text:
Finland Population: 5,266,114244 VISITORS FROM HERE!
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|Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are a high standard of education, equality promotion, and national social security system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy.
Long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
|Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 338,145 sq km
land: 303,815 sq km
water: 34,330 sq km
Size comparison: slightly smaller than Montana
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 2,654 km
border countries: Norway 727 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,313 km
|1,250 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)
contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
|mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point: Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m
|Natural resources:
|timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
|Land use:
| arable land: 6.65%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 93.34% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|685.8 sq km (2010)
|Current Environment Issues:
|air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Finn(s)
adjective: Finnish
|Ethnic groups:
|Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.6%, Russian 0.5%, Estonian 0.3%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.1%, Sami 0.1% (2006)
|Finnish (official) 91.2%, Swedish (official) 5.5%, other (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) 3.3% (2007)
|Lutheran Church of Finland 82.5%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 15.1% (2006)
|5,266,114 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 15.8% (male 424,571/female 410,042)
15-24 years: 12.3% (male 329,625/female 316,585)
25-54 years: 38.3% (male 1,026,525/female 988,772)
55-64 years: 14.4% (male 374,685/female 385,933)
65 years and over: 19.2% (male 421,854/female 587,522) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 55 %
youth dependency ratio: 25.5 %
elderly dependency ratio: 29.5 %
potential support ratio: 3.4 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 43 years
male: 41.2 years
female: 44.8 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|0.06% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|10.36 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|10.42 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 85% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|HELSINKI (capital) 1.107 million (2009)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|27.9 (2005 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|5 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 3.38 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 79.55 years
male: 76.09 years
female: 83.15 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.73 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Health expenditures:
|9% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|2.74 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
|Hospital bed density:
|6.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.1% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|2,600 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|23% (2008)
|Education expenditures:
|6.8% of GDP (2009)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100% (2000 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 17 years
male: 16 years
female: 18 years (2011)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 18.9%
male: 19.3%
female: 18.4% (2011)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Republic of Finland
conventional short form: Finland
local long form: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland
local short form: Suomi/Finland
|Government type:
| name: Helsinki
geographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|Administrative divisions:
|19 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen, singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland]
|6 December 1917 (from Russia)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
|1 March 2000
|Legal system:
|civil law system based on the Swedish model; note - the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Sauli NIINISTO (since 1 March 2012)
head of government: Prime Minister Jyrki KATAINEN (since 22 June 2011)
cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 5 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2018); the parliament elects a prime minister who is then appointed to office by the president
election results: percent of vote - Sauli NIINISTO (Kok) 36.96%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 18.76%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (Kesk) 17.53%, Timo SOINI (TF) 9.4%, Paavo LIPPONEN (SDP) 6.7%, Paavo ARHINMÄKI (Vas) 5.48%, Eva BIAUDET (SFP) 2.7%, Sari ESSAYAH (KD) 2.47%; a runoff election between NIINISTO and HAAVISTO was held 5 February 2012 - NIINISTO 62.59%, HAAVISTO 37.41%; Jyrki KATAINEN elected prime minister; election results 118-72
note: government coalition - Kok, SDP, Vihr, SFP, Vas, and KD (2013)
|Legislative branch:
| unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 17 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015)
election results: percent of vote by party - Kok 20.4%, SDP 19.1%, TF 19.1%, Kesk 15.8%, Vas 8.1%, Vihr 7.3%, SFP 4.3%, KD 4%, other 1.9%; seats by party - Kok 44, SDP 42, TF 39, Kesk 35, Vas 14, Vihr 10, SFP 9, KD 6, other 1 (the constituency of Aland)
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges including the court president and organized into 3 chambers) note - Finland has a dual judicial system - courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction, and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communities judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court judges appointed by the president of the republic; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65
subordinate courts: 6 Courts of Appeal; 8 regional administrative courts; 27 district courts; special courts for issues relating to markets, labor, insurance, impeachment, land, tenancy, and water rights
|Political parties and leaders:
|Center Party or Kesk [Juha SIPILA] Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN] Green League or Vihr [Ville NIINISTO] Left Alliance or Vas [Paavo ARHINMAKI] National Coalition Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN] Social Democratic Party or SDP [Jutta URPILAINEN] Swedish People's Party or SFP [Carl HAGLUND] The Finns Party or TF [Timo SOINI]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|International organization participation:
|ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|National symbol(s):
|National anthem:
| name: "Maamme" (Our Land)
lyrics/music: Johan Ludvig RUNEBERG/Fredrik PACIUS
note: in use since 1848; although never officially adopted by law, the anthem has been popular since it was first sung by a student group in 1848; Estonia's anthem uses the same melody as that of Finland
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Ritva KOUKKU-RONDE
chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Bruce J. ORECK
embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14B, 00140 Helsinki
mailing address: APO AE 09723
telephone: [358] (9) 616250
|^Back to Top
Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output almost as high as that of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Trade is important with exports accounting for over one third of GDP in recent years. Finland is strongly competitive in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in high-tech exports such as mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU in recent years and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in 2009, with Finland experiencing one of the deepest contractions in the euro zone. A recovery of exports, domestic trade, and household consumption stimulated economic growth in 2010-11. The recession affected general government finances and the debt ratio, turning previously strong budget surpluses into deficits, but Finland has taken action to ensure it will meet EU deficit targets by 2013 and retains its triple-A credit rating. Finland's main challenge in 2013 will be to stimulate growth in the face of weak demand in EU export markets and government austerity measures meant to reduce its budget deficit. Longer-term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $200.7 billion (2012 est.) $201.1 billion (2011 est.) $195.7 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $250.1 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|-0.2% (2012 est.) 2.8% (2011 est.) 3.3% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $37,000 (2012 est.) $37,200 (2011 est.) $36,400 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|18.7% of GDP (2012 est.) 20.6% of GDP (2011 est.) 21% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 56.3%
government consumption: 24.8%
investment in fixed capital: 19.4%
investment in inventories: 1.2%
exports of goods and services: 39.8%
imports of goods and services: -40.5% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 56.3%
government consumption: 24.8%
investment in fixed capital: 19.4%
investment in inventories: 1.2%
exports of goods and services: 39.8%
imports of goods and services: -40.5% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish
|metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
|Industrial production growth rate:
|-1.8% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|2.69 million (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture and forestry: 4.4%
industry: 15.5% construction: 7.1% commerce: 21.3% finance, insurance, and business
services: 13.3% transport and communications: 9.9% public services: 28.5% (2011)
|Unemployment rate:
|7.8% (2012 est.) 7.8% (2011 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 3.6%
highest 10%: 24.7% (2007)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|26.8 (2008) 25.6 (1991)
| revenues: $134.5 billion
expenditures: $139.8 billion note: Central Government Budget (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|53.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
| 53% of GDP (2012 est.) 49.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.2% (2012 est.) 3.3% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$3.6 billion (2012 est.) -$1.86 billion (2011 est.)
