text:
Morocco Population: 32,649,130
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|In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. Although Morocco is not the UN-recognized Administering Power for the Western Sahara, it exercises de facto administrative control there. The UN assists with direct negotiations between Morocco and the Polisario Front, but the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature, which first met in 1997. Morocco enjoys a moderately free press, but the government has taken action against journalists who they perceive to be challenging the monarchy, Islam, or the status of Western Sahara. Influenced by protests elsewhere in the region, in February 2011 thousands of Moroccans began weekly rallies in multiple cities across the country to demand greater democracy and end to government corruption. Overall the response of Moroccan security forces was subdued compared to the violence elsewhere in the region. King MOHAMMED VI responded quickly with a reform program that included a new constitution and early elections. The constitution was passed by popular referendum in July 2011; some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister, but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. In early elections in November 2012, the Justice and Development Party - a moderate Islamist party, won the largest number of seats, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In January 2012, Morocco assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term.
Strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar
|Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 446,550 sq km
land: 446,300 sq km
water: 250 sq km
Size comparison: slightly larger than California
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 2,017.9 km
border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km
|1,835 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior
|northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Sebkha Tah -55 m
highest point: Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m
|Natural resources:
|phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt
|Land use:
| arable land: 17.79%
permanent crops: 2.6%
other: 79.61% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|14,850 sq km (2004)
|Natural hazards:
|northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts
|Current Environment Issues:
|land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
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| noun: Moroccan(s)
adjective: Moroccan
|Ethnic groups:
|Arab-Berber 99%, other 1%
|Arabic (official), Berber languages (Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)
|Muslim 99% (official), Christian 1%, Jewish about 6,000
|32,649,130 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 27.1% (male 4,489,297/female 4,353,921)
15-24 years: 18% (male 2,918,765/female 2,951,131)
25-54 years: 41.7% (male 6,590,575/female 7,033,013)
55-64 years: 7% (male 1,135,921/female 1,135,747)
65 years and over: 6.3% (male 919,236/female 1,121,524) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 48.9 %
youth dependency ratio: 41.5 %
elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 %
potential support ratio: 13.5 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 27.7 years
male: 27.1 years
female: 28.2 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|1.04% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|18.73 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|4.78 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-3.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 57% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 1.62% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|Casablanca 3.245 million; RABAT (capital) 1.77 million; Fes 1.044 million; Marrakech 909,000; Tangier 768,000 (2009)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|25.4 (2004 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 25.49 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 30.04 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 76.31 years
male: 73.25 years
female: 79.53 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|2.17 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|67.4% (2011)
|Health expenditures:
|5.2% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|0.62 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
|Hospital bed density:
|1.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 98% of population
rural: 61% of population
total: 83% of population
urban: 2% of population
rural: 39% of population
total: 17% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 83% of population
rural: 52% of population
total: 70% of population
urban: 17% of population
rural: 48% of population
total: 30% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.1% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|26,000 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|1,200 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|16.4% (2008)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|3.1% (2011)
|Education expenditures:
|5.4% of GDP (2009)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 67.1%
male: 76.1%
female: 57.6% (2011 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 11 years
male: 12 years
female: 11 years (2010)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 17.9%
male: 18.1%
female: 17.4% (2011)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco
conventional short form: Morocco
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah
local short form: Al Maghrib
|Government type:
|constitutional monarchy
| name: Rabat
geographic coordinates: 34 01 N, 6 49 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in September
|Administrative divisions:
| 15 regions; Grand Casablanca, Chaouia-Ouardigha, Doukkala-Abda, Fes-Boulemane, Gharb-Chrarda-Beni Hssen, Guelmim-Es Smara, Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, Meknes-Tafilalet, Oriental, Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer, Souss-Massa-Draa, Tadla-Azilal, Tanger-Tetouan, Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate
note: Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara, the political status of which is considered undetermined by the US Government; portions of the regions Guelmim-Es Smara and Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra as claimed by Morocco lie within Western Sahara; Morocco also claims Oued Eddahab-Lagouira, another region that falls entirely within Western Sahara
|2 March 1956 (from France)
|National holiday:
|Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999)
|10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended September 1996; revised constitution approved by referendum 1 July 2011 referendum
|Legal system:
|mixed legal system of civil law based on French law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts by Supreme Court
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: King MOHAMMED VI (since 30 July 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Abdelillah BENKIRANE (since 29 November 2011)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister as well as Minister Delegates to each ministry appoined by the Palace (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch following legislative elections
|Legislative branch:
| bicameral Parliament consists of the Chamber of Counsilors (or upper house) (270 seats - to be reduced to a maximum of 120; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates to serve six-year terms; one-third of the members are elected every three years) and Chamber of Representatives (or lower house) (395 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Chamber of Counselors - last held on 3 October 2009 (next to be held in mid-2013); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 25 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)
election results: Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PJD 107, PI 60, RNI 52, PAM 47, USFP 39, MP 32, UC 23, PPS 18, other 17
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (consists of 5-judge panels organized into civil, family matters, commercial, administrative, social, and criminal sections) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch upon the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary
subordinate courts: courts of appeal; regional and sadad courts (for religious, civil and administrative, and penal adjudication)
|Political parties and leaders:
|Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI] Al Ahd (The Covenant) Party [Najib EL OUAZZANI] Alliance des Libert'es (Alliance of Liberty) or ADL [Ali BELHAJ] An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj [Abdellah EL HARIF] Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [Mustapha BAKKOURY, secretary general] Choura et Istiqlal (Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH] Citizens' Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI] Citizenship and Development Initiative or ICD [Mohamed BENHAMOU] Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohammed ABIED] Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE] Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Touhami EL KHIARI] Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Ahmed BENJELLOUN] Democratic Society Party or PSD [Zhor CHEKKAFI] Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN] Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI] Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Hamid CHABAT] Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdelillah BENKIRANE] Labor Party or LP [Abdelkrim BENATIK] Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE] National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI] National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA] National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE] National Rally of Independents or RNI [Mustapha EL MANSOURI] National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM] Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER] Progress and Socialism Party or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI] Reform and Development Party or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN] Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV [Mohamed KHALIDI] Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR] Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH] Socialist Democratic Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI] Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR] Unified Socialist Left Party or PGSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI] General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL] Justice and Charity Organization or JCO Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Hassan CHAMI] National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdelslam MAATI] Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Mahjoub BENSEDDIK]
|International organization participation:
|ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club (associate), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|pentacle symbol; lion
|National anthem:
| name: "Hymne Cherifien" (Hymn of the Sharif)
lyrics/music: Ali Squalli HOUSSAINI/Leo MORGAN
note: music adopted 1956, lyrics adopted 1970
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Mohammed Rachad BOUHLAL
chancery: 1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 462-7979
consulate(s) general: New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Matthew LUSSENHOP
embassy: 2 Avenue de Mohamed El Fassi, Rabat
mailing address: Unit 9400, Box 021, DPO AE 09718
telephone: [212] (537) 76 22 65
consulate(s) general: Casablanca
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Morocco has capitalized on its proximity to Europe and relatively low labor costs to build a diverse, open, market-oriented economy. In the 1980s Morocco was a heavily indebted country before pursuing austerity measures and pro-market reforms, overseen by the IMF. Since taking the throne in 1999, King MOHAMMED VI has presided over a stable economy marked by steady growth, low inflation, and gradually falling unemployment, although a poor harvest and economic difficulties in Europe contributed to an economic slowdown in 2012. Industrial development strategies and infrastructure improvements - most visibly illustrated by a new port and free trade zone near Tangier - are improving Morocco's competitiveness. Morocco also seeks to expand its renewable energy capacity with a goal of making renewable 40% of electricity output by 2020. Key sectors of the economy include agriculture, tourism, phosphates, textiles, apparel, and subcomponents. To boost exports, Morocco entered into a bilateral Free Trade Agreement with the United States in 2006 and an Advanced Status agreement with the European Union in 2008. Despite Morocco's economic progress, the country suffers from high unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy, particularly in rural areas. In 2011 and 2012, high prices on fuel - which is subsidized and almost entirely imported - strained the government''s budget and widened the country''s current account deficit. Key economic challenges for Morocco include fighting corruption and reforming the education system, the judiciary, and the government''s costly subsidy program.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $174 billion (2012 est.) $169 billion (2011 est.) $161 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $97.53 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|3% (2012 est.) 5% (2011 est.) 3.6% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $5,400 (2012 est.) $5,300 (2011 est.) $5,100 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|26.4% of GDP (2012 est.) 27.6% of GDP (2011 est.) 30.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 59.7%
