text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 3, 2009
|Filing date
|Oct 31, 2007
|Priority date
|Oct 9, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Mark S. Olsson, Ray Merewether, David A. Cox, Michael J. Martin, Bradley D. Barnicoat, Thomas R. Kolb, Randall P. Hilton
|Original Assignee
|Seektech, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (37), Non-Patent Citations (21), Referenced by (26), Classifications (6), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is indirectly a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/268,641, filed Oct. 9, 2002, entitled "OMNIDIRECTIONAL SONDE AND LINE LOCATOR," now U.S. Pat. No. 7,009,399. This application is directly a continuation of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/242,750 filed Oct. 4, 2005, which is a continuation of the aforementioned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/268,641.
The present invention relates to electronic systems and methods for locating buried or otherwise inaccessible pipes and other conduits, as well as cables, conductors and inserted transmitters, by detecting an electromagnetic signal emitted by these buried objects.
There are many situations where is it desirable to locate buried utilities such as pipes and cables. For example, prior to starting any new construction that involves excavation it is important to locate existing underground utilities such as underground power lines, gas lines, phone lines, fiber optic cable conduits, CATV cables, sprinkler control wiring, water pipes, sewer pipes, etc., collectively and individually referred to herein with the term "objects." As used herein the term "buried" refers not onlyto objects below the surface of the ground, but in addition, to objects located inside walls, between floors in multi-story buildings or cast into concrete slabs, etc. If a back hoe or other excavation equipment hits a high voltage line or a gas line, serious injury and property damage can result. Severing water mains and sewer lines leads to messy cleanups. The destruction of power and data cables can seriously disrupt the comfort and convenience of residents and cost businesses huge financial losses.
Buried objects can be located by sensing an electromagnetic signal emitted by the same. Some cables such as power lines are already energized and emit their own long cylindrical electromagnetic field. Other conductive lines need to be energized with an outside electrical source having a frequency typically in a range of approximately 50 Hz to 500 kHz in order to be located. Location of buried long conductors is often referred to as "line tracing."
A sonde (also called a transmitter, beacon or duct probe) typically includes a coil of wire wrapped around a ferromagnetic core. The coil is energized with a standard electrical source at a desired frequency, typically in a range of approximately 50 Hz to 500 kHz. The sonde can be attached to a push cable or line or it may be self-contained so that it can be flushed. A sonde generates a more complex electromagnetic field than that produced by an energized line. However, a sonde can be localized to a single point. A typical low frequency sonde does not strongly couple to other objects and thereby produce complex interfering fields that can occur during tracing. The term "objects" as used herein also includes sondes and marker balls.
Besides locating buried objects prior to excavation, it is further desirable to be able to determine their depth. This is generally done by measuring the difference in field strength at two locations.
The prior art includes many battery powered portable sonde and line locators that employ antennas to sense an electromagnetic signal emitted by buried objects and indicate their location via audible tones and displays. Those that have been commercialized have been difficult to use primarily because they are extremely sensitive to the orientation of their antennas relative to the buried object. With commercially available sonde and line locators it is possible to have signal strength go up as the operator moves farther away from the buried object. Thus these locators can indicate a peak, then a null and then a smaller peak. This can confuse the operator, especially if he or she interprets a smaller peak as the buried object. Users of sonde and line locators refer to the smaller peak as a ghost or a false peak.
Conventional battery powered portable sonde and line locators have also suffered from user interfaces that are cumbersome to use, inflexible and/or limited in their ability to convey useful information. They typically have a small array of labeled push buttons and a display that is primarily dedicated to indicating numerical values in a manner that is not easy for the operator to interpret. Only a small number of commands can be executed in conventional sonde and line locators and the information is not displayed in a manner that intuitively indicates to the operator how close he or she is getting to the buried object.
It is therefore the primary object of the present invention to provide a portable sonde and line locator that is easier to use.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved method for locating a buried object by sensing an electromagnetic signal emitted by the buried object.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a portable sonde and line locator with an improved graphical user interface (GUI).
According to the present invention, an omidirectional manually portable system is provided for locating a buried object using an electromagnetic signal emitted by the buried object. The system includes at least one antenna array including three substantially mutually orthogonal antennas each sharing a common center point. The system further includes a housing connected to and supporting the antenna array. A circuit at least partially mounted in the housing is connected to the antennas in the array for sensing an electromagnetic signal emitted from a buried object and determining a location of the buried object by measuring signal strength and field angles in three dimensions.
The present invention also provides a method of locating a buried object using an electromagnetic signal emitted by the buried object that includes the step of traversing a topside area beneath which an object emitting an electromagnetic signal is buried with at least one antenna array including three substantially mutually orthogonal antennas. The method further includes the step of sensing the electromagnetic signal emitted by the buried object with the one array. The method also includes the step of determining a location of the buried object based on the sensed electromagnetic signal without having to align the antenna array relative to the buried object while eliminating nulls and false peaks.
The present invention also provides a portable sonde and line locator with an improved graphical user interface (GUI) which includes a SEARCH view in which sensed electromagnetic signal strength can be represented digitally, but also in analog fashion. In the SEARCH view the display shows a signal strength indicator that moves in a non-linear manner in a first direction in proportion to increasing electromagnetic signal sensed by an antenna array and in a second direction in proportion to decreasing electromagnetic signal sensed by the antenna array. The signal strength indicator can rotate around a track pattern that has an octagonal shape, for example, and a numerical value of the electromagnetic signal sensed by the antenna array can be indicated in a central region of the track pattern. The GUI also includes a trace mode MAP view in which sensed electromagnetic radiation from a pipe or line is shown on the display as a graphic line that moves on the display, side-to-side for example, in order to represent the location of the antenna array relative to the buried line. The GUI also includes a sonde mode MAP view in which sensed electromagnetic signal from a sonde or other transmitter is shown on the display as a sonde axis and at least one pole that move on the display to represent a location of the antenna array relative to the buried sonde. In the sonde mode MAP view the display can further indicate an equator in conjunction with the sonde axis and pole. The display can further indicate a zoom ring when the antenna array is close to a pole, the zoom ring representing a magnified search area near the pole. In both the SEARCH and MAP views the GUI can also show a representation of a globe in which the measured field angle is indicated as being located on the pole if it is at ninety degrees and indicated as being on the equator if it is at zero degrees.
Referring to
Circuit means illustrated in
Each of the two antenna arrays, such as the lower antenna array 44 (
The circular antennas of each of the arrays 44 and 46 are nested and positioned such that an angle subtended between the axis of the elongate member 34 and each of the circular antennas is substantially identical. In the preferred embodiment this angle is approximately thirty-five degrees. The mandrels, such as 52 b, of each of the innermost circular antennas have inner curved surfaces that engage the exterior round surface of the elongate member 34. The innermost mandrels may be keyed or otherwise secured in predetermined vertically spaced positions along the Aluminum tube that forms the elongate member 34. The outer two mandrels of the antenna arrays 44 and 46 interlock with each other and with the innermost mandrels.
The lower and upper sensor balls 36 and 38 (
A main digital circuit board 90 sends a single local oscillator (LO) output signal to the analog board 80 and receives amplified and filtered signals from the antenna coils of the lower and upper antenna arrays 44 and 46. The digital circuit 90 board includes a digital signal processing (DSP) module 92 and an A/D module 94. The DSP module 92 includes digital signal processing circuits, RAM and input/output control circuits that allow the DSP module 92 to process information from the A/D module 94, configure system settings and enable visible and audible indications of location and related data to be indicated to the operator. A flash memory and programmable logic device (PLD) portion 96 of the digital board 90 provide system programming, input/out and control logic and LCD driver functions.