|$73.4 billion (2012 est.) $79.15 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, basic metals; timber
|Exports - partners:
|Sweden 11.1%, Russia 9.9%, Germany 9.4%, Netherlands 6.4%, US 6.1%, UK 5.1%, China 4.6% (2012)
|$73.15 billion (2012 est.) $80.89 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, computers, electronic industry products, textile yarn and fabrics, grains
|Imports - partners:
|Russia 17.8%, Sweden 14.8%, Germany 13.9%, Netherlands 8%, China 4.4% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$11.08 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $10.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$599.3 billion (31 December 2012) $478.5 billion (31 December 2011)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$134.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $128.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$186.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $173 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$143.1 billion (31 December 2011) $118.2 billion (31 December 2010) $91.02 billion (31 December 2009)
|Exchange rates:
|euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7778 (2012 est.) 0.7185 (2011 est.) 0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|76.16 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 39
|Electricity - consumption:
|77.66 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|5.218 billion kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|15.72 billion kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|16.32 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|52.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|16.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|19.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|12% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|215,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|301,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|204,800 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|133,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|103,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|4.101 billion cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|4.101 billion cu m (2011 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|54.4 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 1.08 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 73
|Cellular Phones in use:
|8.94 million (2009)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: modern system with excellent service
domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive mobile-cellular network provide domestic needs
international: country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) (2011)
|Broadcast media:
|a mix of publicly operated TV stations and privately owned TV stations; the 2 publicly owned TV stations recently expanded services and the largest private TV station has introduced several special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals have been broadcast digitally since September 2007; analog broadcasts via cable networks were terminated in February 2008; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters (2008)
|Internet country code:
|.fi; note - Aland Islands assigned .ax
|Internet hosts:
|4.763 million (2012)
|Internet users:
|4.393 million (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 148 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 39
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 74
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 26
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 21
under 914 m: 14 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 74
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 71 (2013)
|gas 1,689 km (2010)
| total 5,944 km
broad gauge: 5,944 km 1.524-m gauge (3,067 km electrified) (2013)
| total 78,000 km
paved: 50,000 km (includes 700 km of expressways)
unpaved: 28,000 km
note: there 78,000 km of highways, 350,000 km of private and forest roads, and 26,000 km of urban roads giving Finland a total 450,000 km
|8,000 km (includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia; water transport is used frequently in the summer and is widely replaced with sledges on the ice in winter; there are 187,888 lakes in Finland that cover 31,500 km); Finand also maintains 8,200 km of coastal fairways (2013)
|Merchant marine:
| total 97
by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 25, carrier 1, chemical tanker 6, container 3, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 16, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 31, vehicle carrier 3
foreign-owned: 5 (Cyprus 1, Estonia 2, Iceland 1, Sweden 1)
registered in other countries: 47 (Bahamas 8, Germany 3, Gibraltar 2, Malta 3, Netherlands 13, Panama 2, Sweden 16) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army (Puolustusvoimat), Navy (Merivoimat; includes Coastal Defense Forces), Air Force (Ilmavoimat) (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age for male voluntary and compulsory - and female voluntary - national military and nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months; military obligation to age 60 (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 1,155,368
females age 16-49: 1,106,193 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 955,151
females age 16-49: 912,983 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 32,599
female: 31,416 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|2% of GDP (2005 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
stateless persons: 2,017 (2012)
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


text:
University Archivist Daniel Linke delves into the archives to reveal the oldest existing copy of Princeton's charter. The video "Princeton at 265" focuses on Charter Day, the anniversary of the document's signing on Oct. 22, 1746, which is celebrated as the University's birthday.
Photo by Nick Barberio
Archival images courtesy of University Archives, Mudd Library
Web Stories
Video feature: Princeton at 265
Posted October 20, 2011; 12:00 p.m.
This year marks the 265th anniversary of the signing of Princeton University's charter, which was granted on Oct. 22, 1746. Known as Charter Day, the date is celebrated as the University's birthday.
In an era known as "the Great Awakening," the seven founders and early leaders of what was then known as the College of New Jersey believed in challenging orthodoxy and being open to all sources of knowledge. "Princeton at 265," a video documenting celebrations of Charter Day, looks at how this spirit of dissent infuses and informs the University to this day.
Play the "Princeton at 265" video.
In the video, University Archivist Daniel Linke provides a rare close-up glimpse of the oldest existing copy of Princeton's charter, carefully preserved in the University Archives at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library. The video also includes archival footage from the 200th anniversary convocation in 1946 and the 250th anniversary convocation in 1996. Highlights from the 1996 convocation include a moving keynote speech by Toni Morrison, the 1993 winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the Robert F. Goheen Professor in the Council of the Humanities Emeritus.

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
This past weekend our Troops plan was to float a portion of the Deschutes River in Central Oregon. We all knew going into this activity that there was risk as well as the opportunity to challenge our selves. What we could never plan for was how well the Scouts did in the adventure leading to the adventure.
The Big River Campground is three and half hours away from our meeting hall, so we left a little earlier than we typically do to give us time in the day light to set up camp and relax for the night.
An hour out of town one of the cars in the convey starts "acting up", so we pulled over, checked out and pushed on. Two hours into the trip that same car came to its final leg in a town called Madras. The car was finished, could not move. So we parked it and started planning on first how to recover the car and then second how to keep moving to camp. We decided to leave the car where it sat, right behind the Sonic. The owner was kind enough to let us keep it there. The next part was a bit more of a challenge. We had to transport 4 Scouts and a Driver to Sunriver… another hour and half.
We squeezed one more small Scout into a seat belt and left the remainder at the Sonic with the driver. The rest of the Troop moved on to the campground.
On the return to the Sonic from the campground one of the ASMs that was the shuttle car struck a deer on the highway. The deer was extremely hurt and so a call to 911 sent the State Police to the scene. They took car of the deer filled a report and the ASM was on his way back to Madras. Not a scratch on his car.
