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- ANDREA S. GOLDMAN: Ph.D, University of California, Berkeley, 2005.
Cultural and social history of early modern and modern China; Urban history; Performance; The Politics of Aesthetics; Gender Studies
310-825-3368; firstname.lastname@example.com
- RICHARD VON GLAHN: Ph.D., Yale University, 1983.
Social, economic, and cultural history of China, 10th-18th centuries; Popular religion, Urban history, Popular social movements; Comparative economic history; Global economic integration, 1000-1800; World history
310-825-3087; firstname.lastname@example.com
- R. BIN WONG: Ph.D., Harvard University, 1983.
Chinese patterns of political, economic and social change since the eighteenth century; Political Economy; Asian Studies
310-267-5462; firstname.lastname@example.com
The faculty (Professors Goldman, von Glahn, and Wong) together cover both pre-modern and modern Chinese history from the Song dynasty (10th-13th centuries) to the twentieth century. In addition, students may specialize in thematic subjects: socio-economic history (von Glahn and Wong); socio-cultural and urban history (Goldman), religious culture and society (von Glahn), political economy (Wong), gender history (Goldman). The faculty favors inter-disciplinary approaches to Chinese history, and all cross dynastic and disciplinary boundaries in their research and teaching. Professors Wong and von Glahn also teach in the History Department's program in World History and emphasize the importance of studying China from comparative and world-historical perspectives.
The study of Chinese history at UCLA is enhanced by the existence of strong programs in Japanese History, European History, Gender History, Economic History, and World History within the History Department, as well as excellent programs in classical and modern Chinese literature, East Asian Buddhism, and Korean history and culture in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures. UCLA also has strong programs in a wide range of social science and humanities disciplines, including faculty specializing in China in Anthropology (Yunxiang Yan and Nancy Levine), Geography (Cindy Fan), Sociology (C.K. Lee), Political Science (James Tong), Art History and Archaeology (Hui-shu Lee and Lothar von Falkenhausen), Ethnomusicology (Helen Rees), Theater (Sean Metzger), Urban Planning (Rui Wang), and Law (Alex Wang).
In addition to Centers for Korean and Japanese Studies, UCLA has also a Center for Chinese Studies which enhances collaboration among scholars of Chinese Studies by sponsoring visiting professors, workshops, conferences, and research projects in all areas of Chinese history, society, and culture. It also provides graduate students with fellowships and research assistantships on a competitive basis.
The Department encourages applications from highly qualified candidates in Chinese history. Successful applicants are expected to have excellent undergraduate training as evidenced by GPA, GRE scores, letters of recommendation and, when appropriate, samples of historical research. In addition, applicants who are non-native speakers of Chinese should have a firm start (at least three and preferably four years) in the Chinese language.
Requirements for the Doctorate in Chinese History
For the M.A. degree, a minimum of three years of Chinese; for the Ph.D., a high degree of proficiency in Chinese, and, normally, at least one quarter of third-year Japanese. In certain cases, reading knowledge of another foreign language may also be required.Students in the Chinese history field must have a minimum of three years of Chinese. Ordinarily, the Chinese language requirement is fulfilled by successful completion of a History 282A-B research seminar.Admission to candidacy for the Ph.D. in the Chinese field requires the completion of a research seminar in the major field. You are advised that successful completion of this seminar requires the equivalent of at least four years of superior college-level language work in Chinese. A minimum of three years of Chinese; for the Ph.D., a high degree of proficiency in Chinese, and, normally, at least one quarter of third-year Japanese. The Japanese requirement can be fulfilled by successful completion of Japanese 100A or its equivalent. In certain cases, reading knowledge of another foreign language may also be required. Admission to candidacy for the Ph.D. in the Chinese field requires the completion of a research seminar in the major field. Successful completion of this seminar requires the equivalent of at least four years of superior college-level language work in Chinese. In cases where the field deems it appropriate, coursework or alternate languages may be used to fulfill the language requirements, subject to the approval of the field coordinator and faculty adviser.
Students are expected to complete their degrees within seven years. This means completing the M.A. by the end of the second year, taking Ph.D. qualifying examinations by the end of their fourth year, and spending no more than three years researching and writing their dissertations.
The M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Chinese history are based on two tiers of graduate seminars:
1) Reading seminars (History 201L) that cover important secondary studies in English and raise significant historiographic issues in Chinese history. Recent seminars have stressed late imperial socio-economic history, urban culture in the late imperial and modern eras, religious culture in imperial China, the formative era of East Asia, and gender in late imperial and modern Chinese history.
2) Writing seminars (History 282A-B) in which students prepare a significant, publishable research paper based on primary sources in Chinese and other languages and informed by secondary readings. It is hoped that a student's writing seminar paper will eventually become a part of his/her dissertation project. Participation in more than one writing seminar series under more than one instructor is encouraged.
For completion of the M.A. degree, the History Department requires a minimum of nine upper division and graduate courses in history, at least six of which must be graduate courses (200 series). Only one 500 series course (either 596 or 597) may be applied toward both the total course requirement and the minimum six graduate courses requirement. Courses in the 300 (teaching practicum) series are not applicable toward course requirements.
In order to qualify for Ph.D. candidacy, a student must complete two research seminars (History 282A-B), which can include courses applied toward fulfillment of the M.A. degree requirements. Faculty serving on doctoral committees may require such courses as they deem necessary for preparation for qualifying examinations.
All students must write a dissertation prospectus (which could be written for credit as History 596 or 597) expected to contain: (a) a full statement of the dissertation topic; (b) a historiographical discussion of the literature bearing on the topic; (c) a statement of the methodology to be employed; and (d) a survey of the sources sufficient to demonstrate the viability of the topic. The prospectus must be approved by the dissertation adviser prior to the oral part of the qualifying examinations. After approval, copies will be given to each member of the examining committee.
For the Ph.D., it is expected that extensive field research will be carried out in China, Taiwan, and/or Japan in addition to making use of resources available at the UCLA East Asian Library and other US collections (Hoover Library at Stanford, UC Berkeley East Asian Library, etc.).
Doctoral Written and Oral Examinations
Before admission to candidacy, you must pass written and oral examinations. Students with outstanding incompletes may not be permitted to sit for these exams.
- Written Examinations
In the written qualifying examinations, you are to be examined in three fields, one of which may be an approved field in anthropology, economics, geography, language and literature, philosophy, political science, sociology, or other allied subjects. You are expected to show not only a mastery of your special subject, but also an adequate grasp of the wider field of knowledge and an ability to correlate historical data and to explain their significance. These examinations are designed to test not merely factual knowledge, but also your power of historical analysis and synthesis, critical ability, and capacity for reflective thinking. A knowledge of the history of any area includes a reasonable knowledge of its historiography and bibliography; of its geography; and of its political, cultural, economic, and other historical aspects. The allied field must be comparable in size and scope to the history fields listed above. You should select the fields in consultation with your faculty adviser and must receive the Department's approval of all three fields not less than three months before the written qualifying examination is taken. The written qualifying examination is not to exceed four (4) hours and must be turned in to the Graduate Adviser's Office no later than 5:00 pm of the day of the examination.
- Oral Examination
The oral examination is based on the dissertation prospectus, and is scheduled once the three written examinations have been successfully completed. A full-time graduate student must begin the written qualifying examinations not later than the end of the ninth quarter of graduate work (see outline of time-to-degree under Coursework above).The written qualifying examination must be passed before the oral qualifying examination can be taken. The members of the doctoral committee determine whether or not an examination may be repeated (normally only once), based on their prognosis of your potential for successfully completing both the written and oral examinations within a specified period of time to be designated by the doctoral committee, but not to exceed one calendar year. You will find more information on how to form your doctoral committee on the Graduate Intranet.


