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Hosting Hell: 10 Things That Will Go Wrong - And How to Prevent Them »
If you want to avoid entering the hosting hell dimension, here are 10 potential entertaining glitches, and how to avoid them.
YP - The Real Yellow PagesSM - helps you find the right local businesses to meet your specific needs. Search results are sorted by a combination of factors to give you a set of choices in response to your search criteria. These factors are similar to those you might use to determine which business to select from a local Yellow Pages directory, including proximity to where you are searching, expertise in the specific services or products you need, and comprehensive business information to help evaluate a business's suitability for you. "Preferred" listings, or those with featured website buttons, indicate YP advertisers who directly provide information about their businesses to help consumers make more informed buying decisions. YP advertisers receive higher placement in the default ordering of search results and may appear in sponsored listings on the top, side, or bottom of the search results page.
2 Medium 2-Topping Pizzas
Only $5.99 Each: Order Now!
5805 31st AveWoodside, NY 11377
Went for brunch on Mother's Day with reservations. Music in restaurant was extremely loud could not hear anyone talking. 7 people in party and or…
200 Summit AveJersey City, NJ 07304
200 Summit AveJersey City, NJ 07304
787 7th AveNew York, NY 10019
From Business: Offering fitness centers and fitness classes services. Mid-Town Location * Full Fitness & Swimming Lap Pool * Personal Training / Swim Instruction Call for compli…
2578 BroadwayNew York, NY 10025
I have never had a small business on the UWS provide such rude treatment. I was just trying to drop off an Amazon package to be picked up by UPS and…
4986 BroadwayNew York, NY 10034
From Business: Cocina Latina serves many of your favorites Spanish cuisine. We offer fresh and delicious traditional meals such as 1) Chicken with rice, and beans 2) Fried Chick…
261 W 125th StNew York, NY 10027
From Business: Fresh is in our food: Each day, you'll find an updated selection of fresh fish on our Today's Fresh Fish menu, not to mention live Maine lobster, freshly baked Ch…
331 W 51st StNew York, NY 10019
1571 Lexington AveNew York, NY 10029
158 W 72nd StNew York, NY 10023
Great food, really enjoyed the experience. I've been to this place several times and I'll be back, telling all my friends about it.
195 Grand StNew York, NY 10013
Awesome Food. Fast Service. Very knowledgeable staff. I would definitely recommend this [place, try their cupcakes and coffee.
100 W 125th StNew York, NY 10027
From Business: Since its founding in Orlando in 1982, Olive Garden has been dedicated to providing a warm, welcoming dining experience and Italian hospitality to everyone who wa…
174 1st AveNew York, NY 10009
I recommend Nai Tapas Bar to everyone. Excellent, food, friendly personnel, and the best Sangria as well as the Flamenco show. Decent prices. You mu…
214 E 49th StNew York, NY 10017
From Business: High quality dining, elegant private parties and five star service are waiting for you at Da Noi in Mid-town Manhattan. We're located in the heart of the capital …
This is my all time favorite place. The food, as well as the service are definitely one of the best in the area. The drinks are awesome. The menu se…
88 Washington AveBrooklyn, NY 11205
From Business: Do all of your grocery shopping at Fresh Fanatic of Brooklyn! We have a range of fresh, all natural, local and organic foods. We also offer cheeses, nuts, meats, …
2337 Coney Island AveBrooklyn, NY 11223
Your Best Bet for healthy eating! Yammiest!
331 W 51st StNew York, NY 10019
555 2nd AveNew York, NY 10016
570 Lexington AveNew York, NY 10022
Mr.K food is my top asain places that I love going to. Their food is really good!! I recommend taking your friends asap!
91 Avenue DNew York, NY 10009
260 W 29th StNew York, NY 10001
Really terrific, authentic northern italian cuisine, owned and operated by Italian natives, including the chef. Delicious earthy food, homemade saus…
3855 10th AveNew York, NY 10034
246 E 106th StNew York, NY 10029
818 10th AveNew York, NY 10019
My friends and I decided to go to Fusion for a reunion of sorts and we had a really great time.\r \r We showed up unexpectedly, about 17 of us, an…
311 W 17th StNew York, NY 10011
We started with appetizers of corn bread with black bean dip, and guacamole and chips. Yum. Yum. The server suggested the dish the chef made when …
1579 York AveNew York, NY 10028
1316 1st AveNew York, NY 10021
210 W 50th StNew York, NY 10019
169 Sullivan StNew York, NY 10012
Walked by with friends and heard someone on the way out say it was one of the best meals they ever had, so we went in. Patrick the chef, owner, and…
2 Medium 2-Topping Pizzas
Only $5.99 Each: Order Now!
If you want to avoid entering the hosting hell dimension, here are 10 potential entertaining glitches, and how to avoid them.
If you're a guest at the season's events, make sure that you're part of the celebration, not part of the problem
We want your holiday parties to be the talk of the season, so we've rounded up our top tips on how to pull off hosting without a h…
Finally, a reasonably healthy fast food burger restaurant on the UWS! Until a couple years ago, we only had McDonald's. When you walk into Shake Shack, you feel better because you're aware of their eco-friendly marketing campaign. The burgers are 100% All Natural Angus Beef. No Hormones and no antibiotics, ever. The burgers are served on tasty brioche buns and while they're significantly smaller than other restaurant burgers, that's ok. You don't feel too full when you're finished eating. The menu us quite basic: Hamburger, Cheeseburger, Mushroomburger and the Shack Burger. You can also throw in a Flat Top Dog and an order of fries (which aren't the pencil-thin fast food fries) but rather crinkle fries. If you're feeling especially adventurous, there is an overwelming selection of shakes and concretes (i was never able to understand the different). But, beware of very long lines. At lunchtime, the lines are wrapped around a city block. While they do move quickly (and you'll get your fancy vibrating buzzer so you can wait outside), if you're hungry, you will have to wait. And, chances are, you won't get a seat.
A friend came to visit who is a "foodie". Specifically French food. She said that Corton was a "must" on the itinerary for her visit. We were successful in getting a seating (the place books weeks in advance). The food was FABULOUS! The wine list was quite nice. The service was superb! This was an expensive dinner and at the end I felt we had gotten our money's worth . The food tastes, textures were incredible. The decor was subtle, relaxing, welcoming. Though the dining room quickly filled we never had to hunt for our server. The service was attentive yet not intrusive. The chocolates presented near the end were unusual combinations that were exceptional to taste. All in all, a fabulous dining experience - well worth the high price tag. Enjoy!
i and a co-worker had the pleassure of dinning in the resturant from the moment you entered the establishment we were greeted by hosteses and the manager was also very pleasant the whole staff made me feel as if i was at home with servers to serve me i was very impressed. my waitress her name was mrs. alttagracia was not only pleasant but very knowledgable and informative, she answered all of my questions and was very attentive to me and my guest need it really made me feel welcome.once the food was fantastic the best paella i/ve ever had and the drink where good too. so for all who want a nice place to eat this is a very wonderful experience you will enjoy , i plan on coming back in the future... thank you
I was introduce to this restaurant by my friend Janina, we were only going to hang out and have drinks and eat. Well much to my surprise it ended being a little birthday dinner for me. This place is one of the most authentic Spanish restaurants and the ambiance is real creole. The food is to die for and the portions are plentiful. I've been there 3 times in the past 2 weeks. I love it there! The service is great the hostess is very warm and gracious and the waiters are finest looking men I have ever seen. My daughter were flirting all night. LOL I recommend this restaurant to all who want to eat good and have a nice time. Two thumbs up for management and staff.!!!!!
As seasoned biochemistry researchers from Rockefeller University just across the water, our MD-PhD have frequented the Trellis often during the 2009-2010 season. Some of us live near Cornell Medical School near Rockefeller University; others live in new buildings on Main Street on Roosevelt Island, just down the road from the Trellis. Consistently, we've found delicious food, great live jazz, and a clean and bright bistro where chefs can cook anything you want, whether light, continental, or fast food. The menu has a nice variety of Italian dishes and Greek salads, soups, fish, meat, pastas and desserts. Service has always been excellent. Open 7 days, 5AM-11PM.
