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Product Description
Shown in Picture: Quorum Kingsley 60 Ceiling Fan Model 38605-58 in Mystic Silver with Reversible Mystic Silver/Pecan blades. You can order this fan without a light or choose from various light fixture options to change the look of the fan. The Kingsley 60 is a Transitional style Ceiling Fan Designed for use Indoors Only. This fan features a 188mm x 25mm - 16 Pole Direct Drive Motor with a 13.5 Degree Blade Pitch producing an AirFlow rating of 4 (where 5 is best). It is operated by a 3 Speed Pull Chain. . Description Coming Soon!.
Ceiling Fan Comparison Graph
Ceiling Fan Comparison Graph
Breeze Rating: 3 (5 is best)(Read detailed interpretation below...)
Wind Speed Factor: 2.6 MPH
Graph represents 60" blade span
How to read our graphs
For questions about our comparison graph read more here .
Room Settings Viewer
Select Your Room #: (You'll get a Room # when you email us a picture)
See how this ceiling fan will look in Your Own Room!...click for details!
Included Control
Included Control (QU-3S): 3 Speed Pull Chain
Building codes require blades to be at least 7' from the floor.
Included Downrod Length(s): 4" and 6" - Measurements taken using 4" Downrod.
View Additional Product DetailsClick on each tab to below show or hide additional details and resources for this fan...
Performance Data
"-" means that the data was not available at the time this information was published or the manufacturer simply does not test for the data that is missing.
Item Identification
Features & Specifications
Other Finishes for this Ceiling Fan
Kingsley 60 (with 3 Speed Pull Chain Pull Chain - 120 Volts)
Other Closely Related Ceiling Fans:
Kingsley 52 (with 3 Speed Pull Chain Pull Chain - 120 Volts)
This label is required by the FTC to be published
49" to 60"
ceiling fans have airflow efficiencies
Money-Saving Tip: turn off fan when leaving room
Low, High or Vaulted Ceiling Installation Options
Minimum Ceiling Height Requirement: This fan requires a minimum ceiling height of at least 99.12" in order to meet building codes. If your ceiling is lower than 99.12" then you may need to add a flushmount adapter or close to ceiling dowrod if one is available for the fan (see below). If you cannot find what you need to make this fan work in your room, please give us a call so we can check to see if there are any further alternatives.
Note: This fan includes 4" and 6" downrods(s)
Indoor and Outdoor Limitations
UL Listed for Indoor use only
The Quorum Kingsley 60 is UL Listed for Indoor use only, so it is not designed to be exposed to moisture or harsh elements. Do not install this fan outside your house. It is also not recommended for bathrooms that have a shower or tub or laundry rooms, both of which produce excessive amounts of moisture.
How does the Quorum Kingsley 60 Compare to the Average Ceiling Fan?
Ceiling Fan Comparison Graph
Breeze Rating: 3 (5 is best)
Wind Speed Factor: 2.6 MPH
Graph represents 60" blade span
How to read our graphs
Quality Rating = 4 (average is 3)
Wind Speed Factor: 2.6 MPH (average is about 3)
5765 CFM is pretty much average, so don't expect a super strong breeze from this fan. However, most people are used to average ceiling fans, so if you have never experienced a fan more powerful than this, you may be satisfied with the Quorum Kingsley 60. The 2.6 MPH wind speed is a little lower than you might expect with such a high airflow. The wind speed tells you how much breeze you can expect to feel when you are beneath the fan. Due to the blade span of this fan, the actual concentration of airflow is spread over a larger area, so the ultimate cooling effect is a little less than some fans with smaller blade spans. This is a compromise that you may be willing to accept if the actual area where you spend your time is further away from the center of the fan, which is why you may consider a larger fan such as this one. In this case the Quorum Kingsley 60 will allow you to raise your thermostat by 1 or 2 degrees, which will still help you save additional money on your cooling bills (if you have AC).
Efficiency Rating = 64 CFM/Watt (average is about 86)
Electrical Usage = 90 Watts (average is about 76)
Wind Speed Factor -vs- Efficiency: Wind Speed is KING! Ceiling fans can save you a lot on your energy bills if you use them properly to reduce your use of central air. Ceiling fans cool you off by creating a wind-chill effect, so the more wind speed a fan generates, the cooler it will make you feel. The cooler your ceiling fan can make you feel, the higher you can raise your AC thermostat to conserve energy without sacrificing your level of comfort. Raising your thermostat by 10 degrees can save you up to 40% on your cooling bills, but you cannot raise your thermostat by 10 degrees if you focus only on ceiling fans that use less energy rather than ones that generate higher wind speed. To put this in perspective: A typical central air system uses about 3500 Watts when it is running, so if a ceiling fan that uses 100 watts allows you to raise your thermostat a couple degrees higher than a more "efficient" fan that uses only 50 watts, the savings you will get by raising your AC therestat a couple degrees higher is far more than the difference of 50 watts between the two fans. With that said, a ceiling fan that uses less watts yet produces higher wind speed is a win-win.
Fan Size -vs- Wind Speed -vs- CFM
Note: The formula for calculating wind speed was revised on 1/31/2015. The previous formula did not take into account that the testing chamber (cylinder) used to determine the CFM of a fan is 8" in diameter larger than the blade span. The revised formula ads 8" to the fan diameter to account for this. The wind speed results are now slightly lower than previosly stated"When it comes to ceiling fan size...the largest fan with the highest wind speed that will look fine in the area is the best choice!"
Ceiling fans cool you off by creating a wind-chill effect, the degree of which is determined by the wind speed produced by the fan; the higher the wind speed, the cooler you feel. It is critical to know the following; CFM is not the same as wind speed; the wind chill effect you feel from a ceiling fan is concentrated in the column of air directly beneath the fan blades; the wind chill drops off dramatically just a foot or two outside that area.
Ceiling fan manufacturers are required by the DOE to publish the airflow of each fan in CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute) which is not the same as wind speed. CFM is the volume of air being moved every minute, whereas wind speed how fast the air is moving in MPH (Miles per Hour) or LFM (Linear Feet per Minute), both of which are directly related to the amount of wind chill effect. When you compare two fans that are different sizes yet have the same CFM you will find they produce quite different wind speeds. The smaller fan must move air faster in order to move the same amount of air per minute (CFM) as the larger fan. The airflow generated by the smaller creates more wind chill because it is more concentrated and has a higher wind speed. The larger fan of equal CFM moves air over a larger area so it is less concentrated at a lower wind speed. So when determining what size fan to buy you must consider the amount of space a fan will cover (the diameter of the fan plus a foot or two), the intensity of the airflow directly beneath the fan (the wind speed) balanced with how any particular size fan will look or fit in the space. Ultimately the largest fan with the highest wind speed that will look fine in the area is the best choice for performance.
The required testing method for ceiling fans is not done in a way that translates well to real world applications, so the CFM data can be somewhat deceiving if you do not know how to interpret it.
The current required test procedure (shown left) shows a ceiling fan hanging above a 3 foot tall metal cylinder that is 8 inches wider than the ceiling fan (blade span) and stands 4 feet above the floor. Sensors are located at the bottom of the cylinder to measure the wind speed. The wind speed is then converted into CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute). Although this testing procedure can be valuable for comparing the performance of fans equal in size, it does not emulate a real application inside a home and does not make it easy to compare fans that are different sizes in order to determine the best size fan(s) for any particular application.
