text:
Dominican Republic Population: 10,219,6301 VISITOR FROM HERE!
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|The Taino - indigenous inhabitants of Hispaniola prior to the arrival of the Europeans - divided the island into five chiefdoms and territories. Christopher COLUMBUS explored and claimed the island on his first voyage in 1492; it became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821 but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. In 1861, the Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later they launched a war that restored independence in 1865. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative rule followed, capped by the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas TRUJILLO from 1930 to 1961. Juan BOSCH was elected president in 1962 but was deposed in a military coup in 1963. In 1965, the United States led an intervention in the midst of a civil war sparked by an uprising to restore BOSCH. In 1966, Joaquin BALAGUER defeated BOSCH in an election to become president. BALAGUER maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held in which opposition candidates have won the presidency. Former President Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna (first term 1996-2000) won election to a new term in 2004 following a constitutional amendment allowing presidents to serve more than one term, and was since reelected to a second consecutive term.
Shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti
|Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 48,670 sq km
land: 48,320 sq km
water: 350 sq km
Size comparison: slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 360 km
border countries: Haiti 360 km
|1,288 km
|Maritime claims:
| measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
|tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall
|rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Lago Enriquillo -46 m
highest point: Pico Duarte 3,175 m
|Natural resources:
|nickel, bauxite, gold, silver
|Land use:
| arable land: 16.44%
permanent crops: 9.25%
other: 74.32% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|3,065 sq km (2009)
|Natural hazards:
|lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts
|Current Environment Issues:
|water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
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| noun: Dominican(s)
adjective: Dominican
|Ethnic groups:
|mixed 73%, white 16%, black 11%
|Spanish (official)
|Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%
|10,219,630 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 28.5% (male 1,480,700/female 1,429,848)
15-24 years: 18.5% (male 966,822/female 928,758)
25-54 years: 39.1% (male 2,043,498/female 1,951,187)
55-64 years: 7% (male 360,897/female 356,169)
65 years and over: 6.9% (male 323,995/female 377,756) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 57.5 %
youth dependency ratio: 47.6 %
elderly dependency ratio: 9.9 %
potential support ratio: 10.1 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 26.8 years
male: 26.6 years
female: 26.9 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|1.28% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|19.21 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|4.46 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-1.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 69% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|SANTO DOMINGO (capital) 2.191 million (2011)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|20.3 (2007 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|150 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 20.44 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.39 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 77.62 years
male: 75.44 years
female: 79.88 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|2.39 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|72.9% (2007)
|Health expenditures:
|6.2% of GDP (2010)
|Hospital bed density:
|1.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 87% of population
rural: 84% of population
total: 86% of population
urban: 13% of population
rural: 16% of population
total: 14% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 87% of population
rural: 75% of population
total: 83% of population
urban: 13% of population
rural: 25% of population
total: 17% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.9% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|57,000 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|2,300 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|21.2% (2008)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|3.4% (2007)
|Education expenditures:
|2.2% of GDP (2007)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90.1%
male: 90%
female: 90.2% (2011 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 12 years
male: 12 years
female: 13 years (2004)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 30.3%
male: 21.2%
female: 44.5% (2007)
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|Country name:
| conventional long form: Dominican Republic
conventional short form: The Dominican
local long form: Republica Dominicana
local short form: La Dominicana
|Government type:
|democratic republic
| name: Santo Domingo
geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 69 54 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|31 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Bahoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, El Seibo, Elias Pina, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, San Cristobal, San Jose de Ocoa, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Sanchez Ramirez, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Santo Domingo, Valverde
|27 February 1844 (from Haiti)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 27 February (1844)
|28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002 and January 2010
|Legal system:
|civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system
|18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age can vote; note - members of the armed forces and national police cannot vote by law
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (since 16 August 2012); Vice President Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (since 16 August 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (since 16 August 2012); Vice President Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (since 16 August 2012)
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the president (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held on 20 May 2012 (next to be held in 2016)
election results: Danilo MEDINA Sanchez elected president; percent of vote - Danilo MEDINA Sanchez 51.2%, Hipolito MEJIA 47%, other 1.8%; Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ elected vice president
|Legislative branch:
| bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (32 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (183 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held on 16 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 16 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2016); in order to synchronize presidential, legislative, and local elections for 2016, those members elected in 2010 will actually serve six-year terms
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLD 31, PRSC 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLD 105, PRD 75, PRSC 3
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges) note - the Constitutional Court was established in 2010 by constitutional amendment judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary comprised of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7- year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms
subordinate courts: courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace; special courts for juvenile, labor, and land cases; Contentious Administrative Court for cases filed against the government
|Political parties and leaders:
|Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna] Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Miguel VARGAS Maldonado] National Progressive Front [Vinicio CASTILLO, Pelegrin CASTILLO] Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Carlos MORALES Troncoso]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Citizen Participation Group (Participacion Ciudadania) Collective of Popular Organizations or COP Foundation for Institution-Building and Justice or FINJUS
|International organization participation:
|ACP, AOSIS, BCIE, Caricom (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA (associated member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|palmchat (bird)
|National anthem:
| name: "Himno Nacional" (National Anthem)
lyrics/music: Emilio PRUD"HOMME/Jose REYES
note: adopted 1934; also known as "Quisqueyanos valientes" (Valient Sons of Quisqueye); the anthem never refers to the people as Dominican but rather calls them "Quisqueyanos," a reference to the indigenous name of the island
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Anibal de Jesus de CASTRO Rodriguez
chancery: 1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 332-6280
consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Glendale (CA), Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Raul H. YZAGUIRRE
embassy: corner of Calle Cesar Nicolas Penson and Calle Leopoldo Navarro, Santo Domingo
mailing address: Unit 5500, APO AA 34041-5500
telephone: [1] (809) 221-2171
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The Dominican Republic has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, but in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in telecommunications, tourism, and free trade zones. The economy is highly dependent upon the US, the destination for more than half of exports. Remittances from the US amount to about one-tenth of GDP, equivalent to almost half of exports and three-quarters of tourism receipts. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GDP, while the richest 10% enjoys nearly 40% of GDP. High unemployment and underemployment remains an important long-term challenge. The Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) came into force in March 2007, boosting investment and exports and reducing losses to the Asian garment industry. The growth of the Dominican Republic's economy rebounded from the global recession in 2010-12 and remains one of the fastest growing in the region although its fiscal situation is weak; the fiscal deficit climbed from 2.6% in 2011 to approximately 8% in 2012. A tax reform package passed in November 2012 aims to narrow this deficit.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $100.4 billion (2012 est.) $96.61 billion (2011 est.) $92.47 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $59 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|3.9% (2012 est.) 4.5% (2011 est.) 7.8% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $9,800 (2012 est.) $9,600 (2011 est.) $9,400 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 84.7%
government consumption: 7.9%
investment in fixed capital: 16.4%
investment in inventories: 0.1%
exports of goods and services: 25.3%
imports of goods and services: -34.3% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 84.7%
government consumption: 7.9%
investment in fixed capital: 16.4%
investment in inventories: 0.1%
exports of goods and services: 25.3%
imports of goods and services: -34.3% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs
|tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco
|Industrial production growth rate:
|1.4% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|4.806 million (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 14.6%
industry: 22.3%
services: 63.1% (2005)
|Unemployment rate:
|14.7% (2012 est.) 14.6% (2011 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|34.4% (2010 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 36.4% (2010 est.)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|47.2 (2010 est.) 52 (2000 est.)
| revenues: $8.224 billion
expenditures: $12.07 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|13.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|42% of GDP (2012 est.) 38.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (2012 est.) 8.5% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$4.254 billion (2012 est.) -$4.521 billion (2011 est.)
|$9.079 billion (2012 est.) $8.612 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats, consumer goods
|Exports - partners:
|US 46.1%, Haiti 17.4%, China 4.2% (2012)
|$17.76 billion (2012 est.) $17.44 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
|Imports - partners:
|US 42.5%, Venezuela 7.4%, China 6.2%, Mexico 5.2%, Colombia 4.2% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$3.579 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $4.117 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$16.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $15.39 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$24.89 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $21.28 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$59 million (31 December 2012 est.) $59 million (31 December 2011 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|Exchange rates:
|Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar - 39.336 (2012 est.) 38.232 (2011 est.) 37.307 (2010 est.) 36.03 (2009) 34.775 (2008)
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|Electricity - production:
|12.3 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 89
|Electricity - consumption:
|9.881 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|2.973 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|83% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|16.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|26,150 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|33,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|122,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|88,480 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|820 million cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|820 million cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|19.6 million Mt (2010 est.)