They loaded up the car and turned around heading to camp. By the time they arrived in camp it was 3 AM.
So where are the Scouts during all of this… well most of them do what all Scouts do when they get in the car… sleep. But what was surprising was the first year Scouts that proved that they wanted to be helpful. They volunteered to stay back. They helped unload, move and reload gear, they seemed to be everywhere doing everything. Hats off to them.
The adventure on the water was amazing. We floated the river returning back to camp around 6:30 PM. Needless to say spending a day on the river, a lot of the boys having a limited amount of sleep made for a real quiet night in camp on Saturday.
On the way home we rearranged all the kayaks and stopped into Madras to get the broken down car. We got it into the boat trailer, again the Scouts of the Troop giving 100% in chipping in to help as went and got the Troop Cheese Burgers and Fries.
We ate and returned home. Stories to tell and adventure had by all.
That's what its all about.
Have a Great Scouting Day!


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- 100% acrylic, low VOC formula
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- Internet/Catalog:
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well here we go again another great product from behr. This paint is deep and rich goes on smooth, fills the brush with every stroke, very spreadable, dries to almost glass like perfection. It is one of myfavorite in the price range. I will buy again no problem thanks BEHR
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text:
Journal Journal: Can't Log In from My Laptop 11
I can't log in to slashdot from my laptop. Every browser - and even from a browser running on a vm - it always fails. Not sure why but as long as it persists my posting will be less frequent.
I can't log in to slashdot from my laptop. Every browser - and even from a browser running on a vm - it always fails. Not sure why but as long as it persists my posting will be less frequent.
Don't know why - but I really like that combination.
I've gotten off my schedule of reading Starship Troopers and TMiaHM every year - but I did just reread The Moon is a Harsh Mistress last week-end. My wife was in Ukraine and I was kind of bored but not motivated enough to do something that took effort.
I've outgrown RAH's politics but I still love the story.
For some reason magnet links that I clicked in Chrome were opening the Transmission client instead of Ktorrent. I remember doing something in the past related to this - though I think the issue then was that chrome didn't know how to handle them at all.
So I started digging and founds all kinds of people who had the issue, different solutions and most of it was pretty old. The lowdown - as far as I can tell is that chrome uses xdg-open and I'm pretty sure that is what I set.
I looked in
I think in the upgrade this got borked.
Plasma 5 is mostly pretty much working for me now. I'd have rather stayed on 4 longer but I guess it is o.k. I really just need a new machine. They keep making stuff take more resources and my little Acer just can't keep up.
Support for Fedora 21 is coming to an end and so I decided to upgrade to Fedora 22.
I don't run the default Fedora install, I use the KDE spin. I realize KDE isn't the primary desktop for Fedora, but until now it's been alright. I use Fedora for a lot of reasons but mostly because it is the distro I know. I know it because it is the first distro I used on a regular basis for more than just messing around. I did that because at my work we got a new server running RedHat.
I've really been putting off this update. It's the move from KDE Plasma 4 to 5.
It's taken me all day but I think I have it working. I'm scared to reboot and the next time I have to run an update will probably suck. I had so many stupid things happen today trying to get this to work. The kicker is my second display. Everything is fine if I use the built-in intel graphics or my Nvidia card with one display. But as soon as I added the second everything went to crap.
There were times I could only log into KDE as root. Then - and I'm not sure how - I got it fixed. I mean there is still some weird stuff happening but it seems to mostly work. Both monitors are on and displaying at the resolution I want.
Maybe I can hang in there long enough for this stuff to get smoothed over. I made it through the jump from 3 to 4.
The kicker is though - if I log into Gnome it works without any issues. It's just that I hate Gnome.
I don't use RHEL any more - maybe I need to jump over to Suse or something.
The Offspring released a new album in 2012 and I didn't know until yesterday. There are implications to that I need to get sorted but now you know what I'm listening to all day while I work.
They have a newer song out which I heard on the radio, which is what clued me in that something had been done since Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace. (Which was the 'new album' in my brain until yesterday even though it's 5 or 6 years old. Not that that is a big deal. I also think of Seventh Son of a Seventh Son as 'new' Maiden and that came out in '88)
I may start streaming US radio stations to stay more aware of what is going on in music back home.
I have a file on my machine - render.conf
I just did the following:
cp render.conf render-snap.conf
mv render.conf render-main.conf
mv render-snap.conf render.conf
And then I just laughed at myself for a bit. It made sense when I did it and as soon as I had I realized how stupid it was.
I've been working on a little side project. I would like to have an app where people can read updates that I send out. It seemed like a fun way to learn more about programming mobile apps and it's something I could actually use if I can get it to a decent state.
I'm keeping it simple. I decided the app would just be an rss feed reader. And that meant I need a feed. I want it to be very specific to my app so I decided the way to go would be to just create my own back end for creating the feed. I decided to use php and I wrote a simple set up using the codeigniter framework. That gave me a quick way to set up authorization and it was easy to tie in styling from bootstrap so that things can look decent without any effort.
I've been doing all the work at my office, on my desktop running Fedora. I have two nice big lcd monitors and developing on Linux is just so easy. I had the environment up and running in no time.
Then this week my son got sick. Nothing serious - but enough for him to stay home from school for a few days. I worked from home to keep an eye on him. I've been putting off getting my Macbook set up to do this kind of stuff but now I really needed to tackle it. Ugh - what a pain. The machine itself has grown on me. The hardware is decent and works pretty well. The software isn't horrible. But oh my word - when I want to do anything 'out of the ordinary' and by that I mean any kind of meaningful work with the system, it is pretty bad. I know lots of professional developers use Macs but I'm stunned at what a pain it is to do things that are trivially easy in Linux.
Getting Mysql installed and running with Apache was a lot more work. Getting PHP working the way I want took more time than it ever has before. Things are far from ideal even now, but I've got it to a point where it works.
And now I have my code in 3 places. So I'll be using github to keep code in sync between them. It's a little more of a challenge because I have the production environment set up a little differently than the dev environment. But not so differently that it is a huge deal. I have ssh access to my hosting environment (Bluehost) so that makes it pretty easy. - Oh and that is the one thing that saves the mac - having bash. If it didn't I'd have given up on it long ago.
I got a thing from the IRS and they want me to fill out an on-line form.
To successfully complete the form I have to enter my filing address and it has to match my return. The form fields don't allow me to correctly enter the address.