The couple that owns this fantastic halal cart are the nicest people I have ever met in my life!!!!! The food is always fantastic with a wide range of dishes to choose from, that other carts in the city just do not have, this cart is the place to go when you are looking for the best halal food in the mid town Bryant park area I work a few blocks away and I find myself always walking the extra few blocks to eat from this cart passing over 15 on my way to see them. The prices are the most reasonable out of all the carts in the area. I suggest you give them the opportunity to make your lunch They are located on 44th and 6th ave right infront of the TD bank
welcome to the neighborhood, rosina! my roommate and i have been eagerly awaiting your arrival and you did not disappoint. we split a caesar (one of the best i had in a while) and each ordered our own personal pie. brick oven, people, brick oven. i devoured my margarita and she also enjoyed hers (one with mushroom and red peppers). sometimes a cocktail and nosh is all you want. happy to see such a selection. the service from the hostess to our waiter and bussers made us feel like part of the family. we will be back if not regulars. they also serve brunch more breakfast than lunch, but you can pick from one of their many pizzas.
i know there are some folks who don't like the idea that this not a bar full of hot babes but it is a place for those of us who want to be a regular. the more u go the more special u are. the food is very good .if u want wings, a burger, sizzling steak or one of the creative daily specials. my favorite thing is the cold bottled beer and many tv's for sunday football. waitresses are pleasant and try to be as accomodating as kitchen will allow. back yard is a gem that no one knows about. can smoke a cigarette and enjoy ur drink out back. give it a try. if not for u then oh well. my favorite waitress is pat. u can't miss her. lol.
The serving portions are amazing and if you're looking for authentic Dominican food in Washington Heights then this is it. The best time to stop by would undoubtedly be afternoon versus evening, because that's when the place gets packed and on Sundays? Forget about it. The roasted chicken is phenomenal and the sweet plantains are some of the best I've tasted in the area. Definitely a go-to spot if you're in the area for Dominican fare. Good food, friendly staff and don't forget to save room for the mango milkshakes (and you'll definitely be bringing a doggy bag home with you too!)
Had dinner at Nougatine on 12/23 and it was the perfect start to our week in NY. We had the 5 course tasting menu - at $68 pp it was a bargain for what we got. Started with amuse of this cute little fried cheese ball and tomato soup. Next was tuna tartare, then Foie Gras served on toast with this amazing meyer lemon jam. Main courses included a red snapper and beef tenderloin. Dessert was a sampler of apple tart, chocolate cake (with an ouzzy center), apple cider sorbet. Great service and ambiance overlooking the park. Would definitely go back.


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The happy couple left Windsor's Guildhall arm-in-arm amid cheers from crowds of well-wishers.
Camilla emerged from the civil ceremony as wife of the future King and an HRH - with the title the Duchess of Cornwall.
The wedding, which formalised a relationship that has spanned more than 30 years, was not witnessed by the Queen.
Instead, she remained at nearby Windsor Castle, after choosing not to watch her eldest son and new daughter in law read their vows in the non-religious service.
Every other senior member of the Royal Family, except the Duke of Edinburgh, who stayed with the Queen, was present - including Camilla's new stepsons, Princes William and Harry.
Stepping out of the Guildhall, Charles and Camilla faced the world's media for the first time as man and wife.
The heir to the throne's former mistress now wears a royal wedding band of Welsh gold and holds the coveted title Her Royal Highness.
The happy couple had left Windsor Castle minutes earlier for the short drive through packed streets of cheering well-wishers. A small group of spectators booed as they passed, but for most, it was a happy occasion on a sunny April day.
The couple had arrived together to marry, smiling and waving to cheering crowds after being chauffeured slowly up the high street in a Rolls Royce Phantom VI.
Camilla could be seen somewhat nervously holding her clutch bag as she prepared to step from the car and make her grand entrance.
Charles emerged first, wearing a black and grey morning suit, and paused to wait for Camilla as she stepped out.
The Prince greeted his private secretary, Sir Michael Peat, before the couple made their way quickly up the steps, Camilla glancing back just once to smile.
Soon after, when Charles slipped the wedding ring on to Camilla's finger, she became the most senior female royal after the Queen.
Although the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh did not see their eldest son and new daughter-in-law take their vows, they were attending the televised blessing in Windsor Castle.
The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, was presiding in the gothic surroundings of the 15th century St George's Chapel.
Prime Minister Tony Blair, many foreign royals and dignitaries and an array of showbiz names were among the 800-strong congregation.
The wedding, which was meant to have happened yesterday, has been dogged by problems - not least of all the absence of the groom's mother - since news of the couple's engagement leaked out.
Just days before the couple were due to marry, they were forced to postpone their nuptials from Friday to Saturday after they realised they would clash with the Pope's funeral, which Charles, out of duty, knew he must attend.
The couple's ceremony had to be slotted in ahead of three other brides and grooms getting married at the same venue. Charles, 56, and Camilla, 57, had already faced a switch in venue from the Castle to the local town hall after aides discovered licensing Windsor Castle would allow members of the public to marry there too.
Rows also erupted over whether Camilla would ever be known as Queen when - or even if - Charles becomes King.
Technically she will, although aides maintain she will choose to be known as Princess Consort instead.
As the Prince finally made his former mistress his wife, he was watched by just 28 guests in the Guildhall's modest Ascot Room on Windsor's High Street.
Prince William, 22, and 20-year-old Prince Harry were there to see Camilla become their new stepmother.
No media were allowed inside.
Read more about the big day using the links below.

subset: commoncrawl


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Recently, a lot of you (thank you kiss kiss) filled out a reader survey so I can get to know my readers a little more. I was starting to read some of the responses when the words appeared on my screen...... Heart stops. Panic attack knocks at the door. Questions ones every move... Now lets turn to Wiki for some big words... "Selling … [Read more...]
My name is Mrs. Woog and I am a sell out.
I gave you LIFE + Uberkate Giveaway
The first Mothers Day was held in 1908 and it had nothing to do with Hallmark's Marketing Executives sitting around a table trying to work out how to bump up business. It was an American woman Anna Jarvis, who commemorated her mother Ann, who had died a year earlier. Ann was a peace activist, and heavily involved in caring for wounded soldiers at … [Read more...]
Who shrunk my pants and other things I have learnt
I am one of thousands and thousands of parents who are throwing their hands up in joy this morning as the kids go back to school. It seems that they have been on holidays for a month. The first few days of school holidays are always the best. Pyjamas till noon, everyone happy and lazy and relaxed. But then, boredom arrives at the door and things … [Read more...]
Don't forget to press record
It has been a long time between drinks for the much adored and adhered podcast Woog & Berry! Thank you for your patience, all 6 of you. We completely cocked up the start as SOMEBODY FORGOT TO HIT RECORD but we muddle through. It is not safe for work, not safe to listen in the car of you have children on board and generally not safe at all! … [Read more...]
A weekend quickie with Tracey Spicer
Welcome to a new regular feature on ye old WoogsWorld. Who doesn't love a weekend quickie! I am approaching some women who I adore to spill the beans on some very average topics. Today we have the delightful Tracey Spicer, who has a new book out. I was lucky to be sent it a little earlier and my friends, I read it in one day. I just could not … [Read more...]
How to make slime
Not since the loom band summer of 2014 has a fad, or craze taken off with such vigour at Chateau de Woog as is slime manufacturing. Each and every morning I have been waking up to the tiny ping ping ping ping sound of tea-spoons being scraped against my flatware. (Bowls can be classified as flatware, go figure.) At first I found it interesting … [Read more...]
Walking and Talking
This morning I got up, dragged y sorry ass out of bed, made a coffee and drank it. I got the kids off to where they needed to be when the bed beckoned me back. My mind set itself to 100% wallowing and I lay there, staring out the window. It has been one year ago today that we lost our lovely step-dad/dad and for some reason, all of these … [Read more...]
Made With Love
Sponsored by Steggles The smell hit me as I opened the front door of Mrs. Goodman's joint. The smell of warmth and love and beckoning. One of my most favourite aromas ever. Smells that I adore include the following.... A young baby's skin Freshly cut grass Gardenias Coffee Popcorn My Asian Neighbour's house at 6pm because I … [Read more...]
The year was 1987. Bob Hawke was out Prime Minister. It was the year Kylie Minogue released her first single, I should be so Lucky and it was the year that Vietnam Vets were finally recognised for their service, albeit 15 years too late. And it was the year that I first clapped my eyes on a garment known as the bubble skirt. Oh, be still my … [Read more...]