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|Telephones in use:
| 1.044 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 76
|Cellular Phones in use:
|8.77 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: relatively efficient system based on island-wide microwave radio relay network
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 10 per 100 persons; multiple providers of mobile-cellular service with a subscribership of nearly 90 per 100 persons
international: country code - 1-809; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), Antillas 1, and the Fibralink submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)
|Broadcast media:
|combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country; combination of state-owned and privately owned radio stations with more than 300 radio stations operating (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|404,500 (2012)
|Internet users:
|2.701 million (2009)
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| 36 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 109
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 16
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 20
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 18 (2013)
|1 (2013)
|gas 27 km; oil 103 km (2013)
| total 142 km
standard gauge: 142 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)
| total 19,705 km
paved: 9,872 km
unpaved: 9,833 km (2002)
|Ports and terminals:
| major seaport(s): Puerto Haina, Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo
oil/gas terminal(s): Andres LNG terminal (Boca Chica), Punta Nizao oil terminal
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|Military branches:
|Army (Ejercito Nacional, EN), Navy (Marina de Guerra, MdG; includes naval infantry), Dominican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Dominicana, FAD) (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|17-21 years of age for voluntary military service; recruits must have completed primary school and be Dominican Republic citizens; women may volunteer (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 2,580,083
females age 16-49: 2,464,698 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 2,188,358
females age 16-49: 2,090,180 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 100,047
female: 96,302 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|0.7% of GDP (2012)
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|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Haitian migrants cross the porous border into the Dominican Republic to find work; illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage each year to Puerto Rico to find better work
|Illicit drugs:
|transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada; substantial money laundering activity in particular by Colombian narcotics traffickers; significant amphetamine consumption (2008)
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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The last couple of days have been days that were inspiring for me. Inspiring in a couple of ways, lets start with Veterans Day.
Our High School held its first ever "Living History Day" on Wednesday. This was a day in which the entire school honored Veterans from all era's. Inspiring because of the hard work and dedication the student body put into the event. Along with a coordinator, the students of the largest high school in the state put on a class A event. Veterans from World War II, Korea, Vietnam, the Gulf War, and the current campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan were invited and in attendance. They decorated the school with massive American flags and lined the street leading to the high school with hundreds of flags. A local military museum had an old WW I tank in display as well as a 1910 Taxi from France. The National Guard had some displays of current equipment, but it was the student body that really highlighted the experience.
The culinary class put out a nice spread of coffee and baked goods and made a wonderful lunch. The JROTC cadets provided escorts that lead Veterans into the classrooms for 2 hours to talk with and answer questions from the students. The student body dressed in shirts and ties and the girls wore nice outfits in honor of the special guests.
I was extremely impressed with the questions asked in the classrooms that I had the pleasure of being invited to. At the end of the school day they held an assembly. Because the school is so large they can not get the entire student body in one place at the same time, plus all of the Veterans, so the Freshman met in the small gym and listened to speakers from a number of conflicts. The sophomores met in the performing arts center with a Holocaust survivor. This brave man made a great impression on the kids. His story was that of perseverance and will.
The Juniors and Seniors met in the main gym with the bulk of the Veterans. One of the Tuskegee Airman gave a speech on making your mark in the world and both challenged and inspired the students. There were recognitions of the services and some of the individuals that were in the gym that truly left a mark with their service. I appreciate all the hard work that the students put into this event. I was told by one of my son's friends that is on the student council that the student government as well as many clubs and sports teams spent the better part of a week preparing for the event. The day and night before, they stayed at the school and many slept at the school until the final details were complete.
I am proud of these kids.
The second part of this weeks inspiration came on the Football field last night. Now, if you follow this blog you know that I love football. I think that every one should participate in some team sport. I may into that at another time, but for the sake of this post, lets just say that team sports develop in young people values and ethics that when coupled with Scouting, round them out in their growth and make them better people. The Reynolds Raider Football team has been a program that has struggled for many years. They have gone season after season without a winning record, there has been little pride in the program and the student body has been patient, but not very supportive. Last year the school hired a new head coach that brought not only a new and exciting offense to the team, but a new attitude to the team in which the team meant more than the individual. It has been a real slow go and last year the team won only one game. Which given the previous years was an accomplishment.
This year the team has been sparked by an enthusiastic group of underclassmen and a solid core of Seniors. What they lacked in skills and strength, they made up for in heart and grit. Game after game, they went out and never gave up. They won two games in the regular season this year. Yes, only two games, but they scored a lot of points and in the games they lost, the margin was very tight, loosing one game in overtime. The Oregon Student Sports Association (OSAA) has a unique playoff system in which the top teams get an automatic bid into the playoffs while the bottom teams are given one chance to "make it" into the playoffs to fill the remaining spots in the bracket. they call this a "Play in" game. The Raiders played in one of these games last Friday. With no time left on the clock and down by 7 points, they scored a touchdown. The coach decided to test his young men. It was win or lose and the ball was placed for the point after. They were going for 2 to win the game or go home.
A quick pass in the corner of the end zone and the Reynolds Raiders entered the Play offs for the first time in seven years!
Last night was that first play off game. Lined up against the number one team in the State the challenge was great. This would test the team in more ways than just making plays.
The Lake Oswego Lakers are a great team. They are undefeated and possess all the skill, team work, and an established program that keeps them at the top of the brackets year after year. Surely a game that would be easy to give up on, but the Raiders took the field last night and stood toe to toe with the best. They saw how the number one team could move the ball at will and how a team that is dedicated to winning could impose themselves on anyone that lined up.
But here is the inspiring part, did the Raiders quit? Give up and allow themselves to be taken out of the game? NO. In fact, they came out and fought hard on the field. They passed the ball with precision and pressured the Lakers and made them earn their points. Mistakes were made and at the end of the game it was not close, but the Raiders kept their heads up and learned from the experience. The Lakers knew that playing against a 3 and 7 team should not have been a challenge, but showed a lot of class and respect for our team. This too was a great lesson for our team. Winning with class and having respect for your opponent.
Heart and dedication is building a football program at our High School. Next will be better, and the year after will be better yet because of these young men on the field.
As you all are also aware, Josh my youngest son, is the Starting Quarterback for the varsity team. He is only a Sophomore and had a great season. Last night facing number one, he threw for a touchdown and ran for one. Those were the Raiders only two scores in the game. He finished his first Varsity season with many great accomplishments including throwing 22 touchdown passes and well over 2150 yards of passing. He helped take his team to their first playoff game and is part of the core that will move the team to future success.
The final inspiration of the week came on Thursday night when our oldest son met with the District Advancement chairman and his team with his Eagle packet. His application is in, paperwork complete, and now waiting on his Board of Review.
An accomplishment that I never achieved as a kid. His hard work, dynamic leadership, and will to finish has earned him the right to join the ranks of those we call Eagle Scouts. I am so proud of him and inspired by his work. He turns 18 on Tuesday and Monday starts his final season Wrestling for Reynolds High School. His hard work in Scouting, School, and on the wrestling mat has brought him many success and set him up for success in the future.
This has been an inspirational week for me. Inspiration from youth! I am sure we will be in good hands in the future if what I saw this week and what I see almost everyday is any indication.
