 2006 conference. The video will be available for viewing online by next week.
Conference attendees also will interact with current students and celebrate the new home of the Fields Center for Equality and Cultural Understanding and Community House at 58 Prospect Ave. Entertainment will be provided by several student performance groups as well as alumni and faculty artists.
Portions of the conference will be taped and made available on the WebMedia site.
The conference was planned by the Office of the Alumni Association in consultation with alumni volunteer leaders, including those from the Association of Black Princeton Alumni.
The video also explores the history of African Americans at Princeton, including Carl Fields (at right), who came to Princeton in 1964 and was named the first African American dean in the Ivy League in 1968. The University's Third World Center was renamed in his honor in 2002.


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If you thought that Sony's recent PlayStation 4 unveiling would offer more concrete facts about the forthcoming uber-console, that's adorable. It's going to be a while until we know all of the details. When Nintendo announced the Wii U, the first presentation was vague to the point that many observers thought the Wii U was actually just a cool new controller for the Wii. Even after establishing that it was the next console, it was a year and change before we got certain specific details like price and release date, and technically we're still waiting on the official specs from Nintendo. So by those standards, Sony was an open book.
When dealing with any major announcement for technology, it helps to have a background in Shakespearean literature or something akin. Poetry goes a long way too. You need to be able to read between the lines and differentiate possibilities from promises. Sony knows this well. The PlayStation 3 held plenty of promises that – as Polygon's Chris Plante depressingly points out – Sony wasn't able to keep. Remember the promise of dual HD screen support? Probably not, because it never happened.
This is fairly common, but with so many eyes on Sony – and stock owners fidgeting nervously – the Japanese giant did its best to show its hand without overpromising. So with that in mind, we're revisiting Sony's announcement to take a closer look at what Sony did – and didn't – announce.
Streaming technology for the win
One of the lynchpins of the PlayStation 4 will be the streaming technology brought to us by Gaikai. Sony had enough confidence in Gaikai's new technology and infrastructure that it bought the company outright for $380 million. Poor OnLive, on the other hand, sold for just $4.8 million. There's probably a good joke in there somewhere, but it's just too depressing.
The streaming tech is going to define the PlayStation 4. It isn't just an app you'll find on the new console, it is an extension of the console itself. That means that, in theory, multiple devices will act as clients that can accept the streamy goodness. Take that one step further and the PS4 becomes more of a brand than a specific piece of hardware. Give it a few years and you could be making calls on your Sony phone then launch into a PS4 game on that same phone – assuming anyone actually buys a Sony phone. Maybe that's a bad example.
You will also be able to stream your own content. On the controller is a share button, which allows you to take pieces of your gameplay and post them online for your friends to see and comment on (and then most likely criticize and tell you how you did it wrong). It'll be fun. A partnership with Ustream will also allow you to basically run your own online show, with your gameplay being streamed and your image being broadcast via the PlayStation Eye 4 camera. There should be a pool on how long it takes someone to figure out the best way to abuse this technology.
Streaming also will be Sony's answer to backwards compatibility. The hardware of the PS4 is different enough that it won't be able to run a PS One, PS2, or PS3 game. Technically, there may be a way to run these games using an emulator, but why keep your dumb old games when you can buy those same games again, only streaming?!
It's a shame that the PS4 won't play backward-compatible games, but it is not in the least surprising. If the PS4 is your first Sony gaming console in a while, then you can still play those older games, just using a different delivery method. If still own a PS3, there is nothing stopping you from using that to play the library of PS3 games. It isn't like the systems are going to fight to the death. The PS4 won't eat your PS3. Granted, multiple systems can strangle your home entertainment center's real estate, but the PS3 will remain a good piece of hardware. It's still a Blu-ray player, of course, and you might as well run it into the ground before you start to wear down your shiny new PS4.
Downloads and you
While streaming is going to be the ketchup to the PS4's freedom fries, there will still be a huge emphasis on downloading content. It's neat to think that you'll soon be able to blow the minds of your less tech-savvy friends and family members (especially the older ones that are still convinced that the Internet is magic) by bringing up a game from your PS4 on your Sony tablet. But that doesn't mean downloads are going anywhere. People like to have access to the stuff they buy at any time regardless of an Internet connection; we like having the things we own. Go figure.
The console is even designed with downloads in mind. A standalone chip is specifically dedicated to downloading, which will let you skip over the inevitable years of updates we have in store. There should be trophies for downloads on the PS3, because so much of a PS3 owner's time is spent in mandatory downloads. Of all the similarities between the Wii U and the PS3, this is the one we could do without. With the PS4, that will all be handled in the background.
It will also make for faster gaming. Waiting is for suckers. Instead of buying a game online and having to waste whole minutes of our valuable time, you will be able to wait just a few moments and then start playing as the game continues to download in the background.
You will also be able to purchase PS4 games online to both stream and download, making it even less necessary to ever leave your home for any reason other than to earn money to buy more games. It's a vicious cycle, but it's also the obvious evolution of the distribution model.
But just to be clear, the PS4 will still play physical media. There will certainly be some games only available for download or streaming, but until physical media makes publishers zero dollars, there will still be physical media. Which means…
The PS4 will play used games! Maybe
There is a thin line between a press conference and a Lord of the Flies conclave, something Sony reps saw first hand as the question of whether or not the PS4 will play used games was asked. Constantly. And aggressively. We were no different when we spoke with the President of Sony Computer Entertainment Worldwide Studios, Shuhei Yoshida.
"When you purchase the disc-based games on PS4, that should work on any hardware," Yoshida confirmed.
That should settle the matter, right? Maybe. It seems clear enough from what Yoshida said, but this is where reading deeper is key. All he really confirms is that the system won't lock out any discs. That could still mean that you will need to log into your profile in order to unlock content. If someone else then tries to play that game, they may be taken to a screen offering them the easy option to buy the pass that will let them access certain features like, ya know… the game.
That's fairly unlikely, though. As much as Sony and most publishers despise used games, there would be riots if used games were blocked. Gamer blood would flow in the streets. It also would be a bad business move, as not only would it enrage the fanbase, it would stunt the growth of the industry in general. On top of that, Yoshida also confirmed that the PS4 wouldn't always need an Internet connection to work, so there would be no way to consistently authorize a game. Assuming Yoshida was speaking accurately (and it would require incredible testicular fortitude to stare down the assembled hordes of the gaming and tech press and lie to their faces – it's not like the guy is a politician), the games will work. Most online games, however, will almost certainly require an online pass, as is becoming the norm.