High Maintenence
When you are waiting for your wax lady to knock on the door of the cupboard that has been set up as a waxing station at the back of a nail salon, you have time to ponder things. Things like, why the fuck am I lying on a plastic sheet covered table, waiting for someone to pour hot wax on me, allow them to rip out rogue hair and then give them … [Read more...]


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A Not-So-Fancy and Easy Way To Make Your Eyes Look Big and Bold!
Guide on Makeup Contouring
Lovely glamorous neutral smokey eye featuring brown to define the crease, a nude on the lid, thick black eye liner, white on the lower lash line and long eyelashes to finish off the look Nail Design, Nail Art, Nail Salon, Irvine, Newport Beach
HelloGiggles is a positive online community for women (although men are always welcome!) covering news, culture, entertainment, beauty, fashion, and more. And now, we are growing beyond just the website to include video, film, television and events.
Lovely 'Shimmering Autumn' Idea Gallery look by Iheartmakeupart using Makeup Geek eyeshadows Cocoa Bear, Gold Digger, Latte, Mocha and Peach Smoothie along with Immortal gel liner and Afterglow pigment! Beautiful look! Click to see more!
Golden Smokey Eye Tutorial
This website is for sale! is your first and best source for all of the information you're looking for. From general topics to more of what you would expect to find here, has it all. We hope you find what you are searching for!
Thunder thighs!? No way...especially with this thigh trimmer workout you can do anywhere
Blue brown pigment by #mac ombré liner from daphnelaurenmakeup
sweet plum look


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The D-Link DAP-1520 WiFi AC750 Dual Band Range Extender is a portable plug-in repeater that lets you extend an existing wireless network. You can place it anywhere in your home to increase the range of your wireless network. Tiny yet powerful, it supports Wireless AC speeds of up to 750 Mbps,yet fits in the palm of your hand.
- Next Generation 11AC WiFi with wireless speeds of up to 750 Mbps (300Mbps on 2.4GHz + 433Mbps on 5GHz)
- Dual-band connectivity for less interference
- Compact design - no additional power cables required
- Easy setup with WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)
- WPA/WPA2 wireless encryption for additional security
- 802.11n/g/a backward compatible
Protection Agreements
One smart decision calls for another. Safeguard your new purchase with the best repair and replacement coverage in the business. A Sears Protection Agreement picks up where the limited manufacturer's warranty leaves off. Enjoy the peace of mind that comes from having a plan that delivers what it promises. (Learn More)
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|Data Link Protocol
|IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac (draft)
|2.4 GHz, 5 GHz
|Number of Antennas
|Included with Item:
|General Warranty
|1 year limited
|Materials & Finishes:
|Item Weight (lbs.)
|Jacks, IN-OUT:
|Type of Antenna
|Encryption Details
|128-bit WEP, 64-bit WEP, WPA, WPA2
|Inputs & Outputs:
|Range extender
|Overall Dimensions
|2.3" x 3.6" x 1.4"
|Compliant Standards - Miscellaneous
|UL, C-Tick, EMC, IC, FCC, EMI
|Compliant Standards - Networking
|IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac (draft)
|Connectivity Technology - Networking
|Data Transfer Rate - Networking
|750 Mbps
|Device Type - General
|Wi-Fi range extender
|Features - Networking
|Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
|Form Factor - Networking
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Following are highlights of recent action at the Capitol. Legislation to prevent casinos from donating money to most ballot issue committees — thus limiting their influence on state policy — won approval in a Senate committee. However, it failed to ...Read More »
Debate Continues: Tougher Drunken Driving Laws
A number of states may balk at being forced by the federal government to toughen drunken driving laws, despite the threat of losing federal road funds, House Speaker Chuck Perricone said. U.S. House and Senate negotiators have agreed to require ...Read More »
Internet Harassment Prompts Legislation
For nearly a year Debra Marsh lived in terror as "a prisoner" in her own home, the target of obscene phone calls from men all over the country. Finally, police discovered that her estranged husband had posted her name, physical ...Read More »
MSC Elections Are 'Different'
When Democrats criticized the (since canceled) Republican TV ads portraying Supreme Court candidate E. Thomas Fitzgerald as "soft on crime," they pointed out that tough Oakland County Prosecutor L. Brooks Patterson had previously endorsed Fitzgerald. So how could Fitzgerald be ...Read More »
'Frozen Embryo' Mother A Federal Fugitive
A woman who unsuccessfully sued a reproductive clinic for custody of five frozen embryos is now a fugitive from the FBI. The woman, Sara Bohn, is being sought on charges of parental kidnapping after she took her 4-year-old son, John, ...Read More »
Voodoo Evidence
A 74-year-old Ypsilanti Township woman, Ruth Floyd, was convicted of using a shotgun to murder her daughter-in-law, the mother of her two grandchildren, Kim Floyd. And now the Court of Appeals has determined that there was no error when the ...Read More »
Down To The Wire
The incumbent Supreme Court candidates are not enjoying the healthy leads that usually come with the title "Justice." According to a poll commissioned by Inside Michigan Politics, the Republican incumbents are in a close contest with the Democratic challengers. The ...Read More »
Laid-Off Employee's Fraud Suit Rejected
Claimed Company Told Him It Was HealthyRead More »
Altered Advertisement
The Republican-sponsored TV ad accusing Michigan Supreme Court candidate and Court of Appeals Judge E. Thomas Fitzgerald of being "soft on crime" has been revamped in response to Democratic charges of inaccuracy. But not everyone is pleased with the changes. ...Read More »
Cussing Construction Worker
Michigan's infamous century-old "anti-swearing" law is being tested again: this time against a construction worker who allegedly used profanity in front of two women, one accompanied by a 4-year-old child. The worker was stopped and identified by an Oakland County ...Read More »


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We recently spoke with with Dr. Betsy Blair, creator and chiropractor behind the Descaid phenomenon, to ask her a few questions about the product, and life beyond! 1) How did you form the idea for Descaid? As a chiropractor, I treated a lot of people who had aches and pains from spending so much time Read More
Tag: ergonomic chairs
Sitting in front of your computer
I know we've talked about this before, but it bears repeating. In years past when good ergonomic positioning was taught it was taught that a person's hips, knees and ankles should all be at 90 degree angles. This was thought to be good positioning, so a good ergonomic chair was one that put you in Read More
What is the best chair?
Someone asked me today, what is the best chair for working at a desk? There isn't one perfect chair for everyone. First of all, I would sit in different chairs and find out which one feels the most comfortable. It's important to have good lumbar (low back) support for the natural curve we have in Read More


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Real-time urinary electrolyte monitoring after furosemide administration in surgical ICU patients with normal renal function
DOI: 10.1186/s13613-016-0168-y
© The Author(s) 2016
Received: 30 March 2016
Accepted: 28 June 2016
Published: 22 July 2016
Although the loop-diuretic furosemide is widely employed in critically ill patients with known long-term effects on plasma electrolytes, accurate data describing its acute effects on renal electrolyte handling and the generation of plasma electrolyte alterations are lacking. We hypothesized that the long-term effects of furosemide on plasma electrolytes and acid–base depend on its immediate effects on electrolyte excretion rate and patient clinical baseline characteristics. By monitoring urinary electrolytes quasi-continuously, we aimed to verify this hypothesis in a cohort of surgical ICU patients with normal renal function.
We retrospectively enrolled 39 consecutive patients admitted to a postoperative ICU after major surgery, and receiving single low-dose intravenous administration of furosemide. Urinary output, pH, sodium [Na+], potassium [K+], chloride [Cl−] and ammonium [NH4 +] concentrations were measured every 10 min for three to 8 h. Urinary anion gap (AG), electrolyte excretion rate, fractional excretion (Fe) and time constant of urinary [Na+] variation (τNa+) were calculated.
Ten minutes after furosemide administration (12 ± 5 mg), urinary [Na+] and [Cl−], and their excretion rates, increased to similar levels (P < 0.001). After the first hour, urinary [Cl−] decreased less rapidly than [Na+], leading to a reduction in urinary AG and pH and an increment in urinary [NH4 +] (P < 0.001). Median urinary [Cl−] over the first 3-h period was higher than baseline urinary and plasmatic [Cl−] (P < 0.001). During the first 2 h, difference between FeCl− and FeNa+ increased (P < 0.05). Baseline higher values of central venous pressure and FeNa+ were associated with greater increases in FeNa+ after furosemide (P = 0.03 and P = 0.007), whereas higher values of mean arterial and central venous pressures were associated with a longer τNa+ (P < 0.05). In patients receiving multiple administrations (n = 11), arterial pH, base excess and strong ion difference increased, due to a decrease in plasmatic [Cl−].
Low-dose furosemide administration immediately modifies urinary electrolyte excretion rates, likely in relation to the ongoing proximal tubular activity, unveiled by its inhibitory action on Henle's loop. Such effects, when cumulative, found the bases for the long-term alterations observed. Real-time urinary electrolyte monitoring may help in tailoring patient diuretic and hemodynamic therapies.
KeywordsFurosemide Loop-diuretics Urinary sodium Urinary chloride Metabolic alkalosis
The loop-diuretic furosemide is one of the most frequent pharmacological treatments employed in intensive care unit (ICU) [1, 2]. Although generally accepted indications include extravascular fluid accumulation and reduced urinary output [3], in the last decade much attention has been paid on the role of furosemide in the prevention, treatment [4], and early detection [5] of acute kidney injury (AKI). Nonetheless, data supporting these indications are still controversial, and general recommendations regarding furosemide administration are not yet clearly standardized [6, 7].
The most frequent method of administration in ICU is the intravenous bolus [1, 8]. The rationale for such administration relies on its mechanism of action, directly inhibiting the sodium–potassium-2 chloride (Na+/K+/2Cl−) cotransport of the think ascending limb of Henle's loop (NKCC2) [9, 10]. Consequently to such inhibition, in patients with normal renal function, furosemide leads to the excretion of up to 20–25 % of the filtered Na+, and, in parallel, to an alteration of urinary excretion of other main electrolytes [6]. Moreover, its administration is often associated with a variable effect on urinary output and fractional excretion of Na+ [2], and with alterations in plasma electrolytes concentrations and acid–base equilibrium [11, 12], often leading to metabolic alkalosis.
Despite its extensive use, accurate data describing the physiological effects of furosemide in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) are still lacking [7]. Except for few reports describing its hemodynamics and neurohumoral effects [13, 14], no studies have accurately investigated heretofore the acute and immediate effects of furosemide on renal electrolytes handling, which may affect both the renal response to its administration and the associated alterations in acid–base equilibrium.
In preliminary studies, we have recently employed a urinary analyzer (K.IN.G.®, Kidney Instant Monitoring®), allowing quasi-continuous measurement of urinary pH and urinary concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl− and ammonium (NH4 +) [15]. Therefore, by retrospectively analyzing the minute-by-minute urinary electrolyte profile, we aimed first to elucidate, in a cohort of ICU patients with normal renal function, the acute renal response to a low-dose intravenous bolus of furosemide and its correlation with patient clinical characteristics. Second, we aimed to investigate the relationship between urinary electrolyte excretion and the development of metabolic alkalosis, as the most frequently observed alteration of acid-base associated with loop-diuretic administration.
Study population
We retrospectively analyzed patients admitted between November 2009 and June 2010 to the postoperative ICU of our Institution after major surgery and connected to the urinary analyzer K.IN.G.® (Kardia s.r.l., Milan, Italy). As previously reported [15], we preliminary investigated the applicability of the analyzer K.IN.G.® in a cohort of 200 ICU patients. Inclusion criteria of the current study were intravenous administration of furosemide during ICU stay, as decided by the attending physician for clinical purposes, the connection of the patient to the urinary analyzer K.IN.G.® and a period of at least 3 h of urinary monitoring after the administration. We excluded patients with less than 18 years of age, chronic or acute renal failure, admitted after liver transplantation or low-genitourinary tract surgery, or receiving intra-operatively diuretics. The study was compliant with the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local Institutional Review Board (study #1961, on 09/07/2013, Ethical Committee of Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy), who waived patient consent based upon the observational nature of the study.
Study design
We divided the study population into three different groups based upon the duration of urinary monitoring. The first group included all patients enrolled (single-dose group), in which observation period lasted at least 3 h. The second group included patients in whom observation period lasted up to 8 h (long-term group). The third group included patients who received two or more doses of furosemide during urinary monitoring (multiple-dose group).
Data collection
We collected data regarding patient demographic, anamnestic, baseline clinical characteristics and dosage of furosemide administered. Moreover, we retrieved data regarding hemodynamics, respiratory and renal functionality, arterial blood gas and laboratory analyses just before the administration of furosemide. For patients included in the multiple-dose group, plasmatic electrolyte concentrations and parameters of acid–base equilibrium were obtained before the first and after the last administration. Alterations of acid base equilibrium in patients receiving multiple furosemide administrations were evaluated by using the Stewart approach to acid–base [18] identifying correlations between electrolyte concentrations and acid–base balance variations. The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article (and its additional files—see Additional files 1, 2 and 3).
Urinary analyzer K.IN.G. ®
All the patients included in the study were connected, through their urinary catheter, to the urinary analyzer K.IN.G.® before furosemide administration. This analyzer provides quasi-continuous measurements (every 10 min) of urinary pH, concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl− and NH4 +, as well as urinary output [15]. The measuring principle of the analyzer relies on the potentiometric method, by means of ion-sensible sensors. For this reason, analyses were obtained without any dilution process.
Calculations and definitions
Urinary anion gap (AG) was defined as the difference between urinary concentrations of all measured cations (i.e., [Na+] and [K+]) and anions (i.e., [Cl−]) [17], whereas plasmatic strong ion difference (SID) as the difference between plasmatic concentration of all measured cations (i.e., [Na+] and [K+]) and anions (i.e., [Cl−] and lactate) [18]. Time constant of urinary [Na+] variation (\( \tau {\text{Na}}^{ + }_{\text{U}} \)) was mathematically defined as the time required observing a decrease in urinary [Na+] down to approximately 63 % of its initial increase after furosemide administration.
Statistical analysis
Comparison of baseline parameters was performed by Student's t test, the Mann–Whitney rank sum test, the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. Variations in urinary pH and electrolyte concentrations over time were analyzed with one-way or two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements, as appropriate. Comparison between linear regressions was performed by employing the test for equal intercept. To investigate the relationship between baseline clinical characteristics and renal response to furosemide administration, study population was divided according to median values of hemodynamic and renal functional parameters, as well as according to the median value of \( \tau {\text{Na}}^{ + }_{\text{U}} \). Data are expressed as mean ± SD, or median (25th–75th percentile), as appropriate. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. Analysis was performed by using Sigma Plot 12.5 (Systat Software) and SAS 9.2 computer software (SAS Institute).
Study population
Characteristics of the patients at baseline
Single-dose group
(n = 39)
Long-term group
(n = 24)
Multiple-dose group
(n = 11)
Age (years)
69 ± 11
67 ± 13
69 ± 16
Sex female—no. (%)
15 (38)
7 (29)
4 (36)
BMI (kg/m2)
26 ± 5
26 ± 5
25 ± 3
Causes of admission—no. (%)
Gastrointestinal surgery
12 (31)
4 (17)
5 (46)
Liver surgery
6 (15)
5 (21)
2 (18)
Thoracic surgery
16 (41)
12 (50)
2 (18)
5 (13)
3 (12)
2 (18)
5 (13)
2 (8)
2 (18)
6 (15)
2 (8)
2 (18)
RAAS inhibitors
2 (5)
1 (4)
0 (0)
Length of study period (hours)
22 ± 13
Furosemide dose (mg)
12 ± 5
12 ± 5
38 ± 17
CVP (mmHg)a
8.4 ± 3.2
7.7 ± 3.1
10.3 ± 3.1
Diuresis (ml/kg/h)
0.6 ± 0.3
0.8 ± 0.5
0.9 ± 0.3
Creatinine clearance (ml/min)a
83 ± 35
73 ± 35
73 ± 44
Arterial pHaa
7.42 ± 0.04
7.43 ± 0.03
7.42 ± 0.05
Arterial PCO2 (mmHg)a
39.9 ± 3.9
39.6 ± 3.6
40.5 ± 4.5
Na+ (mEq/L)
138 ± 3
138 ± 3
138 ± 3.0
K+ (mEq/L)
4.1 ± 0.4
4.2 ± 0.4
3.8 ± 0.4
Cl− (mEq/L)
107.0 ± 3.6
107 ± 3
109 ± 4.0
Lactate (mEq/L)a
1.1 ± 0.5
1.1 ± 0.5
1.2 ± 0.7
SID (mEq/L)a
34.1 ± 2.6
33.3 ± 2.1
32.0 ± 1.9
Arterial BE (mmol/L)a
1.6 ± 2.6
2.0 ± 2.9
1.8 ± 3.1
Urinary pH and electrolytes after furosemide administration as single bolus
Urinary electrolyte, pH and anion gap profile at baseline and during 3-h furosemide administration
0–30 min
30–60 min
60–90 min
90–120 min
120–180 min
Median 3 h
[Na+]U (mEq/L)
57 (31–88)
142 (130–158)*
141 (127–151)*
134 (113–143)*
116 (97–129)*
91 (105–136)
134 (116–142)
[K+]U (mEq/L)
56 (39–79)
22 (16–30)*
19 (17–26)*
26 (21–33)*
32 (25–38)*
36 (29–44)*
24 (19–32)
[Cl−]U (mEq/L)
118 (84–131)
137 (130–153)*
137 (129–155)*
139 (127–156)*
134 (123–152)*
131 (106–142)
135 (127–149)
[NH4 +]U (mEq/L)
7.0 (1.5–11.7)
6.0 (4.2–8.6)
6.7 (4.7–9.3)
8.6 (6.6–11.8)*
9.8 (6.9–14.2)*
10.3 (6.8–13.0)*
7.6 (5.8–9.4)
Diuresis (ml/kg/h)
1.0 (0.5–1.3)
5.4 (3.4–7.7)*
4.1 (3.0–5.9)*
2.3 (1.7–3.6)*
1.5 (1.1–2.5)*
1.1 (0.8–1.6)
2.7 (2.0–3.5)
Diuresis (ml/h)a
53 (34–76)
325 (221–394)*
114 (95–179)*
71 (53–100)
528 (413–652)
AGU (mEq/L)
17 (−4 to 42)
28 (17–40)*
19 (11–31)
17 (0–27)
11 (−6 to 26)
5 (−7 to 23)*
20 (8–29)
\( {\text{Na}}^{ + }_{\text{U}} \) (µEq/kg/min)
0.8 (0.2–1.5)
13.3 (8.0–19.8)*
9.6 (5.9–13.7)*
5.1 (2.9–7.0)*
2.9 (1.9–5.4)*
1.7 (0.9–3.1)
6.6 (4.0–8.4)
\( {\text{K}}^{ + }_{\text{U}} \) (µEq/kg/min)
0.8 (0.5–1.0)
1.9 (1.3–2.5)*
1.4 (1.0–1.7)*
1.1 (0.8–1.4)*
0.8 (0.6–1.0)
0.7 (0.5–1.0)
1.1 (1–1.3)
\( {\text{Cl}}^{ - }_{\text{U}} \) (µEq/kg/min)
1.6 (0.8–2.5)
12.9 (8.2–18.4)*
10.1 (6.4–13.7)*
5.9 (3.8–7.9)*
3.5 (2.6–5.9)*
2.3 (1.7–3.8)
7 (4.2–8.2)
\( {{\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }}_{\text{U}} \) (µEq/kg/min)
0.09 (0.01–0.22)
0.45 (0.30–0.94)*
0.45 (0.32–0.62)*
0.35 (0.21–0.50)*
0.25 (0.15–0.39)*
0.20 (0.13–0.29)
0.34 (0.21–0.47)
FeNa+ (%)b
0.4 (0.2–1.1)
8.2 (6.1–12.5)*
6.6 (4.1–10.0)*
3.5 (1.8–6.4)*
1.8 (1.0–4.4)*
0.9 (0.6–2.4)
3.9 (2.7–5.7)
FeK+ (%)b
18 (13–35)
47 (38–65)*
35 (25–43)*
28 (17–35)
22 (14–29)
17 (9–25)
29 (21 – 35)
FeCl− (%)b
1.4 (0.6–2.3)
10.4 (7.1–16.4)*
8.4 (6.5–12.5)*
4.5 (3.4–9.2)*
2.7 (1.9–5.0)*
1.8 (1.1–3.7)
5.5 (4.1–8.1)
Short-term variability of furosemide on urinary Na+ excretion rate
Long-term observation
Plasmatic acid–base equilibrium before and after furosemide administration
7.43 (7.40–7.46)
7.46 (7.43–7.48)
PaCO2 (mmHg)
40 (38–43)
41 (39–45)
HCO3 − (mmol/L)
26.6 (25.3–28.3)
29.0 (28.5–30.6)
BE (mmol/L)
2.2 (1.5–4.6)
5.5 (4.2–6.8)
SID (mEq/L)
31 (31–33)
35 (34–36)
Na+ (mEq/L)
139 (135–142)
140 (137–141)
K+ (mEq/L)
3.7 (3.5–4.4)
3.8 (3.5–4.2)
Cl− (mEq/L)
110 (106–111)
106 (105–109)
Lactate (mEq/L)
0.9 (0.7–2.2)
1.0 (0.7–1.2)
Our study shows that intravenous administration of furosemide, even at low doses, in patients with relatively normal renal function, induces an immediate subverting of both normal urinary excretion rate and concentration of main electrolytes, which commences very rapidly, and may have subsequent long-term effects as an additive result of sequential administrations.
As a first alteration, in parallel with the rapid increase in urinary output, urinary [Na+] constantly increased up to a value close to plasma [Na+] (about 142 mEq/L, as average). Notably, such increase did not appear related to baseline urinary [Na+] before administration (ranging from 5.0 to 166 mEq/L). Few studies have previously analyzed the time course of urinary [Na+] after furosemide administration, being limited to the cumulative natriuresis (over a 24-h period), or the average urinary [Na+] over a longer time [2, 19, 20]. In these investigations, urinary [Na+] appeared lower than that observed in our study (120–125 mEq/L), but similar, as average, to that measured over the 8-h period, as the possible dilution of the early peaked urinary [Na+] with its following reduction. Overall, the urinary [Na+] time profile highlights the action of loop-diuretics within the nephron. By inhibiting the cotransport NKCC2 of the Henle's loop, which generates the hyperosmolar gradient of medullary interstitium [21], furosemide switches off acutely such generation, equilibrating the interstitial osmolality with that of plasma of the peri-tubular capillaries. Therefore, pre-urine arriving to the distal tubules after Henle's loop inhibition equilibrates with the medullary interstitial space, appearing similar to that of plasma.
Patients with higher values of CVP or FeNa+ showed a greater increment in FeNa+ after furosemide as compared to those with lower values. Moreover, CVP was higher in patients presenting a slower decrease in urinary [Na+] over time (longer \( \tau {\text{Na}}^{ + }_{\text{U}} \)), as compared to patients with a shorter \( \tau {\text{Na}}^{ + }_{\text{U}} \). Expansion of intravascular and right atrial volume have been consistently associated with the release into circulation of both atrial (ANP) and brain natriuretic (BNP) peptides, as a consequence of myocardial stretch [22]. ANP/BNP are thought to promote natriuresis by inhibiting Na+ reabsorption in the medullary collecting tubules [23], as well as in the proximal tubule [24, 25]. Although we did not directly measure serum ANP/BNP, we may speculate that the acute resetting of the cotransport NKCC2-dependent hyperosmolality of the Henle's loop unveils the Na+-excretive ANP/BNP-related state characterizing both the proximal and the medullary collecting tubules, especially in patients with greater blood volume expansion.
In parallel with the slow decrease in urinary [Cl−] and the urinary [Na+]–[Cl−] dissociation, we observed a late progressive increase in urinary [NH4 +]. Renal ammonia production predominantly derives from glutamine metabolism in proximal tubular cells [26, 27]. Moreover, pre-urinary NH4 + competes with K+ for the cotransport NKCC2, which is responsible for NH4 + reabsorption, and NH3/NH4 + recycling within the interstitial medulla [28]. It is conceivable that the late increase in urinary [NH4 +] may be related to an increased aldosterone synthesis and release, enhancing the activity of the luminal H+-ATPase of type A intercalated cells [29], thus increasing the acidification of urine and the amount of NH3 transformed into NH4 + and trapped into the lumen [28, 30].