Therefore, the best way to compare the actual performance between fans of various sizes is to compare the wind speed. The wind speed of a ceiling fan can be mathematically calculated based on the CFM and Blade Span. Here is a comparison where we performed the calculations between 3 fans of different blade spans and CFMs. The largest fan has the highest CFM yet the smallest fan produces the highest wind speed.
84" Fan with CFM of 10000 produces wind speed of 2.46 MPH (216.62 LFM)
The above example shows how deceiving CFM data can be. Even though the 52" fan moves 35% less air than the 84" fan, the intensity of the breeze that produces a wind-chill effect is over 50% more than that of the larger fan and will make you feel much cooler if you are directly beneath it. So, to cover a larger area, two or more smaller fans with good performance may be a better choice than a single large higher CFM fan.
Availability & Lead TimeOver 50 In Stock!
Ships in 3 to 4 Buisiness Days
(direct from manufacturer)
Our Exclusive Benefits!
Quorum 38605-58 Specs
|Blade Span
|Indoor Dry Rated
|3 Speed Wall Control
|212mm x 25mm - 20 Pole Direct Drive
|Sold Separately
|Blades Included
Ceiling Fan Comparison Graph
Breeze Rating: 2 (5 is best)
Wind Speed Factor: 1.93 MPH
Graph represents 70" blade span
How to read our graphs
See more Transitional fans like these
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Customer Service
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Hansen Wholesale 11132 Winners Circle Suite 100, Los Alamitos, CA 90720
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My, what a lovely girl you are! You'll floor everyone from your man to passersby on the street with your darling charm in the Lovely Sight dress from Roxy. It features a smocked top, a double-tiered bottom, a floral print and a woven belt with fringed ends. Its sweetly gauzy fabric finishes out your angelic look. You might as well add a halo.
- Tiered skirt
- 100% Cotton dobby gauze
- Quality embroidery
- Smocked top
- Braided belt
- Imported
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- Brand: Roxy
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Universal Fit
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JBL Reference 220 Headphone (White)
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Tetley Tea
Item: #GALL011
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Original Production Cels - click here to find out more.
Production cels are the one-of-a-kind original cels that were used in the creation of an animated film or television show. Each has been hand-painted by studio artists on a piece of celluloid acetate, and has been photographed over a background painting to create a frame of the finished production.
Production cels are highly sought after by collectors, with very rare pieces from the early days of animation fetching prices in the tens, and even the hundreds of thousands of dollars. See Why So Few Vintage Pieces Have Survived for more information on the rarity of early production cels.
Production cels from the 1980's and 90's are available at considerably lower expense, but The Move To Computerized Animation has severely curtailed the supply of new artwork in the market, and has put upward pressure on prices of what is still available.
Production cels from the same film, or even the same scene, can have significantly different values depending on their desirability to collectors.
What is Conservation Glass?
Standard glass is suitable for most artwork in most homes. As ambient (indirect) sunlight and artificial light do not present a fading risk, most people do not require special UV filtering glass.
If you have a lot of direct sunlight in your home, you may want to upgrade your artwork purchase to conservation glass. Conservation glass filters out 97% of harmful UV rays and will prevent fading of signatures and artwork, as well as yellowing of paper.
The best thing to do is avoid hanging any art or photographs in direct sunlight. If you can't avoid direct sunlight, conservation glass is well worth the additional cost.
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Our compatible 52104201 and 52104501 Toner Cartridges will meet or exceed OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) specifications and high standards of quality and reliability for your Okidata OL850. Designed to be 100% compatible and interchangeable with OEM cartridges.
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Elaine Russell's paintings intimately recall her childhood memories and experiences: fond moments spent with family and friends, tinged with painful reminders of imposed restrictions and meagre living conditions. Her personal snapshots of Indigenous life in the 1940s and 1950s offer a narrative of shared experience and important evidence of the impact government policies had on the lives of so many Indigenous people.
Russell was born in Tingha in northern New South Wales and at about five years of age moved with her family to La Perouse in Sydney, where there was a large Aboriginal community on the shores of Botany Bay. She recounted her experiences at La Perouse in her 2004 book, The shack that Dad built. Her family subsequently moved to Murrin Bridge Mission on the Lachlan River in central New South Wales. Like the numerous missions across the state, Murrin Bridge was controlled by the ironically titled Aborigines Welfare Board. Residents of the mission were at the mercy of the mission manager who had absolute control over people's lives and was responsible for enforcing the paternalistic policy of the Board.
The majority of Russell's paintings refer to her time at Murrin Bridge and create a record of mission life that has been absent from Australian written and visual history until recently. From catching yabbies to bagging potatoes, Russell captures everyday experiences of her family that offer unique insights into their lives: the impact of mission policies, the difficulties they faced and their strength in extremely trying times.
Russell's use of bold, intense colour, flattened perspective and simple graphic elements offer a childlike perspective, seemingly naive and idyllic. Neat rows of quaint pastel houses with pitched roofs line perfectly ordered mission streets, complete with the obligatory church. Rolling hills stretch across the deep blue horizon dotted with fluffy white clouds, while isolated figures animate the landscape. The picturesque nature of the scenes created is compelling, and evokes sentimental memories of innocent, carefree days. Yet the controlled perfection is disturbing, as it is apparent this is a façade masking an imperfect reality.
In Inspecting our houses 2004 Russell provides an overview of Murrin Bridge Mission. Bordered on all sides by dirt roads the mission consists of a cluster of freestanding houses in fenced yards, shaded by large trees. Complete with their external outhouses, they are the very image of the suburban dream. The tight composition and defined barriers within the work reflect the regimented and regulated nature of mission life. The repetition is interrupted only by the different colours of the houses, an expression of individuality from inside a system that sought to enforce assimilation. Russell recalls her spotless family home being inspected on a weekly basis by the mission manager's wife to ensure it was kept to an acceptable standard. The floorboards would even be polished with a stone from the river so that they were immaculate. This unnecessary intrusion into family life is a bitter memory for Russell: the inference that such visits would even be required cut into the heart of the family's respectability.
Freedom from the mission routine offered happier times for Russell and her family. When seasonal work was available they would spend a month or so living and working on a nearby farm. Although this involved hard physical work and they had to sleep in a barn, these were good times as the family was together. Russell's family is seen working the field in Bagging potatoes 2004, collecting potatoes too small to be collected by machinery. Sheep graze in the distance. This work offered them a certain level of independence, practical and financial, which was otherwise unattainable.
The resourcefulness of Aboriginal families in times of adversity is also apparent in Russell's 2006 paintings, Catching yabbies and Untitled from the Missionseries, which show how her family supplemented their scant rations by trapping possums and catching yabbies. Seeing the brighter side of such experiences is a current that runs through Russell's work, engaging the audience in a non-confrontational way with the oppressive reality of our shared past.
Cara Pinchbeck


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L&L Tiques, Inc.
- http://WWW.lltiques.com
- Bayside, New York
- Seller Since 2000
- Contact Seller
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Welcome to L&L Tiques, Inc. Here you will find a vast array of vintage advertising including paper and metal signs, Black Americana, historical ephemera, antique toys and much more. We sell old unique items obtained from estate sales and auctions and also offer a nice selection of NOS. We are modern day vintage treasure hunters bringing you excellent deals on genuine advertising memorabilia and antiques. I hope you enjoy looking at our walk down memory lane. There is something in the store for everyone!


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Bollnäs Sweden
Number of Holes: 18
Scorecard: Yes
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Faroe Islands Population: 49,7091 VISITOR FROM HERE!