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Our first day at Fall Market was packed full of walking, talking, inspiration and beauty. Each booth was extremely creative and we are so full of ideas for each fabric collection. Here is a look at the well crafted booths, the talented designers and the Fat Quarter Shop staff at Fall Quilt Market. To top it off, we will be giving away a bundle from our Sample Spree loot! And if nightly recaps aren't enough, be sure to follow us on Twitter for live Market coverage and check out our Fall Market Flickr set for tons of photos!
Patty Young of Michael Miller discusses Textured Basics with Chelsey!
As if the events of the day weren't exciting enough, we capped the night off with some fantastic parties.
To give one lucky reader a taste of what's new at Fall Quilt Market, we are giving away another bundle from Sample Spree! One of you will win a bundle of Zen Chic's new collection, Comma.
To win, comment below guessing two people we will be interviewing at Fall Market. Contest closes 10/30/12. Good luck!

subset: commoncrawl


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Popularly used in making soaps since the 1800s, glycerin is a colorless, thick liquid that has a high boiling point and which freezes to a gummy paste. It is odorless but has a sweet taste. Sometimes called glycerol or glycerine, this substance is a simple polyol compound. Glycerin is considered a good solvent as many substances dissolve more easily into glycerin than into water or alcohol.
Glycerin is a natural by-product of the soap-making process. Traditionally, most commercial glycerin came from the candle-making industry. In 1889, a way to separate glycerin from soap was discovered and has since been widely used. This is still the most common source of glycerin today. Glycerin is sometimes used to make nitroglycerin, a necessary ingredient in the formation of dynamite. To separate glycerin from the soap during the soap-making process, manufacturers add salt to the mixture. This causes the soap to curdle and float to the top. Once the soap is skimmed from the surface, glycerin is left.
Many skincare manufacturers use glycerin in lotions and creams to enhance their moisturizing and skin-softening strength. Glycerin also continues to be a popular ingredient in many soap products. Because it is a natural humectant, glycerin attracts moisture to the skin. This helps skin to maintain a healthy balance of moisture, preventing dryness and loss of hydration to the atmosphere. This natural hydration improves the health, smoothness, and appearance of skin. Glycerin is also an excellent substance for improving skin's moisture levels because it absorbs water from the air. This increases the level of natural moisture that your skin receives. Skin needs to absorb and retain water to achieve maximum health, making glycerin an excellent ingredient to look when the skin is dry and dehyrated.
Because of its moisturizing properties and the fact that other substances can easily be dissolved into it, glycerin is a common base for lotions, moisturizers, and other skin care products. Glycerin has an antiseptic property that helps to cleanse and purify skin while it hydrates. Glycerin soap is ideal for people with sensitive or easily-irritated skin. It moisturizes skin and prevents dryness. Pure or nearly pure glycerin can be used to treat burns, cuts, rashes, bites, calluses, psoriasis, and other skin irritations.
The "melt and pour" formulas used by hobbyists to make homemade soaps have a high concentration of glycerin. This makes them easy to melt and remold, but also means that soaps may disintegrate more quickly than store-bought brands when they encounter water. Despite this, homemade glycerin soaps pack the same moisturizing benefits as professional-grade soaps and are gentle enough for use by children.
Glycerin soaps are easily distinguished from other types due to their translucent appearance. The clear appearance is due to the alignment of the soap molecules in this type of soap. Glycerin can be included as a moisturizing ingredient in soaps that are not glycerin-based, but pure glycerin soap will always have a translucent appearance.
Glycerin is used for a number of other purposes. It can be used to preserve fruit or scientific specimens, due to its stability and its antiseptic nature. It is common in food and beverages, serving as a solvent, sweetener, and preserving agent. Glycerin is also a popular filler in prepared low-fat foods and is used in liqueurs as a thickening agent.
Glycerin is used to prevent freezing in hydraulic jacks and to lubricate molds in various circumstances. It was originally used as anti-freeze, but has since been replaced with a stronger chemical compound. Glycerin can be found in some printing inks and in cake- and candy-making. Glycerin is widely used in pharmaceutical compounds and personal care products. In these instances, glycerin acts as a lubricant and humectant, improving the smoothness of the product. It is common in cough syrups, expectorants, mouthwashes, toothpastes, skin care products, shaving cream, hair products, soaps, water-based personal lubricants, and more.
Some theater companies use glycerin on actors' faces to achieve the illusion of tears. It is a very dynamic ingredient used in a wide variety of ways. In skin care, glycerin offers countless health benefits and powerful nourishment for skin. With regular use of glycerin soap, moisturizer, lotion, or other products, skin will become softer and healthier. It will also improve skin's ability to maintain a healthy balance of moisture.


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Web Stories
Viewing party set for presidential debate
Posted October 12, 2012; 05:12 p.m.
Professors Anne-Marie Slaughter and John Londregan of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs will provide brief commentary prior to a big-screen viewing of the second presidential debate between President Barack Obama and Mitt Romney at 8 p.m. Tuesday, Oct. 16, in Robertson Auditorium, Alexander Hall. Free tickets, which are required for admission, are available at the First ticket office between noon and 6 p.m. Monday and Tuesday. Tickets will also be available at Richardson Auditorium beginning at 7:30 p.m. Tuesday.


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I have spent my entire professional life rehabilitating the behavior of the domestic dog and I can answer any question regarding any behavior problem in any breed dog. I have answered more than 5,000 QUESTIONS on this site in the past (almost) eight years. If you are a caring, committed owner and need advice, I'm here for you. I am personally acquainted with my colleagues (Turid Rugaas, Ian Dunbar, etc.) who were members of an elite group in EGroups that I founded: K9Shrinks. THERE ARE NO QUICK FIXES for serious behavioral issues; not only is it unprofessional to offer same, it is also unethical. IF I ASK YOU SUBSEQUENT QUESTIONS, I NEED YOU TO INTERACT WITH ME. More information equals more credible answers and a more successful outcome. If you want ANSWERS THAT WORK, participate in any way I request. I'm quite committed to working on this site for YOUR benefit and the benefit of YOUR DOG. Help me in any way you can.
30 years of solving serious behavior problems in domestic dogs; expert in dog to human aggression; Internet columnist for ThePetChannel.com for 5 years; former radio talk show host, WHPC.FM, Garden City, NY "Bite Back" (1995 through 2000). List owner, international animal behavior experts, firstname.lastname@example.com. Seminar leader: "Operant Conditioning and Learning"; "Aggression in The Domestic Dog"; "Solving Problem Behaviors" -- conducted for various training facilities on Long Island from 1993 through 2000. Former clinical director of "Behavioral Abnormalities" in conjunction with Mark Beckerman, DVM, Hempstead, New York.
Member, APDT (UK); Psychologists in Ethical Treatment with Animals
Harcourt Brace Learning Direct: "The Business of Dog Training" "The Fail Safe Dog: Brain Training, not Pain Training"
Ph.D., UC Berkeley
Past/Present Clients
Board of Directors: Northeast Dog Rescue Connection; The Dog Project; Sav-A-Dog Foundation; etc. Pro Bono counselor: Little Shelter Humane Society My practice is presently limited to forensics. I diagnose cause of dog bite, based upon testimony before the Court, for attorneys and insurance companies litigating dog bites, including fatal injuries. I also do pro bono work for bona fide rescue organizations, humane societies, et al, regarding such analysis in an effort to obtain release for dogs being held for death in municipal shelters in the US.
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Gear-Up Pool Paisley Tote Lunch Bag
No longer available
- Overview
Treat yourself to lunch in standout style that's built to last. Our insulated, reusable tote is reinforced with extra-strong stitching and finished with a sturdy zipper. A variety of punchy new prints adds plenty of personality.
- 10" wide x 4" deep x 11 high
- Shell is made of rugged, water-resistant 600-denier polyester.
- Interior lining is made of PEVA, a food-safe, environmentally friendly vinyl that's made without chlorine, plasticizers or phthalates.
- Includes a heavy-duty nylon zipper.
- Personalization is available for an additional $8.50.
- Click here to Preview Font Colors.
- Dimensions + Care
- 10" wide x 4" deep x 10" high
- Wipe with a soft, damp cloth.
- Shipping Info
This item will arrive in 3-5 business days. Please proceed to the Payment & Review page of Checkout for a precise delivery estimate.


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Download 2016 Program Brochure (PDF)
Download Form for Fax or Mail (PDF)
Held at a hotel or restaurant, this format will include a lecture, case-based discussion, and question-and-answer session. The hotel/restaurant requested and the meal selection should be consistent with ACCME and PhRMA Guidelines.
This format features a lecture and question-and-answer session held in your office. Case-based discussions can be included, time permitting. Other local group practices may be invited to attend the program.
This format facilitates a guest speaker from the On-Demand faculty, delivering the selected lecture as an in-hospital program. A hospital contact who has agreed to work with us on logistics must be identified on the application.
Organized as part of the PHA Online University program, this web-based format will include a lecture and question-and-answer session. Internet access must be available in order to select this option.
All live programs have been developed as 1- to 1.5-hour lectures, including case-based discussion and questions and answers. Online programs will be 1 hour long.
All programs, with the exception of the Webinar option, can include an appropriate and modest meal function. To comply with the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, when a meal is provided, physicians will be asked for their National Provider Identification (NPI) and state license number at registration.
Bayer HealthCareUnited Therapeutics Corporation
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The information provided on the PHA website is provided for general information only. It is not intended as legal, medical or other professional advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified professionals who are familiar with your individual needs. PHA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products or services.
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The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) awarded PHA the Abbey S. Meyers Leadership Award in 2012 for outstanding service to PHA members in advocacy, education and other key areas.


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Our compatible Panasonic UG5520 Toner Cartridge will meet or exceed OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) specifications and high standards of quality and reliability for your Panasonic UF-890. Designed to be 100% compatible and interchangeable with OEM cartridges.
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Since I am a self-proclaimed gear junky I thought that I would start a new weekly post to the blog introducing some of my favorite gear and some of the cool gear that is out there.
This is not an ad for the gear, simply gear that I use that I love, hate, or must have in my pack.. or gear that I want to put in my pack or stuff that I think would be nice to have.
This week we kick off the gear pick of the week with the Sea to Summit X-mug.
This is a great little mug that is collapsible and light weight. The jury was out on this little piece of gear, but after a few trips with it and taking it to Philmont, I am sold.
The X-mug holds about 2 cups of liquid, hot or cold. I was a bit worried about how it would handle the super hot water, but after many cups of coffee in it, it is holding up just fine. The mug is compact and stores anywhere. I keep it in my cook/eating kit, and it did spend some time in my pocket at Philmont to and from Advisor porch time.
The Sea to Summit X-mug is made of food grade silicone and cleans up real well. The reinforced rim at the top keeps the mugs shape and gives a nice place to hold on to the cup without burning your fingers.
I used to carry an REI insulated mug, but find that the Sea to Summit X-mug serves all the same functions, from drinking to using it as a measuring cup. Inside of the X-mug are gradient markings for measuring. This mug is not insulated, but my coffee never seemed to get cold.
I highly recommend the Sea to Summit X-mug. It is a piece of gear that I carry and at least until the next piece of cool drink ware comes along.. it will remain a must have in my pack.
Here I am at Philmont having a nice cup 'o joe with
With the Sea to Summit X-mug.
OK.. here are the stats on the mug.
The cup hold 16 Fl oz or 0.47 liters.
It is not insulated and will not fit in a standard cup holder.
Made of Food grade silicone with reinforced nylon rim.
The dimensions are; 4.25 x 2.75 (collapses to 0.5) inches.
And it weighs 2.4 ounces.
Dishwasher and microwave safe.
Retails for $11.95 just about everywhere.
So that is the Sea to Summit X-Mug. Let me know if you have it and what you think.. Also, what cup or mug do you use out on the trail (or trailer for you heavy campers).
Have a Great Scouting Day!


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Welcome back to our Friday Feature! Please welcome Cheryl Cohorn as our FQS staffer of the week!
Starburst Quilt Pattern by The Pattern Basket
The lucky winner is....
Coffee Break Whatever
Ladybug Garden by Doodlebug Design. I have a grand daughter/quilter on my hands! I am so proud of her. She loves ladybugs and I'd love to have this for her the next time she stays with me for her to make!
The directions for Pattern Play can be found here.
You have until Tuesday, February 12th to submit your comment and the winner will be announced Friday, February 15th, so be sure to come back to see if YOU are the winner!


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The SLC Research Committee guides the development and growth of PHA's Research Program. This research program has supported 70 researchers and committed over $15 million for pulmonary hypertension research through partnerships with the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the American Heart Association (AHA).
Read the SLC Research Committee's Mission Statement
Todd Bull, MD, ChairAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Aurora, Colo.
For optimal viewing of PHAssociation.org, please use a standards-compliant browser such as Google Chrome or Firefox.
The information provided on the PHA website is provided for general information only. It is not intended as legal, medical or other professional advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified professionals who are familiar with your individual needs. PHA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products or services.
801 Roeder Road, Ste. 1000, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Patient-to-Patient Support Line: email@example.com Privacy Policy Terms of Use Provide Feedback & Report Bugs
Designed by Matrix Group International, Inc.® | © 2017 Pulmonary Hypertension Association. All Rights Reserved.
The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) awarded PHA the Abbey S. Meyers Leadership Award in 2012 for outstanding service to PHA members in advocacy, education and other key areas.


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Made with Corning Gorilla Glass 3, the Moto G's display is the one of the sharpest HD displays in its class. Multitasking is quick and easy with a quad-core processor, you can use the camera with one hand, and you can store your photos on the optional microSD card.
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Web Stories
Outdoor Action Sustainability Initiative
Posted September 17, 2008; 04:35 p.m.
Students at an Outdoor Action rock climb discuss learning about sustainability in the wilderness as members of the first "eco-trip."
Read story.
Video Closed Captions
Emily Sung:
Try and make your way more to the left, okay? Yes. Nice, nice.
Robert McGibbon:
I'm Robert McGibbon. I'm a sophomore and I'm climbing support for
Outdoor Action at the Delaware Water Gap.
Robert McGibbon:
As each of the four climbing frosh trips move through I'm here
to help out, belay, set up. So very soon the groups should be arriving,
Robert McGibbon:
at which point one of the leaders and I will go walk up to the top of the cliff
and set up the ropes. The freshmen and maybe the leaders and I will
Robert McGibbon:
climb a little bit, until we're hungry. Then at whatever point we
feel like, we'll have some lunch.
Emily Sung:
Well, this whole sustainability thing is pretty new for OA. This is the first
year we've done it.
Emily Sung:
The point of OA is still, even on this trip and the other sustainability trip, is
still to get the frosh out in the woods,
Emily Sung:
have a good time, meet some people before they get to Princeton, and just
have a good experience.
Emily Sung:
The whole sustainability thing is sort of secondary to that, and it's woven
into the everyday activities that we do and the meals that we eat.
Emily Sung:
For instance some of the meals this year are a little different from last year.
Such as: we mixed in some salmon, wild-caught salmon, with tuna.
Emily Sung:
Some of the packs are made out of recycled soda bottles, some of the
sleeping bags are made out of post-consumer waste. Things like that.
Emily Sung:
We're not trying to wrap these kids into joining "Greening Princeton" or other
environmental groups on campus.
Emily Sung:
We really just want them to think a little bit more about their relationship
with the environment.
Emily Sung:
Let's say we're sitting down and we're eating a meal that was grown locally or produced locally.
Emily Sung:
Then we might sit down and have a little conversation about it.
Clay Puryear:
We've made baby steps this year through our research and our summer
internships, and with continued vigilance and attention to changing the
Clay Puryear:
environment and economic situation we can continue to make strides
toward making OA have the least impact possible.
Emily Sung:
It's easy to say to people, that if they follow only a vegetarian diet, then
their impact on the environment will be lessened.
Emily Sung:
That's not a very difficult fact to get across. What is difficult is to get people to change their habits, and to say "OK, I understand that fact,
Emily Sung:
and as a result I'm going to only eat meat once a week, or maybe twice a
week, or maybe not at all."
Julia Rees:
I'm Julia, I'm from Bethesda, Md., a little suburb right outside of
Washington, D.C. I'm clearly a rising freshman at Princeton.
Julia Rees:
It's so great to feel like I can fend for myself out here. I love that we aren't
generating very much trash. I love that I'm not driving my car around.
Julia Rees:
It's a great way to start. We've actually been talking a lot about
sustainability. I think, from what I've gathered, the
Julia Rees:
OA trips in the past have been focused on just packing out the trash. More
like relocating the trash, like we wouldn't leave it in the wilderness,
Julia Rees:
we'd just put it in a dumpster back at school. Whereas on this trip, we're
trying to just not generate that trash in the first place.
George Che:
My name is George Che. I'm from Walden, Mass. I didn't really
know much about living in the woods without impacting the environment.
George Che:
Like, I didn't really know about how to reduce trash and things like that.
Emily Sung:
We've instructed leaders to separate all their waste into a number of
different categories, and the reason we need to separate these is
Emily Sung:
because the first group of food waste, which is vegetable and fruit matter,
can be composted. The rest of the food is going to a pig bucket.
Emily Sung:
The other waste, miscellaneous wrappers and things, are going to a landfill,
and that is the ultimate destination that we are trying to avoid.
Julia Rees:
I think that having seen just how much transportation goes into the
packaging, and catching, packaging, processing food,
Julia Rees:
I'm going to be a lot more careful in my own life. I'm really going to take
that with me.
George Che:
I think this has really opened my eyes to how much we impact the
environment, and, going back home, I think I'm definitely going to
George Che:
not drive my car so much, and use more natural transportation such as
walking or biking or things like that. And I'll definitely recycle more.
Julia Rees:
This just really puts everything in perspective. I know I'm going to
appreciate everything a lot more when I get back to school.
Emily Sung:
We obviously want to decrease OA's carbon footprint as much as we can.
But there is also another component, which is the educational value
Emily Sung:
of making a couple of changes, doing a lot of research, being able to tell
freshman and leaders that this is something OA really wants to work for.
Emily Sung:
This is something we are trying to figure out even if we run into a lot of
dead ends.
Emily Sung:
And hopefully all the people that OA comes in contact with will come away with a different attitude towards the environment.


text:
This weekend whipper shows how even a short fall, low to the ground, can still be dangerous if you aren't careful. It appears in this video, shot at Table Mountain in California, that the climber gets his foot caught as he falls, causing him to spin sideways and crash into the rock. According to the uploader's comments on Youtube, he suffered "stitches in my back head and a ding in my climbing ego" and that "nowadays I wear a helmet. It's not an issue for me anymore."
Search Videos:


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text:
Monaco Population: 30,500
|« Previous Country | Next Country »
|The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family first seized temporary control in 1297, and again in 1331, but were not able to permanently secure their holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
|Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 2 sq km
land: 2 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
|Land Boundaries:
| total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km
|4.1 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 12 nm
|Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
|hilly, rugged, rocky
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
|Natural resources:
|Land use:
| arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 1%
other: 99% (urban area) (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|Current Environment Issues:
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
|Ethnic groups:
|French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
|French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
|Roman Catholic 90% (official), other 10%
|30,500 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 11.9% (male 1,856/female 1,782)
15-24 years: 9.4% (male 1,479/female 1,384)
25-54 years: 35.6% (male 5,387/female 5,456)
55-64 years: 14.4% (male 2,217/female 2,172)
65 years and over: 28.7% (male 3,913/female 4,854) (2013 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 50.5 years
male: 49.4 years
female: 51.7 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|-0% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|6.79 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|8.75 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|1.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 100% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 0.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 1.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 1.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 89.63 years
male: 85.7 years
female: 93.71 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.51 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Health expenditures:
|4.3% of GDP (2010)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
|Education expenditures:
|1.2% of GDP (2009)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 18 years
male: 18 years
female: 17 years (2009)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 6.9%
male: 6.6%
female: 7.4% (2000)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principaute de Monaco
local short form: Monaco
|Government type:
|constitutional monarchy
| name: Monaco
geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|Administrative divisions:
|none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo; note - Moneghetti, a part of La Condamine, is sometimes called the 5th quarter of Monaco
|1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)
|National holiday:
|National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)
|17 December 1962; modified 2 April 2002
|Legal system:
|civil law system influenced by French legal tradition
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government: Minister of State Michel ROGER (since 29 March 2010)
cabinet: Council of Government under the authority of the monarch (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
|Legislative branch:
| unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 10 February 2013 (next to be held in February 2018)
election results: percent of vote by party - Horizon Monaco 50.3%, Union Monegasque 39%, Renaissance 10.7%; seats by party - Horizon Monaco 20, Union Monegasque 3, Renaissance 1
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 5 permanent members and 2 substitutes) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court members appointed by the monarch upon the proposals of the National Council, State Council, Crown Council, Court of Appeal, and Trial Court
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Civil Court of First Instance
|Political parties and leaders:
|Horizon Monaco [Laurent NOUVION] Renaissance [SBM (corporation)] Union Monegasque [Stephane VALERI]
|International organization participation:
|CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
|National anthem:
| name: "A Marcia de Muneghu" (The March of Monaco)
lyrics/music: Louis NOTARI/Charles ALBRECHT
note: music adopted 1867, lyrics adopted 1931; although French is much more commonly spoken, only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as "Hymne Monegasque" (Monegasque Anthem); the words are generally only sung on official occasions
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Gilles NOGHES
chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Suite 2K-100, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: (202) 234-1530
consulate(s) general: New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
|the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco
|^Back to Top
Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. Monaco, however, is not a tax-free shelter; it charges nearly 20% value-added tax, collects stamp duties, and companies face a 33% tax on profits unless they can show that three-quarters of profits are generated within the principality. Monaco's reliance on tourism and banking for its economic growth has left it vulnerable to a downturn in France and other European economies which are the principality's main trade partners. In 2009, Monaco''s GDP fell by 11.5% as the euro-zone crisis precipitated a sharp drop in tourism and retail activity and home sales. A modest recovery ensued in 2010 with GDP growth of 2.5%, but Monaco''s economic prospects remain clouded in uncertainty tied to future euro-zone growth. Weak economic growth also has deteriorated public finances as the principality recorded a budget deficit of 1.3% of GDP in 2012. Monaco was formally removed from the OECD''s "grey list" of uncooperative tax jurisdictions in late 2009, but continues to face international pressure to abandon its banking secrecy laws and help combat tax evasion. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $5.748 billion (2011 est.) $5.47 billion (2010 est.) $5.337 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $5.748 billion (2011 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|5.1% (2011 est.) 2.5% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
|GDP - per capita (PPP): $70,700 (2011) $63,500 (2009 est.) $61,900 (2008 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
|Industrial production growth rate:
|Labor force:
|50,580 note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2011 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|0% (2011)
|Population below poverty line:
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
| revenues: $1.126 billion
expenditures: $1.198 billion (2011 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|19.6% of GDP (2011 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.5% (2010)
|$865.6 million (2011) $684.9 million (2010) note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
|Exports - commodities:
|$848.9 million (2011) $850.2 million (2010) note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
|Imports - commodities:
|Debt - external:
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|Exchange rates:
|euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7778 (2012 est.) 0.7185 (2011 est.) 0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)
|^Back to Top
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 44,500 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 166
|Cellular Phones in use:
|31,800 (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: modern automatic telephone system; the country's sole fixed line operator offers a full range of services to residential and business customers
domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 200 per 100 persons
international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system (2011)
|Broadcast media:
|TV Monte-Carlo (TMC) operates a TV network; cable TV available; Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s; other radio stations include Riviera Radio and Radio Monaco (2012)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|26,009 (2012)
|Internet users:
|23,000 (2009)
|^Back to Top
|1 (2012)
| total 77 km
paved: 77 km (2007)
|Merchant marine:
registered in other countries: 64 (Bahamas 8, Bermuda 2, Liberia 8, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 30, Panama 11, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|^Back to Top
|Defense is the responsibility of France
|Military branches:
|no regular military forces; Directorate of Public Security (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
|males age 16-49: 5,749 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 4,629
females age 16-49: 4,597 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 153
female: 141 (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country »
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


text:
Eight-Week Course Sessions
Yes, you can...count on convenience and flexibility
Columbia College-San Diego prides itself on providing the convenience and flexibility you need to be a successful adult learner. That's why we've developed eight-week course sessions that help you balance work and family obligations.
Whether you are taking on-campus or online courses-or both-you'll find our academic course format allows you to complete your degree sooner than colleges with traditional 16-week programs, but without moving too quickly like some six-week programs. And, with six sessions offered each year and the flexibility to start and stop your degree program, you'll have the luxury of moving at your own pace.
For more information on Columbia College-San Diego's schedule, consult its course schedules.


text:
Get up to 100% off your flight to Ekestad when booking a Flight + Hotel
Flying to Ekestad? Explore Ekestad with Expedia's Travel Guides to find the best hotels, vacation packages, car rental deals and more!
**Savings based on all vacation package bookings with Flight + Car on Expedia.com from April 2015 through September 2015, as compared to price of the same components booked separately. Savings will vary based on origin/destination, length of trip, stay dates and selected travel supplier(s). Savings not available on all cars.


text:
Q: What will you be making with your Blogger's Choice Fat Quarter Bundle?
A: Kelly and I are remaking some of the projects in our book Modern Designs For Classic Quilts. I'm going to be making the NY Beauty in our yummy rainbow mix and some scraps. The one from the book is done in black and white and is very structured, so I think it would be fun to make it again in juicy, fun colors and do it in way that isn't as formal. Kelly is remaking the Kaleidoscope Quilt with the bundle, putting a rainbow spin on it. It is very different from the two-color version in the book. The variety of colors gives you a lot of room for creativity!
A: Andie has been doing some charity sewing lately - mostly quilts for Cincinnati Children's Hospital. Also, the Cincinnati Modern Quilt Guild is participating in a project for Craft Hope making bibs for orphans in China, so I'm finishing up sewing those. And I'm kind of obsessed with paper piecing these days, so I've been playing with ideas for patterns.
1. jelly roll or layer cake
2. planned or scrappy
3. prints or solids
Leave a comment on this post choosing one of each pair you think Andie and Kelly would have selected. Answer correctly and you will have a chance to win one of their Blogger's Choice Fat Quarter Bundles. Contest closes Thursday 3/28. Good luck!


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text:
Maldives Population: 393,98812 VISITORS FROM HERE!
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
|A sultanate since the 12th century, the Maldives became a British protectorate in 1887. It became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM dominated the islands' political scene for 30 years, elected to six successive terms by single-party referendums. Following political demonstrations in the capital Male in August 2003, the president and his government pledged to embark upon democratic reforms including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Progress was sluggish, however, and many promised reforms were slow to be realized. Nonetheless, political parties were legalized in 2005. In June 2008, a constituent assembly - termed the "Special Majlis" - finalized a new constitution, which was ratified by the president in August. The first-ever presidential elections under a multi-candidate, multi-party system were held in October 2008. GAYOOM was defeated in a runoff poll by Mohamed NASHEED, a political activist who had been jailed several years earlier by the former regime. President NASHEED faced a number of challenges including strengthening democracy and combating poverty and drug abuse. In early February 2012, after several weeks of street protests following his sacking of a top judge, NASHEED resigned the presidency and handed over power to Vice President Mohammed WAHEED Hassan Maniku. In mid-2012, the Commission of National Inquiry was set by the Government to probe events leading to the regime change. Though no evidence of a coup was found, the report recommended the need to strengthen the country's democratic institutions to avert similar events in the future, and to further investigate alleged police misconduct during the crisis. Maldives officials have played a prominent role in international climate change discussions (due to the islands' low elevation and the threat from sea-level rise) on the United Nations Human Rights Council, and in encouraging regional cooperation, especially between India and Pakistan.
1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean
|Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 298 sq km
land: 298 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC
|Land Boundaries:
|0 km
|644 km
|Maritime claims:
| measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
|tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)
|flat, with white sandy beaches
|Elevation extremes:
| lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Viligili in the Addu Atholhu 2.4 m
|Natural resources:
|Land use:
| arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 10%
other: 80% (2011)
|Irrigated land:
|0 sq km NA (2003)
|Natural hazards:
|tsunamis; low elevation of islands makes them sensitive to sea level rise
|Current Environment Issues:
|depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Maldivian(s)
adjective: Maldivian
|Ethnic groups:
|South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs
|Dhivehi (official, dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English (spoken by most government officials)
|Sunni Muslim (official)
|393,988 (July 2013 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 21.1% (male 42,352/female 40,686)
15-24 years: 24.2% (male 56,016/female 39,443)
25-54 years: 46% (male 108,025/female 73,074)
55-64 years: 4.5% (male 9,379/female 8,431)
65 years and over: 4.2% (male 7,961/female 8,621) (2013 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 50.8 %
youth dependency ratio: 43.3 %
elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 %
potential support ratio: 13.4 (2013)
|Median age:
| total: 26.7 years
male: 27 years
female: 26.2 years (2013 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|-0.11% (2013 est.)
|Birth rate:
|15.38 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Death rate:
|3.8 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-12.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
| urban population: 41.2% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 3.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|MALE (capital) 120,000 (2009)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.44 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.53 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.17 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
total population: 1.34 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|23.9 note: Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|60 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 25.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 74.92 years
male: 72.65 years
female: 77.31 years (2013 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|34.7% (2009)
|Health expenditures:
|6.3% of GDP (2010)
|Physicians density:
|1.6 physicians/1,000 population (2007)
|Hospital bed density:
|4.3 beds/1,000 population (2009)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 97% of population
total: 98% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 3% of population
total: 2% of population (2010 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 98% of population
rural: 97% of population
total: 97% of population
urban: 2% of population
rural: 3% of population
total: 3% of population (2010 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|less than 0.1% (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|12.9% (2008)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|17.8% (2009)
|Education expenditures:
|7.2% of GDP (2011)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.4%
male: 98.4%
female: 98.4% (2006 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 13 years
male: 12 years
female: 13 years (2003)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 22.2%
male: 15.5%
female: 30.5% (2006)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Republic of Maldives
conventional short form: Maldives
local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa
local short form: Dhivehi Raajje
|Government type:
| name: Male
geographic coordinates: 4 10 N, 73 30 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|7 provinces and 1 municipality*; Dhekunu (South), Maale*, Mathi Dhekunu (Upper South), Mathi Uthuru (Upper North), Medhu (Central), Medhu Dhekunu (South Central), Medhu Uthuru (North Central), Uthuru (North)
|26 July 1965 (from the UK)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 26 July (1965)
|new constitution ratified 7 August 2008
|Legal system:
|Islamic religious legal system with English common law influences, primarily in commercial matters
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Mohamed WAHEED Hassan Maniku (since 7 February 2012); Vice President Mohamed Waheed DEEN (since 22 February 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Mohamed WAHEED Hassan Maniku (since 7 February 2012)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers is appointed by the president (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 September 2013 with a second round vote scheduled for 28 September 2013 (next election to be held in 2018)
election results: 7 September 2013 first round results: Mohamed NASHEED 45.45%, Abdulla YAMIN 25.35%, Qasim IBRAHIM 24.07%, Mohamed Waheed HASSAN (incumbent) 5.1%
|Legislative branch:
| unicameral Parliament or People's Majlis (77 seats; members elected by direct vote to serve five-year terms); note - the Majlis in February 2009 passed legislation that increased the number of seats to 77 from 50
elections: last held on 9 May 2009 (next to be held in 2014)
election results: percent of vote - NA; seats by party as of February 2013 - MDP 29, PPM 18, DRP 14, JP 6, PA 2, DQP 1, independents 7
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission - a separate body of selected high government officials and the public - and upon confirmation by voting members of the People's Council; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
subordinate courts: High Court; Criminal, Civil, Family, Juvenile, and Drug Courts; Magistrate Courts (on each of the inhabited islands)
|Political parties and leaders:
|Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Sheikh Imran ABDULLA] Dhivehi Qaumee Party or DQP [Hassan SAEED] Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party (Maldivian People's Party) or DRP [Ahmed THASMEEN Ali] Gaumee Itthihaad Party (National Unity Party) or GIP [Mohamed WAHEED] Islamic Democratic Party or IDP Maldives Development Alliance or MDA [Ahmed SIYAM] Maldives National Congress or MNC [Ali AMJAD] Maldives Reform Movement or MRM [Mohamed MUNAWWAR] Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Moosa MANIKU] Maldivian Labor Party or MLP [Ahmed MOOSA] Maldivian Social Democratic Party or MSDP [Reeko Ibrahim MANIKU] Meedhu Dhaaira People's Alliance or PA [Moosa ZAMEERI] People's Party or PP [Ahmed RIYAZ] Poverty Alleviation Party or PAP Progressive Party of Maldives or PPM [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM] Republican (Jumhooree) Party or JP [Gasim IBRAHIM] Social Liberal Party or SLP [Mazian RASHEED]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|other: various unregistered political parties
|International organization participation:
|ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|coconut palm, yellowfin tuna
|National anthem:
| name: "Gaumee Salaam" (National Salute)
lyrics/music: Mohamed Jameel DIDI/Wannakuwattawaduge DON AMARADEVA
note: lyrics adopted 1948, music adopted 1972; between 1948 and 1972, the lyrics were sung to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne"
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Ahmed SAREER
chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400E, New York, NY 10017
telephone: [1] (212) 599-6194
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
|the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka, Ambassador Michele J. SISON, is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits
|^Back to Top
Tourism, Maldives' largest economic activity, accounts for 28% of GDP and more than 60% of foreign exchange receipts. Fishing is the second leading sector, but the fish catch has dropped sharply in recent years. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a lesser role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Lower than expected tourist arrivals and fish exports, combined with high government spending on social needs, subsidies, and civil servant salaries contributed to a balance of payments crisis, which was temporarily eased with a $79.3 million IMF Stand-By agreement. However, after the first two disbursements, the IMF withheld subsequent disbursements due to concerns over Maldives' growing budget deficit, and the government has been seeking other sources of budgetary support ever since. A new Goods and Services Tax (GST) on tourism introduced in January 2011, on general goods and services in October 2011, and a new Business Profit Tax introduced in July 2011 have provided a boost to revenue. Economic growth slowed to 3.4% of GDP in 2012, compared to 7.0% in 2011 because of slower tourist arrivals and weak global conditions. Diversifying the economy beyond tourism and fishing, reforming public finance, increasing employment opportunities, and combating corruption, cronyism, and a growing drug problem are major near-term challenges facing the government. Gross foreign reserves at the end of November 2012 were approximately $356 million, compared with $326 million in 2011, and were sufficient to finance only 2.6 months of imports. Over the longer term Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is 1 meter or less above sea level.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $3.106 billion (2012 est.) $3.001 billion (2011 est.) $2.803 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $2.209 billion (2012 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|3.5% (2012 est.) 7% (2011 est.) 7.1% (2010 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $9,400 (2012 est.) $9,200 (2011 est.) $8,800 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