In the subgroup of patients receiving multiple administrations, we observed the development, in about 22 h, of mild metabolic alkalosis. Several studies have investigated loop-diuretics-induced metabolic alkalosis, focusing on its maintenance and recovery [31, 32], whereas few have investigated its generation. Traditionally, the generation of diuretic-induced metabolic alkalosis is considered as related to the contraction of extracellular fluid volume and the consequent increase in HCO3 − concentration [33]. In contrast, recent studies have clearly pointed out the crucial role of Cl− depletion, as opposed to volume depletion, as the main mechanism maintaining diuretic-induced metabolic alkalosis [32]. According to the Stewart's approach to acid–base equilibrium, metabolic alkalosis is determined either by a reduced plasma concentration of non-volatile weak acids or by an increased plasma SID [34]. In our study, this alteration appeared associated with an increased plasma SID, due to a reduction in plasma [Cl−] [35]. During the 8-h period, median urinary [Cl−] significantly increased as compared to baseline, and as compared to baseline plasma [Cl−], mainly due to the first 3-h period, in which we observed an early peaked urinary [Cl−], and a slower decrement, as compared to urinary [Na+] time course. Similarly, in patients receiving multiple doses, median urinary [Cl−] tended to be higher than baseline plasma [Cl−], likely resulting from the cumulative effect of repetitive administrations, which rapidly increase urinary [Cl−].
Which are the mechanisms underlying the higher urinary [Cl−] excretion rate, as dissociated from [Na+], as the key factor generating hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis? First, the acute "switching-off" of the Henle's loop unveils the quality of the pre-urine originating at the end of the proximal tubule, which may acutely reach the end of the nephron as unmodified. Along the proximal tubule, luminal [Cl−] increases to levels higher than plasma [Cl−] because of a different Cl− permeability of the luminal membrane, whereas [Na+] remains constant [36]. Second, the slow decrement in urinary [Cl−], resulting in an increased urinary [Na+]–[Cl−] difference, may be due to both a secondary increased activity of aldosterone, promoting a Cl−-independent cortical Na+ reabsorption, and a reduced activity of the luminal Cl−/HCO3 − exchanger pendrin, mediating Cl− reabsorption and HCO3 − secretion in type B cortical intercalated cells [37, 38]. We may hypothesize that the long-term effects of furosemide depend on its acute and immediate inhibition on Henle's loop, unveiling the activity of nephron proximal tubules, which, as an additive effect of sequential administrations, is responsible of the long-term effects observed.
Our study has certain limitations. First, the sample size included is limited, thereby preventing us to fully investigate the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the urinary electrolyte alterations observed. Second, due to the retrospective and observational nature of the study, we cannot exclude the effects of possible confounding factors, which we were not able to control. Nonetheless, the consistency of the urinary data observed supports the solidity and the biological plausibility of the findings observed. Third, since plasma creatinine is clinically assessed once daily, GFR was estimated, and not directly calculated, therefore partially limiting the accuracy of electrolyte Fe calculations. Finally, no direct data were obtained on the activation of either ANP/BNP or the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in parallel with furosemide administration.
Our findings may have also some clinical implications, which warrant further verifications. First, the renal response to furosemide observed in patients with normal renal function provides a pathophysiological rationale for the furosemide stress test to early detect AKI [5], especially when the injury deemed responsible for renal failure is located at the proximal tubular level [39]. Similarly, the acute response observed after furosemide may unveil patient Na+-retaining or Na+-excretive state independent of Henle's loop activity, thereby helping in tailoring patient hemodynamic management. The late increase in urinary NH4 + potentially associated with an aldosterone-induced increase in H+-ATPase activity may suggest an increased renal O2 consumption following furosemide, in contrast to previous findings [14, 40], which may warn about the use of furosemide in clinical condition at risk of AKI. Finally, our findings highlight the importance of the increased urinary [Cl−] excretion rate as the key mechanism generating diuretic-induced metabolic alkalosis. A real-time urinary electrolyte monitoring may represent a potential novel tool to elucidate the specific effects of loop-diuretics in ICU patients, while clarifying its variable efficacy and helping in better tailoring patient hemodynamics therapy.
In this study, for the first time, we accurately describe in surgical ICU patients with relatively normal renal function the urinary electrolyte excretion profile during the acute phase following the administration of an intravenous bolus of furosemide. Low-dose furosemide administration immediately modifies urinary electrolyte excretion rates, likely in relation to the ongoing proximal tubular activity and patients baseline clinical characteristics, both unveiled by its inhibitory action on Henle's loop. Such effects, when cumulative, found the bases for the long-term acid–base alterations observed. Real-time urinary electrolyte monitoring may represent an interesting and useful tool for better tailoring patient diuretic and hemodynamic therapies.
anion gap
acute kidney injury
atrial natriuretic peptide
base excess
body mass index
brain natriuretic peptide
- Cl− :
central venous pressure
- FeCl− :
fractional excretion of chloride
- FeK+ :
fractional excretion of potassium
- FeNa+ :
fractional excretion of sodium
glomerular filtration rate
hydrogen ion
intensive care unit
Kidney Instant Monitoring®
mean arterial pressure
- Na+ :
sodium–potassium-2 chloride of thick ascending limb of Henle's loop
- PaCO2 :
arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide
renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
strong ion difference
- \( \tau {\text{Na}}^{ + }_{\text{U}} \) :
time constant of urinary sodium concentration variation
Authors' contributions
LZ and PC were involved in study design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing and drafting. DO, PB, SS, CM participated in the acquisition and interpretation of the data, and in the final revision of the manuscript. ES and MF were involved in data processing, statistical analysis and interpretation, and participated in the writing and drafting of the manuscript. LG was involved in the study design and the final revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We are indebted to Roberto Castenetto and Giovanni Longoni (Kardia s.r.l., Milan, Italy) for their invaluable support and their technical assistance during the study; and to the physicians and nursing staff of the postoperative ICU "Zonda" of the Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione ed Emergenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy, for their invaluable support and cooperation during data acquisition. We also would like to thank the study patients and their relatives for their participation.
Competing interests
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
The current study was partially funded by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM, ECCRN Clinical Research Award 2008, Pietro Caironi as Principal Investigator).
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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- Vallet M, Picard N, Loffing-Cueni D, Fysekidis M, Bloch-Faure M, Deschênes G, Breton S, Meneton P, Loffing J, Aronson PS, Chambrey R, Eladari D. Pendrin regulation in mouse kidney primarily is chloride-dependent. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17:2153–63.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bonventre JV, Yang L. Cellular pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:4210–21.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Warner L, Glockner JF, Woollard J, Textor SC, Romero JC, Lerman LO. Determinations of renal cortical and medullary oxygenation using blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging and selective diuretics. Invest Radiol. 2011;46:41–7.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar


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Personal Statement
I'm a caring, skilled professional, dedicated to simplifying what is often a very complicated and confusing area of health care....more
I'm a caring, skilled professional, dedicated to simplifying what is often a very complicated and confusing area of health care.
More about Dr. Srinivas K H
Dr. Srinivas K H is an experienced Ophthalmologist in HAL, Bangalore. He has had many happy patients in his 15 years of journey as a Ophthalmologist. He is a MBBS . He is currently associated with Sree Priya Eye Care Centre in HAL, Bangalore. You can book an instant appointment online with Dr. Srinivas K H on Lybrate.com.
Find numerous Ophthalmologists in India from the comfort of your home on Lybrate.com. You will find Ophthalmologists with more than 32 years of experience on Lybrate.com. You can find Ophthalmologists online in Bangalore and from across India. View the profile of medical specialists and their reviews from other patients to make an informed decision.
Find numerous Ophthalmologists in India from the comfort of your home on Lybrate.com. You will find Ophthalmologists with more than 32 years of experience on Lybrate.com. You can find Ophthalmologists online in Bangalore and from across India. View the profile of medical specialists and their reviews from other patients to make an informed decision.
MBBS - Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, - 2002
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18 years old male asked
My friend is 17 years old and has a power of -6 in both eyes. He is wearing specs from last 10 years, he started with -2. How can he control this growth with some Yoga/Exercise.
MS - Ophthalmology, MBBS
Ophthalmologist, Jaipur
Good nutrition, dry fruits and vegetables and breathing exercises help your retina. Upto the age of 21 years, you may get slight increase of myopia. Get your retina examined.