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|The population of the Faroe Islands is largely descended from Viking settlers who arrived in the 9th century. The islands have been connected politically to Denmark since the 14th century. A high degree of self-government was granted the Faroese in 1948, who have autonomy over most internal affairs while Denmark is responsible for justice, defense, and foreign affairs. The Faroe Islands are not part of the European Union.
Archipelago of 17 inhabited islands and one uninhabited island, and a few uninhabited islets; strategically located along important sea lanes in northeastern Atlantic; precipitous terrain limits habitation to small coastal lowlands
|Northern Europe, island group between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about half way between Iceland and Norway
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 1,393 sq km
land: 1,393 sq km
water: 0 sq km (some lakes and streams)
Size comparison: eight times the size of Washington, DC
|Land Boundaries:
|0 km
|1,117 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 3 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line
|mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy
|rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Slaettaratindur 882 m
|Natural resources:
|fish, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
|Land use:
| arable land: 2.15%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.85% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|0 sq km (2011)
|Current Environment Issues:
|International Environment Agreements:
|party to: Marine Dumping - associate member to the London Convention and Ship Pollution
|^Back to Top
| noun: Faroese (singular and plural)
adjective: Faroese
|Ethnic groups:
|Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish
|Evangelical Lutheran 83.8%, other and unspecified 16.2% (2006 census)
|49,709 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 20.4% (male 5,269/female 4,882)
15-24 years: 15.6% (male 4,003/female 3,738)
25-54 years: 36.8% (male 9,892/female 8,414)
55-64 years: 11.8% (male 3,018/female 2,832)
65 years and over: 15.4% (male 3,712/female 3,949) (2013 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 37.6 years
male: 37 years
female: 38.3 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|0.47% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|13.36 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|8.67 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 40% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 0.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.18 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female
total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 5.82 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.08 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 79.98 years
male: 77.49 years
female: 82.64 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|2.39 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|NA; note - probably 99%, the same as Denmark proper
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 9.4%
male: 6.9%
female: 12.5% (2005)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Faroe Islands
local long form: none
local short form: Foroyar
|Government type:
| name: Torshavn
geographic coordinates: 62 00 N, 6 46 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|Administrative divisions:
|none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 34 municipalities
|none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
|National holiday:
|Olaifest (Olavsoka), 29 July
|5 June 1953 (Danish Constitution)
|Legal system:
|the laws of Denmark, where applicable, apply
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Dan Michael KNUDSEN, chief administrative officer (since 2008)
head of government: Prime Minister Kaj Leo JOHANNESSEN (since 26 September 2008)
cabinet: Landsstyri appointed by the prime minister (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by the Faroese Parliament; election last held on 14 November 2011 (next to be held no later than November 2015)
election results: Kaj Leo JOHANNESSEN reelected prime minister in 2011
|Legislative branch:
| unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (33 seats; members elected by popular vote on a proportional basis from the seven constituencies to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held no later than October 2015)
election results: percent of vote by party - Union Party 24.7%, People's Party 22.5%, Republican Party 18.3%, Social Democratic Party 17.7%, Progressive Party 6.3%, Center Party 6.2%, Independence Party 4.2%, other 0.1%; seats by party - Union Party 8, People's Party 8, Republican Party 6, Social Democratic Party 6, Progressive Party 2, Center Party 2, Independence Party 1 note: election of two seats to the Danish Parliament was last held on 15 September 2011 (next to be held no later than September 2015); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Social Democratic Party 1, Union Party 1
|Judicial branch:
|the Faroese Court or Raett (Rett - Danish) decides both civil and criminal cases; the Court is part of the Danish legal system
|Political parties and leaders:
|Center Party (Midflokkurin) [Jenis av RANA] Independence Party (Sjalvstyrisflokkurin) [Kari P. HOJGAARD] People's Party (Folkaflokkurin) [Jorgen NICLASEN] Progressive Party (Framsokn) [Poul MICHELSEN] Republican Party (Tjodveldi) [Hogni HOYDAL] Social Democratic Party (Javnadarflokkurin) [Aksel JOHANNESEN] Union Party (Sambandsflokkurin) [Kaj Leo JOHANNESEN]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|International organization participation:
|Arctic Council, IMO (associate), NC, NIB, UNESCO (associate), UPU
|National symbol(s):
|National anthem:
| name: "Mitt alfagra land" (My Fairest Land)
lyrics/music: Simun av SKAROI/Peter ALBERG
note: adopted 1948; the anthem is also known as "Tu alfagra land mitt" (Thou Fairest Land of Mine); as an autonomous overseas division of Denmark, the Faroe Islands are permitted their own national anthem
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
|none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
|none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
|^Back to Top
The Faroese economy is dependent on fishing, which makes the economy vulnerable to price fluctuations. The sector normally accounts for about 95% of exports and nearly half of GDP. In early 2008 the Faroese economy began to slow as a result of smaller catches and historically high oil prices. The slowdown in the Faroese economy followed a strong performance since the mid-1990s with annual growth rates averaging close to 6%, mostly a result of increased fish landings and salmon farming, and high export prices. Unemployment reached its lowest level in June 2008 at 1.1%. The Faroese Home Rule Government produced increasing budget surpluses in that period, which helped to reduce the large public debt, most of it to Denmark. However, total dependence on fishing and salmon farming make the Faroese economy vulnerable to fluctuations in world demand. Initial discoveries of oil in the Faroese area give hope for eventual oil production, which may provide a foundation for a more diversified economy and less dependence on Danish economic assistance. Aided by an annual subsidy from Denmark amounting to about 3% of Faroese GDP, the Faroese have a standard of living almost equal to that of Denmark and Greenland. The Faroese Government ran relatively large deficits from 2008 to 2010 and budget deficits are forecast for several years ahead. At year-end 2010 the gross debt had reached approximately US$900 million.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
|GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.471 billion (2010 est.) $1.389 billion (2008 est.)
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $2.32 billion (2010 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|2.9% (2010 est.) 0.5% (2008 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
|GDP - per capita (PPP): $30,500 (2008 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|milk, potatoes, vegetables; sheep; salmon, other fish
|fishing, fish processing, small ship repair and refurbishment, handicrafts
|Industrial production growth rate:
|3.4% (2009 est.)