government consumption: 19.2%
investment in fixed capital: 31.4%
investment in inventories: 3.9%
exports of goods and services: 36.2%
imports of goods and services: -50.4% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 59.7%
government consumption: 19.2%
investment in fixed capital: 31.4%
investment in inventories: 3.9%
exports of goods and services: 36.2%
imports of goods and services: -50.4% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|barley, wheat, citrus fruits, grapes, vegetables, olives; livestock; wine
|phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism
|Industrial production growth rate:
|0.9% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|11.53 million (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 44.6%
industry: 19.8%
services: 35.5% (2006 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|9% (2012 est.) 8.9% (2011 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|15% (2007 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 33.2% (2007)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|40.9 (2007 est.) 39.5 (1999 est.)
| revenues: $25.33 billion
expenditures: $33.29 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|26% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|71.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 64.8% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.2% (2012 est.) 0.9% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$8.508 billion (2012 est.) -$8.337 billion (2011 est.)
|$21.8 billion (2012 est.) $21.51 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|clothing and textiles, electric components, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, citrus fruits, vegetables, fish
|Exports - partners:
|France 21%, Spain 17.3%, Brazil 5.4%, India 4.9%, US 4.6% (2012)
|$42.45 billion (2012 est.) $40.96 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics
|Imports - partners:
|Spain 13.1%, France 12.1%, China 6.9%, US 6.8%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, Italy 5.1%, Russia 5%, Germany 4.9% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$17.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $20.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$33.98 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $29.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$49.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $47.78 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$1.353 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $1.603 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$60.09 billion (31 December 2011) $69.15 billion (31 December 2010) $62.91 billion (31 December 2009)
|Exchange rates:
|Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar - 8.6087 (2012 est.) 8.0899 (2011 est.) 8.4172 (2010 est.) 8.0571 (2009) 7.526 (2008)
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|Electricity - production:
|20.09 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 72
|Electricity - consumption:
|22.21 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|4.623 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|6.164 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|67.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|20.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|4.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|5,500 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|95,460 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|100 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|113,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|203,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|15,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|107,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|70 million cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|570 million cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|500 million cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|1.444 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|35.66 million Mt (2010 est.)
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|Telephones in use:
| 3.566 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 44
|Cellular Phones in use:
|36.554 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay; Internet available but expensive
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is roughly 10 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 100 per 100 persons
international: country code - 212; landing point for the Atlas Offshore, Estepona-Tetouan, Euroafrica, Spain-Morocco, and SEA-ME-WE-3 fiber-optic telecommunications undersea cables that provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia (2011)
|Broadcast media:
|2 TV broadcast networks with state-run Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state partially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one; the government-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in addition to its national service (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|277,338 (2012)
|Internet users:
|13.213 million (2009)
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| 55 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 86
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 31
over 3,047 m: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 24
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 5 (2013)
|1 (2013)
|gas 944 km; oil 270 km; refined products 175 km (2013)
| total 2,067 km
standard gauge: 2,067 km 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified) (2008)
| total 58,256 km
paved: 39,480 km (includes 866 km of expressways)
unpaved: 18,776 km (2006)
|Merchant marine:
| total 26
by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 3, container 6, passenger/cargo 14, roll on/roll off 2
foreign-owned: 14 (France 3, Germany 1, Italy 1, Spain 9)
registered in other countries: 4 (Gibraltar 4) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|Casablanca, Jorf Lasfar, Mohammedia, Safi, Tangier
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|Military branches:
|Royal Armed Forces (Forces Armees Royales, FAR): Royal Moroccan Army (includes Air Defense), Royal Moroccan Navy (includes Coast Guard, Marines), Royal Moroccan Air Force (Al Quwwat al Jawyiya al Malakiya Marakishiya; Force Aerienne Royale Marocaine) (2010)
|Military service age and obligation:
|20 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; service obligation - 18 months (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 8,252,682
females age 16-49: 8,691,419 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 7,026,016
females age 16-49: 7,377,045 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 300,327
female: 298,366 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|4.8% of GDP (2012)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|claims and administers Western Sahara whose sovereignty remains unresolved; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco is a dormant dispute
|Illicit drugs:
|one of the world's largest producers of illicit hashish; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; significant consumer of cannabis
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Peniche is located right in the center of Portugal's West Coast
Peniche is located the center of west Portugal, about 89 km north of the country capital, Lisbon.
Peniche was an island until the Middle Ages, but it progressively became a peninsula as from the seventeenth century.
Legend has it that a group of Lusitanians escaping retaliation by Julius Caesar's hosts took refuge in the island and founded the town.Peniche's town centre
Nowadays Peniche town is located in a peninsula with aproximately 10Km perimeter that forms an isthmus where the Cape Carvoeiro is it's western limit.
To the west of the Peniche peninsula is to be found in the Atlantic ocean the Berlengas archipelago a Natural Reserve home to abundant sea life with some endemic flora and fauna species but also excellent shipwreck sites great for scuba diving.
Peniche in a timelapse video by João Marques
Surfing has been part of Peniche's daily lifestyle for the last decade or so. Records of foreign surfers date back to the mid 1960's. Nowadays the region is Portugal's main surfing area and although there's no large urban centre it is considered by many the true Portuguese surf capital.
The variety of surf spots available providing unique consistency in Portugal but also the ASP World Tour Championship presence in October are two of the main reasons for this claim.
- Berlengas Islands
- Peniche Fortress
- Carvoeiro Cape
- Geographical location
- Gastronomy
- Great Surf Spots
Europe's westernmost city, Peniche has always been linked to the sea and the main economic activities of its residents have centred on sardine, tuna and lobster fishing, together with naval construction shipyards and canned fish industries.
Some numbers about Peniche district:
Area: 77 square km
Population: 27.000
Parishes: 6
Foundation: 1609
Peniche is one of if not the most important surf region in Portugal and for a lot of people the true Portuguese surf capital. Surfing is practiced in Peniche since the late 60's and early 70's when the first local surfers started the sport in the region in the spots of Molhe Leste and Baleal area.
There are records of foreign surfers traveling along the coastline that had passed by the region looking for quality surf just by looking at the geography of the Peniche peninsula with its great surfing potential.
Since those early days surfing has grown extraordinarily and in Peniche and Baleal it is nowadays part of the local scene with a span of activities related to surfing such as surf board manufacturing and repairing, surf shops, surf schools, surf camps and the local surf club which is proudly supported by us.
Baleal Surf Camp was in fact the very first Portuguese surf camp and started next to Cantinho da Baía surf spot pioneering the activity in Peniche and Portugal as well.
Nowadays there are several surf schools and surf camps operating in the region but also several other from neighboring areas that travel to Peniche's Peninsula due to the incredible consistency and variety of surfing options something they can't find at their home base breaks.
It's often to see surf schools from Spain and France that choose the region for some training weeks.
A breakthrough in Portuguese surfing history finally happened in 2009 when the ASP together with Rip Curl, the Tourism Board and Peniche Town Hall brought back the World Surfing Championship to Portugal after a decade or so.
The Rip Curl Pro Search was to be an epic event by all counts and a turning point in the region's and in Portuguese surfing overall.
The event was organized under the idea of total mobility and though the main event site was located in Peniche's most outstanding surf spot, Supertubos, eventually heats occurred in 3 other surf spots in the region. Molhe Leste, Lagido and Belgas (Pico da Mota) hosted heats and there was an extra nearly epic free tow-in surf session behind Baleal cliffs.
All of these surf sessions proved again the incredible variety and consistency of Peniche surf region and, coincidence or not, the ASP decided for 2010 to include Peniche in the World Surfing Championship for 2010 and 2011.
The Portuguese Surfing Federation since 2006 and for 3 consequitive years has organized the Portuguese Cup of Surfing in Peniche more precisely at Baleal Surf Camp facilities.
In 2007 Quiksilver held the King of the Groms competition in Baleal exactly in our location...
Once again the consistency of the surf but also the unique conditions provided by our infrastructure were important factors to this choice and another unquestionable seal of quality of the Baleal Surf Camp at Peniche, Portugal's Surf Capital.
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Mapa Peniche Centro
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Mapa Península de Peniche
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Mapa Concelho de Peniche