Be inspired.. take a look at the kids around you.
Have a Great Scouting Day!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
An easy-care children's show shirt with traditional style and a budget-friendly price. The Devon-Aire® Concour Child's Short Sleeve Show Shirt presents a crisp look in the show ring with its hand-set buttons, reinforced placket, cuffed sleeve hems and single needle tailoring. The choker is permanently attached to prevent loss, but can be opened with hook-and-loop fasteners. Shirttails are just the right length to stay tucked during riding.
55% cotton/45% polyester.
Machine wash.
|Devon-Aire® believes in giving you the lowest possible price and still dressing you beautifully. Like high-priced brands, Devon-Aire offers rich, European fabrics and leathers, the latest in stretch and moisture-management technology and contoured designs to fit and flatter your body – but with a much lighter touch on your wallet. Family-owned for over 30 years and a proud supporter of the USPC.
Dover Saddlery is proud to offer a 100% satisfaction guarantee on all of our products. We stand behind the quality of our products, and should you not be satisfied with your purchase, simply return it and we will refund, replace or exchange it for you.
100% Satisfaction Guaranteed - Your Money Back Any Time, for Any Reason.
Dover Saddlery understands your concerns regarding online security. We share in your concerns and therefore work hard with experts in the field to maintain a highly secure ordering environment. Along with our comment to security, we offer you a Secure Order Guarantee - this gives you 100% protection for your credit card transactions on Doversaddlery.com.
Our Secure Order Guarantee means that you will never have to pay any money related to unauthorized charges to your credit card account, as long as those charges are a direct result from a transaction on Doversaddlery.com.
How it works: If you experience credit card fraud, the Fair Credit Act specifies that your credit card company can hold you liable for no more than $50.00 in fraudulent charges to your account. Our Secure Order Guarantee will reimburse you for any amount up to $50.00 billed to you by your credit card company for unauthorized charges to your account, if those charges result from an order you placed with Doversaddlery.com. For this protection you must promptly notify your credit card company of fraudulent charges and follow their procedures as outlined in your credit card agreement.
Show us your equestrian style. #itsfromdover


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Review Details
Transit 2 Jacket
- Product Review (submitted on June 12, 2010):
- ooohhh my what a perfect jacket,what sleeve problem. like advertised it felt soft and supple the moment I put it on.it is relaxed and very flexible with the elastic inserts, they are in the right spot for my fit.since I've had my second layer of skin we gone through two rain storms ,dry dry dry oh my.so much for my old leather.thanks Don.oh I don't work for Aerostich. :-)>


text:
- aerospace [4]
- construction [9]
- consumer products [4]
- customer service [1]
- energy systems [10]
- finance [2]
- healthcare [32]
- industrial products [7]
- IT & telecom [1]
- logistics [22]
- military, defense, safety [5]
- science and education [26]
- social research [17]
- technology [25]
- asset management [3]
- business processes [16]
- communication networks [2]
- epidemiology [10]
- freight traffic modeling [8]
- labour market [3]
- management [22]
- manufacturing processes [14]
- market modeling [7]
- marketing [8]
- personnel [3]
- strategic management [11]
- supply chain management [10]
- agent based modeling [77]
- discrete event modeling [46]
- multimethod modeling [28]
- system dynamics modeling [40]
Autonomic Self-Optimization According to Business Objectives Sarel Aiber, Dagan Gilat, Ariel Landau, Natalia Razinkov, Aviad Sela, and Segev Wasserkrug. International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC'04), May 17 - 18, 2004, New York, New York, USA
Current IT related optimization efforts focus on optimizing IT level metrics such as response times, availability, etc. What the business requires is that such IT optimization be carried out so as to optimize business objectives. Such optimization is not a one-time effort as there may be significant changes, (e.g. server failures, sudden increase in the number of users) that may render any existing policy sub-optimal. Such optimization can be led in AnyLogic.» 続きを読む
IRS POST-FILING PROCESSES SIMULATION MODELING: A COMPARISON OF DES WITH ECONOMETRIC MICROSIMULATION IN TAX ADMINISTRATION Arnold Greenland, Erica Layne Morrison, David Connors, John L. Guyton, Michael Sebastiani, 2007 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC'07), Washington D.C., December 9-12, 2007
IRS Office of Research Headquarters measures and models taxpayer burden, defined as expenditures of time and money by taxpayers to comply with the federal tax system. In this research activity, IRS created two microsimulation models using econometric techniques to enable the Service to produce annual estimates of taxpayer compliance burden for individual and small business populations. Additionally, a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model was developed to represent taxpayer activities and IRS administration in postfiling processes.» 続きを読む
A Modern Simulation Approach for Pharmaceutical Portfolio Management Kirk Solo and Mark Paich. International Conference on Health Sciences Simulation (ICHSS'04), January 18 - 21, 2004, San Diego, California, USA
By creating an integrated simulation environment that models the underlying structure of a pharmaceutical enterprise portfolio it becomes possible to identify the optimal longitudinal allocation of finite resources across the constellation of available investment opportunities. The implementation of a hybrid approach that integrates multiple modeling techniques and analytic disciplines allows for a comprehensive environment that captures the underlying dynamics that drive observed market behavior. The implementation of an object oriented model structure constrains the models complexity by supporting dynamic re-use of both structure and logic.» 続きを読む
Modeling General Motors and the North American Automobile Market Philip T. Keenan and Mark Paich. The 22nd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, July 25 - 29, 2004, Oxford, England
This article discusses General Motors' North American Enterprise Model, a system dynamics model of the entire North American automobile market. The Enterprise Model takes a broad look across the corporation and its marketplace, combining internal activities such as engineering, manufacturing and marketing with external factors such as competition for consumer purchases in the new and used vehicle marketplaces. Eight groups of manufacturers compete monthly for a decade across eighteen vehicle segments, making segment-by-segment decisions about price, volume and investment.» 続きを読む
From System Dynamics and Discrete Event to Practical Agent Based Modeling: Reasons, Techniques, Tools Andrei Borshchev and Alexei Filippov. The 22nd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, July 25 - 29, 2004, Oxford, England
This paper may be considered as a practical reference for those who wish to add (now sufficiently matured) Agent Based modeling to their analysis toolkit and may or may not have some System Dynamics or Discrete Event modeling background. We focus on systems that contain large numbers of active objects (people, business units, animals, vehicles, or even things like projects, stocks, products, etc. that have timing, event ordering or other kind of individual behavior associated with them). We compare the three major paradigms in simulation modeling: System Dynamics, Discrete Event and Agent Based Modeling with respect to how they approach such systems. We show in detail how an Agent Based model can be built from an existing System Dynamics or a Discrete Event model and then show how easily it can be further enhanced to capture much more complicated behavior, dependencies and interactions thus providing for deeper insight in the system being modeled.» 続きを読む
Spatial Dynamics of Social Network Evolution Sara Metcalf and Mark Paich. The 23rd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, July 17 - 21, 2005, Boston, USA
This paper explores the problem of fragmenting social networks enabled by spatial distancing between distinct socioeconomic classes. Such fragmentation is evidenced by the experience of urban sprawl without population growth. We develop a prototype model to examine the spatial dynamics of social network evolution in the face of neighborhood migration. This model draws upon the small world analogy by using an initial template of connections that are "rewired" over time. Spatially, connections are established for neighborhood proximity. Socially, connections are added based upon similarity of economic class.» 続きを読む
A Spatio Temporal Simulation Model for Evaluating Delinquency and Crime Policies Sergio E. Quijada, Juan F. Arcas, Cristian Renner, and Luis Rabelo. 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC'05), December 4-7, Orlando, FL, USA
System Dynamics, has been useful for a variety of disciplines; however, it has limitations in showing a geographical representation of the models under study. This paper proposes a methodology based on layered vectors which allows the use a city's census information to feed a Geographic Information System (GIS). The GIS objects implemented into System Dynamics and located at coordinates X.Y.Z become the entry parameters for the simulation.» 続きを読む
Multimethod Simulation Modeing using AnyLogic Andrei Borshchev, INFORMS Roundtable Meeting Fall 2007, Seattle, USA
The presentation shows you how to develop simulation models, choose abstraction level and methodology.» 続きを読む
Decreased length of stay after addition of healthcare provider in emergency department triage Theodore Eugene Day, Abdul Rahim Al-Roubaie, Eric Jonathan Goldlust; EMJ Online First, August 22, 2012
The objective of this paper was to determine the effects of adding a healthcare provider in triage on average length of stay (LOS) and proportion of patients with >6 h LOS. The other goal was to assess the accuracy of computer simulation in predicting the magnitude of such effects on these metrics.» 続きを読む
Hybrid simulation of renewable energy generation and storage grids Peter Bazan, Reinhard German, WSC-2012, Berlin
The share of renewable energy sources in energy production is growing steadily. Domestic homes can be equipped with solar panels, micro combined heat and power systems, batteries, and they can become adaptive consumers. They can also deliver energy to the grid and react to the energy supply. This paper presents a hybrid simulation approach for the analysis of a grid of domestic homes equipped with different technological options with respect to efficiency and costs. For energy storage and energy flows the system dynamics modeling paradigm is used whereas control decisions are modeled as statecharts. The highly intermittent solar irradiation and also the electric power and heat demands are implemented as stochastic models. The component-based design allows for quick creation of new case studies. As examples, different homes with batteries, micro combined heat and power systems, or energy carrier carbazole as energy storage are analyzed» 続きを読む


text:
Yemen Population: 25,408,2882 VISITORS FROM HERE!