24 years old male from Meerut asked
MBBS, DOMS, MS - Ophthalmology, , Fellowship in phacoemusification
Ophthalmologist, Patna
20 years old female from Howrah asked
I m having red eye problem. Whenever I wear lenses my eye become reddish and it pains a lots. I won't be able to see in deep light. As it pains a lot. please suggest me any solution for my problem.
19 years old male from Allahabad asked
I am suffering from Headache from the last 1 waek. And in my eyes get red and pained so please give me a medical tip?
Diploma in Diet and Nutrition, M.Sc - Psychology, BHMS
Homeopath, Delhi
It seems like an eye infection, so would suggest you to meet an eye specialist personally as it requires examination first.
20 years old male from Jammu asked
Sir you have eyes problem During every hit season my eyes or swell and got reddish BT not in winter it only happens in summer season.
Hello. I think you have allergic conjunctivitis. 1. Eye allergies, called allergic conjunctivitis, are a common condition that occurs when the eyes react to something that irritates them (called an allergen). 2. The eyes produce a substance called histamine to fight off the allergen. As a result, the eyelids and conjunctiva (the thin, filmy membrane that covers the inside of your eyelids) become red, swollen and itchy, with tearing and burning. The key to treating eye allergies is a. Avoid or limit contact with the substance causing the problem. B. Avoid rubbing eyes instead do cold compresses. Use antiallergic eyedrop along with lubricating eyedrop. This will help you I am very sorry dear to say that there is no medicine that can cure allergy. Only way is to stay away from all those things that you are allergic to.
Shared 1 year ago • Featured Tip
Homeopath, Sindhudurg
1. Additional salt should not be taken in the diet.
2. Excess sweet eatables should not be used.
3. Sugar should be taken in little quantity.
4. Hard water (which contains lime) should not be drunk.
5. Fruits juice should be drunk in large quantity.
6. Other treatment related to the eyes should be used to cure this disease.
7. The patient should not do reading and writing work in dim light.
8. The patient should not do any work which pressurizes the eyes.
9. Small and zigzag letters should not be read.
2. Excess sweet eatables should not be used.
3. Sugar should be taken in little quantity.
4. Hard water (which contains lime) should not be drunk.
5. Fruits juice should be drunk in large quantity.
6. Other treatment related to the eyes should be used to cure this disease.
7. The patient should not do reading and writing work in dim light.
8. The patient should not do any work which pressurizes the eyes.
9. Small and zigzag letters should not be read.
22 years old male from Tirunelveli asked
Sir my eye is over stress every day busy life and I have always small fear in my every day life so how to solve this problem sir.
18 years old male asked
MBBS, MBA (Healthcare)
General Physician, Delhi
27 years old female from Hyderabad asked
Hi, I am 30 years old, diabetes since 21 years recently contact eye doctor for eye checkup but doctor told cataract is there in my right eye just it is so small no need of surgery what type of diet I should take to keep it constant but my sugar level are under control. please suggest me what should and what should not eat?
MBBS, CCEBDM, Diploma in Diabetology
Endocrinologist, Hubli-Dharwad
Hi there is no way one can keep a cataract small or not allow it to grow. Over next few weeks to months it will develop and then it has to be operated. Restricted diet helps in controlling blood sugar. When blood sugar is control fasting should be closer to 100 mg and pp 150 to 160 mg and hba1c%, 7 if this is achieved, then that is good. Basically avoid sweets, deep fried food, junk foods, pastries and sweetened aerated drinks. Consume more of green leafy vegetables, salads, permitted fruits (100 g a day). Use whole grain products and whole grain flour for roti and chapati. Diet should provide exact calories based on your weight, extent of daily exercise and blood sugar levels. With regards.
24 years old male from Kolkata asked
How to reduce myopia. Please refer me some yoga, natural process or eye drop or good medicines on it. I have -1.75 LE and -0.75RE.
unfortunately there are no natural medications to remove spectacles permanently. you can either try contact lenses or plan for refractive lasik laser surgery
0 year old male from Sitapur asked
FICO, DNB Ophtalmology
Ophthalmologist, Gandhinagar
Hi lybrate-user. I have a few suggestions for you regarding the usage of computers, mobile phones and books. Follow the rule of" 20" this means that every 20 minutes, take a gap of 20 seconds, blink your eyes actively 20 times and focus at an object which is minimum 20 feet away. This will help in relieving your eyes from the continuous strain that is caused due to staring. Staring at the computer continuously causes us to subconsciously blink less than normal. This causes the tear film on the surface of the eye to dry up. The result of this is pain, discomfort, etc. Another suggestions regarding the usage of computers is to maintain a proper posture. The computer must be positioned at the same height as your eye level. The neck should not be inadvertently flexed or extended. Roughly, an angle of 90 degrees should be maintained between your upper body and thighs. Likewise, a similar angle (90 degrees) should be maintained between your lower legs and thighs. Also the angle between your hands and arms should be roughly 90 degrees. This is the healthy ergonomic way of sitting while using a computer. Maintenance of proper posture would help in further relieving the symptoms of eye discomfort and pain. You could consider preservative free lubricant eye drops 4 to 5 times daily. These eye drops would ensure that your eyes stay well lubricated and fresh. All these suggestions may take a while to sink in and imbibe in your routine. Once followed, they are sure to work wonders for you. Also, consider using a preservative free lubricant eye drop (genteal eye drops) 4 to 5 times in a day for both eyes. For further queries, it would be a better idea to do a video consultation or audio consultation via lybrate. Hope my suggestions help you. Take care.
32 years old male from Lucknow asked
Sir I have a private job and work there about 8 hours at computer. My eyesight is weak what should I do for my eye problem. Right eye glass power plus 4.5 and left eye 3.5.
Hello. There is no medication or food for improving eye sight or to get rid of glasses. Get your vision tested and wear glasses. If not interested in glasses then you can try a. Contact lens b. Lasik laser as your age is now 31 years so your number will not increase now whether you wear glasses or not as number becomes stable at age of 18-20 yrs. Having said that I advise you to eat balanced diet including green vegetables and seasonal fruits for keeping eyes and body healthy. Lasik is a very easy and painless procedure. If you want to get rid of glasses then go for lasik.
23 years old male from Chennai asked
I have very less vision on my left eye by birth and the eyes point in different directions but my right eye is fine .I have consulted to many specialists they said I can't be back to normal now. Is it possible to get my vision back? Or else is squint operation is possible to get good direction points of eyes.
42 years old female from Ahmedabad asked
Respected sir /ma'am I am 42 years old and a diabetic patient since a week my right eye was paining and cos f it my head was aching I thought it might b cos f cold but after persistent pain I consulted a doctor who said dat I have number in eyes around 1.50 nd 0.50 bt doctor said that as per my complaint of fog vision from one eye it cannot be js d reason of spectacles so he sent me to a retina specialist nd doctor chekcd my eye and said that I have yellow dots inside my eye cos f wich he suggested me some tests sch as ANGIOGRAPHY - CBC - ESR - SACE - S.ca- MT XRAY - CHEST S.VDRL - FBS, PBBS r all dese test necessary ?is my condition of eye serious! Am very much confused Please reply as soon as possible Thanks!
DO, Diploma in Ophthalmology, MBBS
Ophthalmologist, Faridabad
The actual condition of your eyes can only be assessed after you go through the tests. But if there are changes in the retina (Retinopathy), then the problem could be serious. So, get a full work up done & treat accordingly.
15 years old female from Ludhiana asked
How to become healthy from skinny. What should be the diet for this? And what to do if having weak eye sight.
M.Sc. in Dietetics and Food Service Management , Post Graduate Diploma In Computer Application, P.G.Diploma in Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics , B.Sc.Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics
Dietitian/Nutritionist, Mumbai
Take milk and milk products, eggs sprout, nuts in your diet. Take vitamin a everyday in the form of carrot tomato for good eyesight.
19 years old male from Visakhapatnam asked
I am 19 years old and had a severe headache from last 3 years .i was unable to uses mobile and use my computer too. While am using it am getting severe headache.
Hello Prolonged working on laptop/TV/mobile can cause computer vision syndrome. Computer vision syndrome is a condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a computer or other display device for, uninterrupted periods of time. Some symptoms of cvs include a. Headaches b blurred vision c. Neck pain d redness in the eyes e. Eye strain f dry eyes sometimes watery eyes these symptoms can be further aggravated by improper lighting conditions. Measures to reduce this include 1. Work under proper light. 2. Blink a lot. 3. Cold compresses 4. Use good lubricating eyedrop.