|Labor force:
|34,710 (November 2010)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 10.7%
industry: 18.9%
services: 70.3% (November 2010)
|Unemployment rate:
|6.8% (2011) 5.7% (2010)
|Population below poverty line:
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
| revenues: $1.025 billion
expenditures: $1.301 billion note: Denmark supplies the Faroe Islands with almost one-third of their public funds (2010 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|44.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.3% (2011) 0.4% (2010)
|$824 million (2010) $767 million (2009)
|Exports - commodities:
|fish and fish products 94%, stamps, ships
|Exports - partners:
|Denmark 23.3%, UK 20.9%, Nigeria 13.7%, US 8.8%, Netherlands 8.4%, Russia 6.9%, China 4.4% (2012)
|$776 million (2010) $786 million (2009)
|Imports - commodities:
|goods for household consumption 24%, machinery and transport equipment 23.5%, fuels 21.4%, raw materials and semi-manufactures, salt
|Imports - partners:
|Denmark 41.9%, Norway 31.9%, Germany 8.7%, Iceland 5.3% (2012)
|Debt - external:
|$888.8 million (2010) $68.1 million (2006)
|Exchange rates:
|Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - 5.7925 (2012 est.) 5.3687 (2011 est.) 5.6241 (2010 est.) 5.361 (2009) 5.0236 (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|280.3 million kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 171
|Electricity - consumption:
|268.8 million kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|100,100 kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|64.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|31% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|4.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|4,871 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|4,859 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|744,400 Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 20,200 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 189
|Cellular Phones in use:
|59,400 (2009)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: good international communications; good domestic facilities
domestic: conversion to digital system completed in 1998; both NMT (analog) and GSM (digital) mobile telephone systems are installed
international: country code - 298; satellite earth stations - 1 Orion; 1 fiber-optic submarine cable to the Shetland Islands, linking the Faroe Islands with Denmark and Iceland; fiber-optic submarine cable connection to Canada-Europe cable (2011)
|Broadcast media:
|1 publicly owned TV station; the Faroese telecommunications company distributes local and international channels through its digital terrestrial network; publicly owned radio station supplemented by 2 privately owned stations broadcasting over multiple frequencies (2008)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|7,575 (2012)
|Internet users:
|37,500 (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 1 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 215
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013)
| total 463 km
|Merchant marine:
| total 37
by type: cargo 20, chemical tanker 7, container 2, passenger/cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 2
foreign-owned: 28 (Iceland 4, Norway 13, Sweden 11) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Fuglafjordur, Torshavn, Vagur
|^Back to Top
|Defense is the responsibility of Denmark
|Military branches:
|no regular military forces (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
|males age 16-49: 11,831 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 9,827
females age 16-49: 8,418 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 372
female: 373 (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|because anticipated offshore hydrocarbon resources have not been realized, earlier Faroese proposals for full independence have been deferred; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Malic acid is an acid found naturally in foods, especially unripe fruits. It was first isolated from fruit juice, and one of the best sources of this naturally-occurring acid is apples. It's malic acid that gives green apples their tart taste. Malic acid is also found in a number of other fruits and vegetables and wine. As fruits ripen, the malic acid they contain is converted to lactic acid, which makes the fruit less tart.
Because of its tartness, malic acid is used to flavor some food and confectionary products, particularly sour candies. Some candies that contain large amounts of malic acid have a warning label on their boxes since malic acid is so tart it can cause mouth irritation. Malic acid is also used to flavor a variety of other foods including yogurt, fruit-flavored drinks, jams, jellies and ice cream Because of malic acid's sour flavor, it's usually blended with other acids and sugar to reduce its tartness. Malic acid also helps to block the growth of bacteria in food products, giving them a longer shelf life.
Malic acid is also found inside cells where it's an important intermediate for the production of cellular energy. A combination of malic acid and magnesium is available as a treatment for the symptoms of fibromyalgia, a condition characterized by muscle pain and generalized fatigue. Because of its involvement in cellular energy production, it helps to boost the energy level of people with this condition. It also appears to have a blood pressure-lowering effect and the ability to bind to heavy metals and remove them from the body. Malic acid is also important for oral hygiene. It stimulates the production of saliva, helping to reduce the risk of dental caries and gum disease.
Malic acid is also an ingredient in a number of cosmetic and personal care products. Some products that contain malic acid include shampoos, hair conditioners, facial moisturizers, anti-aging treatments and nail products. One of its functions in these products is to adjust the pH or acid-base balance of products. Products work best when they're at a certain pH and adding malic acid helps to achieve this optimal acid-base balance.
This acid with the naturally tart taste is also classified as an alpha hydroxy acid. Alpha hydroxy acids are added to anti-aging skin care products and moisturizers because of their ability to improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Alpha hydroxy acids like malic acid promote shedding of the outer layer of cells of the epidermis by loosening the "glue" that holds them together. This helps to thin the epidermis, which improves skin texture and the ability of skin to reflect light.
Alpha hydroxy acids can also penetrate more deeply into the skin and boost collagen production in the dermis, the deeper layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis. Collagen is a protein that supports skin and prevents wrinkling and skin laxity. Therefore, alpha hydroxy acids like malic acid have anti-aging benefits. They also help to lighten skin pigmentation and improve the symptoms of acne. Other alpha hydroxy acids include glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and mandaleic acid.
Like other alpha hydroxy acids, malic acid is used as a skin peeling agent to help rejuvenate skin. Malic acid peels help to remove dead skin cells in the outer layer of skin that make it look dull and less youthful. These peels are also beneficial for unclogging pores and treating acne, although they're not as effective as another class of acids called beta hydroxy acids.
Since malic acid is found naturally in fruits, it appears to be safe in the amounts found in cosmetic and personal care products. When used orally as a supplement, it can cause mild stomach upset and bloating. In cosmetics and skin care products where it's applied topically, malic acid may cause skin irritation and redness, especially for people with sensitive skin.
In summary, malic acid is a safe, naturally-occurring acid found in some cosmetic and anti-aging products that helps to improve skin texture, unclog pores and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.


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The horse chestnut tree, also known as the aesculus hippocastanum, is a large, deciduous hardwood tree that grows in temperate climates. It has large, green leaves with five to seven lobes and white flowers. The seeds of the horse chestnut tree grow in green, spiny cases. When the cases split open, the seeds inside are round, brown and extremely shiny. Horse chestnut extract is made from the glossy brown seed of the horse chestnut tree.
Horse chestnut extract can be found listed as an ingredient in some skin cleansers. The high level of saponins in horse chestnut extract makes it an effective skin purifier. Bath oils and infusions sometimes contain horse chestnut extract due to its skin softening properties.
Horse chestnut extract contains a saponin called escin, which has anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, escin strengthens the walls of the veins and arteries, giving it vasoprotective properties. The condition of capillaries is improved because horse chestnut extract reduces the presence of elastase and hyaluronidase, enzymes that break down protein. Horse chestnut extract also thins the blood by impairing the action of platelets. When taken orally, escin has been scientifically proven to be effective in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, a condition which prevents deoxygenated blood being pumped back to the heart effectively. Blood can pool in the lower extremities, leading to swelling of the legs and ankles. Leg injuries can trigger this debilitating condition. Women tend to be more susceptible to chronic venous insufficiency than men.
High levels of escin also make horse chestnut extract an effective treatment for varicose veins and hemorrhoids due to its vasoconstricting properties. Both varicose veins and hemorrhoids are caused by enlarged, protruding veins. Horse chestnut extract tightens and shrinks enlarged varicose veins and hemorrhoids, making them less visible. Horse chestnut extract is also used as a herbal treatment for diarrhea.
Spider veins are a mild type of varicose veins that are not dangerous, but can make individuals self-conscious about their appearance. Horse chestnut extract's capillary constricting and strengthening properties make it a useful ingredient in skin care creams that have been formulated to treat visible spider veins and unsightly red threads. This includes creams designed to improve the condition of the delicate skin under the eyes. Eye creams containing horse chestnut extract effectively lighten dark circles under the eyes by thickening the skin and strengthening fragile capillaries.
Horse chestnut extract boosts the condition of the skin by improving the circulation and delivering oxygen-rich blood to the dermal matrix. By inhibiting enzymes elastase and hyaluronidase, horse chestnut extract helps the skin to battle the signs of aging that deplete collagen and elastin from the skin. Reduced levels of collagen and elastin are a primary cause of wrinkles and sagging skin that are typical of aging skin.
When applied topically as a 2% gel or balm, the escin in horse chestnut extract is an effective treatment for bruised skin. Its anti-inflammatory properties reduce swelling, while the broken capillaries under the skin that cause the blue/black discoloration are strengthened and repaired. External, topical application of horse chestnut extract can be effective in treating sports injuries.
Horse chestnut extract is often found in products that contain centella asiatica, because these two botanical extracts work together in synergy to provide highly effective results.