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
|North Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement and brief civil war in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to a delimitation of their border. Fighting in the northwest between the government and Huthi rebels, a group seeking a return to traditional Zaydi Islam, began in 2004 and has since resulted in six rounds of fighting - the last ended in early 2010 with a cease-fire that continues to hold. The southern secessionist movement was revitalized in 2008 when a popular socioeconomic protest movement initiated the prior year took on political goals including secession. Public rallies in Sana'a against then President SALIH - inspired by similar demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt - slowly built momentum starting in late January 2011 fueled by complaints over high unemployment, poor economic conditions, and corruption. By the following month, some protests had resulted in violence, and the demonstrations had spread to other major cities. By March the opposition had hardened its demands and was unifying behind calls for SALIH's immediate ouster. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in late April 2011, in an attempt to mediate the crisis in Yemen, proposed an agreement in which the president would step down in exchange for immunity from prosecution. SALIH's refusal to sign an agreement led to heavy street fighting and his injury in an explosion in June 2011. The UN Security Council passed Resolution 2014 in October 2011 calling on both sides to end the violence and complete a power transfer deal. In late November 2011, SALIH signed the GCC-brokered agreement to step down and to transfer some of his powers to Vice President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI. Following elections in February 2012, won by HADI, SALIH formally transferred his powers. In accordance with the GCC initiative, Yemen launched a National Dialogue to discuss key constitutional, political, and social issues in mid-March 2013.
Strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes
|Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 527,968 sq km
land: 527,968 sq km
water: 0 sq km
note: includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)
Size comparison: slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 1,746 km
border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km
|1,906 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
|mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east
|narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m
highest point: Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m
|Natural resources:
|petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west
|Land use:
| arable land: 2.2%
permanent crops: 0.55%
other: 97.25% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|6,801 sq km (2004)
|Natural hazards:
|sandstorms and dust storms in summer volcanism: limited volcanic activity; Jebel at Tair (Jabal al-Tair, Jebel Teir, Jabal al-Tayr, Jazirat at-Tair) (elev. 244 m), which forms an island in the Red Sea, erupted in 2007 after awakening from dormancy; other historically active volcanoes include Harra of Arhab, Harras of Dhamar, Harra es-Sawad, and Jebel Zubair, although many of these have not erupted in over a century
|Current Environment Issues:
|limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Yemeni(s)
adjective: Yemeni
|Ethnic groups:
|predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans
|Arabic (official)
|Muslim (Islam - official) including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shia), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu
|25,408,288 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 42% (male 5,433,121/female 5,235,891)
15-24 years: 21.1% (male 2,720,793/female 2,640,652)
25-54 years: 30.6% (male 3,974,091/female 3,797,543)
55-64 years: 3.7% (male 446,293/female 490,628)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 315,141/female 354,135) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 75.6 %
youth dependency ratio: 70.6 %
elderly dependency ratio: 5.1 %
potential support ratio: 19.8 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 18.5 years
male: 18.4 years
female: 18.6 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|2.5% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|31.63 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|6.64 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 32.3% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 4.78% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|SANAA (capital) 2.229 million (2009)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|19.2 note: Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (1997 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|200 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 51.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 56.33 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 47.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 64.47 years
male: 62.39 years
female: 66.65 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|4.27 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|27.7% (2006)
|Health expenditures:
|5.2% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
|Hospital bed density:
|0.7 beds/1,000 population (2010)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 72% of population
rural: 47% of population
total: 55% of population
urban: 28% of population
rural: 53% of population
total: 45% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 93% of population
rural: 34% of population
total: 53% of population
urban: 7% of population
rural: 66% of population
total: 47% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.1% (2001 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|12,000 (2001 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|14.5% (2008)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|43.1% (2003)
|Education expenditures:
|5.2% of GDP (2008)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 65.3%
male: 82.1%
female: 48.5% (2011 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 9 years
male: 11 years
female: 7 years (2005)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Republic of Yemen
conventional short form: Yemen
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah
local short form: Al Yaman
former: Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]
|Government type:
| name: Sanaa
geographic coordinates: 15 21 N, 44 12 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|20 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) and 1 municipality*; Abyan, 'Adan (Aden), Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Amanat al 'Asimah (Sanaa City)*, 'Amran, Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Raymah, Sa'dah, San'a' (Sanaa), Shabwah, Ta'izz
|22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen became independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate in 1962; South Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)
|National holiday:
|Unification Day, 22 May (1990)
|16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
|Legal system:
|mixed legal system of Islamic law, Napoleonic law, English common law, and customary law
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (Field Marshal) (since 25 February 2012)
head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad Salim BA SINDWAH (since 27 November 2011)
cabinet: on 27 November 2011, Vice President HADI requested Interim Prime Minister Muhammad Salim BA SINDWAH to form a new government following the resignation of President SALIH on 24 November 2011 (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term based on constitution; however a special election was held on 21 February 2012 to remove Ali Abdallah SALIH based on a GCC-mediated deal during the political crisis of 2011 (next election to be held in 2014); vice president appointed by the president but position is vacant; prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI elected as a consensus president with about 50% popular participation; no other candidates
|Legislative branch:
| bicameral legislature consisting of a Shura Council (111 seats; members appointed by the president) and House of Representatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies to serve six-year terms)
elections: last held on 27 April 2003 (scheduled April 2009 election postponed)
election results: House of Representatives percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GPC 238, Islah 47, YSP 6, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party 2, independents 5
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the president of the Court, 2 deputies, and nearly 50 judges; court organized into constitutional, civil, commercial, family, administrative, criminal, military, and appeals scrutiny divisions) judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the Supreme Judicial Council, chaired by the president of the republic and consisting of 10 high-ranking judicial officers; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65
subordinate courts: appeal courts; district or first instance courts; commercial courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|General People's Congress or GPC [Ali Abdallah SALIH, Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI] Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [Muhammed Abdallah al-YADUMI, Abdul Wahab al-ANSI] Nasserite Unionist Party [Sultan al-ATWANI] Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Yasin Said NU'MAN] note: there are at least seven more active political parties
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Muslim Brotherhood Women National Committee other: conservative tribal groups; Huthis, southern secessionist groups; al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
|International organization participation:
|AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
|National symbol(s):
|golden eagle
|National anthem:
| name: "al-qumhuriyatu l-muttahida" (United Republic)
lyrics/music: Abdullah Abdulwahab NOA'MAN/Ayyoab Tarish ABSI
note: adopted 1990; the music first served as the anthem for South Yemen before unification with North Yemen in 1990
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Adel Ali Ahmed AL-SUNAINI
chancery: 2319 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 965-4760
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Gerald M. FEIERSTEIN
embassy: Sa'awan Street, Sanaa
mailing address: P. O. Box 22347, Sanaa
telephone: [967] (1) 755-2000 ext. 2153 or 2266
|^Back to Top