A new controller that is nothing like the Xbox 360 controller
We already spent a good deal of time speaking about this, but the DualShock 4 will replace the PS3's imaginatively named DualShock 3. It will look a bit more like an Xbox controller – although you would likely need to waterboard a Sony exec to get them to admit that. Despite the changes, it still retains the traditional PlayStation feel.
Oh, and it has a glowing orb on top that changes color in tandem with actions on screen. So there's that.
The orb has a second feature too: It sends a signal to a Kinect-like camera peripheral. Dubbed the PlayStation Eye 4, the dual HD cameras will use the orb to help gauge distance. Yoshida said that the primary use would not be stereoscopic gaming like you currently see on the Kinect though. At least until it is.
The Vita has a point!
Let's face facts: The PS Vita has issues. It's a slick piece of hardware, but you could have your Vita out while riding the NYC subway at 3 a.m. in a bad part of town and no one would steal it because there aren't any games worth playing. The downloadable PS One and PS2 games are neat, but the best selling point of a gaming system really shouldn't be that you can buy dated games that you've probably already bought once before. The Vita's launch felt half-cocked, like it wasn't ready to be released yet even if the hardware was ready. Now it makes a bit more sense.
Sony is essentially positioning the Vita to be something akin to the Wii U's GamePad. We've already seen the start of this through cross-play games, and Sony is pushing developers to use the remote play feature in PS4 games. Plus, once the Gaikai streaming tech drops like bass in your face, the Vita should be able to access the same streaming content.
Sony may have been playing the long game with the Vita. Sending the hardware out into the world long before the PS4 now makes a lot of sense. It kept investors happy to see new tech (even if sales aren't great), it lets the developers get used to the technology, and it is a Trojan horse in the homes of Vita owners who now have an even better reason to buy a PS4. If you don't, your Vita will laugh at you.
The PS4 will learn from you… It will hunt you…
The PS4 user interface has also been completely overhauled. Now, instead of the ads you normally get, you will still get ads but they will be your ads! And I, for one, welcome our new PlayStation overlords.
The UI will feature targeted ads based on the things we have shown an interest in. Sure, it is sort of weird to have Sony tracking your preferences, but it's for a good cause: bringing you better options of stuff to buy. Ads are a reality whether you like it or not. The new targeted system is no different than what most sites that require a log-in already do, anyway. There isn't anything ominous about it, it's just a better way to separate you from your cash. Yay?
The new system will also connect people through their real, personal profiles. Sony wasn't that clear on how this will work, but with luck the result will be an online community that can't hide behind anonymous profiles. No longer will 14-year-old boys with names like "Skullphunker" be able to terrorize online gaming and then escape into anonymity. Instead, those same, obnoxious 14 year olds will have their real identities available online. What could possibly go wrong?
Sony did say that there will still be avatar-only players, so the reign of terror may not be done yet. You will, however, be able to connect social networks like Twitter and Facebook to your account.
As for the specs…
In short, the PS4 will be about as powerful as a good, mid-range PC. But it's not the size of the equipment, its what Sony does with it. Check out our full breakdown of what the specs portend.
What we still need to know
The price
When the PS3 was first announced, the charming and possibly insane then-Chairman and CEO of Sony, Ken Kutaragi, began to spout off gem after meme-worthy gem regarding the steep $600 price tag of the PS3. Of the many, many lines, one of his most famous was that Sony wanted "for consumers to think to themselves 'I will work more hours to buy one'. We want people to feel that they want it, irrespective of anything else." Basically, they wanted you to want a PS3 so badly you would possibly get a second job, forgo eating, and at least consider robbing a liquor store. Not that you should rob a liquor store, but you could at least consider it for the glory of the PS3. Needless to say, despite a few more black-market kidneys floating around than usual, Sony's price did the opposite of encourage people to buy PS3s.
The cost (along with Microsoft's head start of one year) proved to be a problem for Sony. In the good ol' US of A where we want our stuff now, Microsoft dominated the PS3 and has continued to pwn Sony for over six years with no signs of slowing. Globally, Sony did manage to catch up, but what could it have done if it hadn't shot itself in the foot, then shot the ambulance coming for it?
Sony is not one to pass up a high price tag, but it has to have learned from its mistakes. Although journalists everywhere miss Kutaragi's knack for saying things that make PR people want to head butt him until he explodes, things like calling the $600 price tag "too cheap," Sony only found success after it lowered the prices. It also seems to have learned from the timing, and the 2013 release window took a lot of people by surprise, almost certainly including Microsoft. There will likely be several models and bundles as well, so the sooner we know how much these will go for, the sooner we can begin applying for multiple jobs to pay for it.
Release date
Sony promised to release the PlayStation 4 in time for the 2013 holiday season, which likely means before the lucrative Black Friday weekend. Every company looking to sell an entertainment product wants to be that one, hot Christmas gift that Arnold Schwarzenegger would beat on people to get for his kid, and Sony is no different.
Online pricing
Besides the cost of the hardware, an equally important question for prospective buyers is how much the online services will cost. While PlayStation 3 owners currently play online for free there is very little reason for Sony not to charge to play its next console online, outside of a bullet point for these fans use in their arguments with Xbox owners. Fans may appreciate the free capabilities, but it was never really a sticking point to the 40+ million XBL Gold subscribers that dropped billions on fees. PSN boasts far, far more members, but while it may be annoying, most people probably aren't going to skip buying a console because they have to pay $60 or so once a year to get online. So get ready for the bill, PSN users.
Launch titles
Sony actually did a fairly good job of unveiling a handful of PS4 games that were exciting, but of the few that were confirmed as launch titles, most weren't PS4 exclusives. Games like Watch Dogs and Destiny will straddle both today's consoles and tomorrow's. The next-gen versions will be better, but maybe not enough to get people to buy the system when they can get only slightly worse-looking versions without upgrading a thing.
New consoles need system-selling titles. The PS Vita is still looking for some, and the Wii U's launch titles just make people sad. E3 is going to be important this year, and the launch games announced there are going to be vital – especially the exclusive ones. Gran Turismo 6 is rumored to be among those launch titles (even though other rumors suggest that it will be a PS3 release), so we should see it sometime around 2015 if the developer remains consistent.
Another big question is how much games will cost. Each new console has brought a steady increase of around $10 per game. Will PS4 games cost $70?
Will it all be ready at launch?
It's great that online connectivity can add new features to hardware. Microsoft has taken full advantage of this and continued to push new content and apps online for years now. But manufacturers shouldn't use this as an excuse to ship hardware that isn't ready. Not to name any names, but some gaming manufacturers have done this a few times already and promised more than they could deliver on launch. It's Nintendo, by the way. We're talking about Nintendo.