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A large, ambitious scene of arctic exploration, imagined fifty years after the event and half a world away, seems an unlikely Australian project. Jenner, a self-taught English immigrant painter, tried to establish a cultivated artistic climate in Queensland at the end of the nineteenth century. Such grand history paintings, employing all the stratagems of the Sublime, would make the artist's reputation unassailable, he thought, as well as serving another purpose, that of elevating public taste.
His subject was Sir John Franklin's doomed expedition of 1845, to find the fabled Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The venture fascinated the public, writers, and the press for decades; the British government, prodded by Lady Franklin, sent thirty-two expeditions to find the vanished explorers, Swinburne wrote a long poem in 1860, and Jules Verne published two novels inspired by the topic in the 1870s. Reports of cannibalism among survivors kept the story alive and scandalous.
Jenner remembered arctic scenery and details from a journey taken in his youth. He sailed in the early 1850s, he said, on 'a voyage to Lapland, Nova Zembla and Spitzbergen'.1At the age of eighteen in 1855, Jenner joined the Royal Navy for a decade, then retired to his birthplace, Brighton, to become an artist. Unhappy with his prospects as a marine and genre painter there, he emigrated with his large family to Brisbane in 1863. En route he witnessed the effects of Krakatoa's eruption, another instance of Nature's grand and sublime spectacles.
For his modern history painting Cape Chudleigh, Coast of Labrador, Jenner painted icebergs in Labrador, populated by hundreds of great auks – large, penguin-like birds, hunted to extinction in the 1840s. The whole is lit by a full moon under a cloudy sky. Apart from icy white and blue for freezing water, sea and sky, atmosphere and rocks are rendered in smoky brown and grey, with red reflected from the ship on fire behind an iceberg.2
The ghostly theatre of Franklin's fatal voyage is accentuated by Jenner's spectral depiction of translucent ice, a disappearing mountain and bizarre spectating birds, scattered like the ill-fated crew through the sea and absent land. Jenner's invisible hero, Franklin, was linked closely to colonial Australia's brief history: he accompanied Matthew Flinders on the Investigator's initial circumnavigation of the continent in 1801–04, and served as Governor of Tasmania from 1836 to 1843.
Nonetheless, the artist's extravagant vision of the voyage was profoundly unfashionable. The extremes of the Sublime, especially delight in terror and heightened emotions, had dissipated their effect by the end of the century, while unsuccessful English explorers no longer caught the imagination of poets and engravers. European aesthetic manners and themes were replaced in Australia by the local and immediate paintings of the Heidelberg school.3 Jenner was triply unfortunate, in that his subject and style were no longer appreciated, and any audience was sparse. Nonetheless, he ensured some posterity by reworking and donating this large canvas to the infant Queensland National Art Gallery upon its opening in 1895.
Christine Dixon
1 Margaret Maynard, 'Jenner, Isaac Walter (1837–1902)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, online edition, viewed November 2007, adb.online.anu.edu.au.
2 Gavin Fry, Bronwyn Mahoney, Bettina MacAulay, Isaac Walter Jenner, Sydney: Beagle Press, 1994, p. 34.
3 See Glen R. Cooke, Catalogue worksheet for Acc. number 1:0014, Queensland Art Gallery, ms.


