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Interleukin-17A upregulates receptor activator of NF-κB on osteoclast precursors
- Iannis E Adamopoulos1Email author,
- Cheng-chi Chao1,
- Richard Geissler2,
- Drake Laface1,
- Wendy Blumenschein1,
- Yoichiro Iwakura3,
- Terrill McClanahan1 and
- Edward P Bowman1Email author
DOI: 10.1186/ar2936
© Adamopoulos et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
Received: 2 September 2009
Accepted: 18 February 2010
Published: 18 February 2010
The interaction between the immune and skeletal systems is evidenced by the bone loss observed in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper we describe a new mechanism by which the immune cytokine IL-17A directly affects osteoclastogenesis.
Human CD14+ cells were isolated from healthy donors, cultured on dentine slices and coverslips and stimulated with IL-17A and/or receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by gene expression, flow cytometry, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Physiologic bone remodelling was studied in wild-type (Wt) and IL-17A-/- mice using micro-computer tomography and serum RANKL/osteoprotegerin concentration. Functional osteoclastogenesis assays were performed using bone marrow macrophages isolated from IL-17A-/- and Wt mice.
IL-17A upregulates the receptor activator for NF-κB receptor on human osteoclast precursors in vitro, leading to increased sensitivity to RANKL signalling, osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. IL-17A-/- mice have physiological bone homeostasis indistinguishable from Wt mice, and bone marrow macrophages isolated from these mice develop fully functional normal osteoclasts.
Collectively our data demonstrate anti-IL-17A treatment as a selective therapeutic target for bone loss associated with autoimmune diseases.
The pathologic outcome of the activated immune system interacting with the skeletal system is evidenced by articular bone erosion and joint loss of function seen in autoimmune joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Pathological bone resorption is the result of increased differentiation and/or activity of osteoclasts [1]. Osteoclast precursors are present in the circulating monocyte population [2], and these cells differentiate into multinucleated osteoclasts in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator for NF-κB ligand (RANKL) produced by osteoblasts [3]. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble decoy receptor for RANKL that inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption [4]. Terminally differentiated osteoclasts polarize onto the bone surface by forming filamentous actin (F-actin) rings associated with αvβ3 integrin, acidify the enclosed extracellular space using a proton pump [5] to solubilize the inorganic calcium phosphate, and release organic matrix-degrading enzymes such as cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinases and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) that results in a continuous series of resorption lacunae on the bone. The receptor activator for NF-κB (RANK)/RANKL/OPG axis governs homeostatic bone remodelling, as mice deficient in RANK, RANKL, or OPG have severe bone phenotypes [3, 4, 6].
In addition to producing RANKL, activated T cells produce other proinflammatory factors, such as TNF, which stimulate osteoclastogenesis in RANK-/- mice [6] and induce osteoclastogenesis in vitro by direct stimulation of murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages exposed to permissive levels of RANKL [7]. Haematopoietic precursors from RANKL-/-, RANK-/-, or TRAF6-/- mice also become osteoclasts in vitro when they are stimulated with TNFα in the presence of cofactors such as transforming growth factor beta [8], and recently TNF was shown to induce osteoclastogenesis from spleen-cell-derived macrophages in the absence of RANKL [9]. Collectively these data demonstrate that immune-mediated osteoclastogenesis pathways can lead to joint pathology in inflammatory arthritis in both a RANKL-dependent and a RANKL-independent manner [10–12].
The IL-23/IL-17A axis has recently been implicated in joint pathology and autoimmune diseases. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 promotes the differentiation of a novel memory T-cell subset (Th17) in mice characterized by the production of the signature cytokine IL-17A. IL-23 is comprised of the IL-23p19 subunit and the IL-12p40 subunit, (shared with IL-12), and IL-23p19-/- mice have reduced IL-17A+-Th17 cells, are resistant to collagen-induced arthritis induction, and have no joint or bone pathology [13]. Th17 cells stimulate local inflammation and express RANKL as well as inducing RANKL expression in osteoblasts [14, 15].
Since both Th17 cells and osteoclast precursors are present in the peripheral blood of healthy adults and both are elevated in the synovial fluid of RA patients [2, 14, 16], we studied the role of IL-17A in the direct differentiation and activation of osteoclast precursors [17]. Specifically, we analysed the in vitro mechanisms by which IL-17A affects osteoclastogenesis, using mice deficient for IL-17A, and treating human peripheral blood monocytes with exogenous cytokines. We confirm that IL-17A does not play a role in physiological bone homeostasis, and show that IL-17A sensitizes osteoclast precursors to the key osteoclast factor RANKL by increasing RANK expression on osteoclast precursors [18]. These data provide a direct mechanism of IL-17A action on osteoclast precursors that is distinct from IL-17A's known action on osteoblasts [14], thereby providing an additional link between the immune and skeletal systems. Furthermore, the induction of RANK and RANKL expression make IL-17A a potent inducer of bone erosion under inflammatory conditions and its blockade may be used to combat disabling conditions such as RA.
Materials and methods
Reagents and antibodies
All cell incubations were performed in culture medium consisting of α-minimal essential medium (Invitrogen, San Francisco, CA, USA), 2 mM glutamine, 10% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (Invitrogen), 100 IU/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. Human soluble RANKL was detected in the conditioned medium using a sandwich ELISA (Biovendor, Candler, NC, USA), and mouse RANKL and OPG was measured in the serum of 8-week-old mice using ELISA from R&D Systems (San Francisco, CA, USA).
Mice and mouse osteoclast cultures
All animal protocols were approved by Schering-Plough Biopharma's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. IL-17A-/- mice have been previously described [19]. The mice were sacrificed by carbon dioxide exposure and blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Whole bone marrow was extracted from the tibia and femurs of 6-week-old to 8-week-old wild-type (Wt) C57Bl/6 and IL-17A-/- mice. Cells were plated in culture medium containing 25 ng/ml M-CSF. Osteoclasts were generated in 5-day cultures of bone marrow macrophages with 25 ng/ml M-CSF and 50 ng/ml soluble RANKL.
Micro-computer tomography
Mouse femurs were stored in 10% neutral buffered formalin at 2 to 8°C until processing. Samples were scanned at Numira (Salt Lake City, UT, USA) using a high-resolution, volumetric μCT40 scanner (Scanco Medical AG, Basserdorf, Switzerland). The image data were acquired at 6 μm isometric voxel resolution with 300 ms exposure time, 2,000 views, and five frames per view. The micro-computer tomography-generated DICOM files were used to analyse the samples and to create volume renderings of the region of interest. The raw data files were viewed using Microview (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA).
Utilizing ScanCo Medical software, bone density measurements were obtained for the distal end of the femur and the midshaft. For distal femur analysis, a three-dimensional trabecular volume was selected 0.5 mm below the growth plate and 0.5 mm thick. For midshaft analysis, the length of the entire femur was measured and a 1 mm thick mid-cortical section was used for analysis. A threshold of 20% of the 16-bit total grey-scale values between 0 and 32,000 was used. Three-dimensional image rendering were generated through original volumetric reconstructed images using Microview software (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ, USA).
Human osteoclast cultures
Buffy coats were obtained from normal healthy human volunteers participating in the Stanford Medical School Blood Center blood donation programme, with the permission of the institution and volunteers, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Human protocols were approved by the Schering Plough Institutional Biosafety Committee, which acts as an ethical committee for the approval of studies involving the use of human tissue.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by gradient density centrifugation with Histopaque-1077 (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) as previously described [20]. CD14+ cells were isolated with the MACS monocyte isolation Kit (Miltenyi Biotech Auburn, CA, USA). The purity of the isolated CD14+ cells was >95% as assessed by flow cytometry at day 1. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or CD14+cells were added to 96-well tissue culture plates containing dentine slices (Nordic Bioscience Diagnostics, Herlev, Denmark) or coverslips (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) as previously described [20]. PBMC cultures were maintained in the presence of 30 ng/ml soluble RANKL and 25 ng/ml M-CSF as positive control. PBMC cultures were maintained with M-CSF alone as a negative control. All PBMC cultures were incubated for up to 21 days, during which time the entire culture medium containing all factors was replenished every 2 or 3 days.