The display 48 (
A membrane-type keypad 106 (
A power supply 116 on the power board 102 receives power from four alkaline C batteries 118 and converts it to provide all of the required voltages in the system circuitry. For batteries other than alkaline batteries, the operator uses the keypad 106 and display 48 to set the type of batteries using a SET UP menu under BATTERY TYPE. This allows the system to correctly monitor battery status and advise when power is LOW and the batteries 118 need to be re-charged or replaced. The power supply 116 also provides linear power to the keypad processor 108 for power management when the system is turned OFF. The system 30 can be configured to turn OFF if no commands have been activated or no motion detected (via optional accelerometer) after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. It can also provide a visual and/or audible warning in advance of this automatic shut down and allow the user to interrupt the power down sequence. The automatic power down feature saves battery power.
A power processor circuit 120 (
The preferred embodiment 30 of the sonde and line locator system of the present invention utilizes a graphic user interface (GUI) in the form of words, numerical data, menus, symbols and icons to indicate data and location information on the display 48 (
Event sounds include:
Slot Machine
Slot machine
Depth Avg & Hold
Ding - Success
Depth Avg & Hold
Buzz - Failure
Key Press
Low Battery
Power Down
Chime Sequence
Greeting (spoken)
A repeating scale audio tone is used to expand the sensitivity of the system 30 to small changes in sensed and visually indicated electromagnetic signal amplitude. The audio tone can cycle from low to high or high to low in conjunction with numerical values indicated on the display 48. Hysterisis is built into the tonal switch portion of the audio amplifier and switching module 122 (
Referring to
Referring again to
The preferred embodiment 30 of the sonde and line locator system of the present invention uses the multi-directional antenna arrays 44 and 46 (
The preferred embodiment 30 offers the following advantages over conventional sonde and line locators. First, the sensed electromagnetic signal always gets stronger as the operator carrying the preferred embodiment 30 gets closer to the buried object. Second, nulls and false ("ghost") peaks are eliminated. With conventional locators, it is possible to have signal strength go up as the operator moves away from the buried object. A conventional locator "sees" a larger peak, then a null, and then a smaller peak. This can confuse the operator especially if he or she interprets a smaller peak (known as a ghost or false peak) as the buried object. Third, the orientation of the preferred embodiment 30 relative to the buried object does not have any effect on sensed signal strength. The operator can approach from any angle with the preferred embodiment 30 held in any orientation and he or she need not know the lie of the pipe or wire. Conventional sonde and line locators must be orientated in a specific manner to locate a sonde or trace a line once the initial signal has been picked up. Fourth, the preferred embodiment 30 facilitates the solution of difficult location tasks by indicating graphical map views and angle indicators on the display 48 to help interpret electromagnetic signal characteristics.
Each of the three modes of operation of the preferred embodiment (sonde mode, line trace mode and AC line trace mode) has two views that can be indicated on the display 48, namely, a SEARCH view and a MAP view. The SEARCH view emphasizes locating based on signal strength and it is the default view for the sonde mode. The MAP view emphasizes locating based on field angles and is the default view for the line trace and AC line trace modes.
Referring to
The octagonal pattern 174 (
Referring to
Referring to
The GUI of the system 30 can also display lines as described above in different colors or labeled in a different way for each of the two antenna arrays 44 and 46. The GUI of the system 30 can also display poles 188 and the equator 186 when locating a buried object with dipole field, e.g. a sonde. The graphical display can be configured as a radar scope type display screen where a "pole" is displayed in the center of the screen if the field is vertical (ninety degrees) and then proportionally offset from the center of the display screen depending upon the direction and the degree of tilt of the field, either with respect to the system 30 itself or with respect to a vertically corrected orientation if a gravity sensor is incorporated into the system.
Referring to
The system 30 measures depth by comparing the strength of the signal detected by the lower antenna array 44 to that detected by the upper antenna array 46. The system 30 need not have upper and lower arrays to accomplish depth measurement, and indeed depth could be measured using only a single one of the arrays 44 or 46 that includes three mutually orthogonal antennas with a fourth antenna spaced above or below the array. In order to accurately measure the depth of the buried object the elongate member 34 which functions as the antenna mast should be pointed at the source of the electromagnetic signal. The actual depth is measured when the lower sensor ball 36 is touching the ground directly above the buried object. Alternatively, the distance to the buried object can be measured when the lower sensor ball 36 is not touching the ground. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the system 30 need not have depth measuring capability, in which case a single antenna array such as 44 would suffice, but as a practical matter, a commercially viable sonde and line locator needs to include a depth measuring capability. It may be possible to mount the upper antenna or antenna array 46 inside the housing 32 instead of on the elongate member, but this may subject the antenna or array to excessive noise from the microelectronic circuitry on the circuit boards 80, 90 and 102 (
There are two ways that the system 30 can measure and indicate the depth of the buried object. It can indicate real time depth continuously in the bottom left corner of the display 48 at 140 (
The system 30 displays the overhead indicator 144 (
Pressing the UP key 164 (
The system 30 indicates the relative current strength at 156 (
At the beginning of the effort to locate a buried object with the system 30 it is helpful to have the system 30 read "0.0" for the starting point. Due to other interference signals this may not be the case. The temporary zero set command is a valuable tool that can be used for single locate environments where there is some interference present. This helps the system 30 sense only that signal that is emitted by the sonde or line since it zeroes out the other signals before the sonde or line transmitter is turned ON. When the sonde or line transmitter signal is turned ON then the apparent sensitivity will be set to read only that signal.
The system 30 can also be set to read 1000 when directly over the buried object. This gives the operator a maximum signal strength value that can simplify tracing. The 1000 set feature references the current signal level to the displayed value of 1000 and re-maps the sensitivity of the circuit to represent the range of signals between the reference level stored at the zero set, and the reference at the 1000 set to the numerically displayed range of 0 to 1000. During a line trace the 1000 set feature makes it easier for the operator to stay on the line and also see changes in signal level. Signal strength varies as the line depth changes. If the line splits the signal strength drops since a portion of the signal then travels along one leg of the split and the remaining portion travels along the other leg. For example if the displayed signal strength has dropped to 500 the measured signal has dropped by fifty percent.
The system 30 permits the signal strength value for the frequency of interest in different modes to be temporarily set to zero or permanently set to zero. The permanent zero set feature allows the operator to adjust the minimum level of electromagnetic signal that will be shown on the display 48. This allows the system 30 to effectively disregard signals smaller than the consistent ambient noise level. It is useful to have the system read "0.0" when no signal is present as a starting out point or base line. Some operators will prefer maximum sensitivity while others prefer to only show signal when it is strong and well above any interfering noise signals. Environmental noise may be very high in industrial areas and very low in rural areas. The permanent zero set feature allows the operator to effectively tune the system 30 to work in optimal fashion in a given environment and to meet the operator's personal preferences. Typically the user would take the system 30 to a "quiet spot" on the site, with no signal present, and then adjust the signal strength to "0.0". Then any signals larger than this will be read and indicated as some larger value.
The system 30 also indicates an icon in the form of a globe 194 (
A plurality of brightly colored plastic marker chips 210 (
From the foregoing detailed description it will also be appreciated that the present invention also provides a method of locating a buried object by sensing an electromagnetic signal emitted by the buried object. Broadly, the method includes an initial step of traversing a topside area beneath which an object emitting the electromagnetic signal is buried with at least one antenna array 44 including three substantially mutually orthogonal antennas. The method further includes the step of sensing the electromagnetic signal emitted by the buried object with the array 44. The method also includes the step of determining a location of the buried object based on the sensed electromagnetic signal without having to align the antenna array 44 relative to the buried object while eliminating nulls 24 and 26 (
In order for the system 30 to correctly sense the total field vector, the response of each coil within each of the arrays 44 and 46 needs to be calibrated with respect to the response of the other two coils within the same array. The geometry of the antenna arrays 44 and 46 and the manner in which they are mounted to the elongate member 34 greatly facilitates the calibration of the system 30. Conventional sonde and line locators typically have at least one antenna in their array that has an axis that is substantially in alignment with part of the supporting structure. If any one of the antennas in the array has its axis orthogonal to the axis of the calibrating field, then it is not possible to calibrate that antenna as its response will be nominally zero. The system 30 has a preferable geometry where each antenna has substantially the same offset angle relative to the axis of the elongate member or antenna mast 34. This makes it possible to calibrate each of the three antennas in each array relative to the other two antennas in the same array. This can be done by placing the system 30 within a tubular solenoid field. The two antenna arrays 44 and 46 need to be very accurately aligned and centered within the solenoid calibration field. The solenoid field must be substantially cylindrical so that a uniform, rotationally symmetric calibration field is generated. Making the antenna arrays 44 and 46 spherical and enclosing them in the sensor balls 36 and 38 allows a fixture to be constructed for readily centering the calibration field relative to the elongate member or antenna mast 34. Furthermore, making the antenna arrays 44 and 46 relatively small and round, and precisely centering these antenna arrays on the elongate member 34 minimizes the mass of the shielding required on the calibration chamber.