Sony broke a lot of promises with the PS3, but with the exception of hardware changes, it can gradually unroll software and still be true to its word. It might annoy the hell out of gamers, but eventually they will get what they paid for. So the question is, will services like the touted Gaikai streaming tech even be ready at launch? We'll see.
Sony wasn't ready to unveil the final look of the PS4 yet, mainly because they haven't decided on it. On one hand, it's somewhat alarming to be this close to launch and still not have a final design for the hardware chassis. Not even a mock up. If the hardware is ready enough to show, why isn't there even a prototype to show off since it's mostly aesthetic rather than functional? Does that mean the PS4 is doomed? Doomed?!
On the other hand, if the new hardware hasn't sold you, if the new streaming tech and social integration don't do it for you, if the Vita connectivity and new controller just aren't enough, and the one deciding factor of whether or not you will buy the PS4 is what it looks like, God bless you.


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Non-degree seeking student admissions
- Complete the application for admission
- Pay the $35 application fee.
- Send your official high school transcript to your local campus (if applicable) or to the evaluations office at 1001 Rogers St. Columbia, MO, 65203.
Please note that you may also be required to submit college transcripts if you seek to enroll in a class that has prerequisite class requirements.
In addition, if you admitted as a non-degree seeking student and later wish to pursue a degree with Columbia College, you will be required to submit all transcripts for evaluation.


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Preschool Storytime
This event has already taken place. Click here for the latest events.Add to Calendar 29-04-2014 29-04-2014 15 Preschool Storytime Toddlers are invited to the library for stories, songs, puppets, and more. Tuesdays through May 13. Registration is required. http://www.nymetroparents.com/2015neweventinfo.cfm?id=153376 Haverstraw King's Daughters Public Library, Main Library true DD/MM/YYYY
If you go: Please tell them you saw this event on
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The Florida Bar
Section Affiliates are associated professionals, students, or other interested parties who are members of a Section but are not members of The Florida Bar.
|ID Number:
|2301 Executvie Park Circle
Executive Park West
|Mark A Rosenberg
The Find a Lawyer directory is provided as a public service. The Florida Bar maintains limited basic information about attorneys licensed to practice in the state (e.g., name, address, year of birth, gender, law schools attended, admission year). However, through this directory The Florida Bar allows individual attorneys the opportunity to provide for public information certain expanded personal and professional data. It is the attorney's responsibility to routinely review and update those expanded listings. The information contained in those expanded listings is presented by the Bar "as is" with no warranty of any kind, express or implied. The Florida Bar, its Board of Governors, employees, and agents thereof are not responsible for the accuracy of that additional data. Publication of attorneys' contact information within this listing should not be construed as their consent to receive unsolicited communications in any form. Certain unauthorized uses of this data may result in civil or criminal penalties. The Find a Lawyer directory is not a lawyer referral service.
[Revised: 06-13-2015]


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Comprehensive financial aid
The University's comprehensive financial aid plan helps moderate-, middle- and upper-middle-income families afford the cost of a Princeton education. The figures below show the average grant, by yearly income, for students at various family income levels in the freshman class of 2014.
Tuition, room and board is $48,580 for 2010-11.
Yearly income:
Up to $60,000
Average grant: $48,600
What it covers: Full tuition, room and board, and some expenses
Yearly income:
$60,000 to $80,000
Average grant: $45,100
What it covers: Full tuition, 71 percent of room and board
Yearly income:
$80,000 to $100,000
Average grant: $42,250
What it covers: Full tuition, 47 percent of room and board
Yearly income:
$100,000 to $120,000
Average grant: $38,750
What it covers: Full tuition, 18 percent of room and board
Yearly income:
$120,000 to $140,000
Average grant: $34,700
What it covers: 95 percent of tuition
Yearly income:
$140,000 to $160,000
Average grant: $30,400
What it covers: 83 percent of tuition
Yearly income:
$160,000 to $180,000
Average grant: $26,450
What it covers: 72 percent of tuition
Yearly income:
$180,000 to $200,000
Average grant: $22,700
What it covers: 62 percent of tuition
Yearly income:
$200,000 and above*
Average grant: $17,000
What it covers: 46 percent of tuition
*Most who qualify at this income level have two children in college.
Source: Office of Financial Aid
Web Stories
Freshman class reflects commitment to access and affordability
Posted September 20, 2010; 06:00 p.m.
The Princeton class of 2014, selected from a record number of applicants, reflects continued success in the University's efforts to attract a diverse student body and to make a Princeton education affordable to all students who enroll.
"At Princeton, access and affordability are core values, and we are extraordinarily fortunate to be able to hold firm to our commitment to the strongest possible undergraduate financial aid program in a period of significant fiscal stringency," Dean of the College Nancy Malkiel said in her report on class of 2014 admissions at the Sept. 20 faculty meeting. "As the data ... make plain, we continue to be tremendously successful in attaining our goal of making Princeton affordable for any student regardless of family financial circumstances."
The class of 2014 is Princeton's largest, in keeping with a planned gradual expansion of the size of the undergraduate student body as the University moves toward reaching its "steady state" of enrolling 5,200 students by the 2012-13 academic year. The incoming 1,313 freshmen were selected from a record 26,247 applicants. The number of applicants increased 19.5 percent from the previous record of 21,963 for the class of 2013. Overall, Princeton offered admission to 2,311 applicants, or 8.8 percent -- the lowest ever -- of those who applied to the class of 2014. This compares to 10.1 percent in 2009-10.
The 11 percent expansion of the undergraduate student body began in 2005; 2014 is the second class to have reached the new norm of roughly 1,300 entering students.
This year, 768 freshmen, or 58 percent of the class, are receiving financial aid, with a total of $27 million in scholarships. The average grant is $35,157. The incoming class includes 208 students from low-income backgrounds, or nearly 16 percent of freshmen.
The class of 2014 is the 13th to matriculate since the University initiated significant policy changes in undergraduate financial aid -- including a pioneering "no-loan" policy -- to make a Princeton education more affordable to a broader range of students. In the class of 2001, the last class to enter before the aid improvements, 38 percent of the students were on financial aid with an average grant of $15,064, and students from low-income backgrounds made up 8 percent of the class.
The class of 2014 includes the largest number of students from minority backgrounds in Princeton's history, with a total of 490 students from American minorities representing 37.3 percent of the class.
The class of 2014 also includes 141 international students, constituting 10.7 percent of the class. The international students represent 47 countries.