Oral supplements of horse chestnut extract are typically found in capsule and tablet format. The extract tastes bitter and can some people may find it unpalatable in liquid form.
Care should be taken when consuming horse chestnut extract as it can interfere with certain medication, including anticoagulant and blood thinning drugs, such as warfarin or heparin. It should not be taken by individuals with a blood clotting disorder. As horse chestnut extract can lower blood sugar, it should not be taken by anyone with diabetes. It is possible to overdose on supplements of horse chestnut extract.
The leaf, bark, flower, and seed of the horse chestnut tree should not be consumed in their raw state because they contain a toxic substance called esculin. Ingestion of esculin can cause stomach upset, vomiting, and diarrhea. If raw horse chestnut leaves, bark, flowers, or seeds are ingested, immediate medical attention should be sought.


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Dragons are creatures with nearly unlimited life spans. They can survive for long periods of time, and no one has found a dragon that has died of old age. Adolescence is usually marked by the growth of a hatchling's wings, although not all breeds of dragons grow wings and some breeds have other traits that indicate the beginning of maturation. Once they hit adolescence, hatchlings change quickly, maturing to their full forms in only 2 years.
Dragons don't communicate with each other verbally, but they will growl to scare off predators and frighten prey. Young dragons will emit an extremely high-pitched squeal when they are frightened. To communicate, they use telepathy with each other and to speak to other creatures.
When Water dragons mature, they lose the ability to survive on land, entering the water permanently. They are adept swimmers and eat whatever fish are in the lake they live in. They tend to inhabit the same lake for their entire lives, although a few live in the ocean and swim all over the world.


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To My Godparents Personalized Picture Frame
To My Godparent Picture Frame is personalized with Godparent's name, Godchild's name, and a saying. 9" x 7" glass frame holds a 3.5" x 5" or 4" x 6" photo and has an easel back for tabletop display. Makes a great baby christening or baptism gift.
Choose Godmother, Godfather, or Godparents to be engraved at top. Saying at bottom reads: I count my blessings when I think of you, walking beside me to help and guide me. In Love and Prayer, name of Godchild.
Choose Godmother, Godfather, or Godparents to be engraved at top. Saying at bottom reads: I count my blessings when I think of you, walking beside me to help and guide me. In Love and Prayer, name of Godchild.
When should I expect delivery? Most in-stock items are shipped within 1 business day of receipt by UPS, FedEx, or Priority/First Class Mail. If an item has a special delivery time it will be noted in the product description. Casita, Patiomate, and Parts for them are currently running a 2-3 week delivery time.
We are a small family-run business.
- You should expect to receive delivery within 4-7 business days in the USA unless a special delivery time is noted in the product description.
- Air delivery and specific carrier options are also available in your shopping cart.
- If you select air delivery for an item with a special delivery time noted in the product description, your product will not be finished any quicker but will ship via the chosen method when it is ready to ship.
- If you require a delivery quicker than options shown in your shopping cart, please contact customer service.
- Canada and International delivery time information is shown in shopping cart.
We've been in business for 26 years.
Our product reviews are 100% verified.
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Climate and weather gives you a meaningful look at Lebanon, VA 24266's weather patterns and risks. Average high/low temperatures
are shown for January and July. Weather risk provides you with a percentage of the national average (100) for select environmental
events. A score of 50 would be half the national average, while a score of 200 would be double the national average.
Temperature (degrees F)
Average Yearly Rainfall: 41.30'
National Average: 38.64'
Weather risk


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Puzzle Levels
Download a FREE Solution for your puzzles!
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Don't Drink and Play
Product Information
|take out the pieces and put them back in the container
|Level 9 - Gruelling
|Jean Claude Constantin
|Jean Claude Constantin, European Wood Puzzles
|7.76 in x 4.72 in x .39 in / 19.7 cm x 12 cm x 1 cm
Product Description
A variety of different shapes can be made by the pieces included in the packing puzzle. The objective is to remove all pieces from the puzzle, then rearrange them so that they can be placed into any of the differently shaped areas in the frame.
Made in laser-cut wood by Jean-Claude Constantin. Jean-Claude Constantin lives in Germany, where he designs and manufactures many different wood and metal puzzles, as well as magic tricks and other intellectual toys and games.
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Licensed salon & spa professionals can set up a Professional Account which entitles them to professional only pricing, professional only promotions and additional educational and marketing resources available to our salon & spa customers.
If you already have a Professional Account with us, please sign in below with your email and password in the "Sign In to My Professional Account" section.
To create a Salon - Spa Professional Account, please enter your email and a valid Cosmetology License in the section called "Create a Professional Account" below and click the "Create Account" button. You will then be asked for additional information.
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Zoya Lip Gloss in Blog can be best described as sheer orange metallic
Zoya Hot Lips Lip Gloss is a revolutionary combination of lip color + therapy in one easy product. Zoya Hot Lips Lip Gloss applies like silk and has a sweet scent and flavor. All Zoya Hot Lips colors are free of parabens.


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Dimethicone is a widely used ingredient in skin and hair care products and can be added to formulas to perform a number of roles. The versatile ingredient is sometimes called polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS. At room temperature, raw dimethicone is completely clear and has a rubbery texture. In its liquid form, dimethicone is very thick and similar in consistency to honey. Some clear skin and hair care products are made thicker with the addition of dimethicone.
One of the primary building blocks of dimethicone is silicon, an abundant chemical element that is found in soil. Silicon combines with other molecules to form long chains known as polymers, and dimethicone is the most commonly used of these polymers. Dimethicone is generally made in industrial settings by combining the substance dimethylchlorosilane with ordinary deionized water.
Silicon and its polymers were first added to skin care products in the 1950s. Initially, dimethicone was used almost solely as an emollient, an ingredient that softens the skin by filling in the tiny gaps that exist between the dry, dead cells on the surface of the complexion. Early products that contained dimethicone included moisturizers and hand and body lotions, and many modern formulas of these products still use dimethicone to make the skin tissue feel more supple and smoother. Dimethicone is also used as an emollient in hair conditioners to make the hair strands silkier.
By the 1980s, the benefits of dimethicone and other silicon polymers were more widely understood, and the use of these ingredients in skin and hair care products expanded dramatically as a result. One of the first of these new functions of dimethicone was skin protecting. Because of its thick, viscous nature, dimethicone makes an excellent barrier on the skin tissue and can be added to products meant to prevent chaffing, chapping, diaper rash and other forms of skin irritation caused by friction and exposure to moisture.
The ability of dimethicone to form a barrier on the skin tissue also makes it effective for use as an occlusive agent. Commonly used in moisturizers, occlusives prevent moisture found in the skin tissue from evaporating into the air. Since dimethicone is both an emollient and an occlusive, it is an incredibly popular ingredient in products used to combat dry skin and prevent its return. Moisturizers that contain dimethicone are often most effective when applied immediately after bathing or showering when the skin tissue is most susceptible to the drying effects of the air.
The occlusive and emollient properties of dimethicone make the ingredient common in products used to treat certain types of skin conditions that worsen when the tissue becomes dehydrated. Among these conditions are rosacea, eczema and psoriasis. For people suffering from one of these chronic skin care problems, doctors may recommend using a moisturizer that contains dimethicone several times per day or prescribe a medication that includes dimethicone along with its active ingredients.