So the address has to match for the form to validate, but the form wont allow me to enter the address correctly. It's beautiful. There's an email address to send information about the process and it says below the address that you can send an email but they wont respond. Super.
So I go to the page with a phone number to call. It says "You can call between 7 am and 7 pm your local time." I'd wager not.
I've never had a problem with the IRS or filing until this year. Something has put me onto some list with them, which they wont tell me about other than in a general way and now everything is exponentially more difficult. Fantastic.
The video editor built into youtube is surprisingly decent. It lets you cut videos up, add transitions, add photos, add text, put in music, all kinds of stuff.
With it running on their side I was able to edit up a bunch of separate videos, and then leave them processing while I did other stuff. It made it possible to do a lot of videos in parallel and not have my machine bogged down with it. Not bad.
It's not the greatest but for simple stuff that you just want to get up - it is pretty awesome. And it's really easy to get authenticated (or authorized or whatever) to load longer content than the default. I've been putting up stuff that is over an hour long without any problems.
We did our first home delivery from Tesco yesterday. My wife ordered on-line and they brought our stuff inside the window we were given for the delivery. The fee for delivery was 299 HUF which is about $1.10 right now.
It was a pretty awesome deal. The guy brought everything right in. There was a slight mix up - but that's because when people use GPS to come to our house it always takes them to my neighbor a little down the street. I don't know how it works in other parts of Europe, but in Hungary they seem to change the numbering of streets at a higher frequency than the U.S. So my house number is 6 but that use to be my neighbor Zsolt's house number and a lot of systems still think it is.
So the guy called me and after a moment or two of me fumbling around for the right Hungarian words, I realized he was 'here' and went outside to bring him in. A few minutes later we'd checked everything over, paid and we were all set. With gas going for around 400 HUF a liter, I doubt we could drive to the store and get it for less than we paid to have it delivered. On top of that the whole thing took maybe 10 minutes at most. If I go get it all myself I'm gone for over an hour. So we'll be using it again.
I got a message that the OTA update to Lollipop was available for my Nexus 7 so I installed it.
It made the tablet unusable. Performance was atrocious, battery life could dropped to a couple hours. It couldn't play music. Doing anything took so long (if it worked at all) that it was really not worth it.
I googled around. One suggestion was to clear the cache. I tried to do that but when I tried to boot into recovery that always failed with an error about "No command found."
So finally I just flashed it back to Kit Kat.
I'm wrapping that up now. Google backup is reinstalling my apps and such. Hopefully things will improve. I know it's 3 years old but I really like it and I don't think it's too much to ask for it to still run well.
My son updated his too (he has the 2013 model) and he's been complaining. So this was a good run through if he wants me to do the same for his. I don't think the impact on his was as bad. He may just not like how lollipop looks. I'll talk to him about it this week-end and see what he wants to do.
Fun times.
To get the most out of ffmpeg on Fedora - as far as I can tell - it needs to be compiled, not installed from a package manager. This is the only way I could find to get it with libfdk_aac support. I tried other stuff and then just went ahead and followed the very thorough guide on installing from source, right here: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/CompilationGuide/Centos
Though there was one thing I needed that they didn't have in the dependencies - libtool. That was quickly rectified. So if you do this - might as well add that on the front end. I noticed the need when there was an error with autoconf for one of the parts.
I use my Fedora desktop to work on development of all kinds. I love that with a Linux machine I can have a machine that matches my production environment very nicely and all the tools I want are there and work pretty well together.
I appreciate SELinux since it is there to keep me safe.
But sometimes - it is a frigging pain. I'm messing about with Yii, a PHP framework and I kept running into problems with permissions. At first I thought it was regular permissions but quickly realized that wasn't it and google pointed me to SELinux. Apache can't write to stuff in
I did lots of reading. I found one way to fix it, though that way quit working after I had to log out to get a change to a group setting to go into effect. And I read a lot more and it was hard to understand it all, confusing and finally I setenforce=0 and got to work.
I realize that this is a bad habit and I shouldn't do it - but I just need to finish stuff. I'd like a nice way to manage this. Any of you may feel free to make that happen.
I am in the office today. I'm pretty sure I'm the only person in the building. So today I'm doing something I almost never do - I'm listening to music via my speakers rather than using my headphones.
When I kicked off Amarok I went to switch the audio from the headphones to the speakers and realized I hadn't installed pavucontrol. I pulled it up in apper and saw that it was a gtk program. Not a big deal in itself. I have other gtk stuff already installed. But it just made me think - KDE must have a way to do this itself. That got me looking at Kmix but I couldn't find anything that would let me switch the audio from one device to another. So I installed pavucontrol, started listening to my musics and thought, this is a situation that should be fixed.
It seems like if this were going to happen in KDE it should happen with Kmix. So I looked up the project and got ready to email the maintainer. Then I thought, "There must be a place to put feature requests." I ended up at the KDE bug database and that is when I decided to search and see if this was already something in work. Searching the database was a little tricky - but I did end up seeing a bug report for kmix crashing when a stream was moved to a different device.
So I went back to Kmix. Right clicking on a stream brings up a menu that includes "Move" and there it was. I'm glad it already does what I want. I just wish it was easier to know. The Kmix handbook doesn't mention it and opening the Mixer it still works the same way - there's no menu that does the same thing without right clicking on a stream. I have this fear of a future where I just go right clicking all over the ui of everything I use, looking for stuff I need.
I love KDE and appreciate all the work that goes into it. Shoot - maybe this is a chance for me to contribute something. This is the kind of easy thing I could probably figure out. Anyway this is a note to myself for when I forget later. Plus it might help someone else.
On an unrelated note - when I hear Lorde's Royals - I can't help but hear the Weird Al version. He really nailed that one.
I run a Vbox instance of Fedora on my mac. It was Fedora 20 but I used Fedup to upgrade it to Fedora 21.
When I did that and updated everything I ran into a problem where guest additions wasn't working. And I don't know about other situations but in this one when Guest Additions isn't working then the VM is pretty much unusable. So I was digging around trying to figure it out. The install would run and complain about not being able to find the kernel headers but they were installed. Along with all other necessary packages.
I found a note where someone realized that using a debug kernel was there issue. I'd seen that listed as a kernel option when I'd booted - I'd never noticed it before but I didn't really think about it. So when I rebooted I just chose the kernel that didn't list -debug and then everything worked. I'm not sure just what's going on and I need to look into getting it so that the right kernel is automatically chosen every time, rather than my having to manually choose it. But at least it works now.