The class of 2014 is the third freshman class to be evenly balanced in terms of gender.
The figures for the incoming freshman class do not include the 20 students admitted to the class of 2014 who are participating in the second year of Princeton's Bridge Year Program, in which they spend a year abroad on service projects. Those students will enroll with the class of 2015. The figures for the class of 2014 do include the 20 students admitted with the class of 2013 who participated in the Bridge Year Program in 2009-10.
According to the Office of the Registrar, Princeton currently enrolls 5,103 undergraduates. (Official opening enrollment numbers will be available in October.)


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Definition of tisty–tosty
dialectal, England
: a ball made of flowers
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"CBS Evening News" anchor and managing editor Katie Couric served as keynote speaker for the Class Day ceremony Monday, June 1, on Cannon Green. "When Princeton called to invite me I was thrilled," she said. "It also gave me a perfect excuse for turning down Harvard and Yale -- my safety schools!" The graduating seniors saluted Couric by making her an honorary member of the class. (Photo: Brian Wilson)
Senior Benjamin Tagoe shows off the symbolic "key to the campus" presented to him by President Shirley M. Tilghman. (Photo: Denise Applewhite)
Senior Jackie Bello focused her remarks on some of her favorite memories of Princeton, which ranged from the the 2006 bonfire and Bent Spoon cupcakes to academic trips to Greece and Spain. (Photo: Denise Applewhite)
Senior Jason Gilbert, who delivered the second student address, complained about the grade of the toilet paper on campus, but also reminisced about the good friends he made at Princeton. (Photo: Brian Wilson)
Web Stories
Seniors celebrate four years of learning and laughter at Class Day
Posted June 1, 2009; 03:27 p.m.
On the sun-dappled Cannon Green behind Nassau Hall, the members of Princeton's class of 2009 gathered to recognize their accomplishments and share some laughs at Princeton's Class Day ceremony Monday, June 1.
The graduating seniors also saluted their Class Day speaker, "CBS Evening News" anchor and managing editor Katie Couric, by making her an honorary member of the class.
"Class Day is a day to celebrate the bonds of friendship and shared experience that you have forged in the past four years," President Shirley M. Tilghman told the soon-to-be graduates.
The student speakers had their classmates clapping and laughing. Senior Jason Gilbert, who delivered one of the addresses, spent some time complaining about the grade of the toilet paper. In the other student address, senior Jackie Bello listed her fond -- and not-so-fond -- memories that included all-nighters, Frist Campus Center salads, the 2006 bonfire and Bent Spoon cupcakes.
Humorous addresses kept the students in smiles throughout the event. (Photo: Denise Applewhite)
But both also reminisced about the many facets of their lives at Princeton, agreeing that most of all, they cherished the people they had gotten to know.
"You probably do not have to turn your head very far to see the face of someone you met here at Princeton, from a place you didn't even know existed, who has changed your life for the better in a way that cannot even begin to be described by words," Gilbert said.
Senior Class President Grant Bermann talked about the great accomplishments of his classmates, and threw in a little self-deprecating humor, admitting he hadn't yet found a date through an online service. Much to the amusement of President Shirley M. Tilghman and Katie Couric, he asked Tilghman if she might be interested. He also was one of the students receiving awards at Class Day. Bermann, who was class president for all four of his undergraduate years, was presented with the W. Sanderson Detwiler 1903 Prize for his work on behalf of his class. (Photos: Brian Wilson [Bermann] and Denise Applewhite [Tilghman and Couric])
"The years we spent at Princeton were our wonder years," said Bello, a religion major who also reflected on where her Princeton education had taken her -- to Athens to study ancient Greek theater and to Spain for a 500-mile pilgrimage that served as research for her senior thesis. "This trip may be over, but the real journey has just begun," she concluded.
Grant Bermann, the senior class president, shared with the audience of parents, faculty members and well-wishers a few of the accomplishments of his classmates: a Forbes College student who founded an organic garden that provides food to the dining halls and an athlete who tutored elementary school students in Trenton.
Family members sought out their loved ones. (Photo: Denise Applewhite)
"You don't have to look far to see people who have accomplished great things," Bermann said. "This tireless service is so common at Princeton that it often goes unacknowledged. But we should pause today and remember that what is ordinary at Princeton is in fact extraordinary."
During the ceremony, awards for community service, athletics and leadership were presented to the seniors.
Couric began her talk by telling the crowd how honored she was to be asked to speak.
"When Princeton called to invite me I was thrilled," she said. "It also gave me a perfect excuse for turning down Harvard and Yale -- my safety schools! And since I've been called a cougar lately … I'm very happy to be an honorary tiger instead!"
In addition to Couric, honorary class members included Claretta Carter (right), a retail food service worker in University Dining Services. Carter, who works at the convenience store in the Frist Campus Center, was recognized by senior Erin Mesdag for the warm way in which she greets students. (Photo: Denise Applewhite)
She then launched into a humorous string of Princeton expressions and student slang that ended with her enjoying a "Fat Lady" at Hoagie Haven and polishing it off "with a donut from the WA (that would be the Wawa). Boy, you Princetonians really know how to live," she quipped.
Changing tones, she told students that the economic climate they are facing also presents them with opportunities.
"Maybe the silver lining of these tough economic times is that it's a wake-up call that can help us recalibrate our values," she said. "Take some chances. Get out of your comfort zone, even if that's extremely uncomfortable. Make some noise. Be a rabble-rouser."
DeForest McDuff holds his new child as he receives the hood for his Ph.D. in economics from Chief Marshal Douglas Clark during the Graduate School's Hooding ceremony Monday, June 1. His wife, Susan Robison McDuff, also received a hood for her Ph.D. in psychology. (Photo: Frank Wojciechowski)
Recalling her own career starting as a desk assistant at ABC News in Washington, D.C., Couric emphasized the importance of persistence. "Success only knocks on your door if you win the Publishers Clearing House sweepstakes. All the rest of us have to work for it and work hard," she said. When Couric got her first big break in 1980 -- reporting for CNN -- the feedback was not encouraging. "The president of CNN said he never wanted to see me on the air again," Couric recalled. "This could have been demoralizing. Instead, I found it motivating."
Couric went on to co-anchor NBC News' "Today" show for 15 years before joining CBS News in 2006 as the first female solo anchor of a weekday network evening news broadcast. After losing her husband, Jay Monahan, to colon cancer in 1998, Couric became a champion of cancer awareness. She was the first woman and the first journalist to deliver the Class Day address since Princeton began inviting speakers from outside the University community in 2001.