Dimethicone has many minor properties that make it useful as an ingredient in skin and hair care products. When added to liquids, dimethicone's thick texture prevents solutions from forming bubbles. As an ingredient in shampoos and cleansers, dimethicone helps prevent the products from becoming foamy when their bottles are handled. Dimethicone is also occasionally added to sunscreens to make them resistant to water.
In foundation cosmetics, dimethicone makes the pigments contained in the formulas spread more evenly over the skin tissue, producing more natural results. When combined with other silicon polymers in foundations, dimethicone forms a very thin film on the complexion. This film protects the pigments found in the makeup, allowing the foundation to produce longer lasting results.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved dimethicone for use as an active ingredient in over-the-counter medicines used to protect the skin, such as diaper creams. For use in other products, the FDA has classified dimethicone in its "Generally Regarded as Safe" category. Clinical studies have shown that dimethicone does not cause genetic mutations or pose a risk for cancer. In addition, the ingredient is not a common allergen, meaning that hypersensitivity reactions to dimethicone are rare. Most often, people who experience redness or itching from a product that contains dimethicone have developed symptoms due to another ingredient in the product's formula.


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The symptoms for all types of pulmonary hypertension (PH) may be similar, and symptoms are usually more severe as the disease progresses. Symptoms of PH may include:
In advanced stages of pulmonary hypertension, minimal activity may produce some or all of these symptoms. Patients in advanced stages may experience irregular heartbeat, a racing pulse, passing out and difficulty breathing at rest.
Sometimes these symptoms mean you have another condition, but sometimes, these symptoms mean you have pulmonary hypertension.
Learn about how PH is diagnosed
For optimal viewing of PHAssociation.org, please use a standards-compliant browser such as Google Chrome or Firefox.
The information provided on the PHA website is provided for general information only. It is not intended as legal, medical or other professional advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified professionals who are familiar with your individual needs. PHA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products or services.
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Kids Clothing
Bright Fashions
Match the Company Kids' exclusive styles seen in your children's bedrooms with their very own kids' clothing. Our unique, kid-inspired designs are made from soft, comfortable cotton -blended fabric, delivering a snug and cozy fit to your child at all times. Find the perfect style to match your child's individual personality.
Bedtime Fun
Ending each day wouldn't be the same without putting on a comfortable pair of pajamas. Company Kids' exclusive kids' pajamas are so comfortable your child might just wear them all day long. Our soft and appealing pajamas come in a variety of styles and designs your children will love. You can choose with a two-piece pajama set that includes a t-shirt style top and long, elastic-waist pants. We also have a cut-off top and pajama shorts, perfect for hotter climates and sultry summers.
Wrap It Up
Continue to outfit your child with our exclusive line of clothes with fun bath time kids' robes. Our designs feature desirable appliqués and embroidery themes appealing to both boys and girls. Make bath time fun and keep your little ones warm and comfy with our cuddly, textured kids' bathrobes made with soft long sleeves, a generously sized hood and a tie belt – the girls' styles feature a feminine ruffled trim.
Costume Play After a Bath
One of the more unique kids' clothes designs you'll find is our hooded towels. They make any trip to the beach, pool or even bathtub an adventure. Made from soft and thirsty 100-percent cotton and decorated with kid-inspired designs, Company Kids' hooded towels let your child's imagination run wild as they keep cozy and warm.


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Sudan Population: 34,847,9101 VISITOR FROM HERE!
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|Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.
Dominated by the Nile and its tributaries
|north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 1,861,484 sq km
land: NA
water: NA
Size comparison: slightly less than one-fifth the size of the US
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 6,751 km
border countries: Central African Republic 175 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,275 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 769 km, Libya 383 km, South Sudan 2,184 km note: Sudan-South Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei region pending negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan
|853 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 18 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)
|generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Red Sea 0 m
highest point: Jabal Marrah 3,071 m
|Natural resources:
|petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower
|Land use:
| arable land: 6.76%
permanent crops: 0.07%
other: 93.17% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|18,900 sq km (2010)
|Natural hazards:
|dust storms and periodic persistent droughts
|Current Environment Issues:
|inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Sudanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sudanese
|Ethnic groups:
|Sudanese Arab (approximately 70%), Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata
|Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur note: program of "Arabization" in process
|Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 41.4% (male 7,337,924/female 7,104,702)
15-24 years: 20% (male 3,596,729/female 3,376,682)
25-54 years: 31.4% (male 5,316,659/female 5,639,494)
55-64 years: 3.8% (male 711,596/female 620,962)
65 years and over: 3.3% (male 629,312/female 513,850) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 79.9 %
youth dependency ratio: 74.1 %
elderly dependency ratio: 5.8 %
potential support ratio: 17.1 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 18.9 years
male: 18.6 years
female: 19.1 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|1.83% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|30.84 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|8.09 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-4.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 33.2% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 2.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|KHARTOUM (capital) 5.021 million (2009)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.16 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.24 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|730 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 54.23 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 59.75 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 62.95 years
male: 60.93 years
female: 65.07 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|4.05 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|9% (2010)
|Health expenditures:
|6.3% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|0.28 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
|Hospital bed density:
|0.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 67% of population
rural: 52% of population
total: 58% of population
urban: 33% of population
rural: 48% of population
total: 42% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 44% of population
rural: 14% of population
total: 26% of population
urban: 56% of population
rural: 86% of population
total: 74% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|1.1% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|260,000 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|12,000 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|6% (2008)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|31.7% (2006)
|Education expenditures:
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 71.9%
male: 80.7%
female: 63.2% note: pre-secession of South Sudan (2011 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
|total: 4 years (2000)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan
conventional short form: Sudan
local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan
local short form: As-Sudan
former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
|Government type:
|Federal republic ruled by the National Congress Party the (NCP), which came to power by military coup in 1989; the CPA-mandated Government of National Unity, which since 2005 provided a percentage of leadership posts to the south Sudan-based Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), was disbanded following the secession of South Sudan.