It is much harder to find a job than to keep one.


text:
Everyone knows there's a specific type of footwear for every occasion, and now is the time to complete your collection during our incredible shoe sale. Right now, you can find incredible deals on everything from men's dress shoes for that important job interview coming up to women's cross training footwear for maximizing potential at the gym. With hundreds of shoes on sale featuring all the biggest brand names and styles, you'll be sure to find exactly what you and your feet need. For those hesitant to splurge on a fancy pair of shoes for work or other formal occasions, now is the time to save big on the quality brand names you know and trust. During this expansive shoe sale, you can shop through dozens of exclusive deals, from marked down prices on leather slip-ons to penny loafers to the classic, traditional oxford dress shoes. There are dozens of styles and colors to choose from, so be sure to take your time shopping for that classy pair of dress shoes that will be sure to make a strong impression.
When we're not at work or on the go, we need a shoe that matches our relaxing attitude. Keep things laid back by shopping for all the latest casual footwear styles. There are plenty of unisex shoes and sandals ideal for kicking back around the house or taking it easy with some friends. Our shoe sale even includes deals on slippers, for those extremely serene occasions, so no matter how you're trying to relax, you can rest assured that there's a great deal on the right footwear for the occasion.
Looking for an even better selection of shoes and footwear? Head over to our shoes department for an unbeatable assortment!


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We are taking a brief break in the Simply Fat Quarters Showcase to show you all of the quilts at Fall Market this past weekend. Quilts from the book were scattered around the convention center, all done up in so many different collections. There were 11 Simply Fat Quarters quilts in total, and we are excited to show them to you! We are so proud of each of our Simply Fat Quarters quilts and couldn't help but snap a photo of each one as we wandered through the convention center.
Next week Kaye Prince of Miss Print will be revealing her Simply Fat Quarter Showcase quilt, you won't want to miss it!


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Olivia Palermo attends the 2012 Convivio charity gala event on June 7, 2012, in Milan, Italy. (Photo by Getty Images)
We say: That's Hot.
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Your location: Funds under Management of the GEF > LDCF
The Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) was established under the Convention in 2001 to assist Least Developed Country Parties carry out the preparation and implementation of national adaptation programmes of action (NAPAs). In the course of preparing NAPAs, the LDCs identify priority activities that respond to their urgent and immediate needs with regard to adaptation to climate change.
The following tables display information on LDCF projects to date. The first table below (LDCF - Country) presents the data by country, whereas the second table further down (LDCF - Global and Regional) shows the resources that have been assigned for projects with more than one country involved or projects considered to be global in scope.
The drop-down list boxes allow search across the data. The search affects both tables, by country and by regional and global projects.
© 2011 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change


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By FoodmyLovely, member
Posted: October 22nd, 2012
If using the garlic, stir it into the butter. Put the breadcrumbs in a medium bowl and drizzle the butter over the crumbs. Add a pinch of salt and the Parmigiano-Reggiano or pecorino (if using). With your hands, toss well to combine. Set aside.
Position a rack in the center of the oven and heat the oven to 350 degrees F.
Melt the butter in a heavy-duty 3- to 4-quart saucepan. Whisk in the flour and continue to whisk over low heat for 3 minutes; the butter and flour should gently bubble and froth without coloring. Slowly add the milk, while whisking constantly. Be sure to whisk around the edges of the pan to get all the lumps. Whisk until the sauce is smooth and has the consistency of heavy cream, about 6 minutes. Raise the heat to medium and bring the sauce to a simmer, whisking constantly. Lower the heat to maintain a gentle simmer and cook, whisking occasionally, for 10 minutes.
Turn off the heat and gently whisk in the Cheddar and mustard. Season to taste with salt. Keep warm.
Bring a large pot of well-salted water to a boil over high heat. Add the campanelle and cook, stirring occasionally, until al dente, about 1 minute less than indicated on the package. Drain well and return to the pot.
Add the cheese sauce, brussels sprouts and pancetta to the pasta and gently stir to combine.
Transfer the pasta mixture to a 9x13-inch baking dish and evenly scatter the reserved breadcrumbs on top. Bake at 350 degrees F until the top is golden, about 15 minutes. Serve immediately.


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Cave Man - Skin for Macbook Pro Retina 13"Macmerise Skins
Macmerise Laptop Skins are premium, thin, easy-to-remove, vinyl skins for customizing your macbook. Skins are made from a patented air release technology material that eliminates air bubbles and wrinkles for easy application. Macmerise Laptop skins also offer residue free removal. Each skin comes with a set of instruction sheet so that its extremely easy to apply. The skins are custom made as per your macbooks size and curves. It also has a cutout for the apple logo to glow. Laptop skins cover the back of your laptop screen in entirely. The laser sharp print infusion technology used in our designs makes your favorite gadget stand out. Its truly your Laptops second skin.
If you are not sure which macbook you have, simply click on the apple logo and select about this mac from the dropdown. If you are still unsure, you can send us an email or call us with the details and we shall get the correct one for you.


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Compare great BMW Convertible Roof Repair prices in Morpeth with Who Can Fix My Car.
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excellent garage will definitely use again
"Cavendish Motor Company Limited is an independent authorised Bosch Car Servicing and Repair centre, we specialise in car servicing, air conditioning, diagnostics and MOT's in the Ashington, Cramlington, Blyth and Morpeth areas.Offering high quality servicing at a fraction of the cost of main dealer pricing. We cover most manufacturers including Audi, BMW, Citroen, Fiat, Ford, Mercedez, Mini, Nissan, Peugeot, Renault, Seat, Skoda, Vauxhall, VW, Volkswagen and more. From oil changes to Timing Belts save up to 1/3 of dealer pricing."
"CarBar Automotive maintain a proud reputation for providing a valued, quality and reliable service for a variety of car repair services in the Morpeth and Northumberland area. Located on Coopies Lane Industrial Estate in Morpeth we pride ourselves on being welcoming, professional and mindful of the fact that customers expect good prices without sacrificing quality of work."
,Formed in 1995 Sovereign Motors has many years experience in the car repair and servicing trade and provides a reliable, competitive and friendly service to customers in the North East. The company is owned by Ian Parkinson who has been involved in the motor trade for over 40 years. He is a VOSA approved vehicle tester. We source a wide range of quality parts which are reliable and readily available from local distributors.