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Prospective Students
Columbia College-Fort Sill understands the needs of military members and adults seeking their education. In fact, more than half of our 34 Nationwide Campuses are located on military bases.
We are part of an extended network of campuses located around the country. The home campus, founded in 1851, is located in Columbia, Mo.
Columbia College serves nearly 25,000 students each year.
When you compare academic quality, experience with the military, tuition, scheduling, faculty credentials, flexibility and convenience, we think you'll agree Columbia College-Fort Sill leads the way in offering an affordable, private education for working adults.
Someday starts today.
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Affordable, private education
- Accept Veterans Administration benefits and corporate tuition assistance
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- Accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and a member since 1918.
Online and on campus degree programs
- Online and on-campus classes may be taken simultaneously so you can earn your degree as soon as possible.
Convenient scheduling
- Eight-week classes
- Six sessions offered each year
- Start-and-stop flexibility to meet work, military and family obligations
Easy application process
- online application
- Submit high school diploma or GED
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Qualified faculty
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Small classes
- Faculty-to-student ratio of 1-to-14 at the Fort Sill campus
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- Accept most previous college courses from an accredited college, even if classes were taken decades ago
- Possible college credit for military experience;
- police, fire and corrections training;
- or credit for prior learning.


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NOS means "Not otherwise specified" in Military lingo. It essentially means that we can't find a category for it.. and so it is with this post.
It has been a while since I posted last, so here is some catching up and thoughts.
I'll start with the drama. Last week I volunteered as a 'Guest Instructor' for the JROTC class at our High School. I learned a lot while teaching the 6 classes a day about accountability, military customs and courtesies, and shared life lessons that will (if listened to) help these young men and women. What I learned about JROTC was that it has very little to do with the military. Rather, the National syllabus for instruction focuses on Character, Citizenship, Leadership, and fitness… now where I have I seen that before?
Now I understand that there is an Army component to the class. They structure the class around an Army Battalion, wear uniforms once a week, and use Army language, but beyond that the curriculum is very generic in its content regarding character, citizenship and leadership. This was a surprise to me not really knowing what to think about JROTC and knowing how the ROTC at the University level works.
I was also surprised to see that very little attention is payed to recruiting or pushing a career in the military to these Cadets. It was rarely talked about. Now, of course there were graduating Seniors that are currently making plans for a career in the military, but the JROTC program is not a pool for recruiting.
I enjoyed teaching the class for the week and had the pleasure of meeting some outstanding students. I also met my share of students that frankly I fear will not make it in life. They are lazy, unmotivated, can't seem to develop study habits, and generally could care less about their school, community, home, or one another. This shocked me. All of my kids currently attend this high school and for the last 4 years we have had a very positive experience. Our daughter has been active with the Marching Band, Symphonic and Concert bands, and has made great friends at the High School. Both of our sons have been athletes and members of various school clubs and also have made lasting friendships. All three of the kids have maintained good if not excellent grades over their high school careers and so our view of the school has been shaped by the athletes, friends, and social activities that my wife and I have been fortunate to participate in and get to know. Our house is always full of kids, mostly football players, and I have gotten to know them and their families and I can honestly say that they are good kids. So to be at the School and see the apathy that I saw this week, well, it shocked me.
NOW, having said all of that, the School District is in a world of mess right now, the teachers are minutes away from going on strike, the School District Board is not budging and neither is the teachers union. It has become very ugly in our little neck of the woods. The climate at the School is very apathetic and so I can see where some of the students have got it.
I hope this resolves quickly.. from the Scoutmaster perspective. Most of my older Scouts attend this School and it is effecting them. This close to the end of School, with the impending strike, the students have been forced to scramble to get things done in order to maintain decent GPA's to round out the year. The uncertainty has left them questioning the dedication of both the teachers and the school district to their education.
Enough of that… I just hope it gets over quickly.
How this affects Scouting however is clear. When things are weird in Scouts lives.. it gets weird in their Scouting life. I had about half the Troop missing from this weekends Camporee. All high school age students, and students that needed to get much need assignments completed to increase their final GPA. They called me up and we talked about what was more important. The least I could do for them is support them.
Now Camporee… 28 went to Camporee this weekend, a good portion were the younger (First year) Scouts. They did fantastic! They proved that they are mastering Scout craft and basic skills. They were motivated and showed the district that our Troop was there to compete. We didn't win the District Camporee Top Troop award, but each patrol came home with ribbons for winning Scout craft events. They did not win the best camp site, it seems we were missing Patrol boxes and a trailer. To that, the SPL suggested that we would never win.. and it's ok.. we are backpackers and if they don't like our style.. so be it. I was proud of him and his attitude.
This morning as we packed up and loaded the truck with our packs I overheard a Scoutmaster from a neighboring Troop yell at his Troop this; "Look at them.. while you are struggling with your boxes.. they are playing frisbee!"
We could not help but high five each other.. the Scout leadership had done an exceptional job this morning and ultimately got the Troop and hour and half ahead of schedule. They ate breakfast, cleaned up and packed in an hour and half. Made it to the camp wide flag ceremony and awards and departed about an hour before the rest of the district had their camps taken down. Our boys pride themselves in this style of camping. One day the district will come around and have a backpacking score sheet for the camp inspection.
On the way home one of the Scouts said to me that when he first started in the Troop, he thought I talked just to hear my voice… but as he grew in the Troop he realized that I was really saying something. After 4 years of being passed over for election in the Order of the Arrow, he was finally called out Saturday night. Finally, he is learning to lead, take responsibility, and his peers felt him to be worthy of membership in Scouting's honor society. He thanked me for teaching him. My response was simple. You are welcome, now… continue to earn the right to be there.
I think this principle can be applied everywhere in our lives.
Well.. it's going to be an interesting week here. I hope yours is great!
Have a Great Scouting Day!
NOS means "Not otherwise specified" in Military lingo. It essentially means that we can't find a category for it.. and so it is with this post.


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"She asked, 'You women go through all of this every day?' and we said, 'Yes, we do. We do and we have no choice because we want to live.'" — PH patient Diane Ramirez, on former U.S. Senator Elizabeth Dole's reaction to medicating for PH
"She asked, 'You women go through all of this every day?' and we said, 'Yes, we do. We do and we have no choice because we want to live.'" — PH patient Diane Ramirez, on former U.S. Senator Elizabeth Dole's reaction to medicating for PH
While it can be difficult to imagine in the days and months following diagnosis, many patients develop strategies to cope with the physical and emotional aspects of living with PH and lead happy, fulfilling lives. With a bit of patience, planning, and flexibility, many people affected by PH find ways to work, travel, exercise, and do the things they loved before they were diagnosed.
Today, people diagnosed with PH can benefit from the experience of thousands of other patients who have learned to effectively manage this illness. Explore this section to find tips, tools and resources to help you adapt to life with PH.
Download PH-specific templates and checklists to create your own personalized medical binder.
Simplify your daily routine with these tips from longterm survivors.
Identify strategies for coping with the emotional and social aspects of PH.
Manage your medications and coordinate your healthcare.
Take the time to prepare for emergencies before they happen.
Make and keep a place for yourself in the workforce by listening to your body and knowing your rights.
Keep your diet on track with advice from PH experts.
Get active without overexerting your body.
Plan ahead for safe and comfortable travel with PH by car, plane or train.
Prepare for changes in weather and altitude.
For optimal viewing of PHAssociation.org, please use a standards-compliant browser such as Google Chrome or Firefox.
The information provided on the PHA website is provided for general information only. It is not intended as legal, medical or other professional advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified professionals who are familiar with your individual needs. PHA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products or services.
801 Roeder Road, Ste. 1000, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Patient-to-Patient Support Line: email@example.com Privacy Policy Terms of Use Provide Feedback & Report Bugs
Designed by Matrix Group International, Inc.® | © 2017 Pulmonary Hypertension Association. All Rights Reserved.
The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) awarded PHA the Abbey S. Meyers Leadership Award in 2012 for outstanding service to PHA members in advocacy, education and other key areas.


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- Precision & durability of sculpturally integrated hinge mechanisms with dual action CAM
- Made in the USA
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Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Introduction | American Art | European Art | Provenance Research
As a fundamental part of its mission the National Gallery of Australia researches, documents and publishes information about the works of art in its collection. In keeping with international and national efforts to determine the provenance (the history of ownership) of works of art for the period 1933-1945 and to fulfil its obligations as an ethical member of the museum community, the NGA is investigating the whereabouts and ownership of every work of art in its collection that is presumed to have been in Europe between 1933 and 1945, the years of Nazi rule and occupation. These works of art are listed on this site.
All known provenance information is shown here, although links in the chain of ownership may be unclear or not yet fully documented. As provenance research continues on these works, this site will be updated to reflect new information. The provenance is listed chronologically, from the first known owner. The date of change of ownership is included when it is established. Images are added when available.
Provenance research is intended to establish an unbroken chain of documented ownership from the time of the work's creation to the present. Even with unlimited time and resources, this goal is not easily achieved. There are numerous legitimate reasons for gaps in known provenance during any time period. The historical information simply may not exist. The work being researched may have been in an unknown private collection for decades, never published or exhibited.
There are no claims against any work in the NGA's collection, which is published as widely as possible. Gaps in the provenance do not imply that any work was stolen, merely that it is not known for certain who held it in the years from 1933 to 1945. The National Gallery of Australia will continue to research the provenance of its works of art.
How To Read Provenance Information
Enquiries: Please contact Senior Curator, Research, National Gallery of Australia
|Introduction | American Art | European Art | Provenance Research


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Chrome produced their first messenger bag over 15 years ago to fill the need for a quick-release buckle to get a fully loaded bag off quickly. Without money to produce their own buckle, they salvaged a seatbelt buckle from the local auto yard and an icon was born. The Mini Metro Messenger Bag presents iconic style, versatility, and durability shrunk into a more manageable size.
Free Shipping on All Domestic Orders
See international and additional shipping information here. Tax is only charged if shipping to California.
If, for any reason, your purchase wasn't exactly perfect, we honor return requests within 30 days from the original purchase date. To be eligible for a return, your item must be unused and in the same condition that you received it in. It must also be in the original packaging. Customer is responsible for return shipping costs. To initiate a return, please fill out the quick form at the bottom of our Returns Page.
Please note that special or custom-made orders are non-refundable, as well as any body care or hygienic products (you wouldn't want to purchase used body wash, right?).
For large adventure and furniture items, such as kayaks or paddle boards, a 20% restocking fee will be incurred as we do team lifts to repackage and put these heavy items back into storage.


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- 25L "Swimmers-to-go" backpack. Classic shape and styling.
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- Removable dirt bag™ keeps wet and dirty items away from electronics and clean clothes.
- Durable exterior shell is built tough with abrasion resistance for demanding athletes.
- Primary zips are highest quality YKK® zippers.