Yemen is a low income country that is highly dependent on declining oil resources for revenue. Petroleum accounts for roughly 25% of GDP and 70% of government revenue. Yemen has tried to counter the effects of its declining oil resources by diversifying its economy through an economic reform program initiated in 2006 that is designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign investment. In October 2009, Yemen exported its first liquefied natural gas as part of this diversification effort. In January 2010, the international community established the Friends of Yemen group that aims to support Yemen's efforts toward economic and political reform. In 2012, the Friends of Yemen pledged over $7 billion in assistance to Yemen. The Yemeni Government also endorsed a Mutual Accountability Framework to facilitate the efficient implementation of donor aid. The unrest that began in early 2011 caused GDP to plunge more than 15% in 2011, and about 2% in 2012. Availability of basic services, including electricity, water, and fuel, has improved since the transition, but progress toward achieving more sustainable economic stability has been slow and uneven. Yemen continues to face difficult long-term challenges, including declining water resources, high unemployment, and a high population growth rate.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $60.06 billion (2012 est.) $59.97 billion (2011 est.) $66.99 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $35.64 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|0.1% (2012 est.) -10.5% (2011 est.) 7.7% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $2,300 (2012 est.) $2,400 (2011 est.) $2,700 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Gross national saving:
|8.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 8.6% of GDP (2011 est.) 9.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 77.3%
government consumption: 14.3%
investment in fixed capital: 18%
investment in inventories: -4.1%
exports of goods and services: 19.7%
imports of goods and services: -25.2% (2012 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 77.3%
government consumption: 14.3%
investment in fixed capital: 18%
investment in inventories: -4.1%
exports of goods and services: 19.7%
imports of goods and services: -25.2% (2012 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton; dairy products, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish
|crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement; commercial ship repair; natural gas production
|Industrial production growth rate:
|0.8% (2012 est.)
|Labor force:
|7.158 million (2012 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
|note: most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force
|Unemployment rate:
|35% (2003 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|45.2% (2003)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 30.8% (2005)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|37.7 (2005) 33.4 (1998)
| revenues: $7.359 billion
expenditures: $11.2 billion (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|20.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Public debt:
|43% of GDP (2012 est.) 36.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.2% (2012 est.) 19.5% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$2.19 billion (2012 est.) -$1.663 billion (2011 est.)
|$7.604 billion (2012 est.) $8.662 billion (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish, liquefied natural gas
|Exports - partners:
|China 37.3%, Thailand 15.8%, South Korea 11.4%, India 9.9%, UAE 5.3% (2012)
|$8.893 billion (2012 est.) $8.248 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals
|Imports - partners:
|China 15.7%, UAE 14.4%, India 9.7%, Saudi Arabia 6.8%, Kuwait 5.1% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$6.158 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $4.531 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$7.395 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $6.418 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|Exchange rates:
|Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar - 214.35 (2012 est.) 213.8 (2011 est.) 219.59 (2010 est.) 202.85 (2009) 199.76 (2008)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|6.339 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 109
|Electricity - consumption:
|4.7 billion kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2010 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|1.33 million kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|162,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|191,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|2.88 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|83,130 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|177,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|18,140 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|61,950 bbl/day (2008 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|6.24 billion cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|760 million cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|5.48 billion cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2010 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|478.5 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|26.5 million Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 1.075 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 74
|Cellular Phones in use:
|11.668 million (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national telecommunications network
domestic: the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, GSM and CDMA mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains low by regional standards
international: country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti (2006)
|Broadcast media:
|state-run TV with 2 stations; state-run radio with 2 national radio stations and 5 local stations; stations from Oman and Saudi Arabia can be accessed (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|33,206 (2012)
|Internet users:
|2.349 million (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 57 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 83
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 17
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 40
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 16
under 914 m: 9 (2013)
|gas 641 km; liquid petroleum gas 22 km; oil 1,370 km (2013)
| total 71,300 km
paved: 6,200 km
unpaved: 65,100 km (2005)
|Merchant marine:
| total 5
by type: chemical tanker 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1
registered in other countries: 14 (Moldova 4, Panama 4, Sierra Leone 2, Togo 1, unknown 3) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla
|^Back to Top
|A Coast Guard was established in 2002
|Military branches:
|Land Forces, Naval and Coastal Defense Forces (includes Marines), Air and Air Defense Force (al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Yemeniya), Border Guards, Stategic Reserve Forces (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; 2-year service obligation (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 5,652,256
females age 16-49: 5,387,160 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 4,056,944
females age 16-49: 4,116,895 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 287,141
female: 277,612 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|6.6% of GDP (2006)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Saudi Arabia has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
|refugees (country of origin): 5,221 (Ethiopia) (2012); 229,447 (Somalia) (2013) IDPs: 306,791 (conflict in Sa'ada governorate; clashes between AQAP and government forces) (2013)
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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"Art has a way of freeing the spirit and bringing peace and tranquility to the soul. It is a non-judgmental form of expression. It accesses the parts of our brain that feel but cannot use words." – Katie Tobias
"It is not about producing a masterpiece or winning a show. Art is expressing your feelings, communicating with shapes and color and light, and sharing your own unique perspective of the world around you." – Janet Stone
It's no coincidence that Apollo is the Greek god of art and medicine. The connection between creative expression and physical wellbeing has long been observed and has earned the attention of medical researchers and treating clinicians. One 1994 study showed that those who wrote about stressful experiences for 20 minutes a day, three days a week, fared better than those who didn't, and better than those who wrote on neutral subjects. In the PH community, stories and artwork serve an important role: they help heal those who share them and those who witness them.
Here are two ways to get the most out of your creative expression – whatever form you choose.
"Another Year" by Sandy C
The way we think about, recall and describe our experiences to ourselves and to others influences how we perceive ourselves and those experiences. By writing and creating art about the PH experience, we gain perspective and understanding.
Narrative therapy says that our identities and experiences are shaped by the accounts of our lives found in the stories we create. The therapeutic goal of this therapy is to help patients reframe those stories in more positive, empowering ways.
Try to address one of these prompts each day, in whatever way you can. Start a journal, write a script, draw a cartoon – there's no wrong way to express yourself creatively!
Or consider these…
"Yellow Light" by Mimi J
Letting others experience our writing, drawings, dances, paintings and plays is an important component of the expressive process. When patients and families share stories and information, the illness becomes destigmatized and treatment becomes easier to seek, and easier to handle. With this exchange of knowledge and open communication of emotions, patients fare better.
The better a patient understands his or her illness, the better he or she can live with and cope with the illness. Therapeutically, the sharing of creativity aims to help patients understand and manage their illness; to reinforce their strengths, resources and coping skills; and to expose patients and their families to similar stories from others, encouraging strength and fostering hope.
This article first appeared in the Fall 2008 Pathlight.
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The information provided on the PHA website is provided for general information only. It is not intended as legal, medical or other professional advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified professionals who are familiar with your individual needs. PHA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products or services.
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Princeton President Shirley M. Tilghman addresses attendees of the "Every Voice" conference on April 12. The three-day event was the first University conference for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and ally alumni. Many speakers credited Tilghman with Princeton's advancements supporting LGBT issues, students and alumni.
Photo by Denise Applewhite
Play the "Every Voice'" video.
Video still courtesy of Nick Barberio
Web Stories
'Every Voice' conference celebrates LGBT alumni
Posted April 16, 2013; 12:30 p.m.
Princeton University's first conference for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and ally alumni on April 11-13 gave a voice to hundreds of alumni, many who felt as if they did not have one as students on campus. The "Every Voice" conference brought together 550 undergraduate and graduate alumni, faculty, staff and students to celebrate how Princeton and the country have transformed during the past 50 years and to discuss the advances the LGBT community still seeks.
"In my life, in all of our lives, there are very few cultural changes that have happened as quickly as this one. I am so happy that it happened at Princeton," President Shirley M. Tilghman said during a conversation with alumni, referring to support for LGBT people and rights.
"We are not sweeping the past under the rug. We are analyzing our past. We are thinking about our past. And thinking about how to move past our past," she added.
Stanley Shimamoto, a member of the Class of 1997, listens to alumni remarks during a discussion at the "Every Voice" conference. (Photo by Denise Applewhite)
Throughout the conference, alumni spoke of an evolution on campus — from the 1950s through 1970s, when LGBT issues were largely unacknowledged or underground; to the 1980s and 1990s, when speakers said many students felt uncomfortable being openly gay or encountered prejudice if they were; through the 2000s and today, when LGBT students, staff and faculty are a visible and vibrant part of the Princeton community.
"For me, this event fills a void and closes the circle and makes Princeton whole for us," said Abby Rubenfeld of the Class of 1975. "It makes us feel like part of the family."
Byron Austin, a member of the Class of 2007, said he appreciated the opportunity to talk with LGBT alumni from previous classes.
"Hearing about some of the difficult experiences they had really makes me grateful for the trailblazers who helped establish a culture on campus that was open and accepting by the time I was a student here," he said.
Organized by the Alumni Association and planned by a steering committee co-chaired by Karen Magee, of the Class of 1983, and Robert Gleason, of the Class of 1987, "Every Voice" featured faculty lectures on topics such as Shakespeare, identities, and gender and sexuality studies; panels on marriage equality and the LGBT student experience; remarks by alumni such as David Huebner, the U.S. Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa and a 1982 alumnus, and U.S. Rep. Jared Polis of Colorado, a 1996 alumnus; and discussions on a range of other issues from public service to parenting.
Princeton staff members talk about LGBT issues in the workplace during the conference. From left to right are: Jeff Friedland, director of the Office of Research and Project Administration; Chris Sailer, head coach of varsity women's lacrosse; Amada Sandoval, director of the Women's Center; Debbie Bazarsky, director of the LGBT Center; Chad Klaus, vice president for University Services; and Lianne Sullivan-Crowley, vice president for human resources. (Photo by Denise Applewhite)
A 'champion of LGBT students'
Many speakers credited Tilghman with Princeton's advancements on LGBT issues, including supporting the opening of the LGBT Center in 2006.
Tilghman said she became a "champion of LGBT students" after her 2003 Commencement speech on courage. The speech noted, among many examples, the courage it takes to come out of the closet. Afterward, Tilghman said she was flooded with positive responses from alumni, students, faculty and staff.
"I realized the power of my voice and then I realized I had to use that voice. There was a community out there that needed my voice," she said.
During his opening remarks, Executive Vice President Mark Burstein recalled his conversation with Tilghman nine years ago before he decided to work at the University. Burstein told her it was important to him that Princeton was comfortable with the fact he was gay and had a spouse.
"So she pauses and then she said, 'I had no idea, but now I want you even more.' And it was at that moment I decided to take the job," Burstein said. "Her unscripted enthusiasm and support were so present."
Noting Tilghman's retirement as president at the end of this academic year, some attendees wondered about the future for the Princeton LGBT community.
"I think the change is embedded in the DNA of the institution," Tilghman said in response to alumni questions. "A commitment to this kind of progress does not depend on a single individual at all."
She said recent efforts were built on the work of her predecessors to foster a more diverse campus community, and the Board of Trustees is concluding an 18-month study to identify ways to further enhance diversity of all kinds on campus.
Professor of English and master of Rockefeller College Jeff Nunokawa (far right) moderates a panel on the student experience at Princeton today. (Photo by Denise Applewhite)
Being LGBT at Princeton today
The creation of the LGBT Center and the steadfast work of its director, Debbie Bazarsky, also were noted as significant milestones in LGBT history at Princeton.
"This conference is truly a dream realized for me," Bazarsky said during a staff panel about working at Princeton.
Bazarsky joined the University in 2001 as the first full-time, year-round administrator serving the needs of LGBT students.
"There were only a handful of LGBT students on campus. I could count them on my fingers," she said.
Now, Bazarsky noted, there are many LGBT students and allies on campus and various organizations supporting LGBT issues.
Senior Bruce Easop asks a question of panelists during the "Every Voice" conference. (Photo by Denise Applewhite)
During a panel on the Princeton student experience today, senior Richard Gadsden said he wrestled with coming out to his freshman roommates following a bad experience in high school. When he finally did, Gadsden said nothing changed among his friends, and he became more involved with LGBT activities on campus.
"I've been able to really discover myself and be comfortable with myself here so much more than I ever thought I could," he said.
Luca Nagy, who earned a Princeton undergraduate degree in 2007 and is currently a graduate student, said she has tried to change minds about LGBT issues among friends in her native Hungary.
"The great thing about Princeton … is a lot of people go out and become leaders. As we change Princeton, we do have this far reach outside of Princeton as well," she said.
The student testimonials were just one of the many examples of Princeton's progress. At another conference event, 1995 alumna Amy Escott said the campus climate seems more open since her last visit 15 years ago.
"This was the first event that made me want to come back to connect with other people and see how much has changed," she said. "Even something like the rainbow flags set up in front of Nassau Hall — I could have never imagined that when I was a student here."
Alumni, faculty, staff and students gathered in Icahn Laboratory for a closing reception on April 13. (Photo by Sameer Khan)
Lectures, discussions and more
In addition to reflecting on Princeton experiences, the conference featured a number of events that examined broader LGBT-related issues.
"What are social identities? You might think that was a strange question to ask, but until the 1950s it's fair to say that nobody had this notion," said Kwame Anthony Appiah, Princeton's Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy and the University Center for Human Values in his lecture on identity. "It's not about as people who you are, but how to talk about and how to think about these [identities]."
In the panel "Marriage Equality and Beyond," legal experts discussed the two same-sex marriage cases before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Anthony Romero, a member of the Class of 1987 and executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), relayed the ACLU's experience challenging the federal Defense of Marriage Act on behalf of Edie Windsor in Windsor v. United States.
"When we win this case, it's going to be phenomenal," Romero predicted, noting the various federal benefits that could be extended to gay spouses whose states recognize same-sex marriage.
Colored flags were set up in front of Nassau Hall during the "Every Voice" conference on campus April 11-13. More than 540 undergraduate and graduate alumni, faculty, staff and students attended. (Photo by Denise Applewhite)
During a question-and-answer session, Charlie Katzenbach, of the Class of 1971, spoke of being transgender and her longtime wife's illness. Katzenbach said she worries that legally becoming a woman would risk her rights to care for her wife since her state does not recognize same-sex marriage.
"How do we take these successes [for equal rights] of the lesbian and gay community and translate them to transgender community? That is where we still have a lot of work to do," Romero said.
In a talk co-sponsored by the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Dr. Michael Gottlieb shared his experience on the frontlines fighting AIDS, which he and colleagues identified in 1981 as a new disease. He said the development of treatments for HIV and AIDS during the past 30 years has been "spectacular" thanks to medical research and advocacy efforts to draw attention to the epidemic.
"A small community of committed activists can truly change the world," Gottlieb said. "I'm really surprised the LGBT community doesn't crow more, doesn't take more credit. It simply wouldn't have happened without people lying in the streets, chaining themselves to buildings."