|Agriculture - products:
|coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish
|tourism, fish processing, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining
|Industrial production growth rate:
|-0.9% (2004 est.)
|Labor force:
|152,500 (2010)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 11%
industry: 23%
services: 65% (2006 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|28% (2012 est.) 14.5% (2010 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|16% (2008)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 33.3% (FY09/10)
| revenues: $638 million
expenditures: $917 million (2012 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|28.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.1% (2012 est.) 16.7% (2011 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$600 million (2012 est.) $437 million (2011 est.)
|$283 million (2012 est.) $316 million (2011 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|Exports - partners:
|France 18.6%, Thailand 15.5%, UK 11.2%, Sri Lanka 10%, US 9.2%, Italy 8%, Germany 6.3% (2012)
|$1.406 billion (2012 est.) $1.314 billion (2011 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|petroleum products, clothing, intermediate and capital goods
|Imports - partners:
|Singapore 21.4%, UAE 20.3%, India 9.5%, Malaysia 7.5%, China 5.9%, Thailand 5.6%, Sri Lanka 5.1% (2012)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$356 million (30 November 2012 est.) $326 million (30 November 2011 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$890.8 million (2012 est.) $684.2 million (2011 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$555 million (31 December 2011 est.)
|Exchange rates:
|rufiyaa (MVR) per US dollar - 15.39 (2011) 14.602 (2011) 12.8 (2008) 12.8 (2007)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|300 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 170
|Electricity - consumption:
|279 million kWh (2009 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2012 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2012 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|62,010 kW (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|6,875 bbl/day (2011 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|6,088 bbl/day (2012 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2012 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|0 cu m (2012 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2012 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2012 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|919,000 Mt (2010 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Telephones in use:
| 24,100 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 183
|Cellular Phones in use:
|530,400 (2011)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: telephone services have improved; inter-atoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands and resorts are connected with telephone and fax service
domestic: each island now has at least 1 public telephone, and there are mobile-cellular networks with a rapidly expanding subscribership that has reached 135 per 100 persons
international: country code - 960; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)
|Broadcast media:
|state-owned radio and TV monopoly until recently; state-owned TV operates 2 channels; 3 privately owned TV stations; state owns Voice of Maldives and operates both an entertainment and a music-based station; 5 privately owned radio stations (2012)
|Internet country code:
|Internet hosts:
|3,296 (2012)
|Internet users:
|86,400 (2009)
|^Back to Top
| 9 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 159
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 7
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 2
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2013)
| total 88 km
paved roads: 88 km - 60 km in Male; 14 km on Addu Atolis; 14 km on Laamu
note: island roads are mainly compacted coral (2013)
|Merchant marine:
| total 18
by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 14, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2
foreign-owned: 4 (Singapore 4)
registered in other countries: 4 (Panama 2, Tuvalu 1, unknown 1) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|^Back to Top
|The Maldives National Defense Force (MNDF), with its small size and with little serviceable equipment, is inadequate to prevent external aggression and is primarily tasked to reinforce the Maldives Police Service (MPS) and ensure security in the exclusive economic zone (2008)
|Military branches:
|Maldives National Defense Force (MNDF): Marine Corps, Security Protection Group, Coast Guard (2010)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18-28 years of age for voluntary service; no conscription; 10th grade or equivalent education required; must not be a member of a political party (2012)
|Manpower available for military service:
| males age 16-49: 156,319
females age 16-49: 98,815 (2010 est.)
|Manpower fit for military service:
| males age 16-49: 135,374
females age 16-49: 85,181 (2010 est.)
|Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
| male: 4,167
female: 3,595 (2010 est.)
|Military expenditures:
|5% of GDP (2009)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Established more than 50 years ago, Nor-Shipping is now a weeklong, activity-filled maritime event that attracts key maritime industry visitors from across the world. The presence of leading representatives from the entire maritime value chain makes Nor-Shipping a recognized arena for strategic deal making and networking. The theme for 2013 is 'Next generation shipping'.
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ACHICA > Graham & Brown > Hemingway Planking Wallpaper, Grey
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|Product Information
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This last weekend our Scout Troop headed up to Trout Lake, Washington to venture into the longest Lave Tube cave in North America, called Dead Horse cave. We tried to get up to the cave last year, but with record snow fall we could not get to the entrance. So the PLC put it on the calender again for this year and in a month that the snow should not be that bad, if there at all.
The temps have been dropping and with the Dead Horse cave being pretty much at the base of Mt. Adams we kept an eye on the weather and told the PLC to be prepared for cold temps. The 10 day forecast called for around 21*. We conducted a shake down on Monday night before the trip and found that some of the guys were carrying too much and in appropriate gear for cold weather.
We pride ourselves on learning from mistakes, but more importantly being a self-proclaimed expert when it comes to cold weather camping. I have spent a great deal of time teaching both the ASMs and the Scouts about cold weather camping, and so it troubles me when we teach and take great care in instructing the Scouts to be better prepared for their outdoor adventures and they choose not to listen or act on the instruction. What I will tell you though is that with experience comes knowledge and we all learn from mistakes and our lack of preparedness.
So what I have summed up in our first cold weather experience for this year is simply its all about Skill and Gear.
Camping in the cold and extreme cold requires a different skill set than you typical 3 season adventure. It requires thinking and constant awareness. This raises a challenge when we are doing this with younger Scouts. I am going to make a sweeping generalization, but the young Scouts do not always think before they act. They take the path of least resistance, they make choices based on what seems to be fun and not what is right based on conditions. For example, they see snow. Snow equals snow balls and snow angels. Fun, yes, but the right thing to do when you need to be able to sustain in the cold for three days, No. So much of the skill we talk about with our young men is staying dry. We stay dry with Skill and Gear. Wearing clothing that will keep us dry and staying out of the snow. Simple things like using your pack cover to kneel or sit on when setting up your tent or cooking rather than plopping down in the snow. Or staying on the path rather than breaking trail if you don't need to.
So we teach them before we head out and then stay on top of them during the trip and hope that it starts to sink in.
ATTN: SHOE COMPANIES. I don't care about fashion and style! You have assisted in the creation of a generation that can not and will not tie their shoes. I BLAME YOU for laziness.
I can not tell you how many Scouts have trouble tying their shoes and keeping them tied. This is a major issue in the cold. This weekend I could not believe how many of the new Scouts would rather allow their boots to fill with snow than tie their boots up. GEAR. It is so important to keep your feet dry and warm. A good pair of boots and a set of Gaiters is extremely important in keeping your feet and lower legs warm and dry.
Ok, so I can go on and on, the point here is that just like when you are building something, the right tools are required to do the job right, and with the right skill set and the right gear camping in the cold is fun and exciting.
It's all about developing in these Scouts those skills. There are Scouts today that are more than likely not happy with the way I assisted them this weekend. I was nice, I am not a yeller, but because of the way that they have been taught to be lazy and have things done for them, they had a little more of me than they wanted.
Saturday night, the ASMs and I sat around the camp fire after the Scouts went to bed. We talked about the challenges we had and how we were going to fix it.
First. Gear. We are putting together a list of recommended gear and must have gear. We will distribute that list to the parents at a mandatory parent meeting. It will be made clear that if a parent does not attend the Scout will not camp with us in the winter. That simple.
At that meeting we are going to show the parents what kind of gear we want to see the Scouts have. We are offering solutions for the lack of gear that some of the Scouts have. Between myself and the other Assistant Scoutmasters we have a lot of gear. We are all willing to loan gear until the Scout can get his own. We want ever Scout to have this experience, but we can not have a Scouts go unprepared.
Prepared for cold weather camping requires the right Skill and the right Gear. I can not make exceptions when it comes to the safety of our Scouts.
Second part of the plan is to change the shake down plan. We currently do them the meeting before the camp out. We talked with the PLC and we are going to start doing the night of the camp out. We will not leave the meeting hall till the gear is right. A parent will have to stick around to either make adjustments or take the Scout home when he does not meet the conditions for the camp out.
The Scout will not go with us if he is not prepared.
And finally. We will make sure that our older Scouts are prepared and able to assist with the training. Our troop has become every young in the last year, with as many new Scouts as we have brought in there is a need to go back and retrain everyone and ensure that we all are on the same page when it comes these skills. In the long run we will have a better trained and ready group on our next winter adventures… which by the way is in January. So the time line is short and the urgency of matter is there. We start tonight.
Skills and Gear equal success in the winter.
Have a Great Scouting Day!
Skill and Gear
This last weekend our Scout Troop headed up to Trout Lake, Washington to venture into the longest Lave Tube cave in North America, called Dead Horse cave. We tried to get up to the cave last year, but with record snow fall we could not get to the entrance. So the PLC put it on the calender again for this year and in a month that the snow should not be that bad, if there at all.


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Manufacturer: LEXMARK
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From our Friends at the BSA Internal Communications via Scout Wire:
Dateline February 29, 2012
The new online tour and activity plan has been developed and will soon be ready for use.
When compared to the former tour permit process, the new plan will no longer require signatures or approvals. Rather, as the plan is completed online, the required prerequisites for that type of trip or activity will be displayed.
For any prerequisites that have not been met (for example, not having someone on a trip who has Hazardous Weather training where this training is required), and before being allowed to submit the form, the person completing the form will have to certify that all prerequisites will be met prior to conducting the trip or activity. Once submitted, an email notification will be sent to your council, chartered organization, committee chair, unit leader, and emergency contact to let them know that a plan has been submitted. Receivers of this notification can log in to MyScouting and review the plan.
Other tour and activity plan enhancements include the following:
- Because email notifications will be sent once a plan has been submitted, it is important to maintain current leadership information in the system.
- Links are provided to current program-required training and education.
- System prompts and warnings are included.
- You will be able to review and fix any deficiencies flagged by the system prior to submitting the plan.
- You can store, retrieve, copy, and reuse completed tour and activity plans.
- Files such as trekking plans and flight plans may be uploaded.
- Unit volunteers who currently have access to the tour and activity plan will be able to view and update all plans submitted for their unit up to the day before the scheduled tour date.
- There will be leader certification of the plan prior to submission.
For those who do not have Internet access or simply prefer paper over an electronic version, a PDF version can be found on the tour and activity plan FAQ page.
Tour and Activity Plan Demo
Before implementation to unit volunteers, we are providing a demo to familiarize you and your employees with this new tool. The demo will be accessible to councils on MyBSA until April 30. You will have the ability to create, edit, copy, or print a plan, but not submit one. On May 1, the new tour and activity plan will be activated for authorized unit volunteers to access in MyScouting. We encourage your employees to show the demo to key volunteers, but due to the need to protect the personal information of the membership, this must be done via MyBSA.
The demo may be accessed online. When the MyBSA login screen appears, enter your current MyBSA user name and password. It will take you to the tour and activity plan home page, where you can begin and create a new plan.
A training video has been developed that guides you through the application process and can also be shared with your unit volunteers.


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Titolo: The Ladder of Rivers The Story of I. P. (...
Casa editrice: Dawson County Historical Society
Data di pubblicazione: 1995
Condizione libro: New
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to contact us and we'll respond within 2 business days.
Shipping costs are based on books weighing 2.2 LB, or 1 KG. If your book order is heavy or oversized, we may contact you to let you know extra shipping is required.