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Become A Christ Follower in Hardisty, Alberta, Canada
And that is the kind of attitude that me must have as part of His flock. in Canada Alberta Hardisty
That is how much He cares about all of us in Canada Alberta Hardisty
What if I told you that throughout the last week you have been under constant surveillance? That would be a pretty sobering thought, wouldn't it, to know that every thought process, every word spoken, every action taken was burned into the memory of film? And then what if I told you that our Media Department had a collection of all of the tapes and that today we would randomly show several of the tapes in in Hardisty, Alberta, Canada . I am referring to the highlights and the lowlights of some lives represented here. Would anyone want to sign up for that? Any volunteers?
Ed Young says if you are like me you are saying that you would not even entertain that thought. Well, think again, because every breath we take, every move we make, every bond we break, God is watching. The Bible says that God is everywhere. He is not limited by time or space. There is nowhere in the universe we can go where He is not. This is known as the omnipresence of God, omni meaning all and presence referring to locality in in Hardisty, Alberta, Canada . As you begin to get this picture, that God knows everything, sees everything and is in every location you may be getting a little uncomfortable. Whoa. God is everywhere.
Become A Christ Follower Hardisty Alberta Canada
Postal Codes in Hardisty, Alberta, Canada


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The Millennium M-Color Astra with the Sunset Swirl design is an ultra long range driver that is considered straight to understable. The Millennium Astra is made of our original premium plastic referred to as Millennium or Standard plastic. It merges durability and precision grip at a reasonable price. The Millennium Astra is more understable and has less fade than the Quantum Astra.
Great for all skill levels. Beginners and slower arm speed throwers will find success in releasing it level and watching it glide further than other discs. Experienced throwers will find the ideal angle of release in order to extend their drives, or make use of it as a roller. Master the way you throw it to achieve your longest drive. The bottom line will be long drives and smiling faces.
The Astra is available in Millennium Standard, Standard M-Color and Quantum Plastic in 160-175 grams.
|Product Code:
|Millennium Astra M-Color, Sunset
|In Stock


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The buildings of Princeton University house a range of stairways in vastly different styles. For example, this modern spiral staircase in Scully Hall provides a sharp contrast to the traditional winding stairs of Nassau Hall.
Photos by Neil Mills
Web Stories
Video feature: 'The Stairways of Princeton'
Posted May 1, 2012; 12:00 p.m.
The Princeton University campus offers a melding of traditional and modern architectural influences. Through a focus on stairways, it is possible to perceive the shifts of time through design.
"The Stairways of Princeton" also provides a metaphor for the Princeton educational journey. Generations of students have aspired to ascend toward a variety of academic and personal goals by climbing the stairs of Princeton.
Play the "Stairways of Princeton" video.
This tour of diverse stairways spans from the winding stairs of Nassau Hall — cut from dressed redstone with well-worn footfalls — to the Frick Chemistry Laboratory's state-of-the-art open curved stairways with glass railings.


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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex and often misunderstood disease. PH means high blood pressure in the lungs. PH is different from regular hypertension. In regular hypertension (also known as high blood pressure), the arteries throughout a person's body are constricted. In pulmonary hypertension, the blood vessels in the lungs become narrowed and the heart has to work harder to pump blood through them.
In many cases, no cause can be identified, and in these cases the disease is referred to as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Sometimes PH can develop due to another medical condition, including connective tissue disease, congenital heart disease, liver disease, HIV, and others. This type of PH is known as associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (APAH). Some families have a form of PH that can be inherited. This is known as heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH). Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a form of pulmonary hypertension caused by old blood clots in the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
PH can be difficult to diagnose in a routine medical exam because the most common symptoms of PH are also associated with many other conditions. To determine if you have PH, your medical team will schedule specialized tests, possibly to include a pulmonary function test and an echocardiogram. If the results of these tests point to PH, your doctor will schedule a cardiac catheterization, sometimes referred to as a "right-heart cath." This test allows your doctor to directly measure the pressures in your heart and lungs. Right heart catheterization is the gold standard for diagnosing PH.
Yes, but heritable PAH (HPAH) is relatively uncommon. Of the small percentage of people who do carry the PH gene, only a small number of carriers will develop the disease. Genetic testing is available to find out if you carry the PH gene.
PH is a rare but serious disease, and many doctors, including cardiologists and pulmonologists, have little training or experience in diagnosing and treating PH. Patients are encouraged to see a cardiologist, pulmonologist or, in some cases, a rheumatologist who treats many PH patients. These doctors are familiar with PH medications and side-effects, and can determine which treatments or combination of therapies are right for you.
One way to begin your search for a PH-treating doctor is through PHA's Find a Doctor directory. Once you've found a list of physicians in your area, interview them carefully to determine which center will offer you the most specialized care.
Here are some questions to pose to doctors you're considering:
Keep a list of your questions between appointments, and don't be afraid to ask why your doctor is running a test, scheduling a procedure, or changing a medication. At your first appointment, you might consider asking: How often should I come to see you? How often do I need to have cardiac catheterization? What are the potential side-effects of my medication? If you wear a pump for your medication, you might want to ask: What do I do if the line leaks or comes out? How do I need to alter my daily routine to accommodate the pump? You may also want to discuss lifestyle changes, such as nutrition and exercise, with your PH team.
A number of FDA-approved medications are available for the treatment of PH. These medications are administered in several ways: directly into the vein (intravenously), beneath the skin (subcutaneously), orally, and by inhalation.
Your doctor will take into consideration the severity of your illness (referred to as your "functional class") and the results of your cardiac catheterization to help determine which medication is right for you. As your symptoms and pressures change, your doctor may want to adjust the type and dosage of your medication accordingly.
There's no simple answer to this question. Every PH patient is different, and new research with the potential to improve the outlook for this disease is being conducted all the time. Your journey with PH depends on many factors, including the severity of your disease and how you respond to treatment. PH-specific therapies are available that can prolong and improve your quality of life. Once in the care of a PH specialist and on treatment, many PH patients live for many years.
While it can be difficult to imagine in the days and months following diagnosis, many patients develop strategies to cope with the physical and emotional aspects of living with PH and lead happy, fulfilling lives. Making small changes in daily activities can make a big impact on how you feel. Listen to your body and rest when you need to. Talk to your doctor about the possibility of supplemental oxygen if you haven't already. With a bit of patience, planning, and flexibility, many patients find ways to work, travel, exercise, and do the things they loved before diagnosis. Visit the Living with PH section for more tips on living with PH.
PHA is thankful to Shiela Bostelman, MSN, CPNP, CCTC, Pulmonary Hypertension Program, Children's National Heart Institute, for her input and medical review.
For optimal viewing of PHAssociation.org, please use a standards-compliant browser such as Google Chrome or Firefox.
The information provided on the PHA website is provided for general information only. It is not intended as legal, medical or other professional advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified professionals who are familiar with your individual needs. PHA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products or services.
801 Roeder Road, Ste. 1000, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Patient-to-Patient Support Line: firstname.lastname@example.com Privacy Policy Terms of Use Provide Feedback & Report Bugs
Designed by Matrix Group International, Inc.® | © 2017 Pulmonary Hypertension Association. All Rights Reserved.
The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) awarded PHA the Abbey S. Meyers Leadership Award in 2012 for outstanding service to PHA members in advocacy, education and other key areas.