Concluding her remarks, Couric asked the students to "thank your parents or whoever helped you achieve this goal, then transform that gratitude into action and give back to a world that has already given you so much." She added, "Sail away, even if the waters are choppy and the territory uncharted. You'll be amazed at what you learn about the world and about yourself."
On Monday evening, advanced degree candidates participated in the Hooding ceremony at McCarter Theatre. Hoods distinguish the wearer by both rank and academic discipline. Masters' hoods generally are shorter by a foot than doctors', and each hood is bordered by a velvet band in the color assigned to the discipline in which the degree is granted. The Hooding ceremony was webcast live and will be available for later viewing.
Princeton's graduation activities culminate Tuesday, June 2, with Commencement ceremonies at 11 a.m. on the lawn in front of Nassau Hall.
Following the ceremony, a group paused for some togetherness. (Photo: Denise Applewhite)


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I wanted to capture an aspect of natural history in a state of suspended animation. I was hoping it might be beautiful, but also sad, as if the software I'd used had inadvertently caused its demise. It would be simultaneously alive and deathly. Of course, sculpture has always contended with this problem. As much as I wanted to reiterate the very objecthood and kinaesthesia that sculpture tends to engage in one way or another, I also wanted to cast a shadow of doubt across the current tide of digital effects and media.
I decided that a manta ray would be suitably complicated – they seem to drift between post-millennial spookiness and weird evolution, a natural phenomenon that is already coloured by the way we understand modern design. They are obscure but familiar, gentle by nature but large enough to be intimidating. They are often referred to as devil rays.
I started working with an industrial designer to produce the sculpture. I wanted geometry to do most of the work for us – in other words, to build a manta ray in the same way that one might use compound curves to design the body of a sports car, to describe the surface in a way that was almost too perfect.
It was important that we followed a biologically accurate template. We selected a moment from some underwater footage that captured the graceful, downward thrust of the creature's fins. Working from magazine articles, and drawings and maquettes I had made, we then created a virtual description of the fish, tracing the various lines of its body to create a surface that was symmetrical and seamless. This information was passed on to a computer-controlled milling machine that literally carved the manta ray from solid blocks of foam, actualising a form in real-space that corresponds exactly to the shape described by the software we were using.
It is a digitally produced sculpture, caught attempting to swim back into an analogue universe. I like to think of it as a distant relative of the sweeping roof above Le Corbusier's chapel at Ronchamp. A number of my friends commented that it looks like an evolved surfboard. Either way, we mostly agree that it appears to be acutely modern, but suspiciously odd.


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Las Acacias
Winner of several awards including the Sutherland Award at this year's London Film Festival, Director Pablo Giorgelli discusses his latest film and how subtle direction creates powerful beauty.
a film-director."
Since his first project Último Sueño (Last Dream), which he directed while still at film school, Giorgelli has focused on short films. He describes Último Sueño as "an incomprehensible, delusional piece, which focuses more on form than on content" and dismisses his early pretensions: "I gloated mainly over technical matters. I believe that I did not have much to say at the time." In Las Acacias, Giorgelli has instead achieved a fine focus on the craft of character acting, and a balance between the roles of director and editor, allowing his actors to grapple with the complexities of their characters while maintaining a tight grip on the script, and certainly disposing of any superfluous dialogue. The result has been an overwhelming response at the festivals, with Las Acacias scooping the ACID, Camera D'Or and Young Critics Awards at Cannes, the Films from the South Award at Oslo and the Sutherland Trophy at the BFI London Film Festival. On this international success Giorgelli will only say it is "a very big surprise. The film is being very well received in several different countries, but mostly the reactions are the same … my film talks about something that is universal."
With such a sparse script, the film owes a significant amount to the stellar abilities of its lead actors: "It is one of the key points of the film, and I couldn't get it wrong here because the film is essentially them." Germán de Silva plays Rubén, and continues his long tradition of character acting and lends a gravitas and empathy to what could have become an awkward character to love, while Hebe Duarte is an exceptional newcomer as Jacinta, her ordinary beauty and quiet dignity contrasting with Rubén's rough exterior and gruff mannerisms. Giorgelli's initial plan for Rubén was to find a real-life truck driver: "We began auditioning, for almost a year. I saw many, but none that I really thought fitted the role. I realised I had to look for someone who would have to improvise but who could also respect the script and could fit the role of my imagined Rubén." Ironically, on casting de Silva, he achieved an added layer of authenticity: "the best praise for the film was when someone asked after a screening: is he an actor or a real truck driver?"
Las Acacias' success relies on a deep understanding of its intention between director and actors: "Germán was very quick to understand the spirit of Rubén and above all the tone I wanted for the film; this idea about not pushing and not exaggerating anything. And like Germán, Hebe understood straight away who Jacinta was and she brought aspects of her Paraguayan nationality that really enriched the role. And well … when we introduced her to the baby it was magic. They really seemed like mother and daughter and still today, watching the film, I can't believe that they aren't actually related." In her acting debut, Duarte was chosen in spite of her lack of experience: "Hebe is not a professional actress but she is a tremendous natural actress – intuitive, with a great emotional intelligence [and] what can I say about Nayra, the baby … it was a miracle. She appeared only a month before the shoot and I noticed in the audition that she had something special, she looked at me directly in the eyes and held her gaze, until I started to feel a little intimidated."
Rubén's solitude is an important aspect of the film and it's unclear how enforced and unwelcome it actually is. At the beginning of the film he is very much his own man who fiercely guards his independence and privacy, but the fact that Jacinta and Anahí are forced into his world causes him to re-evaluate his loneliness in a way he hadn't before imagined. At times Rubén's demeanour is genuinely heart-breaking – revealing his estranged son to Jacinta, his ensuing silence speaks volumes, and his face on witnessing the affectionate welcome that she receives at her cousin's house reveals his deepest regrets at his own solitary existence.
While this scene seems to be a turning point in his attitude, Giorgelli is keen not to be too prescriptive on Rubén's path from here: "Like you, I don't know much more about his future … I just know that I can see in the 85 minute running time of the film that he is not the same person at the end of the film, his protective shield was broken and he could open, just a little bit, his heart." It's a refreshingly simplistic way of viewing a character's arc, and similarly, the mystery surrounding Jacinta's circumstances (who is Anahí's father? Why are they not in touch? What is she leaving in Paraguay and what is she hoping to find in Buenos Aires?) is similarly left unexplained.