Cytochemical and functional assessment of osteoclast formation
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
The cells cultured on plastic dishes were stained for TRAP using a commercial kit (387-A; Sigma) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
F-actin ring
To detect the F-actin ring structure [21], dentine slices were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 5 minutes and then permeabilized for 6 minutes in 0.5% Triton X-100 (in PBS) and rinsed with PBS. The cells on dentine slices were then incubated with 0.1 μM TRITC-conjugated phalloidin (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) for 30 minutes, washed and rinsed with PBS before mounting with DAPI (Vectashield; Vector Peterborough, UK), and were observed using a fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Melville, NY, USA).
Resorption assay
Functional evidence of osteoclast formation was determined by a lacunar resorption assay system using cell cultures on dentine slices as previously described [20]. Cells were removed from the dentine slices by treatment with 0.1 M ammonium hydroxide. The dentine slices were washed in distilled water and ultrasonicated to remove adherent cells, then stained with 0.5% (v/v) toluidine blue to reveal areas of lacunar resorption and examined by light microscopy.
Scanning electron microscopy
Cells on dentine were fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde, dehydrated by passing through graded alcohols and then through graded (50 to 100%) hexamethyl-disilazane solution (Sigma-Aldrich) before being air-dried. Dentine slices were then mounted onto aluminium stubs (EMS, Hatfield, PA, USA), sputtered with gold, and examined using a Philips SEM 505 scanning electron microscope.
RNA extraction and real-time quantitative PCR
Flow cytometry of isolated bone marrow macrophages, PBMCs and CD14+cells
Bone marrow cells were flushed from the femurs and tibia of C57BL/6 AnN mice (Taconic, Oxnard, CA, USA) and IL-17A-/- mice and were dispersed to single-cell suspensions. Nonspecific binding was blocked by pretreating cells with rat anti-mouse CD16/32 mAb (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) for 10 minutes at room temperature. Alexa Fluor® 647-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD11b mAb, PE-conjugated rat anti-mouse Gr-1 mAb and isotype controls were all obtained from BD Biosciences. Cells were stained using predetermined optimized mAb concentration, and cell surface phenotyping was done using a BD FACS Caliber flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) and analysed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR, USA).
PBMCs were analysed for the expression of c-fms and RANK receptors on CD14+ cells. Briefly, cells were resuspended in PBS, incubated with mouse anti-human antibody for 30 minutes at 4°C, washed with PBS, and fixed with 1% formaldehyde. Expression of receptors was determined by staining cells with anti-human CD14-APC and c-fms-Biotin and/or RANK-PE. Gated events (100,000) were collected using the FACScan system and were analysed with CELLQuest software (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
Statistical analysis
Human data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple-comparison after test. One-way or two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni after test was used where appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant (n = 3, unless otherwise indicated).
IL-17A induces human osteoclast formation
We next addressed whether IL-17A had a synergistic effect with RANKL in driving osteoclastogenesis. Human osteoclast precursors cultured with RANKL differentiate into multinucleated osteoclasts capable of forming F-actin rings and lacunar resorption (Figure 2a, lower panel). The addition of 1 ng/ml IL-17A to the RANKL-treated cultures increased the mean area of dentine resorbed by as much as 30% more (Figure 2b).
IL-17A upregulates RANK and c-fms on osteoclast precursors
IL-17A-elevated c-fms and RANK expression on human osteoclast precursors was hypothesized to sensitize the osteoclasts precursors to M-CSF and RANKL signalling, resulting in greater osteoclast number and bone resorption under limiting M-CSF or limiting RANKL conditions. By keeping optimal M-CSF levels constant and decreasing the RANKL concentration (and vice versa) while stimulating with IL-17A, we demonstrated that IL-17A stimulation resulted in an increase of multinucleated TRAP+ cell formation under limiting M-CSF and RANKL conditions (Figure 3c).
IL-17A-/-mice have normal bone homeostasis and develop normal, fully functional osteoclasts
These in vivo and in vitro data support the notion that IL-17A is not required for normal skeletal development and physiological osteoclast activity. IL-17A would only be expressed in the bone microenvironment during times of host defence in the bone (for example, septic arthritis) or during an autoimmune joint disease (for example, RA).
IL-17A is the signature cytokine of the recently discovered Th17 memory T-cell subset. Th17 cells are the only T-cell subtype that express RANKL [15], which is the main osteoclast differentiation factor leading to the differentiation of osteoclast precursors to mature bone resorbing osteoclasts [3]. IL-17A-producing Th17 cells are present in the joints of RA patients [22, 23] and synovial membrane IL-17A gene expression was one factor that was predictive for subsequent bone erosion and joint damage [24]. IL-17A is present in RA synovial fluid [14], and RA synovial fluid macrophages can differentiate to fully functional osteoclasts [16]. In the collagen-induced arthritis model, IL-17A-/- mice are protected from joint disease with less TRAP+ cells correlating with reduced bone resorption, suggesting that IL-17A plays a role in osteoclastogenesis [25, 26]. IL-17A can act independently of TNF under arthritic conditions [27] and stimulates cartilage destruction in the IL-1-deficient mice [28], supporting the hypothesis that IL-17A can act independently of IL-1 [29]. Moreover, the combination of IL-17A with IL-1 and TNF shows a marked increase in inflammation and bone destruction [30, 31]. Collectively the above experiments elegantly show that IL-17A acts independently of IL-1 and TNF but can also synergize with those factors.
The direct link of IL-17A to osteoclastogenesis, however, remained unknown. In this manuscript we focused on IL-17A's direct role in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory arthritis. To investigate how pathologic IL-17A expression could impact bone remodelling we studied the effects of exogenously added IL-17A on PBMCs and CD14+ cells. As mentioned previously IL-17A acts on stromal cells to induce the expression of RANKL. To eliminate this component of IL-17A biology we employed a culture system where there are no stromal cells but only CD14+ cells. Moreover, no RANKL was detected in the conditioned medium of CD14+ cells stimulated with 1, 10, 50 and 100 ng/ml IL-17A after 1 to 24 hours.
IL-17A stimulated the formation of multinucleated TRAP+ from PBMC cultures at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml (Figure 1a). In order to study the direct effect of these cytokines on osteoclast precursors, we used the CD14+ fraction of PBMCs and confirmed that IL-17A induced TRAP+multinucleated cells. The use of TRAP+ cells as an osteoclast marker has been overrated in recent literature, especially since macrophage polykaryons, immature dendritic cells, and mononuclear macrophages all stain positive for TRAP [15, 16, 32–34]. Osteoclast functional assays were therefore performed to validate the findings. IL-17A-treated CD14+ cells formed F-actin rings and induced low-grade resorption, but notably did not induce lacunar excavation as in the RANKL-treated cultures (Figure 1b, c).
Cell morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Cultures treated with IL-17A contained numerous small cells (<30 μm) rounded or flattened and spread over the dentine surface, to which they were attached by fine microvilli. Some cells had cytoplasmic processes that extended up to 20 μm over the dentine surface. These cells had numerous surface ruffles and were able to perform low-grade resorption (Figure 1c). The area of low-grade resorption was not similar to the lacunar excavation observed in RANKL-treated cultures and was generally small, discrete, round or ovoid areas that did not possess a well-defined margin and did not coalesce to form large areas of lacunar excavation (Figure 1c).
Moreover, IL-17A-stimulated CD14+ cell fusion was distinct from the cell fusion observed in RANKL-treated cultures, which formed uniform multinucleated giant cells (Figure 2a). Cell fusion in IL-17A-treated cultures was incomplete, with cell membranes only partly coalesced together and individual cells being distinguishable (Figure 2a). The exact mechanism of IL-17A on cell fusion remains to be elucidated; however, it is noteworthy that IL-17A induces dendritic cell fusion [35]. IL-17A addition to monocyte-derived dendritic cells induced a semi-mature, mixed monocyte-macrophage-dendritic cell phenotype with cells expressing CD14, CD68, CD1a, MHC II and CCR6 and induced dendritic cell fusion. The dendritic cell fusion was characterized as less efficient and the number and size of nuclei was smaller (four to eight nuclei) when compared with the previously described M-CSF and RANKL fusion pathway [35]. We confirm the above data and show that cell fusion occurred in IL-17A-stimulated CD14+ cells cultured for 18 days, and also also show that cells contained more than 20 nuclei as evidenced by DAPI staining (Figure 1b) and that complexes of partially fused cells were as large as 60 μm (Figures 2a).
We initially reasoned that IL-17A's low-grade resorption was due to the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 [36]; however, no significant increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 message was detected (data not shown). More importantly IL-17A synergized with RANKL-treated cultures to increase bone resorption by 30% (Figure 2b, c). IL-17A could not synergize with TNF to increase osteoclastogenesis and its synergy with RANKL was blocked by OPG, further confirming the fact that it is a RANKL-mediated effect (Figure 2c). The only osteoclast-related genes (out of a panel of 60 genes) that were significantly upregulated were TRAP (data not shown), c-fms and RANK (Figure 3a).
RANKL addition to IL-17A-treated CD14+cultures showed increased bone resorption that correlated with increased RANK, as shown by flow cytometry (Figure 3b). To measure the osteoclastogenic potential of IL-17A on the c-fms and RANK receptors, we performed a quantitative TRAP assay where cells were cultured under standard concentrations of MCSF (Figure 3c, left) or RANKL (Figure 3c, right) and the addition of increasing dose of RANKL or MCSF, respectively, was tested in the presence or absence of 1 ng/ml IL-17A. Addition of IL-17A sensitized the pre-osteoclasts to both MCSF and RANKL, leading to increased osteoclastogenesis (Figure 3c).
Bone marrow macrophages from Wt mice and IL-17A-/- mice were not statistically different under homeostatic conditions and the osteoclasts that develop in in vitro cultures function normally in their ability to form multinucleated TRAP+ cells capable of actin ring formation and lacunar resorption (Figure 4). Moreover, there was no detectable modulation of physiologic bone remodelling in IL-17A-deficient mice; serum RANKL and OPG levels were similar to control mice, and no differences in cortical or trabecular bone mineral density were observed (Figure 4). These data are in agreement with previous studies where using 40 μm resolution dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed no obvious abnormality in skeletal development and bone morphometric analyses, concluding that bone resorption and formation was normal in IL-17A-/- mice [15].
Our findings confirm the in vitro observations and suggest that IL-17A has a dual effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis: firstly, IL-17A upregulates RANKL on osteoclastogenesis supporting cells; and, secondly, IL-17A upregulates RANK on pre-osteoclasts, making them hypersensitive to the RANKL signal. To the best of our knowledge the present report is the first that highlights a direct mechanism of osteoclastogenesis by IL-17A via the upregulation of RANK in osteoclast precursors.
IL-17A does not play a role in physiological bone remodelling as shown by our IL-17A-/--deficient mice studies; however, IL-17A is secreted by Th17 cells under inflammatory conditions. We have shown that IL-17A upregulates RANK in osteoclast precursors, sensitizing them to RANKL-induced bone resorption. We therefore propose IL-17A as a suitable target to combat bone loss in inflammatory arthritis and autoimmune diseases such as RA.
- F-actin:
filamentous actin
- mAb:
monoclonal antibody
macrophage colony-stimulating factor
nuclear factor
peripheral blood mononuclear cell
phosphate-buffered saline
polymerase chain reaction
rheumatoid arthritis
receptor activator of NF-κB
receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
- Th17:
T-helper type 17
tumour necrosis factor
tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- Wt:
wild type.
The authors wish to thank Dr D J Cua for critical reading of the manuscript.
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- Kirkham BW, Lassere MN, Edmonds JP, Juhasz KM, Bird PA, Lee CS, Shnier R, Portek IJ: Synovial membrane cytokine expression is predictive of joint damage progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a two-year prospective study (the DAMAGE study cohort). Arthritis Rheum. 2006, 54: 1122-1131. 10.1002/art.21749.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Nakae S, Saijo S, Horai R, Sudo K, Mori S, Iwakura Y: IL-17 production from activated T cells is required for the spontaneous development of destructive arthritis in mice deficient in IL-1 receptor antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100: 5986-5990. 10.1073/pnas.1035999100.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Lubberts E, Joosten LA, Loo van de FA, Schwarzenberger P, Kolls J, Berg van den WB: Overexpression of IL-17 in the knee joint of collagen type II immunized mice promotes collagen arthritis and aggravates joint destruction. Inflamm Res. 2002, 51: 102-104. 10.1007/BF02684010.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Artist: Cheryl Melody
- Release Date: 10/19/2004
Best Buy is dedicated to always offering the best value to our customers. We will match the price, at the time of purchase, on a Price Match Guarantee product if you find the same item at a lower price at a Designated Major Online Retailer or at a local retail competitor's store.Here's how:
- If you find a qualifying lower price online, call 1-888-BEST BUY and direct a customer service agent to the web site with the lower price, or when visiting a Best Buy store, one of our employees will assist you.
- On qualifying products, Best Buy will then verify the current price to complete the price match.
Exclusions apply including, but not limited to, Competitors' service prices, special daily or hourly sales, and items for sale Thanksgiving Day through the Monday after Thanksgiving. See the list of Designated Major Online Retailers and full details.
- Act I: Scenes 1/2: 9 Kids Like You; Kids Talk Together; Song: Mo
- Scene III: That's Life, And Baseball!
- Song: Different and the Same
- Act II: Weiling's Amazing Idea
- Song: Kids Care!
- Scene II, Act II: Brainstorming and Action Plan
- Song: Peaceful Warrior Dance
- Act III: Kids Take Action-Let's Do It!
- Song: World Peace Anthem
- Scene II, Act III: An Important Letter Is Sent
- Song: One Planet
- Scene III, Act III: An Important Letter Is Received
- Song and Narrative: The Children's Dream
- Song: Mother Earth, Father Sky (Reprise)


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3G iPhone to cost 100 euros in Spain
Following the news that the 3G iPhone could cost as little as £100 in the UK, Forbes is reporting that the next-gen version will go on sale in Spain for under 100 euros (presumably 99).
What makes this of particular significance is that the operator said to plan to sell the Apple mobile for this price point in Spain is Movistar - owned by Telefonica - also O2's parent company.
Spanish news sources are stating that the iPhone (apparently complete with video camera and GPS) will be sold in Spain at the subsidised price in exchange for "two to three years of client loyalty".
Industry experts say Apple is allowing operators to set their own pricing for the iPhone 2.0 to boost sales in order to hits its 10 million sales target for this year.
Steve Jobs is expected to unveil the second-gen, 3G iPhone at the company's WWDC08 developer event in the States next week.
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As the mother of two young children, I feel a responsibility to create a home that is free of toxins and as environmentally sustainable as possible. The challenge is, with an abundance of information that seems to be constantly shifting, it's hard to feel confident about where I should invest my time, resources, and energy. Meet Friday, a… Read more »
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A funny thing happened. I realized recently that while I strive to embrace minimalist principles, and experiment with capsule wardrobes, my brother, Max, is a real life all in minimalist. Everything he owns can fit in a single backpack. He wears a basic uniform every day. He travels often. He doesn't let stuff distract him…. Read more »
How to Shop Like A Professional Organizer
Hello, friends! I recently spent an inspiring week at Alt Summit in Palm Springs with an amazing group of professional home organizers. We talked about everything under the sun, and of course, all things organizing. One of the things many of us had noticed was that most of our clients had purchased organizing supplies and home decor… Read more »
New! Closet Makeover Workshop
Back by popular demand, it's the Closet Makeover Workshop! This one will be focused on helping you clarify and refresh your personal style as well as declutter and organize your closet like a pro. You'll Learn: * Industry tips and resources for decluttering, organizing, and styling your closet. * How to create a personal style… Read more »
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Build a bond of mutual love and respect with your dog. Dogs will love you forever if you treat them correctly. Spend time with your dog, getting to know its personality and what makes it tick. The more you really hang out with your dog the more fulfilling your life together will be.
St. Francis dogspuppies are living in foster homes. Please contact their foster parent to meet our dogs. We All Need New HomesEu sinceramente j passei por algumas furadas morando sozinho desde faltar comida at atrasar algumas contas mas nada que eu no conseguisse resolver sozinho.
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Robert Godwin
Robert Godwin has been covering the non-profit scene in Austin from the time of blue jeans and backyard barbeques to the black-tie galas of today. With over 20,000 events recorded by word and photo, Godwin leads the leagues in rubber chicken consumption. As a constant witness to the power of publicity, he now seeks to enlist a legion of assistants by sharing his knowledge of the publicity process.
Women's Fund Sails Past $1 Million in Grants
The Women's Fund of Central Texas celebrated the 10th Anniversary of "Power of the Purse." Guests filled the ballroom at the Four Seasons Hotel with excited cheers when they learned the Fund had surpassed $1 million dollars in grants. A greeting by Women's Fund Chair Jolynn Free was followed by recognition of the "First Ladies" by Donna Stockton Hicks. (First Ladies make a 5 year commitment to the Fund which provides essential stability in forward planning.) A Report Card on Women and Children was delivered by Julia Spann with Lynn Meredith providing the Keynote remarks. Lynn showed that her endless talents do indeed include public speaking with a fascinating discourse on the beneficial effects to those who give, not to mention the recipients.
Grant recipients this year: ACE: A Community for Education; American Gateways; Austin Child Guidance Center; Capital IDEA; Casa Marianella; Foster Angels of Central Texas; Green Doors; LifeWorks and Planned Parenthood. All of the grants go to programs that provide services to women and children.
Calendar of Events
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- Austin Food + Wine: Feast Under the Stars
Austin Food + Wine Festival800 W Riverside Dr, Austin, Texas 78704 Thursday, April 27, 2017, 6:30pm Join us Thursday night before the festival for our prelude event. We're rolling out the tabletops an…
- UMLAUF Garden Party: "Under a Texas Sky"
Umlauf Sculpture Garden & Museum605 Robert E. Lee RoadAustin TX 78704 Thursday, April 27, 2017, 6:30 – 9:30pm UMLAUF's Garden Party, this year on Thursday, April 27, and themed "Under a…
- 2017 Austin Food + Wine Festival
Austin Food + Wine Festival800 W Riverside Dr, Austin, Texas 78704 Friday, April 28 – Sunday, April 30, 2017 Get prepped for tastings, libations, hands-on grilling demos, and more from the world's ris…
- Stand Up for CareBOX Program
Atlassian Austin303 Colorado Street, Austin, Texas Friday, April 28, 2017, 7 – 11pm The Second Annual Stand Up for CareBOX Program event features Austin's funniest comedians, locally crafted beer…


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The place was great. Only complaint I have is the portable aircon was a little weak. I think a normal fan would have been better. But don't let that stop you. It's a good place to go with a big group. It was a nice place for the family to rest and hang out for a night. The host was accommodating and I look forward to staying in their properties in the future!Dustin2016-09-19T00:00:00Z
Miss Antonette place is superb I love every corner of her rest house. Its good for family outing. Very accurate direction given by the host. She is very helpful as well and making sure that we reach her place safely. The place is huge for the 2 of us me and my partner. The caretaker both husband and wife (ate Suzette) was very helpful. I would definitely recommend the place to my friends and I would bring my whole family to her wonderful rest house.Mauro2016-12-03T00:00:00Z
The host was very responsive while we were inquiring about the house. This is an ideal place if you want to "get away from it all", and as such, it's a bit difficult to get to. The house is huge and was more than enough for our family of 6. The caretaker was very helpful, and the people in the neighborhood were very friendly.Enrique II2016-10-15T00:00:00Z
Place was nice. Sunrise view was really pretty. Great for just hanging out with family or friends.Tatjana2016-12-21T00:00:00Z
This place is good if you want to spend time privately since the house is far way from the town (45 min - 1 hour), private transportation is a must here. Her place is suitable for large groups with a cheap price and a perfect view. The bonus when we stayed here were the fireflies at night inside the room. it was truly a cool experience to watch them before going to bed.chiara celine2016-11-19T00:00:00Z
Hermes and his brothers (Jojo and Che) were very accommodating. We had a wonderful 4-Day adventure in Davao with the help of this host. Thank you very much. We'll contact you again when we get back.Sophia2016-07-04T00:00:00Z
1. The place is far, around 30 minutes from the Samal terminal. 2. The caretaker was very accommodating. 3. It is more than spacious enough for us 7 people.Martin2016-11-18T00:00:00Z
We had an awesome time at this place, the owner was very accomodating and easy to communicate with. the house was fully furnished and had everything we needed. It was a bit far from the main area of samal and the road going to the place was rough but we loved the privacy and the beautiful view.Nikki Anne2017-03-16T00:00:00Z
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
Place was awesome and cozy and what made the stay really awesome was the hosts themselves, Artug and Mary Anne. They're literally angels. They made all the arrangements for us and helped us with everything during our stay. Bottomline, if you want peace and quiet and you just want to relax, this is where you should stay. Every cent was worth it and more.Hernan2017-01-23T00:00:00Z
Art是个典型的英国绅士,为人风趣幽默,热情善良。在他家里我们受到了家人般的照顾。他会风尘仆仆的驾车2小时来码头接我们,然后顶着烈日、一身大汗的替我们把8人的所有行李箱全部装上车顶;他会和他的妻子每天变着花样给我们做好吃的;他会看到我独自出去浮潜时,担心我的安全专程游着过来陪伴;他会阻止我们饭后去替他收拾碗碟,并告诉我们:我们是他的贵客、这些是他的工作,我们要做的就是好好的享受假期。而他的太太Marian则是一名勤劳贤惠的家庭主妇,从家里一尘不染的客厅、整洁明亮的厨房、以及精致院落中那些生机勃勃的植物就足以证明她的勤劳贤惠。而Art家里养着那只眼神会说话的小狗Bonny,也是十分友善好客。每天围着我们上蹿下跳的,给我们的旅行增添了不少乐趣。 虽然岛上的网络信号不好,每天能连上网络的时间有限,。即便如此,我们时而在阳台席地而坐,面对大海思考人生;时而为能找到信号发出朋友圈而相互庆贺;时而到海边拍照,穿着各种装束摆着各种POSE从各种角度不停的各种咔嚓,时而喝酒打牌,弹琴聊天,醉了就席地而睡或者去骚扰已经熟睡的小伙伴;时而下楼去和Art聊天。听老人讲述他自己的传奇经历。几天下来竟然也不会太寂寞。有小伙伴甚至开玩笑的说到如果将来失恋了,就到这里疗伤,那样一定能很快振作起来。。 旅途结束后,Art驾车渡船过海送我们到机场。当在机场拥抱,互说Take care的时候竟有些伤感,我们彼此也知道这一别,今生可能再难相见。但人生就是这样,我们终究逃不过有多少感动就有多少遗憾的宿命。旅行数年,每一段的旅程总是伴随着很多的感动和少许的遗憾。达沃的遗憾是没能在Art家多住些日子、再和他多聊一会。Art,你不仅让我们见识到了什么是真正的"Gentlement" 也让我们体会到了人与人之间那种真诚相处的温暖和感动。感谢你Art,如果你看到我写的,我只想说:请一定要保留好我写给你的地址和电话,有机会一定要来中国,我们再次把酒言欢,不醉不还。也希望我们临别时说的See ya,不是指后会无期,而是能再次相见(URL HIDDEN) Feb 2017 (Form Jacky)Jacky2017-02-06T00:00:00Z
Thank you sir artug for being such a great accommodating and caring host :) such a wonderful and peaceful place to stay... i love the beach front the garden and all the wonderful places nearby... thank you sir for taking good care of us all the time of our stay will definitely come back for more adventure!!! Thank you! til we met againWinston2017-02-23T00:00:00Z
Art and Ate were gracious hosts, very welcoming and accommodating. They built a comfortable modern home and the best part is the spectacular ocean view from the rooms and the balcony. A very romantic spot! Ate cooked delicious food to order at reasonable prices and fishing boats are available to rent for touring the island by water, lot's of fun. I would highly recommend this spot to anyone who wants to get away from the city to a serene secluded beach front slice of paradise. It does take about an hour to get there but it's well worth the wait! Art is a very nice man and his wife of 9 years is super sweet. Two thumbs way up! Zach from CaliforniaZach2015-12-22T00:00:00Z
Thank you very much for the warm Artug, let me stay in their home, can feel the peace of the sea, the daily breakfast is very rich. Although the road is far, but feel very worthwhile.pei yu2017-02-26T00:00:00Z
Big house with ocean view looking eastwards. Great sunrises and nice pictures. There is a coral reef right outside with nudibranches and clownfish and other typical reef life. The location is secluded so bring some stock. The little village shops sell some soft drinks, cigarettes and snacks, but the next bakery is some 3 km away. The host and his wife are warm and helpfull and we thank them for rushing to the hospital in the very early morning when our baby got ill. Thanks! There are island wide power outages on Samal of various durations. So be sure to bring some extra batteries for your equipment.Quinten & Kristine2016-12-30T00:00:00Z
Arthur and his wife were exceptionally accomodating, friendly and available for anything we needed. The house is lovely, there are small stores nearby if you need anything (but also beers/drinks/food available in-house). View was amazing, incredibly peaceful setting and there is plenty of space to hang out down by the water. Arthur's wife cooked up a fantastic (and large) dinner, with breakfast the next day. Recommended.Christian2016-03-07T00:00:00Z
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
Great experience. I highly recommend Robert's Den if you want to have a great time in Samal. Hosts are very accommodating and kind. Great view and they cook very good.Gerald2016-06-11T00:00:00Z
Robert's Den is located in a peaceful and private place in the southern Samal. Host were hospitable, friendly and very helpful. I would recommend Robert's Den to friends plan to visit Samal island.E-Nan2015-09-22T00:00:00Z
The place was very nice the host were friendly and helpful. It was perfect place for family, get together very quite and private place to stay. Made a very good friend. We would definitely come back again. David, Mitch & family England, United KingdomMetchel2015-08-07T00:00:00Z
Truly rejuvenating at Robert's Den; one of a kind in the Island Garden. Keeps you away from the crowd; city stress & noise not allowed. Robert's very insightful in conversations; on top of the warm accommodation. Thank you for taking in my family; your place is so awesome & cozy!Jayson2016-04-17T00:00:00Z
Quite good communication and very friendly welcome. It was very helpful to be offered breakfast and dinner "in-house" and cooked by the landlady at very reasonable prices as there are no restaurants in the vicinity !! Thanks for the time !Alex2016-08-20T00:00:00Z
My family and I had a great time at Robert's den. It was peaceful, private and had a breathtaking view of the beach. Basic amenities were provided and clean, we were also able to grill and do snorkeling. Overall it was a fun and relaxing weekend and Robert was very helpful and attentive to our needs and requests. It was around a 45 minute drive coming from the dock and expect about a 25minute paved but uncemented road going there though, but well worth the travel. We will definitely go back :)Janice2016-04-06T00:00:00Z
Staying in Sir Robert's place is a great experience! Their hospitality is awesome! They give you enough space so you can enjoy the peace and quiet of the place. But when you need them, they are there right away! Sir Robert is very efficient as well, when we needed a ride, he was always early and would give us tips on what to do and what to enjoy while staying in Samal and Davao. Their food is good and comes with a reasonable price! You can even buy your own food and cook it there, but then again, we like being pampered by Sir Robert and Joyce. Tip: If you're traveling as a group, better hire Sir Robert to drive you to different locations since the rough road can be mess! I tell you, it's more convenient! Thank you sir for taking us in! Til next time! ^_^Ana Lou2016-09-03T00:00:00Z
The host was very accommodating and helpful. He accompanied us to the market to buy food that we can cook ourselves and helped us find our mode of transport all through out the island. It was thoughtful of them to heat water every morning since their bathroom doesn't have water heater yet.Darmie2015-12-28T00:00:00Z
Island garden city of samal, Davao, ฟิลิปปินส์
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
The stay at Michael place was great! They picked us up at the ferry to makes things easy. The room was nice with plenty of fans and air conditioner. When ever we needed anything Lyn and staff was there to help. The food was great and always fresh. Only suggest having snacks for guest easily accessible. While there my wife and I toured a near by Island which the staff coordinated and came alone to ensure everything was good. They have trusted people to provide transportation if you needed it. I requested to do a surprise dinner for my wife in the Gazebo, turned out more than I expected. Overall it was a great stay and would recommend others to check it out.Jason2016-07-10T00:00:00Z
Rent a bike if you go but it's a great place with great people family nowMervin2017-02-01T00:00:00Z
Five stars across the board. Beautiful, remote location, great service and food, clean room - highly recommended!Manuel2016-10-02T00:00:00Z
Mike's place was very cozy and clean! His secretary Lyn was so kind and cooked very well. I love it! I had a wonderful stay in Samal!Pamela2016-08-08T00:00:00Z
Going to Michael's place is a long tricycle ride on unpaved, rocky road. I hope it gets cemented soon.Michael is a great host.He goes out of his way to make our stay perfect. When we decided to lounge around his nipa hut by the sea,he provided music, wine and two very sweet, attentive ladies that would answer for every beck and call. The room is of a good size and clean. But wifi is a problem...we had to stay upstairs in his veranda to get good communication. I and my friend got feasted on by a lot of insects. Mosquitoes though seems to abound in Davao and Samal the time I came. Also, a huge group of swimmers suddenly invaded Michael's private swimming area the second time we wanted to take a dip and totally spoiled our swimming plan.:( When I mentioned I want a place to stay more permanently...he drove us around to check out 3 apartments free of charge. Meals are always well prepared and delicious!He would check on what we want to eat and dispatched the girls to find the ingredients and even accompanying them. Thanks, Michael!Charry2016-05-24T00:00:00Z
had a lovely stay.. nice location opposite ligid island and wonderful hospital hosts. Michael is warm and friendly.. and the girls are lovely...Lyn is a fabulous cook! look forward to coming back guys!Graham2016-06-20T00:00:00Z
This was my second visit to Mike's place. I loved staying there the first time and was excited to return. The girls working there were awesome (as always). The view is great. Had a lot of time to chat with Mike to learn new things about living in the Philippines. So happy I stayed here and am already planning my next trip to visit them again!John2017-03-31T00:00:00Z
I go on regular solo trips just because I do need my quiet time and I detest crowds so much that I make sure I get exactly the kind of solitude I need. I like going off the beaten track and therefore do not see myself as a tourist as I do a traveller. I like immersing myself in local culture--no matter how short my stay will be. So if this is what you are looking for and you don't mind riding a motorcycle on some dirt road for something like 30 minutes (I loved it!), and if you love the sea and communing with nature, I would recommend Mike's place(URL HIDDEN)was warmly welcomed by Lyn and Jen---after an exhilarating motorcycle ride with Toto where I saw so much more of Samal Island than if I had stayed in the more popular resorts. Toto, Lyn and Jen were all so helpful, courteous, warm to me. Lyn cooked for me the kind of food I wanted--simple, honest local fare and it was sooooo good. I even asked for durian and they got me a whole fruit. The shoreline in front of the property has hardly any sand -- is rocky and ouchy to the feet but it is a great place for hanging out and just gazing into the open sea because there is a gazebo. I kayaked alone and it was supposed to be for just an hour but I got swept away by strong currents and came back 5 hours later. So don't kayak solo and bring a phone and water. (Kayak is free and so is the life vest :)) I suppose I should have been scared in the 5 hours I was off course but the truth is it was so beautiful where I was. I came to Samal for some sea, some solitude and some silence. I got it in spades. I am happy. I hope I get to bring my husband and kids and our dogs here. It is that kind of place. The room was so clean and the bed so comfy--plush pillows and there was no need for airconditioning--although there is one (you would need to pay extra for this, I think). And the bathroom was spacious and clean. The towels were clean as well. And I had a lot of fun talking to Mike and the girls--even though Mike is an avowed Republican and I happen to adore Barack Obama. This is why I love AirBnB-- you get to meet some really interesting people and you feel like the world is a friendly place and that there is room for all of us--whatever our political and religious beliefs may be. Thanks Mike, Jen, Lyn and Toto. I got what I came there for. Best of luck to you guys!Lorraine 2016-11-02T00:00:00Z
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
I just stayed with my Davao gf, so it would be unfair to compare daily price with other places offered really only for two persons. Place is nice and, even you have no air con or fan, because of the location in the night its cool enough for a relaxing sleep. Toilet in the sleeping room, but shower and kitchen (including fridge) are downstairs, seperated from the house, so you have to go down from the bedroom in second or third floor down to the ground. "Kitchen" is more a kind of barbecue area with a gas cooker. So it is a little bit camping feeling. Very small and shallow Pool might be good for a child, but nothing for adult. Like it or not: Place is really far away from the ferry landing stage or anything. No shops, no restaurants, no beaches. You have to bring everything with and need a means of transport. So normally going as a co-driver on a moped, but to call one might sometimes difficult because of bad mobile connections. Dont expect any taxis!Rolf2016-10-08T00:00:00Z
Wir kamen zu zweit und blieben eine Woche. Für den Zweck, Ruhe in der Natur zu genießen, eignet sich diese Unterkunft perfekt. Am Abend ist der Himmel sternenklar, am Morgen strahlt das Sonnenlicht durch Palmenblätter. Wir haben viel Zeit mit Lesen in den Hängematten, Baden im Pool, Erkunden von Buchten und BBQ verbracht. Der ATV des Gastgebers, der prompt auch noch eine sympathische Fahrstunde gab, wurde zu Ausflügen zu nahe gelegenen Geschäften genutzt und bescherte unvergessliche Outback-Erlebnisse. Der Gastgeber, zufällig Deutscher wie ich auch, gab sich sehr hilfsbereit, kommunikativ und flexibel. Es hat toll gepasst, wir danken sehr für den Aufenthalt, und sind sicher nicht zum letzten Mal da gewesen - beim nächsten Mal kommen wir mit mehr Leuten für kleinere BBQ-Feste, Platz ist genug!Diana2016-08-02T00:00:00Z
The farmhouse is practically a treehouse in the middle of Samal within Mari and Tobias' property. Very lush and green! They are very friendly and helpful and their kids are absolutely adorable. I would highly suggest to have your own car or motorbike for travellers who want to explore the island because the place is secluded. Perfect for a big group!Marie2016-12-27T00:00:00Z
My wife and I are very happy to be first to stay in Tobias's Tower-Farmhouse; it's really quite an exotic, appealing diamond in the rough experience! Although the description requires a bit more details, and for first-timers, there're a few small issues to workout (like all big properties), know for sure that the four-story Tower Farmhouse, off the beaten-track near the southern tip of the island of Samal is a perfect destination for those looking for adventure and solitude. The location was not very easy to find (it's 30+ km) from Samal Island Wharf, and the cell phones do not work in their neck of the woods (literally jungle), so when we arrived at their place and saw a sign "beware of dogs" on an 8-foot high black corrugated roof barrier to their property, we were a bit apprehensive at first. But when we were greeted by the warm-hearted and bright caretaker Marie, we calmed way down. And it's nice to know that the dogs are not running free on the whole property but stay within the confines of the fenced in area around Tobias's main-house (just a stone's throw away from Tower House). After a smooth check-in we discovered the property to be a beautiful tropical gem, replete with hammocks, semi-outdoor cooking and dining area, and a small pool for cooling off. The tower house has a wonderful tanned wooden construction, and handmade furnishing making it a kind of Robinson Crusoe setting, which add to the picturesque and rustic tropical farm setting. They also have amazing farm fresh delights for sale including honey and the most delectable turkey we've had in Asia (we've been living in China for 8 years & have turkey every Thanksgiving and Christmas). Nearby they have an apiary, and a rafter of free-range turkeys! Tobias cut us a deal on 1 bird, and we later turned it into Lechon Pavo and it was so juicy, tenderlicious, & finger-licking good! We think that this destination is the perfect spot on the island for small to medium sized group retreat, for a church group, family, teac, etc. The beach, a literal 30+ minute trek, or a 15-20 minute 4WD ride (as the road only gets bulldozed on fiestas) was worth it! We had a little Honda-Fit, so we had to arrange habal-habal motorbike rides (for about 300 roundtrip/bike) to the nearest beach on the south-eastern coast of the island. If we come back (which we really may, we'll come by SUV). Tips for guests: Approach & return via roads to Kaputian as they are much more passable then roads on the eastern side. Note: the circumferential road is far from AT's. Reception is better in the tower than below, (globe worked for texts, but not always data, smart was better). Online communication with them requires patience. Prepare by discussing your itenerary/needs w/Tobias, explaining clearly to avoid being ill prepared. We welcome AT to the Airbnb community, sincerely hoping future guests will enjoy Tower-Farmhouse for many years to...Clark2015-07-26T00:00:00Z
Our trip to the Tower-Farmhouse was fantastic. There were more amenities than I expected, which was perfect for our large group including six children. The property is secure and our hosts were always available to assist. We stayed for three nights, but would have been happy to have based ourselves there for our entire visit. There is an ATV available, but since there were many of us we opted to use local "hubble-hubble" motorcycles to get back and forth to the beaches. We purchased a live turkey from the hosts and prepared it for a wonderful family feast with kind guidance and extra cooking tools. The hosts also kindly let us take fresh coconuts from the trees, and we were lucky enough to have a family member skilled in climbing the palms. The pool was cleaned on daily basis - and was wonderful for the children. The rooms are large and we'll ventilated and were able to accommodate six of us and the children. We used extra bedding supplied by host at a reasonable charge, which was communicated and agreed ahead of time. We had fairly good mobile phone coverage, but no wi-fi and we didn't try the local data services. It was a very nice break from the world - and a lovely setting to enjoy family and friends. Upon arriving to Samal Island we had to ask around to find a driver who knew the place - but as soon as they worked out the location was near Sion (pronounced "shawn") then everything fell into place. In deciding to book this venue we were discussing whether to camp or to stay at one of the resorts - but we're extremely lucky to have found this truly unique experience which suited everyone. The staircase is a little steep, as expected, but was very sturdy and netted, so quite safe. Also there are both gas and wood fire cooking facilities. There is small daily charge for gas which is extremely reasonable. We brought most of our food - and made good use of the refrigerator and cooking amenities. There were total of three bathrooms, one shower and one additional child sized toilet - which was a very thoughtful touch. An extra mosquito net was provided - there were mosquitoes, but not nearly as bad as I expected. The hosts also have back-up power generator, used on our last night. Apparently power outrages on Samal Island are common. I hope to have an opportunity to stay at this venue again. It was unique outdoor adventure, and we will all treasure the memories of our stay in the marvellous tree house.Michelle2016-08-11T00:00:00Z