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If you've seen or heard an ad about a cell phone or wireless plan lately, you may have noticed that a lot of new buzzwords are being thrown around. Words like 4G, LTE, and WiMax seem to have replaced the last set of words we barely understood: 3G, GSM, and CDMA. But what does it all mean? Is it all a bunch of marketing nonsense or are these words you should know and understand? We've got the scoop in our official mobile broadband FAQ.
Read on to learn what 4G is, why you should want it, and which carriers and devices are already pushing forward into the next generation of mobile data where your phone's Internet may actually run faster than your home Wi-Fi. And once you've learned about 4G networks check out our picks of the best 4G cell phones.
The basics of 4G
- What is 4G?
- Do I have a 4G-capable phone?
- Does my wireless carrier offer 4G?
- What is the ITU?
The three flavors of 4G
- What is WiMax?
- What is LTE?
- What's the difference between LTE and WiMax?
- What is HSPA+?
4G wireless carrier breakdown
- How is AT&T handling 4G?
- How is Sprint handling 4G?
- How is T-Mobile handling 4G?
- How is Verizon handling 4G?
Article Updates
- 8/04/2011: Article updated all around, including 4G status and devices for all 4 U.S. wireless carriers.
2/23/2011: Originally published


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Bahrain Population: 1,281,3325 VISITORS FROM HERE!
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|In 1783, the Sunni Al-Khalifa family captured Bahrain from the Persians. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has become an international banking center. Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. The Sunni-led government has struggled to manage relations with its large Shia-majority population. In early 2011, amid Arab uprisings elsewhere in the region, the Bahraini Government confronted similar protests at home with police and military action. The aftermath led to modest reforms, though continued dissatisfaction by Bahraini oppositionists with the extent of the reforms, has led to a broader dialogue between government officials, political societies, and legislators.
Close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean
|Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 760 sq km
land: 760 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
|Land Boundaries:
|0 km
|161 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined
|arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
|mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m
|Natural resources:
|oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls
|Land use:
| arable land: 1.79%
permanent crops: 3.95%
other: 94.26% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|40.15 sq km (2003)
|Natural hazards:
|periodic droughts; dust storms
|Current Environment Issues:
|desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources (groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs)
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Bahraini(s)
adjective: Bahraini
|Ethnic groups:
|Bahraini 46%, non-Bahraini 54% (2010 census)
|Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu
|Muslim (Shia and Sunni) 81.2%, Christian 9%, other 9.8% (2001 census)
|1,281,332 July 2013 est. note: includes 235,108 non-nationals
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 20% (male 130,097/female 126,067)
15-24 years: 15.9% (male 113,973/female 89,602)
25-54 years: 56.2% (male 472,537/female 247,873)
55-64 years: 5.2% (male 43,884/female 23,352)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 16,262/female 17,685) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 30.3 %
youth dependency ratio: 27.3 %
elderly dependency ratio: 2.9 %
potential support ratio: 34.3 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 31.4 years
male: 32.8 years
female: 28.6 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|2.57% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|14.16 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|2.65 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|14.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 88.7% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 2.21% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|MANAMA (capital) 262,000 (2011)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.26 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.92 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.89 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
total population: 1.54 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|20 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 9.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.1 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 78.43 years
male: 76.28 years
female: 80.63 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.83 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|61.8% (1995)
|Health expenditures:
|5% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|1.44 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
|Hospital bed density:
|1.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.2% (2001 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|fewer than 600 (2007 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|fewer than 200 (2003 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|32.9% (2008)
|Education expenditures:
|2.9% of GDP (2008)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 94.6%
male: 96.1%
female: 91.6% (2010 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2006)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 28.3%
male: 25.7%
female: 32.6% (2004)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain
conventional short form: Bahrain
local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn
local short form: Al Bahrayn
former: Dilmun, State of Bahrain
|Government type:
|constitutional monarchy
| name: Manama
geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
| 5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Asamah (Capital), Janubiyah (Southern), Muharraq, Shamaliyah (Northern), Wasat (Central)
note: each governorate administered by an appointed governor
|15 August 1971 (from the UK)
|National holiday:
|National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 was the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 was the date of independence from British protection
|adopted 14 February 2002
|Legal system:
|mixed legal system of Islamic law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law
|20 years of age; universal; note - Bahraini Cabinet in May 2011 endorsed a draft law lowering eligibility to 18 years
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa Al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969)
head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al-Khalifa (since 1971); First Deputy Prime Minister SALMAN bin Hamad Al Khalifa (since 11 March 2013); Deputy Prime Ministers ALI bin Khalifa bin Salman Al-Khalifa, Jawad bin Salim al-ARAIDH, KHALID bin Abdallah Al Khalifa, MUHAMMAD bin Mubarak Al-Khalifa
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
|Legislative branch:
| bicameral National Assembly consists of the Shura Council or Consultative Council (40 members appointed by the King) and the Council of Representatives or Chamber of Deputies (40 seats; members directly elected to serve four-year terms)
elections: Council of Representatives - last held in two rounds on 23 and 30 October 2010 (next election to be held in 2014); byelections to fill 18 vacated seats held in two rounds on 24 September and 1 October 2011
election results: Council of Representatives (2010) - percent of vote by society - NA; seats by society - Wifaq (Shia) 18, Asalah (Sunni Salafi) 3, Minbar (Sunni Muslim Brotherhood) 2, independents 17; Council of Representatives byelection for 18 seats vacated by Wifaq (2011) - seats by society - independent Sunni 8, independent Shia 8, other 2; note - Bahrain has societies rather than parties
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Court of Cassation (consists of a chairman and 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of a president and 6 members) note - the judiciary of Bahrain is divided into the civil law and sharia law courts judge selection and term of office: Court of Cassation and Constitutional Court judges appointed by royal decree and serve for a specified tenure
subordinate courts: High Court of Appeal; middle and lower civil courts; higher and lower shariah courts, and the High Shariah Court of Appeal
|Political parties and leaders:
|note: political parties are prohibited but political societies were legalized per a July 2005 law progovernment: Arab Islamic Center Society [Ahmad Sanad AL-BENALI] Constitutional Gathering Society Islamic Asalah [Abd al-Halim MURAD] Islamic Saff Society [Abdullah Khalil BU GHAMAR] Islamic Shura Society Movement of National Justice Society [Muhi al-Din KHAN] National Action Charter Society [Muhammad AL-BUAYNAYN] National Dialogue Society National Islamic Minbar [Ali AHMAD] National Unity Gathering [Abdullah AL-HUWAYHI] oppositon: National Democratic Action Society [Ibrahim SHARIF] National Democratic Assembly [Hasan AL-ALI] National Fraternity Society [Musa AL-ANSARI] National Progressive Tribune [Abd al-Nabi SALMAN] Unitary National Democratic Assemblage [Fadhil ABBAS] Wifaq National Islamic Society [Ali SALMAN]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Sunni: Al-Fatih Awakening Shia: 14 February Revolution Youth Coalition Bahrain Islamic Freedom Movement [Said SHIHABI] Haqq Movement [Hasan MUSHAYMA] Islamic Amal [Muhammad Ali AL-MAHFUDH] Khalas [Abd al-Rauf AL-SHAYIB] Wafa Islamic Society [Abd al-Wahab HUSAYN]
|International organization participation:
|ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CICA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National anthem:
| name: "Bahrainona" (Our Bahrain)
lyrics/music: unknown
note: adopted 1971; although Mohamed Sudqi AYYASH wrote the original lyrics, they were changed in 2002 following the transformation of Bahrain from an emirate to a kingdom
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Huda Azra Ibrahim NUNU
chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 342-1111
consulate(s) general: New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas C. KRAJESKI
embassy: Building #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 331, Zinj District, Manama
mailing address: PSC 451, Box 660, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama
telephone: [973] 1724-2700
|^Back to Top