The importance of the film for Giorgelli is not in prescribing a narrative, but in the universal themes it carries. "My film is a story about love. And I see it as a popular film; a film that connects well with the audience. It is not a difficult film, hermetic or incomprehensible. And I would say that it has something to do with the universality of the story being told, with its profoundly human essence." We witness isolation, regret and unspoken sadness in both Rubén and Jacinta, but the character of the five-month-old baby also represents new beginnings and new hope, and she proves to be a common bond between her fellow travellers.
The use of intense, very close up and isolated shots on each character gradually gives way through the film to encompass both protagonists, but the truck's cabin remains the main set throughout. This cinematography stems from the minimal dialogue: "The principal idea is simple but powerful. What is important is the interior conflict this man felt about fatherhood. From here came the idea to shoot the film up close, to see the journey through their eyes, to see what the characters see." Somewhat controversially for something that was conceived as a road movie, this entailed a major rejection of landscape shots and sweeping views of the roadside, something that was difficult to resist given the stunning backdrop of South America.
However, Giorgelli maintained his idea saying: "I should admit that at the start I was a little terrified about shooting the film in this way, but I never stopped feeling that this was a road movie." Argentina is a country of vast and dramatic landscapes, and they are dramatically toned down and only hinted at in homage to the film's close-cropped, simplistic style. Giorgelli describes it as seeing the landscape "exactly as they see it, through the windshield but also via the truck's enormous wing mirrors. The landscape that we see advancing is the slow transformation, towards the future, just like what is happening to the characters. I think that the landscape plays an important role in the film, precisely because it is not in the foreground, instead we discover the landscape with them."
In cropping the camera's view Giorgelli emphasises the intimacy between the characters: "It was like creating a box with precious boundaries, inside everything matters, nothing matters outside," and because of this, Las Acacias becomes a phenomenally personal project. It stems from the director's own preoccupations with fatherhood, but offers a beautiful and rewarding portrayal of the loneliness we have all felt, and the promise of companionship to come.
Las Acacias was showing in selected cinemas from 2 December 2011.
Ruby Beesley


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Fourteen undergraduates from colleges around the country are taking part in the annual Princeton Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (PSURE), a program run by the Graduate School for students who are interested in pursuing doctoral studies. Over the course of two months, the undergraduates are mentored through research projects that illuminate the rigors and challenges of independent research required of those seeking doctoral degrees. Kijon Bloomfield (above), a Princeton graduate student in the Department of Religion, brings her own academic experiences to the program discussions.
Eric Glover, a third-year Princeton graduate student in English, shares his story of how he came to study at Princeton.
Photos by Brian Wilson
Web Stories
Summer students sharpen their focus on graduate school
Posted August 4, 2011; 02:00 p.m.
For two years, Danielle Wiggins thought she had her future mapped out. During her freshman and sophomore years at Yale University, Wiggins thought she was destined to eventually apply to law school. It wasn't until her junior year that she realized she loved history and finally embraced her "secret ambition to be an academic."
This summer, Wiggins attended the Princeton Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (PSURE), a program run by the Graduate School for students interested in pursuing doctoral studies. Wiggins said she now can return to Yale knowing she's on the right path.
"I applied to PSURE so that I could assure myself that I wasn't making a mistake," Wiggins said. "Fortunately, the program has further confirmed that a career in academia is what I really want."
Nicole Perez (left), a sociology major from the University of California-Santa Barbara, and Molly Galloway, a sociology major from Grambling State University, share insights during a class session as part of the eight-week PSURE program. The full program includes research projects, a research seminar, lectures, group discussions and activities that teach the students about many aspects of graduate school, including workshops on the application process and financial aid, as well as a class designed to prepare them for the Graduate Record Examination.
PSURE lasts just eight weeks, but the benefits to the 14 participating college students from around the country are felt many years into the future. The annual program, which runs this year through Aug. 6, is designed for undergraduates who have completed their sophomore or junior years and who express a serious interest in pursuing a Ph.D. and a career in college or university teaching and research. Undergraduates who are underrepresented minorities, who are from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds or who are from liberal arts colleges are especially encouraged to apply.
Research projects undertaken in a range of disciplines this year delve into race and politics, the interplay between neuroscience and computer science, the complexity of interfaith religious interactions, and the concept of literary protest, among other topics.
At the start of PSURE, students are matched with Princeton faculty, postdoctoral researchers and graduate students from myriad University departments. Over the course of two months, the undergraduates are mentored through research projects that illuminate the rigors and challenges of independent research required of those seeking doctoral degrees.
Additionally, PSURE includes a research seminar, lectures, group discussions and activities that teach the students about many aspects of graduate school, including workshops on the application process and financial aid, as well as a class designed to prepare them for the Graduate Record Examination. Students also practiced presenting their research at the annual symposium of the Leadership Alliance, a national consortium of student summer research programs held July 29-31 in Old Greenwich, Conn.
Karen Jackson-Weaver (second from right), associate dean for academic affairs and diversity in the Graduate School, leads the PSURE program along with Elaine Willey (far right), assistant dean for academic support programs. Here, Jackson-Weaver and Willey moderate a panel discussion.
"PSURE is such an intellectually transformative experience. Our students are not only provided the opportunity to do work with preeminent scholars, but they also are able to take advantage of an immense array of resources while engaging in their independent research projects," said Karen Jackson-Weaver, associate dean for academic affairs and diversity in the Graduate School. Jackson-Weaver leads the PSURE program along with Elaine Willey, assistant dean for academic support programs.
"Our goal," continued Jackson-Weaver, "is to position these students for admission into the most competitive graduate school programs."
Finding the right scholarly path
For Wiggins, the Yale undergraduate, the PSURE experience has been critical, she said, because "I wanted to prove to myself that a Ph.D. program was right for me." She has been mentored this summer by Kevin Kruse, a Princeton associate professor of history, who guided her through research focused on the relationship between the African American community and black Republicans in the Reagan administration.
Princeton PSURE panelists Matt Trujillo (left), a fourth-year graduate student in the psychology department, and Rene Flores, a fourth-year graduate student from the sociology department, prepare to field questions from PSURE students about what it's like to be enrolled in the University's graduate school.
In addition to helping students affirm their certainty in taking the next step toward graduate school, PSURE also introduces the stringency and diligence required of graduate work through focused collaborations with professors and peers.
Monchette Gonda, a senior biology major from Stanford University, has spent her summer working beside Matthew Botvinick, an associate professor of psychology and the Princeton Neuroscience Institute. Gonda has assisted Botvinick and lab administrator Debbie Yee in experiments at the intersection of neuroscience, psychology and computer science, seeking to elucidate the computational and neural foundations of human behavior.