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
we love the quite place... just the right spot to getaway from the hussle of city... bring insect repelant though since this there will be mosquitoes... great spot for snorkling too.. be very carefull thougb be because the reef has stonefish. i spotted a couple.Eman2016-08-07T00:00:00Z
Ate Gi's place was perfect for what we needed - away from the city, great view and relaxing atmosphere! Everything described in the info is accurate. The beach right in the front yard is perfect from sunrise to sunset - awesome snorkelling during the day and bonfireat night! We personally didn't meet ate Regina during our stay but she kept a close contact with the staff and made sure we were attended to and provided with the best service. She was very easy to talk to - I also booked tours and transportation - communication was easy and I was able to reach her for emergencies. I definitely recommend and have recommended Seal Shack to family and friends. Thank you po, ate GeneRose!Kylie2016-01-24T00:00:00Z
We stayed here for 3 nights. The host was very helpful and she made sure we were comfortable. She even had us picked up from Davao City and set up a tent for the kids. The caretakers were very helpful and polite. They brought us fresh seafood and cooked our meals. We loved that this resort is close to the marine sanctuary and they had snorkeling gears and life vest ready if you want to see the beautiful corals and fishes. They also have several hammocks where you can relax while enjoying the sea breeze. The rooms are open and the windows don't have screen but they are ready with mosquito nets. If you're looking to stay in a laid back island life, this is for you. We would love to come back here someday with friends.Sining2016-03-29T00:00:00Z
Miss Regina's home is a real gem hidden away from the tourist areas in Samal. We were all impressed by the big homey bahay kubo, which looked way better than the pictures. We arrived late at around 8 or 9 in the evening, but we were still greeted with a warm welcome and complementary fruits by the caretakers. The hammock and daybed on the first floor instantly called to us. On the second floor, the balcony was just as cozy with banig, pillows on the floor, and board games. The rooms were complete with towels, mosquito nets, extension cord, and electric mosquito killers. The kitchen is complete with a fridge, plates, utensils, LPG, etc. You may request for a barbeque grill to be brought right by the house like we did. The caretakers cleaned the house everyday and the night time guard was always around. There is a nearby sari-sari store or local convenience store where the beer and cigarettes are sold at regular prices. We were a big group but everyone had a great time. Even the small children had fun lazing around and playing with the waves. The place is right by a marine protected area so you don't have to go too far into the water to see fish and live corals. The real kicker were the free snorkels and vests. The entire place is one of those spots where time either seems to stop or go by real slowly. It is quiet yet charming. It is beautiful but natural. It felt just like a home away from home.Langga2015-12-29T00:00:00Z
The place is AWESOME! definitely for those wanting some peace and quiet - a beachside villa with spectacular sunset would do the trick. The rooms were as described - simple, clean, comfortable. There were hammocks beside the shore if you wanted to chill and drink coffee in the morning. For a February, it wasn't hot at all due to the sea breeze coming in. Occasionally had brownouts and water interruptions but that was for the whole davao and samal island, and not just the place. It wasn't a problem for us at all. The helpers were charming (free welcome iced coffee and fruits!) and extremely helpful. (thanks, manang Normy and Ellen!) After breakfast, we'd walk right to the shore, put on the free snorkeling gear, and swim out to the reef that was surprisingly alive. They have two "resident" pawikans that you'll see often. There's a palengke nearby where you can buy meat/fish, just make sure to some basic groceries first in davao city before heading out to samal. Overall, would recommend this place (and only this place!) to anyone wanting to catch a break from Manila traffic. 5 stars! Thanks Ma'am Regina!aoo2016-02-29T00:00:00Z
I had a great time with my family. The place is awesome and very homey. The caretakers are very kind and accommodating. Best snorkeling experience, the corals and fishes are all pretty. We hope to visit this place again in the future :)Maiden2015-08-30T00:00:00Z
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
Haydee was a great host and very conscientious to ensure that we had a pleasant stay at her home. We were a group of 15 and her home was spacious to accommodate our group and more. We loved having access to karaoke and the pool. We requested breakfast to be served both mornings if possible and it was only a nominal fee. I would recommend her home to other families looking for a home on the island, while also having access to explore other places on Samal. Thank you Haydee!Brianna2017-03-02T00:00:00Z
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
The place I got was different from what I booked. I got a better one. A little studio like bamboo house. Front had a bamboo gazebo and the back had a veranda, both you can chill in. The place is very clean which is a must for me. I didn't use netting to sleep as i found no mosquitoes inside however be very careful placing sweet stuff as that will invite ants. The bamboo house stays cool during the day, so even if it's super hot out, inside stays cool. I love the place, it's so adorable. I love coming home to it, it's so lovely that it puts a smile on my face each time I see it. The area is super safe for foreigners plus a police officer is living across from the house so I felt even safer. Darrick was quite responsive. I asked for a rice cooker and he got one for me immediately. He also picked me up from the ferry so I would know where I was going. Very nice host. I love Kaputian. The beautiful white sandy beach is only less than 10 minute walk and you will pass the town on your way. There's a fruit stand steps from your door, a lovely couple owns it. Fruits are abundance, always fresh. The owner Jean is a wonderful person, don't be afraid to ask her to show you around town as well. If you need a pedi cab to drive you around Samal Island, ask Jean to introduce you to Don Don who can show you the attractions. The price is very good. The town itself is very safe. The locals are very friendly and very accommodating. I am planning to come back as my 1 week stay surely wasn't enough! Thank you Darrick for letting me stay at your lovely place.Michelle2017-01-12T00:00:00Z
If you want to experience the province life while still having a wifi, then this place is for you. The people were nice, and the place was quiet. We had some unexpected guests (spiders and toko) but overall we had a great time.Jane Kathryn2016-08-16T00:00:00Z
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
Michael is fantastic. I had several things I needed help with and Michael helped with them all. He's a great host and the location is great being next to the mall, ample inexpensive transportation, and a short drive to the airport!Matthew2016-12-29T00:00:00Z
Great experience! Mike is a great host, his secretary Jen is a (much prettier) host/cook/tour guide... Plenty to do, much to see. Keep in mind this place is rural so the city party life is in Davao and the tricycle ride back is long and uncomfortable (for anyone over 5'5" anyway)... Michael's place gets my highest recommendation.Bobby2017-02-21T00:00:00Z
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
Davao , Davao del sur, ฟิลิปปินส์
It was a very pleasant stay. Nice place and the host is very helpful.Lovina2016-03-11T00:00:00Z
On the host, Ms. Anabelle is very accomodating and friendly. She's really flexible and adjust on our time. On the house, hannah's crib is very clean, well maintain and with complete amenities. We feel at home during our stay. on the location, it is 30 minutes from airport, 1 hour from airport, and 1 hour and 30 minutes from the downtown.Kathleen2016-01-17T00:00:00Z