We are a small friendly family business (Since 1955) and I have to say that my brother John and i along with our friendly staff put great stock in keeping our customers happy and through recommendations and our feedback we are second to none across the North East ( website at www.liongarages.co.uk, email on [email protected] .) Please go online to see us.
In fact there are at least 12 customers from the Newcastle Upon Tyne area who are happy to travel to our workshop and i quote "would not go anywhere else " or "i am glad i found this place".
We may be further away (i estimate 20 minutes extra added to your journey NE22 5TZ) but we offer a good quality service at a very good price.
As i have said we are a member of the MOTOR CODES http://www.motorcodes.co.uk the best garage scheme available to the consumer because they test us every year to RAC standards and we received 100% this year so check our feedback .We only use Original Equipment(OE) quality parts and all work has a nationwide guarantee for 12 months or 12,000 miles through ourselves and our trade body - Retail Motor Industry Federation (RMI).
Robert at the LION GARAGE LTD 1955 BEDLINGTON
Trusted Professionals Since 1955
Best Regards
John Coulson
Service Manager
Lion Garage (Bedlington) Ltd
15 Front Street West, Bedlington, Northumberland, NE22 5TZ
T: 01670 828505 F: 01670 820107 E: [email protected]
W: www.liongarages.co.uk
Registered in England: 547557 VAT Registration No: 176 0579 42
This message contains confidential information and is intended only for the individual named. If you are not the named addressee you should not disseminate, distribute or copy this e-mail. Please notify the sender immediately by e-mail if you have received this e-mail by mistake and delete this e-mail from your system. E-mail transmission cannot be guaranteed to be secure or error-free as information could be intercepted, corrupted, lost, destroyed, arrive late or incomplete, or contain viruses. The sender therefore does not accept liability for any errors or omissions in the contents of this message, which arise as a result of e-mail transmission. If verification is required please request a hard-copy version. LION GARAGE LTD, FRONT STREET WEST, BEDLINGTON, NORTHUMBERLAND, NE22 5TZ. www.liongarages.co.uk


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Osaka Airport (ITM)
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» Government Ethics and Lobbying Reform
Take Action
Learn More
Database Methodology
The database on this Web site reflects presidential bundlers whom Public Citizen has learned of since the 2000 campaign.
Bundlers are fundraisers whose efforts are tracked and quantified by the campaigns to which they funnel contributions. In most cases, the bundlers listed here were disclosed by the campaigns for which they worked. In a few cases, primarily for 2008, the database includes "unofficial" bundlers whose identities were disclosed in press reports, state-level campaign Web sites, or through other decentralized means.
To obtain official bundlers only, check the "Name Released By Campaign" option on the database search interface.
Search Again | Back to Results
| Employer:
| Aboussie & Associates
| State:
| Bundler Status for 2008:
Hillraiser (Hillary Clinton), raised at least $100000
| Name Disclosed By Candidate:
| Bundler Status for 2012:
Bundler for Barack Obama, raised at least $200000
| Name Disclosed By Candidate:
|Federal Lobbyist:


text:
Universal Fit
EarSonics SM3 Universal Fit IEM
"Remember those essays you had to write in grade school? Well I do even if you don't. In honor of that memory, I am going to write: What does the EarSonics SM3 mean to me? Back in March I was going to order the EarSonics SM3 based off the few things I have read about them, even though it wasn't much. But then something stopped me. Could they really be that good, and the shipping cost was as..." --average_joe
EarSonics SM64
"I've now had these earphones for over a year and I remain breathless at how versatile they are. The below list should give readers of this review a good idea of the kind of sound I have been used to in the past as I have owned the following. IEM's: - Westone W40 - Shure 530/535 SE (Red) - Sennheiser IE8/IE80 - Etymotic ER-4S HEADPHONES: - Sennheiser HD 650 - Sennheiser HD 580 - Audio..." --gregaus
EarSonics SM3 v2 universal in-ear monitors
"http://www.earsonics.com/SM3%20engl.htm v2 page. Aside from the cable and new body, my impressions match what I had in my v1 review. http://www.head-fi.org/products/earsonics-sm3-universal-fit-iem/reviews/4422 Otherwise, these sound about the same as v1/the new ear-piece body shape is a lot more ergonomic(seems to be a bit smaller as well, but not as easy to get a good seal... At the same..." --svyr
EarSonics SM2 v2
"The sound is one of a kind for BA, bass heavy sound signature. These are some of the bassiest BA you can find, with good instrument separation and soundstage. IMO really good for metal music, vocals are a bit far, v shape frequency responds. Build quality for the earphone body is just fine, but cable and tips have lots of flaws. Update: these phones sounds so much better after..." --10shot9miss
EarSonics SM2
EarSonics SM2 are the universal in-ears you need. Thanks to their ergonomic cushions, they provide instant and easy fit to all kind of ears. Their technology is inherited from our EM series, and allows them to attain an audio quality never reached before with universals. EarSonics' "high fidelity" sound for nomads and musicians.
Aiwa HP-EC101 Ear Clip Headphones (Black/Carbon Color)
Less is more with AIWA's "shellz" ear clip-type headphones. Choose from a variety of colors (gray, pearl white or blue) or go for the glitter. Exciting look, exciting sound.


text:
Web Stories
Program looks at social capital and high-risk drinking
Friday, April 11, 2008, 1:30 to 4:30 p.m. · 6 Friend Center
Posted April 7, 2008; 01:13 p.m.
A program to explore the question "Would Increasing Social Capital Decrease High-Risk Drinking?" is scheduled for 1:30 to 4:30 p.m. Friday, April 11, in 6 Friend Center.
Three leaders and scholars in higher education each will make a presentation. Those will be followed by a panel discussion featuring all of the speakers at 4 p.m.
The participants are:
- Ashley Finley, assistant professor of sociology at Dickinson College. She is a member of the advisory board of Bringing Theory to Practice, a project of the Association of American Colleges and Universities exploring the relationship between student engagement and substance abuse. Finley also serves as the project's evaluation consultant and as associate director for its demonstration and intensive sites.
- Karen Tidmarsh, associate professor of English and dean of the college at Bryn Mawr College. As dean, she plays a key role in implementing Bryn Mawr's social honor code, which requires that "each student live with integrity and discretion in her own life and with respect and concern for others."
- Adam Weinberg, executive vice president of World Learning and provost of its School for International Training. He was previously a member of the Department of Sociology, vice president and dean of the college at Colgate University, where he developed a pioneering residential education program focused on building the civic capacities of students.