While we have described preferred embodiments of an improved sonde and line locator and improved methods of locating buried objects that emit an electromagnetic signal, they can be varied and modified in many ways. For example, the antenna arrays 44 and 46 could each have a ferrite core instead of an air core. Each coil in an array could be split into multiple coils offset from the center line (axis of the elongate member 34). Wiring these multiple coils in series would produce a signal similar to that of a single coil centered about the center line. For example, the multiple coils could be positioned on the flat surfaces of a polyhedron such as an octahedron. Depth measuring capability is not essential so a second antenna array need not be used, or depth could be sensed with only the lower array 44 with three mutually orthogonal antennas and a fourth antenna mounted on the elongate member 34 spaced from the array or within the housing 32. The features and attributes of the GUI including the selectable modes and the SEARCH and MAP views could be widely varied. Audible tones are not absolutely necessary. Conversely, audible tones could be used without any visual display. The physical shape of the housing 32 could be altered as needed. The elongate member 32 that provides the antenna mast need not be a hollow Aluminum or fiberglass tube but could be a solid member with any cross-section molded around the twisted pairs that connect the pre-amps 70 and 78 in the sensor balls 36 and 38 to the analog circuit board 82 mounted in the housing 32 The arrangement and designation of keys on the keypad 106 could be widely varied. The signal from the upper antenna array 46 could be used when the system 30 is at or near one of the sonde poles to indicate the direction to the sonde. The system 30 could incorporate a GPS receiver for downloading locating data and comparing the same to stored municipal map data to ensure that well known utilities are accounted for before commencing to locate a buried object. The housing 32 can incorporate a bubble level indicating device and an internal two-axis (or more) accelerometer. The bubble level would help the operator locate buried pipes. The output of the accelerometer would help the system 30 correct the presented display information if the operator did not hold the system 30 truly vertical. Further electronics, including the A/D, processors and gain and filtering blocks could be contained in or near the lower and upper sensor balls 36 and 38. The marker chips 210 could be directly mounted to the housing 32. These and other modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore the protection afforded the present invention should only be limited in accordance with the scope of the following claims.
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|Jun 18, 2010
|Oct 7, 2010
|Certusview Technologies, Llc
|Locate transmitter having enhanced features for underground facility locate operations, and associated methods and systems
|Jun 18, 2010
|Oct 7, 2010
|Certusview Technologies, Llc
|Locate transmitter configured to detect out-of-tolerance conditions in connection with underground facility locate operations, and associated methods and systems
|Jun 18, 2010
|Oct 7, 2010
|Certusview Technologies, Llc
|Methods, apparatus, and systems for analyzing use of a locate device by a technician to perform an underground facility locate operation
|Nov 1, 2010
|Feb 24, 2011
|Seektech, Inc.
|Single and Multi-Trace Omnidirectional Sonde and Line Locators and Transmitter Used Therewith
|May 25, 2010
|Feb 24, 2011
|Certusview Technologies, Llc
|Methods and marking devices with mechanisms for indicating and/or detecting marking material color
|Mar 25, 2013
|May 22, 2014
|Mark S. Olsson
|Gradient antenna coils and arrays for use in locating systems
|Dec 2, 2011
|Jul 13, 2016
|SeeScan, Inc.
|Magnetically sensed user interface devices
|Dec 2, 2011
|Jun 7, 2012
|Mark Olsson
|Magnetically sensed user interface apparatus and devices
|U.S. Classification
|324/326, 324/329
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 5, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 1, 2016
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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← Back to Events
An event every week that begins at 9:30am on Sunday, repeating until June 4, 2017
Sundays, 9:30 – 11:00 am, April 23 – June 4, Christian Life Center Room 144 Do you want a good life to get better? Is your life filled, yet unfulfilled? Do you feel pulled in a thousand directions? Are you longing to thrive in a time of transition? Nothing adds more fullness, meaning and direction to your life than discovering your God designed purpose that integrates throughout your entire life. The engaging "modern parable" in The On-Purpose Person – Making…
An event every month that begins at 6:30pm on day Second of the month, repeating indefinitely
2nd Monday of the month 6:30 - 8:00 pm, Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) Twin Cities has supported parents, friends, family and allies of lesbian, gay, transgender and bisexual persons since 1973. Parents & Family: You are not alone. PFLAG can help you understand your loved one's sexuality or gender idendity. Our chapter members come from many walks of life and share similar feelings and experiences. PFLAG is a place of love and acceptance. Friends & Allies: We offer support to families and friends who are…
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Category page
392pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
This category contains the Tourist Attractions for Calgary.
"The Glenbow Museum is the largest museum in Western Canada; it has over 93,000 square feet of...Glenbow Museum
"Fort Calgary is a museum and interpretive centre where visitors can see how life was like in...Fort Calgary
"The Village Square Leisure Centre features over 40 different attractions and anmenities such as...Village Square
"The Calgary Aero Space Museum aim is to preserve and promote the history of the aviation and...Calgary Aero Space Museum
"The Calgary Science Centre presents science and technology in a fun based environment. Calgary...Science Centre
"Calaway Park is an outdoor family amusement park 10km west of Calgary. It spans 160 acres and...Calaway Park
This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.
Pages in category "Attractions"
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Everyone wants to know what the other kids think of Felix. And the answer is that they think he is pretty great. Photographic evidence:
Simon has been great to just go and pick Felix up and talk to him and rock him when I am making dinner or otherwise need both my arms.
And at first Oliver and Elsa were mostly just quick to check in, "Oh, Felix, you're so cute!" kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss! And then run and play. But over the past few days they have been eager to be more involved in his life, even to the point of taking over a couple of diaper changes.
(btw, Oliver and Elsa are totally joined at the hip—which is completely adorable in its own right, but probably the subject of a different post.)
So far I feel really #blessed that the kids are all more or less on the same team and have strong relationships with each other. Fingers crossed that this is an enduring characteristic of our family.


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You're a Pal Mouse Applique, Item #1052
Quilt Girls
Inventory Available
New. Iron-On Applique. You're a Pal Mouse applique. This super cute applique shows a Mouse telling you that You're a Pal. This applique is aprox 2 1/2" Tall x 2 1/2" Wide each. NOT A LICENSED PRODUCT
Note: We recommend you iron this applique into place and then stitch the edges down to permanently secure it.


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Explore Presents, Delicious Dishes and more!
Explore related topics
@Kristine Swisher Photographie: Yummy Tender Greens at the UTC! Just an early bday present for me:)
@Victor Hsu: Salad by the beach.
Photo from @eelgnuoy on Twitter: "Nyam! I love you, #TGIrvine."
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Tweets by @NOAAFish_PIFSC
- Happy #EarthDay! NOAA Pacific Islands region will be @WaikikiAquarium for "Mauka to Makai" today (9am-2pm) Join us!… twitter.com/i/web/status/8… 1 day ago
- Join us and celebrate #EarthDay tomorrow at the free "Mauka to Makai" event @WaikikiAquarium from 9am-2pm:… twitter.com/i/web/status/8… 2 days ago
- PIFSC scientists document #coralreef condition after severe coral bleaching and warm temperatures in remote Pacific… twitter.com/i/web/status/8… 2 days ago
- Tune in to the Hawai'i Bottomfish Heritage Project on Go Fish! radio show AM 690 Sat @ 4pm & Sun @ 7am… twitter.com/i/web/status/8… 3 days ago
- 100,000 pounds of #MarineDebris removed! Agency partners work together to keep the sea free of debris:… twitter.com/i/web/status/8… 5 days ago
- Follow NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Blog on WordPress.com
Blog Stats
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PIFSC RSS Feed
- Scientific Expedition Returns to West Hawaiʻi to Study Marine Ecosystems April 17, 2017
- Trawling Through Time in Leeward Oahu April 3, 2017
- Coral Reef Research Expedition to the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument March 27, 2017
- How are Coral Reef Fish Doing in Hawaiʻi? March 3, 2017
- PIFSC Young Scientist Opportunity (PYSO) Program Accepting Applications This February for 2017 Summer Internships February 17, 2017
Tag Archives: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Taking Out Trash
by Kevin O'Brien A friend of mine from Idaho just said to me, "you know, it's good to have a job that lets you make piles." I smiled immediately because I totally agree with him. He said, "There's nothing like … Continue reading
Posted in coral reef ecosystem Tagged Black-footed Albatross, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, DLNR, DOFAW, Kevin O'Brien, Kure, Laysan Albatross, marine debris, Midway Atoll, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, NWHI, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Pearl and Hermes Atoll, PMNM, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, USFWS
24 days, 900 buckets, 4 seals,…
It is the end of another Hawaiian monk seal field season. The research cruise to pick up all of our field teams has returned, and our Chief Scientist for the cruise, Stacie Robinson, reflects on the experience. …580 water jugs, … Continue reading
Posted in Protected Species Tagged Hawaiian monk seal, Ke Kai Ola, marine debris, Mokumanamana, Nihoa, NMFS, NOAA, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Oscar Elton Sette, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Pearl and Hermes Atoll, PIFSC, Protected Species, Protected Species Division, PSD, Sette, The Marine Mammal Center
A twenty minute boat ride to safety
French Frigate Shoals has earned a reputation as one of the more challenging sites in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands – both for monk seals and monk seal camp biologists. Why? Life can be hard at French Frigate Shoals! Once the … Continue reading
Posted in Protected Species Tagged French Frigate Shoals, Galapagos sharks, Hawaiian monk seal, Hawaiian Monk Seal Research Program, NMFS, NOAA, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, NWHI, Oscar Elton Sette, PIFSC, Protected Species, Protected Species Division, PSD, shark predation, Tern Island, Trig Island
Does this belong to you? A short photo essay of monk seals and trash at Laysan Island
As the Oscar Elton Sette continues down the Northwestern Hawaiian Island chain, picking up each of the Hawaiian Monk Seal Research Program A.R.C. teams, we continue to get impressions from each camp. Campers at Laysan were struck by the commonality … Continue reading
Fantastic Fieldcamp Foodstuffs
Program Note: As we travel through the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands picking up our field camps we have asked each island crew to share a tale or two of their life and adventures during this summer field season. This entry is … Continue reading
Welcome back Kure Camp!
The Hawaiian Monk Seal A.R.C cruise has reached the farthest northern reaches of the Hawaiian Archipelago, and begun our journey home, picking up personnel and gear at five camps along the way. Today we pulled our first field camp at … Continue reading


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Hey Everyone
So my boyfriend and I are heading to California in November. Were both keen to do a kelp forest dive, we are both advanced divers (I am a rescue diver and he is a divemaster).
I was wondering a couple of things...
Is this the right time of year to be doing kelp diving?
What will the water temperature be like will we be ok in 7mm or will we need drysuits?
What companies can we contact to book this dive, we will on be in the area for one day?
Thanks for your help,


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Self-Employment and Unemployment in Spanish Regions in the Period 1979-2001
This paper investigates the relation between changes in self-employment and changes in unemployment at the regional level in Spain in the period 1979-2001. We estimate a vector autoregression model as proposed by Audretsch, Carree, van Stel and Thurik (2005) using a data base for Spanish regions. By estimating the model we are able to empirically distinguish between two directions of causality. On the one hand increases in self-employment may contribute to lower unemployment rates (the "entrepreneurial" effect). On the other hand, higher unemployment rates may push individuals into self-employment, thereby contributing to higher self-employment rates (the "refugee" effect). In our analysis of these two effects we distinguish between higher and lower income regions within Spain. We find empirical support for the "entrepreneurial" effect to exist, both in higher income and in lower income regions. As regards the "refugee" effect, the evidence is mixed. We find empirical support for this effect for higher income regions. Remarkably, we do not find evidence for a "refugee" effect in lower income regions of Spain, even though unemployment rates are on average higher in these regions. We argue that this may be partly related to a lack of incentives for unemployed individuals in these regions to find paid employment.
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|Date of creation:
|25 Jun 2007
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| Postal: Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 3, 07743 JENA
Phone: +049 3641/ 9 43000
Fax: +049 3641/ 9 43000
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- André Stel & Martin Carree & Roy Thurik, 2005. "The Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity on National Economic Growth," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 311-321, 02.
- Thurik, A. Roy & Carree, Martin A. & van Stel, André & Audretsch, David B., 2008.
"Does self-employment reduce unemployment?,"
Journal of Business Venturing,
Elsevier, vol. 23(6), pages 673-686, November.
- André van Stel & Roy Thurik & David Audretsch & Martin Carree, 2005. "Does Self-Employment Reduce Unemployment?," Scales Research Reports N200504, EIM Business and Policy Research.
- A. Roy Thurik & Martin A. Carree & Andre van Stel & David B. Audretsch, 2007. "Does Self-Employment reduce Unemployment?," Jena Economic Research Papers 2007-089, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
- Audretsch, David B & Carree, Martin A & Thurik, A R Roy & van Stel, André, 2005. "Does Self-Employment Reduce Unemployment?," CEPR Discussion Papers 5057, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- David B. Audretsch & Roy Thurik & Andre van Stel & M.A. Carree, 2006. "Does Self-Employment Reduce Unemployment?," Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy 2005-07, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Group.
- André van Stel & Roy Thurik & David Audretsch & Martin Carree, 2007. "Does Self-Employment Reduce Unemployment?," Scales Research Reports H200709, EIM Business and Policy Research.
- Samuel Bentolila & Juan F. Jimeno, "undated". "Spanish Unemployment: The End of the Wild Ride?," Working Papers 2003-10, FEDEA.
- Samuel Bentolila & Juan F. Jimeno, 2003. "Spanish Unemployment: The End of the Wild Ride?," CESifo Working Paper Series 940, CESifo Group Munich.
- Enrique López-Bazo & Tomás del Barrio & Manuel Artis, 2002. "The regional distribution of Spanish unemployment: A spatial analysis," Papers in Regional Science, Springer;Regional Science Association International, vol. 81(3), pages 365-389.
- Lopez-Bazo, Enrique & Del Barrio, Tomas & Artis, Manuel, 2002. "The regional distribution of spanish unemployment. A spatial analysis," ERSA conference papers ersa02p020, European Regional Science Association.
- Bande, Roberto & Fernández, Melchor & Montuenga, Víctor, 2008. "Regional unemployment in Spain: Disparities, business cycle and wage setting," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 885-914, October.
- Roberto Bande & Melchor Fernandez & Víctor Manuel Montuenga, 2005. "Regional Unemployment in Spain - Disparities, Business Cycle and Wage Setting," ERSA conference papers ersa05p489, European Regional Science Association.
- Roberto Bande & Melchor Fernandez & Victor Montuenga, 2005. "Regional Unemployment in Spain: Disparities, Business Cycle and Wage Setting," Documentos de trabajo - Analise Economica 0035, IDEGA - Instituto Universitario de Estudios e Desenvolvemento de Galicia.
- Geroski, Paul A, 1989. "Entry, Innovation and Productivity Growth," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 71(4), pages 572-578, November.
- Michael Fritsch & Pamela Mueller, 2004. "The Effects of New Business Formation on Regional Development over Time," Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy 2004-36, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Group.
- Michael Fritsch & Pamela Mueller, 2004. "Effects of New Business Formation on Regional Development over Time," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(8), pages 961-975.
- Granger, C W J, 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 37(3), pages 424-438, July.
- Namkee Ahn & Juan Ramón García & Juan F. Jimeno, "undated". "Well-being Consequences of Unemployment in Europe," Working Papers 2004-11, FEDEA. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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text:
Originally posted on Projo Pats Blog | Last updated 10/19/11
By Tim BrittonFOXBORO, Mass. -- With no game this weekend, head coach Bill Belichick took advantage of some of the extra rest awaiting his Patriots and held a kind of scrimmage practice on Tuesday. The players lined up against one another and competed in various situations, walking through what should and shouldn't happen depending on the context. It was a bit unusual to see in the middle of the season. "It was definitely a little different," said wideout Wes Welker. "It was a walkthrough pace, and it was good to get in some different situations. With some of those key plays toward the end, how you handle the situation really determines the outcome of the game. There's going to be close games, and we've got to be ready for whatever situations come up." "We were trying to work on situations. We got a lot of them - there were some good things that came up, good for the coaches to think about them, good for the players to think about them, good for us to try to do the things that w...
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I hate working on spin bikes. Especially spin bikes designed for consumer use that have been instead put in a gym and get used daily by hundreds of people. Trust me, these things are fucked... Luckily, I was able to delegate the task to the kid in the photo.
The Official Post-Pre Announcement!
3 days ago


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Fitness Health Match, a social networking community helps you find the most credible and experienced nutrition professional professionals in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. Create your free account now to message and book the best nutrition professional service providers in Oshawa in just a click! FHMatch networking platform strives to provide you with all the information you need on the leading nutrition professional pros in your area. Start your fitness journey and ensure you get the assistance you need. Join members today and meet like-minded health individuals, discover new professionals, chat with and book your perfect match nutrition professional in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Major relocation is always a hectic time, here is a humorous and funny guide to make your next move more enjoyable.
How To Plan a Move - Infographic
Moving a fish tank to a new residence can be a real challenge. Make sure your fish tank is the last thing you move and the first thing to arrive at your new home. Here are some additional tips.
How to Move an Aquarium
If you are relocating to a new city or state, firstly you are going to need boxes and packing supplies. There are various types of boxes that are designed to pack different household belongings.
Type of Moving Boxes
Every home and apartment are different, but one question everyone asks is "How many boxes do I need for my move?" The following guide will help you to estimate how many boxes you will need for a move.
How Many Moving Boxes You Need
Check out these common things people forget to pack when relocating. Make sure you don't leave them behind.
Items People Forget When Moving


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|Reviews for Imperfection's Weakness
| Wolvmbm chapter 5 . 9/16/2009
I'm glad that you updated the story as it does explain how Raven and Beast boy got to their situation in the first place. :D
I must say it shows that Beast boy does love Raven and maybe deep down she does too. :D
Please do keep up the good work upon such a great story as I await the next chapter installment. ;)
| nekoken chapter 4 . 9/7/2009
Great story so far, love the fact that you are doing flashbacks to build the relationship up some. please update soon i would love to see where this leads. will Beast boy remember or will Rae be knocked up what will happen?
| micheal chapter 4 . 9/2/2009
| outerdarkness chapter 4 . 8/18/2009
Is there moar? AGH!
| Mazda Tha Crazy chapter 2 . 7/23/2009
| hipsterr.primadonna chapter 4 . 7/12/2009
this makes kennedy very happy!
continue? yes...(:
please, because this story is veryveryvery good!
| LOGEN chapter 4 . 7/5/2009
hwdy. i really like this one. please hurry and continue
| jediblauvjr chapter 4 . 7/3/2009
My opinion is this is a good story and I would really like to read on keep on going dude.
| zerOtodona chapter 4 . 6/10/2009
Dude, I hope you up-date this.
| WriteroftheRevolution chapter 4 . 6/1/2009
Still awesome. Update soon please!
| PineApple-Pills chapter 4 . 5/30/2009
Kawaii ne3
Really good, flash backs are always good in drunk stories xD
I can't wait for more3
| PineApple-Pills chapter 3 . 5/30/2009
Lovin it, this is really adorable, and I like how short the chapters are, none of that continuous scrolling.
can't wait for more3
| PineApple-Pills chapter 2 . 5/30/2009
Oh dang, he's awake xD
can't wait for more3
| PineApple-Pills chapter 1 . 5/30/2009
I really like this, its damn good.
Can't wait for more3
| Raven'sDarkSide chapter 4 . 5/29/2009
Gah, too short! Pretty good, though, and I can't wait for more!


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Need to See/Rewatch
Log in to copy items to your own lists.
Winter Light (1963)
A small town priest struggles with his faith. (81 mins.)
Director: Ingmar Bergman
Wings of Desire (1987)
An angel tires of overseeing human activity and wishes to become human when he falls in love with a mortal. (128 mins.)
Director: Wim Wenders
Stars: Bruno Ganz, Solveig Dommartin, Otto Sander, Curt Bois
Requiem for a Dream (2000)
The drug-induced utopias of four Coney Island people are shattered when their addictions run deep. (102 mins.)
Director: Darren Aronofsky
Never Let Me Go (2010)
The lives of three friends, from their early school days into young adulthood, when the reality of the world they live in comes knocking. (103 mins.)
Director: Mark Romanek
Bright Star (2009)
The three-year romance between 19th-century poet John Keats and Fanny Brawne near the end of his life. (119 mins.)
Director: Jane Campion
Stars: Abbie Cornish, Ben Whishaw, Paul Schneider, Kerry Fox
The Darjeeling Limited (2007)
A year after their father's funeral, three brothers travel across India by train in an attempt to bond with each other. (91 mins.)
Stars: Owen Wilson, Adrien Brody, Jason Schwartzman, Amara Karan
The 10th Kingdom (2000 Mini-Series)
A father and daughter are caught in a parallel universe where the great queens Snow White, Cinderella, and Little Red Riding Hood have had their kingdoms fragmented by warring trolls, giants and goblins. (417 mins.)
Helvetica (2007 Documentary)
A documentary about typography, graphic design, and global visual culture. (80 mins.)
Director: Gary Hustwit
Stars: Manfred Schulz, Massimo Vignelli, Rick Poynor, Wim Crouwel
The Seventh Continent (1989)
A European family who plan on escaping to Australia, seem caught up in their daily routine, only troubled by minor incidents. However, behind their apparent calm and repetitive existence, they are actually planning something sinister. (104 mins.)
Director: Michael Haneke
Stars: Birgit Doll, Dieter Berner, Leni Tanzer, Udo Samel
The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004)
With a plan to exact revenge on a mythical shark that killed his partner, oceanographer Steve Zissou rallies a crew that includes his estranged wife, a journalist, and a man who may or may not be his son. (119 mins.)
Stars: Bill Murray, Owen Wilson, Anjelica Huston, Cate Blanchett
Constantine (2005)
Supernatural detective John Constantine helps a policewoman prove her sister's death was not a suicide, but something more. (121 mins.)
Director: Francis Lawrence
Stars: Keanu Reeves, Rachel Weisz, Djimon Hounsou, Shia LaBeouf
Jeff Buckley: Everybody Here Wants You (2002 Documentary)
Retrospective look at the life and music of Jeff Buckley through the eyes of family, friends, and fans. (60 mins.)
Director: Serena Cross
The Fountain (2006)
As a modern-day scientist, Tommy is struggling with mortality, desperately searching for the medical breakthrough that will save the life of his cancer-stricken wife, Izzi. (96 mins.)