Bahrain has taken great strides in diversifying its economy and its highly developed communication and transport facilities make Bahrain home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. As part of its diversification plans, Bahrain implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US in August 2006, the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state. Bahrain's economy, however, continues to depend heavily on oil. Petroleum production and refining account for more than 60% of Bahrain's export receipts, 70% of government revenues, and 11% of GDP. Other major economic activities are production of aluminum - Bahrain's second biggest export after oil - finance, and construction. Bahrain competes with Malaysia as a worldwide center for Islamic banking and continues to seek new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries. In 2011 and 2012, Bahrain experienced economic setbacks as a result of domestic unrest, however, several factors indicate that the economy is beginning to recover, such as the return of the formula one race and tourist cruise ships to Bahrain. Economic policies aimed at restoring confidence in Bahrain's economy, such as the suspension of an expatriate labor tax and frequent bailouts of Gulf Air, will make Bahrain's foremost long-term economic challenges - youth unemployment and the growth of government debt - more difficult to address.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $33.63 billion (2012 est.) $32.39 billion (2011 est.) $31.72 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $27.03 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|3.9% (2012 est.) 2.1% (2011 est.) 4.7% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $29,200 (2012 est.) $28,700 (2011 est.) $28,700 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|31.8% of GDP (2012 est.) 29.3% of GDP (2011 est.) 30.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 42.4%
government consumption: 14.2%
investment in fixed capital: 20.4%
investment in inventories: 0.5%
exports of goods and services: 84.6%
imports of goods and services: -62.1% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 42.4%
government consumption: 14.2%
investment in fixed capital: 20.4%
investment in inventories: 0.5%
exports of goods and services: 84.6%
imports of goods and services: -62.1% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish
|petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism
|Industrial production growth rate:
|1.8% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|705,900 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 1%
industry: 79%
services: 20% (1997 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|15% (2005 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
| revenues: $8.378 billion
expenditures: $8.675 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|31% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|54.3% of GDP (2012 est.) 47.8% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.8% (2012 est.) -0.4% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|$2.846 billion (2012 est.) $3.247 billion (2011 est.)
|$21.4 billion (2012 est.) $19.91 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles
|Exports - partners:
|Saudi Arabia 3%, India 2.2%, UAE 2%, South Korea 1.9% (2012)
|$15.17 billion (2012 est.) $12.11 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|crude oil, machinery, chemicals
|Imports - partners:
|Saudi Arabia 26.8%, US 9.7%, China 9.6%, Japan 6.4%, India 4.9%, France 4.7% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$4.853 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $4.245 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$27.12 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $27.04 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$16.87 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $15.94 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$10.02 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $8.777 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$17.15 billion (31 December 2011) $20.43 billion (31 December 2010) $16.93 billion (31 December 2009)
|Exchange rates:
|Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar - 0.376 (2012 est.) 0.376 (2011 est.) 0.376 (2010 est.) 0.376 (2009) 0.376 (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|13.16 billion kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 86
|Electricity - consumption:
|12.97 billion kWh (2011 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2011 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|214 million kWh (2011 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|3.168 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|100% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|44,800 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|152,600 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|256,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|107.2 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|270,800 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|51,450 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|226,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|12.58 billion cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|12.25 billion cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|92.03 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|30.69 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 276,500 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 122
|Cellular Phones in use:
|1.694 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: modern system
domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones
international: country code - 973; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth station - 1 (2007)
|Broadcast media:
|state-run Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation (BRTC) operates 5 terrestrial TV networks and several radio stations; satellite TV systems provide access to international broadcasts; 1 private FM station directs broadcasts to Indian listeners; radio and TV broadcasts from countries in the region are available (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|47,727 (2012)
|Internet users:
|419,500 (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 4 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 184
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 4
over 3,047 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
|1 (2013)
|gas 20 km; oil 54 km (2013)
| total 4,122 km
paved: 3,392 km
unpaved: 730 km (2010)
|Merchant marine:
| total 8
by type: bulk carrier 2, container 4, petroleum tanker 2
foreign-owned: 5 (Kuwait 5)
registered in other countries: 5 (Honduras 5) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Mina' Salman, Sitrah
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Bahrain Defense Force (BDF): Royal Bahraini Army (RBA), Royal Bahraini Navy (RBN), Royal Bahraini Air Force (RBAF), Royal Bahraini Air Defense Force (RBADF) (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for NCOs, technicians, and cadets; no conscription (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 508,863
females age 16-49: 290,801 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 423,757
females age 16-49: 245,302 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 8,988
female: 8,117 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|4.5% of GDP (2006)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Aurisonics Forte In-ear Headphones (Garnet Red)
"Aurisonics Forte – initial impressions I picked up the Aurisonics Fortes recently on eBay to try out the Bravo series "sound" – I currently own the ASG 2.5, and have previously owned and sold or traded the Rockets, Eva and ASG 1Plus (which were my first foray into proper mid-tier IEMs). I find their IEMS generally sit quite well with my musical preferences due to their tuning for their main..." --Jackpot77
Aurisonics EVA Low-Profile In-Ear Headphones (Polished Blue)
" Aurisonics Eva (Bravo series) – initial impressions Picked a pair of these up in the recent Hifiheadphones sale of "old" Aurisonics stock to try out some more of the famous Aurisonics midrange after enjoying the ASG series IEMs I have heard. I picked these up at the same time as the Aurisonics Rockets, and have been splitting my time over the last few weeks equally between them. Any..." --Jackpot77
Aurisonics Harmony
" Aurisonics Harmony – initial impressions As a fan of the Aurisonics house sound, I have spent the last year or so trying to work my way through the models in their range that I haven't yet listened to – I have previously owned the ASG 2.5, Rockets, Forte, Eva and ASG 1Plus (which were my first foray into proper mid-tier IEMs), but the Harmony and Kicker from the Bravo range..." --Jackpot77
Aurisonics ASG-2.5 Generic Fit Digital-Hybrid In-Ear Monitors in Polished Red
"Aurisonics ASG 2.5 – initial impressions I have recently picked a pair of the Aurisonics ASG-2.5 in one of the many closeout sales that are going on due to their acquisition/merger with Fender, and these are my initial impressions after burn-in and a solid week of listening. I'm still pretty new to this whole review/impressions thing, so please take it all with a pinch of salt –..." --Jackpot77
Aurisonics ASG-2
" Introduction The ASG-2 is Aurisonics' second (official) foray into the world of iems. The guys over at Aurisonics cater primarily to the music professional crowd, and their products are generally tuned for stage use. Their original ASG-1 was a perfect example of this, with its ability to present vocals in a way that made it seem as if the notes were rolling off your own..." --eke2k6
Aurisonics AS-1b
" Synopsis: The Aurisonics AS-1b is a very nice custom-fit monitor with a sound tuned for the needs of professional musicians performing on stage. It gives the listener a mid-centric sound that emphasizes the vocal range so a singer stands out in the mix. The large 15mm dynamic driver has an excellent, rich bass and on top there is a non-fatiguing, flat treble. The AS-1b offers musicians and..." --Kunlun
Aurisonics ASG-1 rev. 1.2
Aurisonics ASG-1 rev 1.2 Specifications Driver Type: 15mm Dynamic Frequency Response: 8Hz-25KHz Sensitivity: 121dB Impedance: 32Ω Cable: 54"|Replaceable Connector: Gold-Plated L-plug Warranty: 1 year
Aurisonics ASG-1 Rev 1.3
" I quite literally took a shot with these after the NY Meet. It was between these and the UE900s and I'm rather content with the decision, from the cable to the build, to the fit. Everything works. These are clearly stage monitors tuned so you can ear voices clearly and exact positioning of instruments. Because of this they have a great and slightly forward midrange. However for what they do..." --kyuuketsuki
Aurisonics AS-2
" Synopsis: The Aurisonics AS-2 is a high-end custom-fit in-ear stage monitor with a lively, rich sound. It has a unique, crossover-free design that allows its 15mm dynamic driver and two special balanced armatures to work together seamlessly. With an adjustable bass port system, the AS-2 provides a real bass energy in just the amount you want. Combined with a lush midrange and an accurate,..." --Kunlun
Aurisonics ASG-1.5 Generic Fit Digital-Hybrid In-Ear Monitors in Frosted Clear Finish
" Aurisonics ASG-1.5 initial impressions I have recently discovered the Aurisonics range of IEMs via some seriously discounted promotions on the web (due to their recent acquisition and rebranding by Fender). I have been listening to a few of their IEM range (the 1.5, 1Plus and have a 2.5 to listen to shortly) so as there are so few reviews of their..." --Jackpot77