(From left to right) Margaret Sonser Breen, a member of the Class of 1984 and professor of English, women's, gender, and sexuality studies at the University of Connecticut, moderates a conversation between writers Jodi Picoult, a 1987 alumna, and Jennifer Weiner, a 1991 alumna. (Photo by Denise Applewhite)
During a luncheon, Margaret Sonser Breen, a 1984 alumna, interviewed writers Jodi Picoult, a 1987 alumna, and Jennifer Weiner, a 1991 alumna. The authors discussed how popular fiction could challenge opinions on social issues.
"I have tried to pick up topics that will entertain a reader, but that ultimately will leave a reader thinking after that last page is turned," said Picoult, whose 2011 book "Sing You Home" explores what it means to be gay in today's world.
Weiner talked about writing the mother character, a lesbian, in her 2001 book "Good In Bed."
"The mom is not the central character of the book, but I wanted to make her fully human. Not a punch line, not a caricature, not a collection of stereotypes, but a person," she said.
During the conference, organizers also premiered a video that chronicles the experience of LGBT students at Princeton during the past five decades through interviews with alumni, faculty, staff and students.
Reflecting on the three-day event, Alumni Association President Henry Von Kohorn, of the Class of 1966, said he hoped it was an opportunity for some alumni to reconnect with each other and with Princeton.
"What we wanted from this was for people to feel when they came back that they were wanted and they were valued," he said. "The theme of the conference is every voice and what we are hoping for is that people realize that we are all Princetonians, we are all the same, we are all part of the family."
Highlights from the "Every Voice" conference are available on the Alumni Association website.
Robertson Hall was illuminated by rainbow lights in honor of the "Every Voice" conference April 11-13. (Photo by Sameer Khan)


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Pousada Aquavilla Prado (BandB) is not only a place to stay abroad but, mostly, an island of peace and joy .Here you will find your soul, in a true paradise for ecotourism and, after your vacations, you will return home renovated and full of energy.
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Universal Fit
" For larger views of any of the photos (1200 x 800) - please click on the individual images INTRODUCTION My introduction to DUNU Topsound (18 months ago) was with their triple hybrid DN-1000, which rapidly became a hit with Head-Fi buyers, and was one of the first triple hybrid IEMs to show that top quality could be achieved at an affordable price. Since then DUNU has been a consistent..." --Brooko
DUNU DN-2000 Hybrid 3 way earphone
" Introduction Hello head-fiers! Now, you're going to read a review of a spectacular earphone named Dunu DN-2000! It's a hybridized earphone consisting of two Balanced Armature (BA) drivers and a 10 mm dynamic driver; although the driver configuration isn't specifically described in their main website, I assume it has one TWFK (or two-in-one BA) driver that covers the treble and mid-range and..." --Gandasaputra
Dunu TITAN 3
"t Dunu's teaser for the forthcoming Titan 3. *****UPDATED MID-NOVEMBER WITH PICS & THOUGHTS ON THE NEW EAR STABILIZERS***** INTRODUCTION I'm going to let you in on a secret: I never tried the original Dunu TITAN 1. Why? The many excellent reviews were balanced out by reports of weak bass and aggressive highs. These discrepancies made me leery of trying them. But when I..." --nmatheis
Dunu DN-19 Tai Chi
"Introduction: Dunu by Top-Sound has been known to have popular budget IEM's throughout all tiers of the level. Dunu now steps it up a notch and has unveiled their Dynamic Flagship IEM the DN 19 Tai Chi. This IEM uses damper's to control the bass, different type tips, and insertion of tips to modify its sound. The DN 19 is part of DUNU's silver impact series. The silver impact series uses..." --bowei006
DUNU DN-23 Landmine. Headphones earphones
"Introduction: Dunu by Top-Sound is famous for offering well made and accessorized earphones to IEM's to the market. They are popular on Head-Fi and around the world. With earphone offerings from a wide range of features and prices, many can usually find one that fits their needs. Today we have the new Dunu DN 23 Landmine to review. It is one of the upper echelon's of Dunu products to come out..." --bowei006
DUNU DN-12 Trident
" I would like to thank Rocky of DUNU for the chance to review the DUNU Trident IEMs. Pros: Build quality, quality to price ratio, packaging Cons: Microphonics when worn down Packaging The DUNU Trident came packaged in a familiar looking box, those who have either the Crius, Ares, or..." --keanex
DUNU DN-22M Detonator. Headphones earphones
" Introduction: Dunu by Top-Sound is famous for good price to performance earbuds as well as the amount of accessories they include with their very well built units. Dunu introduces the Detonator as an earbud for phone users so that people can catch calls and talk. This earbud features a microphone with push function terminated by a V angled jack. Now let's see what Dunu has to offer this..." --bowei006
DUNU DN-11 Ares
" I am writing this in the perspective of the general consumer who does not use an amplifier and with mediocre sources such as the computer. Also, this review will try to cover as many genres as possible to show how the IEM covers each genre. Packaging The packaging is very professionally done. I think it really shows the class of the product. It gives the Ares..." --kaixax555
DUNU DN-16 hephaes
" n/a. no review, only rating. Pictures: http://bit.ly/HvPDZs " --BoredAndrew
DUNU DN-13 Crius
" First off, I'd like to thank the folks at DUNU-TopSound for providing me with samples to review Up for review today are a pair of balanced armature based IEMs. Priced solidly within the bracket I would consider "mid-range", these have a great deal of competition right out of the gate and one has to wonder whether or not DUNU's newcomers can stand up to that competition...." --TheGame21x


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Psoriasis is a common skin condition that changes the life cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis causes cells to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin. The extra skin cells form thick, silvery scales and itchy, dry, red patches that are sometimes painful.
Psoriasis is a persistent, long-lasting (chronic) disease. There may be times when your psoriasis symptoms get better alternating with times your psoriasis worsens.
The primary goal of treatment is to stop the skin cells from growing so quickly. While there isn't a cure, psoriasis treatments may offer significant relief. Lifestyle measures, such as using a nonprescription cortisone cream and exposing your skin to small amounts of natural sunlight, also may improve your psoriasis symptoms.
Psoriasis signs and symptoms can vary from person to person but may include one or more of the following:
Psoriasis patches can range from a few spots of dandruff-like scaling to major eruptions that cover large areas.
Most types of psoriasis go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a time or even going into complete remission.
Several types of psoriasis exist. These include:
If you suspect that you may have psoriasis, see your doctor for an examination. Also, talk to your doctor if your psoriasis:
Seek medical advice if your signs and symptoms worsen or don't improve with treatment. You may need a different medication or a combination of treatments to manage the psoriasis.
The cause of psoriasis isn't fully known, but it's thought to be related to an immune system problem with cells in your body. More specifically, one key cell is a type of white blood cell called a T lymphocyte or T cell. Normally, T cells travel throughout the body to detect and fight off foreign substances, such as viruses or bacteria. If you have psoriasis, however, the T cells attack healthy skin cells by mistake, as if to heal a wound or to fight an infection.
Overactive T cells trigger other immune responses. The effects include dilation of blood vessels in the skin around the plaques and an increase in other white blood cells that can enter the outer layer of skin. These changes result in an increased production of both healthy skin cells and more T cells and other white blood cells. This causes an ongoing cycle in which new skin cells move to the outermost layer of skin too quickly — in days rather than weeks. Dead skin and white blood cells can't slough off quickly enough and build up in thick, scaly patches on the skin's surface. This usually doesn't stop unless treatment interrupts the cycle.
Just what causes T cells to malfunction in people with psoriasis isn't entirely clear. Researchers have found genes that are linked to the development of psoriasis, but environmental factors also play a role.