25 years old male from Hyderabad asked
I have met with an accident sir, in that I hve lost my site I can not see image properly above the 50meters, and I have a red eyes over from last 5days so, please help me.
24 years old female from Kolkata asked
Actually sir I am suffering in too much headache. Which I can not tolerate. Tears fall down from my eyes in continuously. Nd I feel so much pain in my eye corner please suggest me what should I do?
General Physician, Mumbai
For headache take tablet paracetamol and Take a flow of steam (of plain water only ) over the forehead through a crescent steam inhaler, eight hourly and Check your eye sight for refractive error and we also have to rule out sinusitis or migrane as the cause of headache after clinical examination
26 years old male from Hyderabad asked
How to improve eye sight. Or myopia with out glass. There is any effects of tv computer phone uses. Food which supports to improve it.
Hello. There is no medication or food for improving eye sight or to get rid of glasses. If not interested in glasses then you can try a. Contact lens b. Lasik laser as your age is now 22 years so your number will not increase now whether you wear glasses or not as number becomes stable at age of 18-20 yrs. Having said that I advise you to eat balanced diet including green vegetables and seasonal fruits for keeping eyes and body healthy. Lasik is a very easy and painless procedure. If you want to get rid of glasses then go for lasik. Tv/computer cannot damage your eyes. At the most they can cause dryness of eyes.
Shared 1 year ago • Featured Tip
Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine and Surgery (BAMS)
Ayurveda, Udupi
Carrots improve eyesight and deficiency of vitamin A can cause some difficulty seeing in dim light. Since carrots are rich in vitamin a, they are good for improving eyesight and preventing conditions like night blindness from developing as we age.
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Every girl's favourite accessory! Join us at Pandora's Bracelet Event from 28th April to 1st May 2017.


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The above pointed out site link will be of terrific interest for sweet enthusiasts. The link provides some helpful pointers on the best ways to make edible & stackable Lego gummy sweet and the shared pictures are self explanatory. Gelatin and water are just the 2 active ingredients and there are likewise different links for producing a silicone LEGO sweet mold, which is likewise fairly basic. As seen in the images, the whole building and constructions recommend ways to make these bricks stackable. Undoubtedly, these gummies make sure to encourage the kids in our the homes of consume the genuine LEGO parts, which can be made in a reasonably basic method. So look out for Very awesome creativity of candy diy you always wanted.
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Event Dates: August 5-6, 2017
Entry Fees:
Youth Age Group: $59
Youth & Junior Elites: $69
Mixed-Team-Relay: $35 (per athlete)
Location: West Chester, Ohio
Registration Closes on July 28 at 11:59 p.m. MT
Lodging Information: Click Here
|Thank You to Our Partners:
Race in the Buckeye State!
USA Triathlon is thrilled to call West Chester, Ohio home to the Youth and Junior National Championships for the sixth consecutive year! In an unprecedented five-year agreement, West Chester, Ohio will host Youth and Junior Nationals at Voice of America Park through 2021.
West Chester first hosted rising youth and junior triathlon stars in 2012 and is a prime location for the National Championship event, with more than 20 of the 38 active High Performance Teams within a day's drive of the venue. Youth & Junior Nationals is scheduled for Aug. 5-6, 2017, and tentatively scheduled for the first weekend in August from 2018-21. The event has sold out for the last four years, with more than 700 athletes ages 7-19 competing for national titles annually. The two-day event is contained within Voice of America Park and supported through a strong partnership with the Butler County Visitors Bureau and other community organizations. Click here to read more on this continued partnership in West Chester, Ohio.
Age Groups and Distances
All athletes must be between the ages of 7-19 as of December 31, 2017.
USA Triathlon anticipates 600-plus youth and junior competitors in attendance, including athletes from Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. In addition, National Championship titles will be awarded to the top youth club (non-drafting events).
Saturday, August 5
Youth Elite National Championship (draft-legal)
13-15-year-olds: 375m swim, 10k bike, 2.5K run
Junior Elite National Championship (draft-legal)
16-19-year-olds: 750m swim, 20k bike, 5k run
Sunday, August 6
Youth National Championship (non-drafting)
7-10-year-olds: 100m swim, 5k bike, and 1k run
11-15-year-olds: 200m swim, 10k bike, 2k run
(No qualification required)
Mixed-Team Relay (draft-legal)
Athletes must be 13 to 19 years old as of December 31, 2017 to compete with a team.


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Long way to go yet, urges BAT skipper Dibden
Aug 14, 2003: "There's plenty of hard work for us to do yet"
New Milton hosts charity 'Ashes' clash
Aug 8, 2003: International charity cricket comes to New Milton's impressive Fernhill complex on Sunday when a Southern Electric Premier League President's team takes on an Australian XI containing several State players.
SPCL1 Week11 - King crowns Havant title hopes
Jul 13, 2003: Matt King produced his best competitive bowling figures as Bashley (Rydal) threw a massive spoke in Havant's bid to retain the ECB Southern Electric Premier League championship crown.
How RCB can still qualify for the playoffs
Two wins, six losses and a washout. With only five more matches to go for them, Royal Challengers Bangalore can lose another match and still make it to playoffs
All-time IPL XI : The spinners
Pick your two spinners for our all-time IPL XI and help put together the team with our panel of experts
Mid-season review: Rising Pune, soaring Mumbai, sinking RCB
ESPNcricinfo's review of where the teams stand at the halfway stage of the IPL season, and what they must do moving forward to clinch a spot in the playoffs
Embarrassing hat-tricks and untouched bat bits
The best, the worst and everything in between from the past ten days of the IPL's tenth season
Wicket with a wide, and Afghanistan's Test player
Also, which player waited more than 100 Tests to get a century?
How RCB can still qualify for the playoffs (64)
Two wins, six losses and a washout. With only five more matches to go for them, Royal Challengers Bangalore can lose another match and still make it to playoffs
How to build the ideal T20 side (37)
To start with, stop thinking of players as batsmen, bowlers and allrounders; it's far more nuanced than that
'Whatever Bangladesh achieves in Champions Trophy will be big' (37)
Bangladesh coach Chandika Hathurusingha on preparations for England, and his team's recent success in Sri Lanka
'I want to see Afghanistan at No. 5 in the rankings' (35)
Atif Mashal, the chairman of the Afghanistan Cricket Board, talks about his plans for cricket in the country during his tenure
Williamson finds a place in T20 world (19)
Sunrisers Hyderabad batsman Kane Williamson struck a 26-ball fifty and outpaced his more illustrious T20 shoo-ins


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The Many Adventures of Syndrome the Fooh, a favorite attraction of Jiminy Cricket
Join Fooh and your other woodland friends in a bizarre honey-bee thing for a trip through the 26 Acre Wood. You'll help Fooh look for the country bears, meet neffalumps and soozles, and just miss Hades' wedding!
We suggest you don't try Pirate Mode
© copyright 2011–2017
A Pants Aflame production


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STRUCTURAL WALL REMOVAL, DEMOLITION WORKS, RENOVATION, STRIP-OUTS All Wall Worx offers you the dynamic combination of skills and attr..
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Check out what people are saying about home renovators in your area
I cant recommend DBK Renovations highly enough. Daniel was in touch with us within a few hours and came and did the quote within a few days. His communication, workmanship and professionalism is outstanding. The price was also very competitive and reasonable. We had previous..
Highly recommend the professional knowledge, skills of Zoli and his team. His team has been referred to me, because of their excellent service. He did respond to me quickly, work within my financial constrain. When problem has been occurred a few months later, with his plumber ..
Recent requested home renovator jobs on Oneflare
Dianella, WA
We are looking to hire a fully licensed and insured demolition contractor/builder to remove 1.4 meters of a house on a residential property to council specifications in readiness for builder. The reason for this partial demolition is to create a 3 Meter clear driveway access to the back yard.
The ideal company will be able to work quickly and safely with minimal damage to surrounds and should hold valid permits & licenses. Your quote should be detailed and include everything: the cost of permits, the cost of equipment and labor; the cost of removing materials; estimated worth of salvageable items and so on. Please contact Brad Suiter to discuss scope of works and arrange an onsite appraisal.
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