The event is sponsored by the Pace Center. It is intended to complement the work under way since November by the University's Alcohol Coalition Committee in engaging the community in conversation about high-risk drinking.
Refreshments will be served throughout the program, and a reception will follow.


text:
Lithuania Population: 3,515,8588 VISITORS FROM HERE!
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
|Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, through alliances and conquest, Lithuania extended its territory to include most of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 14th century Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. An alliance with Poland in 1386 led the two countries into a union through the person of a common ruler. In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This entity survived until 1795 when its remnants were partitioned by surrounding countries. Lithuania regained its independence following World War I but was annexed by the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until September of 1991 (following the abortive coup in Moscow). The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into Western European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.
Fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits
|Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 65,300 sq km
land: 62,680 sq km
water: 2,620 sq km
Size comparison: slightly larger than West Virginia
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 1,574 km
border countries: Belarus 680 km, Latvia 576 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km
|90 km
|Maritime claims:
|territorial sea: 12 nm
|transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers
|lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point: Aukstojas 294 m
|Natural resources:
|peat, arable land, amber
|Land use:
| arable land: 33.48%
permanent crops: 0.47%
other: 66.05% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|13.4 sq km (2007)
|Current Environment Issues:
|contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at military bases
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Lithuanian(s)
adjective: Lithuanian
|Ethnic groups:
|Lithuanian 84%, Polish 6.1%, Russian 4.9%, Belarusian 1.1%, other or unspecified 3.9% (2009)
|Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)
|Roman Catholic 79%, Russian Orthodox 4.1%, Protestant (including Lutheran and Evangelical Christian Baptist) 1.9%, other or unspecified 5.5%, none 9.5% (2001 census)
|3,515,858 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 13.6% (male 245,028/female 232,356)
15-24 years: 13% (male 233,939/female 223,495)
25-54 years: 44.8% (male 784,389/female 790,066)
55-64 years: 11.9% (male 187,057/female 229,943)
65 years and over: 16.8% (male 204,314/female 385,271) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 44.6 %
youth dependency ratio: 22 %
elderly dependency ratio: 22.7 %
potential support ratio: 4.4 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 40.8 years
male: 38.2 years
female: 43.3 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|-0.28% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|9.36 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|11.48 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-0.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 67% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: -0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|VILNIUS (capital) 546,000 (2009)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.81 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.53 male(s)/female
total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|26.6 (2010 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.26 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 75.77 years
male: 70.96 years
female: 80.84 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.28 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|62.9% note: percent of women aged 18-49 (2006)
|Health expenditures:
|7% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|3.66 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
|Hospital bed density:
|6.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 93% of population
rural: 81% of population
total: 92% of population
urban: 7% of population
rural: 19% of population
total: 8% of population (2000 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 95% of population
rural: 69% of population
total: 86% of population
urban: 5% of population
rural: 31% of population
total: 14% of population (2000 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.1% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|1,200 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|27.6% (2008)
|Education expenditures:
|5.7% of GDP (2009)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.7%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.7% (2011 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2011)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 32.9%
male: 34.6%
female: 30.5% (2011)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania
conventional short form: Lithuania
local long form: Lietuvos Respublika
local short form: Lietuva
former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
|Government type:
|parliamentary democracy
| name: Vilnius
geographic coordinates: 54 41 N, 25 19 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|Administrative divisions:
|10 counties (apskritys, singular - apskritis); Alytaus, Kauno, Klaipedos, Marijampoles, Panevezio, Siauliu, Taurages, Telsiu, Utenos, Vilniaus
| 11 March 1990 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union);
notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date), 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 16 February (1918); note - 16 February 1918 was the date Lithuania declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 11 March 1990 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union
|adopted 25 October 1992; last amended 25 April 2006
|Legal system:
|civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the constitutional court
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE (since 12 July 2009)
head of government: Prime Minister Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS (since 22 November 2012)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister and approval of the Parliament (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014); prime minister appointed by the president on the approval of the Parliament
election results: Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE elected president; percent of vote - Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE 69.1%, Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS 11.8%, Valentinas MAZURONIS 6.2%, others 12.9%; Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS approved by Parliament 90-40
|Legislative branch:
| unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats; 71 members elected in single-member districts, 70 elected by proportional representation; members to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 14 and 28 October 2012 (next to be held in October 2016)
election results: percent of vote by party (proportional vote) - DP 19.8%, LSDP 18.4%, TS-LKD 15.1%, LS 8.6%, DK 8%, TT 7.3%, LLRA 5.8%, LVZS 3.9%, other parties 13.1%; seats by party - LSDP 38, TS-LKD 33, DP 29, TT 11, LS 10, LLRA 8, DK 7, unaffiliated 4, vacant 1
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Seimas; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges selected by Seimas from among nominations by the president, by the Seimas chairperson, and Supreme Court chairperson; judges serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms; note - one-third of court judges reconstituted every 3 years
subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; district and local courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Christian Party or KP [Gediminas VAGNORIUS] Civil Democracy Party or PDP [Algimantas MATULEVICIUS] Democratic Labor and Unity Party or DDVP [Kristina BRAZAUSKIENE] Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASEVSKI] Emigrants Party or EP [Juozas MURAUSKAS] Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD [Andrius KUBILIUS] Labor Party or DP [Viktor USPASKICH] Liberal and Center Union or LCS [Arturas MELIANAS] Liberal Movement or LS or LRLS [Eligijus MASIULIS] Lithuanian People's Party or LLP [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE] Lithuanian People's Party or LZP [Joana SIMANAUSKIENE] Lithuanian Russian Union or LRS [Sergejus DMITRIJEVAS] Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP [Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS] Nationalist Union or TS [Gintaras SONGAILA] Order and Justice Party or TT [Rolandas PAKSAS] Peasant and Greens Union or LVZS [Ramunas KARBAUSKIS] Republican Party or RP [Valdemaras VALKIUNAS] Russian Alliance or RA [Tamara LOCHANKINA] Socialist People's Front or SLF [Algirdas PALECKIS] Way of Courage or DK [Jonas VARKALA] YES-Homeland Revival and Perspective or YES Union or TAIP Union or TAIP [Arturas ZUOKAS] Young Lithuania Party or PJL [Stanislovas BUSKEVICIUS]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|International organization participation:
|Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|mounted knight known as Vytis (the Chaser)
|National anthem:
| name: "Tautiska giesme" (The National Song)
lyrics/music: Vincas KUDIRKA
note: adopted 1918, restored 1990; the anthem was written in 1898 while Lithuania was a part of Russia; it was banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Zygimantas PAVILIONIS
chancery: 2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 234-5860
consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Deborah MCCARTHY
embassy: Akmenu gatve 6, Vilnius, LT-03106