Director: Darren Aronofsky
The Royal Tenenbaums (2001)
An estranged family of former child prodigies reunites when their father announces he is terminally ill. (110 mins.)
Wild Strawberries (1957)
After living a life marked by coldness, an aging professor is forced to confront the emptiness of his existence. (91 mins.)
Director: Ingmar Bergman
Rushmore (1998)
The extracurricular king of Rushmore preparatory school is put on academic probation. (93 mins.)
My Own Private Idaho (1991)
Two best friends living on the streets of Portland as hustlers embark on a journey of self discovery and find their relationship stumbling along the way. (104 mins.)
Stars: River Phoenix, Keanu Reeves, James Russo, William Richert
Equilibrium (2002)
In a fascist future where all forms of feeling are illegal, a man in charge of enforcing the law rises to overthrow the system. (107 mins.)
Director: Kurt Wimmer
Stars: Christian Bale, Sean Bean, Emily Watson, Taye Diggs
Brokeback Mountain (2005)
The story of a forbidden and secretive relationship between two cowboys, and their lives over the years. (134 mins.)
Director: Ang Lee
Princess Mononoke (1997)
On a journey to find the cure for a Tatarigami's curse, Ashitaka finds himself in the middle of a war between the forest gods and Tatara, a mining colony. In this quest he also meets San, the Mononoke Hime. (134 mins.)
Director: Hayao Miyazaki
Stars: Yôji Matsuda, Yuriko Ishida, Yûko Tanaka, Billy Crudup
Insomnia (2002)
Two Los Angeles homicide detectives are dispatched to a northern town where the sun doesn't set to investigate the methodical murder of a local teen. (118 mins.)
Director: Christopher Nolan
Stars: Al Pacino, Robin Williams, Hilary Swank, Martin Donovan
The Cider House Rules (1999)
A compassionate young man, raised in an orphanage and trained to be a doctor there, decides to leave to see the world. (126 mins.)
Director: Lasse Hallström
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter... and Spring (2003)
A young and truth seeking boy travels to an isolated lake, where an old Buddhist master lives on a small floating temple. (103 mins.)
Director: Ki-duk Kim
Stars: Ki-duk Kim, Yeong-su Oh, Jong-ho Kim, Young-min Kim
Good Will Hunting (1997)
Will Hunting, a janitor at M.I.T., has a gift for mathematics, but needs help from a psychologist to find direction in his life. (126 mins.)
Stars: Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Stellan Skarsgård
Amazing Grace: Jeff Buckley (2004 Documentary)
In Europe, they speak of him in holy whispers. In America, he's a mysterious footnote. Poised for huge commercial success... (60 mins.)
Director: Nyla Bialek Adams, Laurie Trombley
Stars: Jeff Buckley
What Dreams May Come (1998)
After he dies in a car crash, a man searches heaven and hell for his beloved wife. (113 mins.)
Director: Vincent Ward
Serendipity (2001)
A couple search for each other years after the night they first met, fell in love, and separated, convinced that one day they'd end up together. (90 mins.)
Director: Peter Chelsom
The Company of Wolves (1984)
A teenage girl in a country manor falls asleep while reading a magazine and she has a disturbing dream involving wolves which appears to take place in the woods visible from her bedroom window. (95 mins.)
Director: Neil Jordan
Willow (1988)
A reluctant dwarf must play a critical role in protecting a special baby from an evil queen. (126 mins.)
Director: Ron Howard
Stars: Val Kilmer, Joanne Whalley, Warwick Davis, Jean Marsh
The Ghost Writer (2010)
A ghostwriter hired to complete the memoirs of a former British prime minister uncovers secrets that put his own life in jeopardy. (128 mins.)
Director: Roman Polanski
What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993)
After his father's death, Gilbert has to care for his mentally disabled brother, Arnie, and his morbidly obese mother, which is suddenly challenged when love walks into his life. (118 mins.)
Director: Lasse Hallström
Elvis and Anabelle (2007)
Groomed by her overly ambitious mother, Anabelle is on the road to winning the Miss Texas Rose tiara when she dies tragically during a pageant... (106 mins.)
Director: Will Geiger
Griffin & Phoenix (2006)
GRIFFIN AND PHOENIX is a poignantly funny love story about two people who face a seemingly insurmountable obstacle that may stand between them and a last chance at love. (102 mins.)
Director: Ed Stone
Stars: Amanda Peet, Dermot Mulroney, Sarah Paulson, Blair Brown
Dead Man (1995)
On the run after murdering a man, accountant William Blake encounters a strange North American man named Nobody who prepares him for his journey into the spiritual world. (121 mins.)
Director: Jim Jarmusch
Stars: Johnny Depp, Gary Farmer, Crispin Glover, Lance Henriksen
American Psycho (2000)
A wealthy New York investment banking executive hides his alternate psychopathic ego from his co-workers and friends as he delves deeper into his violent, hedonistic fantasies. (102 mins.)
Director: Mary Harron
Stars: Christian Bale, Justin Theroux, Josh Lucas, Bill Sage
I Capture the Castle (2003)
A love story set in 1930s England that follows 17-year-old Cassandra Mortmain, and the fortunes of her eccentric family, struggling to survive in a decaying English castle. (113 mins.)
Director: Tim Fywell
Stars: Romola Garai, Rose Byrne, Bill Nighy, Sophie Stuckey
The Bucket List (2007)
Two terminally ill men escape from a cancer ward and head off on a road trip with a wish list of to-dos before they die. (97 mins.)
Director: Rob Reiner
Stars: Jack Nicholson, Morgan Freeman, Sean Hayes, Beverly Todd
Ed Wood (1994)
An ambitious but troubled movie director tries his best to fulfill his dream, despite his lack of support. (127 mins.)
Lorenzo's Oil (1992)
A boy develops a disease so rare that nobody is working on a cure, so his father decides to learn all about it and tackle the problem himself. (129 mins.)
Director: George Miller
The Science of Sleep (2006)
A man entranced by his dreams and imagination is love-struck with a French woman and feels he can show her his world. (105 mins.)
Director: Michel Gondry
Vanilla Sky (2001)
A self-indulgent and vain publishing magnate finds his privileged life upended after a vehicular accident with a resentful lover. (136 mins.)
Director: Cameron Crowe
Stars: Tom Cruise, Penélope Cruz, Cameron Diaz, Kurt Russell
The Shawshank Redemption (1994)
Two imprisoned men bond over a number of years, finding solace and eventual redemption through acts of common decency. (142 mins.)
Director: Frank Darabont
Stars: Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, Bob Gunton, William Sadler
To Kill a Mockingbird (1962)
Atticus Finch, a lawyer in the Depression-era South, defends a black man against an undeserved rape charge, and his children against prejudice. (129 mins.)
Director: Robert Mulligan
Stars: Gregory Peck, John Megna, Frank Overton, Rosemary Murphy
Into the Wild (2007)
After graduating from Emory University, top student and athlete Christopher McCandless abandons his possessions, gives his entire $24,000 savings account to charity and hitchhikes to Alaska to live in the wilderness. Along the way, Christopher encounters a series of characters that shape his life. (148 mins.)
Director: Sean Penn
Jacob's Ladder (1990)
Mourning his dead child, a haunted Vietnam War veteran attempts to discover his past while suffering from a severe case of dissociation. To do so, he must decipher reality and life from his own dreams, delusion, and perception of death. (113 mins.)
Director: Adrian Lyne
Stars: Tim Robbins, Elizabeth Peña, Danny Aiello, Matt Craven
Thank You for Smoking (2005)
Satirical comedy follows the machinations of Big Tobacco's chief spokesman, Nick Naylor, who spins on behalf of cigarettes while trying to remain a role model for his twelve-year-old son. (92 mins.)
Director: Jason Reitman
Stars: Aaron Eckhart, Cameron Bright, Maria Bello, Joan Lunden
Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975)
King Arthur and his knights embark on a low-budget search for the Grail, encountering many, very silly obstacles. (91 mins.)
Director: Terry Gilliam, Terry Jones
Stars: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle, Terry Gilliam
Citizen Kane (1941)
Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. (119 mins.)
Director: Orson Welles
The Insider (1999)
A research chemist comes under personal and professional attack when he decides to appear in a "60 Minutes" expose on Big Tobacco. (157 mins.)
Director: Michael Mann
Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964)
An insane general triggers a path to nuclear holocaust that a war room full of politicians and generals frantically try to stop. (95 mins.)
Edward Scissorhands (1990)
A gentle man, with scissors for hands, is brought into a new community after living in isolation. (105 mins.)
Snatch (2000)
Unscrupulous boxing promoters, violent bookmakers, a Russian gangster, incompetent amateur robbers, and supposedly Jewish jewelers fight to track down a priceless stolen diamond. (104 mins.)
Director: Guy Ritchie
Stars: Jason Statham, Brad Pitt, Benicio Del Toro, Dennis Farina
August Rush (2007)
A drama with fairy tale elements, where an orphaned musical prodigy uses his gift as a clue to finding his birth parents. (114 mins.)
Director: Kirsten Sheridan
The Green Mile (1999)
The lives of guards on Death Row are affected by one of their charges: a black man accused of child murder and rape, yet who has a mysterious gift. (189 mins.)
Director: Frank Darabont
Stars: Tom Hanks, Michael Clarke Duncan, David Morse, Bonnie Hunt
Malcolm X (1992)
Biographical epic of the controversial and influential Black Nationalist leader, from his early life and career as a small-time gangster, to his ministry as a member of the Nation of Islam. (202 mins.)
Director: Spike Lee
Stars: Denzel Washington, Angela Bassett, Delroy Lindo, Spike Lee
Watchmen (2009)
In 1985 where former superheroes exist, the murder of a colleague sends active vigilante Rorschach into his own sprawling investigation, uncovering something that could completely change the course of history as we know it. (162 mins.)
Director: Zack Snyder
Dil Se.. (1998)
The clash between love and ideology is portrayed in this love story between a radio executive and a beautiful revolutionary (163 mins.)
Director: Mani Ratnam
Good Night, and Good Luck. (2005)
Broadcast journalist Edward R. Murrow looks to bring down Senator Joseph McCarthy. (93 mins.)
Director: George Clooney
Mulholland Dr. (2001)
After a car wreck on the winding Mulholland Drive renders a woman amnesiac, she and a perky Hollywood-hopeful search for clues and answers across Los Angeles in a twisting venture beyond dreams and reality. (147 mins.)
Director: David Lynch
Stars: Naomi Watts, Laura Harring, Justin Theroux, Jeanne Bates
2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
Humanity finds a mysterious, obviously artificial object buried beneath the Lunar surface and, with the intelligent computer H.A.L. 9000, sets off on a quest. (149 mins.)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. (133 mins.)
Director: Milos Forman
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
A meek Hobbit from the Shire and eight companions set out on a journey to destroy the powerful One Ring and save Middle Earth from the Dark Lord Sauron. (178 mins.)
Director: Peter Jackson
Stars: Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Orlando Bloom, Sean Bean
La Vie en Rose (2007)
Biopic of the iconic French singer Édith Piaf. Raised by her grandmother in a brothel, she was discovered while singing on a street corner at the age of 19. Despite her success, Piaf's life was filled with tragedy. (140 mins.)
Director: Olivier Dahan
Bicycle Thieves (1948)
In post-war Italy, a working-class man's bicycle is stolen. He and his son set out to find it. (89 mins.)
Director: Vittorio De Sica
The Usual Suspects (1995)
A sole survivor tells of the twisty events leading up to a horrific gun battle on a boat, which began when five criminals met at a seemingly random police lineup. (106 mins.)
Director: Bryan Singer
Finding Neverland (2004)
The story of J.M. Barrie's friendship with a family who inspired him to create Peter Pan. (106 mins.)
Director: Marc Forster
Stars: Johnny Depp, Kate Winslet, Julie Christie, Radha Mitchell
Cool Hand Luke (1967)
A man refuses to conform to life in a rural prison. (126 mins.)
Director: Stuart Rosenberg
Stars: Paul Newman, George Kennedy, Strother Martin, J.D. Cannon
Casablanca (1942)
In Casablanca in December 1941, a cynical American expatriate encounters a former lover, with unforeseen complications. (102 mins.)
Director: Michael Curtiz
Roman Holiday (1953)
A bored and sheltered princess escapes her guardians and falls in love with an American newsman in Rome. (118 mins.)
Director: William Wyler
Stars: Gregory Peck, Audrey Hepburn, Eddie Albert, Hartley Power
The Terminator (1984)
A seemingly indestructible humanoid cyborg is sent from 2029 to 1984 to assassinate a waitress, whose unborn son will lead humanity in a war against the machines, while a soldier from that war is sent to protect her at all costs. (107 mins.)
Director: James Cameron
City of God (2002)
Two boys growing up in a violent neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro take different paths: one becomes a photographer, the other a drug dealer. (130 mins.)
Director: Fernando Meirelles, Kátia Lund
Wristcutters: A Love Story (2006)
A film set in a strange afterlife way station that has been reserved for people who have committed suicide. (88 mins.)
Director: Goran Dukic
Stars: Patrick Fugit, Shea Whigham, Tom Waits, Shannyn Sossamon
8½ (1963)
A harried movie director retreats into his memories and fantasies. (138 mins.)
Director: Federico Fellini
United 93 (2006)
A real-time account of the events on United Flight 93, one of the planes hijacked on September 11th, 2001 that crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania when passengers foiled the terrorist plot. (111 mins.)
Director: Paul Greengrass
Milk (2008)
The story of Harvey Milk, and his struggles as an American gay activist who fought for gay rights and became California's first openly gay elected official. (128 mins.)
Stars: Sean Penn, Josh Brolin, Emile Hirsch, Diego Luna
Gandhi (1982)
Gandhi's character is fully explained as a man of nonviolence. Through his patience, he is able to drive the British out of the subcontinent. And the stubborn nature of Jinnah and his commitment towards Pakistan is portrayed. (191 mins.)
Director: Richard Attenborough
Stars: Ben Kingsley, John Gielgud, Candice Bergen, Edward Fox
Once Upon a Time in the West (1968)
A mysterious stranger with a harmonica joins forces with a notorious desperado to protect a beautiful widow from a ruthless assassin working for the railroad. (175 mins.)
Director: Sergio Leone
Fargo (1996)
Jerry Lundegaard's inept crime falls apart due to his and his henchmen's bungling and the persistent police work of the quite pregnant Marge Gunderson. (98 mins.)
Director: Joel Coen
Big Fish (2003)
A frustrated son tries to determine the fact from fiction in his dying father's life. (125 mins.)
Stars: Ewan McGregor, Albert Finney, Billy Crudup, Jessica Lange
The Last Samurai (2003)
An American military advisor embraces the Samurai culture he was hired to destroy after he is captured in battle. (154 mins.)
Director: Edward Zwick
Stars: Tom Cruise, Ken Watanabe, Billy Connolly, William Atherton
There Will Be Blood (2007)
A story of family, religion, hatred, oil and madness, focusing on a turn-of-the-century prospector in the early days of the business. (158 mins.)
Director: Paul Thomas Anderson
Stars: Daniel Day-Lewis, Paul Dano, Ciarán Hinds, Martin Stringer
Synecdoche, New York (2008)
A theatre director struggles with his work, and the women in his life, as he creates a life-size replica of New York City inside a warehouse as part of his new play. (124 mins.)
Director: Charlie Kaufman
A Clockwork Orange (1971)
In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. (136 mins.)
The Shining (1980)
A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. (146 mins.)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
Following the Normandy Landings, a group of U.S. soldiers go behind enemy lines to retrieve a paratrooper whose brothers have been killed in action. (169 mins.)