Psoriasis typically starts or worsens because of a trigger that you may be able to identify and avoid. Factors that may trigger psoriasis include:
Anyone can develop psoriasis, but these factors can increase your risk of developing the disease:
If you have psoriasis, you're at greater risk of developing certain diseases. These include:
Psoriasis can also affect your quality of life by increasing your risk of:
You'll likely first see your family doctor or a general practitioner. In some cases, you may be referred directly to a specialist in skin diseases (dermatologist).
Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment and to know what to expect from your doctor.
For psoriasis, some basic questions you might ask your doctor include:
Don't hesitate to ask any other questions you have.
Your doctor is likely to ask you several questions, such as:
In most cases, diagnosis of psoriasis is fairly straightforward.
Other conditions that may look like psoriasis or may occur at the same time as psoriasis include:
Psoriasis treatments aim to:
Psoriasis treatments can be divided into three main types: topical treatments, light therapy and systemic medications.
Used alone, creams and ointments that you apply to your skin can effectively treat mild to moderate psoriasis. When the disease is more severe, creams are likely to be combined with oral medications or light therapy. Topical psoriasis treatments include:
Topical corticosteroids. These powerful anti-inflammatory drugs are the most frequently prescribed medications for treating mild to moderate psoriasis. They slow cell turnover by suppressing the immune system, which reduces inflammation and relieves associated itching. Topical corticosteroids range in strength, from mild to very strong.
Low-potency corticosteroid ointments are usually recommended for sensitive areas, such as your face or skin folds, and for treating widespread patches of damaged skin. Your doctor may prescribe stronger corticosteroid ointment for small areas of your skin, for persistent plaques on your hands or feet, or when other treatments have failed. Medicated foams and scalp solutions are available to treat psoriasis patches on the scalp.
Long-term use or overuse of strong corticosteroids can cause thinning of the skin and resistance to the treatment's benefits. To minimize side effects and to increase effectiveness, topical corticosteroids are generally used on active outbreaks until they're under control.
Calcineurin inhibitors. Currently, calcineurin inhibitors — tacrolimus (Prograf) and pimecrolimus (Elidel) — are approved only for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but studies have shown them to be effective at times in the treatment of psoriasis. Calcineurin inhibitors are thought to disrupt the activation of T cells, which, in turn, reduces inflammation and plaque buildup.
Calcineurin inhibitors are not recommended for long-term or continuous use because of a potential increased risk of skin cancer and lymphoma. They may be especially helpful in areas of thin skin, such as around the eyes, where steroid creams or retinoids are too irritating or may cause harmful effects.
Coal tar. A thick, black byproduct of the manufacture of petroleum products and coal, coal tar is probably the oldest treatment for psoriasis. It reduces scaling, itching and inflammation. Exactly how it works isn't known. Coal tar has few known side effects, but it's messy, stains clothing and bedding, and has a strong odor.
Coal tar is available in over-the-counter shampoos, creams and oils. It's also available in higher concentrations by prescription. This treatment isn't recommended for women who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
As the name suggests, this psoriasis treatment uses natural or artificial ultraviolet light. The simplest and easiest form of phototherapy involves exposing your skin to controlled amounts of natural sunlight. Other forms of light therapy include the use of artificial ultraviolet A (UVA) or ultraviolet B (UVB) light either alone or in combination with medications.
If you have severe psoriasis or it's resistant to other types of treatment, your doctor may prescribe oral or injected drugs. Because of severe side effects, some of these medications are used for only brief periods and may be alternated with other forms of treatment.
Although doctors choose treatments based on the type and severity of psoriasis and the areas of skin affected, the traditional approach is to start with the mildest treatments — topical creams and ultraviolet light therapy (phototherapy) — and then progress to stronger ones only if necessary. The goal is to find the most effective way to slow cell turnover with the fewest possible side effects.
In spite of a range of options, effective treatment of psoriasis can be challenging. The disease is unpredictable, going through cycles of improvement and worsening, seemingly at random. Effects of psoriasis treatments also can be unpredictable; what works well for one person might be ineffective for someone else. Your skin also can become resistant to various treatments over time, and the most potent psoriasis treatments can have serious side effects.
Talk to your doctor about your options, especially if you're not improving after using a particular treatment or if you're having uncomfortable side effects. He or she can adjust your treatment plan or modify your approach to ensure the best possible control of your symptoms.
Although self-help measures won't cure psoriasis, they may help improve the appearance and feel of damaged skin. These measures may benefit you:
A number of alternative therapies claim to ease the symptoms of psoriasis, including special diets, creams, dietary supplements and herbs. None have definitively been proved effective. But some alternative therapies are deemed generally safe, and they may be helpful to some people in reducing signs and symptoms, such as itching and scaling.
If you're considering dietary supplements or other alternative therapy to ease the symptoms of psoriasis, consult your doctor. He or she can help you weigh the pros and cons of specific alternative therapies.
Coping with psoriasis can be a challenge, especially if the disease covers large areas of your body or is in places readily seen by other people, such as your face or hands. The ongoing, persistent nature of the disease and the treatment challenges only add to the burden.
Here are some ways to help you cope and to feel more in control:
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/basics/definition/con-20030838
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Selfless Service has been a main stay of the Scouting movement. It is the desire to serve others. It is the motivation to "So unto others…" It is essentially the Scouting way.
The value of Selfless service is important more than ever in our society. Today the world revolves around "Me". Everything for "Me". Self gratification, the need to be served, the entitlement that most people feel they deserve. Last week as I helped teach at the High School I saw this in many of the students. "What is the world going to do for me when I walk out of High School?" Instead of looking forward and seeing the opportunities to serve.
Service need not be in the military, it does not have to come in the form of social work or police and fire. Service comes from within each and every one of us to do good.
Volunteerism is a big thing right now in our country. Most major corporations have some sort of "Volunteer" opportunities to get out into the community and do good. UPS, the company I work for has a program called 'Neighbor to Neighbor'. It is a program that goes out and does work on people's houses, yards, and cleans up neighborhoods that are in dire need of a good scrubbing. UPS also asks that employees that do volunteer work on their own log those volunteer hours with the company. It probably gets the company an award or something at the end of the year, but the point is that the push is there to get out and do good. We see it on TV all the time, campaigns that call us to "Give an hour" or "Live United".
In Scouting we just make a promise to "Help other people at all times" That's all.
Yesterday as we placed all those flags I could not help but think of the great opportunity and habit that we are forming in our Scouts. Habits of service. To be selfless in the act of serving. The meaning rings true when placing a flag on the grave of a soldier. Not to get to overly dramatic, but that is the ultimate call to selflessly serve. The knowledge that one day you could pay in full for some one else.
At the top of the hill at Willamette National Cemetery is 4 head stones, much like the rest, but these are inlaid in gold and have a special marker above the name. These are the 4 individuals that understood selfless service above and beyond that of the average soldier. They may have just been in the wrong or right place at the wrong or right time, but either way, these for men were awarded the Medal of Honor. The act which earned them the highest award in our Nation comes down to this. They were in a situation that when faced with a choice, they chose to serve their buddy. It always comes down to this. Citation after citation for the Medal of Honor, it always reads the same. They stood out above and at the end of the day it was to help one of their own get out of a sticky situation, rescue their comrade, hold of the enemy till help could arrive, move fallen soldiers in the midst of hostile action. SELFLESS SERVICE.
Now I am sure that not one of the recipients of the Medal of Honor would tell you he wants it or tried to earn it. They will all tell you that they were just doing their job… they were just serving their buddy or doing their duty. And I am not suggesting that we strive to earn the Medal of Honor.
Building in our young people a love for service is what I am suggesting. The need to be of service is a great one and we need to instill in our young people a willingness to go above and beyond what the TV asks and corporations suggest as levels of service. To truly serve our neighbor, our community, our country.
Selfless Service is a must in our world today.
Have a Great Scouting Day!
Selfless Service
Selfless Service has been a main stay of the Scouting movement. It is the desire to serve others. It is the motivation to "So unto others…" It is essentially the Scouting way.