| name: Khartoum
geographic coordinates: 15 36 N, 32 32 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|17 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Kassala, Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Sharq Darfur (Eastern Darfur), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sinnar, Wasat Darfur (Central Darfur)
|1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
|the Government of Sudan is in the process of drafting a new constitution to replace the Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005
|Legal system:
|mixed legal system of Islamic law and English common law
|17 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the NCP (formerly the National Islamic Front or NIF) dominates al-BASHIR's cabinet (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: election on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR 68.2%, Yasir ARMAN 21.7%, Abdullah Deng NHIAL 3.9%, others 6.2%
note: al-BASHIR assumed power as chairman of Sudan's Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation (RCC) in June 1989 and served concurrently as chief of state, chairman of the RCC, prime minister, and minister of defense until mid-October 1993 when he was appointed president by the RCC; he was elected president by popular vote for the first time in March 1996
|Legislative branch:
| bicameral National Legislature consists of a Council of States (50 seats; members indirectly elected by state legislatures to serve six-year terms) and a National Assembly (450 seats; 60% from geographic constituencies, 25% from a women's list, and 15% from party lists; members to serve six-year terms)
elections: last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2016)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 323, SPLM 99, PCP 4, DUP 4, UFP 3, URDP 2, DUPO 2, SPLM-DC 2, other 7, vacant 4; composition of National Assembly following South Sudan's independence - seats by party - NCP 317, SPLM 8, PCP 4, DUP 4, UFP 3, URDP 2, DUPO 1, UP 1, UNP 1, UCLP 1, MB 1, independent 3, vacant 8 note: the mandate of the members from the south was terminated upon independence by the Republic of South Sudan effective 9 July 2011 and membership in Sudan's National Assembly was reduced to 354; it is unclear whether this total will be retained for the next election or whether the previous total of 450 will be reconstituted
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): National Supreme Court (consists of 70 judges organized into panels of 3 judges; court includes 4 circuits that operate outside the capital); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 justices including the court president); note - the Constitutional Court resides outside the national judiciary judge selection and term of office: National Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Service Commission, an independent body chaired by the chief justice of the republic and members including other judges and judicial and legal officials; Supreme Court judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 7 years
subordinate courts: National Court of Appeals; other national courts (not specified in the 2005 Interim National Constitution as to national or local authority); township and rural (peoples') courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Hatim al-SIR] Democratic Unionist Party-Original or DUPO Muslim Brotherhood or MB National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR] Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI] Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM Sudan People's Liberation Movement for Democratic Change or SPLM-DC [Lam AKOL Ajawin] Umma Party or UP Umma Federal Party or UFP Umma National Party or UNP Umma Reform and Development Party or URDP Umma Collective Leadership Party or UCLP
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Umma Party [SADIQ Siddiq al-Mahdi] Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI] Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI] Darfur rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement or JEM [Jabril IBRAHIM and other factional leaders] and the Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM [various factional leaders]
|International organization participation:
|ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
|National symbol(s):
|secretary bird
|National anthem:
| name: "Nahnu Djundulla Djundulwatan" (We Are the Army of God and of Our Land)
lyrics/music: Sayed Ahmad Muhammad SALIH/Ahmad MURJAN
note: adopted 1956; the song originally served as the anthem of the Sudanese military
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Elhafiz Eisa Abdulla ADAM
chancery: 2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 338-8565
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Joseph D. STAFFORD, III
embassy: Sharia Ali Abdul Latif Street, Khartoum
mailing address: P.O. Box 699, Kilo 10, Soba, Khartoum; APO AE 09829
telephone: [249] (187)-0-(22000)
|^Back to Top
Sudan is an extremely poor country that has had to deal with social conflict, civil war, and the July 2011 secession of South Sudan - the region of the country that had been responsible for about three-fourths of the former Sudan's total oil production. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since it began exporting oil in 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Following South Sudan''s secession, Sudan has struggled to maintain economic stability, because oil earnings now provide a far lower share of the country''s need for hard currency and for budget revenues. Sudan is attempting to generate new sources of revenues, such as from gold mining, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. Agricultural production continues to employ 80% of the work force. Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan''s secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction. Khartoum formally devalued the currency in June 2012, when it passed austerity measures that included gradually repealing fuel subsidies. Sudan also faces rising inflation, which reached 47% on an annual basis in November 2012. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years to come.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $86.67 billion (2012 est.) $90.66 billion (2011 est.) $92.4 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $59.94 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|-4.4% (2012 est.) -1.9% (2011 est.) 2.5% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $2,600 (2012 est.) $2,800 (2011 est.) $2,300 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|24.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 28.6% of GDP (2011 est.) 26.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 65.1%
government consumption: 10.9%
investment in fixed capital: 27.2%
investment in inventories: 3.3%
exports of goods and services: 7%
imports of goods and services: -13.4% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 65.1%
government consumption: 10.9%
investment in fixed capital: 27.2%
investment in inventories: 3.3%
exports of goods and services: 7%
imports of goods and services: -13.4% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangoes, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep and other livestock
|oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly
|Industrial production growth rate:
|-28.9% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|11.92 million (2007 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 80%
industry: 7%
services: 13% (1998 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|20% (2012 est.) 18.7% (2002 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|46.5% (2009 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 26.7% (2009 est.)
| revenues: $3.934 billion
expenditures: $7.627 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|6.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|106.4% of GDP (2012 est.) 96.2% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 31.9% (2012 est.) 18% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$3.575 billion (2012 est.) $208.1 million (2011 est.)
|$4.59 billion (2012 est.) $9.694 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar
|Exports - partners:
|UAE 63.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.2%, Ethiopia 5.3% (2012)
|$6.217 billion (2012 est.) $8.205 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat
|Imports - partners:
|Macau 18%, India 8.8%, Saudi Arabia 7.9%, Egypt 6.7%, UAE 5.2% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$297.9 million (31 December 2012 est.) $295 million (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$39.63 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $38.63 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|Exchange rates:
|Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar - 4.09 (2012 est.) 2.68 (2011 est.) 2.31 (2010 est.) 2.3 (2009) 2.1 (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|6.509 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 107
|Electricity - consumption:
|4.611 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|2.338 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|30.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|66.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|120,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|370,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|5 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|85,890 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|95,450 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|14,950 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|24,820 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|84.95 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|13.79 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 483,600 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 100
|Cellular Phones in use:
|25.056 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international: country code - 249; linked to the EASSy and FLAG fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2010)
|Broadcast media:
|the Sudanese Government directly controls TV and radio, requiring that both media reflect government policies; TV has a permanent military censor; a private radio station is in operation (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|99 (2012)
|Internet users:
|4.2 million (2008)
|^Back to Top
| 74 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 70
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 16
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 58
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 17
914 to 1,523 m: 28
under 914 m: 12 (2013)
|6 (2013)
|gas 156 km; oil 4,070 km; refined products 1,613 km (2013)
| total 5,978 km
narrow gauge: 4,578 km 1.067-m gauge; 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations (2008)
| total 11,900 km
paved: 4,320 km
unpaved: 7,580 km (2000)
|4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile rivers) (2011)
|Merchant marine:
| total 2
by type: cargo 2 (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|Port Sudan
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF): Land Forces, Navy (includes Marines), Sudanese Air Force (Sikakh al-Jawwiya as-Sudaniya), Popular Defense Forces (2011)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18-33 years of age for male and female compulsory or voluntary military service; 1-2 year service obligation; a requirement that completion of national service was mandatory before entering public or private sector employment has been cancelled (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 10,433,973
females age 16-49: 10,411,443 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 6,475,530
females age 16-49: 6,840,885 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 532,030
female: 512,476 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|4.2% of GDP (2012)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|the effects of Sudan's almost constant ethnic and rebel militia fighting since the mid-20th century have penetrated all of the neighboring states; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; as of 2006, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda provided shelter for over a half million Sudanese refugees, which include 240,000 Darfur residents driven from their homes by Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military forces; as of January 2011, Sudan, in turn, hosted about 138,700 Eritreans, 43,000 Chadians, and smaller numbers of Ethiopians; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia proceed slowly due to civil and ethnic fighting in eastern Sudan; Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers security and economic development of Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; periodic violent skirmishes with Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic; South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
|refugees (country of origin): 112,283 (Eritrea); 32,220 (Chad) (2012) IDPs: more than 2.4 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border) (2011)
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


text:
The Murcia Town Hall, at the far end of the plaza in this photo,
represented a contextual challenge for Spanish architect José Rafael
Moneo, whose firm has been selected to design Princeton's new
neuroscience and psychology buildings. The city's most public place was
defined by an imposing 16th-century cathedral on the east (foreground)
and the quieter cardinal's palace dating from 1768 on the south (at
left). Moneo's solution was to create a building "content in its role
as spectator, without seeking the status of protagonist" held by the
cathedral and the palace. It was completed in 1998.
Below left: Moneo designed the Kursaal Auditorium and Congress Center in San Sebastián to reflect the area's geography, which encompasses hills, beaches and capes. The outside of the building uses panels of curved glass that turn the façade into a dazzling source of light at night. The cultural complex, which houses an auditorium, chamber music hall, exhibition halls, meeting rooms, offices, a restaurant and musicians' services, was completed in 1999.