Director: Steven Spielberg
Stars: Tom Hanks, Matt Damon, Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns
High Noon (1952)
A marshall, personally compelled to face a returning deadly enemy, finds that his own town refuses to help him. (85 mins.)
Director: Fred Zinnemann
Stars: Gary Cooper, Grace Kelly, Thomas Mitchell, Lloyd Bridges
Quills (2000)
In a Napoleonic era insane asylum, an inmate, the irrepressible Marquis De Sade, fights a battle of wills against a tyrannically prudish doctor. (124 mins.)
Director: Philip Kaufman
Apocalypse Now (1979)
During the Vietnam War, Captain Willard is sent on a dangerous mission into Cambodia to assassinate a renegade colonel who has set himself up as a god among a local tribe. (153 mins.)
Director: Francis Coppola
Seven Samurai (1954)
A poor village under attack by bandits recruits seven unemployed samurai to help them defend themselves. (207 mins.)
Director: Akira Kurosawa
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966)
A bounty hunting scam joins two men in an uneasy alliance against a third in a race to find a fortune in gold buried in a remote cemetery. (161 mins.)
Director: Sergio Leone
Stars: Clint Eastwood, Eli Wallach, Lee Van Cleef, Aldo Giuffrè
Sunset Blvd. (1950)
A screenwriter is hired to rework a faded silent film star's script only to find himself developing a dangerous relationship. (110 mins.)
Director: Billy Wilder
Ikiru (1952)
A bureaucrat tries to find a meaning in his life after he discovers he has terminal cancer. (143 mins.)
Director: Akira Kurosawa
My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002)
A young Greek woman falls in love with a non-Greek and struggles to get her family to accept him while she comes to terms with her heritage and cultural identity. (95 mins.)
Director: Joel Zwick
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)
Tells the story of Benjamin Button, a man who starts aging backwards with bizarre consequences. (166 mins.)
Director: David Fincher
Stars: Brad Pitt, Cate Blanchett, Tilda Swinton, Julia Ormond
Let the Right One In (2008)
Oskar, an overlooked and bullied boy, finds love and revenge through Eli, a beautiful but peculiar girl. (115 mins.)
Director: Tomas Alfredson
Stars: Kåre Hedebrant, Lina Leandersson, Per Ragnar, Henrik Dahl
Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles (1994)
A vampire tells his epic life story: love, betrayal, loneliness, and hunger. (123 mins.)
Director: Neil Jordan
Stars: Brad Pitt, Tom Cruise, Antonio Banderas, Kirsten Dunst
Before Sunset (2004)
Nine years after Jesse and Celine first met, they encounter each other again on the French leg of Jesse's book tour. (80 mins.)
Director: Richard Linklater
The Machinist (2004)
An industrial worker who hasn't slept in a year begins to doubt his own sanity. (101 mins.)
Director: Brad Anderson
Twelve Monkeys (1995)
In a future world devastated by disease, a convict is sent back in time to gather information about the man-made virus that wiped out most of the human population on the planet. (129 mins.)
Director: Terry Gilliam
Stars: Bruce Willis, Madeleine Stowe, Brad Pitt, Joseph Melito
25th Hour (2002)
Cornered by the DEA, convicted New York drug dealer Montgomery Brogan reevaluates his life in the 24 remaining hours before facing a seven-year jail term. (135 mins.)
Director: Spike Lee


text:
Yesterday,our student radio station - KUBE - put on a great mini 12 hour festival at one of the on campus bars - The Pig and Rat - known as KUBEfest.
The 12 hour event offered us alcoholic and non-alcoholic shisha's, a BBQ, summer cocktails and the expectation of 'live music from a plethora of bands, along with a selection of DJs as the sun starts to set' and we were not disappointed. The sun was fantastic during the day and I really didn't make the most of it not, I didn't end up joining the festivities until 4pm. By 8pm the cold started to get to everyone, making the crowd pour into the small bar dance floor for a fabulous evening of dancing and drinking.
Despite the fact that I didn't spend as much time at KUBEfest as I could have done, due to being distracted by food and a film with two of my friends later followed by an early night - 12:30am - I still had a brilliant time. The highlight of the day/night was definitely seeing my friends band Clock House - who have since been renamed as Parisian Youth Culture - play a brilliant set, and then later on in the night an amazing DJ set from Basement Jaxx, Ami Carmine.
The fantastic Ami Carmine hard at work entertaining the KUBEfest crowd.
Fi, myself and Ami Carmine.
We just had to get a picture with her - despite how rough I looked - but it was love.
It was a different kind of night out, going from hanging out in our usual day clothes to partying in them was definitely unusual, but the atmosphere was so chilled out that it didn't seem to matter to anyone that so many people looked unprepared to party. Everyone went for it and seemed to have a great night!
There's two more big events to go - the biggest being Woodstoke, which I'm really looking forward to. KUBEfest was a great start to the end of year celebrations, but I'm still trying to get my head round the fact that we're at the end of the year!
A big thanks to the organisers and the performers of KUBEfest, who really did a great job!


text:
Game 7 of the World Series. Chicago Cubs vs Cleveland Indians. My late husband's dream came true tonight! He's an angel watching from heaven and I know his spirit had something to do with this win. Cubs win World Series 2016.
A personal favorite from my Etsy shop https://www.etsy.com/listing/290726815/chicago-cubs-vintage-style-wall-mounted
Kris Bryant of the Chicago Cubs reacts after making the throw to first for the final out in of Game 7 of the 2016 World Series against the Cleveland...
❤⚾ Beginning 4/2/2017! W!
Handmade Chicago Cubs W Flag Chicago Flag by WindyCityWoodshop
Cubs World Series Win November 2, 2016
Go Cubs! More
11705828_10153117453277411_3479744613955854906_o.jpg 640×960 pixels
Chicago Cubs Women's Modern Tempo Dri-FIT Shorts #ChicagoCubs #Cubs #FlyTheW
Let's make this for home More


text:
Women motion picture producers and directors
From Library of Congress Subject Headings
Women motion picture producers and directors
- http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85147651
- info:lc/authorities/sh85147651
- http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85147651#concept
Instance Of
Scheme Membership(s)
Collection Membership(s)
Broader Terms
- Motion picture producers and directors
- Women in the motion picture industry
Earlier Established Forms
Women moving-picture producers and directors
Change Notes
- 2000-08-01: new
- 2015-03-04: revised
Alternate Formats
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Nyela is a Muslim baby Girl name, it is an Arabic originated name. Nyela name meaning is One who succeeds or perseveres (Somalia) and the lucky number associated with Nyela is 1. Find all the relevant details about the Nyela Meaning, Origin, Lucky Number and Religion from this page. Nyela meaning has been search 3489 three thousand four hundred and eighty-nine times till 27 April, 2017.
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text:
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Administrative law has been the object of thorough reforms in many European countries. Most of the developments are common to the various legal systems, such as the idea of New Public Management or new patterns like public choice and consumer orientation. There are novel agencies and regulatory concepts, there is deregulation, and the citizen–government relationship has been changed towards openness and mutuality.
Various administrative legal systems' modifications are different with respect to their starting points, but similar in their development. Administrative law scholarship has taken up these challenges. The core scientific development is a shift away from the control (ie courtroom) perspective towards a perspective of governance ('Steuerung' in the German terminology). Administrative law should provide means, tools and scales which allow for the effective implementation of legal principles and rules, using resources economically and taking sound decisions which are acceptable to those affected. Considering interdisciplinary input, it is fair to design a 'New Administrative Law' (Neue Verwaltungsrechtswissenschaft) as a scientific approach.
In the different European countries, debates on that transformation of administrative law take place from a national perspective and with different intensity. Given the considerable effects such discussion may have on the methods of administrative legal scholarship, an analysis of the developments in a European context promises valuable results.
This volume comprises the results of the second workshop of the Dornburg Resarch Group of New Administrative Law which took place in London in May 2007. The group scrutinized the public–private law divide in a comparative manner based on the reform approach.