Thank you for this nice stay. Loving the house and a very special thank you Anabel for your kindness and help through out our stay. It really makes life so much simpler. Basically no problems despite the tv for a couple of days, the water system failure for one day and the missing emergency light when the power goes off once a day. Few Candles and a lighter ? Definitely a place to come back to. Thanks for making that stay so wonderful.Xavier2016-03-02T00:00:00Z
Very spacious and clean. Good for our group of 3. Our hosts were very accommodating. Tibungco is a bit far from downtown but it's easy to travel.Chelsea2016-07-10T00:00:00Z
We had a wonderfull time at Mels Crib. The host made us very welcome and was very helpfull all the time. A wonderfull apartment with everything you need. Very nice neighbourhood with nice people. Many stores and malls 5 minutes walk.Bjorn2015-11-04T00:00:00Z
Greeted by the family on arrival and settled in to what felt like a second home , convenient location away from down town Davao city but with a good mall nearby supplying everything you could need. The host family on site made for a great source of local knowledge . I was made to feel like part of the family which for some one on their first trip to the Philippines was a great start to my visit. Thank you !Terry2016-11-09T00:00:00Z
If you want a place to rest comfortably in Davao after going around the city, Samal Island, and other tourist spots, Hannah's Crib is a nice spacious place to stay.Jeremiah John2017-03-28T00:00:00Z
The moment we stepped inside Ms Mel's place, we felt (EMAIL HIDDEN)plete facilities, comfortable place to sleep in, and the place having a centralized cooling system was a nice surprise! :) it's less than an hour away fron the airport and very easy to find, thanks to Ms Mel's complete instructions on how to get there. Ms Ann has been very accomodating all throughout our stay. And her kids are very cute hehe! Unrelated but i just had to mention :)) thank you for our pleasant stay!Kristine2016-06-28T00:00:00Z
ดาเวาซิตี้, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
Ideal for big groups esp those who are attending seminars, students taking board exams, etc. Just bring your own toiletries and towels and theres electric fan provided in every room. The host relatives who gave me keys are nice people.Ruby2017-03-25T00:00:00Z
Over all we had a good time staying at Kotch's place. It was easy to find and the care taker was accessible. Rooms are as what the description says. Aside from the odor of the newly painted walls that was still there when we were there. I hope when i get back to davao it will be finished. I'd stay here again.Jhoojhu2017-03-27T00:00:00Z
ดาเวาซิตี้, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
The house is nice and spacious. The host is super friendly and helpful. Not too many taxi drivers recognized the name of the subdivision, so be very attentive to where the house is, because even if you have the address, it is still hard to locate. The extra person charge was not disclosed by the host on the website. Not until we got to the place that we were told about it. It would be nice if we have known before the reservation so we could plan accordingly. Otherwise, all over experienced was pretty good. I would love to stay again in this house.Amy2015-06-19T00:00:00Z
The place was clean, modern and fully equipped. It was nice to have a home away from home and that's just how we felt! Jose was welcoming and friendly and responded to our questions promply. The neighborhood is quiet and clean with local shops right around the corner. I would recommend this place to anyone who is contemplating a trip to Davao.Steven2016-08-09T00:00:00Z
The place was very accessible.Mary Ann2016-11-29T00:00:00Z
It is located in a quite neighborhood typical of subdivisions in the Philippines.Emma2016-04-17T00:00:00Z
Our experience with this place was really great! it is indeed a home away from home. We were met by his brother upon arrival who was really accommodating and was even willing to accompany us to USEP so we could be familiar with the route. Jomar and his mom were really nice and easy to deal with. They made our stay really comfortable! And we were also able to use the village's basketball court. An ace for that! Highly recommended!Mary Anne 2015-04-28T00:00:00Z
Nice place. Big enough to accomodate big group. Friendly neighborhood. The unit looks exactly like that of the photos and is close to malls. We had fun.ALMIRA2015-04-13T00:00:00Z
Very big and nice house in a quiet neighbourhood. The place to stay if you are a big family looking for a pleasant stay in davao. A good deal!Jérémy2014-12-27T00:00:00Z
The host was very kind and accommodating.Sheia Gail2016-11-26T00:00:00Z
ดาเวาซิตี้, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
ดาเวาซิตี้, Davao Region, ฟิลิปปินส์
I had the pleasure to stay at Geia's place for 19 nights and I have nothing to say except good words! It is my first time to book an airbnb and it didn't disappoint. First and foremost, I am a local and I know the city well. Secondly, the purpose of my stay is a bit personal as I was recuperating from stress at work and in life generally. When Geia's mom and dad knew this, they we're supportive and non-judgemental which had contributed to my well-being. They gave me the space and time to be alone but comfortable enough not to feel isolated. Indeed, I felt really at home at their place as I was not treated differently from the rest of the family and the household. Their family embodied the true sense of Filipino hospitality as they went above and beyond of what I expected from an airbnb host. They would invite me to join them for coffee or tea as well as meals when I am around which I really find going beyond an extra mile from my expectation of a self-catering accommodation. They are also considerate enough to lend me some amenities that are not listed, just feel free to ask if you need anything. On the other hand, their household staff are able to assist me with directions as I have forgotten some jeepney routes as well as hailing a cab outside when the lines are busy. There was also an instance where Geia was kind enough to offer me a lift when I was heading out to a nearby salon. Moreover, they have been considerate enough to let my brothers in whenever I need a hand with my stuffs as I was mostly out with my family. Over-all it was a very pleasant and comfortable experience and I would highly recommend their place if you want to feel at home and safe during your stay!Marieza Carmina2017-02-11T00:00:00Z
Geia and her family were very hospitable and accomodating. We could always rely on Geia's quick response to any queries or concerns we had before or during our stay. The room and ensuit bathroom were clean and decorated with love, just as the common rooms in the house. The bed is comfortable and just big enough for a couple. Fresh towels were provided on request and their friendly though not English-speaking staff was even so nice to wash our clothes. We stood four nights at this lovely and quiet place and were lucky to even spend some quality time with Geia, her brother, parents and cute dogs. They even took us to their idyllic and peaceful private ressort on the neighbouring Island Samal for some canoeing and beach bumming. We could not have chosen a better place to stay for our vacation in Davao.Medelyn2016-12-27T00:00:00Z
great host, the place is a value for money. We loved the place. We'll book again soonishtar2017-03-27T00:00:00Z
Our 2-night stay at Geia's place was great! The room and the bathroom were clean and decorated nicely. The bed fit two people comfortably and the bathroom had fresh towerls, shampoo and toothpaste just like a hotel would have. Her family was very accommodating and Geia was quick to answer any queries we had. Her place was dab smack in the middle of Davao City, and was very close to the malls and other establishments. It's located in a safe neighborhood and isn't difficult to locate. I'd definitely stay at Geia's place again.Katrina Nicole2017-02-25T00:00:00Z
Great value! Geia and her family are fantastic!Ray2017-01-16T00:00:00Z
Geia's house is well located in the center of Davao city. Beautiful house and the guest room is so nice just like home, totally beyond expectation. Geia and her family have been amazing hosts . Awsome people, easy to communicate, friend material, great recommendations and advice for our trip.It is pleasure staying with them. Highly recommended. Definitely we will choose Geia'place again.David2017-01-23T00:00:00Z
ดาเวาซิตี้, Davao del Sur, ฟิลิปปินส์


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