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Shipping Information
|For any other shipping locations, please contact us for a custom quote.
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What is Conservation Glass?
Standard glass is suitable for most artwork in most homes. As ambient (indirect) sunlight and artificial light do not present a fading risk, most people do not require special UV filtering glass.
If you have a lot of direct sunlight in your home, you may want to upgrade your artwork purchase to conservation glass. Conservation glass filters out 97% of harmful UV rays and will prevent fading of signatures and artwork, as well as yellowing of paper.
The best thing to do is avoid hanging any art or photographs in direct sunlight. If you can't avoid direct sunlight, conservation glass is well worth the additional cost.
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Chocolate is not called Food of the Gods mistakenly and is chemically speaking the (almost) perfect food.
Imagine you went into space and were allowed one food on board to self-indulge. What would you choose?
At Artisan du Chocolat we like to think of ourselves as artists who use chocolate as a delicious medium of expression.
The revolution for fine cocoa has spawned dark chocolate snobs whilst milk chocolate has taken a kneecapping at the hands of those who view it as an ersatz of real chocolate.
Nigella Lawson's love of salted caramel is heady and passionate. We at Artisan du Chocolat have to take a small amount of responsibility for it.


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- This item is available by special order.
- This item is pictured above in the Red/Black Under Finish color.
Taos Dining Table
Each unique piece in our Southwest Furniture Collection is hand-made in Mexico in the style of old-world craftsmen to produce warm and welcoming rustic furniture that is solidly built to last a lifetime. The reclaimed wood is milled and graded, fumigated, kiln-dried, then stained and sealed for protection. The unique texture of the wood comes from decades of natural weathering and is the basis for this stunning line of rustic furniture. Each piece is available in any one of 12 exclusive finish colors with matching painted interiors.
Please Choose an Item
The Southwest Collection is constructed from wood reclaimed from local aging and abandoned haciendas. Using only aged, reclaimed wood, this collection reduces pressure on forest resources and promotes a sustainable usage cycle.
Helpful Information
Taos Dining Table
2010-04-15 Thank you so much for all your help!
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Charles M.; Vienna, VA
Taos Dining Table
2009-11-29 Hello, Just wanted to drop you a line in telling you how great our table and chairs we ordered from you are.
"Hello, Just wanted to drop you a line in telling you how great our table and chairs we ordered from you are. My wife and I are very pleased. Not only was the set beautiful, the packaging was excellent. We wanted to thank you for your help and your product, and plan to tell our family and friends where they can find you on the web. Thanks again."
Jack and Diane F.; Staten Island, NY
Taos Dining Table
2009-11-12 Thanks for the lovely tables.
"Thanks for the lovely tables. Everything arrived in excellent condition! The tables are gorgeous and I've gotten several compliments on the quality and style of the tables. Thanks again!"
Earl A.; Wilmington, DE
Taos Dining Table
2009-11-01 Our table and bench came today.
"Our table and bench came today. We LOVE the table! It is WONDERFUL and fits PERFECTLY in our home! We are SO glad we went with the larger table. We can now sit 10 comfortably and we will be able to eat our meals together again! It exceeded what we expected. The bench is very nice, too, but we were just really bowled over by the table! Thanks so much! It was packed very well, and I just wanted to let you know that our order arrived and we are very happy with it! Blessings to you!"
Amy S.; Sacramento, CA
Taos Dining Table
2009-09-21 I wanted to let you know how happy I am with my table and chairs!
"I wanted to let you know how happy I am with my table and chairs! They are really beautiful and complete our new house. The ordering process was smooth and the delivery was easy. I loved the updates via email and the ability to check the delivery company's progress to my house. The delivery company was gracious and careful with the order, and the furniture was packaged very carefully. All around great experience! I will look to La Fuente for future furniture (and other cool stuff) needs. Thanks."
Shelly K.; Chico, CA
Taos Dining Table
2009-08-10 I received my order as scheduled.
"I received my order as scheduled. The shipping company was very helpful. I LOVE LOVE LOVE my new table, nothing like the junk I've seen in my area. Thank you for offering quality items, quickly and reasonably priced! I look forward to doing business with you again in the future."
Lynda H.; Milford, CT
Taos Dining Table
2009-07-31 The table arrived this morning and it is beautiful.
"The table arrived this morning and it is beautiful. Exactly what I wanted. It is worth more than I paid for it! Placed the table right next to the large windows that face the lake. Will send some pictures later."
Brian H.; Dawsonville, GA
Taos Dining Table 10
Why Shop at La Fuente Imports?


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Selsun Blue Dual Action Shampoo
Selsun Blue Dual Action Shampoo is a brand of medicine containing the active ingredient selenium sulfide.
We do not currently have a consumer medicine information (CMI) leaflet for this brand of medicine.
CMIs are written by the manufacturer and explain how the medicine works and how to take it.
This page about Selsun Blue Dual Action Shampoo automatically lists related information collected from other pages of our website.
The list below includes links to conditions that Selsun Blue Dual Action Shampoo might be used to treat.
Consumers: If you have any questions about medicines, you can speak to one of our pharmacists at NPS Medicines Line by calling 1300 633 424. You can ring Monday to Friday, 9 am to 5 pm, Australian Eastern Standard Time (excluding NSW public holidays). For non-medicine products, further information may also be available from the manufacturer.


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Last visited objects: NGC 396
Galaxy NGC 396
Galaxy in Pisces constellation (The Fishes). Also known as PGC 99944.
Data Sheet
24'' x 18''24.0000
1h 08m 08s1.13569438
4º 31' 50''4.5308332
Telescope Simulator
Hourly Elevation
Apr 26
Maximum elevation at 11:57 hours
Monthly Elevation
Best period for observing at
Late November
Other Nearby Objects
Research LinksGoogle: NGC 396
Google Images: NGC 396
Fourmilab Virtual Telescope: NGC 396
Set time, date, aiming point, orbital elements to track a comet or asteroid, and many other settings. You can bookmark your searches, allowing direct access to your preferences.
SIMBAD astronomical database: NGC 396
Get object data, cross-identifications, measurements and bibliography for deep sky objects. You can query by coordinates, object name, and other criteria.
Sky View: NGC 396
Virtual Observatory to see images of any part of the celestial sphere at wavelengths from Radio to Gamma-Ray.
NGC/IC Project: NGC 396
Collaborative effort between astronomers around the world (both professional and amateur) to identify all of NGC and IC objects, building on the original notes with contemporary astronomers contributions. It collects images and gather data for the objects - classifications, positions, distances, diameters, colors, position angles, magnitudes, etc.


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Product Description
Manufacturer: HP
Type: OEM
Part No.: C3909A (09A)
Category: Toner Cartridge
No. of pages: Up to 15,000 pages at 5% Coverage Learn more...
Compatiblity with this product
|HP LaserJet 5si, 5si Mopier, 5si MX, 5si NX, 8000, 8000dn, 8000mfp, 8000n


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Puzzle Levels
Download a FREE Solution for your puzzles!
Click Image to Enlarge
Gogetter - Cat and Mouse
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Product Information
|Make the right connections to solve the puzzles
|Level 5 - Easy
|Smart Games
|Raf Peeters, Strategy - Logical
Product Description
Maker: Smart Games
Age: 5+
Build roads between the figures which have to reach each other, but not between those which are not alloud to cross eachother.You always have to replace the 9 puzzlepieces on the grid. 48 different challenges!
Speelgoed van het Jaar 2002
Dr Toy's best Vacation Product
Parent's Choice Award
Toy of the Year
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