Photos courtesy of José Rafael Moneo Arquitecto
Web Stories
Moneo chosen as architect for neuroscience/psychology buildings
Posted September 7, 2006; 08:00 a.m.
José Rafael Moneo Arquitecto, the Madrid-based firm headed by
award-winning architect José Rafael Moneo, has been chosen to design
Princeton University's new neuroscience and psychology buildings.
Moneo, who is known for integrating contemporary architecture into rich physical contexts, has taught architecture as well as practiced it. He was chair of the Department of Architecture at Harvard University from 1985 to 1990 and currently lectures there as the first Josep Lluis Sert Professor of Architecture.
He has taught at a number of other institutions including Princeton, where he served as a visiting professor in 1982.
"It is with great pleasure that I return to the Princeton University campus for the design of the buildings for neuroscience and psychology -- a project that aims to redefine science in the 21st century," Moneo said. "I look forward to our close collaboration with the University and the departments to design buildings that will merge the strict requirements of research with the demanding complexities of the site."
The two buildings will be located south of the Icahn Laboratory and will be part of a natural sciences neighborhood the University is creating in the area south of Ivy Lane that straddles Washington Road. One will house the Department of Psychology, which will move from Green Hall farther north on Washington Road. The other will house the new neuroscience institute, announced in fall 2005, which will bridge many disciplines, including psychology, and take an innovative approach to studying the brain and nervous system. The buildings will be in close proximity and will be connected by shared space.
"Moneo is very thoughtful and analytical in his approach as an architect, and that's a nice fit for the buildings' uses," said Princeton Executive Vice President Mark Burstein. "He's an architect whose strength is in understanding the context of a site and designing structures to be successful within that context."
Burstein noted that one of the challenges of the project will be to design buildings for two academic units that want to maintain separate identities yet foster cross-disciplinary work. The two structures will be built on a site that borders a natural area. A sustainable design strategy will be key, he said.
The buildings represent Moneo's first work at Princeton, which in the last four years has selected several noted architects and their firms for construction projects, including: Frank Gehry for the Lewis Library to be completed in 2007; Demetri Porphyrios for Whitman College, also to be completed in 2007; Frederick Fisher and Partners for a new building for the Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering, a one-year project expected to begin in 2007; Pei Cobb Freed & Partners for the reconstructed Butler College, set to begin in 2007 and be finished in 2009; Hopkins Architects for the chemistry building, slated to be started in 2007 and finished in 2010; and Renzo Piano Building Workshop for an arts neighborhood design at the intersection of University Place and Alexander Street, for which preliminary plans will be unveiled this fall.
Award-winning design
Moneo, who established his firm in Madrid in 1965, is considered one of the most important figures in Spanish architecture. In 1992, he received the Spanish government's highest honor, the Gold Medal for Achievement in Fine Arts. In 1996, he earned both the International Union of Architects Gold Medal and the Pritzker Architecture Prize. The citation for the former noted his great success in "creating a balance between tradition and innovation."
In Spain, his projects include the Bankinter Building in Madrid, the Museum of Roman Art in Mérida, the L'Illa building in Barcelona, the Pilar and Joan Miró Museum in Palma de Mallorca, the town hall in Murcia, the Kursaal Auditorium and Congress Center in San Sebastián and the extension of the Prado Museum in Madrid.
In the United States, Moneo has designed the Davis Museum and Cultural Center at Wellesley College, the Houston Museum of Fine Arts, the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles and the Laboratory for Integrated Science and Engineering under construction at Harvard University.
Moneo will work on the Princeton project with Davis Brody Bond, a New York City firm with extensive science experience. The two currently are collaborating on a science building at Columbia University.
The buildings should encompass about 200,000 gross square feet and consist of multiple stories, according to Mark Wilson, program manager in Princeton's Office of Design and Construction. They will incorporate classrooms, laboratories, offices, meeting rooms and some specialty spaces, such as a place to house the University's functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner.
The buildings will be the focus over the next several years of fund-raising efforts, which will determine the construction schedule. The project site currently serves as a parking lot. Spaces for those vehicles will be created elsewhere on campus as part of the University's overall campus planning initiative.
The science neighborhood will include Fine, McDonnell, Jadwin and Peyton halls and the new Lewis Library and chemistry building on the east side of Washington Road and Thomas, Schultz, Moffett and Icahn labs, Eno and Guyot halls and the new neuroscience and psychology buildings on the west side. The two halves will be connected by a pedestrian bridge being designed by noted Swiss engineer Christian Menn in collaboration with HNTB, a New York-based architectural firm.


text:
Web Stories
Student Work: Clean water for Peru
Posted May 30, 2013; 02:15 p.m.
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Last summer, the Princeton chapter of Engineers Without Borders (EWB-PU) traveled to La Pitajaya, Peru, to construct the first phase of a potable water system. The community currently gets their water from a large river in the area that unfortunately has become significantly polluted from villages upstream. Therefore, the EWB-PU team and La Pitajaya residents plan to construct a system to pipe clean drinking water from a mountain source to both the upper and lower parts of the town. The summer 2012 trip saw the EWB-PU team and community beginning construction of the system for the upper, or "alta," section.
Video Closed Captions
JEREMY BLAIR: From August 7 to
September 3, 2012, the EWB
Princeton Peru Team was on site
in La Pitajaya, Peru, to
construct the first phase of
a potable water system.
EMILY MODER: The drinking water
in this community comes
from the Rio Moche, which is
a very large river and the
dumping ground for lots of
communities upstream.
So it's not surprising that the
water in these irrigation
canals has tons of fecal
coliform and bacteria in it.
JEREMY BLAIR: Due to differences
in water
availability and elevation in
sections of the community, the
EWB team and Pitajaya residents
plan to construct
two separate water systems,
one for the upper part of
town, alta, and one for the
lower part of town, baja.
The first phase of the
project is the
completion of the alta section.
First, the team had to identify
a suitable site for
water collection.
The site that had been
identified on the previous
planning trips now had
inadequate flow
due to the dry season.
Therefore, the site of water
captured was moved up
substantially in elevation.
In addition to more water, this
new site also offered
increased pressure throughout
the distribution system.
The team also worked with the
community to carry out a
variety of construction tasks.
A concrete structure for water
capture was built at the
source, with a pipe connection
to a spring box,
a regulation tank.
The base slab for the plastic
reservoir tank was also
By the end of the implementation
trip, the
reservoir base, water collection
system, and
concrete regulation tank
were completed.
The team also dug one kilometer
of trenches and
installed and buried the
pipeline for the stretch of
the distribution network.
Despite a number of unforeseen
circumstances, including
additional government approvals
and a community
electrification project that
was occurring at the same
time, the EWB Team made
substantial progress and were
continually impressed and
inspired by the motivation and
dedication of La Pitajaya's
EMILY MODER: My favorite part
of this trip was definitely
working in the community and
feeling like we really became
a part the community.
Feeling like, whenever we went
to work in Pitajaya, I felt
like I was with people who had
a shared passion for this
project and what
we were doing.
We had shared jokes,
shared experiences.
And in a way, it really felt
like coming home every time.
PRAKHAR AGARWAL: Princeton's
motto is "In the nation's
service, and in the service of
all nations." And this is
probably the first time that
I'm really getting to
implement this motto, to go
out and make it a reality.
It's a great project
to be able to do
as a college student.
I never expected to be able to
actually serve people at such
a young age.
I think it's really
kind of an awesome
experience in that way.