Gonda said that PSURE has not only illustrated that "the learning process can be tedious," but also how critical self-discipline is to the pursuit of a higher degree.
"I hadn't realized the level of commitment and work ethic required on a day-to-day basis in order to complete a Ph.D. in a timely manner," Gonda said. "Making one's own schedule can be difficult, and failing to stick to a schedule can result in a lot of delays in obtaining a degree."
Princeton graduate student Jessica Rowland (left) and Elaine Willey answer questions from Glenn Love, a sociology major from Coppin State University.
As an adviser, Botvinick said he values the eye-opening possibilities PSURE provides students.
"Doing research in these fields is obviously not for everyone, but what I want for my advisees is for them to really understand what this kind of work is like, and what opportunities lie open to them," he said. "Every once in a while there'll be a student who has that 'aha' experience, and that's what it's all about."
In addition, PSURE has compelled students to consider the career paths that may result from obtaining a Ph.D.
"The faculty has encouraged me to question the more practical aspects of my interest in graduate school," said Nathaniel Gonzalez, a senior sociology major from the University of Southern California. "For example, I've come to grapple with the question of whether I want to be called a sociologist when I receive my Ph.D. or a scholar of religion."
Gonzalez said he was also "hit with the reality of the job market," and that PSURE has allowed him to begin tailoring his career decisions in light of that realization.
PSURE participant Nathaniel Gonzalez talks to his adviser Jeffrey Stout, a Princeton professor of religion. This summer, Gonzalez worked alongside Stout on an ethnographic study of an interfaith group on a U.S. campus whose meetings Gonzalez attended as a participant-observer.
This summer, Gonzalez has worked alongside Jeffrey Stout, a Princeton professor of religion, on an ethnographic study of an interfaith group on a U.S. campus whose meetings Gonzalez attended as a participant-observer. Through his observations, Gonzalez investigated what happens when young people from different religious traditions gather under an ecumenical umbrella on a highly diverse university campus. He also observed how they talk about their own traditions, how they avoid and manage potential conflicts over doctrine and morals, and what effects their interactions have on their conceptions of democratic citizenship.
Stout said he has sought to push Gonzalez's intellectual curiosity to a new level, encouraging him to question many of the assumptions he had taken on from existing scholarly literature on religion, reasoning and secularization. Additionally, Stout has tried to give Gonzalez "a sense of what it is to be held accountable for what you say and how you say it."
"I'm trying to give Nathan a sense of what lies beyond the horizon of the standard scholarship on his topic," Stout said. "I'm trying to draw him into a more active life of questioning than he has ever been exposed to before."
The PSURE program provides a forum for participants to discuss doing doctoral work in a range of academic disciplines. From left, Princeton graduate student panelists Rene Flores in sociology, Cory Hunter in music, Jessica Rowland in molecular biology and Matt Trujillo in psychology engage the group.
For Alexia Williams, a senior English major from Spelman College, PSURE has illustrated the value of interdisciplinary research across various academic interests. Under the mentorship of Daphne Brooks, a Princeton professor of English and African American studies, Williams studied how the composition and performance of Afro-Peruvian poetry can function as a means of peaceful protest, perhaps illuminating how marginalized communities can use poetry as a way of resisting discrimination in societies where other methods have not been successful.
"This kind of research requires collaborative efforts made by students and mentors across disciplines," Williams said. "At Princeton, professors and graduate students in English, Latin American studies and African American studies have been willing and eager to offer me advice and guidance in relation to my research project. The PSURE program has prepared me to enter graduate school, and eventually the professoriate, with confidence in my ability to cultivate ideas with members of the larger intellectual community."


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Your location: Funds under Management of the GEF > Resource Allocation Framework 4
The Resource Allocation Framework (RAF) is a system adopted by the GEF for allocating GEF resources to recipient countries in the fourth replenishment cycle (GEF-4). Under the RAF, resources were allocated to countries based on their potential to generate global environmental benefits and their capacity, policies and practices to successfully implement GEF projects.
More information on the RAF can be found at the GEF website on the following link: http://www.thegef.org/gef/RAF
The RAF has been replaced by the System for Transparent Allocation of Resources (STAR) in the fifth replenishment cycle of the GEF Trust Fund. More information on the STAR can be found here: http://www.thegef.org/gef/node/152
© 2011 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change


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Barbados Population: 288,72573 VISITORS FROM HERE!
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
|The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. African slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island until 1834 when slavery was abolished. The economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance.
Easternmost Caribbean island
|Caribbean, island in the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 430 sq km
land: 430 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
|Land Boundaries:
|0 km
|97 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
|tropical; rainy season (June to October)
|relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Hillaby 336 m
|Natural resources:
|petroleum, fish, natural gas
|Land use:
| arable land: 27.91%
permanent crops: 2.33%
other: 69.77% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|54.35 sq km (2003)
|Natural hazards:
|infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides
|Current Environment Issues:
|pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial)
adjective: Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)
|Ethnic groups:
|black 93%, white 3.2%, mixed 2.6%, East Indian 1%, other 0.2% (2000 census)
|Protestant 63.4% (Anglican 28.3%, Pentecostal 18.7%, Methodist 5.1%, other 11.3%), Roman Catholic 4.2%, other Christian 7%, other 4.8%, none or unspecified 20.6% (2008 est.)