mailing address: American Embassy, Akmenu Gatve 6, Vilnius LT-03106
telephone: [370] (5) 266-5500
|^Back to Top
Lithuania gained membership in the World Trade Organization and joined the EU in May 2004. Despite its EU accession, Lithuania's trade with its Central and Eastern European neighbors, and Russia in particular, accounts for a significant share of total trade. Foreign investment and business support have helped in the transition from the old command economy to a market economy. Lithuania's economy grew on average 8% per year for the four years prior to 2008 driven by exports and domestic demand. Lithuania''s GDP plunged nearly 15% in 2009. The three former Soviet Baltic republics were among the hardest hit by the 2008-09 financial crisis. The government''s efforts to attract foreign investment, to develop export markets, and to pursue broad economic reforms has been key to Lithuania''s quick recovery from a deep recession, making Lithuania one of the fastest growing economies in the EU. Lithuania is committed to meeting the Maastricht criteria to join the euro zone, which the government expects to achieve by 2015. Under the Conservative Party''s leadership, Lithuania raised the monthly minimum wage in 2012 nearly 25% over 2011. Despite government efforts, unemployment - at 13.2% in 2012 - remains high.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $66.08 billion (2012 est.) $63.78 billion (2011 est.) $60.24 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $42.16 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|3.6% (2012 est.) 5.9% (2011 est.) 1.5% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $22,000 (2012 est.) $21,000 (2011 est.) $18,300 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|15.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 19% of GDP (2011 est.) 19.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 64.2%
government consumption: 17.7%
investment in fixed capital: 16.7%
investment in inventories: 0.3%
exports of goods and services: 83.9%
imports of goods and services: -83.2% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 64.2%
government consumption: 17.7%
investment in fixed capital: 16.7%
investment in inventories: 0.3%
exports of goods and services: 83.9%
imports of goods and services: -83.2% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs; fish
|metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry
|Industrial production growth rate:
|3.7% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|1.474 million (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 7.9%
industry: 19.6%
services: 72.5% (2012 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|14.9% (2012 est.) 15.4% (2011 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|4% (2008)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 29.1% (2008)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|35.5 (2009) 34 (1999)
| revenues: $13.06 billion
expenditures: $14.48 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|31% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
| 38.5% of GDP (2012 est.) 39.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
note: official data; data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3% (2012 est.) 4.1% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$1.053 billion (2012 est.) -$670 million (2011 est.)
|$29.64 billion (2012 est.) $28.1 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles , foodstuffs, plastics
|Exports - partners:
|Russia 19%, Latvia 11%, Estonia 7.9%, Germany 7.9%, UK 6.4%, Poland 6.1%, Netherlands 5.9%, Belarus 4.5% (2012)
|$32.01 billion (2012 est.) $30.2 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|mineral products, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, metals
|Imports - partners:
|Russia 32.5%, Germany 9.8%, Poland 9.8%, Latvia 6.1%, Netherlands 5.5% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$10.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $8.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$32.84 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $31.01 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$15.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $14.81 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$2.581 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $2.281 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$4.075 billion (31 December 2011) $5.661 billion (31 December 2010) $4.477 billion (31 December 2009)
|Exchange rates:
|litai (LTL) per US dollar - 2.686 (2012 est.) 2.481 (2011 est.) 2.6063 (2010 est.) 2.4787 (2009) 2.3251 (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|12.27 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 90
|Electricity - consumption:
|10.3 billion kWh (2012 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|186 million kWh (2012 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|1.17 billion kWh (2012 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|3.82 million kW (2011 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|53.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|25.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|2.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|2.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|2,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|2,260 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|168,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|12 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|202,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|70,390 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|149,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|15,670 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2012 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|3.3 billion cu m (2012 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2012 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|3.1 billion cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|15.98 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 723,000 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 88
|Cellular Phones in use:
|5.004 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: adequate; being modernized to provide improved international capability and better residential access
domestic: rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services has resulted in a steady decline in the number of fixed-line connections; mobile-cellular teledensity stands at about 140 per 100 persons
international: country code - 370; major international connections to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite; landline connections to Latvia and Poland (2010)
|Broadcast media:
|public broadcaster operates 3 channels with the third channel - a satellite channel - introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks; many privately owned commercial broadcasters, many with repeater stations in various regions throughout the country (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|1.205 million (2012)
|Internet users:
|1.964 million (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 61 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 81
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 22
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 9 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 39
over 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 36 (2013)
|gas 1,921 km; refined products 121 km (2013)
| total 1,767 km
broad gauge: 1,745 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified) standard gauge: 22 km 1.435-m gauge (2011)
| total 82,131 km
paved: 72,048 km (includes 309 km of expressways)
unpaved: 10,083 km (2010)
|441 km (navigable year round) (2007)
|Merchant marine:
| total 38
by type: cargo 20, container 1, passenger/cargo 6, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 2
foreign-owned: 8 (Denmark 8)
registered in other countries: 22 (Antigua and Barbuda 3, Belize 1, Comoros 1, Cook Islands 1, Norway 1, Panama 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9, unknown 3) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
| Klaipeda
oil terminals: Butinge oil terminal
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Land Forces (Sausumos Pajegos), Naval Forces (Karines Juru Pajegos), Air Forces (Karines Oro Pajegos) (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age for voluntary military service; service obligation 1 year; Lithuania converted to a professional military in the fall of 2008, although the decision continues under judicial review (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 890,074
females age 16-49: 875,780 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 669,111
females age 16-49: 724,803 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 20,425
female: 19,527 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|0.9% of GDP (2007 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Lithuania and Russia committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as a EU member state having an external border with a non-EU member, to strict Schengen border rules; boundary demarcated with Latvia and Lithuania; as of January 2007, ground demarcation of the boundary with Belarus was complete and mapped with final ratification documents in preparation
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
stateless persons: 4,130 (2012)
|Illicit drugs:
|transshipment and destination point for cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, and opiates from Southwest Asia, Latin America, Western Europe, and neighboring Baltic countries; growing production of high-quality amphetamines, but limited production of cannabis, methamphetamines; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking legislation
|^Back to Top
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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