|288,725 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 18.6% (male 26,849/female 26,853)
15-24 years: 13.8% (male 19,937/female 19,852)
25-54 years: 45.4% (male 65,153/female 65,902)
55-64 years: 12% (male 16,102/female 18,550)
65 years and over: 10.2% (male 11,642/female 17,885) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 42.3 %
youth dependency ratio: 26.9 %
elderly dependency ratio: 15.5 %
potential support ratio: 6.5 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 37.3 years
male: 36.2 years
female: 38.4 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|0.34% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|12.1 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|8.4 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 44% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 1.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|BRIDGETOWN (capital) 122,000 (2011)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.86 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|51 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 11.13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12.49 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 74.75 years
male: 72.47 years
female: 77.05 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.68 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Health expenditures:
|8% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|1.81 physicians/1,000 population (2005)
|Hospital bed density:
|6.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|1.4% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|2,100 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|34.7% (2008)
|Education expenditures:
|7.5% of GDP (2010)
| definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 99.7%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.7% (2002 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 17 years
male: 15 years
female: 18 years (2011)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 26.2%
male: 24.1%
female: 28.7% (2003)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Barbados
|Government type:
|parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
| name: Bridgetown
geographic coordinates: 13 06 N, 59 37 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|11 parishes and 1 city*; Bridgetown*, Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas
|30 November 1966 (from the UK)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 30 November (1966)
|30 November 1966
|Legal system:
|English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Elliot BELGRAVE (since 1 June 2012)
head of government: Prime Minister Freundel STUART (since 23 October 2010)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister
|Legislative branch:
| bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (21 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, 2 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 7 at his discretion) and the House of Assembly (30 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Assembly - last held on 21 February 2013 (next to be called in 2018)
election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - DLP 51.3%, BLP 48.3%, other .4%; seats by party - DLP 16, BLP 14
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the High Court with 8 justices) and the Court of Appeal (consists of the chief Justice and president of the court and 4 justices note - Barbados, a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice, replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the prime minister and opposition leader of Parliament; other justices appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, a 5-member independent body consisting of the Supreme Court chief justice, the commission head, and governor-general appointees recommended by the prime minister; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 65
subordinate courts: Magistrates' Courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR] Democratic Labor Party or DLP [Freundel STUART] People's Empowerment Party or PEP [David COMISSIONG]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Barbados Secondary Teachers' Union or BSTU [Mary REDMAN] Barbados Union of Teachers or BUT [Karen BEST] Congress of Trade Unions and Staff Associations of Barbados or CTUSAB, (includes the BWU, NUPW, BUT, and BSTU) [Leroy TROTMAN] Barbados Workers Union or BWU [Linda BROOKS] Clement Payne Labor Union [David COMISSIONG] National Union of Public Workers [Walter MALONEY]
|International organization participation:
|ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|Neptune's trident
|National anthem:
| name: "The National Anthem of Barbados"
lyrics/music: Irving BURGIE/C. Van Roland EDWARDS
note: adopted 1966; the anthem is also known as "In Plenty and In Time of Need"
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador John BEALE
chancery: 2144 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 939-9200
consulate(s) general: Miami, New York consulate(s): Los Angeles
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Larry L. PALMER
embassy: U.S. Embassy, Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St. Michael BB 14006
mailing address: P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown BB 11000; (Department Name) Unit 3120, DPO AA 34055
telephone: [1] (246) 227-4000
|^Back to Top
Barbados is the wealthiest and most developed country in the Eastern Caribbean and enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in Latin America. Historically, the Barbadian economy was dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities. However, in recent years the economy has diversified into light industry and tourism with about four-fifths of GDP and of exports being attributed to services. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners and thrive from having the same time zone as eastern US financial centers and a relatively highly educated workforce. Barbados' tourism, financial services, and construction industries have been hard hit since the onset of the global economic crisis in 2008, which caused the economy to contract 4% in 2009 and grow below 1% annually since 2010. Barbados' public debt-to-GDP ratio rose from 56% in 2008 to 83% in 2012.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $7.169 billion (2012 est.) $7.169 billion (2011 est.) $7.128 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $4.49 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|0% (2012 est.) 0.6% (2011 est.) 0.2% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $25,800 (2012 est.) $25,900 (2011 est.) $25,800 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 72.7%
government consumption: 19.2%
investment in fixed capital: 14.5%
investment in inventories: -3.1%
exports of goods and services: 46.5%
imports of goods and services: -49.8% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 72.7%
government consumption: 19.2%
investment in fixed capital: 14.5%
investment in inventories: -3.1%
exports of goods and services: 46.5%
imports of goods and services: -49.8% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|sugarcane, vegetables, cotton
|tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export
|Industrial production growth rate:
|Labor force:
|137,500 (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 10%
industry: 15%
services: 75% (1996 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|11.6% (2012 est.) 10.8% (2010 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
| revenues: $1.194 billion (2012 est.)
expenditures: $1.513 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|26.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|82.9% of GDP (2012 est.) 80.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|1 April - 31 March
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.8% (2012 est.) 9.4% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$344.9 million (2012 est.) -$358.5 million (2011 est.)
|$1.039 billion (2012 est.) $948.3 million (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|manufactures, sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components
|Exports - partners:
|Trinidad and Tobago 21.3%, US 11%, St. Lucia 9.9%, St. Vincent and the Grenadines 6.1%, Antigua and Barbuda 5%, St. Kitts and Nevis 4.7%, Jamaica 4.5%, UK 4.1%, Colombia 4% (2012)
|$1.584 billion (2012 est.) $1.728 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components
|Imports - partners:
|Trinidad and Tobago 37.9%, US 25.7%, China 5.4% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$773.1 million (31 December 2012 est.) $812.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$4.49 billion (2010 est.) $668 million (2003 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$4.571 billion (31 December 2011) $4.366 billion (31 December 2010) $4.39 billion (31 December 2009)
|Exchange rates:
|Barbadian dollars (BBD) per US dollar - 2 (2012 est.) 2 (2011 est.) 2 (2010 est.) note: the Barbadian dollar is pegged to the US dollar
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|1.037 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 144
|Electricity - consumption:
|955 million kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|239,100 kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|2.26 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|8,339 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|7,686 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|29.17 million cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|29.17 million cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|113.3 million cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|1.57 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 140,700 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 137
|Cellular Phones in use:
|347,900 (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: island-wide automatic telephone system
domestic: fixed-line teledensity of roughly 50 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density approaching 125 per 100 persons
international: country code - 1-246; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia (2009)
|Broadcast media:
|government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) operates the lone terrestrial TV station; CBC also operates a multi-channel cable TV subscription service; roughly a dozen radio stations, consisting of a CBC-operated network operating alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|1,524 (2012)
|Internet users:
|188,000 (2008)
|^Back to Top
| 1 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 236
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
|gas 33 km; oil 64 km; refined products 6 km (2013)
| total 1,600 km
paved: 1,600 km (2004)
|Merchant marine:
| total 109
by type: bulk carrier 23, cargo 52, chemical tanker 13, container 6, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 83 (Canada 11, Greece 14, Iran 5, Lebanon 2, Norway 38, Sweden 4, Syria 1, Turkey 1, UAE 1, UK 6) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Bridgetown
|^Back to Top
|The Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land element is island defense against external aggression; the Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small regular cadre deployed throughout the island; the cadre increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline for smuggling and other illicit activities (2007)
|Military branches:
|Royal Barbados Defense Force: Troops Command, Barbados Coast Guard (2011)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age for voluntary military service, or earlier with parental consent; no conscription (2013)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 73,820
females age 16-49: 73,835 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 58,125
females age 16-49: 58,016 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 1,842
female: 1,849 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|0.8% of GDP (2011)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
|Illicit drugs:
|one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook