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Traumatic Knee Dislocation with Acute Artery Injury
Hüseyin Şahin1; Mustafa Uzkeser2; Ayhan Aköz; et al.
Traumatic knee dislocation is very rare injury in patients presenting to the emergency room. The complications associated with knee dislocation such as amputation of extremities and die is required emergency response. We discussed a case, that he has only knee dislocation and popliteal artery injury and mortal as soon as possible.
Current concepts in acute knee dislocation: the missed diagnosis?
McKee, Lesley; Ibrahim, Mazin S; Lawrence, Trevor; Pengas, Ioannis P; Khan, Wasim S
Traumatic knee dislocation is a serious and potentially limb threatening injury that can be easily missed if meticulous history and examination have not been employed. Neurovascular injuries are common in this condition, and due diligence should be given to their thorough evaluation at time of secondary survey so as to avoid complications such as ischaemia, compartment syndrome and eventual amputation. There is growing evidence in the literature that morbid obesity is associated with low energy knee dislocation, therefore this should be considered when assessing this cohort of patients presenting with an acute knee injury. Early operative intervention especially with multi ligaments involvement is the preferable strategy in the management of this acute injury. Controversy exists whether to reconstruct or repair damaged structures, and whether to adopt a one stage or two stage reconstruction of the cruciate ligaments. Early rehabilitation is important and essential to achieve satisfactory outcomes. This article is an evidence-based overview of this rare but devastating injury.
Multiligamentous injuries and knee dislocations.
Gimber, Lana H; Scalcione, Luke R; Rowan, Andrew; Hardy, Jolene C; Melville, David M; Taljanovic, Mihra S
Complex capsular ligamentous structures contribute to stability of the knee joint. Simultaneous injury of two or more knee ligaments, aside from concurrent tears involving the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments, is considered to be associated with femorotibial knee dislocations. Proximal tibiofibular joint dislocations are not always easily recognized and may be overlooked or missed. Patellofemoral dislocations can be transient with MR imaging sometimes required to reach the diagnosis. In this article, the authors describe the mechanism of injury, ligamentous disruptions, imaging, and treatment options of various types of knee dislocations including injuries of the femorotibial, proximal tibiofibular, and patellofemoral joints. PMID:26002747
Radiographic Assessment of Anatomic Risk Factors Associated with Acute, Lateral Patellar Dislocation in the Immature Knee
Thai Trinh; Andrew Mundy; Matthew Beran; Kevin Klingele
Acute patellar dislocation remains a common injury in both adult and pediatric patients. Non-operative management has been advocated for patients without a history of recurrent instability. Although pathologic thresholds for consideration of operative management have previously been reported in adults, it is largely unknown in children. A retrospective review of all skeletally immature patients diagnosed with acute lateral patellar dislocation who had MRI imaging were included for analysis. A...
Radiographic Assessment of Anatomic Risk Factors Associated with Acute, Lateral Patellar Dislocation in the Immature Knee
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Thai Trinh
Full Text Available Acute patellar dislocation remains a common injury in both adult and pediatric patients. Non-operative management has been advocated for patients without a history of recurrent instability. Although pathologic thresholds for consideration of operative management have previously been reported in adults, it is largely unknown in children. A retrospective review of all skeletally immature patients diagnosed with acute lateral patellar dislocation who had MRI imaging were included for analysis. An age-based control group was also identified. Six radiographic measurements were compared: lateral trochlear inclination (LTI, trochlear facet asymmetry (TFA, trochlear depth (TD, tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove (TT–TG, sulcus angle (SA and patellar height ratio. A total of 178 patients were included for analysis (study: n = 108, control: n = 70. The mean age of patients in the study and control groups was 13.7 and 12.1 years respectively (p ≤ 0.001. Study group patients had significant differences in all radiographic measurements including a decreased LTI (p < 0.001, increased TFA (p < 0.001 and SA (p < 0.001. The mean trochlear depth was 3.4 mm and 5.6 mm for patients in the study and control groups respectively (p < 0.001. Study group patients had an increased patellar height ratio (p < 0.001 and TT–TG distance (p < 0.001. Morphologic abnormalities may predispose skeletally immature patients to an increased risk of acute lateral patellar instability.
Extensor Mechanism Disruption in Knee Dislocation.
O'Malley, Michael; Reardon, Patrick; Pareek, Ayoosh; Krych, Aaron; Levy, Bruce A; Stuart, Michael J
Disruption of the knee extensor mechanism is a challenging injury with no clear consensus on optimal treatment. Although rare in the setting of knee dislocations, these injuries should not be overlooked. Acute, complete rupture of either the quadriceps or patellar tendon necessitates primary repair with or without augmentation. Surgical management may also be required in the setting of a partial tear if a significant extensor lag is present or nonoperative treatment has failed. Tendon augmentation is used during primary repair if the native tissue is inadequate or after a failed primary repair. The purpose of this study is to evaluate extensor mechanism disruption incidence, injury patterns, associated injuries, and surgical options, including a novel tendon augmentation technique. This procedure consists of primary patellar or quadriceps tendon repair with semitendinosus autograft augmentation utilizing a distal or proximal patellar socket. Advantages of repair with tendon augmentation include accelerated rehabilitation, decreased risk of patellar fracture from transverse or longitudinal bone tunnels, and less hardware complications. We recommend consideration of this technique for selected cases of acute extensor mechanism disruption in the setting of tibiofemoral dislocation. PMID:26636488
Bioabsorbable Pins for Treatment of Osteochondral Fractures of the Knee after Acute Patella Dislocation in Children and Young Adolescents
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A. Gkiokas
Full Text Available A retrospective study was performed on the use of bioabsorbable pins in the fixation of osteochondral fractures (OCFs after traumatic patellar dislocation in children. Eighteen children (13 females, 5 males aged 11 to 15 years (mean age 13.1 years with osteochondral fracture (OCF of the knee joint were treated at the authors' institution. Followup ranged from 22 months to 5 years. Diagnosis was verified by X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI of the knee and patella. In seven patients the osteochondral fragment was detached from the patella and in 11 it was detached from the lateral femoral condyle. All patients were subjected to open reduction and fixation of the lesion with bioabsorbable pins. Postoperatively, the knee was immobilized in a cast and all patients were mobilized applying a standardized protocol. Bone consolidation was successful in 17 of the 18 patients. Bioabsorbable pins reliably fix OCF in children and adolescents, demonstrating a high incidence of consolidation of the detached osteochondral fragment in short- and middle-term followup without requiring further operative procedures.
Kinzer, Angie; Jenkins, Walter; Urch, Scott E.; Shelbourne, K. Donald
Rehabilitation following lateral side knee ligament repair or reconstruction has traditionally utilized a conservative approach. An article outlining a new concept in rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction called the Knee Symmetry Model was recently published13. The Knee Symmetry Model can also be applied to rehabilitation of other knee pathologies including a knee dislocation with a lateral side injury.
An Unexpected Complication of Hip Arthroplasty: Knee Dislocation
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Serdar Yilmaz
Full Text Available An increasing number of patients with hip fracture have been seen with osteoporosis associated with osteoarthritis. Although knee dislocation is related to high-energy trauma, low-grade injuries can also lead to knee dislocation which is defined as "ultra-low velocity dislocation." The case reported here is of an 82-year-old patient who presented with a left intertrochanteric hip fracture. Partial arthroplasty was planned because of osteoporosis. In the course of surgery, degenerative arthritic knee was dislocated during the hip reduction maneuver with the application of long traction. The neurovascular examination was intact, but the knee was grossly unstable and was dislocated even in a brace; thus a hinged knee prosthesis was applied nine days after surgery. The patient was mobilized with crutches after the knee prosthesis but exercise tolerance was diminished. In conclusion, it should be emphasized that overtraction must be avoided during the hip reduction maneuver in patients with advanced osteoarthritic knee.
Posterolateral dislocation of the knee: Recognizing an uncommon entity.
Woon, Colin Yl; Hutchinson, Mark R
Posterolateral dislocations of the knee are rare injuries. Early recognition and emergent open reduction is crucial. A 48-year-old Caucasian male presented with right knee pain and limb swelling 3 d after sustaining a twisting injury in the bathroom. Examination revealed the pathognomonic anteromedial "pucker" sign. Ankle-brachial indices were greater than 1.0 and symmetrical. Radiographs showed a posterolateral dislocation of the right knee. He underwent emergency open reduction without an attempt at closed reduction. Attempts at closed reduction of posterolateral dislocations of the knee are usually impossible because of incarceration of medial soft tissue in the intercondylar notch and may only to delay surgical management and increase the risk of skin necrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is not crucial in the preoperative period and can lead to delays of up to 24 h. Instead, open reduction should be performed once vascular compromise is excluded. PMID:27335816
Lateral dislocation of the knee joint after total knee arthroplasty: a case report
Ugutmen, Ender; Ozkan, Korhan; Unay, Koray; Mahirogullari, Mahir; Eceviz, Engin; Taser, Omer
Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful therapy for functional improvement and pain relief in advanced symptomatic degeneration of the knee joint. But it can be associated with many complications, one of which is instability. Case presentation A 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of right knee dislocation after TKA was performed on her right knee due to severe varus deformity and flexion contracture. This instability was caused by persistent MCL tightness ...
Dislocations are joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position. The cause is often a fall or a blow, sometimes from playing a contact sport. You can dislocate your ankles, knees, shoulders, hips, elbows and jaw. You can also dislocate your finger and toe joints. Dislocated joints often ...
Magnetic resonance findings in knee dislocation: pictorial essay
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The role of MRI in the preoperative assessment of knee dislocation is well documented. e present our experience with a series of images graphically displaying the spectrum of abnormalities associated with these injuries. These images were derived from a local internal audit reviewing the preoperative MRI and correlating this with the surgical findings. Twenty-two cases between April 1997 and April 1999 were reviewed. Traumatic dislocation of the knee is rare, although many believe it is often unrecognized because of spontaneous reduction.' The injury may present as (i) frank dislocation; (ii) a knee that is dislocated while under anaesthesia; or (iii) a pattern of soft-tissue injury which suggests dislocation. Dislocation is described by the position of the tibia relative to the femur and may be anterior, posterior, lateral, medial or rotatory. Conservative management has traditionally been advocated and in this setting clinical examination and plain radiographs are adequate. Because of the trend toward increased surgical intervention, however, the more accurate characterization of soft-tissue injuries provided by MRI aids the planning of ligamentous reconstruction and the operative approach. Copyright (1999) Blackwell Science Pty Ltd
Dislocation following total knee arthroplasty: A report of six cases
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Villanueva Manuel
Full Text Available Background: Dislocation following total knee arthroplasty (TKA is the worst form of instability. The incidence is from 0.15 to 0.5%. We report six cases of TKA dislocation and analyze the patterns of dislocation and the factors related to each of them. Materials and Methods: Six patients with dislocation of knee following TKA are reported. The causes for the dislocations were an imbalance of the flexion gap (n=4, an inadequate selection of implants (n=1, malrotation of components (n=1 leading to incompetence of the extensor mechanism, or rupture of the medial collateral ligament (MCC. The patients presented complained of pain, giving way episodes, joint effusion and difficulty in climbing stairs. Five patients suffered posterior dislocation while one anterior dislocation. An urgent closed reduction of dislocation was performed under general anaesthesia in all patients. All patients were operated for residual instability by revision arthroplasty after a period of conservative treatment. Results: One patient had deep infection and knee was arthrodesed. Two patients have a minimal residual lag for active extension, including a patient with a previous patellectomy. Result was considered excellent or good in four cases and fair in one, without residual instability. Five out of six patients in our series had a cruciate retaining (CR TKA designs: four were revised to a posterior stabilized (PS TKA and one to a rotating hinge design because of the presence of a ruptured MCL. Conclusion: Further episodes of dislocation or instability will be prevented by identifying and treating major causes of instability. The increase in the level of constraint and correction of previous technical mistakes is mandatory.
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Full Text Available High velocity road traffic accidents leads to complicated lower limb injuries. Such injuries demand highly experienced surgeon and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hip or knee dislocations are two different orthopaedic emergencies. Concomitant fracture dislocation of the hip and knee is rare and very few cases have been reported in the literature. A 45 year old man with history of fall from motorcycle came to the casualty. He had ipsilateral hip and knee dislocation. Immediately patient was shifted to operation theatre and closed reduction was performed under general anaesthesia. Reduction was confirmed under fluoroscopy and post-operative x-rays were taken. The functional results were excellent. After 2 months patient made an uncomplicated recovery and had satisfactory functional outcome with right hip having 110⁰ flexion and right knee flexes to 120⁰.There was no neurological deficit. The urgency, that the treating surgeon shows in managing these injuries, significantly affects the prognosis and outcome finally achieved by these patients (golden period in reducing the hip joint has been described to be 6 hours.
Irreducible posterolateral dislocation of the knee: a case report.
Solarino, Giuseppe; Notarnicola, Angela; Maccagnano, Giuseppe; Piazzolla, Andrea; Moretti, Biagio
Irreducible posterolateral dislocations of the knee are rare lesions, generally caused by high-energy trauma inducing rotational stress and a posterior and lateral displacement of the tibia. In these conditions, the interposition of abundant soft tissue inside the enlarged medial joint space prevents spontaneous reduction or non-surgical treatment by manipulation of the dislocation. Surgical treatment is therefore compulsory. We report the clinical case of a woman who suffered a subluxation of the knee while jogging. The case we describe is of interest because it shows that even less severe knee dislocations, like this subluxation caused by a low-velocity sports trauma, may present in an irreducible form requiring open surgery. Clinical-instrumental monitoring did not reveal any signs of vascular or nerve injury. Owing to the irreducibility of the lesion we were obliged to perform open surgery in order to free the joint from the interposed muscle tissue and repair medial capsule-ligament lesions. Repair of the damaged cruciate ligaments was deferred to a second stage, but ultimately rendered necessary by the persistence of joint instability and the need to address the patient's functional needs. In the literature, different one- and two-step surgical options, performed by arthroscopy or arthrotomy, are reported for such related problems. The Authors discuss these various options and examine and discuss their own decision taken during the surgical work-up of this case. PMID:26605258
Lateral dislocation of the knee joint after total knee arthroplasty: a case report
Ugutmen, Ender; Ozkan, Korhan; Unay, Koray; Mahirogullari, Mahir; Eceviz, Engin; Taser, Omer
Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful therapy for functional improvement and pain relief in advanced symptomatic degeneration of the knee joint. But it can be associated with many complications, one of which is instability. Case presentation A 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of right knee dislocation after TKA was performed on her right knee due to severe varus deformity and flexion contracture. This instability was caused by persistent MCL tightness and iatrogenic lateral collateral, arcuate ligament, and popliteus tendon injury. The torn lateral collateral ligament and arcuate ligament were sutured with no. 2 non-absorbable (Ethibond) sutures with plication of the posterolateral knee capsule. A deep-dish liner was inserted to optimize soft tissue tension. Conclusion This is a very severe complication, and surgeons must be cautious about ligament balancing and soft tissue resection during TKA for severe varus and valgus deformities. PMID:18687153
Non-Traumatic Anterior Dislocation of a Total Knee Replacement Associated with Neurovascular Injury
Aderinto, Joseph; Gross, Allan E.; Rittenhouse, Bryan
Prosthetic total knee replacements rarely dislocate. When dislocation does occur, it is usually in a posterior direction in association with a posterior stabilised, cruciate-sacrificing prosthesis. Neurovascular injury is unusual. In this report, we describe a case of anterior dislocation of a cruciate-retaining total knee replacement in a 67-year-old woman. The dislocation occurred in the absence of overt trauma and resulted in severe neurovascular injury.
Posterolateral dislocation of the knee joints:analysis of 9 cases
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顾敏琪; 邓磊; 刘沂
Objective: To analyze the traumatic pathological characteristics of posterolateral dislocation of knee joints and its treatment.Methods: Nine cases of posterolateral dislocation of knee joint, 5 cases of fresh injuries (the fresh injury group) and 4 cases of old injuries ( the old injury group) were reviewed and analyzed. In the fresh injury group 4 cases failed in close reduction due to "buttonholing" through the medial joint, among them 3 cases underwent repair of the damaged ligaments. In the old injury group 2 cases underwent ACL and MCL repair only in acute stage, but re-dislocated. Of the rest 2 cases 1 was associated with peroneal nerve injury and the other was not treated in acute stage. One case was associated with comminuted fracture of the tibial condyle and popliteal artery injury. Open reduction was performed in 3 cases. One case was fixed with 2-crossed pin and another was fixed with one pin through the tibial and femoral condyle and second pin with olecranization fixation. Plaster immobilization for 6-8 weeks respectively was required. In the old injury group in 1 case ACL and PCL repair ( Augustine method ) and posterolateral structure were performed and olecranization fixation and plaster immobilization for 6 weeks was needed.Arthrodesis of the knee was done for the patient with comminuted fracture of the tibial condyle and popliteal artery injury.Results: All the cases were followed up for 1-23 years ( average 6 years). Knee stability in 4 cases with repair of the ligaments was improved, although PDT showed ( + ) with different degrees. The results of the patients treated with ligamentous reconstruction were much better than those of the patients without any repair. Conclusions: Well understanding of the traumatic pathological characteristics, repair of the damaged ligaments, augmentation of olecranization fixation and postoperative immobilization for 6 weeks are the key points of successful treatment.
Imaging following acute knee trauma.
Kijowski, R; Roemer, F; Englund, M; Tiderius, C J; Swärd, P; Frobell, R B
Joint injury has been recognized as a potent risk factor for the onset of osteoarthritis. The vast majority of studies using imaging technology for longitudinal assessment of patients following joint injury have focused on the injured knee joint, specifically in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury and meniscus tears where a high risk for rapid onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis is well known. Although there are many imaging modalities under constant development, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most important instrument for longitudinal monitoring after joint injury. MR imaging is sensitive for detecting early cartilage degeneration and can evaluate other joint structures including the menisci, bone marrow, tendons, and ligaments which can be sources of pain following acute injury. In this review, focusing on imaging following acute knee trauma, several studies were identified with promising short-term results of osseous and soft tissue changes after joint injury. However, studies connecting these promising short-term results to the development of osteoarthritis were limited which is likely due to the long follow-up periods needed to document the radiographic and clinical onset of the disease. Thus, it is recommended that additional high quality longitudinal studies with extended follow-up periods be performed to further investigate the long-term consequences of the early osseous and soft tissue changes identified on MR imaging after acute knee trauma. PMID:25278054
Atraumatic patellar prosthesis dislocation with patellar tendon injury following a total knee arthroplasty: a case report
Singh Alka; Singh Yashwant; Singh Pankaj; Singh Vinay; Javed Sadaf; Abdunabi Murad
Abstract Introduction Total knee arthroplasty is a well-established procedure with gratifying results. There is no consensus in the literature whether to routinely resurface the patella while performing total knee arthroplasty or not. Although an extremely rare occurrence in clinical practice, patellar prosthesis dislocation is a possible complication resulting from total knee arthroplasty. Case presentation We report a rare case of atraumatic spontaneous dislocation of patellar prosthesis in...
The Arcuate Sign: A Marker of Potential Knee Dislocation? A Report of Two Cases
Crimmins, Jason T.; Wissman, Robert D.
The arcuate sign is a well described finding of fibular head avulsion at the insertion site of the arcuate complex. It has been associated with posterolateral corner knee injury and resulting instability. The authors report two patients presenting with the arcuate sign following knee dislocation, which has not been previously described. As unrecognized spontaneously reduced knee dislocation often results in significant morbidity, the authors propose that the arcuate sign should raise clinical...
A non-contact complete knee dislocation with popliteal artery disruption, a rare martial arts injury
Viswanath, Y; Rogers, I
Complete knee dislocation is a rare injury and an associated incidence of popliteal artery damage ranges from 16-60% of cases. It occurs commonly in road traffic accidents and in high velocity trauma where significant contact remains as the usual mode of injury. We describe a rare case of non-contact knee dislocation with popliteal artery injury sustained while practising Aikido, a type of martial art. This patient successfully underwent closed reduction of the knee with an emergency vein byp...
Posterior Dislocation of the Hinge-Post Extension in a Rotating Hinge Total Knee Prosthesis
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Givenchy Manzano
Full Text Available The rotating hinge knee prosthesis is a popular intervention in patients lacking stability with highly constrained total knee arthroplasty. Despite improvements in design, nonmechanical and mechanical complications continue to be a problem. Dislocation of the hinge has been widely described, mainly due to the component fracture. Few reports describe isolated dislocation of the rotating stem. We report a case of isolated disengagement of the rotating hinge mechanism, due to severe flexion gap imbalance, leading to subsequent posterior dislocation of the hinge and anterior knee dislocation, in a patient with a history of multiple total knee arthroplasty revisions. This case suggests the importance of the soft tissue balancing, the adequate patellar tracking, and use of a long cylindrical, minimally tapered rotating stem in hinge arthroplasty to minimize hinge dislocation.
Bilateral knee replacements for treatment of acute septic arthritis in both knees.
Ashraf, Muhammad Omer; Asumu, Theophilus
A case report of bilateral acute septic arthritis of knees is presented, which was managed with staged total knee replacements for both knees. A literature review on septic arthritis treated with knee arthroplasty is also presented.
Primary traumatic patellar dislocation
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Tsai Chun-Hao
Full Text Available Abstract Acute traumatic patellar dislocation is a common injury in the active and young adult populations. MRI of the knee is recommended in all patients who present with acute patellar dislocation. Numerous operative and non-operative methods have been described to treat the injuries; however, the ideal management of the acute traumatic patellar dislocation in young adults is still in debate. This article is intended to review the studies to the subjects of epidemiology, initial examination and management.
A non-contact complete knee dislocation with popliteal artery disruption, a rare martial arts injury.
Viswanath, Y K; Rogers, I M
Complete knee dislocation is a rare injury and an associated incidence of popliteal artery damage ranges from 16-60% of cases. It occurs commonly in road traffic accidents and in high velocity trauma where significant contact remains as the usual mode of injury. We describe a rare case of non-contact knee dislocation with popliteal artery injury sustained while practising Aikido, a type of martial art. This patient successfully underwent closed reduction of the knee with an emergency vein bypass graft. Similar injury in association with Aikido has not been described in the English literature previously. Various martial art injuries are briefly discussed and safety recommendations made.
Dislocation of a constrained total knee arthroplasty with patellar tendon rupture after trivial trauma
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Raju Vaishya; Vipul Vijay; Abhishek Vaish
Constrained total knee prostheses are used in knees with severe deformities and insufficiency of collaterals to provide stable and mobile knees.Dislocation after constrained knee prosthesis is an extremely rare and dreaded complication.When dislocation is associated with patellar tendon rupture,the management includes restoration of the extensor apparatus along with a stable knee.Repair of the patellar tendon is challenging due to poor soft tissue coverage in the area and a bulky repair can put tension on the wound closure.Ideal method of restoration of the extensor apparatus is a matter of debate.There are various modalities used ranging from primary end-to-end repair,augmentation by medial gastrocnemius flap,semitendinosus and synthetic implants and allograft tendoachilles.We report a rare case of a posterior dislocation of a constrained total knee arthroplasty in association with patellar tendon rupture due to a minor fall after a few weeks of surgery.The first episode was managed by reposition of the dislocation and V-Y plasty of the quadriceps and primary repair.The second episode of dislocation with re-rupture needed augmentation by semitendinosus along with the insertion of the thicker insert.The management of this complex problem along with the review of literature is discussed in this case report.
Atraumatic patellar prosthesis dislocation with patellar tendon injury following a total knee arthroplasty: a case report
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Singh Alka
Full Text Available Abstract Introduction Total knee arthroplasty is a well-established procedure with gratifying results. There is no consensus in the literature whether to routinely resurface the patella while performing total knee arthroplasty or not. Although an extremely rare occurrence in clinical practice, patellar prosthesis dislocation is a possible complication resulting from total knee arthroplasty. Case presentation We report a rare case of atraumatic spontaneous dislocation of patellar prosthesis in a 63-year-old Caucasian man of British origin with patellar tendon injury. The patient was treated successfully through a revision of the patellar component and tendon repair. In two years follow-up the patient is asymptomatic with no sign of loosening of his patellar prosthesis. Conclusions A thorough understanding of knee biomechanics is imperative in performing total knee arthroplasty in order to achieve a better functional outcome and to prevent early prosthetic failure.
Unilateral Congenital Knee and Hip Dislocation with Bilateral Clubfoot – A rare Packaging disorder
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Mukesh Tiwari
Full Text Available ntroduction: Reduced intrauterine space gives rise to 'packaging disorder' which may involve joint dislocations or contractures. We present an unique case where mutiple joints were dislocated involving left congenital knee dislocation (CDK, bilateral congenital hip dislocation (CDH and congenital talipes equino varus (CTEVdeformities. Case Report: A preterm baby boy born to mother with diagnosed oligohydramios presented with left CDK bilateral DDH and CTEV. The knee dislocation was treated first with gradual streaching and weekly above knee cast. At 7th week good flexion was achieved at both knees and abduction splint for DDH (using double diaper with ponseti cast for CTEV was done. At one year follow up all joints were reduced and maintained well with baby able to stand with support. Conclusion: Packaging disorders may present with multiple dislocations and deformities. Early intervention with serial casting and manipulation minimises disability and prevents ambulatory problems. In our case there was a good response to manipulation and serial casting. This differs from cases with inherent pathology like arthrogryposis where response to treatment is not so good. Keywords: Congenital genu recurvatum, Develpmental dysplasia hip, CTEV, Clubfoot, serial manipulation, packaging disorders
Emergency arthroscopic debridement and reduction associated with the second stage ligament reconstruction for the treatement of acute posterolateral rotatory dislocation of knee%急诊关节镜下清创复位联合二期韧带重建治疗急性膝关节后外侧旋转脱位
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何锐; 杨柳; 郭林; 陈光兴; 段小军; 戴刚
Objective To discuss the curative effect of emergency arthroscopic debridement and reduction associated with the second stage anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for acute posterolateral rotatory dislocation of knee. Methods The retrospective study involved 3 patients with acute posterolateral rotarory dislocation treated in Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University from September 2007 to August 2008. Emergency arthroscopy was taken to reduce the knee and debride articular cavity. One case with medial collateral ligment (MCL) rupture was repaired and another 2 cases with MCL partialy injury accepted conservative treatment of hinge knee orthosis until natural healing. Three months later, ACL reconstruction with LARS artificial ligament were performed for all patients. The range of motion (ROM) of knee and Lysholm scores were observed during the follow-up. Results The mean duration of follow-up was 15 months. No anterior knee instability had happened. Results of anterior drawer test and talar tilt test were negative, no heteropic ossification was found in 3 patients, the ROM were 0°-130° , 0°-120° and 0°-130° in 3 months after reconstruction surgery, and the Lysholm score were 91 point, 98 point and 94 point in 12 months afier reconstruction. Conclusion Emergency arthroscopic reduction and debridement associated with standard ACL reconstruction results in good curative outcomes for acute posterolateral rotatory dislocation of knee.% 目的总结急诊关节镜下复位清创联合二期韧带重建手术在急性膝关节后外侧旋转脱位治疗中的效果.方法回顾性分析2007年9月至2008年8月第三军医大学西南医院收治的3例急性膝关节后外侧旋转脱位患者的临床资料,3例患者均急诊行关节镜手术清创+复位治疗,其中1例内侧副韧带(MCL)Ⅲ度损伤患者行MCL修补缝合术;2例MCLⅡ度损伤患者佩戴铰链支具保守治疗.术后3个月,3例患者接受LARS人�
Recurrent locked knee caused by an impaction fracture following inferior patellar dislocation: a case report
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Sutcliffe William
Full Text Available Abstract Introduction Locked knee caused by inferior patellar dislocation is considered rare in elderly patients. It was originally thought that, in the osteoarthritic knee, osteophytes on the pole of the patella become entrapped in the inter-condylar notch, which is managed by performing closed reduction and immobilization in a knee splint for three to four weeks. We present an unusual case of a locked knee with an impaction fracture. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of such impaction fractures managed with arthroscopy. Case presentation We present an unusual case of an 88-year-old Caucasian woman with moderate arthritis who had a locked knee caused by an impaction fracture of the patella into the lateral femoral condyle. In this case report, we describe the need for arthroscopic surgery to prevent relocking of the knee in these patients. Conclusions This case report emphasizes the need for careful assessment of locked knees in elderly patients. Impaction fractures should be considered in all rare cases of patellar dislocation, and we advocate arthroscopic assessment of the articular cartilage in these patients. This is an important consideration, as the population demographics change and such impaction fractures may become more common in patients with degeneration in the knees.
Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in cases of acute traumatic dislocation of the patella: current perspectives and trends in Brazil1,
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Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani
Full Text Available Objective:To evaluate the approaches and procedures used by knee surgeons in Brazil for treating medial patellofemoral lesions (MPFL of the knee in cases of acute traumatic dislocation of the patella.Materials and methods:A questionnaire comprising 15 closed questions on topics relating to treating MPFL of the knee following acute dislocation of the patella was used. It was applied to Brazilian knee surgeons during the three days of the 44th Brazilian Congress of Orthopedics and Traumatology, in 2012.Results:106 knee surgeons completely filled out the questionnaire and formed part of the sample analyzed. Most of them were from the southeastern region of Brazil. The majority (57% reported that they perform fewer than five MPFL reconstruction procedures per year. Indication of non-surgical treatment after a first episode of acute dislocation of the patella was preferred and done by 93.4% of the sample. Only 9.1% of the participants reported that they had never observed postoperative complications. Intraoperative radioscopy was used routinely by 48%. The professionals who did not use this tool to determine the point of ligament fixation in the femur did not have a statistically greater number of postoperative complications than those who used it (p > 0.05.Conclusions:There are clear evolutionary trends in treatments and rehabilitation for acute dislocation of the patella due to MPFL, in Brazil. However, further prospective controlled studies are needed in order to evaluate the clinical and scientific benefit of these trends.
Treatment of acute and subacute dorsal perilunate fracture dislocations
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Levent Kucuk
Outcomes: Results of the perilunate fracture dislocations treated in acute or subacute phase by open reduction and internal fixation via dorsal approach are satisfactory. There is a strong demand for prospective, randomized studies to compare the results of different treatment modalities. [Hand Microsurg 2014; 3(1.000: 1-7
[Acute perilunar dislocations: algorithm for treatment].
Towfigh, H
In most cases, perilunar dislocations of the wrist are caused by high speed accidents. Usually these injuries occur by a fall on the dorsiflexed superextension of the hand. The instability caused by injuries of various erticular structures (ligament, bone) show various developmental stages. Clinical symptoms are reduced and painful movement, instability of the carpus, snapping and swelling. The diagnosis is established by X-ray, cinematography, arthrography MRT or CT. Perilunar instability with or without associated fractures and particularly de Quervain must be reduced and treated operatively including suture of the ligament and stabilization of the fracture. PMID:11824286
Knee dislocations: a magnetic resonance imaging study correlated with clinical and operative findings
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Bui, Kimmie L. [Cleveland Clinic, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, OH (United States); Cleveland Clinic, Department of Radiology, HB6, Cleveland, OH (United States); Ilaslan, Hakan; Sundaram, Murali [Cleveland Clinic, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, OH (United States); Parker, Richard D. [Cleveland Clinic, Department of Orthopaedics, Cleveland, OH (United States)
Our objectives were to determine retrospectively the prevalence, patients' demographics, mechanism of injury, combination of torn ligaments, associated intra-articular and extra-articular injuries, fractures, bone bruises, femoral-tibial alignment and neurovascular complications of knee dislocations as evaluated by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. From 17,698 consecutive knee examinations by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over a 6-year period, 20 patients with knee dislocations were identified. The medical records of these patients were subsequently reviewed for relevant clinical history, management and operative findings. The prevalence of knee dislocations was 0.11% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.06-0.16]. There were 16 male patients and four female patients, with ages ranging from 15 years to 76 years (mean 31 years). Fifteen patients had low-velocity injuries (75%), of which 11 were amateur sports related and four were from falls. Four patients (20%) had suffered high-velocity trauma (motor vehicle accidents). One patient had no history available. Anatomic alignment was present at imaging in 16 patients (80%). Eighteen patients had three-ligament tears, two had four-ligament tears. The four-ligament tears occurred with low-velocity injuries. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were torn in every patient; the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) was torn in 50%, and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) in 60%. Intra-articular injuries included meniscal tears (five in four patients), fractures (eight in seven patients), bone bruises (15 patients), and patellar retinaculum tears (eight partial, two complete). The most common extra-articular injury was a complete biceps femoris tendon tear (five, 25%). There were two popliteal tendon tears and one iliotibial band tear. One patient had received a vascular injury following a motor vehicle accident (MVA) and had been treated prior to undergoing MRI. Bone bruises
Usefulness of the skyline view in the assessment of acute knee trauma in children
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We report a retrospective analysis of all cases of acute knee injuries in children presenting to the Winnipeg Children's Hospital, University of Manitoba, between Jan. 1, 1994, and Jan. 1, 1995. The mechanism of injury was recorded and all 3 radiographic views (i.e., anterioposterior, lateral and skyline) were available for 171 of 256 total cases. We found a significant association between mechanism of injury and visualization of damage on skyline view radiographs (p < 0.01). The skyline view showed damage in only 1 of the 158 cases involving direct or indirect injury not involving subluxation or dislocation. However, damage was visualized on skyline view radiographs in 7 (54%) of the 13 cases that included a history of subluxation or dislocation. We conclude that in acute knee trauma in children, a skyline view radiograph of the patella should be obtained only when the mechanism of injury includes subluxation or dislocation. When the mechanism does not suggest subluxation or dislocation, the skyline view is unlikely to reveal damage; it adds unnecessary radiation, cost and possible added discomfort for the child. (author)
The iliotibial band in acute knee trauma: patterns of injury on MR imaging
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Mansour, Ramy; Yoong, Philip; McKean, David; Teh, James L. [Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford (United Kingdom)
To delineate the spectrum of knee injuries associated with sprains and tears of the distal iliotibial band (ITB). A retrospective review of 200 random MRI scans undertaken for acute knee trauma was performed. Scans were excluded if there was a history of injury over 4 weeks from the time of the scan, septic arthritis, inflammatory arthropathy, previous knee surgery, or significant artefact. In each scan, the ITB was scored as normal, minor sprain (grade 1), severe sprain (grade 2), and torn (grade 3). The menisci, ligaments, and tendons of each knee were also assessed. The mean age was 27.4 years (range, 9-69 years) and 71.5 % (n = 143) of the patients were male. The ITB was injured in 115 cases (57.5 %). The next most common soft tissue structure injured was the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in 53.5 % of cases (n = 107). Grade 1 ITB injury was seen in 90 of these 115 cases (45 %), grade 2 injury in 20 cases, and grade 3 injury in only five cases. There is a significant association between ITB injury and ACL rupture (p < 0.05), as well as acute patellar dislocation (p < 0.05). There were ten cases of significant posterolateral corner injury, and all were associated with ITB injury, including four ITB tears. Only two cases of isolated ITB injury were seen (1 %). ITB injury is common in acute knee trauma and is associated with significant internal derangement of the knee, especially cruciate ligament rupture, posterolateral corner injury, and patellar dislocation. (orig.)
The iliotibial band in acute knee trauma: patterns of injury on MR imaging
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
To delineate the spectrum of knee injuries associated with sprains and tears of the distal iliotibial band (ITB). A retrospective review of 200 random MRI scans undertaken for acute knee trauma was performed. Scans were excluded if there was a history of injury over 4 weeks from the time of the scan, septic arthritis, inflammatory arthropathy, previous knee surgery, or significant artefact. In each scan, the ITB was scored as normal, minor sprain (grade 1), severe sprain (grade 2), and torn (grade 3). The menisci, ligaments, and tendons of each knee were also assessed. The mean age was 27.4 years (range, 9-69 years) and 71.5 % (n = 143) of the patients were male. The ITB was injured in 115 cases (57.5 %). The next most common soft tissue structure injured was the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in 53.5 % of cases (n = 107). Grade 1 ITB injury was seen in 90 of these 115 cases (45 %), grade 2 injury in 20 cases, and grade 3 injury in only five cases. There is a significant association between ITB injury and ACL rupture (p < 0.05), as well as acute patellar dislocation (p < 0.05). There were ten cases of significant posterolateral corner injury, and all were associated with ITB injury, including four ITB tears. Only two cases of isolated ITB injury were seen (1 %). ITB injury is common in acute knee trauma and is associated with significant internal derangement of the knee, especially cruciate ligament rupture, posterolateral corner injury, and patellar dislocation. (orig.)
A modified surgical technique for reconstruction of an acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation
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Marchie Anthony
Full Text Available We report a modified surgical technique for reconstruction of coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligaments after acute dislocation of acromioclavicular joint using suture anchors. We have repaired 3 consecutive type III acromioclavicular dislocations with good results. This technique is simple and safe and allows anatomical reconstruction of the ligaments in acute dislocations.
Endobutton technique for the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations
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Raif Özden
Full Text Available Objective: Acromioclavicular (AC joint dislocation is a common injury frequently affecting young athletes. The aim of this study is to evaluate postoperative functional results in cases diagnosed with acute AC joint dislocation stabilized with endobutton system. Methods: This fixation procedure has been applied on 10 patients. Indications of the technique included: a grade V AC joint dislocation (7 patients, and grade III AC joint dislocation (3 patient according to Rockwood classification. The coracoclavicular (CC interval and AC joint were reduced using two endobuttons. One endobutton was fitted on the clavicle and the second was placed at the undersurface of the coracoid. Outcomes were assessed with the Constant shoulder score and visual analog pain scale. Results: All the patients had powerful intraoperative fixation. Immediately after surgery, and 6 weeks, and 1 year postoperative radiographs showed adequate reduction of the CC distance and the AC joint. The mean Constant shoulder score was 89 (88–92 in the injured shoulder and 90 (88–93 in the uninjured shoulder. There was no statically significant difference between the injured and normal shoulder in terms of Constant shoulder score and there was no complication during the process. Conclusion: This technique is a safe and effective method for providing fixation for the AC joint.
Combined common peroneal and tibial nerve injury after knee dislocation: one injury or two? An MRI-clinical correlation.
Reddy, Chandan G; Amrami, Kimberly K; Howe, Benjamin M; Spinner, Robert J
OBJECT Knee dislocations are often accompanied by stretch injuries to the common peroneal nerve (CPN). A small subset of these injuries also affect the tibial nerve. The mechanism of this combined pattern could be a single longitudinal stretch injury of the CPN extending to the sciatic bifurcation (and tibial division) or separate injuries of both the CPN and tibial nerve, either at the level of the tibiofemoral joint or distally at the soleal sling and fibular neck. The authors reviewed cases involving patients with knee dislocations with CPN and tibial nerve injuries to determine the localization of the combined injury and correlation between degree of MRI appearance and clinical severity of nerve injury. METHODS Three groups of cases were reviewed. Group 1 consisted of knee dislocations with clinical evidence of nerve injury (n = 28, including 19 cases of complete CPN injury); Group 2 consisted of knee dislocations without clinical evidence of nerve injury (n = 19); and Group 3 consisted of cases of minor knee trauma but without knee dislocation (n = 14). All patients had an MRI study of the knee performed within 3 months of injury. MRI appearance of tibial and common peroneal nerve injury was scored by 2 independent radiologists in 3 zones (Zone I, sciatic bifurcation; Zone II, knee joint; and Zone III, soleal sling and fibular neck) on a severity scale of 1-4. Injury signal was scored as diffuse or focal for each nerve in each of the 3 zones. A clinical score was also calculated based on Medical Research Council scores for strength in the tibial and peroneal nerve distributions, combined with electrophysiological data, when available, and correlated with the MRI injury score. RESULTS Nearly all of the nerve segments visualized in Groups 1 and 2 demonstrated some degree of injury on MRI (95%), compared with 12% of nerve segments in Group 3. MRI nerve injury scores were significantly more severe in Group 1 relative to Group 2 (2.06 vs 1.24, p knee dislocations
Haemodynamics in acute arthritis of the knee in puppies
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bünger, C; Hjermind, J; Harving, S;
In order to study the haemodynamic changes of the juvenile knee in acute arthritis, an experimental model was developed in puppies by unilateral intra-articular injections of Carragheenin solution into the knee. Tissue blood flow was studied by the tracer microsphere technique in eight dogs and s...
Knee Luxation - Surgical treatment in acute cases
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Introduction: Traumatic luxation of the knee is an infrequent pathology with low number of reported cases. That implies a true challenge for the orthopedic surgeon due to its great of presentation. Objective: Establish a scheme of surgical management for this complex injury. Methodology: Observational study with different kinds of cases of patients from Universitario Del Valle Hospital and from the Imbanaco Medical Center. These surgeries occurred from December of 1999 to February of the 2003. Patients: 16. Age average: 31 years old. Age group: 13 to 64 years. Sex: 14 male and 2 female. Luxation Types: 15 closed and 1 exposed. Procedures: Correction of the extra-capsular structures and reintegration of the crossed ligaments in cases of avulsion using an acute management approach. In the two last patients, it was performed a simultaneous reconstruction of the crossed posterior and anterior with an auto-graft followed by patients monitoring from 12 to 50 months. The most common luxation type was KDIII L according to anatomical classification. A patient with vascular injury, two with external popliteo ciatic nerve injury and one broken patellar tendon, the results were evaluated according to the scale of Lysholm, IKDC and For Special Surgery. Conclusions: The acute management of the extra-articular structures gives the best results; therefore, if the surgeon does not have enough experience, this procedure should be to left for secondary reconstruction when the patient has normal arch of mobility
The external rotation method for reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocations
Marinelli, Mario; de Palma, Luigi
Background Shoulder dislocations account for almost 50% of all joint dislocations, and are most commonly anterior (90–98%) and occur due to trauma. This prospective study was conducted to report our experiences of using the external rotation method (ERM) in the reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation. Materials and methods Between August 2006 and April 2007, ERM was applied to 31 patients who presented with traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation to the Emergency Department of our Ho...
Utilization and cost of a new model of care for managing acute knee injuries: the Calgary acute knee injury clinic
Lau Breda HF; Lafave Mark R; Mohtadi Nicholas G; Butterwick Dale J
Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affect a large proportion of the Canadian population and present a huge problem that continues to strain primary healthcare resources. Currently, the Canadian healthcare system depicts a clinical care pathway for MSDs that is inefficient and ineffective. Therefore, a new inter-disciplinary team-based model of care for managing acute knee injuries was developed in Calgary, Alberta, Canada: the Calgary Acute Knee Injury Clinic (C-AKIC). The g...
Patellar Dislocations and Reduction Procedure.
Ramponi, Denise
Acute patellar dislocations are a common injury occurring in adolescents involved in sports and dancing activities. This injury usually occurs when the knee is in full extension and sustains a valgus stress on the knee. The medial patellofemoral ligament is the medial restraint that assists in stabilizing the patella from lateral dislocations. The patella usually dislocates laterally and is usually not difficult to reduce after patient evaluation and prereduction radiographs. After postreduction radiographs confirm proper position of the patella postreduction and the absence of fractures, the patient is usually treated conservatively with initial immobilization, orthopedic referral, and physical therapy. PMID:27139130
The acutely ACL injured knee assessed by MRI
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Frobell, R B; Roos, H P; Roos, E M;
OBJECTIVES: To map by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitative MRI (qMRI) concomitant fractures and meniscal injuries, and location and volume of traumatic bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in the acutely anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured knee. To relate BML location and volume to cortical...... depression fractures, meniscal injuries and patient characteristics. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-one subjects (26% women, mean age 26 years) with an ACL rupture to a previously un-injured knee were studied using a 1.5T MR imager within 3 weeks from trauma. Meniscal injuries and fractures were classified......-compartmental meniscal tears were found in 44 (36%) subjects and bi-compartmental in 24 (20%). One hundred and nineteen (98%) knees had at least one BML, all but four (97%) located in the lateral compartment. Knees with a cortical depression fracture had larger BML volumes (P
Common peroneal nerve injuries in knee dislocations: results with one-stage nerve repair and tibialis posterior tendon transfer
Garozzo, D.; Ferraresi, S.; Buffatti, P.
We report our experience in the treatment of common peroneal nerve (CPN) palsy following knee dislocations: a twelve-year surgical series of 26 patients presenting with a traumatic injury of the lateral sciatic nerve and no spontaneous recovery is reviewed. From 1988 to 1991, we performed nerve surgery alone on 3 patients. Their results were highly disappointing and in none did we observe muscle recovery. Since 1991 nerve surgery was associated with a palliative procedure for 23 patients. Alt...
Management of acute dislocation of the temporomandibular joint in dental practice.
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
McGoldrick, David M
Acute dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is a situation that, although rare, may present to the dentist in practice at any time. A number of activities, such as removal of a tooth, may cause dislocation. The event is painful and distressing for the patient, their family and the dental team. Prompt management minimises discomfort, distress and long-term morbidity to the patient. We describe the aetiology of acute dislocation and outline a number of techniques that will aid the clinican in dealing with this event.
Utilization and cost of a new model of care for managing acute knee injuries: the Calgary acute knee injury clinic
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Lau Breda HF
Full Text Available Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs affect a large proportion of the Canadian population and present a huge problem that continues to strain primary healthcare resources. Currently, the Canadian healthcare system depicts a clinical care pathway for MSDs that is inefficient and ineffective. Therefore, a new inter-disciplinary team-based model of care for managing acute knee injuries was developed in Calgary, Alberta, Canada: the Calgary Acute Knee Injury Clinic (C-AKIC. The goal of this paper is to evaluate and report on the appropriateness, efficiency, and effectiveness of the C-AKIC through healthcare utilization and costs associated with acute knee injuries. Methods This quasi-experimental study measured and evaluated cost and utilization associated with specific healthcare services for patients presenting with acute knee injuries. The goal was to compare patients receiving care from two clinical care pathways: the existing pathway (i.e. comparison group and a new model, the C-AKIC (i.e. experimental group. This was accomplished through the use of a Healthcare Access and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (HAPSQ. Results Data from 138 questionnaires were analyzed in the experimental group and 136 in the comparison group. A post-hoc analysis determined that both groups were statistically similar in socio-demographic characteristics. With respect to utilization, patients receiving care through the C-AKIC used significantly less resources. Overall, patients receiving care through the C-AKIC incurred 37% of the cost of patients with knee injuries in the comparison group and significantly incurred less costs when compared to the comparison group. The total aggregate average cost for the C-AKIC group was $2,549.59 compared to $6,954.33 for the comparison group (p Conclusions The Calgary Acute Knee Injury Clinic was able to manage and treat knee injured patients for less cost than the existing state of healthcare delivery. The
Ipsilateral fracture dislocations of the hip and knee joints with contralateral open fracture of the leg: a rare case and its management principles
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Sen Ramesh Kumar
Full Text Available 【Abstract】This paper discussed the injury mecha- nism and management of a patient who had concomitant ipsilateral hip and knee dislocations and contralateral open leg fracture. A 32-year-old man presented with ipsilateral fracture- dislocations of the left hip (Pipkin's type IV and knee (Moore II joints and contralateral open fracture of the leg bones after a car accident. After emergency resuscitative measures, the hip joint was reduced and Pipkin's fracture was fixed using Ganz approach with lag screws; knee joint was reduced closely and tibial plateau fracture was stabi- lized with lateral buttress plate and a transarticular span- ning fixator. The open fracture on the other leg was de- brided and fixed with an external fixator. There was no insta- bility in both joints after fixation when he was examined under anesthesia. The fractures united after 3 months and the patient had no residual instability of hip and knee. There was no clinical or radiological evidence of osteonecrosis in the hip joint after 6 months. At one-year follow-up, he had satisfactory functional outcome with almost normal range of motion at both joints. Ipsilateral hip and knee dislocations are rare injuries and more caution is needed for early diagnosis. A timely appro- priate intervention can provide good functional outcome to the patient in this situation. Key words: Hip dislocation; Knee dislocation; Fractures, bone
Clinical and radiological outcomes after management of traumatic knee dislocation by open single stage complete reconstruction/repair
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Lorez Lukas G
Full Text Available Abstract Background The purpose of our study was to analyze the clinical and radiological long-term outcomes of surgically treated traumatic knee dislocations and determine prognostic factors for outcome. Methods Retrospective consecutive series of patients treated surgically for traumatic knee dislocation with reconstruction/refixation of the anterior (ACL and posterior cruciate ligaments (PCL and primary complete repair of collaterals and posteromedial and posteromedial corner structures. 68 patients were evaluated clinically (IKDC score, SF36 health survey, Lysholm score, Knee Society score, Tegner score, visual analogue scale - VAS pain and satisfaction, Cooper test and radiologically (weight bearing and stress radiographs with a mean follow up of 12 ± 8 years. Instrumented anterior-posterior translation was measured (Rolimeter, KT-1000. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis was used. Results 82% of patients (n = 56 returned to their previous work. At final follow-up 6 patients (9% suffered from pain VAS > 3. The mean side-to-side difference of anterior/posterior translation (KT-1000, 134N was 1.6 ± 1.6 mm and 2.6 ± 1.4 mm. Valgus and varus stress testing in 30° flexion was 40 days were significantly associated with worse outcome (p Conclusions Early complete reconstruction can achieve good functional results and patient satisfaction with overall restoration of sports and working capacity. Negative predictive factors for outcome were injury pattern, type of surgical procedure and timing of surgery.
Acute finger injuries: part II. Fractures, dislocations, and thumb injuries.
Leggit, Jeffrey C; Meko, Christian J
Family physicians can treat most finger fractures and dislocations, but when necessary, prompt referral to an orthopedic or hand surgeon is important to maximize future function. Examination includes radiography (oblique, anteroposterior, and true lateral views) and physical examination to detect fractures. Dislocation reduction is accomplished with careful traction. If successful, further treatment focuses on the concomitant soft tissue injury. Referral is needed for irreducible dislocations. Distal phalanx fractures are treated conservatively, and middle phalanx fractures can be treated if reduction is stable. Physicians usually can reduce metacarpal bone fractures, even if there is a large degree of angulation. An orthopedic or hand surgeon should treat finger injuries that are unstable or that have rotation. Collateral ligament injuries of the thumb should be examine with radiography before physical examination. Stable joint injuries can be treated with splinting or casting, although an orthopedic or hand surgeon should treat unstable joints.
Arterial damages in acute elbow dislocations: which diagnostic tests are required?
Lutter, Christoph; Pfefferkorn, Ronny; Schoeffl, Volker
Blunt vessel injuries of peripheral arteries caused by a direct trauma are rare. Studies have described the frequency of arterial ruptures following closed elbow dislocations in 0.3-1.7% of all cases. However, arterial damage does not always necessarily appear as a complete rupture of the vessel with a loss of peripheral circulation and ischaemic symptoms; a relatively strong periarticular system of collaterals can maintain circulation. Furthermore, the traumatic dislocation can also cause intimal tears, arterial dissections and aneurysms or thrombosis. In all cases of vessel injury, including total disruption, a peripheral pulse might still be palpable. 3 weeks after an acute elbow dislocation, we have diagnosed a patient with a long-segment stenosis of the brachial artery and a thrombosis of the radial artery. Therefore, the close anatomic proximity to the neurovascular structures should always be considered in cases of elbow dislocations, even if peripheral pulses are traceable.
Acute pseudo-septic arthritis following viscosuplementation of the knee.
Idrissi, Zineb; Benbouazza, Karima; Fourtassi, Maryam; Raissouni, Hanae; El Aadmi, Meriem; Zanat, Fatima; Hajjaj-Hassouni, Najia
A 70-year-old woman with a history of medial femoro-tibial compartment of knee osteoarthritis was admitted for acute arthritis six days after a second intra-articular injection of Hyaluronic acid. The joint fluid was inflammatory, with no crystals, and laboratory tests showed marked inflammation leading to antibiotic treatment for suspected septic arthritis. The persistent symptoms and negative results of joint fluid and blood cultures led to discontinuation of the antibiotic therapy after 10 days. Anti-inflammatory with rehabilitation therapy of the knee relieved the symptoms, and the patient was discharged home 3 weeks after her admission. Aseptic arthritis induced by repeated Hyaluronic acid injection is the most likely diagnosis. Physicians should be conscious of this extremely severe complication.
Arthroscopically Assisted Treatment of Acute Dislocations of the Acromioclavicular Joint
Braun, Sepp; Beitzel, Knut; Buchmann, Stefan; Imhoff, Andreas B.
Arthroscopically assisted treatments for dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint combine the advantages of exact and visually controlled coracoid tunnel placement with the possibility of simultaneous treatment of concomitant injuries. The clinical results of previous arthroscopically assisted techniques have been favorable at midterm and long-term follow-up. The presented surgical technique combines the advantages of arthroscopically positioned coracoclavicular stabilization with an additional suture cord cerclage of the acromioclavicular joint capsule for improved horizontal stability. PMID:26870646
Value of multidetector spiral CT in diagnosis of acute thoracolumbar spinal fracture and fracture-dislocation
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
龚静山; 徐坚民
Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of multidetector spiral CT (MSCT) in acute thoracolumbar spinal fracture and fracture-dislocation.Methods: CT imaging files of 152 consecutive traumatic patients with thoracolumbar fractures were retrospectively reviewed. MSCT scannings were performed with a collimation of 3-5 mm and a pitch of 5.5. The postprocessing included sagittal and coronal multiplannar reconstruction, and 3-D reconstruction.Result: There were 88 cases of compression fracture, 54 cases of burst fracture and 10 cases of fracasdislocation. Transverse images of MSCT could visualize all fractures directly and determine whether spinal canal was intact. Postprocessing image was helpful in depicting the displacement of fragment and orientation of dislocation.Conclusions: MSCT plays an important role in diagnosis and management of acute thoracolumbar spinal fracture and fracture-dislocation.
MRI for the initial evaluation of acute wrist, knee, and ankle trauma
J.J. Nikken (Jeroen)
textabstractIn this thesis we study the application of MRI in acute trauma of wrist, knee, and ankle, evaluating its potentials, its effects, and its costs. Our aim was to use MRI in all patients with acute trauma of wrist, knee, and ankle, without increasing the overall costs to society, potentiall
Costs and effectiveness of a brief MRI examination of patients with acute knee injury
E.H.G. Oei (Edwin); J.J. Nikken (Jeroen); A.Z. Ginai (Abida); G.P. Krestin (Gabriel); J.A.N. Verhaar (Jan); A.B. van Vugt (Arie); M.G.M. Hunink (Myriam)
textabstractThe aim of this study was to assess the costs and effectiveness of selective short magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with acute knee injury. A model was developed to evaluate the selective use of MRI in patients with acute knee injury and no fracture on radiography based on th
Low-Cost Alternative External Rotation Shoulder Brace and Review of Treatment in Acute Shoulder Dislocations
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Lacy, Kyle
Full Text Available Traumatic dislocations of the shoulder commonly present to emergency departments (EDs. Immediate closed reduction of both anterior and posterior glenohumeral dislocations is recommended and is frequently performed in the ED. Recurrence of dislocation is common, as anteroinferior labral tears (Bankart lesions are present in many anterior shoulder dislocations.14,15,18,23 Immobilization of the shoulder following closed reduction is therefore recommended; previous studies support the use of immobilization with the shoulder in a position of external rotation, for both anterior and posterior shoulder dislocations.7-11,19 In this study, we present a technique for assembling a low-cost external rotation shoulder brace using materials found in most hospitals: cotton roll, stockinette, and shoulder immobilizers. This brace is particularly suited for the uninsured patient, who lacks the financial resources to pay for a pre-fabricated brace out of pocket. We also performed a cost analysis for our low-cost external rotation shoulder brace, and a cost comparison with pre-fabricated brand name braces. At our institution, the total materials cost for our brace was $19.15. The cost of a pre-fabricated shoulder brace at our institution is $150 with markup, which is reimbursed on average at $50.40 according to our hospital billing data. The low-cost external rotation shoulder brace is therefore a more affordable option for the uninsured patient presenting with acute shoulder dislocation. [West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(1:114–120.
Ipsilateral fracture dislocations of the hip and knee joints with contralateral open fracture of the leg: a rare case and its management principles
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Ramesh Kumar Sen; Sujit Kumar Tripathy; Vibhu Krishnan; Tarun Goyal; Vanyambadi Jagadeesh
This paper discussed the injury mechanism and management of a patient who had concomitant ipsilateral hip and knee dislocations and contralateral open leg fracture.A 32-year-old man presented with ipsilateral fracturedislocations of the left hip (Pipkin's type Ⅳ) and knee (Moore Ⅱ)joints and contralateral open fracture of the leg bones after a car accident. After emergency resuscitative measures, the hip joint was reduced and Pipkin's fracture was fixed using Ganz approach with lag screws; knee joint was reduced closely and tibial plateau fracture was stabilized with lateral buttress plate and a transarticular spanning fixator. The open fracture on the other leg was debrided and fixed with an external fixator. There was no instability in both joints after fixation when he was examined under anesthesia. The fractures united after 3 months and the patient had no residual instability of hip and knee. There was no clinical or radiological evidence of osteonecrosis in the hip joint after 6 months. At one-year follow-up, he had satisfactory functional outcome with almost normal range of motion at both joints.Ipsilateral hip and knee dislocations are rare injuries and more caution is needed for early diagnosis. A timely appropriate intervention can provide good functional outcome to the patient in this situation.
Omentum Free Flap Anastomosed to Arterial Bypass in Open Knee Dislocation: Case Report and Discussion
Pauchot, Julien; Ducroux, Emilie; Leclerc, Grégoire; Obert, Laurent; Sergent, Anne Pauline
Objective: To report on the original surgical management of a patient with severe trauma of both legs involving anastomosis of an omentum free flap with an emergency vascular bypass. Methods: After stabilization of the knee with an external fixator, a femoral-tibial bypass graft was performed to revascularize the leg with the contralateral great saphenous vein. Ten days later, an omentum free flap was used with an end-to-side arterial anastomosis between the right gastroepiploic artery and by...
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
唐恒涛; 苏训同; 王义隽; 金大地; 赵亮
目的 探讨关节镜辅助下外侧支持带松解、内侧支持带紧缩治疗急性髌骨脱何的疗效.方法 2006年4月-2009年3月,应用关节镜辅助下改良髌外侧支持带松解、内侧支持带紧缩治疗急性髌骨脱位22例25膝.男5例,女17例;年龄14~34岁,平均23.6岁.均突发于屈膝活动过程中.左侧11膝,右侧14膝.出现症状至入院时间为1~10 d,平均5.9 d.患者均为外侧脱位,其中14例脱位后自行复位,8例入院时仍呈脱位状态,给予手法闭合复位.检查示膝关节脱位恐惧试验均为阳性,被动活动受限,其中15例浮髌试验阳性.结果 术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合.22例均获随访,随访时间12~36个月,平均17个月.术后3个月内,12膝出现髌骨内侧皮肤穿刺处凹陷,10膝出现髌骨外侧疼痛,15膝出现髌骨内侧紧绷牵拉感,经理疗康复后均逐渐自行消失或好转.随访期间无复发性髌骨脱位.术后1年膝关节Lysholm评分为(96.6±4.5)分,高于术前的(67.3±5.7)分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.241,P=0.003);疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为(1.8±0.4)分,低于术前的(6.5±0.5)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.154,P=0.040).术后1年患膝功能采用Insall评分标准,获优18膝,良5膝,可2膝,优良率92%.结论 关节镜辅助下外侧支持带松解、内侧支持带紧缩治疗急性髌骨脱位,创伤小,恢复快,早期临床疗效满意.%Objective To evaluate an improving operative procedure and the clinical results of arthroscopically assisted treatment for acute patellar dislocation. Methods Between April 2006 and March 2009, 22 patients (25 knees) with primary acute complete dislocation of the patella underwent an improving arthroscopic operation, rdease of lateral retinaculum and suture of medial capsule and retinaculum structure. There were 5 males and 17 females with an average age of 23.6 years (range, 14-34 years). Three patients had bilateral procedure. Eleven left knees and 14 right knees were involved. The
... of the knee. Sometimes fluid collects around the knee (this is called effusion ). Fractures and Dislocations A fracture is a cracked, broken, or shattered bone and is usually diagnosed by an X-ray. You may have trouble ... off to the side of the knee joint by twisting or some kind of impact. ...
Popliteal artery injury following traumatic knee joint dislocation in a 14-year-old boy: A case report and review of the literature
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Cvetković Slobodan
Full Text Available Introduction. Posterior knee joint dislocation associated with injury of the popliteal artery in children is an extremely rare condition. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential for limb salvage and function. Case report. We reported a 14-year-old boy who suffered traumatic displacement of the right knee and contusion of the popliteal artery during motorcycle accident. The diagnosis was confirmed using Doppler and duplex ultrasonography and digital substraction transfemoral arteriography. The urgent surgical procedure was performed using posterior approach to the popliteal artery. During the surgical exploration, rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament associated with thrombosed popliteal artery have been found. The damaged popliteal artery was resected and replaced with autologous saphenous vein graft. The last stage of the procedure was a transosseous femoral fixation of posterior circuate ligament. A 3-year-follow-up after the surgery demonstrated intact arterial perfusion and very good function of the knee with a minimal difference as compared with the contralateral knee. Conclusion. Combined orthopedic and vascular injuries are very rare in children. They require combined treatment. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 175008
Report of a pregnant lady with bilateral elbow dislocation caused by acute fall injury
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Koh Shao Hui
Full Text Available Simultaneous bilateral posterior elbow dislocations occur rarely with only 14 cases being reported in the literature so far. Of these cases, none occurred in a patient who was pregnant. No cases of bilateral elbow dislocation with a distal radial fracture-dislocation have also been described. A case of a pregnant patient presenting with bilateral elbow dislocation, right wrist fracture-dislocation is reported here and the issues involved in managing such a case are discussed.
Report of a pregnant lady with bilateral elbow dislocation caused by acute fall injury
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Koh Shao Hui
Simultaneous bilateral posterior elbow dislocations occur rarely with only 14 cases being reported in the literature so far. Of these cases, none occurred in a patient who was pregnant. No cases of bilateral elbow dislocation with a distal radial fracture-dislocation have also been described. A case of a pregnant patient presenting with bilateral elbow dislocation, right wrist fracture-dislocation is reported here and the issues involved in managing such a case are discussed.
Low-Cost Alternative External Rotation Shoulder Brace and Review of Treatment in Acute Shoulder Dislocations
Lacy, Kyle; Cooke, Chris; Cooke, Pat; Schupbach, Justin; Vaidya, Rahul
Traumatic dislocations of the shoulder commonly present to emergency departments (EDs). Immediate closed reduction of both anterior and posterior glenohumeral dislocations is recommended and is frequently performed in the ED. Recurrence of dislocation is common, as anteroinferior labral tears (Bankart lesions) are present in many anterior shoulder dislocations.14,15,18,23 Immobilization of the shoulder following closed reduction is therefore recommended; previous studies support the use of im...
Dor aguda no joelho do paciente idoso Acute knee pain in elderly patients
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Gilberto Luís Camanho
Full Text Available A dor aguda no joelho de pacientes idosos é freqüente, sendo caracterizada por seu aparecimento súbito, sem causa aparente, com exame radiográfico dentro dos padrões da normalidade, na maioria dos casos. A etiologia da dor aguda no joelho é decorrente de insuficiência das estruturas, e seu quadro clínico difere completamente daquele determinado pela osteoartrose, sendo sempre unilateral e ocorre na grande maioria em pacientes do sexo feminino, após a quinta década de vida, e na região medial do joelho (local de maior carga. Com o propósito de analisar as possíveis etiologias para a dor aguda do joelho de pacientes acima de 60 anos de idade, suas características e tratamento, os autores discutem as etiologias relacionadas à dor aguda: lesão meniscal, fratura por fadiga e osteonecrose idiopática.Acute knee pain in elderly patients is not uncommon, and is characterized by a sudden onset, no apparent cause, and by normal radiographic findings in most cases. The etiology of acute knee pain is the result of insufficient structures, and clinical symptoms are totally different from the symptoms seen in osteoarthrosis. This acute pain in the knee is always unilateral and in the medial region of the knee joint (site with the heaviest load, predominantly in females after the fifth decade of live. In order to consider the possible etiologies for acute knee joint pain in patients older than 60 years, its characteristics and treatment, the authors discuss etiologies related to acute pain: lesion of the meniscus, stress fracture, and idiopathic osteonecrosis.
... time, overuse, or injury. Dislocation of the kneecap Fracture of the kneecap or other bones Iliotibial band syndrome . Injury to the thick band that runs from your hip to the outside of your knee. Pain in the front of your knee around ...
Bone bruise in acute traumatic patellar dislocation: volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis with follow-up mean of 12 months
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Paakkala, Antti; Paakkala, Timo [Tampere University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Tampere (Finland); Sillanpaeae, Petri; Maeenpaeae, Heikki [Tampere University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tampere (Finland); Huhtala, Heini [University of Tampere, School of Public Health, Tampere (Finland)
The aim of the study was to assess volumetric analysis of bone bruises in acute primary traumatic patellar dislocation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resolving resolution of bruises in follow-up MRI. MRI was performed in 23 cases. A follow-up examination was done at a mean of 12 months after dislocation. Volumes of patellar and femur bruises for every patient were evaluated separately by two musculoskeletal radiologists, and mean values of the bruises were assessed. Other MRI findings were evaluated, together with agreement by consensus. Bone bruise volumes were compared with other MR findings. In the acute study 100% of patients showed bruising of the lateral femoral condyle and 96% bruising of the patella. The bruise was located at the medial femoral condyle in 30% and at the patellar median ridge in 74% of patients. The median volume of the femoral bruise was 25,831 mm{sup 3} and of the patellar bruise 2,832 mm{sup 3}. At the follow-up study 22% of patients showed bruising of the lateral femoral condyle and 39% bruising of the patella, the median volumes of the bruises being 5,062 mm{sup 3} and 1,380 mm{sup 3}, respectively. Larger patellar bruise volume correlated with larger femur bruise volume in the acute (r=0.389, P=0.074) and the follow-up (r=1.000, P<0.01) studies. Other MRI findings did not correlate significantly with bone bruise volumes. Bone bruising is the commonest finding in cases of acute patellar dislocation, being seen even 1 year after trauma and indicating significant bone trabecular injury in the patellofemoral joint. A large bruise volume may be associated with subsequent chondral lesion progression at the patella. We concluded that the measurement of bone bruise volume in patients with acute patellar dislocation is a reproducible method but requires further studies to evaluate its clinical use. (orig.)
Arthroplasties of hips and knees ankylosis in an adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
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Dipo Samuel OLABUMUYI
Full Text Available Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL is the most common malignancy in children, representing one third of all paediatric malignancies. Patients are often at high risk for complications due aggressive chemotherapy regimes required for treatment. Musculoskeletal complications include septic arthritis, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis and bony ankylosis. We report the case of a 16-year-old boy with ALL who developed osteonecrosis of multiple bones on a background of septicaemia, resulting in bony ankylosis of both hips and knees. He was treated with bilateral conversion of ankylosed hips (one hip to total hip replacement, the second hip to Girdlestone arthroplasty and bilateral ankylosed knees to total knee replacements. He remained well in remission five years after the last surgery. Our case highlights he possible musculoskeletal complications of ALL.
Epidemiological survey of orthopedic joint dislocations based on nationwide insurance data in Taiwan, 2000-2005
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Yang Nan-Ping
Full Text Available Abstract Background The epidemiology of acute orthopedic dislocations is poorly understood. A nationwide database provides a valuable resource for examining this issue in the Taiwanese population. Methods A 6-year retrospective cohort study of 1,000,000 randomly-sampled beneficiaries from the year 2005 was used as the original population. Based on the hospitalized and ambulatory data, the concomitant ICD9-CM diagnosis codes and treatment codes were evaluated and classified into 8 and 3 major categories, respectively. The cases matching both inclusive criteria of dislocation-related diagnosis codes and treatment codes were defined as incident cases. Results During 2000-2005, the estimated annual incidence (per 100,000 population of total orthopedic dislocations in Taiwan was 42.1 (95%CI: 38.1-46.1. The major cause of these orthopedic dislocations was traffic accidents (57.4%, followed by accident falls (27.5%. The annual incidence dislocation by location was shoulder, 15.3; elbow, 7.7; wrist, 3.5; finger, 4.6; hip, 5.2; knee, 1.4; ankle, 2.0; and foot, 2.4. Approximately 16% of shoulder dislocations occurred with other concomitant fractures, compared with 17%, 53%, 16%, 76% and 52%, respectively, of dislocated elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle cases. Including both simple and complex dislocated cases, the mean medical cost was US$612 for treatment of a shoulder dislocation, $504 for the elbow, $1,232 for the wrist, $1,103 for the hip, $1,888 for the knee, and $1,248 for the ankle. Conclusions In Taiwan, three-quarters of all orthopedic dislocations were of the upper limbs. The most common complex fracture-dislocation was of the knee, followed by the wrist and the ankle. Those usually needed a treatment combined with open reduction of fractures and resulted in a higher direct medical expenditure.
Acute and old ruptures of the extensor apparatus of the knee in adults (excluding knee replacement).
Saragaglia, D; Pison, A; Rubens-Duval, B
Rupture of the extensor apparatus of the knee in adults is infrequent and dominated by patellar fracture, which in our experience is six times as frequent as quadriceps or patellar tendon tear. Patellar fracture poses few diagnostic problems and treatment is now well codified. Tension-band osteosynthesis is generally used, involving two longitudinal K-wires and wire in a figure-of-eight pattern looped over the anterior patella; sometimes, for more complex fractures, cerclage wiring is added to the tension band. Non-union is rare and generally well tolerated. Quadriceps tendon tear mainly affects patients over 40 years of age, in a context of systemic disease. Diagnosis is easily suggested by inability to actively extend the knee, but is unfortunately still often overlooked in emergency. In most cases, early surgical management is needed to reinsert the tendon at the proximal pole of the patella by bone suture. For chronic lesions, it is often necessary to lengthen the quadriceps tendon by V-Y plasty or the Codivilla technique. Patellar tendon tear, on the other hand, typically occurs in patients under 40 years of age, often involved in sports. Diagnosis is again clinically straightforward, but again may be missed in emergency, especially in case of incomplete tear. Surgery is mandatory in all cases. The procedure depends on the type of lesion: either end-to-end suture or transosseous reinsertion. In most cases repair is protected by tendon augmentation. Old lesions often require tendon graft or a tendon-bone-tendon-bone graft taken from the opposite side.
Costs and effectiveness of a brief MRI examination of patients with acute knee injury
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Oei, Edwin H.G. [Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology, GE Rotterdam (Netherlands)]|[Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, GE Rotterdam (Netherlands)]|[Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology, CE Rotterdam (Netherlands); Nikken, Jeroen J. [Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology, GE Rotterdam (Netherlands)]|[Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, GE Rotterdam (Netherlands)]|[Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Kleiweg 500, Department of Radiology, PM Rotterdam (Netherlands); Ginai, Abida Z.; Krestin, Gabriel P. [Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology, GE Rotterdam (Netherlands)]|[Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology, CE Rotterdam (Netherlands); Verhaar, Jan A.N. [Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, GE Rotterdam (Netherlands)]|[Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CE Rotterdam (Netherlands); Vugt, Arie B. van [Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Traumatology, GE Rotterdam (Netherlands)]|[UMC St Radboud, Department of Traumatology, P.O. Box 9101, HB Nijmegen (Netherlands); Hunink, M.G.M. [Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology, GE Rotterdam (Netherlands)]|[Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, GE Rotterdam (Netherlands)
The aim of this study was to assess the costs and effectiveness of selective short magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with acute knee injury. A model was developed to evaluate the selective use of MRI in patients with acute knee injury and no fracture on radiography based on the results of a trial in which 208 patients were randomized between radiography only and radiography plus MRI. We analyzed medical (diagnostic and therapeutic) costs, quality of life, duration of diagnostic workup, number of additional diagnostic examinations, time absent from work, and time to convalescence during a 6-month follow-up period. Quality of life was lowest (EuroQol at 6 weeks 0.61 (95% CI 0.54-0.67)); duration of diagnostic workup, absence from work, and time to convalescence were longest; and the number of diagnostic examinations was largest with radiography only. These outcomes were more favorable for both MRI strategies (EuroQol at 6 weeks 0.72 (95% CI 0.67-0.77) for both). Mean total costs were 2,593 euros (95% CI 1,815-3,372) with radiography only, 2,116 euros (95% CI 1,488-2,743) with radiography plus MRI, and 1,973 euros (95% CI 1,401-2,543) with selective MRI. The results suggest that selective use of a short MRI examination saves costs and potentially increases effectiveness in patients with acute knee injury without a fracture on radiography. (orig.)
Surgical treatment of a chronically fixed lateral patella dislocation in an adolescent patient
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Xinning Li
Full Text Available Acute patellar dislocation or subluxation is a common cause for knee injuries in the United States and accounts for 2% to 3% of all injuries. Up to 49% of patients will have recurrent subluxations or dislocations. Importance of both soft tissue\t(predominantly,\tthe medial patellofemoral ligament, MPFL, which is responsible for 60% of the resistance to lateral dislocation and bony constraint of femoral trochlea in preventing subluxation and dislocation is well documented. Acute patella dislocation will require closed reduction and management typically consist of conservative or surgical treatment depending on the symptoms and recurrence of instability. Most patients are diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. We present a 15 years old male with a missed traumatic lateral patella dislocation during childhood. The patient presented as an adolescent with a chronically fixed lateral patella dislocation and was management with surgery. The key steps in the surgical reconstruction of this patient required first mobilizing the patella with a lateral retinacular release and V-Y lengthening of the shortened or contracted quadriceps tendon. Then a combination of MPFL reconstruction using the semi-tendinosis autograft, tibial tubercle osteotomy with anterio-medialization, and lateral facetectomy was performed. At the one-year follow-up, our patient had improved knee range of motion and decrease in pain. Chronically fixed lateral dislocated patella is a rare and complex problem to manage in older patients that will require a thorough work-up and appropriate surgical planning along with reconstruction.
The popliteal fibular ligament in acute knee trauma: patterns of injury on MR imaging
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To describe the patterns of injury associated with injury to the popliteofibular ligament injury. A retrospective review was performed of 180 MRI scans undertaken for acute knee trauma. Scans were excluded if the time of injury was over 4 weeks from the time of the scan, or if there was a history of septic arthritis, inflammatory arthropathy, previous knee surgery, or significant artefact. An agreed criterion for assessing the structures of the posterolateral ligamentous complex was defined and in each scan, the popliteofibular ligament (PFL) was scored as normal or injured. The menisci, ligaments, and tendons of each knee were also assessed. The mean age was 25.7 years (range, 9-65 years) and 72.2 % (n = 130) patients were male. The PFL was injured in 36 cases (20 %). There is a significant association between PFL injury and ACL rupture (p = 0.0001), ITB injury (p = 0.0001), PCL injury (p = 0.0373), in addition to associations with injury to other posterolateral corner structures including the lateral collateral ligament (p = 0.0001), biceps femoris tendon (p = 0.0014), and popliteus tendon (p = 0.0014). Of our series of PFL injuries, nine cases (25 %) were associated with further injuries of posterolateral corner structures and in 27 cases (75 %) the PFL was the only posterolateral corner structure torn. PFL injury is not uncommon in acute knee trauma and is associated with significant internal derangement of the knee, especially anterior cruciate ligament rupture, ITB sprain, and injury to other structures within the posterolateral corner. (orig.)
Acute Knee Trauma: Analysis of Multidetector Computed Tomography Findings and Comparison with Conventional Radiography
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Mustonen, A.O.T. [Helsinki Univ. Central Hospital (Finland). Dept. of Radiology; Koskinen, S.K. [Research Inst. of Military Medicine, Helsinki (Finland); Kiuru, M.J. [ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital, Helsinki (Finland)
Purpose: To evaluate the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings of acute knee trauma and to compare radiography with MDCT in patients referred ta level 1 trauma center. Material and Methods: During a 5-year period, a total of 415 MDCT examinations were performed on 409 patients with acute knee trauma to reveal complex fracture anatomy or rule out a fracture. MDCT and primary radiographs were re-evaluated with respect to fracture location and trauma mechanism. Tibial plateau fractures were further analyzed depending on anatomical location: anterior-medial, anterior-lateral, posterior-lateral, and posterior-medial regions. Maximal depression of the tibial articular surface was measured. Findings on the primary knee radiographs were compared with MDCT findings. Results: Of the 409 patients, 356 (87%) had a knee fracture. A total of 451 fractures were found in all anatomic regions: distal femur ( n = 49), proximal tibia ( n 307), patella ( n = 23), and proximal fibula ( n = 72). Primary radiographs were available in 316 (76%) cases. Of these, 225 (71%) had MDCT in order to reveal the fracture anatomy better, and 91 (29%) had a subsequent MDCT after negative plain radiographs. Overall sensitivity of radiography was 83%, while negative predictive value was 49%. On radiography, tibial plateau articular depression was underestimated in all regions except when the fracture consisted of the whole half of the anterior or posterior plateau. The three main injury mechanisms were traffic accident, a simple fall, and sport. In 49 cases (15%), primary radiographs were suboptimal due to positioning. Conclusion: In severely injured patients, diagnostically sufficient radiographs are difficult to obtain, and therefore a negative radiograph is not reliable in ruling out a fracture. In these patients, MDCT is a fast and accurate examination and is also recommended in patients with tibial plateau fractures or complex knee injuries in order to evaluate the fracture adequately.
The popliteal fibular ligament in acute knee trauma: patterns of injury on MR imaging
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McKean, D.; Thomee, E.; Grant, D.; Teh, J.L.; Mansour, R. [Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford (United Kingdom); Yoong, P. [Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading (United Kingdom); Yanny, S. [Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury (United Kingdom)
To describe the patterns of injury associated with injury to the popliteofibular ligament injury. A retrospective review was performed of 180 MRI scans undertaken for acute knee trauma. Scans were excluded if the time of injury was over 4 weeks from the time of the scan, or if there was a history of septic arthritis, inflammatory arthropathy, previous knee surgery, or significant artefact. An agreed criterion for assessing the structures of the posterolateral ligamentous complex was defined and in each scan, the popliteofibular ligament (PFL) was scored as normal or injured. The menisci, ligaments, and tendons of each knee were also assessed. The mean age was 25.7 years (range, 9-65 years) and 72.2 % (n = 130) patients were male. The PFL was injured in 36 cases (20 %). There is a significant association between PFL injury and ACL rupture (p = 0.0001), ITB injury (p = 0.0001), PCL injury (p = 0.0373), in addition to associations with injury to other posterolateral corner structures including the lateral collateral ligament (p = 0.0001), biceps femoris tendon (p = 0.0014), and popliteus tendon (p = 0.0014). Of our series of PFL injuries, nine cases (25 %) were associated with further injuries of posterolateral corner structures and in 27 cases (75 %) the PFL was the only posterolateral corner structure torn. PFL injury is not uncommon in acute knee trauma and is associated with significant internal derangement of the knee, especially anterior cruciate ligament rupture, ITB sprain, and injury to other structures within the posterolateral corner. (orig.)
The effect of music on pain and acute confusion in older adults undergoing hip and knee surgery.
McCaffrey, Ruth; Locsin, Rozzano
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music listening in older adults following hip or knee surgery. Acute confusion and pain after surgery can increase length of stay and reduce function. Study results demonstrate a reduction in acute confusion and pain and improved ambulation and higher satisfaction scores in older adults who listened to music. PMID:16974175
Clinical Effect of Acute Complete Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation Treated with Micro-Movable and Anatomical Acromioclavicular Plate
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Qingjun Liu, Jianyun Miao, Bin Lin, Zhimin Guo
Full Text Available Objectives: We evaluated the long-term clinical results of acute complete acromioclavicular dislocations treated with micro-movable and anatomical acromioclavicular plate.Methods: Open reduction and internal fixation was performed using the MAAP in 16 patients (10 males, 6 females; mean age 36 years; range16 to 63 years with acute complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Radiographic evaluations were routinely conducted every 3 weeks until 3 months postoperatively. The MAAP were removed under local anesthesia after 3 months postoperatively. We evaluated the functional results by using the constant scoring system and radiological results in the last follow-up time. The mean follow up was 26 months (range 16 to 38 months.Results: The mean Constant score was 94 (range, 78 to 100. The results were excellent in 12 patients (75.0%, good in 3 patients (18.8% and satisfactory in 1patient (6.2%. Three patients with scores of 80 to 90 had mild pain during activity, but have not affected the shoulder range of motion. One patient has both some pain and limited range of motion of shoulder joint. All patients but one have returned to their preoperative work without any limitations. Compared to the contralateral side, radiography showed anatomical reposition in the vertical plane in 14 cases, slight loss of reduction in 2 older patients.Conclusion: We recommend the MAAP fixation for surgical treatment of acute complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation as it could provide satisfactory shoulder functions and clinical results, with lower complication rate. However, it is necessary to continue to observe the clinical effects of this fixation technique.
Does marathon running cause acute lesions of the knee? Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging
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Schueller-Weidekamm, C.; Schueller, G.; Uffmann, M.; Bader, T.R. [Medical University of Vienna, Department of Radiology, Vienna (Austria)
An investigation was conducted into whether running a marathon causes acute alterations in menisci, cartilage, bone marrow, ligaments, or joint effusions, which could be evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-two non-professional marathon runners underwent MRI of the knee before and immediately after running a marathon. Lesions of menisci and cartilage (five-point scale), bone marrow, ligaments (three-point scale), joint effusion, and additional findings were evaluated and a total score was assessed. Before the marathon, grade 1 lesions of the menisci were found in eight runners, and grade 2 lesions in five runners. After the marathon, an upgrading from a meniscal lesion grade 1 to grade 2 was observed in one runner. Before the marathon, grade 1 cartilage lesions were found in three runners, and grade 2 lesions in one runner, all of which remained unchanged after the marathon. Before and after the marathon, unchanged bone marrow edema was present in three runners and unchanged anterior cruciate ligament lesions (grade 1) were seen in two runners. Joint effusions were present in 13 runners in the pre-run scans, slightly increased in four runners after the marathon, and newly occurred in one runner after the marathon. A total score comprising all knee lesions in each runner showed an increase after the marathon in two runners, whereas no runner showed an improvement of the radiological findings (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P>0.05). The evaluation of lesions of the knee with MRI shows that marathon running does not cause severe, acute lesions of cartilage, ligaments, or bone marrow of the knee in well-trained runners. Only subtle changes, such as joint effusions or increased intrameniscal signal alterations, were imaged after running a marathon. (orig.)
Dual-energy computed tomography of cruciate ligament injuries in acute knee trauma
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Peltola, Erno K. [Helsinki University Hospital, Toeoeloe Trauma Center, Department of Radiology, Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki (Finland); Koskinen, Seppo K. [Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Stockholm (Sweden)
To examine dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in evaluating cruciate ligament injuries. More specifically, the purpose was to assess the optimal keV level in DECT gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) images and to examine the usefulness of collagen-specific color mapping and dual-energy bone removal in the evaluation of cruciate ligaments and the popliteus tendon. At a level 1 trauma center, a 29-month period of emergency department DECT examinations for acute knee trauma was reviewed by two radiologists for presence of cruciate ligament injuries, visualization of the popliteus tendon and the optimal keV level in GSI images. Three different evaluating protocols (GSI, bone removal and collagen-specific color mapping) were rated. Subsequent MRI served as a reference standard for intraarticular injuries. A total of 18 patients who had an acute knee trauma, DECT and MRI were found. On MRI, six patients had an ACL rupture. DECT's sensitivity and specificity to detect ACL rupture were 79 % and 100 %, respectively. The DECT vs. MRI intra- and interobserver proportions of agreement for ACL rupture were excellent or good (kappa values 0.72-0.87). Only one patient had a PCL rupture. In GSI images, the optimal keV level was 63 keV. GSI of 40-140 keV was considered to be the best evaluation protocol in the majority of cases. DECT is a usable method to evaluate ACL in acute knee trauma patients with rather good sensitivity and high specificity. GSI is generally a better evaluation protocol than bone removal or collagen-specific color mapping in the evaluation of cruciate ligaments and popliteus tendon. (orig.)
Dual-energy computed tomography of cruciate ligament injuries in acute knee trauma
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
To examine dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in evaluating cruciate ligament injuries. More specifically, the purpose was to assess the optimal keV level in DECT gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) images and to examine the usefulness of collagen-specific color mapping and dual-energy bone removal in the evaluation of cruciate ligaments and the popliteus tendon. At a level 1 trauma center, a 29-month period of emergency department DECT examinations for acute knee trauma was reviewed by two radiologists for presence of cruciate ligament injuries, visualization of the popliteus tendon and the optimal keV level in GSI images. Three different evaluating protocols (GSI, bone removal and collagen-specific color mapping) were rated. Subsequent MRI served as a reference standard for intraarticular injuries. A total of 18 patients who had an acute knee trauma, DECT and MRI were found. On MRI, six patients had an ACL rupture. DECT's sensitivity and specificity to detect ACL rupture were 79 % and 100 %, respectively. The DECT vs. MRI intra- and interobserver proportions of agreement for ACL rupture were excellent or good (kappa values 0.72-0.87). Only one patient had a PCL rupture. In GSI images, the optimal keV level was 63 keV. GSI of 40-140 keV was considered to be the best evaluation protocol in the majority of cases. DECT is a usable method to evaluate ACL in acute knee trauma patients with rather good sensitivity and high specificity. GSI is generally a better evaluation protocol than bone removal or collagen-specific color mapping in the evaluation of cruciate ligaments and popliteus tendon. (orig.)
Acute injury affects lubricin expression in knee menisci: an immunohistochemical study.
Musumeci, Giuseppe; Loreto, Carla; Carnazza, Maria Luisa; Cardile, Venera; Leonardi, Rosalia
The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time lubricin expression in intact menisci and in menisci from patients with recent knee joint injury using histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and gene expression analysis, to provide insights into pathological processes affecting meniscal tissue. Lubricin expression was studied in vivo in 20 patients (14 males and 6 females) with recent joint injury subjected to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and in vitro in fibroblast-like cells from meniscus tissue to establish whether it is down-regulated following acute traumatic knee injury. The control group consisted of cadaver donors with normal menisci. Histology demonstrated a normal tissue without structural changes in control samples and structural alterations and clefts in injured menisci. Very strong lubricin immunohistochemical staining was observed in intact menisci; in contrast weak staining was seen in injured menisci. Western blot and mRNA expression analysis also demonstrated strong lubricin expression in control cells and a negligible amount of lubricin in injured fibroblast-like cells. Our data provide information concerning the immediate in vivo response to injury of human knee menisci by documenting early changes in the boundary-lubricating ability of synovial fluid and articular cartilage integrity. These findings may provide the biological basis for developing novel medical therapies to be applied before surgical treatment to preserve tissue function and prevent cartilage damage.
Magnetic resonance imaging of bone bruising in the acutely injured knee--short-term outcome
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Davies, N.H.; Niall, D.; King, L.J.; Lavelle, J.; Healy, J.C. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
AIM: To investigate the short-term outcome and associated injuries of bone bruising in the acutely injured knee. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Thirty patients (age range 17-39 years, mean 28 years) with bone bruising identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after an acute knee injury were rescanned 12-14 weeks post-injury. The volume of bone bruising was measured on coronal STIR (short TI inversion recovery) images and correlation made with the presence and type of ligamentous and osteochondral injuries. RESULTS: All bone bruises were present on repeat MRI. Twenty of the 30 patients (67%) had associated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, seven of the 30 (23%) had collateral ligament injuries and three of the 30 (10%) had no associated ligamentous injuries. Greater than 50% reduction in bone bruise volume was demonstrated at repeat scanning in 24 of the 30 patients (80%) and less than 50% in five of the 30 patients (17%). One patient showed an increase in volume of bone bruising at follow-up. There was no correlation between initial size or size reduction of bone bruising and the presence/absence or type of associated injuries. In 21 patients the bone bruises resolved from the periphery, whilst eight patients showed bone bruises that resolved towards the joint margin, all of whom had associated osteochondral injuries. Of the 30 patients, 17 showed bone bruising that extended to the joint margin, 10 of whom had associated osteochondral injuries on MRI. On clinical review some degree of knee pain was still present in all but one of the patients reviewed. The single patient who reported complete resolution of symptoms was one of the three patients with isolated bone bruising CONCLUSION: Bone bruises persist for at least 12-14 weeks, which is longer than previously quoted. Two discrete patterns of bone bruise resolution have been demonstrated. The size and persistence of bone bruising is not related to the presence or absence or type of associated ligamentous
MRI findings of juvenile acute pure cartilage fracture of the knee joint
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Objective: To study the MRI manifestation of juvenile acute pule cartilage fracture of the knee joint. Methods: The MRI changes of cartilage, subcartilage low signal line and subcartilage bone were analysed retrospectively in 26 juvenile patients with acute pure cartilage fracture confirmed by arthroscopy. Sagittal and coronal MRI scanning were performed in 26 patients. Using fast low angle shot fat saturation T1-weighted image (FLASH-FS-T1WI) sequences, spin echo T1-weighted image (SE-TWI) and fast imaging with steady-state precession three dimensional fat saturation T2-weighted image(FISP-3D -FS- T2WI) sequences in sagittal plane, SE-T1WI and multi echo data image combination T2-weighted imaging (MEDIC or ME-T2WI) in coronal plane. Using ME-T2WI sequence, axial plane MRI scanning in 5 patients. Results: Twenty-seven sites of 26 patients include 8 patella, 7 femoral medial condyle, 11 femoral lateral condyle and l tibial plateau. Three types pure cartilage fracture were observed, totally defect of the cartilage in 7 sites (include 3 patella, 2 femoral medial condyle, 1 femoral lateral condyle and 1 tibial plateau), fissuring fracture in 3 sites (include 2 femoral medial and 1 femoral lateral condyles), superficial defect of the cartilage in 17 sites (include 5 patella, 3 femoral medial and 9 femoral lateral condyle). Corpus liberum was found in 21 patients' knee joints by arthroscopy, but only 3 cases by MRI. Bone bruise was detected, and subcartilage low signal lines were normal. Conclusion: Using FLASH-FS- T1WI, SE-T1WI, FISP-3D-FS-T2WI and ME-T2WI sequences, sagittal and coronal MRI scanning in femoral and tibial plateau pure cartilage fractures, and using ME-T2WI sequence axial scanning in patellar cartilage fractures may show the position, extension and types of the acute pure cartilage fracture of the knee joint. MRI is the best non-invasive method for studying cartilage fracture. (authors)
Clinical and Arthroscopic Findings of Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears of the Knee
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Kenji Shirakura
Full Text Available Clinical, arthrographic, and arthroscopic findings in 53 patients with acutely torn anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs were documented. Arthroscopy and instability tests under anesthesia were performed on all patients within 2 weeks after the initial injury. Twenty-three patients complained of extension blocks, and localized tenderness on the medial side was revealed in 26 patients at the initial examination. Aspiration from joints exhibited hemarthrosis in 52 patients. Arthroscopy revealed ACL ruptures in all patients. Four Segond's fractures, 26 meniscus tears (8 medial and 18 lateral, 1 osteochondral fracture, and 19 medial collateral ligament ruptures were revealed. Arthroscopy detected only 1 of the 5 ruptures of the posteromedial corner of the medial meniscus, which were noted on arthrography. Three ACL stumps were protruding among the femorotibial joint, which seemed to be restricting full extension. Statistical analysis showed that tenderness on the medial side was not revealed more frequently in knees with medial collateral ligament injuries than in the others. The volume of aspirated fluids in knees with no leakage in arthrography significantly increased over those with leakages (p < 0.05. Diagnosis of ACL injuries should be completed by clinical, arthrographic, and arthroscopic examinations.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the clinical management of the acutely locked knee
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McNally, Eugene G.; Nasser, Khalid N.; Dawson, Stewart; Goh, Leslie A. [Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre and Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LD (United Kingdom)
To explore prospectively the hypothesis that MRI of the acutely locked knee can alter surgical decision-making.Design and patients. The study group comprised patients with a clinical diagnosis of knee locking requiring arthroscopy. The decision to carry out arthroscopy was made by an experienced consultant orthopaedic surgeon specialising in trauma and recorded in the patient's notes prior to MRI. Preoperative MRI was carried out using a 1.5 T system. The management was altered from surgical to conservative treatment in 20 (48%) patients on the basis of the MR findings. Arthroscopy was limited to patients with an MR diagnosis of a mechanical block, usually a displaced meniscal tear or loose body. Both patient groups were followed clinically until symptoms resolved.Results. Forty-two patients were entered into the study. MRI identified a mechanical cause for locking in 22 patients (21 avulsion meniscal tears and 1 loose body). All were confirmed at arthroscopy. Twenty patients were changed from operative to non-operative treatment on the basis of the MRI findings. One patient in this group required a delayed arthroscopy for an impinging anterior cruciate ligament stump. The sensitivity/specificity/accuracy of MRI in identifying patients who require arthroscopy was therefore 96%/100%/98% respectively.Conclusion. MRI can successfully segregate patients with a clinical diagnosis of mechanical locking into those who have a true mechanical block and those who can be treated conservatively. MRI should precede arthroscopy in this clinical setting. (orig.)
Bone marrow edema pattern around the knee on magnetic resonance imaging excluding acute traumatic lesions.
Steinbach, Lynne S; Suh, Kyung Jin
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very sensitive for the detection of marrow abnormalities. Bone marrow edema on MRI has been defined as an area of low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, associated with intermediate or high signal intensity findings on T2-weighted images. The bone marrow edema pattern is a nonspecific finding with multiple etiologies. The knee is a common place for bone marrow signal abnormalities to appear on MRI. Besides contusions and fractures from acute trauma, there are a variety of other causes of the bone marrow edema pattern. It is important for the interpreter of the study to be aware of the different etiologies responsible for producing these changes and to be able to narrow the differential diagnosis without mistaking such a pattern for acute trauma or infiltrative tumor. This article concentrates on those entities that produce a bone marrow edema pattern not related to acute trauma including red marrow proliferation, stress, osteochondral lesions, osteonecrosis, bone marrow edema syndrome, arthropathy, infection, Paget's disease, and marrow replacement disorders. PMID:21644195
创伤性髋关节脱位合并膝关节损伤的临床研究%Knee injury in patients with high-energy traumatic ipsilateral hip dislocation
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
吕辉照; 赵枫; 曹杰; 陈阳; 张冬福
Objective To observe the incidence of coexislenl ipsilaleral knee inury in patients with Lraumatic hip dislocation. Methods From April 2004 Lo May 2010, the ipsilaleral knees in 28 palienls who had a traumalic hip dislocation were evaluated prospeclively on the basis of a standardized history, physical examination, and magnelic resonance imaging. Results 21 (75% ) of the 28 knees were painful. 25 ( 89% ) knees had visible evidence of soft-tissue injury by inspection. As one knee was excluded because of artifacts, magnetic resonance imaging revealed evidence of abnormality in 25 (93%) of the left 27 knees, among which effusion (37% ) , bone bruise (33% ) , and meniscal tear (30% ) were the most common findings. Conclusions The present study provides evidence for a high incidence of associated ipsilaleral knee injuries in palients with traumalic hip dislocation. Bone contusion may be a possible explanation for persislenl knee pain following a traumalic hip dislocation. Regular use of magnetic resonance imaging is recommanded for the evaluation of these patients in order to detect injury that may not be discoverable by history and physical examination.%目的探讨创伤性髋关节脱位中合并的膝关节损伤的发病情况.方法 2004年4月至2010年5月本组共收治创伤性髋关节脱位患者28例,通过同侧膝关节的病史、体格检查和MRI检查,研究所有创伤性髋关节脱位患者同侧膝关节的损伤情况.结果 28例髋关节脱位患者中有21例(75%)同侧膝关节疼痛.体格检查中25例(89%)发现软组织损伤的可见证据,2例(7%)交叉韧带或侧副韧带损伤,10例(36%)膝关节积液,4例(14%)半月板损伤的体征.28例膝关节MRI检查中1例产生伪影予排除,其余27例中有25例MRI上发现异常信号,其中膝关节积液(37%)、骨挫伤(33%)、半月板撕裂(30%)是最常见的异常.结论 该研究中发现创伤性髋关节脱位患者合并同侧膝关节损伤的发病率较高,骨挫伤可�
Evaluation of medial patellofemoral ligament tears after acute lateral patellar dislocation: comparison of high-frequency ultrasound and MR
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Zhang, Guang-Ying; Ding, Hong-Yu [Shandong University, Department of Ultrasonography, Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan (China); Zheng, Lei; Sun, Bai-Sheng [Chinese People' s Armed Police Force, Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Corps Hospital, Jinan (China); Li, En-Miao [Jinan Third People' s Hospital, Department of Ultrasonography, Jinan (China); Shi, Hao [Shandong University, Department of Radiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan (China)
The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of high-frequency ultrasound with MR in the evaluation of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) lesions after acute lateral patellar dislocation (LPD). High-frequency ultrasound and MR images were prospectively obtained in 97 consecutive patients with acute LPD. Images were acquired using standardised protocols and were independently evaluated by two radiologists. The MPFL was assessed at three sites (patellar insertion, femoral attachment, and mid-substance) for signs of injury. Of a total of 291 sites in 97 MPFLs, 127 showed proven MPFL tear at surgery, including 51 sites of complete tear and 76 sites of partial tear. In a site-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound was 90.8 %, 96.3 %, and 94.6 %, respectively, for partial MPFL tear and 86.3 %, 96.3 %, and 94 %, respectively, for complete tear. For MR, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy was 81.6 %, 95.7 %, and 91.3 %, respectively, for partial MPFL tear and 80.4 %, 95.7 %, and 92.1 %, respectively, for complete tear. There was no statistical difference between high-frequency ultrasound and MR in the assessment of partial (P = 0.1, 0.777, 0.155) or complete (P = 0.425, 0.777, 0.449) MPFL lesions. Interobserver agreement was very good for high-frequency ultrasound and good for MR. Data suggest that high-frequency ultrasound and MR have similar diagnostic performance in the evaluation of MPFL lesions after acute LPD. (orig.)
... to tearing. Growth Plate Injuries, Fractures, and Dislocations Knee fractures rarely occur in childhood sports, but with any ... is the bump on the front of the knee where the patellar tendon attaches. Fractures to the growth plate in this area often ...
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陈志伟; 刘春磊; 杨乐忠; 戴祝; 曹盛俊
目的 观察分期治疗外性伤膝关节脱位合并多韧带损伤的临床疗效. 方法 2005年6月-2008年11月,收治13例外伤性膝关节脱位合并多韧带损伤患者.男9例,女4例;年龄18~54岁,平均30.7岁.致伤原因:运动伤8例,交通事故伤2例,高处哈落伤2例,扭伤1例.左侧3例,右侧10例.受伤至入院时间6 h~2 d,平均9h.8例前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)、后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)及内侧副韧带(medial collateral ligament,MCL)损伤,3例ACL、PCL及外侧副韧带(lateral collateral ligament,LCL)损伤,2例ACL、PCL、MCL及LCL损伤.10例外翻应力试验为++~+++,5例内翻应力试验为++~+++;13例前、后抽屉试验均为阳性,Lachman试验为++~+++.一期手术修复PCL、MCL、LCL及半月板,术后固定3~4周后开始功能锻炼,4~6个月后膝关节活动范围良好且存在前方不稳时二期于关节镜下重建ACL. 结果 两次手术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染及骨筋膜室综合征等并发症发生.患者均获随访,随访时间12~60个月,平均36个月.一期术后4周2例出现关节腔积液,经穿刺抽吸后缓解,其余患者均未出现膝关节不适.二期术后3个月1例外翻应力试验++,1例为+;1例内翻应力试验为+;1例Lachman试验++,1例为+;其余患者各试验均为阴性.二期术后12个月患膝关节屈曲达100~135°,平均123.4°;伸直达0~4°,平均2.3°.根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准评定:获优9例,良2例,可2例,优良率84.6%. 结论 分期治疗外伤性膝关节脱位合并多韧带损伤可获得较好的临床效果.%Objective To observe the effectiveness of traumatic dislocation of the knee joint combined with multiple ligament injuries treated by stages. Methods Between June 2005 and November 2008, 13 cases of traumatic dislocation of the knee joint combined with multiple ligament injuries were treated by stages, including 9 males and 4 females with an average age of 30
Medial patellofemoral ligament injury patterns and associated pathology in lateral patella dislocation: an MRI study
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Guerrero Patrick
Full Text Available Abstract Background Lateral Patella dislocations are common injuries seen in the active and young adult populations. Our study focus was to evaluate medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL injury patterns and associated knee pathology using Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies. Methods MRI studies taken at one imaging site between January, 2007 to January, 2008 with the final diagnosis of patella dislocation were screened for this study. Of the 324 cases that were found, 195 patients with lateral patellar dislocation traumatic enough to cause bone bruises on the lateral femoral trochlea and the medial facet of the patella were selected for this study. The MRI images were reviewed by three independent observers for location and type of MPFL injury, osteochondral defects, loose bodies, MCL and meniscus tears. The data was analyzed as a single cohort and by gender. Results This study consisted of 127 males and 68 females; mean age of 23 yrs. Tear of the MPFL at the patellar attachment occurred in 93/195 knees (47%, at the femoral attachment in 50/195 knees (26%, and at both the femoral and patella attachment sites in 26/195 knees (13%. Attenuation of the MPFL without rupture occurred in 26/195 knees (13%. Associated findings included loose bodies in 23/195 (13%, meniscus tears 41/195 (21%, patella avulsion/fracture in 14/195 (7%, medial collateral ligament sprains/tears in 37/195 (19% and osteochondral lesions in 96/195 knees (49%. Statistical analysis showed females had significantly more associated meniscus tears than the males (27% vs. 17%, p = 0.04. Although not statistically significant, osteochondral lesions were seen more in male patients with acute patella dislocation (52% vs. 42%, p = 0.08. Conclusion Patients who present with lateral patella dislocation with the classic bone bruise pattern seen on MRI will likely rupture the MPFL at the patellar side. Females are more likely to have an associated meniscal tear than males; however, more males
Acute arterial occlusion in the midpiece of femoral artery following total knee arthroplasty: Report of one case
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Rui He; Liu Yang
Acute arterial occlusion is a rare complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).The incidence as reported previously is from 0.03% to 0.17%;however,the sequelae can be disastrous because of its potential threat to limb loss.We report a case of acute arterial occlusion in the midpiece of femoral artery following TKA occurred 40 min postoperatively.The occlusion site existed at the midpiece of femoral artery is uncommon.Arterial circulation of the lower limb could not be restored by the thrombolysis and thrombectomy treatments performed within 11 h after TKA.In the end,amputation had to be carried out.In the treatment of acute arterial occlusion following TKA with a tourniquet,it is important to fully consider that arteriosclerosis may induce atheromatous plaque disruption,which might be the reason for acute arterial occlusion.
关节镜下喙锁韧带增强术治疗肩锁关节脱位%Arthroscopic treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations by coracoacromial ligament augmentation and suture
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皇甫小桥; 赵金忠; 何耀华; 杨星光; 刘旭东; 刘闻欣; 王海明
,nine patients with acute AC joint dislocation type Ⅲ and three patients with type V were treated arthroscopically to augment the reconstructed CC ligaments (conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament ) by the suture plate (ASCULAP Company, Germany,B′Braun)used to reconstruct ligaments of knee joint.Patients were pre and postoperatively evaluated with X-ray examinations,American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons′Form (ASES)and Constant-Murley Score (CMS).Results All 1 2 patients were followed up for at least 1 2 months (range,1 2 to 1 8 months).The average ASES score significantly increased from 28.7 preoperatively to 86.9 postoperatively, and the mean CMS score from 24 to 91,respectively.X-ray data showed a good reduction of the AC joint in the treated group.9 1 .7% of patients (1 1 patients)obtained an obvious therapeutic effect after operation. 83.3% of patients (10 patients)returned to their pre-injury level of athletics.Acromioclavicular subluxation was only found in one case.Discussion AC joint dislocation usually appears in youth and adults with obvious traumatic history,and often results from the direct violence on the adducted shoulder.The stable structure of AC joint is achieved by the connection between the scapula and the clavicle,and the integrity of the sternoclavicular articulation and the scapulothoracic joint.According to the injury level of acromioclavicular stability,AC joint injuries can be classified into six types by Rockwood,type Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ should be fixed through operation for its disruption of stable structures.The goal of surgical procedure on AC joint dislocation is to reconstruct its anatomy and function. Activity of AC joint and its postoperative rehabilitation training will be inevitably affected by any operation of strict limitation on its flexibility. Arthroscopically assisted augmentation of reconstructed CC ligaments with the suture plate button technique is an effective method in treating AC joint dislocation,which restores its
Acute Improvement of Vertical Jump Performance After Isometric Squats Depends on Knee Angle and Vertical Jumping Ability.
Tsoukos, Athanasios; Bogdanis, Gregory C; Terzis, Gerasimos; Veligekas, Panagiotis
Tsoukos, A, Bogdanis, GC, Terzis, G, and Veligekas, P. Acute improvement of vertical jump performance after isometric squats depends on knee angle and vertical jumping ability. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2250-2257, 2016-This study examined the acute effects of maximum isometric squats at 2 different knee angles (90 or 140°) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in power athletes. Fourteen national-level male track and field power athletes completed 3 main trials (2 experimental and 1 control) in a randomized and counterbalanced order 1 week apart. Countermovement jump performance was evaluated using a force-plate before and 15 seconds, 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes after 3 sets of 3 seconds maximum isometric contractions with 1-minute rest in between, from a squat position with knee angle set at 90 or 140°. Countermovement jump performance was improved compared with baseline only in the 140° condition by 3.8 ± 1.2% on the 12th minute of recovery (p = 0.027), whereas there was no change in CMJ height in the 90° condition. In the control condition, there was a decrease in CMJ performance over time, reaching -3.6 ± 1.2% (p = 0.049) after 12 minutes of recovery. To determine the possible effects of baseline jump performance on subsequent CMJ performance, subjects were divided into 2 groups ("high jumpers" and "low jumpers"). The baseline CMJ values of "high jumpers" and "low jumpers" differed significantly (CMJ: 45.1 ± 2.2 vs. 37.1 ± 3.9 cm, respectively, p = 0.001). Countermovement jump was increased only in the "high jumpers" group by 5.4 ± 1.4% (p = 0.001) and 7.4 ± 1.2% (p = 0.001) at the knee angles of 90 and 140°, respectively. This improvement was larger at the 140° angle (p = 0.049). Knee angle during isometric squats and vertical jumping ability are important determinants of the acute CMJ performance increase observed after a conditioning activity.
Acute Improvement of Vertical Jump Performance After Isometric Squats Depends on Knee Angle and Vertical Jumping Ability.
Tsoukos, Athanasios; Bogdanis, Gregory C; Terzis, Gerasimos; Veligekas, Panagiotis
Tsoukos, A, Bogdanis, GC, Terzis, G, and Veligekas, P. Acute improvement of vertical jump performance after isometric squats depends on knee angle and vertical jumping ability. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2250-2257, 2016-This study examined the acute effects of maximum isometric squats at 2 different knee angles (90 or 140°) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in power athletes. Fourteen national-level male track and field power athletes completed 3 main trials (2 experimental and 1 control) in a randomized and counterbalanced order 1 week apart. Countermovement jump performance was evaluated using a force-plate before and 15 seconds, 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes after 3 sets of 3 seconds maximum isometric contractions with 1-minute rest in between, from a squat position with knee angle set at 90 or 140°. Countermovement jump performance was improved compared with baseline only in the 140° condition by 3.8 ± 1.2% on the 12th minute of recovery (p = 0.027), whereas there was no change in CMJ height in the 90° condition. In the control condition, there was a decrease in CMJ performance over time, reaching -3.6 ± 1.2% (p = 0.049) after 12 minutes of recovery. To determine the possible effects of baseline jump performance on subsequent CMJ performance, subjects were divided into 2 groups ("high jumpers" and "low jumpers"). The baseline CMJ values of "high jumpers" and "low jumpers" differed significantly (CMJ: 45.1 ± 2.2 vs. 37.1 ± 3.9 cm, respectively, p = 0.001). Countermovement jump was increased only in the "high jumpers" group by 5.4 ± 1.4% (p = 0.001) and 7.4 ± 1.2% (p = 0.001) at the knee angles of 90 and 140°, respectively. This improvement was larger at the 140° angle (p = 0.049). Knee angle during isometric squats and vertical jumping ability are important determinants of the acute CMJ performance increase observed after a conditioning activity. PMID:26808841
Conservative treatment of acute knee osteoarthritis: A review of the Cochrane Library
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Emerito Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan
Conclusions: Five main strategies for the conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis exist that must be used before indicating surgical treatment: medical treatment, physical medicine and rehabilitation, intra-articular injections, acupuncture, and self-management education programs.
The Effects of NMDA Antagonists on Neuronal Activity in Cat Spinal Cord Evoked by Acute Inflammation in the Knee Joint.
Schaible, Hans-Georg; Grubb, Blair D.; Neugebauer, Volker; Oppmann, Maria
In alpha-chloralose-anaesthetized, spinalized cats we examined the effects of NMDA antagonists on the discharges of 71 spinal neurons which had afferent input from the knee joint. These neurons were rendered hyperexcitable by acute arthritis in the knee induced by kaolin and carrageenan. They were located in the deep dorsal and ventral horn and some of them had ascending axons. The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists ketamine and d-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP5), were administered ionophoretically, and ketamine was also administered intravenously. In some of the experiments the antagonists were tested against the agonists NMDA and quisqualate. The effects of the NMDA antagonists consisted of a significant reduction in the resting activity of neurons and/or the responses of the same neurons to mechanical stimulation of the inflamed knee. Intravenous ketamine was most effective in suppressing the resting and mechanically evoked activity in 25 of 26 neurons tested. Ionophoretically applied ketamine had a suppressive effect in 11 of 21 neurons, and AP5 decreased activity in 17 of 24 cells. The reduction in the resting and/or the mechanically evoked discharges was achieved with doses of the antagonists which suppressed the responses to NMDA but not those to quisqualate. These results suggest that NMDA receptors are involved in the enhanced responses and basal activity of spinal neurons induced by inflammation in the periphery. PMID:12106256
Intra-articular lignocaine versus intravenous analgesia with or without sedation for manual reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation in adults.
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
Wakai, Abel
BACKGROUND: There is conflicting evidence regarding the use of intra-articular lignocaine injection for the closed manual reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocations. A systematic review may help cohere the conflicting evidence. OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intra-articular lignocaine and intravenous analgesia (with or without sedation) for reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 1), MEDLINE (1950 to March 2010), and EMBASE (1980 to March 2010). We searched Current Controlled Trials metaRegister of Clinical Trials (compiled by Current Science) (March 2010). We imposed no language restriction. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing intra-articular lignocaine (IAL) with intravenous analgesia with or without sedation (IVAS) in adults aged 18 years and over for reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Where possible, data were pooled and relative risks (RR) and mean differences (MD), each with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were computed using the Cochrane Review Manager statistical package (RevMan). MAIN RESULTS: Of 1041 publications obtained from the search strategy, we examined nine studies. Four studies were excluded, and five studies with 211 participants were eligible for inclusion. There was no difference in the immediate success rate of IAL when compared with IVAS in the closed manual reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.83 to 1.10). There were significantly fewer adverse effects associated with IAL compared with IVAS (RR 0.16; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.43). The mean time spent in the emergency department was significantly less with IAL compared with IVAS (MD 109.46 minutes; 95% CI 84.60 to 134.32). One trial reported significantly less time for
MRI evaluation of osteonecrosis in knee joints after intravenous administration of corticosteroids in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Objective: To evaluate MRI features of osteonecrosis in knee joints after intravenous administration of exogenous corticosteroids in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods: MRI was done in 18 patients (medical staff from 4 hospitals) suffered from SARS and treated with intravenous use of exogenous corticosteroids in hip joints and knee joints to indicate the findings and characteristics of osteonecrosis as well as their relation with hormone amount. Results: Eleven patients showed lesions of osteonecrosis in knee joints with bilateral in 7 and unilateral in 4, and 3 patients were complicated with avascular necrosis in bilateral femoral heads. Among the 38 lesions in knee joints, 34 lesions were located in medial condylu, lateral condylus and shaft of femur, and 4 in medial condylus or lateral condylus of tibia. Large-middle lesions showed geographic focus of typically heterogeneous signal (low or intermediate signal intensity on T1WI and high or intermediate signal intensity T2WI) within the marrow that was surrounded by characteristic low signal intensity, serpentine border on T1, T2WI. This border showed a classic double-line sign on T2WI in 4 lesions. Small lesions showed low signal intensity on T1 and low or high signal intensity on T2WI. Subchondral avascular necrosis in middle-upper femoral heads showed intermediate signal intensity on T1 weighted images and high or complicated signal intensity on T2WI encircled with characteristic low signal intensity, serpentine border on T1 and T2WI. This border showed a classic double-line sign on T2 weighted images in avascular necrosis of bilateral femoral heads in 1 case. Conclusion: In these cases, osteonecrosis in knee joints was more than in femoral heads in patients with SARS after intravenous use of exogenous corticosteroids, mostly located in medial condylus, lateral condylus and shaft of femur as well as in medial condylus or lateral condylus of tibia. So, MRI should be early done in
Acromioclavicular dislocation: postoperative evaluation of the coracoclavicular ligaments using magnetic resonance☆
Faria, Rafael Salomon Silva; Ribeiro, Fabiano Rebouças; Amin, Bruno de Oliveira; Tenor Junior, Antonio Carlos; da Costa, Miguel Pereira; Filardi Filho, Cantídio Salvador; Batista, Cleber Gonçalves; Brasil Filho, Rômulo
Objective To radiologically evaluate the healing of the coracoclavicular ligaments after surgical treatment for acromioclavicular dislocation. Methods Ten patients who had undergone surgical treatment for acromioclavicular dislocation via a posterosuperior route at least one year earlier were invited to return for radiological assessment using magnetic resonance. This evaluation was done by means of analogy with the scale described in the literature for studying the healing of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee and for measuring the healed coracoclavicular ligaments. Results A scar structure of fibrous appearance had formed in 100% of the cases. In 50% of the cases, the images of this structure had a good appearance, while the other 50% were deficient. Conclusion Late postoperative evaluation using magnetic resonance, on patients who had been treated for acute acromioclavicular dislocation using a posterosuperior route in the shoulder, showed that the coracoclavicular ligaments had healed in 100% of the cases, but that this healing was deficient in 50%. PMID:26229916
Effects of Group-Based Exercise on Range of Motion, Muscle Strength, Functional Ability, and Pain During the Acute Phase After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Controlled Clinical Trial.
Hiyama, Yoshinori; Kamitani, Tsukasa; Wada, Osamu; Mizuno, Kiyonori; Yamada, Minoru
Study Design Prospective observational study including a historical control group. Background The extent to which group-based exercise (G-EXE) improves knee range of motion (ROM), quadriceps strength, and gait ability is similar to that of individualized exercise (I-EXE) at 6 weeks and 8 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the benefits of G-EXE for patients during the acute recovery phase after TKA remain unclear. Objective To determine the effects of G-EXE during the acute recovery phase after TKA on knee ROM, quadriceps strength, functional ability, and knee pain. Methods Two hundred thirty-one patients participated in G-EXE in addition to regular ambulation and activities-of-daily-living exercises twice daily during the hospital stay. Outcomes were compared to those of a retrospectively identified, historical control group (I-EXE group [n = 206]) that included patients who performed exercises identical to those performed by the G-EXE group. The outcomes included knee ROM, quadriceps strength, pain intensity, and timed up-and-go test score at 1 month before surgery and at discharge. Analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, length of hospital stay, and preoperative values. Results Changes in ROM of knee flexion and extension (PSports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):742-748. Epub 5 Aug 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6409. PMID:27494052
Neglected Traumatic Locked Anterior Shoulder Fracture-Dislocation
Er, Mehmet Serhan; Eroglu, Mehmet; Erten, Recep Abdullah; Metineren, Hasan; Altinel, Levent
Anterior shoulder dislocations are the most common major joint dislocations encountered in the emergency departments and fractures of proximal humerus can accompany with dislocations. Although the treatment of acute isolated traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation is generally simple, the treatment of neglected fracture-dislocations becomes more complicated. In this report, a 22-year-old male patient who had posttraumatic locked, shoulder fracture-dislocation is presented. Open reduction and ...
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El-Khoury, G.Y.; Yousefzadeh, D.K.; Mulligan, G.M.; Moore, T.E.
Over a period of three years we have seen nine patients with subtalar dislocation, all of whom sustained violent trauma to the region of the ankle and hind foot. All but one patient were males. Clinically a subtalar dislocation resembles a complicated fracture dislocation of the ankle but a definitive diagnosis can only be made radiographically. The mechanism of injury and radiographic features of this injury are discussed.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Over a period of three years we have seen nine patients with subtalar dislocation, all of whom sustained violent trauma to the region of the ankle and hind foot. All but one patient were males. Clinically a subtalar dislocation resembles a complicated fracture dislocation of the ankle but a definitive diagnosis can only be made radiographically. The mechanism of injury and radiographic features of this injury are discussed. (orig.)
膝关节脱位合并动脉损伤10例报告%Diagnosis and treatment of dislocation of the knee joint with popliteal artery injury
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
程可可; 潘振宇; 喻爱喜; 陶圣祥; 卜祥鹏; 张浩
目的:观察膝关节脱位合并动脉损伤诊治后的疗效。方法10例中,闭合性损伤6例,开放性损伤4例,伤后10 h 转运至我院,及时予以膝关节复位外固定器固定、修复断裂血管、小腿切开减压以及神经缝合、韧带重建等处理。结果患肢均得以保存。随访3个月至6年。2例在术后2年内重建交叉韧带,膝踝关节活动良好。4例合并腓总神经损伤者2例后期行踝关节融合术。1例小腿骨筋膜室综合征患者肌肉坏死后踝关节功能障碍,术后9个月行踝关节融合术。1例术后即重返工作。3例术后2年仍有关节疼痛和关节僵硬症状。1例术后3年失访。结论早期诊断,及时恢复血液供应,尽早重建膝关节交叉韧带,可以有效提高膝关节脱位合并动脉损伤的疗效。%Objective To study the curative effect / after the diagnosis and treatment of dislocation of the knee joint with popliteal artery injury. Methods In 10 patients, 6 cases had closed injury, 4 cases had open injury; 10 h after injury the patients were transported to our hospital. Timely reduction and external fixator fixation of knee joint, leg osteo-fascial compartment decompression, repair of broken blood vessels and nerve, ligament reconstruction treatment were performed. Results Limbs have been saved, in 1 case the wound healed after repeated debridement. In another case the wound healed after skin grafting of popliteal fossa posterior, the patient was followed up for 3 months to 6 years. 2 patients had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction within 2 years after surgery. Knee and ankle joints were good in motility. Four patients had common peroneal nerve injury, one of them had ankle arthrodesis. 1 case of osteofascial compartment syndrome had muscle necrosis and posterior ankle joint dysfunction. Nine months after the surgery ankle arthrodesis was performed. 1 patient returned to work immediately after surgery. 2 years later there
Retrowalking as an adjunct to conventional treatment versus conventional treatment alone on pain and disability in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized clinical trial
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Gauri Arun Gondhalekar
Full Text Available Background: Increased external knee adduction moment during walking alters the joint biomechanics; which causes symptoms in chronic knee osteoarthritis patients. Aims: To assess additional effects of Retro-walking over conventional treatment on pain and disability in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: Thirty chronic knee osteoarthritis patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group ′A′ (7 men, 8 women received conventional treatment. Group ′B′ (8 men, 7 women received conventional treatment and Retro-walking. Pain, assessed through visual analogue scale (VAS, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC were the primary outcomes and knee range of motion (ROM, hip abductor and extensor strength were secondary outcomes; measured pre-intervention, after 1 week and after 3 weeks of intervention. Results: Two factors analysis of variance for repeated measures was used for all outcomes. At the end of 3 weeks; WOMAC score showed highly significant difference within ( P < 0.0001 and significant difference between groups ( P = 0.040 also by Time × group interaction ( P = 0.024, VAS showed highly significant difference within groups ( P < 0.0001. Knee ROM showed significant difference within groups. Hip abductor and extensor strength showed significant difference by Time × group interaction ( P < 0.05. Conclusion: Retrowalking is an effective adjunct to conventional treatment in decreasing disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Acute non-traumatic marrow edema syndrome in the knee: MRI findings at presentation, correlation with spinal DEXA and outcome
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Karantanas, Apostolos H. [Department of Radiology, University of Crete, Heraklion 711 10 Greece (Greece)], E-mail: email@example.com; Drakonaki, Elena [Department of Radiology, University of Crete, Heraklion 711 10 Greece (Greece); Karachalios, Theophilos [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Thessaly, Larissa 411 10 Greece (Greece); Korompilias, Anastasios V. [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 451 10 (Greece); Malizos, Konstantinos [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Thessaly, Larissa 411 10 Greece (Greece)
Purpose: The aim of the study was to present the MRI findings of non-traumatic edema-like lesions presented acutely in the adult knee and to correlate them with the 3-year outcome and the bone mineral density (BMD) in the spine. Materials and methods: Ninety-eight patients (40 men, 58 women, mean age 60.1 {+-} 11 years, age range 27-82 years), were followed up clinically as well as with MR imaging, when indicated, for at least 3 years. Patients were classified according to presentation in 3 groups (A: bone marrow edema (BME), B: BME and subchondral fracture, C: BME and articular collapse) and according to outcome in 2 groups (A: reversible BME, B: articular collapse). BMD measurements of the spine were carried out in males over 70 and females over 60 years old using DEXA. Results: The isolated BME pattern was observed in 64.3% (Group A), subchondral fractures without articular collapse in 11.2% (Group B) and articular collapse in 24.5% (Group C). Significant differences were found among the 3 groups at presentation, regarding the age, sex, BMD, affected area and duration of symptoms prior to imaging (p < 0.05). Localization of the lesions in the weight-bearing areas of the knee was shown in 100% of C, in 90.9% of B and in 50.8% of A. The duration of symptoms prior to imaging was longer in C (7.6 {+-} 2.8 m) than in A (2.5 {+-} 1.7 m) and B (4.0 {+-} 3.2 m) (p < 0.05). Group B progressed to articular collapse in 45.5%, the rest demonstrating a favourable outcome. Group C showed clinical improvement in 75% and persistent symptoms that required knee arthroplasty in 25% of cases. Articular collapse was the final outcome in 29.6% and transient BME in 70.4% of patients. These two groups showed significant differences regarding the age (p {approx} 0), sex (p = 0.002), low BMD (p = 0.004), affected area (p {approx} 0), presence of subchondral sparing (p {approx} 0), duration of symptoms prior to imaging (p {approx} 0), time from onset of symptoms to the final outcome (p
Advances in the research of the diagnosis and treatment of vascular and nerve injury in the knee dislocation with multiple ligament injuries%膝关节脱位合并多发韧带损伤患者血管神经损伤诊治的研究进展
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
孙正宇; 李箭
Objective To explore advances in the research of knee dislocation ( KD ) with vascular and nerve injury and to provide theoretical reference for the clinic. Methods Literature of the diagnosis and treatment of KD with vascular and nerve injury at home and abroad was extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results Currently, emergency surgery of repair and revascularization was needed in KD with vascular and nerve injury, while most nerve injury could be treated with conservative treatment or delayed surgery. Fast and accurate assessment was essential for the determination of treatment options and prognosis. Conclusions Knee dislocation ( KD ) with vascular and nerve injury can severely affect the lower limb functions. Comprehensive and systematic evaluation and imaging examination are needed to put forward reasonable treatment options due to complex conditions and rapid progress. At present, there is no academic consensus on the treatment of neurovascular injury, and therefore individualized treatment need to be developed.
Conservative treatment of acute knee osteoarthritis:A review of the Cochrane Library
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Objective: To analyze conservative treatment of knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Methods: A Cochrane Library search related to knee osteoartritis was analyzed. Five main strategies for the conservative treatment of knee osteoartritis have been reviewed:medical treatment, physical medicine and rehabilitation, intra-articular injections, and acupuncture. Results: Regarding medical treatment, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, diclofenac, arthrotec, celecoxib, naproxen, rofecoxib) were superior to acetaminophen. The benefits of tramadol or tramadol/paracetamol, non-tramadol opioids, glucosamine, diacerine, and doxycicline were small. Herbal topical treatment with preparations from medical plants seemed to improve pain. Concerning oral herbal therapy, Piascidine ad extracts of Boswellia serrata had a short-term effect on osteoarthritis symptoms. Regarding physical medicine and rehabilitation, there was limited evidence that a brace had additional beneficial effect compared with medical treatment alone. Land-based therapeutic exercise and aquatic exercise had at least a small short term benefit. Thera-peutic ultrasound may be beneficial (low quality of evidence). The effectiveness of transcutaneous electrostimulation for pain relief has not been demonstrated. Electrical stimulation therapy may provide significant improvements. Regarding intra-articular in-jections, viscosupplementation seemed to be an effective treatment for pain relief in the short-term (months). The short-term (weeks) benefit of intra-articular corticosteroids in the management of knee osteoarthritis has been demonstrated. The benefits of acupuncture were small. Self-management education programs resulted in no or small benefits on pain relief. Conclusions: Five main strategies for the conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis exist that must be used before indicating surgical treatment:medical treatment, physical medicine and rehabilitation, intra-articular injections
Acute Effects of Kinesio Taping on Knee Extensor Peak Torque and Stretch Reflex in Healthy Adults.
Yeung, Simon S; Yeung, Ella W
Kinesio Tex tape (KT) is used to prevent and treat sports-related injuries and to enhance muscle performance. It has been proposed that the direction of taping may either facilitate or inhibit the muscle by having different effects on cutaneous receptors that modulate excitability of the motor neurons. This study had 2 goals. First, we wished to determine if KT application affects muscle performance and if the method of application facilitates or inhibits muscle performance. This was assessed by measuring isokinetic knee extension peak torque in the knee extensor. Second, we assessed neurological effects of taping on the excitability of the motor neurons by measuring the reflex latency and action potential by electromyography (EMG) in the patellar reflex. The study was a single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial with 28 healthy volunteers with no history of knee injuries. Participants received facilitative KT treatment, inhibitory KT treatment, or Hypafix taping of the knee extensor. There were significant differences in the peak torque between 3 treatments (F(2,54) = 4.873, P < 0.01). Post hoc analysis revealed that facilitative KT treatment resulted in higher knee extensor peak torque performance than inhibitory KT treatment (P = 0.036, effect size 0.26). There were, however, no significant differences in the reflex latency (F(2,54) = 2.84, P = 0.067) nor in the EMG values (F(2,54) = 0.18, P = 0.837) in the patellar reflex between the 3 taping applications. The findings suggest that the direction of KT application over the muscle has specific effects on muscle performance. Given the magnitude of effect is small, interpretation of clinical significance should be considered with caution. The underlying mechanism warrants further investigation.
Acute Effects of Contract-Relax Stretching vs. TENS in Young Subjects With Anterior Knee Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Valenza, Marie C; Torres-Sánchez, Irene; Cabrera-Martos, Irene; Valenza-Demet, Gerald; Cano-Cappellacci, Marcelo
Valenza, MC, Torres-Sánchez, I, Cabrera-Martos, I, Valenza-Demet, G, and Cano-Cappellacci, M. Acute effects of contract-relax stretching vs. TENS in young subjects with anterior knee pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2271-2278, 2016-The aim of this study was to examine the immediate effects on pressure point tenderness, range of motion (ROM), and vertical jump (VJ) of contract-relax stretching vs. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy in individuals with anterior knee pain (AKP). Eighty-four subjects with AKP were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 different intervention groups: a contract-relax stretching group (n = 28), a TENS intervention group (n = 28), and a control group (n = 28). The participants included in the sample were both sex (37.5% men vs. 62.5% women) at a mean age of 21 years, with mean values of height and weight of 169 cm and 64 kg, respectively. The main outcome measures were knee ROM, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and VJ. The participants were assessed at baseline and immediately after treatment. In the case of VJ, at baseline, immediately after the intervention, at 3 and at 6 minutes posttreatment. The data analysis showed that PPT scores of participants in the stretching and TENS group significantly increased from pretest to posttest (p ≤ 0.05). A significant increase pre- to posttreatment in ROM (p TENS and stretching groups showed significant differences between preintervention and all postintervention values (p ≤ 0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in the control group. In conclusion, the results show significant pre-to-post-treatment effects in PPT, ROM, and VJ from both contract-relax stretching and TENS in young subjects with AKP. PMID:27457916
Effect of acute dietary nitrate intake on maximal knee extensor speed and power in healthy men and women.
Coggan, Andrew R; Leibowitz, Joshua L; Kadkhodayan, Ana; Thomas, Deepak P; Ramamurthy, Sujata; Spearie, Catherine Anderson; Waller, Suzanne; Farmer, Marsha; Peterson, Linda R
Nitric oxide (NO) has been demonstrated to enhance the maximal shortening velocity and maximal power of rodent muscle. Dietary nitrate (NO3(-)) intake has been demonstrated to increase NO bioavailability in humans. We therefore hypothesized that acute dietary NO3(-) intake (in the form of a concentrated beetroot juice (BRJ) supplement) would improve muscle speed and power in humans. To test this hypothesis, healthy men and women (n = 12; age = 22-50 y) were studied using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. After an overnight fast, subjects ingested 140 mL of BRJ either containing or devoid of 11.2 mmol of NO3(-). After 2 h, knee extensor contractile function was assessed using a Biodex 4 isokinetic dynamometer. Breath NO levels were also measured periodically using a Niox Mino analyzer as a biomarker of whole-body NO production. No significant changes in breath NO were observed in the placebo trial, whereas breath NO rose by 61% (P power at the highest angular velocity tested (i.e., 6.28 rad/s). Calculated maximal knee extensor power was therefore greater (i.e., 7.90 ± 0.59 vs. 7.44 ± 0.53 W/kg; P power in healthy men and women.
Acute effects of anterior thigh foam rolling on hip angle, knee angle, and rectus femoris length in the modified Thomas test.
Vigotsky, Andrew D; Lehman, Gregory J; Contreras, Bret; Beardsley, Chris; Chung, Bryan; Feser, Erin H
Background. Foam rolling has been shown to acutely increase range of motion (ROM) during knee flexion and hip flexion with the experimenter applying an external force, yet no study to date has measured hip extensibility as a result of foam rolling with controlled knee flexion and hip extension moments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of foam rolling on hip extension, knee flexion, and rectus femoris length during the modified Thomas test. Methods. Twenty-three healthy participants (male = 7; female = 16; age = 22 ± 3.3 years; height = 170 ± 9.18 cm; mass = 67.7 ± 14.9 kg) performed two, one-minute bouts of foam rolling applied to the anterior thigh. Hip extension and knee flexion were measured via motion capture before and after the foam rolling intervention, from which rectus femoris length was calculated. Results. Although the increase in hip extension (change = +1.86° (+0.11, +3.61); z(22) = 2.08; p = 0.0372; Pearson's r = 0.43 (0.02, 0.72)) was not due to chance alone, it cannot be said that the observed changes in knee flexion (change = -1.39° (-5.53, +2.75); t(22) = -0.70; p = 0.4933; Cohen's d = - 0.15 (-0.58, 0.29)) or rectus femoris length (change = -0.005 (-0.013, +0.003); t(22) = -1.30; p = 0.2070; Cohen's d = - 0.27 (-0.70, 0.16)) were not due to chance alone. Conclusions. Although a small change in hip extension was observed, no changes in knee flexion or rectus femoris length were observed. From these data, it appears unlikely that foam rolling applied to the anterior thigh will improve passive hip extension and knee flexion ROM, especially if performed in combination with a dynamic stretching protocol.
Isolated Proximal Tibiofibular Dislocation during Soccer
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Casey Chiu
Full Text Available Proximal tibiofibular dislocations are rarely encountered in the Emergency Department (ED. We present a case involving a man presenting to the ED with left knee pain after making a sharp left turn on the soccer field. His physical exam was only remarkable for tenderness over the lateral fibular head. His X-rays showed subtle abnormalities of the tibiofibular joint. The dislocation was reduced and the patient was discharged from the ED with orthopedic follow-up.
Acute effects of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization vs. foam rolling on knee and hip range of motion in soccer players.
Markovic, Goran
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the acute effects of foam rolling (FR) and a new form of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), Fascial Abrasion Technique ™ (FAT) on hip and knee range of motion in soccer players. Twenty male soccer players randomly allocated into FR and FAT group (n = 10 each). Passive knee flexion and straight leg raise tests were measured before, immediately after and 24 h after intervention (FR or FAT). The FR group applied a 2-min quadriceps and hamstrings rolling, while FAT group received a 2-min application of FAT to the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles. Both groups significantly improved knee and hip ROM (p Fascial Abrasion Technique ™ and FR for increasing lower extremity ROM of athletes. PMID:26592226
Traumatic chylous knee effusion.
Reginato, A J; Feldman, E; Rabinowitz, J L
A 47-year-old patient presented with a chylous knee effusion and traumatic infected skin lacerations. The diagnosis of septic arthritis was considered because of purulent looking joint fluid, spuriously high synovial fluid white cell count, and signs of acute knee synovitis. Synovial fluid lipid analysis showed increased total lipids due to high concentration of neutral lipids, mainly triglycerides, and repeated knee radiographs showed a small fracture of the tibial spine. Joint trauma with s...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vijendra K Jain
Full Text Available Atlanto-axial dislocations (AADs may be classified into four varieties depending upon the direction and plane of the dislocation i.e. anteroposterior, rotatory, central, and mixed dislocations. However, from the surgical point of view these are divided into two categories i.e. reducible (RAADs and irreducible (IAADs. Posterior fusion is the treatment of choice for RAAD. Transarticular screw fixation with sub-laminar wiring is the most stable& method of posterior fusion. Often, IAAD is due to inadequate extension in dynamic X-ray study which may also be due to spasm of muscles. If the anatomy at the occipito-atlanto-axial region {O-C1-C2; O: occiput, C1: atlas, C2: axis} is normal on X-ray, the dislocation should be reducible. In case congenital anomalies at O-C1-C2 and IAAD are seen on flexion/extension studies of the cervical spine, the C1-C2 joints should be seen in computerized tomography scan (CT. If the C1-C2 joint facet surfaces are normal, the AAD should be reducible by cervical traction or during surgery by mobilizing the joints. The entity termed "dolichoodontoid" does not exist. It is invariably C2-C3 (C3- third cervical vertebra fusion which gives an appearance of dolichoodontoid on plain X-ray or on mid-saggital section of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI or CT scan. The central dislocation and axial invagination should not be confused with basilar invagination. Transoral odontoidectomy alone is never sufficient in cases of congenital IAAD, adequate generous three-dimensional decompression while protecting the underlying neural structures should be achieved. Chronic post-traumatic IAAD are usually Type II odontoid fractures which get malunited or nonunited with pseudoarthrosis in dislocated position. All these dislocations can be reduced by transoral removal of the offending bone, callous and fibrous tissue.
Five-year follow-up of knee joint cartilage thickness changes after acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Eckstein, F; Wirth, W; Lohmander, Stefan;
Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture involves increased risk of osteoarthritis. We explored cartilage thickness changes over five years after ACL rupture. Methods: 121 young active adults (26% women, age 18-35 years) with acute traumatic ACL rupture were studied (the KANON-trial). ......Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture involves increased risk of osteoarthritis. We explored cartilage thickness changes over five years after ACL rupture. Methods: 121 young active adults (26% women, age 18-35 years) with acute traumatic ACL rupture were studied (the KANON......-trial). Sagittal MRIs were acquired within 4 weeks (BL), and at two-, and five-year follow-up. Medial and lateral femorotibial cartilage was segmented with blinding to acquisition order; thickness was computed across 16 femorotibial subregions. Total femorotibial cartilage thickness change was the primary analytic...... focus. Maximal subregional cartilage thickness loss (OV1) and gain (OV16), independent of its specific location in individual knees, was the secondary analytic focus. Results: Overall femorotibial cartilage thickness increased by 31 micrometers per year over 5 years [95% confidence interval 18...
Chronic pre-operative opioid use and acute pain after fast-track total knee arthroplasty
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Aasvang, E K; Lunn, T H; Hansen, T B;
available for final analysis (93% follow-up rate). Post-operative pain during walk was significantly increased in both opioid-treated groups vs. non-opioid-treated patients (P ...BACKGROUND: Pre-operative opioid use has been suggested to increase post-operative pain and opioid consumption after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but previous studies are either retrospective or inhomogeneous with regard to surgical procedures or control of analgesic regimes, or with few opioid...... had well-defined multimodal opioid-sparring perioperative analgesic therapy, and continued any pre-operative opioid medication. The primary outcome was differences between groups in pain at rest and during walk for the first 6 post-operative days. RESULTS: Among 123 patients included, 115 were...
The epidemiology of shoulder dislocations in Oslo
Liavaag, S; Svenningsen, S; Reikerås, O.; Enger, M; Fjalestad, T; Pripp, A H; Brox, J I
There are few previous studies on the incidence of shoulder dislocation in the general population. The aim of the study was to report the incidence of acute shoulder dislocations in the capital of Norway (Oslo) in 2009. Patients of all ages living in Oslo, sustaining a dislocation of the glenohumeral joint, were identified using electronic diagnosis registers, patient protocols, radiological registers of the hospitals, and the Norwegian Patient Register (NPR). The overall incidence rate was 5...
膝部急性隐匿性骨损伤的MRI评价%Evaluation of acute occult bone injuries of the knee with MRI
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
郑少锐; 李润根
Objective : To evaluate MRI in the diagnosis of acute occult bone injury of the knee. Methods : The MR images of 113 patients mct the criteria acute occuit bone injuries of knee. Mink's knee occult bone injury classification was used for the study. Results : Of the 113 patients.there were bone contusion (71 cases) ,bone cartilage injury (25 cases) and occult fracture ( 15 cases) , stress fracture ( 2 cases). MRI manifestations of these injuries varied , yet the signal characteristics were more consistent and were better shown on T1 WI and STIR. Conclusion: MRI is superior to radiography and CT in the diagnosis of acute occult bone injury of knee,which is a reliable technique in clinical practice.%目的:评价MRI对膝部急性隐匿性骨损伤的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析113例符合纳入条件的急性膝部创伤患者的MRI图像,采用Mink膝部隐匿性骨损伤分类方法进行观察.结果:骨挫伤71例,骨软骨损伤25例,隐匿骨折15例,应力骨折2例.这些损伤的MRI表现形态各异,信号特点较为一致,以T1WI和STIR显示较好.结论:MRI在膝部急性隐匿性骨损伤检查中,较X线、CT检查具有明显优势和可靠的临床应用价值.
Bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation
Meena, Sanjay; Saini, Pramod; Singh, Vivek; Kumar, Ramakant; Trikha, Vivek
Shoulder dislocations are the most common major joint dislocations encountered in the emergency departments. Bilateral shoulder dislocations are rare and of these, bilateral posterior shoulder dislocations are more prevalent than bilateral anterior shoulder dislocations. Bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation is very rare. We present a case of 24-year-old male who sustained bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation following minor trauma, with associated greater tuberosity fracture on one side...
Are radiographs needed when MR imaging is performed for non-acute knee symptoms in patients younger than 45 years of age?
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Braak, Bert P.M. ter; Vincken, Patrice W.J.; Erkel, Arian R. van; Bloem, Johan L. [Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden (Netherlands); Bloem, Rolf M. [Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden (Netherlands); Napoleon, L.J.; Coene, M.N. [HAGA Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hague (Netherlands); Luijt, Peter A. van [Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Traumatology, Leiden (Netherlands); Lange, Sam de [Medical Center Haaglanden, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hague (Netherlands); Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Delft (Netherlands)
The objective was to determine the value of radiographs in young adults with non-acute knee symptoms who are scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nine hundred and sixty-one consecutive patients aged between 16 and 45 years with knee symptoms of at least 4 weeks' duration were prospectively included in three participating hospitals. After applying exclusion criteria, 798 patients remained. Exclusion criteria were previous knee surgery (including arthroscopy) or MRI, history of rheumatoid arthritis, clinical diagnosis of retropatellar chondromalacia, contra-indication for MRI and recent trauma. We identified two groups: group A with no history of trauma (n = 332), and group B with an old (>4 weeks) history of trauma (n = 466). Patients had a standardized history taken, and underwent a physical exam, antero-posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs and MRI. We evaluated the radiographs and MRI for osseous lesions, articular surface lesions, fractures, osteoarthritis, loose bodies, bone marrow edema and incidental findings. Subsequently, patients with osseous abnormalities (Kellgren grade 1 and 2 excluded) on radiographs and a matched control group was evaluated again using MRI without radiographs. Median duration of symptoms was 20 weeks. In group A, radiographs showed 36 osseous abnormalities in 332 patients (10.8%). Only 13 of these, all Kellgren grade 1 osteoarthritis, were not confirmed on MRI. MRI showed 72 (21.7%) additional abnormalities not confirmed on radiographs. In group B, radiographs showed 40 osseous abnormalities (8.6%) in 466 patients. Only 15 of these, all Kellgren grade 1 osteoarthritis, were not confirmed on MRI. MRI showed 194 (41.6%) additional abnormalities not confirmed on radiographs. The second evaluation of MRI without radiographs in 34 patients was identical to the first MRI evaluation. Common lesions were significantly more often diagnosed with MRI than with radiographs. Radiographs should not be obtained routinely when MRI is
Congenital dislocation of the patella – clinical case☆
Miguel Sá, Pedro; Raposo, Filipa; Santos Carvalho, Manuel; Alegrete, Nuno; Coutinho, Jorge; Costa, Gilberto
Congenital patellar dislocation is a rare condition in which the patella is permanently dislocated and cannot be reduced manually. The patella develops normally as a sesamoid bone of the femur. This congenital dislocation results from failure of the internal rotation of the myotome that forms the femur, quadriceps muscle and extensor apparatus. It usually manifests immediately after birth, although in some rare cases, the diagnosis may be delayed until adolescence or adulthood. Early diagnosis is important, thereby allowing surgical correction and avoiding late sequelae, including early degenerative changes in the knee. A case of permanent dislocation of the patella is presented here, in a female child aged seven years. PMID:26962496
肿瘤型旋转铰链式人工膝关节置换术后脱位的原因分析与治疗%Cause analysis and treatment for dislocation after tumor type rotating hinge knee replacement surgery
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
王毅飞; 郭卫; 姬涛; 王师尧
Objective To explore the reasons and therapeutic strategies of postoperative dislocation through analyzing the cases of postoperative dislocation after tumor type rotating hinge knee replacement surgery retrospectively. Methods The clinical data of 8 cases who underwent postoperative dislocation after tumor type rotating hinge knee replacement surgery from November 2004 to November 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 males and 4 females with an average age of 23.8 years old (range; 16-41 years). All were diagnosed as primary osteosarcoma, among which 6 cases were of osteosarcoma, 1 case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and 1 case of fibrosarcoma. In 6 out of 8 cases, the tumors were located in distal femur while that of the other 2 were in proximal tibia. The average length of the resected bones was 14.6 cm. We applied medial approach of the knee. As for all the patients of proximal tibia tumor, we dissociated medial head of gastrocnemius muscle flap, made it cover the front side of prothesis and sutured it with musculoaponeurotic layer around for fixation to improve the local soft tissue covering. The length of the rotational sleeve of the selected rotating hinge knee joint prosthesis were 22.5 mm (5 cases) and 37 mm (3 cases). Results The average postoperative dislocation time was 9.3 months (range; 10 days-2 years). 5 out of 8 cases underwent dislocation once while the other 3 twice. 1 out of 8 cases was manually reduced successfully under anesthesia. The other 7 cases all underwent open reduction and (or) prosthesis revision surgery, after which their knee joints all regained stability. Function assessment: the function of knee was evaluated according to Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 93 Score. The functional score of knee before dislocation was 64.5±15.2% and 67.2±15.9%after reduction surgery. The differences of the function before dislocation and after revision surgery were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions There are 3
Recurrent Dislocation of the Patella
Benítez, Gustavo
Purpose: To evaluate results of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction associated with lateral release and advancement of vastus medialis in recurrent dislocation of the patella. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 11 patients with a mean follow-up of 19 months. Mean age was 23, mainly women. We did MPFL reconstruction with semitendinosus or gracilis tendon depending on BMI, associated with advancement of vastus medialis and lateral release. Results: Mean Kujala score improved from 46,54 pts. preoperative to 88,36 postoperative. Our main complication was 1 patient with rigid knee, who required movilization under anesthesia and arthroscopic arthrolisis to improve her outcome. Conclusion: The combination of this techniques are a good alternative to treat patients with recurrent patella disclocation, with good short and mid-term results. Biomechanic intra and postop complications of MPFL reconstruction are related to patellar fixation, anatomic positioning of femoral tunnel and knee position of the graft fixation.
Effect of knee joint icing on knee extension strength and knee pain early after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized cross-over study
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Holm, Bente; Husted, Henrik; Kehlet, Henrik;
Objective: To investigate the acute effect of knee joint icing on knee extension strength and knee pain in patients shortly after total knee arthroplasty.Design: A prospective, single-blinded, randomized, cross-over study.Setting: A fast-track orthopaedic arthroplasty unit at a university hospital.......Participants: Twenty patients (mean age 66 years; 10 women) scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty.Interventions: The patients were treated on two days (day 7 and day 10) postoperatively. On one day they received 30 minutes of knee icing (active treatment) and on the other day they received 30...... minutes of elbow icing (control treatment). The order of treatments was randomized.Main outcome measures: Maximal knee extension strength (primary outcome), knee pain at rest and knee pain during the maximal knee extensions were measured 2-5 minutes before and 2-5 minutes after both treatments by an...
Acute spontaneous atraumatic bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint with Hill-Sachs lesions: first reported case and review of literature
Manoharan, Gopikanthan; Singh, Rohit; Ahmed, Bessam; Kathuria, Vinod
The anatomy of the shoulder joint comprises a relatively large humeral head with a shallow glenoid cavity allowing a remarkable range of motion at the expense of inherent instability. Despite anterior shoulder dislocations being the most common type encountered, bilateral dislocations are rare and almost always posterior. The aetiology is usually direct or indirect trauma related to sports, seizures, electric shock or electroconvulsive therapy. We present the first reported case of atraumatic...
MRI Manifestations of Iliotibial Band and Its Attachment to Knee Joint in Acute Injuries%髂胫束及其膝关节附着处急性损伤的MRI表现
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丁爱兰; 丁长青; 王文生; 孙迎迎; 罗慧; 代兰兰; 张玉娜
Objective To study the MRI manifestations of Iliotibial band(ITB) and its attachment to knee joint in acute injuries.Methods A retrospective analysis of MRI data of 15 persons with the acute injuries of ITB and its attachment to knee joint.Results ITB rupture in 8 cases, the attachment to knee joint of the ITB rupture in 2 cases, the rupture involved the ITB strap and its attachment to knee joint in 5 cases.Conclusions MRI can accurately evaluate the acute injuries of the ITB and its attachment to knee.%目的:探讨髂胫束(Iliotibial Band,ITB)及其膝关节附着处急性损伤的MRI诊断价值。方法回顾性分析15例临床随访证实的髂胫束及其膝关节附着处急性损伤的MRI资料。结果 ITB撕裂8例, ITB关节囊附着处纤维束撕裂2例,同时累及ITB束带及关节囊附着处纤维束撕裂5例。结论 MRI易于较为准确评价髂胫束及其膝关节附着处急性损伤。
Acute Effects of Foot Rotation in Healthy Adults during Running on Knee Moments and Lateral-Medial Shear Force.
Valenzuela, Kevin A; Lynn, Scott K; Noffal, Guillermo J; Brown, Lee E
As runners age, the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis (OA) significantly increases as 10% of people 55+ have symptomatic knee OA while 70% of people 65+ have radiographic signs of knee OA. The lateral-medial shear force (LMF) and knee adduction moment (KAM) during gait have been associated with cartilage loading which can lead to OA. Foot rotation during gait has been shown to alter the LMF and KAM, however it has not been investigated in running. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the KAM and LMF with foot rotation during running. Twenty participants volunteered and performed five running trials in three randomized conditions (normal foot position [NORM], external rotation [EXT], and internal rotation [INT]) at a running speed of 3.35m·s(-1) on a 20 meter runway. Kinematic and kinetic data were gathered using a 9-camera motion capture system and a force plate, respectively. Repeated measures ANOVAs determined differences between conditions. The KAM and LMF were lower in both EXT and INT conditions compared to the NORM, but there were no differences between EXT and INT conditions. The decreases in KAM and LMF in the EXT condition were expected and concur with past research in other activities. The reductions in the INT condition were unexpected and contradict the literature. This may indicate that participants are making mechanical compensations at other joints to reduce the KAM and LMF in this abnormal internal foot rotation condition. Key pointsExternal rotation of the foot during running reduced the loads on the medial compartment of the kneeInternal rotation of the foot also reduced the medial loads, but is a more unnatural interventionExternal and internal rotation reduced the shear forces on the knee, which may help slow the degeneration of knee joint cartilage. PMID:26957926
In-game Management of Common Joint Dislocations
Skelley, Nathan W.; McCormick, Jeremy J; Smith, Matthew V.
Context: Sideline management of sports-related joint dislocations often places the treating medical professional in a challenging position. These injuries frequently require prompt evaluation, diagnosis, reduction, and postreduction management before they can be evaluated at a medical facility. Our objective is to review the mechanism, evaluation, reduction, and postreduction management of sports-related dislocations to the shoulder, elbow, finger, knee, patella, and ankle joints. Evidence Ac...
Patellar dislocation with genu valgum treated by DFO.
Kwon, Jae Ho; Kim, Jong In; Seo, Dong-Hyun; Kang, Kyung-Woon; Nam, Ji Ho; Nha, Kyung-Wook
Congenital habitual patellar dislocation is a rare condition of the knee where the patella dislocates during flexion and relocates during extension. The congenital form is permanent, irreducible, and presents at birth. It is characterized by a short quadriceps and a major patellofemoral dysplasia and short height. This article presents a rare case of a 27-year-old woman with recurring bilateral habitual dislocation of the patella after a failed previous proximal and distal realignment procedure. Clinical examinations of both knees revealed genu valgus knees and lateral joint pain that recurred after several previous operations. Radiographs of both knees showed patellar dislocation and genu valgum associated with patellofemoral dysplasia and osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment. Long-leg standing radiographs showed an anatomic tibiofemoral angle of right 13° and left 6° valgus and a mechanical tibiofemoral angle of right 8° and left 2° valgus and weight-bearing line of 65% on the right and 48% on the left. The authors performed a distal femoral closing wedging osteotomy to correct the valgus deformity, and then percutaneous lateral release and medial reefing were performed to stabilize the patellas of both knees simultaneously. PMID:23746026
Dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint
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Milankov Miroslav
Full Text Available Introduction. Dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint is a rare injury. It occurs during a sports activity that includes rough twisting movements of the bent knee. The role of the proximal tibiofibular joint is to reduce torsional loads to the ankle, to distribute the bending moment of the outer side of tibia, and transfer the vertical load while standing. In the literature there is no larger series; only several cases of the proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation treated by different methods have been published so far. Case Report. A 23-year-old male soccer player sustained an injury after he had joined the game without previous warming-up. He fell on his right side because of a sudden change of direction while his foot was fixed to the base. He felt a severe pain and had a sensation as if something had snapped in his right knee. Pain and swelling at the head of fibula were found by physical examination, which, however, did not reveal any pain, swelling and instability of the ankle or peroneal nerve palsy. The x-ray showed anterolateral dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint, Ogden type II. Since manual reposition in general anesthesia failed, open reduction internal fixation was performed and proximal tibiofibular joint was transfixed with a screw. After the wound closure, the above-the-knee plaster cast was applied. The screw was extracted six weeks later, full weight bearing was allowed and he started with physical therapy. Four months after the injury he returned to sports activities. On the follow- up one year after the injury he had the full range of motion of the knee, no complains, and continued with active soccer playing. X-ray showed no signs of arthrosis of the proximal tibiofibular joint. Conclusion. The proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation may be the cause of the chronic pain of the knee so it has to be taken into account when making differential diagnosis in case of the pain at the lateral side of the knee. The
Imaging features of traumatic dislocation of the lumbosacral joint associated with disc herniation
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Tohme-Noun, C.; Krainik, A.; Menu, Y. [Department of Radiology, Hopital Beaujon, AP HP, Universite Paris 7, Faculte de Medecine Bichat-Beaujon, Paris (France); Rillardon, L.; Guigui, P. [Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hopital Beaujon, AP HP, Universite Paris 7, Faculte de Medecine Bichat-Beaujon, Paris (France); Feydy, A. [Department of Radiology, Hopital Beaujon, AP HP, Universite Paris 7, Faculte de Medecine Bichat-Beaujon, Paris (France); Department of Radiology, Hopital Beaujon, 100 avenue du General Leclerc, 92118, Clichy (France)
Bilateral facet dislocation of the lumbosacral joint is an uncommon injury. We report on the imaging findings in a patient who had an acute disc herniation associated with a bilateral traumatic lumbosacral dislocation. (orig.)
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Full Text Available BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis is a most common cause of Knee pain. The pain and discomfort associated with this condition have a dramatic impact on physical mobility and function. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of Diclofenac sodium phonophoresis with exercise versus Topical Diclofenac Sodium application with exercise in patients with acute osteoarthritis of knee. METHODS: All the subjects clinically diagnosed by orthopedician with acute osteoarthritis of knee were screened after finding their suitability as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were requested to participate in the study. Participants in the study were briefed about the nature of the study and their intervention. After briefing them about the study, their informed written consent was taken. 60 osteoarthritis knee patients were randomly divided into two groups with n= 30 each group, Group 1- received diclofenac sodium phonophoresis over medial aspects of the knee joint in supine position with the dosage of 1.5Watt/cm2 at 1 MHz for 5 min per session followed by supervised exercises prescribed as 3 sets a day with 10 repetitions in each set for a period of 10 consecutive days, where Group 2- received topical diclofenac sodium Gel [4g] application to the affected knee, 4 times daily [29], followed by supervised exercises taught and prescribed as 3 sets a day with 10 repetitions in each set. OUTCOME MEASURES: The patients were evaluated at the beginning of the intervention program i.e. day 1, day 5 and day 10. All the patients were requested to come for a follow up after 1 week of treatment program and were evaluated. All the patients were assessed for pain and physical function by taking their VAS and WOMAC respectively. RESULTS: Both group A and group B showed statistically significant improvements in pain experienced as assessed by VAS and in the assessment of WOMAC. Group A had a mean ± SD of 7.67±1.15 on Day 1 which decreased to 2.13± 0
The Effect of Gabapentin on Acute Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis.
Zhai, Lifeng; Song, Zhoufeng; Liu, Kang
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gabapentin versus placebo for pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).In December 2015, a systematic computer-based search was conducted in the Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Google, and Chinese Wanfang databases. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement criteria. The primary endpoint was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score after TKA with rest or mobilization at 24 and 48 hours, representing the efficacy of pain control after TKA. Cumulative morphine consumption via patient controlled anesthesia (PCA) was also assessed to determine the morphine-spare effect. Complications such as dizziness, pruritus, vomiting, nausea, and sedation were also compiled to assess the safety of gabapentin. Stata 12.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. After testing for publication bias and heterogeneity across studies, the data were aggregated for random-effects modeling whenever necessary.Six studies involving 769 patients met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis revealed that gabapentin resulted in superior pain relief compared to the control group in terms of VAS score with rest at 24 hours (mean difference [MD] = -3.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] -6.16 to -0.77; P = 0.012) and at 48 hours postoperatively (MD = -2.25; 95% CI -4.21 to -0.30; P = 0.024). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to the VAS score at 24 hours postoperatively (MD = 1.05; 95% CI -3.31 to 5.42; P = 0.636) or at 48 hours (MD = 1.71; 95% CI -0.74 to 4.15; P = 0.171). These results indicated that the perioperative administration of gabapentin decreases the cumulative morphine
O ultra-som na artropatia hemofílica subaguda do joelho Ultrasound in knee sub-acute hemophilic arthropathy
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Luiz Mario Bellegard
Full Text Available São apresentados 4 casos de Artropatia Hemofílica Subaguda de Joelho em seus aspectos clínicos, radiográficos e ultra-sonográficos. A radiografia tem alterações discretas nas fases iniciais da Artropatia Hemofílica (AH. São enfatizados os aspectos do ultra-som, que proporcionou imagem direta da membrana sinovial no recesso capsular anterior do joelho. Discutimos a possibilidade de utilização da ultra-sonografia como marcador de atividade inflamatória.Here we present 4 cases of Knee Sub-Acute Hemophilic Arthropathy according to clinical, X-ray and ultrasound aspects. The X-ray images show subtle changes in the early phases of Hemophilic Arthropathy (HA. Ultrasound aspects are emphasized, which provided direct image of the synovial membrane at the knee anterior capsular recess. We discuss the potential ultrasound use as a marker of inflammatory activity.
The acutely ACL injured knee assessed by MRI: changes in joint fluid, bone marrow lesions, and cartilage during the first year
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Frobell, R B; Le Graverand, M-P; Buck, R;
OBJECTIVES: To investigate changes in the knee during the first year after acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of volumes of joint fluid (JF), bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and cartilage volume (VC), and cartilage thickness (ThCcAB) and cartilage surface area (AC). To identify...... treated with ACL reconstruction followed by a structured rehabilitation program and 24 subjects were treated with structured rehabilitation only. Morphometric data were acquired from computer-assisted segmentation of MR images. Morphometric cartilage change was reported as mean change divided...... (TrF), while an increase of VC and ThCcAB was found in the central medial femur (cMF) (SRM greater than 0.477). ACL reconstruction was directly and significantly related to increased JF volume at 3 and 6 months (P
Dislocated shoulder - aftercare
Shoulder dislocation - aftercare; Shoulder subluxation - aftercare; Shoulder reduction - aftercare ... Horn AE, Ufberg JW. Management of common dislocations. In: ... Extremity 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: ElsevierMosby; 2011:chap 92.
Iordens, Gijs
markdownabstractThe elbow is the second most common major joint to dislocate after the shoulder in the adult population. Its stability is highly dependent on a complex interaction between bony articulations, capsuloligamentous structures and dynamic muscle restraints. Dislocations are traditionally classified by the presence (complex dislocations) or absence (simple dislocations) of associated fractures and by the direction of the displacement of the forearm relative to the humerus. The gener...
Tratamento artroscópico da luxação acromioclavicular aguda com âncoras Arthroscopic treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation using suture anchors
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Leonardo Muntada Cavinatto
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos de uma série de casos com diagnóstico de Luxação Acromioclavicular (LAC Aguda, tratados através da fixação coracoclavicular com âncoras por via artroscópica. MÉTODO: Vinte pacientes apresentando LAC com menos de 30 dias de evolução foram operados pela técnica da estabilização coracoclavicular com âncoras por via artroscópica. Duas âncoras metálicas com dois fios cada, foram inseridas no coracóide. Os fios foram amarrados sobre a clavícula passando por túneis transósseos claviculares. Para a avaliação radiográfica, foi utilizada a medida comparativa da distância coracoclavicular com o lado contralateral e a avaliação funcional através dos escores de Constant e UCLA o seguimento foi de seis meses. RESULTADO: Dos vinte casos inicialmente selecionados, seis necessitaram de novo procedimento cirúrgico e foram excluídos do estudo. Dos quatorze pacientes restantes, apenas dois mantiveram redução da articulação acromioclavicular, enquanto os demais apresentaram algum grau de desvio no decorrer da evolução. Desconsiderando os pacientes excluídos, os escores de Constant e UCLA tiveram média 94,79 (82-100 e, 32,64 (26-35, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica apresentou um alto índice de perda da redução ao longo da evolução de seis meses. A avaliação funcional apresentou resultado satisfatório com escore médio elevado de Evidência: Nível de Evidência: Nível III, estudo retrospectivo.OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical and radiographic results of a case series of patients with acute acromioclavicular dislocation (AAD treated by arthroscopic coracoclavicular fixation with suture anchors. METHOD: Twenty patients with AAD with less than 30 days since the injury were submitted to a coracoclavicular stabilization procedure using 2 suture anchors placed at the base of the coracoid process. Each suture anchor was connected to 2 strands of No.2
Dislocation of the Temporomandibular Joint and Relocation Procedures.
White, Thomas; Hedderick, Viki; Ramponi, Denise R
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation requires prompt medical attention due to the crucial impact of airway, nutrition acquisition, and communication. Recognition of this injury by the practitioner, based on clinical presentation and history, is paramount for identification of accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of TMJ dislocation. Relocation or reduction methods vary on the basis of the severity of the injury and whether it is an acute or chronic dislocation. PMID:27482989
... in Chinese 繁體中文 ) What Are Knee Problems? (in Korean 한국어 ) What Are Knee Problems? (in Vietnamese bằng ... the knee. Ultrasound. A technique that uses sound waves to produce images of the soft tissue structures ...
Snapping Knee Syndrome of the Medial Hamstrings.
Protzman, Nicole M; Conkle, Sean B; Busch, Michael F
Snapping of the medial hamstrings is a rare condition, with few cases reported throughout the literature. The snapping sensation reportedly occurs when a hamstring tendon passes over the medial tibial condyle, a muscle belly, or another tendon. The semitendinosus tendon is frequently involved, but concomitant involvement of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons has also been described. Although the exact etiology remains unclear, authors have theorized that the condition results from a congenital malformation or degradation of the accessory tendinous expansions of the semitendinosus. Whereas most cases resolve with conservative treatments, select cases require surgical intervention. Both the distal surgical release and tendon harvest have proved viable surgical procedures, achieving symptom alleviation with minimal patient morbidity. In this article, a case of medial snapping hamstring tendons involving both the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons is reviewed. A 17-year-old African American girl presented with extreme pain and snapping on the posteromedial aspect of her knee was appreciated. Radiographs were ordered and showed no acute fracture, no acute dislocation, normal medial joint space, normal lateral joint space, and normal patellofemoral space. Conservative and surgical options were reviewed, and the patient elected to undergo harvest of the tendons. Four weeks postoperatively, the patient reported complete resolution of symptoms. To date, there has been no recurrence of symptoms. The authors hope to increase awareness of this condition and add to the existing body of literature. PMID:26488792
整脊治疗膝关节骨性关节炎急性期的疗效观察%Efficacy Observation on Acute Stage of Knee Osteoarthritis with Chiropractic Therapy
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陈小砖; 陈淑惠
Objective:To investigate the effects of chiropractic therapy on acute stage of knee osteoarthritis. Methods:60 cases of knee osteoarthritis in acute stage were randomly divided into treatment group and control group with each of 30 cases, treatment group received chiropractic and local conventional treatment on knee joint, control group with conventional manipulation treatment on knee joint, to evaluate the knee joint function, pain degree and curative effects of two groups after 3 months. Results:The total effective rate of treatment group was 90%, significantly higher than that of control group by 73.3%(P<0.05);improvements of pain degree and knee joint function in treatment group were better than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Chiropractic therapy significantly reduces the pain of osteoarthritis knee in acute stage, and improves the overall function of knee joint.%目的:探讨整脊疗法对膝关节骨性关节炎急性期的作用。方法:60例膝关节骨性关节炎急性期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,治疗组予整脊及膝关节局部常规手法治疗,对照组采用膝关节局部常规手法治疗,3个月后评价两组膝关节功能、疼痛度及疗效。结果:治疗组总有效率90.0%,明显高于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05);治疗组疼痛度及膝关节功能改善情况均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:整脊疗法明显减轻膝关节骨性关节炎急性期关节疼痛,改善膝关节整体功能。
Acute Postexercise Time Course Responses of Hypertrophic vs. Power-Endurance Squat Exercise Protocols on Maximal and Rapid Torque of the Knee Extensors.
Conchola, Eric C; Thiele, Ryan M; Palmer, Ty B; Smith, Doug B; Thompson, Brennan J
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a medium-intensity high-volume vs. explosive squat protocol on the postexercise time course responses of maximal and rapid strength of the knee extensors. Seventeen resistance-trained men (mean ± SD: age = 22.0 ± 2.6 years) performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the knee extensors before and after performing a squat workout using either a low-intensity fast velocity (LIFV) (5 × 16 at 40% 1 repetition maximum) or a traditional high-intensity slow velocity (TISV) (5 × 8 at 80% 1RM) exercise protocol. For each MVC, peak torque (PT), peak rate of torque development (RTDpeak), absolute (RTDabs), and relative RTD (RTDnorm) at early (0-50 milliseconds) and late (100-200 milliseconds) phases of muscle contraction were examined at pre- (Pre) and post-exercise at 0, 7, 15, and 30 (Post0...30) minutes. There were no intensity × time interactions for any variables (p = 0.098-0.832). Peak torque was greater at Pre than Post0 and Post7 (p = 0.001-0.016) but was not greater than Post15 and Post30 (p = 0.010-0.189). RTDpeak and early absolute RTD (RTD50abs) were greater at Pre than all postexercise time phases (p = 0.001-0.050); however, later absolute RTD (RTD100-200abs) was only greater at Pre than Post0 and Post30 (p = 0.013-0.048). Early relative RTD (RTD50norm) was only higher at Pre compared with Post0 (p = 0.023), whereas no differences were observed for later relative RTD (RTD100-200norm) (p = 0.920-0.990). Low-intensity fast velocity and TISV squat protocols both yielded acute decreases in maximal and rapid strength capacities following free-weight squats, with rapid strength showing slower recovery characteristics than maximal strength. PMID:25774625
Dislocation Formation in Alloys
Minami, Akihiko; Onuki, Akira
An interaction between dislocations and phase transitions is studied by a phase field model both in two and three dimensional systems. Our theory is a simple extension of the traditional linear elastic theory, and the elastic energy is a periodic function of local strains which is reflecting the periodicity of crystals. We find that the dislocations are spontaneously formed by quenching. Dislocations are formed from the interface of binary alloys, and slips are preferentially gliding into the soft metals. In three dimensional systems, formation of dislocations under applied strain is studied in two phase state. We find that the dislocation loops are created from the surface of hard metals. We also studied the phase separation above the coexisting temperature which is called as the Cottrell atmosphere. Clouds of metals cannot catch up with the motion of dislocations at highly strained state.
Lens dislocation has a possible relationship with laser iridotomy.
Mutoh, Tetsuya; Barrette, Kevin F; Matsumoto, Yukihiro; Chikuda, Makoto
We report our recent experience of four eyes with spontaneous lens dislocation in four patients with no history of trauma or any systemic disease associated with zonular dialysis. Lens dislocation developed with 0.5 to 6 months following laser iridotomy. All patients were male and two eyes were complicated with acute primary angle closure glaucoma preoperatively. Case 1 showed bilateral lens dislocation, while cases 2 and 3 involved unilateral lens dislocation. Cases 2 and 3 showed lenses completely dislocated into the vitreous cavity. All cases needed lens removal and scleral fixation of intraocular lenses. Final visual acuity was 1.2 in all cases. We suspect that laser iridotomy may induce localized zonular dialysis that results in progressive zonular weakness, leading to lens dislocation. PMID:23271880
Alshameeri, Zeiad; Rehm, Andreas
There have been a small number of case reports describing late normal-hip dislocations in children who were later diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Here, we contest the assumption that normal hips can dislocate. We argue that (as in our case) the ultrasound scans in all published case reports on late dislocated normal hips did not show results that were entirely normal and therefore, so far, there has been no convincing evidence of a dislocation of a normal hip. We also want to highlight the importance of meticulous ultrasound and clinical assessments of high-risk children by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon. PMID:25144883
Pain and knee function in relation to degree of bone bruise after acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Szkopek, K; Warming, Torsten; Neergaard, K;
and the bone bruise volume of the lateral femoral condyle. Patients with bone bruise of the medial tibia and patients with meniscal lesions had more pain. It is suggested that pain and decreased function after acute ACL injury most likely is related to soft tissue and cartilage injury and not to bone bruise....
[Does intravenous gadolinium-DTPA administration have advantages in magnetic resonance imaging of acute injuries or chronic damage to the knee joint?].
Jerosch, J; Castro, W H; Müller, U; Assheuer, J
79 patients with acute or chronic lesions of the knee were evaluated by MRI prior to and after application of Gd-DTPA. The MRI examination was performed by a 1.0 tesla imager with SE as well as FEDIF sequences. These MR studies were compared prior to and after intravenous Gd-DTPA application, focusing on the visibility and the definition of a possible lesion, and scored with a 3-point score. Statistic analysis and case analysis revealed that in patients with meniscus degeneration without a tear, Gd application yields no additional diagnostic information. However, in patients with meniscus tears Gd-DTPA significantly facilitates the definition of the lesion. Furthermore, Gd-DTPA makes differentiation possible between the synovial fluid and the synovial membrane. Whereas in cases with capsule or collateral ligament tears Gd-DTPA facilitates the documentation of the lesion, we found no advantage in using Gd-DPTA in patients with ACL tears. In patients with chondropathia patellae Gd-DTPA application supports the visualization of the secondary synovial reaction.
Dor lateral no joelho do atleta: um raro caso de luxação do tendão do bíceps femoral Lateral pain in an athlete's knee: a rare case of dislocation of the femoral biceps tendon
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Aires Duarte Junior
Full Text Available A luxação do tendão do bíceps femoral é uma condição rara, descrita na literatura clinicamente com uma dor lateral do joelho e inicialmente relatada como uma inserção anômala da cabeça longa do bíceps femoral. Depois se verificou que a causa é uma mobilidade anormal do tendão sobre a proeminência da cabeça da fíbula em determinados ângulos de flexão do joelho. O objetivo deste relato de caso raro é descrever e discutir sobre o quadro de dor lateral no joelho num atleta de natação que iniciou a subluxação do bíceps femoral durante a prática esportiva, que o incapacitava de realizar provas e torneios. O caso é discutido frente à literatura levantada, à provável etiologia traumática de repetição que levou a essa condição, além do tratamento cirúrgico que foi realizado, obtendo excelente resultado e retorno a prática esportiva habitual.Dislocation of the femoral biceps tendon is rare and is described clinically in the literature as a lateral pain in the knee. It was initially reported as an anomalous insertion of the long head of the femoral biceps. Subsequently, it was found to be caused by abnormal mobility of the tendon over the prominence of the fibu lar head at certain angles of knee flexion. The objective of the present report was to describe and discuss a condition of lateral knee pain in a swimmer who started to present subluxation of the femoral biceps during sports practice, which incapacitated him from taking part in trials and competitions. The case is dis cussed in the light of the literature surveyed; the likelihood that the etiology for the trauma leading to this condition was repeti tion; and the surgical treatment instituted, which led to excellent results and the patient's return to his habitual sports practice.
G.I.T. Iordens (Gijs)
markdownabstractThe elbow is the second most common major joint to dislocate after the shoulder in the adult population. Its stability is highly dependent on a complex interaction between bony articulations, capsuloligamentous structures and dynamic muscle restraints. Dislocations are traditionally
Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kattapuram, Taj M. [Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (United States); Kattapuram, Susan V. [Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (United States)], E-mail: email@example.com
Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee presents with acute onset of severe, pain in elderly patients, usually female and usually without a history of trauma. Originally described as idiopathic osteonecrosis, the exact etiology is still debated. Evidence suggests that an acute fracture occurs as a result of chronic stress or minor trauma to a weakened subchondral bone plate. The imaging characteristics on MR reflect the age of the lesion and the symptoms. More appropriate terminology may be ' subchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee' or 'focal subchondral osteonecrosis'.
Traumatic knee extension deficit (the locked knee)
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Helmark, I C; Neergaard, K; Krogsgaard, M R
. Evaluating MRI, all grade-3 meniscal lesions were considered able to cause a mechanical block as well as acute partial or total anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-ruptures. ACL-ruptures with an old appearance were not considered able to cause locking. Assuming that arthroscopy was the gold standard......, the following results were calculated for the overall appearance of a lesion able to cause locking: Positive predictive value = 0.85, negative predictive value = 0.77, sensitivity = 0.95, specificity = 0.53. Two knees were erroneously evaluated with no mechanical locking at MRI (one bucket-handle lesion and one...
Kneecap dislocation - aftercare
... Armstrong B. Rehabilitation of the knee following sports injury. Clin Sports Med . 2010;29:81-106. PMID: 19945588 www. ... gov/pubmed/22071844 . Miller RH, Azar FM. Knee injuries. In: Canale ... Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: ...
手术治疗急性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的回顾性分析%Retrospective analysis of treatment of acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation by surgery
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
祁文; 唐晓菊; 刘汝专; 潘汉升
[目的] 分析前路和后路内固定治疗急性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的临床治疗效果.[方法]对56例急性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的患者进行颈椎前路减压、植骨及颈椎前路带锁钢板内固定术或后路减压侧块钢板螺钉内固定术.术后定期X线片观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合情况以及有无内置物并发症,以JOA评分判定脊髓功能恢复情况.[结果]56例获得随访,时间13 ~48个月.平均26个月.56例患者均损伤节段稳定,植骨愈合良好,无内置物并发症,脊髓功能JOA评分平均提高5.78分,取得满意疗效;前路术式与后路术式在改善脊髓功能方面无明显差异(P>0.05).[结论]颈椎前路和后路术式治疗无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤,能使损伤节段获得即刻、坚强的稳定,解除颈髓压迫,为颈髓功能的恢复提供了有利条件.%[Objective] To observe the results of the treatment of acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation by the anterior plate internal fixation the posterior lateral mass plate fixation. [ Method ] Fifty-six cases of acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation were treated by anterior decompression,bone graft,and cervical spine plate fixation, or posterior extensive laminectomy decompression and lateral mass plate fixation. The stability and fusion of the injured segments and the complications of the hardware were observed on the X-ray film postoperatively. The function of the spinal cord was evaluated with JOA scores. [ Result] Fifty-six cases were followed up from 13 to 48 months (average 26 months). The injured segments were stable, the bone grafting fused completely, and the complications of the hardware were not observed. The function of the spinal cord improved by 5. 78 scores. The clinical outcomes were excellent. There were not difference on improving spinal cord function between the anterior plate internal fixation and the posterior lateral mass
Imaging patellar complications after knee arthroplasty
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Melloni, Pietro [Unitat de Imatge d' Alta Tecnologia, Centre Diagnostic, Corporacio Parc Tauli, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Sabadell (Barcelona) (Spain)], E-mail: email@example.com; Valls, Rafael; Veintemillas, Maite [Unitat de Imatge d' Alta Tecnologia, Centre Diagnostic, Corporacio Parc Tauli, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Sabadell (Barcelona) (Spain)
The purpose of this study is to describe complications affecting the patella in patients with total or partial knee arthroplasty. We respectively analysed plain-film radiographs, as well as ultrasound images when acquired, in a consecutive series of 1272 patients. The mean interval from knee replacement to patellar complications was 5 years and 7 months (range, 5 months to 14 years). The complications described include fracture, instability, dislocation or luxation, necrosis of the patella, infection of the patella, erosion of the patella, patellar impingement on the prosthesis and patellar or quadricipital tendon tear. We discuss the pathological imaging findings in the patella and their differential diagnosis after knee arthroplasty. Patellar complications after knee arthroplasty are uncommon but often potentially serious.
Knee-Extension Training with a Single-Joint Hybrid Assistive Limb during the Early Postoperative Period after Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient with Osteoarthritis
Sugaya, Hisashi; Kubota, Shigeki; Onishi, Mio; Kanamori, Akihiro; Sankai, Yoshiyuki; Yamazaki, Masashi
The knee range of motion is an important outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). According to previous studies, the knee range of motion temporarily decreases for approximately 1 month after TKA due to postoperative pain and quadriceps dysfunction following surgical invasion into the knee extensor mechanism. We describe our experience with a knee-extension training program based on a single-joint hybrid assistive limb (HAL-SJ, Cyberdyne Inc., Tsukuba, Japan) during the acute recovery phase after TKA. HAL-SJ is a wearable robot suit that facilitates the voluntary control of knee joint motion. A 76-year-old man underwent HAL-SJ-based knee-extension training, which enabled him to perform knee function training during the acute phase after TKA without causing increased pain. Thus, he regained the ability to fully extend his knee postoperatively. HAL-SJ-based knee-extension training can be used as a novel post-TKA rehabilitation modality.
Luxatio erecta: Inferior glenohumeral dislocation
Baba Asif; Bhat Javid; Paljor S; Mir Naseer; Majid Suhail
Inferior dislocation of the shoulder, also called luxatio erecta, is a rare form of the otherwise common shoulder dislocation. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations. A case involving the inferior dislocation of the shoulder is reported. A brief review of the presentation and management of the condition is described.
Luxatio erecta: Inferior glenohumeral dislocation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Baba Asif
Full Text Available Inferior dislocation of the shoulder, also called luxatio erecta, is a rare form of the otherwise common shoulder dislocation. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations. A case involving the inferior dislocation of the shoulder is reported. A brief review of the presentation and management of the condition is described.
Your knee joint is made up of bone, cartilage, ligaments and fluid. Muscles and tendons help the knee joint move. When any of these structures is hurt or diseased, you have knee problems. Knee problems can cause pain and difficulty ...
Multiple carpometacarpal dislocations.
Kumar, A.; Olney, D B
We present a case of dislocations of the carpometacarpal joints without associated fractures. Although carpometacarpal injuries are relatively uncommon, it is rare for multiple carpometacarpal dislocations to occur without associated fractures. The injury is difficult to diagnose because of swelling of the hand. A lateral radiograph of the wrist has been found to be mandatory to its precise diagnosis if suspected. In the case presented here early diagnosis and closed manipulation in the accid...
The SIGN nail for knee fusion: technique and clinical results
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Anderson Duane Ray
Full Text Available Purpose: Evaluate the efficacy of using the SIGN nail for instrumented knee fusion. Methods: Six consecutive patients (seven knees, three males with an average age of 30.5 years (range, 18–50 years underwent a knee arthrodesis with SIGN nail (mean follow-up 10.7 months; range, 8–14 months. Diagnoses included tuberculosis (two knees, congenital knee dislocation in two knees (one patient, bacterial septic arthritis (one knee, malunited spontaneous fusion (one knee, and severe gout with 90° flexion contracture (one knee. The nail was inserted through an anteromedial entry point on the femur and full weightbearing was permitted immediately. Results: All knees had clinical and radiographic evidence of fusion at final follow-up and none required further surgery. Four of six patients ambulated without assistive device, and all patients reported improved overall physical function. There were no post-operative complications. Conclusion: The technique described utilizing the SIGN nail is both safe and effective for knee arthrodesis and useful for austere environments with limited fluoroscopy and implant options.
Recurrent dislocation of the patella accompanying hypotrochlea of the femur and malalignment of the patella
Horikawa, Akira; Kodama, Hiroyuki; Miyakoshi, Naohisa; Yamada, Shin; Miyamoto, Seiya
This case report describes a rare case of recurrent dislocation of the patella which was accompanied with trochlear dysplasia and malalignment of the patella in a 15-year-old girl. She complained of hemoarthrosis and recurrent patellar dislocation in the early knee flexion phase. Plain radiography and computed tomography (CT) showed patellar malalignment (quadriceps angle 20°) and severe dysplasia of the trochlea of the femur (sulcus angle 170°). Surgery was performed, consisting of trochleop...
A Combined Procedure For Irreducible Dislocation Of Patella In Children With Ligamentous Laxity: A Preliminary Report
Inan, Muharrem; Sarikaya, Ilker; Seker, Ali; Beng, Kubilay
Objectives: Irreducible patellar dislocation accompanying ligamentous laxity is rarely seen in pediatric patients. Most common complaints due to this condition are inability to walk, delayed walking and difficulties with orthotics. The purpose of this retrospective study is to describe a novel surgical technique to treat dislocated patella in patients with symptomatic ligamentous laxity. Patients and Methods: Fourteen knees of nine patients operated by a single surgeon between 2009-2012 were ...
Statistical characterization of dislocation ensembles
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
El-Azab, A; Deng, J; Tang, M
We outline a method to study the spatial and orientation statistics of dynamical dislocation systems by modeling the dislocations as a stochastic fiber process. Statistical measures have been introduced for the density, velocity, and flux of dislocations, and the connection between these measures and the dislocation state and plastic distortion rate in the crystal is explained. A dislocation dynamics simulation model has been used to extract numerical data to study the evolution of these statistical measures numerically in a body-centered cubic crystal under deformation. The orientation distribution of the dislocation density, velocity and dislocation flux, as well as the dislocation correlations have been computed. The importance of the statistical measures introduced here in building continuum models of dislocation systems is highlighted.
Human aggrecanase generated synovial fluid fragment levels are elevated directly after knee injuries due to proteolysis both in the inter globular and chondroitin sulfate domains
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Struglics, A; Hansson, M; Lohmander, Stefan
To examine different aggrecanase generated fragments in synovial fluid (SF) from patients with acute and chronic knee injuries and from knee healthy subjects.......To examine different aggrecanase generated fragments in synovial fluid (SF) from patients with acute and chronic knee injuries and from knee healthy subjects....
Patella Dislocation with Vertical Axis Rotation: The "Dorsal Fin" Patella
Gamble, David; Carrothers, Andrew D.; Khanduja, Vikas
A 44-year-old woman presented following minor trauma to her right knee. While dancing she externally rotated around a planted foot and felt sudden pain in her right knee. She presented with her knee locked in extension with a "dorsal fin" appearance of the soft tissues tented over the patella. This was diagnosed as a rare case of an intraarticular patella dislocation, which was rotated 90 degrees about the vertical axis. Closed reduction in the emergency room was unsuccessful but was achieved in theatre under general anaesthetic with muscle relaxation. Postreduction arthroscopy demonstrated that no osteochondral or soft tissue damage to the knee had been sustained. In patients presenting with a knee locked in extension with tenting of skin over the patella (the "dorsal fin" appearance), intra-articular patella dislocation should be suspected. Attempts to reduce vertical patella dislocations under sedation with excessive force or repeatedly without success should be avoided to prevent unnecessary damage to the patellofemoral joint. In this clinical situation we recommend closed reduction under general anaesthetic followed by immediate knee arthroscopy under the same anaesthetic to ensure that there is no chondral damage to the patella or femoral trochlea and to rule out an osteochondral fracture. PMID:25883819
Patella Dislocation with Vertical Axis Rotation: The "Dorsal Fin" Patella
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
David Gamble
Full Text Available A 44-year-old woman presented following minor trauma to her right knee. While dancing she externally rotated around a planted foot and felt sudden pain in her right knee. She presented with her knee locked in extension with a "dorsal fin" appearance of the soft tissues tented over the patella. This was diagnosed as a rare case of an intraarticular patella dislocation, which was rotated 90 degrees about the vertical axis. Closed reduction in the emergency room was unsuccessful but was achieved in theatre under general anaesthetic with muscle relaxation. Postreduction arthroscopy demonstrated that no osteochondral or soft tissue damage to the knee had been sustained. In patients presenting with a knee locked in extension with tenting of skin over the patella (the "dorsal fin" appearance, intra-articular patella dislocation should be suspected. Attempts to reduce vertical patella dislocations under sedation with excessive force or repeatedly without success should be avoided to prevent unnecessary damage to the patellofemoral joint. In this clinical situation we recommend closed reduction under general anaesthetic followed by immediate knee arthroscopy under the same anaesthetic to ensure that there is no chondral damage to the patella or femoral trochlea and to rule out an osteochondral fracture.
Dynamic posterior stabilization of shoulder hemiarthroplasty in long-standing neglected posterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
Shyam Kumar A; Oakley Jeremy; Wootton Jamie
Posterior dislocations of the shoulder are rare. They account for less than 3% of all shoulder dislocations. The treatment of neglected bilateral posterior dislocation of the shoulder is controversial. We present a novel operative technique to stabilize a shoulder hemiarthroplasty that we used in the treatment of a chronic posterior dislocation of a shoulder with an acute four-part fracture of the proximal humerus.
Dynamic posterior stabilization of shoulder hemiarthroplasty in long-standing neglected posterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shyam Kumar A
Full Text Available Posterior dislocations of the shoulder are rare. They account for less than 3% of all shoulder dislocations. The treatment of neglected bilateral posterior dislocation of the shoulder is controversial. We present a novel operative technique to stabilize a shoulder hemiarthroplasty that we used in the treatment of a chronic posterior dislocation of a shoulder with an acute four-part fracture of the proximal humerus.
Pathologic conditions of the ligaments and tendons of the knee.
El-Dieb, Adam; Yu, Joseph S; Huang, Guo-Shu; Farooki, Shella
Excellent spatial resolution and unparalleled contrast resolution have allowed MRI to emerge as the dominant imaging modality for diagnosis of ligament and tendon pathology of the knee joint This article presents several important mechanisms of injury associated with tendon and ligament disruptions. When present, the pattern of bone contusions may reveal the vector of force. When one is aware of the mechanism of injury, it is possible to analyze systematically the structures of the knee and maximize the detection of pathology. Recognition of a knee dislocation pattern is important because the diagnosis may be unsuspected, and the clinician may have to be alerted to the possibility of vascular and neural injury.
Quantitative calculation of dislocation mobility
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Swaminarayan, S.; Preston, D.L.
The authors present a new method to calculate the response of dislocations to applied stress. This new method, called the dislocation treadmill, can be used to study the effect of vacancies, interstitials, stresses, strain rate, temperature, etc., on the steady state velocity of the dislocation. The authors demonstrate the use of the method by calculating the response of a dislocation to a constant applied shear stress.
Behavior of dislocations in silicon
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sumino, Koji [Nippon Steel Corp., Chiba Prefecture (Japan)
A review is given of dynamic behavior of dislocations in silicon on the basis of works of the author`s group. Topics taken up are generation, motion and multiplication of dislocations as affected by oxygen impurities and immobilization of dislocations due to impurity reaction.
Finite strain discrete dislocation plasticity
Deshpande, VS; Needleman, A; Van der Giessen, E
A framework for carrying out finite deformation discrete dislocation plasticity calculations is presented. The discrete dislocations are presumed to be adequately represented by the singular linear elastic fields so that the large deformations near dislocation cores are not modeled. The finite defor
Dislocation triggers uninterpretability
H. Zeijlstra
In current minimalist analyses dislocation (Move/Agree) is motivated by Full Interpretation: Move/Agree is said to check uninterpretable features. In this paper I address several of the background assumptions behind such analyses, and discuss several problems that go with them. I this paper I first
Lens dislocation has a possible relationship with laser iridotomy
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mutoh T
Full Text Available Tetsuya Mutoh,1,2 Kevin F Barrette,2 Yukihiro Matsumoto,1 Makoto Chikuda11Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya City, Saitama, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USAAbstract: We report our recent experience of four eyes with spontaneous lens dislocation in four patients with no history of trauma or any systemic disease associated with zonular dialysis. Lens dislocation developed with 0.5 to 6 months following laser iridotomy. All patients were male and two eyes were complicated with acute primary angle closure glaucoma preoperatively. Case 1 showed bilateral lens dislocation, while cases 2 and 3 involved unilateral lens dislocation. Cases 2 and 3 showed lenses completely dislocated into the vitreous cavity. All cases needed lens removal and scleral fixation of intraocular lenses. Final visual acuity was 1.2 in all cases. We suspect that laser iridotomy may induce localized zonular dialysis that results in progressive zonular weakness, leading to lens dislocation.Keywords: lens dislocation, laser iridotomy, primary angle closure glaucoma
... front of the knee can be due to bursitis, arthritis, or softening of the patella cartilage as ... knee. Overall knee pain can be due to bursitis, arthritis, tears in the ligaments, osteoarthritis of the ...
... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000199.htm Knee arthroscopy - discharge To use the sharing features on ... had surgery to check for problems in your knee (knee arthroscopy). You may have been checked for: ...
Cartilage regeneration - knee ... Three types of anesthesia may be used for knee arthroscopy surgery: Medicine to relax you, and shots of painkillers to numb the knee Spinal (regional) anesthesia General anesthesia (you will be ...
Multiple-ligament injured knee
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
SUN Lei; NING Zhi-jie; ZHANG Hui; TIAN Min; NING Tin-min
Objective: To explore the clinical characteristic of the multiple-ligament injured knee and evaluate the protocol,technique and outcome of treatment for the multipleligament injured knee.Methods: From October 2001 to March 2005, 9 knees with combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears in 9 patients were identified with clinical and arthroscopic examinations. Of them, 5 knees were combined with ruptures of posteromedial corner (PMC) and medial collateral ligament (MCL), 4 with disruptions of posterolateral corner ( PLC), 2 with popliteal vascular injuries and 1 with peroneal nerve injuries. Six patients were hospitalized in acute phase of trauma, 2 received repairs of popliteal artery and 4 had repairs of PMC and MCL. Reconstructions of ACL and PCL with autografts under arthroscope were performed in all patients at 4 to 10 weeks after trauma,including reconstruction of PLC with the posterior half of biceps femoris tendon tenodesis in 4 patients and reconstructions of PMC and MCL with femoral fascia in 1 patient.Results: No severe complications occurred at early stage after operation in the 9 patients. All of them were followed up for 10-39 months with an average of 23. 00 months ± 9.46 months. Lysholm score was 70-95 with an average of 85.00 ± 8.29. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was from severely abnormal (Grade D) in 9 knees at initial examination to normal (Grade A) in 2 knees, nearly normal (Grade B ) in 6 knees and abnormal in 1 knee at the last follow-up. Of the 9 patients, 7 returned to the same activity level before injury and 2 were under the level.Conclusions: The multiple-ligament injured knee with severe instability is usually combined with other important structure damages. Therefore, careful assessment and treatment of the combined injuries are essential. Reconstructions of ACL and PCL under arthroscope, combined with repairs or reconstructions of the extraarticular ligaments
The treatment of the acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation with LARS artificial ligament:a preliminary report%应用LARS人工韧带治疗急性肩锁关节脱位的初步报告
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陈爱民; 鹿楠; 叶添文; 杨鹏; 朱磊; 李菁
Background Currently,the clinical perspectives of surgical treatment for Tossy Ⅲacromioclavicular(AC)joint dislocations are relatively identical.Due to the post-traumatic ruptures of the acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular(CC)ligament which are used to maintain stability of the joint,the clavicle moves backward and upward,and the upper arm and the scapula drops downward for the gravity of the upper arm and the influence of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.Since such complications as reduction difficulties,redislocation after external fixation,pressure ulcers of the skin,and so forth are particularly prone to occur in the conservative therapy,the operative treatment is more inclined to be adopted for the Tossy Ⅲ dislocation of the AC joint.With the single repair and fixation of the CC ligament,redislocation is likely to happen after implant removal because the ruptured ligaments healed as scar tissue.Therefore,this study uses an operative method of reconstructing and augmenting the CC ligament with LARS artificial ligament for the treatment of Tossy Ⅲ AC joint dislocation,and evaluates its clinical effect.Methods From November 2006 to July 2009,8 patients with acute AC joint dislocation of Tossy Ⅲ were admitted into our hospital.Five patients were male and 3 were female,and their ages ranged from 21 to 45.Sides:3 injuries were on the left and 5 were on the right.Seven patients suffered from falling on the ground,and 1 patient was inj ured in a traffic accident.All the patients were treated with LARS artificial ligaments to reconstruct the CC ligament.Constant score and VAS score were adopted in clinical evaluation.Zanca view of the bilateral AC joint and the axillary radiograph of the affected shoulder joint were employed for imaging evaluation.All the patients were simple Tossy Ⅲ dislocation of AC joint with no trauma of other parts and skin breakdown.Regular pre-operative examinations and evaluations were carried out after admission,and LARS
Manual treatment of dislocation of temporomandibular joint%颞下颌关节脱位的手法治疗
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
雷绍音; 陈永全
Background: That the condylar process slides out of articular fossa and exceeds normal limit of articular motion and can not reduce automatically is called dislocation of temporomandibular joint. It is divided into unilateral and bilateral dislocation according to the part of dislocation. Or it is divided into acute, recurrent, and old dislocations according to the time of dislocation or into anterior, posterior, superior and lateral dislocations according the direction of dislocation of the condylar process. Manifestations of dislocation of temporomandibular joint include mandibular abnormal motion, opening of the mouth that can' t close with outflowing of the saliva, he mandible protrudes anteriorly, the cheeks become smooth, a pit can be palpated anterior to the antilobium.
Arthroscopic fixation in the treatment of Rockwood Ⅴ acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation%关节镜下四骨道双束固定治疗急性肩锁关节Rockwood Ⅴ型脱位
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陆伟; 王大平; 朱伟民; 欧阳侃; 柳海峰; 彭亮权; 李皓; 冯文哲
��优,1例良。患者均对治疗效果满意。结论采用关节镜下四骨道四袢双束固定方法修复急性肩锁关节 Rockwood-Ⅴ型脱位,生物固定牢固,手术创伤小,并且避免了双袢单骨道应力过于集中、拉力线单薄等缺点,是治疗急性肩锁关节 Rockwood Ⅴ型损伤较好的方法。%Background Treatment methods for acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Rockwood type V are numerous.The commonly used is the open surgery with large trauma (by clavicular hook plate fixation).In recent years,some scholars use clavicle-coracoid screws fixation method under arthroscopy,but the screws need to be removed after 6 weeks; there are also scholars using arthroscopic double Endobutton loops single bundle fixation method with good effect,but they found suture rupture between the Endobutton,redislocation or fracture,bone absorption under the loops in some patients. This article investigates the method of arthroscopic procedure with four-tunnel quadruple double-bundle Endobutton double-bundle fixation via self-designed positioning apparatus in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ)Rockwood Ⅴ degree dislocations and their short-term therapeutic effect.Methods (1)Patient selection:12 patients (9 male and 3 female)with acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Rockwood type V were selected from October 2010 to June 2013. Their average age is 28.2 years.with sports injury in 10 cases and fall injury in 2 cases.All patients received surgical repair within 2 weeks after injury.The operations were performed by the same senior surgeon.(2)Preoperative bone tunnel positioning design:All patients had CT scan in the position of 90°internal rotating of bilateral shoulder joint (palm down).Measure the angle of scapular long axis and coronal section (A)separately,make the line in the coracoid neck parallel to the long axis of scapula (S),and then measure the width of parallel line in the part of coracoid neck (P).The midpoint of the
关节镜下四骨道双束固定治疗急性肩锁关节Rockwood Ⅴ型脱位%Arthroscopic fixation in the treatment of Rockwood Ⅴ acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陆伟; 王大平; 朱伟民; 欧阳侃; 柳海峰; 彭亮权; 李皓; 冯文哲
Background Treatment methods for acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Rockwood type V are numerous.The commonly used is the open surgery with large trauma (by clavicular hook plate fixation).In recent years,some scholars use clavicle-coracoid screws fixation method under arthroscopy,but the screws need to be removed after 6 weeks; there are also scholars using arthroscopic double Endobutton loops single bundle fixation method with good effect,but they found suture rupture between the Endobutton,redislocation or fracture,bone absorption under the loops in some patients. This article investigates the method of arthroscopic procedure with four-tunnel quadruple double-bundle Endobutton double-bundle fixation via self-designed positioning apparatus in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ)Rockwood Ⅴ degree dislocations and their short-term therapeutic effect.Methods (1)Patient selection:12 patients (9 male and 3 female)with acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Rockwood type V were selected from October 2010 to June 2013. Their average age is 28.2 years.with sports injury in 10 cases and fall injury in 2 cases.All patients received surgical repair within 2 weeks after injury.The operations were performed by the same senior surgeon.(2)Preoperative bone tunnel positioning design:All patients had CT scan in the position of 90°internal rotating of bilateral shoulder joint (palm down).Measure the angle of scapular long axis and coronal section (A)separately,make the line in the coracoid neck parallel to the long axis of scapula (S),and then measure the width of parallel line in the part of coracoid neck (P).The midpoint of the coracoid neck is the center between the two preparatively drilled bone tunnels.Make the cross line vertical to line P,and the bone tunnels are located in the I and II quadrant.The distance between two bone tunnels is 6 mm.(3 )Surgical techniques:According to the data of preoperative measurement of bone tunnel,the self
无骨折脱位型急性中央型颈脊髓损伤治疗心得%Type type of acute central cervical spinal cord injury without fracture dislocation treatment result
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
谢海明; 陈胜; 李勇; 金正帅
Objective Explore type of acute central type spinal cord injury without fracture dislocation treatment. Methods Type of 32 cases of acute central cervical spinal cord injury patients, upper limbs of 17 cases, limbs 15 cases. Admitted to hospital after skul traction, braking, dehydration. 20 underwent surgical treatment, 12 routine non-surgical treatment. Results 32 patients had no serious complications occurred, 29 cases of patients with injury after 3 months to 18 months folow-up, no complications occurred, neural function classification method (ASIA) are 1 ~ 2 levels of recovery. 23 patients work, the life can provide for oneself, cervical spine MRI review, 14 patients had different degrees of syringomyelia imaging findings. Conclusions For cervical spondylosis, cervical intervertebral disc herniation, cervical stenosis and spinal canal without obstruction of acute central spinal cord injury (edema) appropriate USES non-surgical treatment. Continued to pressure on the spinal cord or type cervical instability in the middle of the spinal cord injury patients should be timely surgical decompression, reconstruction of cervical stability.%目的:探讨无骨折脱位型急性中央型脊髓损伤治疗方法。方法32例急性中央型颈脊髓损伤患者,上肢型17例,四肢型15例。入院后行颅骨牵引、制动、脱水。20例行手术治疗,12例行非手术治疗。结果32例患者均无严重手术并发症发生,29例患者伤后3月-18月获随访,未见手术并发症发生,神经功能(ASIA法分类)均获1~2级的恢复。23例患者工作,生活可自理,颈椎MRI复查,14例患者有不同程度的脊髓空洞影像学表现。结论对无颈椎病、颈椎间盘突出、颈椎管狭窄、椎管内无梗阻的急性中央型脊髓损伤(水肿型)宜采用非手术治疗。对脊髓的持续存在致压物或颈椎失稳的中央型脊髓损伤患者应及时行手术减压,重建颈椎稳定性。对脊髓前方�
Nocturnal seizure and simultaneous bilateral shoulder fracture-dislocation.
Sahbudin, Ilfita; Filer, Andrew
An otherwise fit and well 27-year-old man presented with acute onset unexplained bilateral shoulder pain, and was found to have bilateral shoulder fractures and dislocations on imaging. Although features were atypical, a nocturnal seizure causing the bilateral shoulder fractures was suspected and EEG showed features compatible with epilepsy. PMID:26838296
Closed subtalar dislocation with non-displaced fractures of talus and navicular: a case report and review of the literature
Fotiadis, Elias; Lyrtzis, Christos; Svarnas, Theodoros; Koimtzis, Miltos; Akritopoulou, Kiriaki; Chalidis, Byron
Closed subtalar dislocations associated with talus and navicular fractures are rare injuries. We report on a case of a 43-year-old builder man with medial subtalar dislocation that was further complicated by minimally displaced talar and navicular fractures. Successful closed reduction under general anesthesia was followed by non-weight bearing and ankle immobilization with a below-knee cast for 6 ;weeks. At 3 years post-injury, the subtalar joint was stable, the foot and ankle mobility was i...
Horizontal intra-articular patellar dislocation resulting in quadriceps avulsion and medial patellofemoral ligament tear: a case report.
Kramer, Dennis E; Simoni, Michael K
Intra-articular patellar dislocations are rare. We present a 13-year-old boy who sustained a complete horizontal intra-articular patellar dislocation following blunt trauma to the flexed knee. Closed reduction was unsuccessful and open reduction indicated a repairable quadriceps avulsion and medial patellofemoral ligament tear. He is the youngest patient to sustain a quadriceps rupture and the only patient to sustain a medial patellofemoral ligament tear to date. His flexed knee and the horizontally positioned patella (seen on lateral radiograph) were indicative of a complete rotational injury with extensor mechanism involvement. Open reduction allowed for the repair of both injuries and a favorable outcome.
Signal intensity of MR-images of thigh muscles following acute open- and closed chain kinetic knee extensor exercise - index of muscle use.
Enocson, A G; Berg, H E; Vargas, R; Jenner, G; Tesch, P A
Exercise-induced shifts in signal intensity (SI) of magnetic resonance (MR) images were examined to assess indirectly muscle use in closed- and open-chain knee extensor exercises. Eight men performed five sets of 8-12 repetitions in the leg press (LP) and the seated knee extension (KE) exercises at 50, 75 and 100%, respectively of the 5 x 10 repetition maximum (RM) load. Prior to exercise and after each load setting, images of the thigh were obtained. The increase in SI (Delta SI) of the quadriceps at 100% load was greater (P muscles of the quadriceps showed similar changes in SI after LP. The three vastii muscles showed comparable increases in SI after KE. M. rectus femoris showed greater (P muscles at 100%. Neither exercise produced increase in SI of mm. semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis or biceps femoris. Mm. adductor magnus and longus showed increased (13.3 +/- 6.5%; P muscle in the open-chain knee extension than in the closed-chain leg press exercise. The results of the current investigation also indicate similar over-all use among the three vastii muscles in LP and KE, but differential m. rectus femoris use between the two exercises. This report extends the merits of the MR imaging technique as an aid to study individual muscle involvement in a particular exercise task. PMID:15918061
Effects of function improvement in acute knee- joint ligament injury between knee orthosis and dynamic action plaster immobilization%膝关节韧带损伤早期应用膝矫形器与动态石膏固定对膝关节功能恢复的影响
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张毅; 黄东锋; 毛玉容; 伍丹
Objective: To explore the different effect to function improvement of acute knee- joint ligament injure after rehabilitation therapy with hinge-locked knee orthosis or dynamic action plaster immobilization. Method: Orthosis or dynamic action plaster immobilization were used 4 weeks after acute injure in two groups. Rehabilitation therapy were arranged during immobilization and free periods, Function assessment comparison were conducted 3 months later. Result:ROM active and ROM passive were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001, P<0.01 ). The Lysholmp scorings of the two groups were also significantly different (P<0.01). Couclusion: Dynamic action plaster immobilization could gently prevent contraction, but could not obviously improve muscle weakness and instability of the joint. Hinge-locked keen orthosis provided not only safe training within protective ROM. Stable immobilization could obviously improve ROM and function of the knee-joint.%目的:探讨膝韧带损伤急性期康复治疗中配置加锁膝关节绞链矫形器与动态石膏固定对膝关节功能恢复的不同影响。方法:两组伤后即分别配置矫形器与动态石膏固定4周,固定期间及拆除固定后进行康复治疗,3月后进行功能评估比较疗效。结果:矫形器组与动态石膏组膝关节主动ROM与被动ROM差异在统计学上有显著性(t值分别为4.59及3.23,P分别<0.001及<0.01),膝关节功能Lyshdmp评分差异在统计学上亦有显著性(t值为2.93,P<0.01)。结论:动态石膏固定在一定程度上可预防关节挛缩,但肌无力及关节不稳不能解除。加锁膝关节绞链矫形器配置有利于膝关节在保护范围内进行功能训练,有效地解决了制动与功能训练之间的矛盾,可显著改善膝关节ROM与综合功能。
Design rules for dislocation filters
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The efficacy of strained layer threading dislocation filter structures in single crystal epitaxial layers is evaluated using numerical modeling for (001) face-centred cubic materials, such as GaAs or Si1−xGex, and (0001) hexagonal materials such as GaN. We find that threading dislocation densities decay exponentially as a function of the strain relieved, irrespective of the fraction of threading dislocations that are mobile. Reactions between threading dislocations tend to produce a population that is a balanced mixture of mobile and sessile in (001) cubic materials. In contrast, mobile threading dislocations tend to be lost very rapidly in (0001) GaN, often with little or no reduction in the immobile dislocation density. The capture radius for threading dislocation interactions is estimated to be approximately 40 nm using cross section transmission electron microscopy of dislocation filtering structures in GaAs monolithically grown on Si. We find that the minimum threading dislocation density that can be obtained in any given structure is likely to be limited by kinetic effects to approximately 104–105 cm−2
Design rules for dislocation filters
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ward, T.; Sánchez, A. M.; Beanland, R., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL (United Kingdom); Tang, M.; Wu, J.; Liu, H. [Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE (United Kingdom); Dunstan, D. J. [School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS (United Kingdom)
The efficacy of strained layer threading dislocation filter structures in single crystal epitaxial layers is evaluated using numerical modeling for (001) face-centred cubic materials, such as GaAs or Si{sub 1−x}Ge{sub x}, and (0001) hexagonal materials such as GaN. We find that threading dislocation densities decay exponentially as a function of the strain relieved, irrespective of the fraction of threading dislocations that are mobile. Reactions between threading dislocations tend to produce a population that is a balanced mixture of mobile and sessile in (001) cubic materials. In contrast, mobile threading dislocations tend to be lost very rapidly in (0001) GaN, often with little or no reduction in the immobile dislocation density. The capture radius for threading dislocation interactions is estimated to be approximately 40 nm using cross section transmission electron microscopy of dislocation filtering structures in GaAs monolithically grown on Si. We find that the minimum threading dislocation density that can be obtained in any given structure is likely to be limited by kinetic effects to approximately 10{sup 4}–10{sup 5 }cm{sup −2}.
Inferior hip dislocation after falling from height: A case report
Tekin, Ali Çağrı; Çabuk, Haluk; Büyükkurt, Cem Dinçay; Dedeoğlu, Süleyman Semih; İmren, Yunus; Gürbüz, Hakan
Introduction Traumatic inferior hip dislocation is the least common of all hip dislocations. Adult inferior hip dislocations usually occur after high-energy trauma, very few cases are reported without fracture. Presentation of case A 26-year-old female was brought to the emergency department with severe pain in the left hip, impaired posture and restricted movement following a fall from 15 m height. The hip joint was fixed in 90° flexion, 15° abduction, and 20° external rotation. No neurovascular impairment was determined. On radiologic examination, a left ischial type inferior hip dislocation was detected. Hemorrhagic shock which developed due to acute blood loss to thoracic and abdominal cavity and patient died at third hour after she was brought to the hospital. Discussion Traumatic hip dislocations have high morbidity and mortality rates due to multiple organ damage, primarily of the extremities, chest and abdomen. In the treatment of traumatic hip dislocation, closed reduction is recommended through muscle relaxation under general anesthesia or sedation. This procedure should be applied before any intervention for concomitant extremity injuries. A detailed evaluation on emergency presentation, a multi-disciplinary approach and early diagnosis with the rapid application of imaging methods could be life-saving for such patients. PMID:27058153
The difficult primary total knee arthroplasty: a review.
Baldini, A; Castellani, L; Traverso, F; Balatri, A; Balato, G; Franceschini, V
Primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a reliable procedure with reproducible long-term results. Nevertheless, there are conditions related to the type of patient or local conditions of the knee that can make it a difficult procedure. The most common scenarios that make it difficult are discussed in this review. These include patients with many previous operations and incisions, and those with severe coronal deformities, genu recurvatum, a stiff knee, extra-articular deformities and those who have previously undergone osteotomy around the knee and those with chronic dislocation of the patella. Each condition is analysed according to the characteristics of the patient, the pre-operative planning and the reported outcomes. When approaching the difficult primary TKA surgeons should use a systematic approach, which begins with the review of the existing literature for each specific clinical situation.
Superior Dislocation of the Patella in a Young Woman without Osteophytes: A Case Report.
Kataoka, Tatsunori; Iizawa, Norishige; Takai, Shinro
Superior dislocation of the patella without patellar ligament injury is an extremely rare condition. A review of the English-language literature found only 23 reported cases. In addition, the primary factor for dislocation in most of these cases was considered to be osteophytes in the inferior pole of the patella and the anterior surface of the femoral condyle; only 1 case had no osteophytes. We treated a 19-year-old woman who sustained a painful locking of the left knee after colliding with a friend. Plain radiography and computed tomography showed superior-lateral dislocation of the patella and an interlocking between notches in the inferior pole of the patella and the anterior surface of the femoral condyle. Closed reduction without sedation was performed without difficulty, and the patient was able to walk home without pain. After 1 week, the knee was without problems. The patient had no osteophytes in the knee and had no other common risk factors, such as patella alta, ligamentous laxity, genu recurvatum, and paralytic disorders. After a comparison with previously reported cases of superior patella dislocation, we concluded that the primary factor in the present case might have been a different condition. PMID:26960585
Posttraumatic chronic patellar dislocation treated by distal femoral osteotomy and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction.
Purushothaman, Balaji; Agarwal, Amit; Dawson, Matt
Chronic patellar dislocation is a rare condition where the patella remains dislocated throughout knee range of motion during flexion and extension. In adults, the delayed presentation of this condition is often due to symptoms caused by the onset of severe secondary osteoarthritis. To the authors' knowledge, all of the cases reported in the literature have been treated by patellofemoral or total knee replacements depending on patient age and the extent of the arthritis. This article describes a rare case of a 22-year-old woman who sustained a traumatic chronic patellar dislocation for 5 months. Clinical examination revealed a valgus deformity of the left leg secondary to childhood injury and that the patella lay lateral to the lateral femoral condyle throughout flexion and extension. Radiographs of the knee revealed patellar dislocation. Long-leg radiographs of the left leg showed an anatomic tibiofemoral angle of 17° valgus. The anatomical (74°) and mechanical (80°) lateral distal femoral angles were abnormal, whereas the medial proximal tibial angle (87°) was normal, confirming that the valgus deformity was due to the abnormal distal femur. The authors performed a distal femoral osteotomy to correct the valgus deformity. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using a hamstring autograft was performed to stabilize the patella. PMID:23127463
Traumatic hip dislocations in children
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Objectives: To evaluate clinical features, treatment and relationship to the time period between dislocation, reduction and early complications of traumatic dislocation of hip in children. Methods: Case series conducted at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre Karachi from July 2005 to August 2009. Children with traumatic hip dislocation up to fifteen years of age who presented in last four years were included in this study. Their clinical information, etiology, associated injuries, duration, method of reduction and early complications are evaluated through emergency room proforma and indoor record. Follow up of patient was updated in outpatient department. Results: We had eight patients, six boys and two girls. Youngest 2.4 years and eldest was 12 years with mean age of 6.2 +- 3.8 years. All presented with posterior hip dislocation. Etiology was road traffic accident in two and history of fall in remaining six patients. Average duration of time between dislocation and reduction was 19 hours range 3-72 hours. Dislocated hips were reduced under General Anaesthesia in two patients and under sedation analgesia in six patients. No complications were noted in eight cases with mean 18.75 +- 13.23 months follows up. Conclusion: Traumatic hip dislocation in children is not rare. Slight trauma causes dislocation in younger age and immediate closed reduction and Immobilization reduces complications. (author
Nature of Dislocations in Silicon
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, Lars Bruno; Stokbro, Kurt; Lundqvist, Bengt;
Interaction between two partial 90 degrees edge dislocations is studied with atomic-scale simulations using the effective-medium tight-binding method. A large separation between the two dislocations (up to 30 Angstrom), comparable to experimental values, is achieved with a solution of the tight...
Acute patellofemoral instability in children and adolescents
Patellofemoral problems are considered to be among the most frequent causes of knee pain in children and adolescents. Correcting bone abnormalities through specific and targeted interventions is mandatory in skeletally immature patients. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is the preferred procedure, but there are several important precautionary considerations that the surgeon must take into account. It must always be remembered that MPFL rupture is the result, not the cause, of an altered extensor mechanism; therefore, patellar stabilization with MPFL reconstruction is only the first step to be accomplished in the management of an MPFL rupture. If other anatomical alterations are encountered, alternative/additional surgical procedures should be considered. If MPFL rupture occurs without associated anatomical or functional knee alterations, an appropriate rehabilitation program after MPFL reconstruction should be sufficient to achieve a good outcome. In conclusion, an acute patellar dislocation should be managed conservatively unless there is evidence of osteochondral damage or medial retinaculum lesions. Osseous procedures are contraindicated in children, while MPFL anatomical reconstruction with "physeal sparing" is the primary surgical option. PMID:27386447
Intraoperative Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion Reduces Acute Postoperative Pain Following Total Knee Replacement Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Objective: To evaluate the effect of intraoperative low-dose ketamine with general anesthesia on postoperative pain after total knee replacement surgery. Study Design: A randomized, double-blind comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, from January and June 2011. Methodology: Sixty adults undergoing total knee arthroplasty were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups of equal size to receive either racemic ketamine infusion (6.25 g/kg/minute) or the same volume of saline. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure each patient's level of pain at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Time to first analgesic request, postoperative morphine consumption and the incidence of side effects were also recorded. Results: Low-dose ketamine infusion prolonged the time to first analgesic request. It also reduced postoperative cumulative morphine consumption at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours postsurgery (p < 0.001). Postoperative VAS scores were also significantly lower in the ketamine group than placebo, at all observation times. Incidences of side effects were similar in both study groups. Conclusion: Intraoperative continuous low-dose ketamine infusion reduced pain and postoperative analgesic consumption without affecting the incidence of side effects. (author)
Recurrent Mandibular Dislocation in Geriatric Patients: Treatment and Prevention by a Simple and Non-invasive Technique
Chhabra, Shruti; Chhabra, Naveen; Gupta, Prachi
Dislocation is defined as the complete loss of articular relationship between the articular fossa of the temporal bone and the condyle-disk complex. Most common aetiology of dislocation is wide mouth opening, trauma and use of certain drugs. It is classified as acute, chronic and recurrent. Chronic recurrent dislocation of mandible is a distressing condition especially for geriatric patients. Various non-surgical methods of reduction include Hippocratic method, Awang's gag reflex method, wris...
Buckling of dislocation in graphene
Yao, Yin; Wang, Shaofeng; Bai, Jianhui; Wang, Rui
The buckling of dislocation in graphene is discussed through the lattice theory of dislocation and elastic theory. The approximate solution of the buckling is obtained based on the inner stress distribution caused by different structure of dislocations and is proved to be suitable by the simulation. The position of the highest buckling is predicted to be at the vertex of the pentagon far away from the heptagon. The buckling is strongly influenced by the internal stress and the distance between the extrusive area and stretching area, as well as the critical stress σc. The SW defect is proved to be unbuckled due to its strong interaction between extrusion and stretching.
Moving Dislocations in Disordered Alloys.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Marian, J; Caro, A
Using atomistic simulations of dislocation motion in Ni and Ni-Au alloys we report a detailed study of the mobility function as a function of stress, temperature and alloy composition. We analyze the results in terms of analytic models of phonon radiation and their selection rules for phonon excitation. We find a remarkable agreement between the location of the cusps in the {sigma}-v relation and the velocity of waves propagating in the direction of dislocation motion. We identify and characterize three regimes of dissipation whose boundaries are essentially determined by the direction of motion of the dislocation, rather than by its screw or edge character.
Loss of knee-extension strength is related to knee swelling after total knee arthroplasty
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Holm, Bente; Kristensen, Morten T; Bencke, Jesper;
To examine whether changes in knee-extension strength and functional performance are related to knee swelling after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).......To examine whether changes in knee-extension strength and functional performance are related to knee swelling after total knee arthroplasty (TKA)....
Partial knee replacement - slideshow
... page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100225.htm Partial knee replacement - series To use the sharing features on ... A.M. Editorial team. Related MedlinePlus Health Topics Knee Replacement A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited ...
... most people talk about the arthritis in their knees, they are referring to a type of arthritis ... is caused by wear and tear inside your knee joints. Cartilage, the firm, rubbery tissue that cushions ...
Knee joint replacement - slideshow
... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100088.htm Knee joint replacement - series To use the sharing features ... 4 out of 4 Normal anatomy Overview The knee is a complex joint. It contains the distal ...
... following total knee replacement include unlimited walking, swimming, golf, driving, light hiking, biking, ballroom dancing, and other ... to the final success of your surgery. To learn more about the full value of total knee ...
... is not affected unless you have had a knee injury in the past. Osteotomy surgery works by shifting ... M. Editorial team. Related MedlinePlus Health Topics Arthritis Knee Injuries and Disorders Browse the Encyclopedia A.D.A. ...
Patellofemoral syndrome; Chondromalacia patella; Runner's knee; Patellar tendinitis; Jumper's knee ... Collado H, Fredericson M. Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clin Sports ... www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20610028 . De Carlo M, Armstrong ...
Microprocessor prosthetic knees.
Berry, Dale
This article traces the development of microprocessor prosthetic knees from early research in the 1970s to the present. Read about how microprocessor knees work, functional options, patient selection, and the future of this prosthetic.
The pediatric knee: current concepts in sports medicine.
Beck, Nicholas A; Patel, Neeraj M; Ganley, Theodore J
As the popularity and intensity of children's athletics have increased, so has the risk for knee injuries. Fractures of the tibial eminence may be treated operatively or nonoperatively depending on fracture classification, but arthrofibrosis is a potentially significant complication. Anterior cruciate ligament rupture presents treatment challenges as regards the optimal timing and method of reconstruction. A number of novel reconstructive techniques have been developed to minimize risks to the physes in this population. Recent studies have focused on the prognosis, surgical indications, and operative techniques for osteochondritis dissecans in children. A number of authors have also sought to better-define the optimal diagnostic testing and management of patellar dislocation. In this review, we provide an update on current concepts for tibial eminence fractures, anterior cruciate ligament injuries, osteochondritis dissecans of the knee, and patellar dislocation in young athletes. PMID:24045503
Bicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Sabatini, Luigi; Giachino, Matteo; Risitano, Salvatore; Atzori, Francesco
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most worldwide practiced surgery for knee osteoarthritis and its efficacy is mightily described by literature. Concerns about the invasiveness of TKA let the introduction of segmental resurfacing of the joint for younger patients with localized osteoarthritis. Bone stock sparing and ligaments preservation are the essence of both unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and bicompartmental knee arthroplasty (BKA). Advantages related to BKA are the respect o...
English, S.; Perret, D.
Posterior knee pain is a common patient complaint. There are broad differential diagnoses of posterior knee pain ranging from common causes such as injury to the musculotendinous structures to less common causes such as osteochondroma. A precise understanding of knee anatomy, the physical examination, and of the differential diagnosis is needed to accurately evaluate and treat posterior knee pain. This article provides a review of the anatomy and important aspects of the history and physical ...
Simultaneous shoulder and elbow dislocation
Çobanoğlu, Mutlu; Yumrukcal, Feridun; KARATAŞ, Cengiz; Duygun, Fatih
Ipsilateral shoulder and elbow dislocation is very rare and only six articles are present in the literature mentioning this kind of a complex injury. With this presentation we aim to emphasise the importance of assessing the adjacent joints in patients with trauma in order not to miss any accompanying pathologies. We report a case of a 43-year-old female patient with ipsilateral right shoulder and elbow dislocation treated conservatively. The patient reported elbow pain when first admitted to...
Surgical treatment for acute posterolateral structures injuries of the knee joint in 12 patients%12例急性膝关节后外侧结构损伤的手术治疗
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Objective ;To investigate the clinical results of surgical treatment for acute posterolaleral structures (PLS) injuries of knee joint. Methods:Twelve patients (12 knees) with acute PLS injuries were treated from May 2006 to October 2008,including 9 males and 3 females,ranging in age from 23 to 47 years,with an average of 31 years. Nine patients had posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries,3 patients had both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and PCL injuries, and 7 patients had articular capsule injuries. The knee joint was explored under arthroscope and the meniscuses were repaired firstly, then the ACL was rebuilt,as well as the PCL and PLS at the same time. The popliteus muscle tendon unit( PMTU) and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) were anatomy reconstructed using variant tendon according to the degree of injury. The cruciate ligament reconstructed and fixed after the PLS reconstruction. The capsule tears were treated by reinforced suture techniques in the end. IKDC and Lysholm score were used to evaluate the postoperative knee joint function. Results; All the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 12 to 24 months,with an average of (16.5±3.2) months. According to IKDC standard,8 cases restored to normal(grade A),3 caseB near to normal(grade B) and 1 poor(grade C). The preoperative Lysholm joint function score was (39.6±3.1) and improved to (85.1 ±2.2) after surgery. All the patients were satisfied with their operation because of no-swelling and no-pain of the knee joint. Conclusion:The acute PLS injuries should be repaired with anatomy reconstruction of the PMTU and LCL which were the most important structure of the PLS. The operative procedure required accurate establishment of the bone tunnel,protectionof fibular nerve,and avoiding the incision of the variant tendon,thus can make the PLS more stable after the reconstruction.%目的:探讨急性膝关节后外侧结构(posterolateral structures,PLS)损伤�
Luxación intra-articular de rótula Intra-articular dislocation of patella
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. García-Mata
Full Text Available Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 73 años de edad que, tras una caída accidental en las escaleras, sufrió una luxación intra-articular aguda de rótula de la rodilla izquierda. Esta luxación excepcional presentaba incarceración del polo proximal rotuliano en el surco intercondíleo femoral. Se realizó reducción bajo anestesia general debido al dolor y contractura muscular en los intentos de reducción sin anestesia. Realizamos revision quirúrgica que descartó lesiones asociadas del aparato extensor, partes blandas, estructuras articulares y osteofitos. Presentaba artrosis avanzada, sobre todo fémoro-patelar. Tras dos semanas de inmovilización reinició movilidad. No ha presentado recidiva u otro tipo de complicaciones.The case of a patient aged 73 years who, following an accidental fall on a staircase, suffered an acute intraarticular dislocation in the left knee-cap is presented. This exceptional dislocation presented incarceration of the proximal kneecap pole in the femoral intercondylar groove. A reduction was carried out under general anaesthetic due to pain and muscular contraction in the attempts at reduction without anaesthetic. We made a surgical check that ruled out associated lesions to the extensor apparatus, soft parts, joint structures and osteophytes. The patient presented advanced arthrosis, above all femoral-patellar. Following two weeks of immobilisation, the patient restarted mobility. There has been no relapse or other type of complication.
Complications of posterolateral corner injuries of the knee and how to avoid them.
MacDonald, Peter; Vo, Austin
Knee dislocations and in particular posterolateral corner injuries to the knee are severe injuries demanding an organized approach and technically challenging surgery. Complications include unrecognized vascular or neurological injury and failure to reconstruct appropriately. During reconstruction, performing an inappropriate operation (failure to recognize malalignment) or technical error with tunnel or hardware placement can lead to delayed problems. Wound infection and wound breakdown is common as in arthrofibrosis often from overconstraint of the knee. Attention to principles and expertise in technique can minimize these complications. PMID:25545651
To Observe the Clinical Effect of Stimson Reduction Method Cooperate with Zhuang Medicated Thread Moxibustion in Treating Adults with Acute Anterior Dislocation of Shoulder Joint%Stimson复位法配合壮医药线点灸治疗青壮年肩关节前脱位疗效观察
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
于小中; 洪定钢; 王效柱
Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Stimson reduction method cooperate with Zhuang medicated thread moxibus-tion in treating adults with acute anterior dislocation of shoulder joint. Methods:36 cases of patients with Stimson reduction method are reset, and cooperate with Zhuang medicated thread moxibustion therapy in the treatment of intraoperative and postoperative. Re-sults:36 patients were all one-time success, with no use of anesthesia, patients were followed up for 6 months, the shoulder joint function of the patients recovered well, the total efficiency was 100%. Conclusion:Using Stimson reduction method cooperate with Zhuang medicated thread moxibustion in treating adults with acute anterior dislocation of shoulder joint is simple and effective, avoiding the use of anesthesia, and worth further clinical application.% 目的:观察Stimson复位法配合壮医药线点灸治疗青壮年急性肩关节前脱位的临床疗效。方法:对36例青壮年急性肩关节前脱位采用Stimson复位法进行复位,并在术中及术后配合患肩壮医药线点灸治疗。结果:36例患者全部一次性复位成功,无一例使用麻醉,随访半年,患者肩关节功能均恢复良好,总有效率100%。结论:采用Stimson复位法配合壮医药线点灸治疗青壮年急性肩关节前脱位操作方法简单,疗效肯定,避免了使用麻醉,值得临床进一步推广应用。
A new method of arthroscopic reconstruction of the dislocated acromio-clavicular joint.
Trikha, S. P.; Acton, D.; Wilson, A. J.; Curtis, M. J.
BACKGROUND: Symptomatic total acromio-clavicular joint dislocation (Rockwood et al. types III-VI) may be treated by surgical reconstruction. AIM: To describe an arthroscopically assisted technique to reconstruct anatomically the coraco-clavicular ligaments in acute or chronic (> 6 weeks) acromio-clavicular joint dislocation. METHODS: This new technique involves arthroscopic exposure of the coracoid process. Prior to introducing this technique, cadaveric studies were undertaken. RESULTS: Five ...
Neurovascular complications due to the Hippocrates method for reducing anterior shoulder dislocations
Regauer, Markus; Polzer, Hans; Mutschler, Wolf
In spite of the fact that the Hippocrates method hardly has been evaluated in a scientific manner and numerous associated iatrogenic complications have been reported, this method remains to be one of the most common techniques for reducing anterior shoulder dislocations. We report the case of a 69-year-old farmer under coumarin anticoagulant therapy who sustained acute first time anterior dislocation of his dominant right shoulder. By using the Hippocrates method with the patient under genera...
Management of dislocated intraocular implants.
Chan, C K; Agarwal, A; Agarwal, S; Agarwal, A
Implant dislocation may occur in the absence of appropriate capsular or zonular support (PCIOL) (11,35,53) or following traumatic injury to anterior ocular tissues (ACIOL). (11,19,20) Other factors (e.g., advanced patient age, high myopia, previous vitrectomy, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, and certain connective tissue disorders) also may predispose implant dislocation. (9,52) Although reported for all types of IOLs, implant dislocation is becoming more manageable because of the advancement of surgical techniques. A dislocated ACIOL or PCIOL may be explanted, exchanged, or repositioned. (11,48,71) Repositioning the dislocated PCIOL in the ciliary sulcus with modern vitreoretinal techniques provides an optimal environment for visual recovery. (11,71) Implant repositioning techniques generally may be categorized into the external or the internal approaches. (8,11) The former involves external suturing methods for a primary or secondary implant in the absence of adequate capsular or zonular support (15,16,31,42,56,60,61,64,66,73,76) and the latter is achieved through modern pars plana techniques. 8,11,62,69) Recently, several implant repositioning methods gaining increasing acceptance include the scleral loop fixation, (45) the snare approach, (43) the use of the 25-gauge implant forceps, (13) temporary haptic externalization, (8,11,36,71) and the use of perfluorocarbon liquids. (1,28,40,41,44) The temporary haptic externalization method combines the best features of the external and the internal approaches, avoids complex intraocular maneuvers, and allows precise scleral fixation of the dislocated IOL on a consistent basis. (8,11,71) Endoscopy provides the surgeon with optimal viewing of the anterior retropupillary anatomy that is often difficult to appreciate (e.g., capsular-zonular complex, ciliary sulcus, anterior retina, and vitreous base). (6,11) As a result, precise haptic placement is possible during the repositioning process. (6,11) However, a three
Dislocations in Monolayers and Semiconductors.
Ren, Qiang
Four different aspects of the properties of dislocations in monolayer and semiconductors have been investigated: (i) Using atomic relaxation techniques, dislocation dipoles of various sizes and orientations have been studied for monolayers with the Lennard-Jones potential (LJP) and the nearest-neighbour piecewise linear force (PLF) interactions. In the WP system the lower energy vacancy dipoles have over a wide range of angles an energy which is mainly a function of the vacancy content of the dipole. There is a competition between the elastic forces and the topological constraints which favour a five-fold coordinate vacancy (FCV) at the centre of each core. For the short range PLF system the lattice usually compresses upon the introduction of a dislocation, a consequence of the soft core of the interaction potential, and interstitial dipoles are lower in energy. For the long range LJP system the dislocations are mobile whereas for the PLF system they are pinned. The relevance of these results to existing theories of melting are discussed. (ii) Using generalized stacking-fault (GSF) energies obtained from first-principles density-functional calculations, a zero-temperature model for dislocations in silicon is constructed within the framework of a Peierls-Nabarro (PN) model. Core widths, core energies, PN pinning energies, and stresses are calculated for various possible perfect and imperfect dislocations. Both shuffle and glide sets are considered. 90^circ partials are shown to have a lower Peierls stress (PS) than 30 ^circ partials in accord with experiment. (iii) We have also studied by atomic relaxation techniques the properties of dislocations in silicon, modelled by the empirical potential of Stillinger and Weber. In order to compare with the preceding calculation no reconstruction is allowed. We find no evidence of dissociation in the shuffle dislocations. Within this model shuffle dislocations glide along their slipping planes. On the other hand, glide sets
Neglected anterior dislocation of shoulder with large Hillsach's lesion & deficient glenoid: Treated by autogenous bone graft & modified Latarjet procedure.
Peshin, Chetan; Jangira, Vivek; Gupta, Ravi Kumar; Jindal, Rohit
Neglected anterior dislocation of shoulder is rare in spite of the fact that the anterior dislocation of the shoulder is seen in around 90% of the acute cases. Most of the series of neglected dislocation describe posterior dislocation to be far more common.(1) (,2) We hereby report a case of the neglected anterior shoulder dislocation in a 15 year old boy who had a history of epilepsy. There was a large Hill Sachs lesion in humeral head which was impacted in glenoid inferiorly and glenoid was eburnated at that margin. The humeral head was reconstructed with a tricortical iliac graft. Glenoid was reconstructed by transfer of coracoids process of scapula to antero-inferior glenoid (modified Latarjet procedure). This case is unique because management of humeral head defect with bone graft is not mentioned in anterior dislocation.
Closed medial total subtalar joint dislocation without ankle fracture: a case report
Introduction Total subtalar dislocation without fracture of the ankle is a rare clinical entity; it is usually due to a traumatic high-energy mechanism. Standard treatment is successful closed reduction under general anesthesia followed by non-weight bearing and ankle immobilization with a below-knee cast for 6 weeks. Case presentation We present the case of a 30-year-old Moroccan woman who was involved in a road traffic accident. She subsequently received a radiological assessment that objectified a total subtalar dislocation without fracture of her ankle. She was immediately admitted to the operating theater where an immediate reduction was performed under sedation, and immobilization in a plaster boot was adopted for 8 weeks. The management of this traumatic lesion is discussed in the light of the literature. Conclusions Medial subtalar dislocation is a rare dislocation and is not commonly seen as a sports injury because it requires transfer of a large amount of kinetic energy. The weaker talocalcaneal and talonavicular ligaments often bear the brunt of the energy and are more commonly disrupted, compared to the relatively stronger calcaneonavicular ligament. Urgent reduction is important, and closed reduction under general anesthesia is usually successful, often facilitated by keeping the knee in flexion to relax the gastrocnemius muscle. Long-term sequelae include talar avascular necrosis and osteochondral fracture, as well as chronic instability and pain. PMID:25240955
Preventing knee injuries in adolescent female football players – design of a cluster randomized controlled trial [NCT00894595
Waldén Markus; Hägglund Martin; Atroshi Isam
Background: Knee injuries in football are common regardless of age, gender or playing level, but adolescent females seem to have the highest risk. The consequences after severe knee injury, for example anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, are well-known, but less is known about knee injury prevention. We have designed a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effect of a warm-up program aimed at preventing acute knee injury in adolescent female football. Methods: In this...
Dislocations and other topological oddities
Pieranski, Pawel
We will show that the book Dislocations by Jacques Friedel, published half a century ago, can still be recommended, in agreement with the author's intention, as a textbook "for research students at University and for students at engineering schools as well as for research engineers". Indeed, today dislocations are known to occur not only in solid crystals but also in many other systems discovered more recently such as colloidal crystals or liquid crystals having periodic structures. Moreover, the concept of dislocations is an excellent starting point for lectures on topological defects occurring in systems equipped with order parameters resulting from broken symmetries: disclinations in nematic or hexatic liquid crystals, dispirations in chiral smectics or disorientations in lyotropic liquid crystals. The discussion of dislocations in Blue Phases will give us an opportunity to call on mind Sir Charles Frank, friend of Jacques Friedel since his Bristol years, who called these ephemeral mesophases "topological oddities". Being made of networks of disclinations, Blue Phases are similar to Twist Grain Boundary (TGB) smectic phases, which are made of networks of screw dislocations and whose existence was predicted by de Gennes in 1972 on the basis of the analogy between smectics and superconductors. We will stress that the book by Jacques Friedel contains seeds of this analogy.
Dislocation-density function dynamics - An all-dislocation, full-dynamics approach for modeling intensive dislocation structures
Leung, H. S.; Ngan, A. H. W.
It has long been recognized that a successful strategy for computational plasticity will have to bridge across the meso scale in which the interactions of high quantities of dislocations dominate. In this work, a new meso-scale scheme based on the full dynamics of dislocation-density functions is proposed. In this scheme, the evolution of the dislocation-density functions is derived from a coarse-graining procedure which clearly defines the relationship between the discrete-line and density representations of the dislocation microstructure. Full dynamics of the dislocation-density functions are considered based on an "all-dislocation" concept in which statistically stored dislocations are preserved and treated in the same way as geometrically necessary dislocations. Elastic interactions between dislocations in a 3D space are treated in accordance with Mura's formula for eigen stress. Dislocation generation is considered as a consequence of dislocations to maintain their connectivity, and a special scheme is devised for this purpose. The model is applied to simulate a number of intensive microstructures involving discrete dislocation events, including loop expansion and shrinkage under applied and self stress, dipole annihilation, and Orowan looping. The scheme can also handle high densities of dislocations present in extensive microstructures.
GÓmez Vieira, Luis Alfredo; Visco, Adalberto; Daneu Fernandes, Luis Filipe; GÓmez Cordero, Nicolas Gerardo
Presenting the arthroscopic treatment by Tight Rope - Arthrex® system for acute acromioclavicular dislocation and to evaluate results obtained with this procedure. Methods: Between August 2006 and May 2007, 10 shoulders of 10 patients with acute acromioclavicular dislocation were submitted to arthroscopic repair using the Tight Rope - Arthrex® system. Minimum follow-up was 12 months, with a mean of 15 months. Age ranged from 26 to 42, mean 34 years. All patients were male. Radiology evaluation was made by trauma series x-ray. The patients were assisted in the first month weekly and after three months after the procedure. Clinical evaluation was based on the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) criteria. Results: All patients were satisfied after the arthroscopic procedure and the mean UCLA score was 32,5. Conclusion: The arthroscopic treatment by Tight Rope – Arthrex® system for acute acromioclavicular dislocation showed to be an efficient technique. PMID:26998453
Bipolar dislocation of the clavicle
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Wei Jiang
Full Text Available Bipolar dislocation of the clavicle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint is an uncommon traumatic injury. The conservative treatments adopted in the past is associated with redislocation dysfunction and deformity. A 41 years old lady with bipolar dislocation of right shoulder is treated surgically by open reduction and internal fixation by oblique T-plate at sternoclavicular joint and Kirschner wire stabilization at acromioclavicular joint. The patient showed satisfactory recovery with full range of motion of the right shoulder and normal muscular strength. The case reported in view of rarity and at 2 years followup.
Bipolar dislocation of the clavicle.
Jiang, Wei; Gao, Shu-Guang; Li, Yu-Sheng; Lei, Guang-Hua
Bipolar dislocation of the clavicle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint is an uncommon traumatic injury. The conservative treatments adopted in the past is associated with redislocation dysfunction and deformity. A 41 years old lady with bipolar dislocation of right shoulder is treated surgically by open reduction and internal fixation by oblique T-plate at sternoclavicular joint and Kirschner wire stabilization at acromioclavicular joint. The patient showed satisfactory recovery with full range of motion of the right shoulder and normal muscular strength. The case reported in view of rarity and at 2 years followup. PMID:23325981
Non-invasive interactive neurostimulation (InterX ™ reduces acute pain in patients following total knee replacement surgery: a randomised, controlled trial
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Taylor Drena M
Full Text Available Abstract Background Adequate post-operative pain relief following total knee replacement (TKR is very important to optimal post-operative recovery. Faster mobilisation and rehabilitation ultimately results in optimum recovery outcomes, but pain is often the limiting factor. This study evaluates the potential clinical benefit of the InterX neurostimulation device on pain reduction and rehabilitative outcome. Methods A clinical trial under the Hywel Dda Clinical Audit Committee to validate the clinical benefit of Non-invasive Interactive Neurostimulation (NIN therapy using the InterX device was performed in patients undergoing TKR. 61 patients were randomised to treatment groups in blocks of two from the Theatre Operation List. The control group received the standard hospital course of pain medication and rehabilitation twice daily for 3 post-op days. The experimental group received 8 sessions of NIN therapy over 3 post-op days in addition to the standard course received by the Control group. Pain and range of motion were collected as the primary study measures. Results Sixty one subjects were enrolled and randomised, but 2 subjects (one/group were excluded due to missing data at Baseline/Final; one subject in the InterX group was excluded due to pre-existing rheumatoid pain conditions confounding the analysis. The experimental group pre- to post-session Verbal Rating Scale for pain (VRS showed that NIN therapy consistently reduced the pain scores by a mean of 2.3 points (SE 0.11. The NIN pre-treatment score at Final was used for the primary ANCOVA comparison, demonstrating a significantly greater cumulative treatment effect of a mean 2.2 (SE 0.49 points pain reduction (p = 0.002. Control subjects only experienced a mean 0.34 (SE 0.49 point decrease in pain. Ninety degrees ROM was required to discharge the patient and this was attained as an average despite the greater Baseline deficit in the InterX group. Eight control patients and three
Evaluation of the mechanism and principles of management of temporomandibular joint dislocation. Systematic review of literature and a proposed new classification of temporomandibular joint dislocation
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Akinbami Babatunde O
Full Text Available Abstract Background Virtually all the articles in literature addressed only a specific type of dislocation. The aim of this review was to project a comprehensive understanding of the pathologic processes and management of all types of dislodgement of the head of the mandibular condyle from its normal position in the glenoid fossa. In addition, a new classification of temporomandibular joint dislocation was also proposed. Method and materials A thorough computer literature search was done using the Medline, Cochrane library and Embase database. Key words like temporo-mandibular joint dislocation were used for the search. Additional manual search was done by going through published home-based and foreign articles. Case reports/series, and original articles that documented the type of dislocation, number of cases treated in the series and original articles. Treatment done and outcome of treatment were included in the study. Result A total of 128 articles were reviewed out which 79 were found relevant. Of these, 26 were case reports, 17 were case series and 36 were original articles. 79 cases were acute dislocations, 35 cases were chronic protracted TMJ dislocations and 311 cases were chronic recurrent TMJ dislocations. Etiology was predominantly trauma in 60% of cases and other causes contributed about 40%. Of all the cases reviewed, only 4 were unilateral dislocation. Various treatment modalities are outlined in this report as indicated for each type of dislocation. Conclusion The more complex and invasive method of treatment may not necessarily offer the best option and outcome of treatment, therefore conservative approaches should be exhausted and utilized appropriately before adopting the more invasive surgical techniques.
Atomistic simulations of dislocation processes in copper
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Vegge, T.; Jacobsen, K.W.
We discuss atomistic simulations of dislocation processes in copper based on effective medium theory interatomic potentials. Results on screw dislocation structures and processes are reviewed with particular focus on point defect mobilities and processes involving cross slip. For example, the sta......We discuss atomistic simulations of dislocation processes in copper based on effective medium theory interatomic potentials. Results on screw dislocation structures and processes are reviewed with particular focus on point defect mobilities and processes involving cross slip. For example...
Light scattering from dislocations in silicon
Monier, Vanessa; Capello, Luciana; Kononchuk, Oleg; Pichaud, Bernard
Nondecorated glide dislocations in Czochralski grown silicon have been studied by laser scattering tomography technique. Dependence of intensity of scattered light on polarization of the incident light has been measured for different orientations of the dislocation line and Burgers vector. Detailed theory of light scattering by dislocation in silicon crystals is presented. It is shown that by combination of polarization and tomography measurements it is possible to determine slip system of nondecorated mixed dislocation in Si.
Bilateral fracture dislocation of the shoulder (Presentation of a Case)
Kuzgun, Unal; Baskir, Orhan; Temelli, Yener; Yazicioglu, Onder; Temocin, Bahattin O.; Kokino, Misel
The largest portion of the dislocations encountered in the adults comprises shoulder dislocations and 2.16% of these dislocations constitute posterior dislocations. It is possible to detect that a dislocation develops secondary to convulsions due to immediate loss of consciousness in the history of most of the posterior dislocations of the shoulder. Approximately 20 cases have been so far reported in literature regurding bilateral dislocations of the shoulder. Bilateral dislocation associated...
Scattering of phonons by dislocations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
By 1950, an explicit effort had been launched to use lattice thermal conductivity measurements in the investigation of defect structures in solids. This technique has been highly successful, especially when combined with the measurements of other properties such as optical absorption. One exception has been the study of dislocations. Although dislocations have a profound effect on the phonon thermal conductivity, the mechanisms of the phonon-dislocation interaction are poorly understood. The most basic questions are still debated in the literature. It therefore is pointless to attempt a quantitative comparison between an extensive accumulation of experimental data on the one hand, and the numerous theoretical models on the other. Instead, this chapter will attempt to glean a few qualitative conclusions from the existing experimental data. These results will then be compared with two general models which incorporate, in a qualitative manner, most of the proposed theories of the phonon-dislocation interaction. Until very recently, measurement of thermal conductivity was the only means available to probe the interaction between phonons and defects at phonon frequencies above the standard ultrasonic range of approx. = 109 Hz. The introductory paragraphs provide a brief review of the thermal-conductivity technique and the problems which are encountered in practice. There is also a brief presentation of the theoretical models and the complications that may occur in more realistic situations
Financial Dislocations among Divorcing Families.
Little, Marilyn J.
Extensive economic changes may be brought about by divorce. In an attempt to demonstrate that the degree of financial dislocation following divorce depends on three factors--custody arrangements, wife's employment, and social class--data on men's and women's employment, income, and support payments were gathered for 222 divorcing families. Total…
Can intra-articular therapies prior to total knee arthroplasty increase the risk of periprosthetic infection?
Yeo, Q Y; Lye, D C; Sathappan Ss, S S
Intra-articular therapies, such as steroid injection, viscosupplement injection and acupuncture, are common non-surgical options for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. With any intra-articular injection or acupuncture procedure, there is a potential for inoculation with bacteria leading to possible knee infection. The authors report a patient who incurred an acute infection found after a total knee arthroplasty attributed to prior acupuncture procedure done as part of conservative treatment.
Effect of Angiotensin II on Blood Flow in Acute and Chronically Inflamed Knee Joints of Rabbits: The Role of Nitric Oxide
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Hamid Najafipour
Full Text Available Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE upregulationin stromal cells of joints affected by rheumatoid arthritismay lead to higher tissue angiotensin II that is a vasoconstrictorand mitogen factor. To date, the role of angiotensin II onregulating blood flow in inflamed joints has not been studied.Methods: Acute and chronic joint inflammation was inducedin rabbits by intra-articular injection of carrageenan and antigen-induced arthritis method, respectively. The ACE level ofsynovial fluid and the response of joint blood flow to angiotensinII, angiotensin II receptor antagonist, and the role ofnitric oxide (NO in modulation of the effects of angiotensin IIon joint blood vessels were examined.Results: The synovial fluid level of ACE was significantly increasedduring the process of inflammation and angiotensin IIincreased joint vascular resistance dose-dependently in both acuteand chronically inflamed joints. The angiotensin 1 receptor antagonistlosartan completely blocked the vasoconstrictor effect ofangiotensin II on joint blood vessels and induced vasodilatation.Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-omega -nitro L- argininemethyl ester (L-NAME increased joint vascular resistance andaugmented vascular response of inflamed joints to angiotensin II.Conclusion: Angiotensin II receptors in joint blood vesselsare angiotensin -1 subtype, and inflammation significantlyincreases the activity of synovial fluid ACE. Nitric oxide playsa significant role on regulating joint blood flow and in modulationof angiotensin 1 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction ofinflamed joint blood vessels.
Full Text Available Revision Knee Surgery Featuring the Zimmer® NexGen® LCCK System. Zimmer, Inc. Indio, California March 31, 2010 Welcome to this ... surgery, demonstrating the role of the NexGen LCCK Knee Revision System. If we could go to the ...
Full Text Available Revision Knee Surgery Featuring the Zimmer® NexGen® LCCK System. Zimmer, Inc. Indio, California March 31, 2010 Welcome ... the role of the NexGen LCCK Knee Revision System. If we could go to the slides, please. ...
Dislocation of the penis: a rare complication after traumatic pelvic injury.
Lim, Mei Chin; Srinivasan, Sivasubramanian; Teh, Hui Seong; Teh, Chang Peng Colin
Traumatic injury to the male external genitalia is frequently encountered, but acute traumatic dislocation of the penile structure is extremely rare, with only a few reports found in the literature. We herein report the case of a 21-year-old man who sustained blunt trauma to the pelvis following a motor vehicle accident, and had features suspicious of penile dislocation. With the use of computed tomography and bedside ultrasonography, a diagnosis of penile dislocation was made, which was subsequently confirmed intraoperatively. Immediate surgical intervention via gentle manipulation of the penile tissue back to its native position was performed in order to restore normal anatomy. The exact mechanism of penile dislocation is not known. However, circumferential laceration around the foreskin causing degloving injury of the penis is suggested in our patient.
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Staebler, A.; Glaser, C.; Reiser, M. [Dept. of Diagnostic Radiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilian Universitaet Muenchen (Germany)
Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive, specific, and accurate noninvasive method for diagnosing internal derangement of the knee. During the past 15 years knowledge of pathologic conditions of the knee had evolved significantly. Beyond the basic principles of imaging knee injuries great impact was made on the understanding of indirect or collateral findings, even in rare diseases. In this article the spectrum of disorders of the knee are reviewed and an overview of the current literature is given. This includes considerations about how to achieve a high-standard MR imaging study of the knee, and principles of imaging anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal tears. A focus is put on distinct diseases including intra-articular and intraosseous ganglion cysts, iliotibial band friction syndrome, transient osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, osteochondritis dissecans, and imaging of the articular cartilage. (orig.)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive, specific, and accurate noninvasive method for diagnosing internal derangement of the knee. During the past 15 years knowledge of pathologic conditions of the knee had evolved significantly. Beyond the basic principles of imaging knee injuries great impact was made on the understanding of indirect or collateral findings, even in rare diseases. In this article the spectrum of disorders of the knee are reviewed and an overview of the current literature is given. This includes considerations about how to achieve a high-standard MR imaging study of the knee, and principles of imaging anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal tears. A focus is put on distinct diseases including intra-articular and intraosseous ganglion cysts, iliotibial band friction syndrome, transient osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, osteochondritis dissecans, and imaging of the articular cartilage. (orig.)
Bicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
Sabatini, Luigi; Giachino, Matteo; Risitano, Salvatore; Atzori, Francesco
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most worldwide practiced surgery for knee osteoarthritis and its efficacy is mightily described by literature. Concerns about the invasiveness of TKA let the introduction of segmental resurfacing of the joint for younger patients with localized osteoarthritis. Bone stock sparing and ligaments preservation are the essence of both unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and bicompartmental knee arthroplasty (BKA). Advantages related to BKA are the respect of knee biomechanics, lower complications rates, shorter hospital stay, faster rehabilitation. Moreover, in case of failure of the first implant the conversion to TKA is undemanding and can be compared to a standard prosthesis. Our experience suggest that BKA is a reliable technique in selected cases and especially younger people with higher functional requests can favourably profit from it. Although those results are encouraging, we still need further prospective, randomized, long-term studies to finally assess BKA indications and outcomes. PMID:26855941
Diagnostic Value of High Frequency Ultrasound in Acute and Chronic Injury of Tendon and Medial Collateral Ligament of Knee Joint%高频超声对膝关节肌腱及内侧副韧带急慢性损伤的诊断价值
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Objective To explore the highfrequency ultrasound for knee tendon and the diagnostic value of the medial vice toughening of acute or chronic injury.Methods Our hospital 96 knee tendon or medial vice toughening of acute or chronic injury patients using high frequency ultrasound examination,the record of high frequency ultrasound image analysis.Results All 96 patients was diagnosed,including 44 patients with injury of medial collateral ligament,accounting for 45.8%of the total number of patients.Patellar tendon,tendon disease 31,accounting for 32.3%of the total.15 patients with injury of meniscus,accounting for 15.6%of the total.Damage to the iliotibial band six,accounting for 6.25%of the total patients.Conclusion High frequency ultrasound on knee tendon and medial collateral ligament acute or chronic damage diagnosis accuracy is higher,it can be used as knee tendon and medial collateral ligament best methods for the diagnosis of acute or chronic damage image.%目的探究高频超声波对膝关节肌腱及内侧副韧急慢性损伤的诊断价值.方法对本院的96例膝关节肌腱或内侧副韧急慢性损伤的患者利用高频超声进行检查,对记录的高频超声图像进行分析研究.结果96例患者的病情全部确诊,其中内侧副韧带损伤患者44例,占患者总人数中的45.8%.髌腱肌腱病31例,占总人数的32.3%.半月板损伤患者15例,占总人数的15.6%.髂胫束损伤6例,占总患者的6.25%.结论高频超声对膝关节肌腱及内侧副韧带急慢性损伤的诊断准确率较高,其可作为膝关节肌腱及内侧副韧带急慢性损伤影像诊断的最佳方法.
Solute drag on perfect and extended dislocations
Sills, R. B.; Cai, W.
The drag force exerted on a moving dislocation by a field of mobile solutes is studied in the steady state. The drag force is numerically calculated as a function of the dislocation velocity for both perfect and extended dislocations. The sensitivity of the non-dimensionalized force-velocity curve to the various controlling parameters is assessed, and an approximate analytical force-velocity expression is given. A non-dimensional parameter S characterizing the strength of the solute-dislocation interaction, the background solute fraction ?, and the dislocation character angle ?, are found to have the strongest influence on the force-velocity curve. Within the model considered here, a perfect screw dislocation experiences no solute drag, but an extended screw dislocation experiences a non-zero drag force that is about 10 to 30% of the drag on an extended edge dislocation. The solutes can change the spacing between the Shockley partials in both stationary and moving extended dislocations, even when the stacking fault energy remains unaltered. Under certain conditions, the solutes destabilize an extended dislocation by either collapsing it into a perfect dislocation or causing the partials to separate unboundedly. It is proposed that the latter instability may lead to the formation of large faulted areas and deformation twins in low stacking fault energy materials containing solutes, consistent with experimental observations of copper and stainless steel containing hydrogen.
Total Knee Replacement for Women
Full Text Available ... this knee differ from the high-flex mobile bearing knee?" Well this is not a mobile bearing knee. There is a lot of controversy as to whether or not a mobile-bearing knee provides any significant benefit to the patient. ...
Lisfranc fracture dislocation. Clinical case
Lora-Fernández Alberto Carlos; Cabarcas-Montes Gustavo
The Lisfranc fracture dislocation is a serious lesion occur in tarsometatarsian joint and produce importants consequence, for anatomic complexiti of this foot area. The injury mechanisms ocasionality is asociated to automovilistic accidents. Our report of a clinical case into a patient endure fall since 8 meter altitud. Quirurgical manegement was make, open reduction and osteosíntesis with Kirschner nails. Favorable evolution and adecuate reponse to rehabilitation.RESUMENLa luxofractura de Li...
应用缝匠肌治疗伸膝功能障碍%The application of sartorius muscle for treatment of extension disorders of knee
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陈秋生; 李松建; 余斌; 陈霞; 朱立新; 杨建成
Objective Sartorius muscle was applied to treat dislocation or subluxation of patella and extension disorder of knee resulted from poliomyelitis,patellectomy and quadriceps femoris injury.Method The distal one third part or two thirds part of sartorius muscle excluded its insertion was freed,then transposed and threaded to the front surface of patella.Result 30 cases(37 knees)with dislocation or subluxation of patella were treated and 25 cases(28 knees)were followed up(mean followed up time 4 years).pain in the patello femeral joint disappeared without any recurrence of dislocation.75 with weak extensor of knee were treated and 50 were followed up for mean 2 years and 1 month.The extensor strength in the patients with poliomyelitis increased from 0.89 preoperatively to 2.76 postoperatively.The joint movement in the patients with extension stiffness of knee increased from 15° preoperatively to 102° postoperatively.The extensor strength in the patients with patellectomy increased by 2 grades postoperatively,which enable the patients to complete the last 10° to 15° extension movement of knee.Conclusion The authors modified the usual surgery methods,by which the results were far from perfect,in treatment of the lateral displacement of patella and advanced a new treatment for the patients with extension stiffness of knee and the patients with weak extensor strength after patellectomy.
Older Adults without Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis: Knee Alignment and Knee Range of Motion
Lissa Fahlman; Emmeline Sangeorzan; Nimisha Chheda; Daphne Lambright
This study describes knee alignment and active knee range of motion (ROM) in a community-based group of 78-year old adults (n = 143) who did not have radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis in either knee (KL 0.001) than women with varus or...
Lattice dislocation in Si nanowires
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Omar, M.S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraqi Kurdistan (Iraq); Taha, H.T. [Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraqi Kurdistan (Iraq)
Modified formulas were used to calculate lattice thermal expansion, specific heat and Bulk modulus for Si nanowires with diameters of 115, 56, 37 and 22 nm. From these values and Gruneisen parameter taken from reference, mean lattice volumes were found to be as 20.03 A{sup 3} for the bulk and 23.63, 29.91, 34.69 and 40.46 A{sup 3} for Si nanowire diameters mentioned above, respectively. Their mean bonding length was calculated to be as 0.235 nm for the bulk and 0.248, 0.269, 0.282 and 0.297 nm for the nanowires diameter mentioned above, respectively. By dividing the nanowires diameter on the mean bonding length, number of layers per each nanowire size was found to be as 230, 104, 65 and 37 for the diameters mentioned above, respectively. Lattice dislocations in 22 nm diameter wire were found to be from 0.00324 nm for the 1st central lattice to 0.2579 nm for the last surface lattice. Such dislocation was smaller for larger wire diameters. Dislocation concentration found to change in Si nanowires according to the proportionalities of surface thickness to nanowire radius ratios.
急性前交叉韧带损伤合并内侧副韧带损伤的治疗选择%Treatment of acute anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament injuries of knee
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
姚建华; 李海鹏; 黄炎; 薛元锁
目的 探讨急性前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤合并内侧副韧带(MCL)损伤的治疗时机及方法.方法 2002年12月-2008年10月,治疗急性ACL损伤合并MCL损伤58例.MCL损伤Ⅰ度7例,Ⅱ度25例,Ⅲ度26例.MCL Ⅰ、Ⅱ度损伤共32例经3-4周制动,待关节活动功能恢复后行ACL重建;Ⅲ度损伤7例经制动6周,伤后9-10周行ACL重建.19例伤后两周内行ACL重建,术后在伸直位和屈膝30°位用支具制动6-8周,11例阴性,8例阳性,6例有后内侧关节囊撕裂,于损伤部位小切口用缝合铆钉原位修复后内侧结构,术后用支具制动6-8周.结果 平均随访15月(6-34月),Ⅰ-Ⅱ度损伤32例外翻应力试验阴性,前抽屉试验(+)2例,术后Lysholm评分91.2.18例MCL Ⅲ度损伤保守治疗,外翻应力试验Ⅰ度3例、Ⅱ度1例,前抽屉试验(+)2例、(++)1例,术后Lysholm评分86.5.MCLⅢ度损伤8例经手术修复治疗,外翻应力试验Ⅰ度2例,前抽屉试验(+)1例,术后Lysholm评分89.3.结论 急性ACL损伤合并Ⅲ度MCL损伤应早期手术,ACL重建后外翻应力试验不稳者需早期手术修复MCL.%Objective To study the treatment modalities for acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries. Methods Fifty-eight patients with acute ACL and MCL injuries (including grade I in 7, grade II in 25 and grade III in 26 cases) were treated in our department from December 2002 to October 2008. ACL was reconstructed when the knee function was recovered in 32 patients with grade I and grade II MCL injury after they were immobilized for 3-4 weeks, in 7 patients with grade M MCL injury after they were immobilized for 6 weeks, in 19 patients with grade 1H MCL injury after they were immobilized for 2 weeks. Valgus stress testing for full extension and 300 of flexion was negative in 11 patients and positive in 8 patients after they were immobilized for 6-8 weeks. Posterior knee capsule tear in 6 patients was repaired with its posteromedial structure
Lower body positive pressure: an emerging technology in the battle against knee osteoarthritis?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Takacs J
Full Text Available Judit Takacs,1 Judy E Anderson,1,3 Jeff RS Leiter,1,2,4 Peter B MacDonald,2,4 Jason D Peeler1,4 1Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, 2Department of Surgery, 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 4Pan Am Clinic, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA is the most prevalent medical condition in individuals over the age of 65 years, and is a progressive joint degenerative condition with no known cure. Research suggests that there is a strong relationship between knee pain and loss of physical function. The resulting lifestyle modifications negatively impact not only disease onset and progression but also overall health, work productivity, and quality of life of the affected individual. Purpose: The goal of this investigation was to examine the feasibility of using an emerging technology called lower body positive pressure (LBPP to simulate weight loss and reduce acute knee pain during treadmill walking exercise in overweight individuals with radiographically confirmed symptomatic knee OA. Design: Prospective case series. Methods: Twenty-two overweight individuals with knee OA completed two 20-minute treadmill walking sessions (one full weight bearing and one LBPP supported at a speed of 3.1 mph, 0% incline. Acute knee pain was assessed using a visual analog scale, and the percentage of LBPP support required to minimize knee pain was evaluated every 5 minutes. Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores were used to quantify knee pain and functional status between walking sessions. The order of testing was randomized, with sessions occurring a minimum of 1 week apart. Results: A mean LBPP of 12.4% of body weight provided participants with significant pain relief during walking, and prevented exacerbation of acute knee pain over the duration of the 20-minute exercise session. Patients felt safe and confident walking with LBPP support on the treadmill, and demonstrated no change
Early postoperative albumin level following total knee arthroplasty is associated with acute kidney injury: A retrospective analysis of 1309 consecutive patients based on kidney disease improving global outcomes criteria.
Kim, Ha-Jung; Koh, Won-Uk; Kim, Sae-Gyeol; Park, Hyeok-Seong; Song, Jun-Gol; Ro, Young-Jin; Yang, Hong-Seuk
Hypoalbuminemia has been reported to be an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, little is known about the relationship between the albumin level and the incidence of AKI in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of our study was to assess incidence and risk factors for AKI and to evaluate the relationship between albumin level and AKI following TKA.The study included a retrospective review of medical records of 1309 consecutive patients who underwent TKA between January 2008 and December 2014. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the lowest serum albumin level within 2 postoperative days (POD2_alb level < 3.0 g/dL vs ≥3.0 g/dL). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for AKI. A comparison of incidence of AKI, hospital stay, and overall mortality in the 2 groups was performed using propensity score analysis.Of 1309 patients, 57 (4.4%) developed AKI based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Factors associated with AKI included age (odds ratio [OR] 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.09; P = 0.030), diabetes (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.65-5.89; P < 0.001), uric acid (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.26-1.82; P < 0.001), beta blocker use (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.48-4.73; P = 0.001), diuretics (OR 16.42; 95% CI 3.08-87.68; P = 0.001), and POD2_alb level < 3.0 g/dL (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.09-3.37; P = 0.023). After propensity score analysis, POD2_alb level<3.0 g/dL was associated with AKI occurrence (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.03-3.24, P = 0.041) and longer hospital stay (P = 0.001).In this study, we demonstrated that POD2_alb level<3.0 g/dL was an independent risk factor for AKI and lengthened hospital stay in patients undergoing TKA. PMID:27495094
Knee arthroscopy - series (image)
... usually able to leave the hospital after arthroscopic knee surgery within 24 hours of surgery. The recovery time, and the need for physical therapy after surgery are determined by the injury treated ...
... Health Information Basics for You and Your Family Sports Injuries, Handout on Health Health Information Knee Problems Find ... for a long time. This sometimes occurs in sports training. Treatment for tendon injuries and disorders includes: Rest Ice Elevation Medicines such ...
Jumper's Knee (Patellar Tendonitis)
... when bending the knee pain in the quadriceps muscle leg or calf weakness Less common symptoms include: balance problems warmth, ... weight-bearing muscle groups like the quadriceps and calf muscles specialized injections to desensitize nerve endings and reduce ...
Full Text Available ... LPS flex to LCCK components, to even a rotating hinge knee arthroplasty, and finally, to the segmental ... I think the interface stresses, even with the rotating hinges, are higher, and so I want fixation ...
Full Text Available ... Tiarina [PH], Angie Weems [PH], and to my right, Roya Royo [PH]. Elise Bond Is our circulator. ... female, five- three, 274 pounds, who had this right knee replacement performed approximately ten years ago. Initially ...
Full Text Available ... equally bad. Right. So what about you rehab process for this knee? Does it change in any manner to your primary setting? Not really. The pain management protocol that we have here is excellence. The ...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hahn, Thomas; Foldspang, Anders
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of knee pain in active athletes and to investigate potential associations to type, amount and duration of sports participation. MEASUREMENTS: 339 athletes gave information about occupation, sports activity and different features of knee pain, based...... on a self-filled questionnaire. MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of knee pain within the preceding 12 months, constant or recurrent knee pain, absence from sport and absence from work due to knee pain, was 54%, 34%, 19% and 4%, respectively. Knee pain was positively associated with years of jogging...... and with weekly hours of participation in competitive gymnastics but negatively with weekly hours of tennis. Constant or recurrent knee pain was positively associated with years of swimming. Absence from sport due to knee pain was positively associated with weekly hours of soccer participation. CONCLUSIONS: Knee...
Jewett, Pamela
Freire told his audience at a seminar at the University of Massachusetts, "You need to read knee-deep in texts, for deeper than surface meanings, and you need to know the words to be able to do it" (quoted in Cleary, 2003). In a children's literature class, fifteen teachers and I traveled along a path that moved us toward reading knee-deep as we…
Rare Inferior Shoulder Dislocation (Luxatio Erecta)
Hakan Cift; Salih Soylemez; Murat Demiroglu; Korhan Ozkan; Vahit Emre Ozden; Ozkut, Afsar T.
Although shoulder dislocations have been seen very frequently, inferior dislocation of shoulder constitutes only 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations. We share our 4 patients with luxatio erecta and present their last clinical control. 2 male and 2 female Caucasian patients were diagnosed as luxatio erecta. Patients' ages were 78, 62, 65, and 76. All patients' reduction was done by traction-abduction and contour traction maneuver in the operating room. The patients had no symptoms and no limitat...
A Numeric Study on Chaotic Dislocation Emission
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
HonglaiTan; WeiYang
Crack tip atom-string model is devised to study non-linear features of dislocation emission processes under mode II loads.Dynamic analysis shows that the atom motion at the crack tip changes from periodic to chaotic as the stress intensity factor increases.Study on the dislocation emission band reveals the phenomenon of cloud-like drifting of the dislocation core ahead of the crack tip.
Calcific tendinitis of biceps femoris: an unusual site and cause for lateral knee pain.
Chan, Warwick; Chase, Helen Emily; Cahir, John G; Walton, Neil Patrick
A 37-year-old man presented to the acute knee and sports medicine clinic with atraumatic lateral knee pain. He had point tenderness over the lateral aspect of his knee which had not settled with anti-inflammatory medications. Imaging revealed a large opaque lesion lateral to the knee and although there was no clear mechanism, injury to the posterolateral corner was considered. An MRI subsequently revealed a rare case of calcific tendinitis to the biceps femoris tendon insertion. This condition was self-limiting and did not require interventions such as steroid injections. This is the first reported case of calcific tendinitis of biceps femoris as a cause of acute knee pain. PMID:27473032
Epidemiology of Isolated Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation
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Claudio Chillemi
Full Text Available Background. Acromioclavicular (AC joint dislocation is a common shoulder problem. However, information about the basic epidemiological features of this condition is scarce. The aim of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of isolated AC dislocation in an urban population. Materials and Methods. A retrospective database search was performed to identify all patients with an AC dislocation over a 5-year period. Gender, age, affected side and traumatic mechanism were taken into account. X-rays were reviewed by two of the authors and dislocations were classified according to the Rockwood's criteria. Results. A total of 108 patients, with a mean age of 37.5 years were diagnosed with AC dislocation. 105 (97.2% had an isolated AC dislocation, and 3 (2.8% were associated with a clavicle fracture. The estimated incidence was 1.8 per 10000 inhabitants per year and the male-female ratio was 8.5 : 1. 50.5% of all dislocations occurred in individuals between the ages of 20 and 39 years. The most common traumatic mechanism was sport injury and the most common type of dislocation was Rockwood type III. Conclusions. Age between 20 and 39 years and male sex represent significant demographic risk factors for AC dislocation.
Robust atomistic calculation of dislocation line tension
Szajewski, B. A.; Pavia, F.; Curtin, W. A.
The line tension Γ of a dislocation is an important and fundamental property ubiquitous to continuum scale models of metal plasticity. However, the precise value of Γ in a given material has proven difficult to assess, with literature values encompassing a wide range. Here results from a multiscale simulation and robust analysis of the dislocation line tension, for dislocation bow-out between pinning points, are presented for two widely-used interatomic potentials for Al. A central part of the analysis involves an effective Peierls stress applicable to curved dislocation structures that markedly differs from that of perfectly straight dislocations but is required to describe the bow-out both in loading and unloading. The line tensions for the two interatomic potentials are similar and provide robust numerical values for Al. Most importantly, the atomic results show notable differences with singular anisotropic elastic dislocation theory in that (i) the coefficient of the \\text{ln}(L) scaling with dislocation length L differs and (ii) the ratio of screw to edge line tension is smaller than predicted by anisotropic elasticity. These differences are attributed to local dislocation core interactions that remain beyond the scope of elasticity theory. The many differing literature values for Γ are attributed to various approximations and inaccuracies in previous approaches. The results here indicate that continuum line dislocation models, based on elasticity theory and various core-cut-off assumptions, may be fundamentally unable to reproduce full atomistic results, thus hampering the detailed predictive ability of such continuum models.
Massively-Parallel Dislocation Dynamics Simulations
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cai, W; Bulatov, V V; Pierce, T G; Hiratani, M; Rhee, M; Bartelt, M; Tang, M
Prediction of the plastic strength of single crystals based on the collective dynamics of dislocations has been a challenge for computational materials science for a number of years. The difficulty lies in the inability of the existing dislocation dynamics (DD) codes to handle a sufficiently large number of dislocation lines, in order to be statistically representative and to reproduce experimentally observed microstructures. A new massively-parallel DD code is developed that is capable of modeling million-dislocation systems by employing thousands of processors. We discuss the general aspects of this code that make such large scale simulations possible, as well as a few initial simulation results.
Hybrid Dislocated Control and General Hybrid Projective Dislocated Synchronization for Memristor Chaotic Oscillator System
Junwei Sun; Chun Huang; Guangzhao Cui
Some important dynamical properties of the memristor chaotic oscillator system have been studied in the paper. A novel hybrid dislocated control method and a general hybrid projective dislocated synchronization scheme have been realized for memristor chaotic oscillator system. The paper firstly presents hybrid dislocated control method for stabilizing chaos to the unstable equilibrium point. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, general hybrid projective dislocated synchronization has been...
Treatment of neglected elbow dislocations with the help of hinged external fixator: Report of two cases
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Özgür Karakoyun
Full Text Available Elbow dislocations are cases that have to be treated in emergency conditions. Neglected elbow dislocations are seen very rarely and the treatment of such cases are more complicated than acute cases. We present two cases of neglected elbow dislocations treated with open reduction and hinged external fixators. Case 1: 23 year old female patient had a neglected posterior dislocation of left elbow with ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture caused by car accident. The patient was treated after 3 months of initial trauma. We have performed open reduction for the joint. After that we fixed the joint whit a hinged external fixator. The humeral shaft fracture was also fixed with the components of the external fixator. Case 2: 33 year male patient had a large bone and soft tissue defect around the left elbow accompanying with neglected medial elbow dislocation. He presented to our clinic with a delay of 2 months. The patient was treated with open reduction and hinged external fixator after reconstruction of bone defect of distal humerus. Conclusion: The treatment of neglected cases is quite challenging. Open reduction and external fixation has satisfactory results in treatment of late cases of elbow dislocation with the possibility of early rehabilitation. This method can be considered as an option for such cases. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (2: 443-446
Knee pain in competitive swimming.
Rodeo, S A
The high volume of training in competitive swimming results in cumulative overload injuries. Knee pain ranks second to shoulder pain as a common complaint in competitive swimmers. Most knee pain occurs on the medial side of the knee and, most commonly, in breaststroke swimmers; however, knee pain may accompany all strokes. This article reviews the incidence of knee pain, the biomechanic and anatomic factors predisposing to injury, specific injury patterns, injury diagnosis, and the treatment and prevention of injury to the knee in swimmers. PMID:10230572
Arthroscopic findings after shoulder dislocation
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Medenica Ivica
Full Text Available Background/Aim. Recurrent instability of the shoulder joint is frequently difficult to differentiate from diseased or injured rotator cuff or tendon of the forearm flexor (m. biceps brachii. Shoulder joint arthroscopy has been only recently introduced into instable shoulder joint lesion examination. The aim of this study was to present and analyze an arthroscopic finding on instable shoulder joint in order to determine causes and mechanisms of instability, as well as principles of surgical treatment. Methods. Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint was performed in 158 patients with at least one documented shoulder joint dislocation. These patients were divided into two groups. The group I included the patients with one to three dislocations, while the group II those with more than three dislocations. Preoperative diagnosis was based on anamnestic data and clinical examination using specific tests, and on the diagnosis of shoulder joint using radiography or computed tomography. Results. Out of the total number of the patients 138 (87.34% had injury of the anterior patellar brim, 119 (75.32% had failure of the anterior capsule, 126 (79.75% had compressive cartilage injury of the posterior part of the head of the upper arm bone (Hill-Sachs lesion, 102 (64.56% had insufficiency of glenohumeral tendon, 11 (6.96 had complete cut of the rotator cuff, 23 (14.56% had injury of the posterior patellar brim, 12 (7.59% had injury of the upper anterior-posterior patellar brim (SLAP. Conclusion. According to the obtained results it could be concluded that there is no a unique injury that leads to shoulder joint instability. It is necessary to point out to the significance of anamnesis and clinical examination in making diagnosis. Arthroscopic diagnostics is indicated in clinically unreliable findings as an additional method for determining operative treatment.
Multiscale modeling of dislocation-precipitate interactions in Fe: From molecular dynamics to discrete dislocations.
Lehtinen, Arttu; Granberg, Fredric; Laurson, Lasse; Nordlund, Kai; Alava, Mikko J
The stress-driven motion of dislocations in crystalline solids, and thus the ensuing plastic deformation process, is greatly influenced by the presence or absence of various pointlike defects such as precipitates or solute atoms. These defects act as obstacles for dislocation motion and hence affect the mechanical properties of the material. Here we combine molecular dynamics studies with three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics simulations in order to model the interaction between different kinds of precipitates and a 1/2〈111〉{110} edge dislocation in BCC iron. We have implemented immobile spherical precipitates into the ParaDis discrete dislocation dynamics code, with the dislocations interacting with the precipitates via a Gaussian potential, generating a normal force acting on the dislocation segments. The parameters used in the discrete dislocation dynamics simulations for the precipitate potential, the dislocation mobility, shear modulus, and dislocation core energy are obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. We compare the critical stresses needed to unpin the dislocation from the precipitate in molecular dynamics and discrete dislocation dynamics simulations in order to fit the two methods together and discuss the variety of the relevant pinning and depinning mechanisms. PMID:26871192
[The lateral splitting of the knee joint capsule for treatment of chondropathia patellae (author's transl)].
Dobler, R
This is a report on the results of the lateral splitting of the knee-joint capsule for treatment of chondropathia patellae. The operative procedure is described. Pains relative to the patella syndrome, chondropathia patellae, forms of dysplasia of the patella and lateral dislocation of the patella are regarded as indications. 50 knee-joints were post-examined. 26% were without complaints, 54% showed improvement, 10% no change, 10% deteriorated. These results are comparable to those of other, more intensive surgery. Representing a comparatively minor operation, the lateral splitting of the capsule is therefore particularly recommended for young patients.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Li Wei
@@ Over the past five years since September 11, the international community has been highly focused on the increasingly serious terrorist threat. In order to strike the international terrorist force, with al Qaeda as its core, the United Nations Security Council has established a special counter-terrorism committee, drawing up 12 related resolutions, agreements and conventions; multilateral and bilateral counter-terrorism cooperation has been expanding and deepening unceasingly. Many countries have brought counter-terrorism into their national security strategy, established or revised relevant laws, increased the input of manpower, material resources, and funds, actively researched and developed new technology and strengthened all kinds of counter-terrorist measures. Theoretically, international society has created an "inescapable net" for terrorism.
To help prevent injuries in children: Create a safe environment around your home. Help prevent falls by placing ... no substitute for close supervision, no matter how safe the environment or situation appears to be. Teach children how ...
Combination of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement for chronic patellar dislocation
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
WANG Fei; KANG Hui-jun; CHEN Bai-cheng; CHEN Wei; SU Yan-ling; ZHANG Ying-ze
Background The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is popular in clinical practice for chronic patellar dislocation; however, the combination with vastus medialis advancement is rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of the combination of MPFL reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 69 patients with chronic patellar dislocation between July 2004 and October 2008: twenty eight cases with isolated MPFL reconstruction (group Ⅰ), forty one cases with the combination of MPFL reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement (group C). All patients had CT scans available for review with knee flexion at 30 degree, on which the congruence angle, patellar tilt angle and patellar lateral shift were measured. Physical apprehension tests were examined and the redislocation was recorded. In addition, knee function was evaluated using the Kujala score and subjective questionnaires.Results Patients were followed up for a mean of 42 months (12-65 months) without a recurrent dislocation reported.Postoperatively, all indexes on CT scan were within the normal range without a statistical difference between the two groups. Results from the apprehension test showed eight patients in group Ⅰ and three in group Chad patellar lateral shift exceeding 1.5 cm with a hard end point (P <0.05). The Kujala score improved significantly from 51.3±4.5 to 79.9±6.2 in group Ⅰ and from 53.7±5.2 to 83.9±6.5 in group C (P >0.05). However, the subjective questionnaire revealed a significant difference (P <0.05), including 12 excellent, seven good and nine fair in group Ⅰ and 30 excellent, six good and five fair in group C.Conclusion The combination of MPFL reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement is better than isolated reconstruction to improve the subjective effects and decrease the patellar instability rate for chronic patellar dislocation.
Simultaneous MPFL and LPFL reconstruction for recurrent lateral patellar dislocation with medial patellofemoral instability
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Masashi Kusano
Full Text Available We report an extremely rare case of both recurrent lateral patella dislocation and medial patellofemoral instability, following prior operations to correct patella maltracking. Manual translation of the patella revealed medial and lateral instability with a positive apprehension sign. 3-D computer modelling of kinematics based on MRI data demonstrated that the patella deviated laterally at full extension and translated medially with knee flexion. The medial and lateral patellofemoral ligaments were reconstructed simultaneously with hamstring tendons, alleviating peripatellar pain and patellar instability in both directions.
Dislocated interests and climate change
Davis, Steven J.; Diffenbaugh, Noah
The predicted effects of climate change on surface temperatures are now emergent and quantifiable. The recent letter by Hansen and Sato (2016 Environ. Res. Lett. 11 034009) adds to a growing number of studies showing that warming over the past four decades has shifted the distribution of temperatures higher almost everywhere, with the largest relative effects on summer temperatures in developing regions such as Africa, South America, southeast Asia, and the Middle East (e.g., Diffenbaugh and Scherer 2011 Clim. Change 107 615-24 Anderson 2011 Clim. Change 108 581; Mahlstein et al 2012 Geophys. Res. Lett. 39 L21711). Hansen and Sato emphasize that although these regions are warming disproportionately, their role in causing climate change—measured by cumulative historical CO2 emissions produced—is small compared to the US and Europe, where the relative change in temperatures has been less. This spatial and temporal mismatch of climate change impacts and the burning of fossil fuels is a critical dislocation of interests that, as the authors note, has 'substantial implications for global energy and climate policies.' Here, we place Hansen and Sato's 'national responsibilities' into a broader conceptual framework of problematically dislocated interests, and briefly discuss the related challenges for global climate mitigation efforts.
Formation of disorientations in dislocation structures during plastic deformation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Pantleon, W.
Disorientations developing during plastic deformation in dislocation structures are investigated. Based on expected mechanisms for the formation of different types of dislocation boundaries (statistical trapping of dislocations or differently activated slip systems) the formation of the disorient...
Mooney, Brianne; Vitale, Ashley; Apergis, Demitra; Wirth, Stephen; Grossman, Mark G.
ABSTRACT Background The incidence of patellar subluxation or dislocation has been documented up to 43/100,000 with females more prevalent then males. There are many contributing factors involving the hip, knee, and ankle that lead to patellar subluxation. A patellar position of lateral tilt with lateral glide may indicate weakness of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and adductors, increased tightness in the iliotibial band, and overpowering of the vastus lateralis. Patella alta can predispose an individual to lateral dislocation due to the patella placement outside of the femoral trochlear groove with a disadvantage of boney stability. Other factors that may cause the patella to laterally sublux or dislocate during a functional activity or sporting activity include a position of femoral external rotation, tibial internal rotation, and excessive contraction of the vastus lateralis. The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) aids in the prevention of a lateral patellar subluxation or dislocation. In cases where there is recurrent subluxation/dislocation and Magnetic Resonance Imaging confirms a MPFL tear, a reconstruction may be the treatment of choice. Purpose The purpose of this case series is to describe the post-surgical physical therapy management of MPFL reconstructions, outcomes using the Modified Cincinnati Knee Outcome Measure (MCKOM) and to propose staged physical therapy interventions for this pathology in the form of a treatment progression. Methods Post-operative management data and outcomes were retrospectively collected using a detailed chart review methodology from seven subjects who underwent MPFL reconstruction. Findings The Modified Cincinnati Knee Outcome Measure (MCKOM) was analyzed for each participant in four sections that were most important to the return and maintenance of participation in sport. At follow-up the mean scores for the seven subjects in Section 3 (instability) was 19.3/20, Section 4 (overall activity level) was 17.3/20, Section
Total Knee Replacement for Women
Full Text Available ... ll be moderating a Zimmer Gender Solutions total knee, performed by my partner, Dr. Ken Gustke. At ... I'm going to be doing a total knee replacement utilizing the Gender Flex implants on a ...
... Knee Pain and the Weekend Warriors (OR-Live) - Mercy Hospital, Miami, FL, 3/17/2009 Also in ... 2012 Small Incision Total Knee Arthroplasty (OR-Live) - Mercy Hospital, Miami, FL, 3/01/2011 Also in ...
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... ligaments well balanced, that almost any knee will work. But if we'll maximize and think about ... and cam design which allow this knee to work will in high flexion without the threat of ...
Evaluation of mobile dislocation density based on distribution function of dislocation segments
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
周志敏; 孙艳蕊; 周海涛
A function is offered to represent the distribution of reduced length of dislocation segments. The segment distribution of materials, e. g. , MgO and Cu, can be well described by taking appropriate values of parametersm and n. Based on this function, a model for evaluating the mobile dislocation density is developed. Provided the total dislocation density and applied stress are known, the mobile dislocation density could be readily assessed by using this model. For pure copper the mobile dislocation density and strain rates at deferent strains are evaluated. The calculated results are consistent with the known experimental data.
Dislocation-Free Czochralski Silicon Crystal Growth without the Dislocation-Elimination-Necking Process
Hoshikawa, Keigo; Huang, Xinming; Taishi, Toshinori; Kajigaya, Tomio; Iino, Takayuki
Dislocation-free silicon crystals have been grown successfully from heavily-boron-doped silicon melts by the Czochralski method without the dislocation-elimination-necking process (Dash neck). A dislocation-free silicon seed of orientation with a boron concentration of about 4×1019 atoms/cm3 was used to grow a silicon crystal with the same boron concentration. No dislocation was generated in the seed during the dipping process, and no misfit dislocation occurred in the grown crystal. These results show that shoulder and body growth can be started immediately after the seeding process.
Dislocation pinning effects on fracture behavior: Atomistic and dislocation dynamics simulations
Noronha, S. J.; Farkas, D.
We introduce an approach in which results from atomistic simulations are combined with discrete dislocation dynamics simulations of crack-tip plasticity. The method is used to study the effects of dislocation pinning due to grain boundaries or secondary particles on the fracture behavior of aluminum. We find that the fracture resistance is reduced with decreasing pinning distance. The results show that the pinning of the dislocations causes a net decrease in the shear stress projected on the slip plane, preventing further dislocation emission. Semibrittle cleavage occurs after a certain number of dislocations is emitted.
The functional results of treatment of perilunate dislocations with volar approach and K-wires fixation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hakan Basar
Conclusion: Perilunate dislocations are rare and severe wrist injuries. Acute perilunate dislocations are usually relatively easy to reduce however carpal collaps and post-travmatic arthritis are seen usually during late period.Because of this open reduction and internal fixation technique is used to prevent carpal collaps and post-travmatic arthritis and to facilitate anatomic reduction.Our results show that open reduction and internal fixation with K-wire can restore affectively normal carpal relationship, providing acceptable grip strength and functional motion,also carpal collaps and post-travmatic arthritis were prevented. [Hand Microsurg 2012; 1(1.000: 17-21
Type IV acromioclavicular joint dislocation associated with a mid-shaft clavicle malunion
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Khalid D Mohammed
Full Text Available This reports presents the case of a combined clavicle fracture malunion and chronic Type IV acromioclavicular (AC joint dislocation. The patient was seen acutely in the emergency department following a mountain bike accident at which time the clavicle fracture was identified and managed conservatively however the AC dislocation was not diagnosed. The patient presented 25 months following the injury with persistent pain and disability and was treated with clavicle osteotomy and AC stabilization. We document the clinical details, surgical treatment and outcome.
Type IV acromioclavicular joint dislocation associated with a mid-shaft clavicle malunion.
Mohammed, Khalid D; Stachiw, Danielle; Malone, Alex A
This reports presents the case of a combined clavicle fracture malunion and chronic Type IV acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation. The patient was seen acutely in the emergency department following a mountain bike accident at which time the clavicle fracture was identified and managed conservatively however the AC dislocation was not diagnosed. The patient presented 25 months following the injury with persistent pain and disability and was treated with clavicle osteotomy and AC stabilization. We document the clinical details, surgical treatment and outcome. PMID:26980988
Dislocation generation during early stage sintering.
Sheehan, J. E.; Lenel, F. V.; Ansell, G. S.
Discussion of the effects of capillarity-induced stresses on dislocations during early stage sintering. A special version of Hirth's (1963) theoretical calculation procedures modified to describe dislocation nucleation on planes meeting the sintering body's neck surface obliquely is shown to predict plastic flow at stress levels know to exist between micron size metal particles in the early stages of sintering.
Simulations of dislocation dynamics in aluminum interconnects
Nicola, L; Van der Giessen, E; Needleman, A; Zavaliangos, A; Tikare,; Olevsky, EA
A discrete dislocation simulation of plastic deformation in metallic interconnects caused by thermal stress is carried out. The calculations are carried out using a two dimensional plane strain formulation with only edge dislocations. A boundary value problem is formulated and solved for the evoluti
Statistics of dislocation pinning at localized obstacles
Dutta, A.; Bhattacharya, M.; Barat, P.
Pinning of dislocations at nanosized obstacles like precipitates, voids, and bubbles is a crucial mechanism in the context of phenomena like hardening and creep. The interaction between such an obstacle and a dislocation is often studied at fundamental level by means of analytical tools, atomistic simulations, and finite element methods. Nevertheless, the information extracted from such studies cannot be utilized to its maximum extent on account of insufficient information about the underlying statistics of this process comprising a large number of dislocations and obstacles in a system. Here, we propose a new statistical approach, where the statistics of pinning of dislocations by idealized spherical obstacles is explored by taking into account the generalized size-distribution of the obstacles along with the dislocation density within a three-dimensional framework. Starting with a minimal set of material parameters, the framework employs the method of geometrical statistics with a few simple assumptions compatible with the real physical scenario. The application of this approach, in combination with the knowledge of fundamental dislocation-obstacle interactions, has successfully been demonstrated for dislocation pinning at nanovoids in neutron irradiated type 316-stainless steel in regard to the non-conservative motion of dislocations. An interesting phenomenon of transition from rare pinning to multiple pinning regimes with increasing irradiation temperature is revealed.
A Bilateral Traumatic Hip Obturator Dislocation
Karaarslan, Ahmet Adnan; Acar, Nihat; Karci, Tolga; Sesli, Erhan
A case of a bilateral simultaneous traumatic obturator dislocation of both hip joints in an 18-year-old young man following a traffic accident is presented. We reduced the dislocated femoral heads immediately under general anesthesia followed by passive and active exercises and early full-weight bearing mobilization. After 5 years, the result was excellent. PMID:26977327
Developmental Dislocation (Dysplasia) of the Hip (DDH)
.org Developmental Dislocation (Dysplasia) of the Hip (DDH) Page ( 1 ) The hip is a "ball-and-socket" joint. In a normal hip, the ball at the ... American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. .org Developmental Dislocation (Dysplasia) of the Hip cont. • Family history of DDH (parents or siblings) • ...
Interactions between Dislocations and Grain Boundaries
Soer, Wouter Anthon
Dislocations (line defects) and grain boundaries (planar defects) are two types of lattice defects that are crucial to the deformation behavior of metals. Permanent deformation of a crystalline material is microscopically associated with the nucleation and propagation of dislocations, and extensive
Double Dislocation of Interphalangeal Joints Accompanied with Contralateral Shoulder Dislocation: A Case Report.
Raval, Pradyumna Ramchandra; Jariwala, Arpit
Dislocation of any joint is an orthopaedic emergency and needs immediate attention by the attending physician. A delay in reducing a dislocated joint can lead to disastrous complications both immediately as well as in the long run. Although anterior dislocation of a shoulder joint is by far the commonest dislocation encountered by any emergency care physician, other joints may also get dislocated. In certain cases two joints may get dislocated simultaneously. Such dislocation is known as a double dislocation. Double dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint and the distal interphalangeal joint in the same finger is a rare injury. High impact loading at the fingertip is the primary cause in most cases and it is often associated with younger individuals playing contact sports. The right little finger is the digit commonly involved and this injury is evident in football players more often than not. Although closed reduction is a preferred treatment, it may not be always successful. Time of presentation, tendon interposition, associated swelling and co-existent phalangeal fractures are certain key impediments to a successful closed reduction manoeuvre. In patients with an open injury, a thorough wash out and appropriate antibiotic cover is mandatory. We report a rare case of double dislocation of the interphalangeal joints accompanied with contralateral shoulder dislocation in an elderly man sustained after a fall which was treated successfully with closed reduction and early mobilization. PMID:27028386
Isolated Dislocation of Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
Oktay, Alper; Baysal, Ozgur; Ecevız, Engin; Elmalı, Nurzat
Objectives: Proximal tibiofibular joint luxation is very rare condition and usually missed in the ED. The aim of the study is if a patient is brought to ED with knee injury, we should keep in mind this pathology. Methods: A 23 year old man was admitted to emergency department with knee pain and restricted movement of the knee during the football match. Physical examination revealed mild swelling and limited ROM on his knee. We took AP and lateral X-rays immediately. We diagnosed the proximal ...
Dislocation patterning in a two-dimensional continuum theory of dislocations
Groma, István; Zaiser, Michael; Ispánovity, Péter Dusán
Understanding the spontaneous emergence of dislocation patterns during plastic deformation is a long standing challenge in dislocation theory. During the past decades several phenomenological continuum models of dislocation patterning were proposed, but few of them (if any) are derived from microscopic considerations through systematic and controlled averaging procedures. In this paper we present a two-dimensional continuum theory that is obtained by systematic averaging of the equations of motion of discrete dislocations. It is shown that in the evolution equations of the dislocation densities diffusionlike terms neglected in earlier considerations play a crucial role in the length scale selection of the dislocation density fluctuations. It is also shown that the formulated continuum theory can be derived from an averaged energy functional using the framework of phase field theories. However, in order to account for the flow stress one has in that case to introduce a nontrivial dislocation mobility function, which proves to be crucial for the instability leading to patterning.
A nonsingular solution of the edge dislocation in the gauge theory of dislocations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A (linear) nonsingular solution for the edge dislocation in the translational gauge theory of defects is presented. The stress function method is used and a modified stress function is obtained. All field quantities are globally defined and the solution agrees with the classical solution for the edge dislocation in the far field. The components of the stress, strain, distortion and displacement fields are also defined in the dislocation core region and they have no singularity there. The dislocation density, moment and couple stress for an edge dislocation are calculated. The solutions for the stress and strain fields obtained here are in agreement with those obtained by Gutkin and Aifantis through an analysis of the edge dislocation in the strain gradient elasticity. Additionally, the relation between the gauge theory and Eringen's so-called nonlocal theory of dislocations is given
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... the NexGen® LPS-Flex Mobile and LPS-Mobile Bearing Knees March 5, 2009 Welcome to this "OR ... MIS total knee arthroplasty with the Zimmer mobile bearing knee. We invite all of you who have ...
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... NexGen® LPS-Flex Mobile and LPS-Mobile Bearing Knees March 5, 2009 Welcome to this "OR Live" ... re going to be doing an MIS total knee arthroplasty with the Zimmer mobile bearing knee. We ...
Getting your home ready - knee or hip surgery
... Hip joint replacement Knee arthroscopy Knee joint replacement Knee microfracture surgery Patient Instructions ACL reconstruction - discharge Hip fracture - discharge Hip or knee replacement - after - what to ...
Does post-operative knee awareness differ between knees in bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasty?
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nielsen, Katrine Abildgaard; Thomsen, Morten Grove; Latifi Yaghin, Roshan;
awareness) with decreasing knee awareness for decreasing tibio-femoral angles. Post-operative alignment did not significantly affect FJS. CONCLUSION: Knee awareness did not differ significantly between the "best" and the "worst" knee. Bilateral simultaneous TKA can be performed without compromising the...
Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy for Anterior Knee Pain
Bonasia, Davide; Rosso, Federica; Cottino, Umberto; Governale, Giorgio; Cherubini, Valeria; Dettoni, Federico; Bruzzone, Matteo; Rossi, Roberto
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term radiological and clinical outcomes of tibial tubercle osteotomy in patients affected by anterior knee pain. In addition, prognostic factors correlated with the outcomes were evaluated. Methods: The patients treated with tibial tubercle osteotomy (anteromedialization) for anterior knee pain between 2002 and 2014 were included. Exclusion criteria: 1) previous knee surgeries; 2) different procedures to treat anterior knee pain; 3) history of patellar dislocation, 4) Rheumatic conditions. Different variables were collected, as shown in. The patients were prospectively evaluated using the WOMAC short form and Kujala scores. An objective evaluation was performed looking for different potential risk factors and using part of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. Radiological evaluation was performed, including the congruence angle, the grade of osteoarthritis (Kellegren-Lawrence) and the patellar tilt angle. Three main outcomes were identified. The multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between the variables and a worse outcome. Results: 72 cases were included in the study (9 bilateral). 72.2% of the cases were female, and the average age was 42,2 years (SD15,9). The average BMI was 24.4 kg/m2 (SD5,2). In 70.8% of patients a lateral release was associated to the tibial tubercle osteotomy. 77.8% of patients were evaluated clinically, the remaining, who were unable to come for the visits, were interviewed and the subjective scores were administered by phone. The average follow-up was 68.4 months (SD35.5).In 62.5% of cases a valgus lower limb alignment was detected, with 25% and 39.3% of patients having respectively an increased femoral antiversion and foot pronation. Post-operatively there was a statistical significant improvement in all the scores. No differences in the pre-operative and post-operative congruence angle or patellar tilt were detected (p>0.05). All
Surgical versus non-surgical management for primary patellar dislocations: an up-to-date meta-analysis.
Zheng, Xiaozuo; Kang, Kai; Li, Tong; Lu, Bo; Dong, Jiangtao; Gao, Shijun
The aim of this up-to-date meta-analysis was to compare the effects of surgical versus non-surgical treatment of patients following primary patellar dislocation and to provide the best evidence currently available. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple databases, including Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Registry of Clinical Trials. All databases were searched from the earliest records to May 2013. Eligible studies were selected, and data were extracted by two independent investigators. The primary outcome variable was the frequency of recurrent patellar dislocation. The other outcomes included knee function scores, patient-rated outcomes, and radiographic examination. If appropriate, meta-analysis of these variables was performed. Nine independent trials were found to match the inclusion criteria. The pooled results demonstrated that the incidence of recurrent patellar dislocation and Hughston visual analog scale was significantly lower in the surgical treatment group than that in the non-surgical treatment group (P 0.05). This up-to-date meta-analysis indicates that surgical treatment was associated with a lower risk of recurrent patellar dislocation, but a lower Hughston VAS than non-surgical treatment for primary patellar dislocation. More large high-quality trials and further studies are needed to overcome the limitations of small sample sizes, and varieties of different surgical procedures or non-surgical management strategies adopted in the included trials.
Use of computed tomography to determine the risk of patellar dislocation in 921 patients with patellar instability
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Schueda MA
Full Text Available Marco Antonio Schueda,1 Diego Costa Astur,2 Rodrigo Schueda Bier,3 Debora Schueda Bier,4 Nelson Astur,5 Moisés Cohen2 1Serviço de Pós Graduação em Cirurgia do Joelho e Artroscopia do IOT e Traumasports de Joinville, Joinville, Santa Catarina, 2Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, 3Serviço de Cirurgia do Joelho e Artroscopia do IOT e Traumasports de Joinville, Joinville, Santa Catarina, 4Pontifícea Universidade Católica, Curitiba, 5Faculdade de Ciencias Médicas da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Abstract: The purpose of this research was to identify reliable tomographic measurements that can detect patellofemoral abnormality and allow quantification of the risk of patellar dislocation in patients with potential patellar instability. A cross-sectional study in 921 patients with anterior pain or knee instability of at least 6 months' duration was conducted from July 2001 to December 2009. All subjects were clinically evaluated and underwent radiography and computed tomography of their knees. According to their degree of dislocating patellar dysplasia, the subjects were classified into groups for statistical comparison. There was a statistically significant difference in all measurements when the groups were compared, except for external tibial torsion angle. The most sensitive and specific measurements for determining patellar instability were the trochlear groove angle, tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance, average patellar tilt, and average patellar height. Patients with potential patellar instability, increased tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance, and patellar height, tilt, and deviation measurements had a greater risk for patellar dislocation. The clinical relevance of this study is to determine measurements that are able to tell us about patellar dislocation risk. Keywords: patellofemoral instability, knee, patellofemoral syndrome
Chronic Lymphedema of the Lower Limb: A Rare Cause of Dislocation of Total Hip Arthroplasty.
Vaishya, Raju; Agarwal, Amit Kumar; Gupta, Nishint; Vijay, Vipul
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a patient with chronic lymphedema of both lower limbs is rarely reported in the literature. Chronic lymphedema is a challenging condition associated with various complications especially in a patient with THA. However, dislocation of the total hip prosthesis due to acute exacerbation of lower limb swelling in the postoperative period is an extremely rare complication. The cause that led to the dislocation of the prosthesis is intricate and difficult to assess, as this has not been discussed in the literature yet. We believe that the excessive weight of the limb due to chronic lymphedema had a deleterious effect on the biomechanics of total hip prosthesis, thereby increasing the tendency for dislocation. This case illustrates that chronic lymphedema of the lower limb should be dealt with aggressively using various modalities like intermittent pneumatic compression pumps and compression stockings after THA in such patients. PMID:27226940
Arthrography in sport injuries of the knee joint
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The arthrography is one of the most important diagnostic methods of sport injuries of the knee joint. The examination must give an exact information to the surgeon; a good technique and standard X-rays are an absolute postulate. The submitted examinations are based on 6687 arthrographies during a period of 5 years. The arthrography should not be carried out before the acute symptomatology has ceased, usually after an interval of 2-3 weeks. Most frequently are the meniscus injuries by rotary traumas of the knee-joint. Football as the most popular sport is responsible for more than 50% of the injuries, followed by skiing, handball and jogging. (orig.)
Evolution, Interaction, and Intrinsic Properties of Dislocations in Intermetallics: Anisotropic 3D Dislocation Dynamics Approach
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chen, Qian [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
The generation, motion, and interaction of dislocations play key roles during the plastic deformation process of crystalline solids. 3D Dislocation Dynamics has been employed as a mesoscale simulation algorithm to investigate the collective and cooperative behavior of dislocations. Most current research on 3D Dislocation Dynamics is based on the solutions available in the framework of classical isotropic elasticity. However, due to some degree of elastic anisotropy in almost all crystalline solids, it is very necessary to extend 3D Dislocation Dynamics into anisotropic elasticity. In this study, first, the details of efficient and accurate incorporation of the fully anisotropic elasticity into 3D discrete Dislocation Dynamics by numerically evaluating the derivatives of Green's functions are described. Then the intrinsic properties of perfect dislocations, including their stability, their core properties and disassociation characteristics, in newly discovered rare earth-based intermetallics and in conventional intermetallics are investigated, within the framework of fully anisotropic elasticity supplemented with the atomistic information obtained from the ab initio calculations. Moreover, the evolution and interaction of dislocations in these intermetallics as well as the role of solute segregation are presented by utilizing fully anisotropic 3D dislocation dynamics. The results from this work clearly indicate the role and the importance of elastic anisotropy on the evolution of dislocation microstructures, the overall ductility and the hardening behavior in these systems.
Increasing preoperative dislocations and total time of dislocation affect surgical management of anterior shoulder instability
Denard, Patrick J.; Dai, Xuesong; Burkhart, Stephen S.
Purpose: Our purpose was to determine the relationship between number of preoperative shoulder dislocations and total dislocation time and the need to perform bone deficiency procedures at the time of primary anterior instability surgery. Our hypothesis was that need for bone deficiency procedures would increase with the total number and hours of dislocation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of primary instability surgeries performed by a single surgeon. Patients with 25% glenoid bone loss were treated with Latarjet reconstruction. Number of dislocations and total dislocation time were examined for their relationship with the treatment method. Results: Ten arthroscopic Bankart repairs, 13 arthroscopic Bankart plus remplissage procedures, and 9 Latarjet reconstructions were available for review. Total dislocations (P = 0.012) and total hours of dislocation (P = 0.019) increased from the Bankart, to the remplissage, to the Latarjet groups. Patients with a total dislocation time of 5 h or more were more likely to require a Latarjet reconstruction (P = 0.039). Patients with only 1 preoperative dislocation were treated with an isolated Bankart repair in 64% (7 of 11) of cases, whereas those with 2 or more dislocations required a bone loss procedure in 86% (18 of 21) of cases (P = 0.013). Conclusion: Increasing number of dislocations and total dislocation time are associated with the development of glenoid and humeral head bony lesions that alter surgical management of anterior shoulder instability. The necessity for the addition of a remplissage to an arthroscopic Bankart repair or the use of a Latarjet reconstruction increases with only 1 recurrent dislocation. Level of evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study. PMID:25709237
Anterior approach for knee arthrography
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Objective. To develop a new method of magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) of the knee using an anterior approach analogous to the portals used for knee arthroscopy.Design. An anterior approach to the knee joint was devised mimicking anterior portals used for knee arthroscopy. Seven patients scheduled for routine knee MRA were placed in a decubitus position and under fluoroscopic guidance a needle was advanced from a position adjacent to the patellar tendon into the knee joint. After confirmation of the needle tip location, a dilute gadolinium solution was injected.Results and conclusion. All the arthrograms were technically successful. The anterior approach to knee MRA has greater technical ease than the traditional approach with little patient discomfort. (orig.)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Craig J. Della Vale
Full Text Available A user- friendly reference for decision making in complicated cases of knee arthroplasty desingned in a question and answers format composed of articles containing current concepts and preferences of experts in total knee replacement surgery, enhanced by several images, diagrams and references and written in the form of a casual advice by Craig J. Della Vale, MD. and his collaborators. PURPOSE By this practical reference of knee arthroplasty, the editor and the contributors have aimed providing straightforward and brief answers, evidence-based advices, their preference and opinions containing current concepts for unanswered questions about complicated cases in total knee replacement surgery which are often controversial and not addressed clearly in traditional knee arthroplasty references. FEATURES There are 49 subjects each written by a different expert designed in 4 sections in a question and answers format including several images and diagrams and also essential references at the end of each article. In the first section preoperative questions is subjected including indications, unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee, patient with vascular problems, donating blood, bilateral arthroplasty, patellar resurfacing, range of motion, bearing surface, contraindications, teaching class for patients prior surgery. The second section is about intraoperative questions including skin incision, patella femoral maltracking, femoral component rotation, tibial component rotation, lateral release, femoral component sizing, flexion instability, varus deformity, and valgus deformity, tightness in extension, iatrogenic MCL injury, antibiotic-loaded cement, and perioperative pain. The third section subjects postoperative questions including wound drainage, preventing tromboembolic events, vascular complications, foot drop, manipulation under anesthesia, patella fractures, supracondylar femur fractures, acute extensor mechanism disruptions. In the fourth
Treatment of cervical dislocation with locked facets
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
YU Ze-sheng; James J.Yue; WEI Feng; LIU Zhong-jun; CHEN Zhong-qiang; DANG Geng-ting
Background Lower cervical dislocation with locked facets is common in cervical injury. The locked facets include unilateral and bilateral types. Different successful closed reduction rates has been achieved between unilateral and bilateral types by using rapid skull traction, which was commonly used to reduce the cervical dislocation. It is important to investigate a suitable management specific to patients with different types of cervical locked facets.Methods A total of 38 patients with cervical dislocation with locked facet due to cervical injury treated by rapid skull traction and operation from 1988 to 2005 were reviewed. Rapid skull traction was used in all the patients. Successful closed reduction rate was 88.0% in patients with bilateral cervical locked facets and that was 15.4% in those with unilateral cervical locked facets. These data were then statistically compared by Chi-square test. Patients who were reduced successfully underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion at the injured level, and those who failed in closed reduction received posterior open reduction and fixation.Results In this series, there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the rate of successful closed skull traction reduction between unilateral and bilateral locked facets dislocation. Unilateral cervical locked facets dislocation was not easily reduced by skull traction which was suitable for reduction of bilateral cervical locked facets dislocation. However,unilateral cervical locked facets dislocation can be reduced by posterior open reduction.Conclusions Unilateral cervical locked facets dislocation should be treated immediately with posterior open reduction and instrumentation. Bilateral cervical locked facets dislocation can be reduced by rapid skull traction firstly and anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion later.
Distribution of distances between dislocations in different types of dislocation substructures in deformed Cu-Al alloys
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Trishkina, L., E-mail: email@example.com; Zboykova, N.; Koneva, N., E-mail: email@example.com; Kozlov, E. [Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, 2 Solyanaya St., Tomsk, 634003 (Russian Federation); Cherkasova, T. [Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, 2 Solyanaya St., Tomsk, 634003 (Russian Federation); National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 50 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation)
The aim of the investigation was the determination of the statistic description of dislocation distribution in each dislocation substructures component forming after different deformation degrees in the Cu-Al alloys. The dislocation structures were investigated by the transmission diffraction electron microscopy method. In the work the statistic description of distance distribution between the dislocations, dislocation barriers and dislocation tangles in the deformed Cu-Al alloys with different concentration of Al and test temperature at the grain size of 100 µm was carried out. It was established that the above parameters influence the dislocation distribution in different types of the dislocation substructures (DSS): dislocation chaos, dislocation networks without disorientation, nondisoriented and disoriented cells, in the walls and inside the cells. The distributions of the distances between dislocations in the investigated alloys for each DSS type formed at certain deformation degrees and various test temperatures were plotted.
Alterations in walking knee joint stiffness in individuals with knee osteoarthritis and self-reported knee instability.
Gustafson, Jonathan A; Gorman, Shannon; Fitzgerald, G Kelley; Farrokhi, Shawn
Increased walking knee joint stiffness has been reported in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) as a compensatory strategy to improve knee joint stability. However, presence of episodic self-reported knee instability in a large subgroup of patients with knee OA may be a sign of inadequate walking knee joint stiffness. The objective of this work was to evaluate the differences in walking knee joint stiffness in patients with knee OA with and without self-reported instability and examine the relationship between walking knee joint stiffness with quadriceps strength, knee joint laxity, and varus knee malalignment. Overground biomechanical data at a self-selected gait velocity was collected for 35 individuals with knee OA without self-reported instability (stable group) and 17 individuals with knee OA and episodic self-reported instability (unstable group). Knee joint stiffness was calculated during the weight-acceptance phase of gait as the change in the external knee joint moment divided by the change in the knee flexion angle. The unstable group walked with lower knee joint stiffness (p=0.01), mainly due to smaller heel-contact knee flexion angles (pknee flexion excursions (pknee stable counterparts. No significant relationships were observed between walking knee joint stiffness and quadriceps strength, knee joint laxity or varus knee malalignment. Reduced walking knee joint stiffness appears to be associated with episodic knee instability and independent of quadriceps muscle weakness, knee joint laxity or varus malalignment. Further investigations of the temporal relationship between self-reported knee joint instability and walking knee joint stiffness are warranted.
Hypermobility and Knee Injuries.
Steiner, Mark E.
A review of research on the effect of hypermobility on knee injury indicates that greater than normal joint flexibility may be necessary for some athletic endeavors and that it may be possible to change one's underlying flexibility through training. However, for most athletes, inherited flexibility probably plays only a small role, if any, in…
Dislocations in SmS single crystals
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Single crystals of SmS with NaCl structure are grown by zone melting in a sealed molybdenum tube. Dislocations introduced during cleaving the crystal are investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The dislocations have Burgers vector of 1/2 and their glide plane is (11-bar0), i.e. the slip system is (11-bar0) as in alkali-halide NaCl-type crystals. The slip seems to be governed by the Peierls mechanism for the screw dislocation. (author)
Knee Power Is an Important Parameter in Understanding Medial Knee Joint Load in Knee Osteoarthritis
Calder, Kristina M; Acker, Stacey M; Arora, Neha; Beattie, Karen A.; Jack P. Callaghan; Jonathan D. Adachi; Maly, Monica R.
Objective To determine the extent to which knee extensor strength and power explain variance in knee adduction moment (KAM) peak and impulse in clinical knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Fifty-three adults (mean ± SD age 61.6 ± 6.3 years, 11 men) with clinical knee OA participated. The KAM waveform was calculated from motion and force data and ensemble averaged from 5 walking trials. The KAM peak was normalized to body mass (Nm/kg). The mean KAM impulse reflected the mean total medial knee lo...
肩锁关节脱位的诊断与治疗%Diagnosis and treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
黄高; 王金华; 孔建中
The acromioclavicular dislocation is a type of common shoulder athletic injury in clinic , and its incidence accounted for 12% of the local sites injuries. At present,The acute dislocation of Rockwood type I , II was recommended to be managed non -operatively, while acute dislocation of type IV, V and VI operatively. But there still exist controversial in the treatment of acute dislocation of type III. In this peper, the authors have reviewed the current status of treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation .%肩锁关节脱位是临床常见的肩部运动损伤.目前,临床认为Rockwood Ⅰ、Ⅱ型急性脱位应行非手术治疗,Ⅳ、V及Ⅵ型急性脱位应行手术治疗,但对Ⅲ型急性脱位是采取非手术治疗还是手术治疗仍存在争议.本文对肩锁关节脱位的治疗现状进行综述.
Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention of Late IOL-Capsular Bag Complex Dislocation: Review of the Literature
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Francisco J. Ascaso
Full Text Available Posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL subluxation is uncommon but represents one of the most serious complications following phacoemulsification. Late spontaneous IOL-capsular bag complex dislocation is defined as occurring three months or later following cataract surgery. Unlike early IOL dislocation, late spontaneous IOL dislocation is due to a progressive zonular dehiscence and contraction of the capsular bag many years what seemed to be uneventful surgery. In recent years, late in-the-bag IOL subluxation or dislocation has been reported with increasing frequency, having a cumulative risk of IOL dislocation following cataract extraction of 0.1% after 10 years and 1.7% after 25 years. A predisposition to zonular insufficiency and capsular contraction is identified in 90% of reviewed cases. Multiple conditions likely play a role in contributing to this zonular weakness and capsular contraction. Pseudoexfoliation is the most common risk factor, accounting for more than 50% of cases. Other associated conditions predisposing to zonular dehiscence are aging, high myopia, uveitis, trauma, previous vitreoretinal surgery, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes mellitus, atopic dermatitis, previous acute angle-closure glaucoma attack, and connective tissue disorders. The recognition of these predisposing factors suggests a modified approach in cases at risk. We review certain measures to prevent IOL-bag complex luxation that have been proposed.
Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention of Late IOL-Capsular Bag Complex Dislocation: Review of the Literature.
Ascaso, Francisco J; Huerva, Valentín; Grzybowski, Andrzej
Posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) subluxation is uncommon but represents one of the most serious complications following phacoemulsification. Late spontaneous IOL-capsular bag complex dislocation is defined as occurring three months or later following cataract surgery. Unlike early IOL dislocation, late spontaneous IOL dislocation is due to a progressive zonular dehiscence and contraction of the capsular bag many years what seemed to be uneventful surgery. In recent years, late in-the-bag IOL subluxation or dislocation has been reported with increasing frequency, having a cumulative risk of IOL dislocation following cataract extraction of 0.1% after 10 years and 1.7% after 25 years. A predisposition to zonular insufficiency and capsular contraction is identified in 90% of reviewed cases. Multiple conditions likely play a role in contributing to this zonular weakness and capsular contraction. Pseudoexfoliation is the most common risk factor, accounting for more than 50% of cases. Other associated conditions predisposing to zonular dehiscence are aging, high myopia, uveitis, trauma, previous vitreoretinal surgery, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes mellitus, atopic dermatitis, previous acute angle-closure glaucoma attack, and connective tissue disorders. The recognition of these predisposing factors suggests a modified approach in cases at risk. We review certain measures to prevent IOL-bag complex luxation that have been proposed. PMID:26798506
Mechanisms for decoration of dislocations by small dislocation loops under cascade damage conditions
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Trinkaus, H.; Singh, B.N.; Foreman, A.J.E.
In metals under cascade damage conditions, dislocations are frequently found to be decorated with a high density of small clusters of self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) in the form of dislocation loops, particularly during the early stages of the microstructural evolution in well annealed pure metals....... This effect may arise as a result of either (a) migration and enhanced agglomeration of single SIAs in the form of loops in the strain field of the dislocation or (b) glide and trapping of SIA loops (produced directly in the cascades) in the strain field of the dislocation, In the present paper, both...... of these possibilities are examined. It is shown that the strain field of the dislocation causes a SIA depletion in the compressive as well as in the dilatational region resulting in a reduced rather than enhanced agglomeration of SIAs. (SIA depletion may, however, induce enhanced vacancy agglomeration near dislocations...
Dislocation and void segregation in copper during neutron irradiation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Singh, Bachu Narain; Leffers, Torben; Horsewell, Andy
were distributed between these walls. The dislocation walls were practically free of voids and generally had a void-denuded zone along them. The density of dislocations (loops and segments) was very low in the region containing voids (i. e. between the dislocation walls). Even with this low dislocation...
A survival analysis of 1084 knees of the Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Bottomley, N.; Jones, L. D.; Rout, R.; Alvand, A.; Rombach, I.; Evans, T.; Jackson, W. F. M.; Beard, D. J.; Price, A. J.
Aims The aim of this to study was to compare the previously unreported long-term survival outcome of the Oxford medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) performed by trainee surgeons and consultants. Patients and Methods We therefore identified a previously unreported cohort of 1084 knees in 947 patients who had a UKA inserted for anteromedial knee arthritis by consultants and surgeons in training, at a tertiary arthroplasty centre and performed survival analysis on the group with revision as the endpoint. Results The ten-year cumulative survival rate for revision or exchange of any part of the prosthetic components was 93.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 86.1 to 100, number at risk 45). Consultant surgeons had a nine-year cumulative survival rate of 93.9% (95% CI 90.2 to 97.6, number at risk 16). Trainee surgeons had a cumulative nine-year survival rate of 93.0% (95% CI 90.3 to 95.7, number at risk 35). Although there was no differences in implant survival between consultants and trainees (p = 0.30), there was a difference in failure pattern whereby all re-operations performed for bearing dislocation (n = 7), occurred in the trainee group. This accounted for 0.6% of the entire cohort and 15% of the re-operations. Conclusion This is the largest single series of the Oxford UKA ever reported and demonstrates that good results can be achieved by a heterogeneous group of surgeons, including trainees, if performed within a high-volume centre with considerable experience with the procedure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;(10 Suppl B):22–7. PMID:27694512
Increasing preoperative dislocations and total time of dislocation affect surgical management of anterior shoulder instability
Denard, Patrick J.; Xuesong Dai; Burkhart, Stephen S.
Purpose: Our purpose was to determine the relationship between number of preoperative shoulder dislocations and total dislocation time and the need to perform bone deficiency procedures at the time of primary anterior instability surgery. Our hypothesis was that need for bone deficiency procedures would increase with the total number and hours of dislocation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of primary instability surgeries performed by a single surgeon. Patient...
A nonsingular solution of the edge dislocation in the gauge theory of dislocations
Lazar, Markus
A (linear) nonsingular solution for the edge dislocation in the translational gauge theory of defects is presented. The stress function method is used and a modified stress function is obtained. All field quantities are globally defined and the solution agrees with the classical solution for the edge dislocation in the far field. The components of the stress, strain, distortion and displacement field are also defined in the dislocation core region and they have no singularity there. The dislo...
Operative treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation: a new technique with suture anchors
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Zhang Jingwei
Full Text Available 【Abstract】Objective: To evaluate clinical outcome of suture anchors in strengthening both acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments in the surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with acute traumatic Rockwood III, IV and V dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint surgically treated at our institute between October 2010 and January 2012 were recruited. All patients underwent open reduction combined with suture anchors. Function was evaluated using the ConstantMurley shoulder score. Clinical and radiographic shoulder ratings were evaluated using Taft criteria at 3, 6 and 12 months. Results:Two cases with fixation loosening were not included in final statistical analysis. Other patients obtained full joint reposition on immediate postoperative radiographs. Follow-up was performed with an average of 15.6 months (range, 12-19. After early range of motion exercises, 96.2% of the patients (25/26 could abduct and elevate their shoulders more than 90 degrees within postoperative 3 months. There was no infection. Average Constant-Murley score was 96.3 points (range, 94-100 and mean Taft shoulder rating was 10.7 points (range, 8-12 at 12 months. Conclusion: The suture anchor is a relatively simple technique and can avoid screw removal which is helpful in reconstructing both acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments in acute traumatic acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Key words: Acromioclavicular joint; Dislocations; Surgery; Suture anchors
Stress Field of Straight Edge Dislocation in Magnetic Field
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LIU Zhao-long; HU Hai-yun; FAN Tian-you
To study the changes in mechanical properties of materials within magnetic fields and the motion of dislocations,stress fields of dislocation in magnetic field need to be calculated.The straight edge dislocation is of basic importance in various defects.The stress field of straight edge dislocation in an external static magnetic field is determined by the theory of elasticity and electrodynamics according to the Volterra dislocation model for continuous media.This reduces to the known stress field when the magnet field is zero.The results can be used for further study on the strain energy of dislocations and the interactions between dislocations in magnetic fields.
Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation: an American football injury
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Marker, L B; Klareskov, B
Posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint is uncommon, accounting for less than 0.1% of all dislocations. Since 1824 a little more than 100 cases have been reported, and the majority in the past 20 years. A review of published reports suggests that this injury is seen particularly in co...... in connection with American football. A typical case is described. The importance of this injury is that there is often a delay in diagnosis with potentially serious complications....
Hip dysplasia and congenital hip dislocation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lingg, G.; Nebel, G.; von Torklus, D.
In human genetics and orthopedics quite different answers have been given to the question of hereditary transmission and frequency of hip dysplasia in families of children with congenital hip dislocation. We therefore have made roentgenometric measurements of 110 parents of children with congenital hip dislocation. In 25% we found abnormal flat acetabulae, whereas 12% had pathologic deep hips. This may propose a new concept of morphology of congenital hip dysplasia.
Atomistic modeling of dislocation-interface interactions
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Wang, Jian [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Valone, Steven M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Beyerlein, Irene J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Misra, Amit [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Germann, T. C. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Using atomic scale models and interface defect theory, we first classify interface structures into a few types with respect to geometrical factors, then study the interfacial shear response and further simulate the dislocation-interface interactions using molecular dynamics. The results show that the atomic scale structural characteristics of both heterophases and homophases interfaces play a crucial role in (i) their mechanical responses and (ii) the ability of incoming lattice dislocations to transmit across them.
Spontaneous Knee Ankylosis through Heterotopic Ossification after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Samuel Boulezaz; Emmanuel Gibon; Philippe Loriaut; Laurent Casabianca; Romain Rousseau; Benjamin Dallaudiere; Hugues Pascal-Moussellard
This paper reports on a case of total ankylosis of the knee after a cruciate-sacrificing cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA). An 82-year-old female patient previously underwent primary TKA for osteoarthritis twenty years ago in our institution. She had recovered uneventfully and returned to her regular activities. There was no history of postsurgical trauma; however, she progressively lost knee range of motion. Radiographs revealed severe bridging heterotopic ossification.
Study of Imaging Pattern in Bone Marrow Oedema in MRI in Recent Knee Injuries and its Correlation with Type of Knee Injury
Sahoo, Kulamani; Saha, Pramod; Dodia, Jainesh Valjibhai; Raj, Vinay Rajappa; Bhairagond, Shweta Jagadish
Introduction The knee is a major weight bearing joint that provides mobility and stability during physical activity as well as balance while standing. If the knee is exposed to forces beyond its physiologic range, risk of injury to bone or soft tissue structures increases. A thorough understanding of knee injury patterns and their mechanisms may help in achieving more accurate assessment of injuries. Aim To identify imaging pattern in bone marrow oedema and to correlate the pattern of bone marrow oedema retrospectively with type of knee injury from clinical history. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was done on all patients referred to Krishna Hospital, Karad for MRI knee with history of recent (Dashboard injury in eight cases (5.8%), Hyperextension injury in four cases (2.9%), Lateral patellar dislocation in three cases (2.2%). In six cases (4.3%) no pattern of bone marrow contusion could be explained and was categorized as unclassified pattern. Conclusion Pivot shift pattern is most common contusion pattern and the most common type/mode of sports related injury. By analysing bone marrow contusion pattern, type/mode can be determined in most of the cases. By applying a biomechanical approach in MR interpretation, it is possible to detect lesions like ligament rupture and osseous contusion, to predict subtle but it might overlook important abnormalities. PMID:27190914
Empirical potential simulations of interstitial dislocation loops in uranium dioxide
Le Prioux, Arno; Fossati, Paul; Maillard, Serge; Jourdan, Thomas; Maugis, Philippe
Stoichiometric circular shaped interstitial dislocation loop energies are calculated in stoichiometric UO2 by empirical potential simulation. The Burgers vector directions studied are and . The main structural properties of each type of interstitial dislocation loop are determined, including stacking fault energy. Defect energies are compared and a maximum size for stable dislocation loops before transition to dislocation loops is given. A model of dislocation loop energy based on elasticity theory is then fitted on the basis of these simulation results.
Synovial haemangioma of the knee joint: an unusual cause of knee pain in a 14-month old girl
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Wen, D.W.; Rasheed, S. [KK Women' s and Children' s Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Singapore (Singapore); Tan, T.J. [Changi General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Singapore (Singapore)
We report a histologically proven case of synovial haemangioma of the knee in a 14-month old girl who presented to the emergency department with an acute 1-day history of refusing to weight-bear on the right leg and a preceding 3-week history of a right knee lump. Physical examination revealed a non-tender, soft lump over the lateral infrapatellar region. Radiographs revealed a poorly defined soft tissue density over the infrapatellar fat pad and a suprapatellar joint effusion. Ultrasound was used to confirm the presence of a vascular soft tissue mass compatible with a synovial haemangioma within the infrapatellar fat pad which showed both intra-articular and extra-articular extension. There was good correlation of the ultrasound findings with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), highlighting the potential clinical utility of ultrasound as an alternative imaging modality in establishing the pre-operative diagnosis and extent of a synovial haemangioma about the knee joint. (orig.)
Synovial haemangioma of the knee joint: an unusual cause of knee pain in a 14-month old girl
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We report a histologically proven case of synovial haemangioma of the knee in a 14-month old girl who presented to the emergency department with an acute 1-day history of refusing to weight-bear on the right leg and a preceding 3-week history of a right knee lump. Physical examination revealed a non-tender, soft lump over the lateral infrapatellar region. Radiographs revealed a poorly defined soft tissue density over the infrapatellar fat pad and a suprapatellar joint effusion. Ultrasound was used to confirm the presence of a vascular soft tissue mass compatible with a synovial haemangioma within the infrapatellar fat pad which showed both intra-articular and extra-articular extension. There was good correlation of the ultrasound findings with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), highlighting the potential clinical utility of ultrasound as an alternative imaging modality in establishing the pre-operative diagnosis and extent of a synovial haemangioma about the knee joint. (orig.)
Knee Pain and the Weekend Warriors
Full Text Available ... knees to allow these knees to do their job. These knees carry sometimes ten times body weight, ... that block in, and he does a great job with these blocks, we work together, at least ...
Manual khalifa therapy in patients with completely ruptured anterior cruciate ligament in the knee: First preliminary results from thermal imaging
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Gerhard Litscher
Full Text Available Background: This preliminary publication describes acute temperature effects after manual Khalifa therapy. Aims : The goal of this study was to describe temperature distribution and the effects on surface temperature of the knees and feet in patients with completely ruptured anterior cruciate ligament before and immediately after the manual therapy. Materials and Methods: Ten male patients were investigated with thermal imaging. An infrared camera operating at a wavelength range of 7.5-13 μm was used. Temperature was analyzed at three locations on both knees and in addition on both feet. Results: The study revealed that baseline temperature of the injured knee differed from that of the untreated control knee. After the therapy on the injured knee, the surface temperature was significantly increased on both knees (injured and control. There were no significant changes in the temperature of the feet. Conclusions: Further studies using continuous thermal image recording may help to explain the details concerning the temperature distribution.
Total hip arthroplasty in paralytic dislocation from poliomyelitis.
Laguna, Rafael; Barrientos, Jesús
This article presents a case of a patient with degenerative hip disease in paralytic dislocation by poliomyelitis. Poliomyelitis is an acute infection disease caused by a group of neurotrophic viruses, which has a special affinity by the anterior horns cells of the spinal cord and for certain motor nuclei of the brain stem. Paralysis is a flaccid type and characteristically paralysis is asymmetrical. It is said that the joints of the affected limb by poliomyelitis are protected from the development of osteoarthritis. Hip dislocation in poliomyelitis is an acquired deformity caused by flaccid paralysis and the resulting muscular imbalance. In young children, when the gluteus maximus and medius muscles are paralyzed and the hip flexors and adductors are of normal strength, eventual luxation of the hip is almost inevitable. Hip osteoarthritis in a limb with poliomyelitis is an unusual entity because these limbs do not support excessive loads. In patients who present with the residual effects of poliomyelitis including degenerative disease and hip dysplastic, surgery is one of the most difficult challenges faced by reconstructive surgeons. In such cases, surgeons should attempt to optimize the component position and choice, surgical approach, and soft tissue tensioning because stability of the prosthesis can be problematic. PMID:19292189
Arthrography of the knee joint
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Keyl, W.; Jaeger, M.
The standardized examination technique and the clinical problems of the arthrographic mehtod applied on the knee joint is explained by the results obtained in 3000 examinations. Whereas the accuracy of the knee-joint arthrography provides a high degree in cases of meniscus lesions, computer tomography presents in chondral and capsular ligament lesions, and sonography in popliteal cysts better diagnostic information; but in any case arthroscopy gains more and more importance in knee-joint diagnostics.
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A Sharma
Full Text Available Eccrine spiradenoma is an uncommon benign adnexal tumor of the eccrine sweat glands. Although it can occur at any age, it is most common in young adults without any sex predilection. Malignant transformation is rare, presenting as rapid increase in size of a long-standing lesion. Here, we report a case of eccrine spiradenoma in a 35-year-old man who presented with swelling over the right knee, with cytological atypia but no recurrence until date.
Epidemiological survey of orthopedic joint dislocations based on nationwide insurance data in Taiwan, 2000-2005
Yang Nan-Ping; Chen Hou-Chaung; Phan Dinh-Van; Yu I-Liang; Lee Yi-Hui; Chan Chien-Lung; Chou Pesus; Renn Jenn-Huei
Abstract Background The epidemiology of acute orthopedic dislocations is poorly understood. A nationwide database provides a valuable resource for examining this issue in the Taiwanese population. Methods A 6-year retrospective cohort study of 1,000,000 randomly-sampled beneficiaries from the year 2005 was used as the original population. Based on the hospitalized and ambulatory data, the concomitant ICD9-CM diagnosis codes and treatment codes were evaluated and classified into 8 and 3 major ...
Quantum dynamics of a single dislocation
de Gennes, Pierre-Gilles
We discuss the zero temperature motions of an edge dislocation in a quantum solid (e.g., He4). If the dislocation has one kink (equal in length to its Burgers vector b) the kink has a creation energy U and can move along the line with a certain transfer integral t. When t and U are of comparable magnitude, two opposite kinks can form an extended bound state, with a size l. The overall shape of the dislocation in the ground state is then associated with a random walk of persistence length l (along the line) and hop sizes b. We also discuss the motions of kinks under an applied shear stress σ: the glide velocity is proportional to exp(-σ*/σ), where σ* is a characteristic stress, controlled by tunneling processes. Mouvements quantiques d'une dislocation. On analyse le mouvement à température nulle d'une dislocation coin dans un solide quantique (He4). La dislocation peut avoir un cran (d'énergie U) dans son plan de glissement. Le cran peut avancer ou reculer le long de la dislocation par effet tunnel, avec une certaine intégrale de transfert t. Deux crans de signe opposé peuvent former un état lié. En présence d'une contrainte extérieure σ, la ligne doit avancer avec une vitesse ~exp(-σ*/σ) où σ* est une contrainte seuil, contrôlée par l'effet tunnel.
Do thigh circumference and mass changes alter knee biomechanics during walking?
Westlake, Carolyn G; Milner, Clare E; Zhang, Songning; Fitzhugh, Eugene C
Obese adults walk with different biomechanics compared to healthy weight adults. Previous studies have focused on knee biomechanics because they are associated with development and progression of osteoarthritis. Changes in thigh mass and circumference that occur as body weight increases may influence gait. The purpose of this study was to determine if increases in thigh mass and circumference alter gait biomechanics. For 20 healthy weight young adults (10 male and 10 female) knee kinematic, kinetic and gait temporospatial variables were collected using a three-dimensional motion capture system and a force platform during over ground walking. Data were collected during control, increased thigh mass, increased thigh circumference, and both increased mass and circumference conditions. Increases in thigh segment parameters reflected changes expected with a 10 point increase in body mass index. Step width was wider during the added circumference and combination conditions compared to the control condition. Increases in thigh circumference associated with obesity increase step width. This suggests the greater step width observed in obese adults compared to healthy weight adults is a result of the physical constraints introduced by their wider thigh segments. Peak knee flexion angle, peak knee extension moment, peak knee adduction angle, and peak knee abduction moment were similar in all conditions. Thus, acute changes in thigh segment parameters did not result in knee biomechanics suggestive of an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis.
Hybrid Dislocated Control and General Hybrid Projective Dislocated Synchronization for Memristor Chaotic Oscillator System
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Junwei Sun
Full Text Available Some important dynamical properties of the memristor chaotic oscillator system have been studied in the paper. A novel hybrid dislocated control method and a general hybrid projective dislocated synchronization scheme have been realized for memristor chaotic oscillator system. The paper firstly presents hybrid dislocated control method for stabilizing chaos to the unstable equilibrium point. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, general hybrid projective dislocated synchronization has been studied for the drive memristor chaotic oscillator system and the same response memristor chaotic oscillator system. For the different dimensions, the memristor chaotic oscillator system and the other chaotic system have realized general hybrid projective dislocated synchronization. Numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness of these methods.
Cosmetic effect of knee joint in a knee disarticulation prosthesis
de laat, Fred A.; van der Pluijm, Mark J.; van Kuijk, Annette A.; Geertzen, Jan H.; Roorda, Leo D.
Despite numerous advantages, knee disarticulations (KDs) are rarely performed because of the anticipated KD prosthesis fitting problems that include the positioning of the knee joint distally from the KD socket. This results in lengthening of the thigh and subsequent shortening of the shank. The obj
Posterior dislocation of the shoulder joint
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Thakker Tejas
Full Text Available Background: Posterior dislocation of shoulder is a rather uncommon injury that is often not diagnosed at the initial examination. However certain constant clinical signs may lead the examiner to suspect the presence of this condition. Even the routine antero-posterior roentgenogram may provide a few clues to diagnosis but the axillary view is mandatory to verify diagnosis. Material and methods : We report a series of 15 shoulders (14 patients with a locked posterior dislocation. Electric shock (7 patients, vehicular accident (4 patients and epileptic seizure (3 patients was causes of dislocation in these patients. The diagnosis was missed initially in 10 cases. An axillary radiograph confirmed the diagnosis in all. Treatment consisted of closed reduction, which was successful in 5, Neer′s modification of McLaughlin procedure (transfer of subscapularis in 6, hemireplacement arthroplasty in one shoulder and tuberosity fixation in one patient. Results : Follow-up ranged from 1 year to 4 years. Five patients had excellent, five good, two poor and one had fair result. Conclusion : Key to diagnosis is a high index of suspicion. The prognosis became less favorable and the therapeutic difficulties were found to be increased in direct proportion to the length of time, these lesions remain undiagnosed. With early recognisition of dislocation, prompt reduction is relatively easy. Surgical intervention is necessary for old unreduced posterior dislocations.
Use of cervical collar in temporomandibular dislocation.
Jaisani, Mehul R; Pradhan, Leeza; Sagtani, Alok
Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint represents 3 % of all reported dislocated joints. In the last 3 decades many cases of TMJ dislocation have been reported with a wide variety of treatment options ranging from non-surgical conservative approaches to open joint procedures. The question remains whether one method is superior to the others. Conservative treatments are still the option in this part of the continent due to financial constraints and as well as due to availability of skilled manpower. A variety of conservative techniques have been described for reducing dislocations, all of which require 10-14 days of immobilization of the jaw post reduction so as to prevent further episodes of dislocation. Immobilization of the jaw can be done in the form of barrel bandage, barton bandage, head chin cap or maxillomandibular fixation using arch bars. We suggest the use of a cervical collar as a form of post reduction immobilization technique to overcome the inherent disadvantages of conventional forms of immobilization techniques.
Salam: Of Dislocation, Marginality and Flexibility
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Efenita M. Taqueban
Full Text Available This paper reconstructs the life stories of residents of SalamCompound. The compound serves as entry point for many Muslim migrants who leave the southern Philippines. Salam is both a refuge and a halfway point. A sense of dislocation permeates the stories. Dislocation begins with the movement away from a homeland that is familiar and defining of identity. The dislocation is, in a sense, an escape, a desperate project to avoid armed conflict in the southern Philippines or a desperate enterprise in search of work.Salam is a halfway point for transients prospecting for overseas work, the staging area for a global labor exodus. The sense of dislocation is not unlike locating oneself in the margins, portrayed in the residents' negotiated identitiesand spaces, constantly challenged, implicitly regulated. Dislocation is also depicted as flexibility, portrayed by the residents making do and their everyday creative resistance and struggle in new locations in the city. Gathered throughethnographic method, the stories offer a glimpse into the lives of the residents of the compound, how they negotiate around social constructions of identities — resisting and accommodating internal and external forces that impinge ontheir lives, revealing a rich and poignant tapestry of family relations, community ironies and an ever-impinging world beyond its walls.
[Postoperative management of hip and knee endoprostheses].
Seitz, S; Rüther, W
Rheumatoid arthritis is often accompanied by massive destruction of the smaller and larger joints even with early therapy using antirheumatic drugs. In these cases total joint arthroplasty is the only surgical option, especially for the knee and hip joint. Knowledge of the specific disease-related postoperative characteristics is a prerequisite for the successful treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. As dislocation of the arthroplastic joint does not occur more often in rheumatoid arthritis, the risk of periprosthetic infection is increased due to the use of biologicals. Therefore, a perioperative optimization is obligatory. In order to facilitate independence in daily living physiotherapy in combination with aids such as arthritis crutches, gripping pliers or raised toilet seat need to be started as soon as possible after surgical treatment. To achieve this goal it is recommended to refer patients with inflammatory arthritis to inpatient rehabilitation facilities. With respect to the specific postoperative treatment after joint replacement the long-term results are comparable with those from patients with primary osteoarthritis.
Magnification bone scan of knees for knee pain evaluation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Knee pain is one of the common complaints of patients seen in our orthopedic clinic. Routine anterior and posterior views of whole body bone scan (WBBS) is often not sufficient in the evaluation of these patients. An ideal bone scan using pinhole collimator or single photon emission tomography (SPECT), however, is impractical and time consuming in busy nuclear medicine department with limited resources. Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess limited bone scan of knees with magnification (LNSKM) for knee pain evaluation. Technical aspect of LBSKM and diagnostic efficacy are discussed on this poster. Adult patients with knee pain were reffered for LBSKM from an orthopedic surgen specializing knees. Four hundred fifteen LBSKMs were performed since 1999. patients were given 740 MBq (20mCi) Tc-99m MDP intravenously and 3 hours later LBSKM was performed using a low energy high resolution parallel hole collimator and Siemens Orbitor camera. (Simens medical systems. Inc., Hoffman Estates, III., USA). Anterior view of the knees was taken for 5 min, without magnification and both lateral views of symptomatic knees were obtained with electronic magnification (1.25, upto 2.0) for 8 min each. Disease processes such as DJD, traumatic arthritis, P-F tendonitis, SONK, meniscus tear are detected and illustrated along with normal knee scan finding. We believe LBSKM may not be as good as SPECT or pinhole imaging of the knees in the evaluation of knee pain but superior to routine WBBS in the nuclear medicine department with limited resources of instrumentation and manpower
High dislocation density of tin induced by electric current
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Liao, Yi-Han; Liang, Chien-Lung; Lin, Kwang-Lung, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R. O. C (China); Wu, Albert T. [Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan, R. O. C (China)
A dislocation density of as high as 10{sup 17} /m{sup 2} in a tin strip, as revealed by high resolution transmission electron microscope, was induced by current stressing at 6.5 x 10{sup 3} A/ cm{sup 2}. The dislocations exist in terms of dislocation line, dislocation loop, and dislocation aggregates. Electron Backscattered Diffraction images reflect that the high dislocation density induced the formation of low deflection angle subgrains, high deflection angle Widmanstätten grains, and recrystallization. The recrystallization gave rise to grain refining.
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... female. The knee is a little -- I would grade it a one plus lax knee but it's ... I do not see problems with loss of blood supply in my patella and I don't ... I don't have problems with losing my blood supply of this patella. So this lady measured ...
Nikolic, O; Vanhoenacker, F. M.; Petrovic, K.; Vandenberk, P
A 38-year-old patient had undergone Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction after severe ACL injury in the past. He presented with decreased range of motion, anterior knee pain and inability to fully extend the knee. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed to assess the cause of extension loss.
Total Knee Replacement for Women
Full Text Available ... Ken, here's another question. "Do you utilize highly cross linked polyethylene for all your total knees or just in younger patients? I use the highly cross linked polyethylene in all the knees. I think ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Scott K. Lynn
Full Text Available Golf has the potential to keep people active well into their later years. Injuries to the target side knee have been reported in golfers, yet no mechanisms for these injuries have been proposed. The loads on the knee during the golf swing may be insufficient to cause acute injury, yet they may be a factor in the progression of overuse/degenerative conditions; therefore, research developing swing modifications that may alter loading of the knee is warranted. It has been suggested that the proper golf set-up position has the target-side foot externally rotated but no reasoning for this modification has been provided. Frontal plane knee moments have been implicated in many knee pathologies. Therefore, this study used a 3-dimensional link segment model to quantify the frontal plane knee moments during the golf swing in a straight (STR and externally rotated (EXT target-side foot position. Subjects were 7 collegiate golfers and knee moments were compared between conditions using repeated measures T-tests. The golf swing knee moment magnitudes were also descriptively compared to those reported for two athletic maneuvers (drop jump landing, side-step cutting and activities of daily living (gait, stair ascent. The EXT condition decreased the peak knee adduction moment as compared to the STR condition; however, foot position had no effect on the peak knee abduction moment. Also, the magnitude of the knee adduction moments during the two activities of daily living were 9-33% smaller than those experienced during the two different golfing conditions. The drop jump landing and golf swing knee moments were of similar magnitude (STR= - 5%, EXT= + 8%; however, the moments associated with side- step cutting were 50-71% larger than those on the target side knee during the golf swing. The loading of the target side knee during the golf swing may be a factor in the development and progression of knee pathologies and further research should examine ways of
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Elke Cumps
Full Text Available This prospective cohort study aims to assess the overall incidence of acute and overuse basketball injuries and identifies risk factors associated with ankle sprains and knee overuse injuries. In total, 164 senior players (23.7 years ± 7.0 of all levels of play, and including both men and women, participated voluntarily during one season. A total of 139 acute and 87 overuse injuries were reported, resulting in an overall injury incidence of 9.8 (8.5 to 11.1 per 1,000 hours. The incidence of acute injuries was 6.0/1,000 hours. Ankle sprains (n = 34 accounted for most acute injuries, and 52.9% of all players with ankle sprains reported a previous ankle sprain. Relative Risks (RR and Odds Ratio (OR with their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI were calculated to determine significant differences. Landing on an opponent's foot was the major inciting event, significantly more so than non contact mechanisms (RR=2.1 [95% CI: 1.0-4.2]. Acute knee injuries resulted in the highest playing absence (7 weeks 2 days ± 9 weeks 1 day. Overuse injury incidence was 3.8/1,000 hours. The knee (1.5/1,000 hours was the most common site. Forward players sustained less knee overuse injuries than players of all other playing positions, and significantly less than center players (OR=0.5 [95% CI: 0.2-0.9]. This study showed that ankle sprains and overuse knee injuries are the most common injuries in basketball, both accounting for 14.8%. Injury prevention programmes however should not concentrate on those injuries only, but might one to consider that acute knee injuries, in spite of the fact that they occur less frequently, also merit further research.
Rare Inferior Shoulder Dislocation (Luxatio Erecta
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Hakan Cift
Full Text Available Although shoulder dislocations have been seen very frequently, inferior dislocation of shoulder constitutes only 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations. We share our 4 patients with luxatio erecta and present their last clinical control. 2 male and 2 female Caucasian patients were diagnosed as luxatio erecta. Patients' ages were 78, 62, 65, and 76. All patients' reduction was done by traction-abduction and contour traction maneuver in the operating room. The patients had no symptoms and no limitation of range of motion of their shoulder at their last control. Luxatio erecta is seen rarely, and these patients may have neurovascular injury. These patients should be carefully examined and treated by the orthopaedic and traumatology surgeons.
Micromechanics and dislocation theory in anisotropic elasticity
Lazar, Markus
In this work, dislocation master-equations valid for anisotropic materials are derived in terms of kernel functions using the framework of micromechanics. The second derivative of the anisotropic Green tensor is calculated in the sense of generalized functions and decomposed into a sum of a $1/R^3$-term plus a Dirac $\\delta$-term. The first term is the so-called "Barnett-term" and the latter is important for the definition of the Green tensor as fundamental solution of the Navier equation. In addition, all dislocation master-equations are specified for Somigliana dislocations with application to 3D crack modeling. Also the interior Eshelby tensor for a spherical inclusion in an anisotropic material is derived as line integral over the unit circle.
Electron paramagnetic resonance at dislocations in germanium
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Pakulis, E.J.
The first observation of the paramagnetic resonance of electrons at dislocations in germanium single crystals is reported. Under subband gap optical excitation, two sets of lines are detected: four lines about the <111> axes with g/sub perpendicular to/ = 0.34 and g/sub parallel/ = 1.94, and 24 lines with g/sub perpendicular to/ = 0.73 and g/sub parallel/ = 1.89 about <111> axes with the six-fold 1.2/sup 0/ distortion. This represents the first measurement of the disortion angle of a dislocation dangling bond. The possibility that the distortion results from a Peierls transition along the dislocation line is discussed.
Successful Conservative Management of a Dislocated IUD
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Hasan Ali Inal
Full Text Available Background. Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs are widely utilized all over the world owing to their low cost and high efficacy. Uterine perforation is a rare complication that may occur at IUD insertion resulting in extrauterine location of the IUD. Traditionally, surgical removal of dislocated IUDs has been recommended. Case. A 68-year-old patient who had an IUD (Lippes loop inserted 32 years ago and whose routine examination incidentally revealed a dislocated IUD in the abdominal cavity. The patient remained asymptomatic during three years of follow-up and the IUD was left in place. Conclusion. Asymptomatic patients, whose vaginal examinations and ultrasonography or X-ray results reveal a dislocated IUD, may benefit from conservative management.
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Ravi B. Solanki
Full Text Available Arthrofibrosis following total knee arthroplasty is an uncommon complication defined as less than 80 degrees of knee flexion 6-8 weeks post operatively. It is characterized by abnormal scarring of the joint in which the formation of dense fibrous tissue and tissue metaplasia prevent normal range of motion. Clinical features include limited knee Range of motion with extension deficit, pain with activities of daily living and unusual amount of pain and swelling post operatively in the absence of infection, bleeding or mechanical complications. We present case of 55 years old female who undergone for total knee replacement before 3 months and presented to our department with complain of knee pain and swelling with activities of daily living. She was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination. Her detailed evaluation was carried out and Physiotherapy treatment was started.
MR findings in knee osteoarthritis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability. Recent advances in drug discovery techniques and improvements in understanding the pathophysiology of osteoarthritic disorders have resulted in an unprecedented number of new therapeutic agents. Of all imaging modalities, radiography has been the most widely used for the diagnosis and management of the progression of knee OA. Magnetic resonance imaging is a relatively recent technique and its applications to osteoarthritis have been limited. Compared with conventional radiography, MR imaging offers unparalleled discrimination among articular soft tissues by directly visualizing all components of the knee joint simultaneously and therefore allowing the knee joint to be evaluated as a whole organ. In this article we present the MR findings in knee OA including cartilage abnormalities, osteophytes, bone edema, subarticular cysts, bone attrition, meniscal tears, ligament abnormalities, synovial thickening, joint effusion, intra-articular loose bodies, and periarticular cysts. (orig.)
Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative knee
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Thorlund, Jonas Bloch; Juhl, C B; Roos, E M;
OBJECTIVE: To determine benefits and harms of arthroscopic knee surgery involving partial meniscectomy, debridement, or both for middle aged or older patients with knee pain and degenerative knee disease. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain and physical function...... and absent at one to two years after surgery. Knee arthroscopy is associated with harms. Taken together, these findings do not support the practise of arthroscopic surgery for middle aged or older patients with knee pain with or without signs of osteoarthritis. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD....... DATA SOURCES: Systematic searches for benefits and harms were carried out in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to August 2014. Only studies published in 2000 or later were included for harms. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING...
Total knee replacement for posttraumatic degenerative arthritis of the knee
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
WU Li-dong; XIONG Yan; YAN Shi-gui; YANG Quan-sen
Objective: To evaluate the results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with posttraumatic degenerative arthritis due to a previous fracture around the knee. Methods: We analyzed the results of 15 TKAs, performed from 1997 to 2003, in 15 patients with post-traumatic degenerative arthritis due to a previous fracture around knee. There were 3 women and 12 men with an average age of 58 years (range, 31-76 years). The time from fracture to arthroplasty averaged 8.2 years (range, 2-27 years). Internal fixation had previously been performed in 8 patients resulting in retained hardware. At the time of arthroplasty a femoral fracture malunion was present in two knees. Lateral retinacular release (4 knees), extensor mechanism realignment (1 knee) or medial collateral ligament reconstruction (1 knee) were needed at the time of arthroplasty. Results: Follow-up averaged 35 months (range, 12-73 months). No patient was lost for follow-up. According to the Knee Society Score scale, the mean preoperative knee score was 37 (range, 10-70) and functional score was 41 (range, 0-60). They were improved significantly to a mean of 84 (range, 10-100) and 76 (range, 20-100) points, respectively at the latest follow-up. The mean knee arc of motion were improved from 84° preoperation to 94° at the latest follow-up. Postoperative manipulation under anesthesia for poor motion was carried out in 4 knees. No knee had aseptic loosening that required subsequent revision. Two knees developed superficial infection and were treated with debridement. It subsequently recovered with the retention of components. Conclusions: Significant improvement in function and relief of pain has been achieved in patients with previous fractures undergoing subsequent TKA. However, this procedure is technically demanding and patients are at increased risk for restricted motion and need more care following TKA. This study suggests that the outcome of TKA may be improved further by making special efforts to
Dislocation filtering in GaN nanostructures.
Colby, Robert; Liang, Zhiwen; Wildeson, Isaac H; Ewoldt, David A; Sands, Timothy D; García, R Edwin; Stach, Eric A
Dislocation filtering in GaN by selective area growth through a nanoporous template is examined both by transmission electron microscopy and numerical modeling. These nanorods grow epitaxially from the (0001)-oriented GaN underlayer through the approximately 100 nm thick template and naturally terminate with hexagonal pyramid-shaped caps. It is demonstrated that for a certain window of geometric parameters a threading dislocation growing within a GaN nanorod is likely to be excluded by the strong image forces of the nearby free surfaces. Approximately 3000 nanorods were examined in cross-section, including growth through 50 and 80 nm diameter pores. The very few threading dislocations not filtered by the template turn toward a free surface within the nanorod, exiting less than 50 nm past the base of the template. The potential active region for light-emitting diode devices based on these nanorods would have been entirely free of threading dislocations for all samples examined. A greater than 2 orders of magnitude reduction in threading dislocation density can be surmised from a data set of this size. A finite element-based implementation of the eigenstrain model was employed to corroborate the experimentally observed data and examine a larger range of potential nanorod geometries, providing a simple map of the different regimes of dislocation filtering for this class of GaN nanorods. These results indicate that nanostructured semiconductor materials are effective at eliminating deleterious extended defects, as necessary to enhance the optoelectronic performance and device lifetimes compared to conventional planar heterostructures. PMID:20397703
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
The Eagle Books are a series of four books that are brought to life by wise animal characters - Mr. Eagle, Miss Rabbit, and Coyote - who engage Rain That Dances and his young friends in the joy of physical activity, eating healthy foods, and learning from their elders about health and diabetes prevention. Knees Lifted High gives children fun ideas for active outdoor play. Created: 8/4/2008 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP). Date Released: 8/5/2008.
Prosthetic knee design by simulation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hollerbach, K; Hollister, A
Although 150,000 total knee replacement surgeries are performed annually in North America, current designs of knee prostheses have mechanical problems that include a limited range of motion, abnormal gait patterns, patellofemoral joint dysfunction, implant loosening or subsidence, and excessive wear. These problems fall into three categories: failure to reproduce normal joint kinematics, which results in altered limb function; bone-implant interface failure; and material failure. Modern computer technology can be used to design, prototype, and test new total knee implants. The design team uses the full range of CAD-CAM to design and produce implant prototypes for mechanical and clinical testing. Closer approximation of natural knee kinematics and kinetics is essential for improved patient function and diminished implant loads. Current knee replacement designs are based on 19th Century theories that the knee moves about a variable axis of rotation. Recent research has shown, however, that knee motion occurs about two fixed, offset axes of rotation. These aces are not perpendicular to the long axes of the bones or to each other, and the axes do not intersect. Bearing surfaces of mechanisms that move about axes of rotation are surfaces of revolution of those axes which advanced CAD technology can produce. Solids with surfaces of revolution for the two axes of rotation for the knee have been made using an HP9000 workstation and Structural Ideas Master Series CAD software at ArthroMotion. The implant's CAD model should closely replicate movements of the normal knee. The knee model will have a range of flexion-extension (FE) from -5 to 120 degrees. Movements include varus, valgus, internal and external rotation, as well as flexion and extension. The patellofemoral joint is aligned perpendicular to the FE axis and replicates the natural joint more closely than those of existing prostheses. The bearing surfaces will be more congruent than current designs and should
Self-reported previous knee injury and low knee function increase knee injury risk in adolescent female football.
Clausen, M B; Tang, L; Zebis, M K; Krustrup, P; Hölmich, P; Wedderkopp, N; Andersen, L L; Christensen, K B; Møller, M; Thorborg, K
Knee injuries are common in adolescent female football. Self-reported previous knee injury and low Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) are proposed to predict future knee injuries, but evidence regarding this in adolescent female football is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported previous knee injury and low KOOS subscale score as risk factors for future knee injuries in adolescent female football. A sample of 326 adolescent female football players, aged 15-18, without knee injury at baseline, were included. Data on self-reported previous knee injury and KOOS questionnaires were collected at baseline. Time-loss knee injuries and football exposures were reported weekly by answers to standardized text-message questions, followed by injury telephone interviews. A priori, self-reported previous knee injury and low KOOS subscale scores (female football. PMID:26179111
Self-reported previous knee injury and low knee function increase knee injury risk in adolescent female football
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Clausen, M B; Tang, L; Zebis, M K;
Knee injuries are common in adolescent female football. Self-reported previous knee injury and low Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) are proposed to predict future knee injuries, but evidence regarding this in adolescent female football is scarce. The aim of this study...... was to investigate self-reported previous knee injury and low KOOS subscale score as risk factors for future knee injuries in adolescent female football. A sample of 326 adolescent female football players, aged 15-18, without knee injury at baseline, were included. Data on self-reported previous knee injury and KOOS...... with low KOOS subscale scores (self-reported previous knee injury and low scores in three KOOS subscales significantly increase the risk of future time-loss knee...
Elbow Dislocation with Complete Triceps Avulsion
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S. V. Karuppiah
Full Text Available Radio-ulnar Fracture dislocation of the elbow is a high-energy trauma which can be associated with significant ligamentous injury in adults. We report an unusual triad of injury in a patient with avulsion injury of the triceps. This injury can be thought of as a variant of "terrible triad" with dislocation of radio-ulnar joint, radial head fracture, and medial collateral ligament injury with avulsion of the triceps. Elbow has to be stabilized with early repair of the ligaments for a successful outcome.
Dislocation evolution with rheological forming of metal
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
It is known that some internal defects exist in metal materials. Preliminary attempt to relate dislo cation evolution with metal rheological forming was done. By the attempt, it is learned that the evolution of dislocation density p( x, y, t ) is essentially the change of n independent internal variables qα (α = 1, 2, …n ) with material. The preliminary research in theory and experiments showed that dislocations piling-up could be avoided. One can improve the internal microstructure and mechanical properties of products by rheological forming method.
Surgical hip dislocation: techniques for success.
Ricciardi, Benjamin F; Sink, Ernest L
Surgical hip dislocation (SHD) is a versatile approach used to address both intra-articular and extra-articular pathology around the hip joint in both pediatric and adult patients. It allows anterior dislocation of the femoral head for direct visualization of the hip joint while preserving femoral head vascularity and minimizing trauma to the abductor musculature. Previously described indications for SHD include femoroacetabular impingement, deformity resulting from Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, periarticular trauma, benign lesions of the hip joint, and osteochondral lesions. In this review, we will describe current surgical techniques, indications, and clinical outcomes for SHD. PMID:25207733
The MR diagnosis and clinical significance of bone contusion of knee
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Objective: To evaluate MRI in the diagnosis of the bone contusion of the knee .joint and its clinical significance. Methods: Using special coil for knee joint, coronal, sagittal, axial and oblique sagittal plane scanning with fast spin-echo sequence(T1WI, T2WI, PDWI + FS) was performed on knee joint in 205 patients in three days after injury. According the distributing bone marrow edema and injury mechanism, bone contusion were classified five types as pivot shift injury, clip injury, dashboard injury, hyperextension injury and lateral patellar dislocation. Results: One hundred and forty-five cases of the 205 patients were found bone marrow edema without fracture on X-ray films. Among them, pivot shift injury was found in 43 cases accompanied with anterior cruciate ligament rupture in 30 cases, tear of the posterior horn of the lateral or medial meniscus in 12 and tears of the medial collateral ligament in 8 cases; clip injury in 53 cases accompanied with anterior cruciate ligament rupture in 10 cases, tear of the posterior horn of the lateral or medial meniscus in 15 and tears of the medial collateral ligament in 38 cases; dashboard injury 40 cases accompanied with posterior cruciate ligament rupture in 16 cases, hyperextension injury. 9 cases accompanied with anterior cruciate ligament rupture in 2 cases, posterior cruciate ligament rupture in 3 cases. No lateral patellar dislocation was found. Forty-eight of 145 patients had undergone arthroscopy, 43 cases (89.6%) of them were in accordance with Mill diagnosis. Bone contusion were defined as geographic regions of abnormal signal intensity, that is, low signal intensity in T1-weighted images and high signal intensity in PD-weighted or T2-weigeted images with fat saturation. Conclusion: MRI can accurately display the location and area of bone contusion of the knee joint as well as its adjunctive structure injury and deduce their injury mechanism. MRI should be used routinely for knee trauma. (authors)
Prospective epidemiological study of basketball injuries during one competitive season: ankle sprains and overuse knee injuries.
Cumps, Elke; Verhagen, Evert; Meeusen, Romain
This prospective cohort study aims to assess the overall incidence of acute and overuse basketball injuries and identifies risk factors associated with ankle sprains and knee overuse injuries. In total, 164 senior players (23.7 years ± 7.0) of all levels of play, and including both men and women, participated voluntarily during one season. A total of 139 acute and 87 overuse injuries were reported, resulting in an overall injury incidence of 9.8 (8.5 to 11.1) per 1,000 hours. The incidence of acute injuries was 6.0/1,000 hours. Ankle sprains (n = 34) accounted for most acute injuries, and 52.9% of all players with ankle sprains reported a previous ankle sprain. Relative Risks (RR) and Odds Ratio (OR) with their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated to determine significant differences. Landing on an opponent's foot was the major inciting event, significantly more so than non contact mechanisms (RR=2.1 [95% CI: 1.0-4.2]). Acute knee injuries resulted in the highest playing absence (7 weeks 2 days ± 9 weeks 1 day). Overuse injury incidence was 3.8/1,000 hours. The knee (1.5/1,000 hours) was the most common site. Forward players sustained less knee overuse injuries than players of all other playing positions, and significantly less than center players (OR=0.5 [95% CI: 0.2-0.9]). This study showed that ankle sprains and overuse knee injuries are the most common injuries in basketball, both accounting for 14.8%. Injury prevention programmes however should not concentrate on those injuries only, but might one to consider that acute knee injuries, in spite of the fact that they occur less frequently, also merit further research. Key pointsAnkle sprains are the most common acute injuries in basketball with the inciting event being landing on an opponent's foot or changing direction.Anterior knee pain is the most common overuse injury. Etiologic factors are well described in literature, but prevention strategies are lacking.Acute knee injuries account for the
Ipsilateral open anterior hip dislocation and open posterior elbow dislocation in an adult
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kumar Sunil
Full Text Available 【Abstract】Open anterior dislocation of the hip is a very rare injury, especially in adults. It is a hyperabduction, external rotation and extension injury. Its combination with open posterior dislocation of the elbow has not been described in English language-based medical literature. Primary resuscitation, debridement, urgent reduction of dislocation, and adequate antibiotic support resulted in good clinical outcome in our patient. At 18 months follow-up, no signs of avascular necrosis of the femoral head or infection were observed.
Ipsilateral open anterior hip dislocation and open posterior elbow dislocation in an adult
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Sunil Kumar; Akhilesh Rathi; Sunil Sehrawat; Vikas Gupta; Jatin Talwar; Sumit Arora
Open anterior dislocation of the hip is a very rare injury,especially in adults.It is a hyperabduction,external rotation and extension injury.Its combination with open posterior dislocation of the elbow has not been described in English language-based medical literature.Primary resuscitation,debridement,urgent reduction of dislocation,and adequate antibiotic support resulted in good clinical outcome in our patient.At 18 months followup,no signs of avascular necrosis of the femoral head or infection were observed.
Operative treatment for cervical fracture and dislocation with blunt unilateral vertebral artery injury
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
JIANG Tao; REN Xian-jun; WANG Wei-dong; ZHANG Xia; LI Chang-qing; HAO Yong
Objective: To investigate risks and clinical effects of operative treatment for cervical vertebral fracture and dislocation associated with unilateral vertebral artery injury.Methods: This group consisted of 76 cases of closed cervical spine trauma combined with unilateral vertebral artery injury (23 cases of bilateral facet dislocation, 28 unilateral facet dislocation and 25 fracture). All patients underwent prospective examination of cervical spine MRI and vertebral artery two-dimensional time-of-flight (2D TOF)magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and anterior cervical decompression. The healthy vertebral artery paths were evaluated before the surgery, and were protected during the surgery according to the anatomical signs.Results: There were no acute or chronic clinical damage symptoms in 76 cases after surgery. No neural damage symptoms were observed in patients with normal neural functions. The neural functions of incomplete paralyzed patients were improved in different grades.Conclusions: Reliable anterior operation can produce good results for cervical fracture and dislocation with unilateral vertebral artery injury. Detecting the course of uninjured vertebral artery before operation and locating the anatomical site during operation are effective to avoid damaging vertebral artery of uninjured side.
Isolated dislocation of the posterior tibial tendon in an amateur snowboarder: a case report.
Gambardella, Gabriel V; Donegan, Ryan; Caminear, David S
Isolated dislocation of the posterior tibial tendon is an uncommon pathologic entity that typically occurs in the setting of acute trauma. The diagnosis remains challenging and is often delayed second to the rarity of the injury and symptoms similar to that of medial ankle sprains and other routinely diagnosed injuries about the ankle. The factors that predispose this tendon to dislocation include a hypoplastic retromalleolar groove, flexor retinaculum insufficiency, chronic repetitive trauma, and a structural abnormality from a previous medial malleolar fracture, or a combination thereof. Dislocation has also been cited as a complication of multiple local steroid injections and tarsal tunnel release. The mechanism of injury appears to involve forced dorsiflexion and eversion of the ankle when the posterior tibial tendon is contracted. Most cases do not respond well to conservative treatment and will require surgery to restore function and eliminate symptoms. We report a case of posterior tibial tendon dislocation related to a snowboarding injury and offer our technique for surgical correction. PMID:24361009
Pilot Study to Determine Accuracy of Posterior Approach Ultrasound for Shoulder Dislocation by Novice Sonographers
Lahham, Shadi; Becker, Brent; Chiem, Alan; Joseph, Linda M.; Anderson, Craig L.; Wilson, Sean P.; Subeh, Mohammad; Trinh, Alex; Viquez, Eric; Fox, John C.
Introduction The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of diagnosing shoulder dislocation using a single-view, posterior approach point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by undergraduate research students, and to establish the range of measured distance that discriminates dislocated shoulder from normal. Methods We enrolled a prospective, convenience sample of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute shoulder pain following injury. Patients underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of possible shoulder dislocation comprising a single transverse view of the posterior shoulder and assessment of the relative positioning of the glenoid fossa and the humeral head. The sonographic measurement of the distance between these two anatomic structures was termed the Glenohumeral Separation Distance (GhSD). A positive GhSD represented a posterior position of the glenoid rim relative to the humeral head and a negative GhSD value represented an anterior position of the glenoid rim relative to the humeral head. We compared ultrasound (US) findings to conventional radiography to determine the optimum GhSD cutoff for the diagnosis of shoulder dislocation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the derived US method were calculated. Results A total of 84 patients were enrolled and 19 (22.6%) demonstrated shoulder dislocation on conventional radiography, all of which were anterior. All confirmed dislocations had a negative measurement of the GhSD, while all patients with normal anatomic position had GhSD>0. This value represents an optimum GhSD cutoff of 0 for the diagnosis of (anterior) shoulder dislocation. This method demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI [82.4–100]), specificity of 100% (95% CI [94.5–100]), positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI [82.4–100]), and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI [94.5–100]). Conclusion Our study suggests that a single, posterior
Pilot Study to Determine Accuracy of Posterior Approach Ultrasound for Shoulder Dislocation by Novice Sonographers
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shadi Lahham
Full Text Available Introduction: The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of diagnosing shoulder dislocation using a single-view, posterior approach point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS performed by undergraduate research students, and to establish the range of measured distance that discriminates dislocated shoulder from normal. Methods: We enrolled a prospective, convenience sample of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute shoulder pain following injury. Patients underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of possible shoulder dislocation comprising a single transverse view of the posterior shoulder and assessment of the relative positioning of the glenoid fossa and the humeral head. The sonographic measurement of the distance between these two anatomic structures was termed the Glenohumeral Separation Distance (GhSD. A positive GhSD represented a posterior position of the glenoid rim relative to the humeral head and a negative GhSD value represented an anterior position of the glenoid rim relative to the humeral head. We compared ultrasound (US findings to conventional radiography to determine the optimum GhSD cutoff for the diagnosis of shoulder dislocation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the derived US method were calculated. Results: A total of 84 patients were enrolled and 19 (22.6% demonstrated shoulder dislocation on conventional radiography, all of which were anterior. All confirmed dislocations had a negative measurement of the GhSD, while all patients with normal anatomic position had GhSD>0. This value represents an optimum GhSD cutoff of 0 for the diagnosis of (anterior shoulder dislocation. This method demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI [82.4-100], specificity of 100% (95% CI [94.5-100], positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI [82.4-100], and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI [94.5-100]. Conclusion: Our study suggests that a single, posterior
GNDs in nonlocal plasticity theories : lessons from discrete dislocation simulations
Vand der Giessen, E; Needleman, A
Solutions to simple boundary value problems using discrete dislocation plasticity exhibit key features associated with an accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations: size effects and long-range stresses. Comparisons of the predictions of nonlocal plasticity theories with the discrete dislo
关节镜治疗急性滑脱性髌股关节撞击综合征的临床疗效%Arthroscopic surgery for treatment of acute patellofemoral joint impingent
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李烨; 汤洁; 胡勇; 赵胜豪; 黎清波; 彭永海
Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of arthroscopic technique in managing acute patellofemoral joint impingent syndrome.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 19 cases of patients with acute patellofemoral joint impact syndrome in orthopedic in our hospital from August 2006 to December 2009.Results 3 knees were done debridement in this group; 13 knees were done debridement + patella medial band suture;5 knees were done debridement + patella medial band suture + lateral with lysis.12 cases were torn out of 17 the intra-articular fracture of block.All patients did not occur to blood vessels,nerve damage and infection or other complications.All patients with follow-up period did not recur in the dislocation of the patella,without dislocation of the fear of weight-bearing exercises,12 months after operation were followed up for joint activity can resume normal,18 patients were followed up for 12 months after recovery to pre-injury exercise level,only 1 case after double knee injury exercise levels were affected,but did not affect their daily lives.Lysholm clinical scoring system to assess knee function excellent were 17 knees,good were 3 knees,excellent rate of 95.2%.Conclusion The method is simple and effective of arthroscopic treatment of acute patellofemoral joint impingement syndrome,should be used in clinical practice.%目的 探索膝关节镜治疗急性滑脱性髌股关节撞击综合征的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年8月至2009年12月该院骨科采用膝关节镜治疗急性滑脱性髌股关节撞击综合征19例患者的临床资料.结果 本组3膝行清理术;13膝行清理术加髌骨内侧支持带缝合术;5膝行清理术加髌骨内侧支持带缝合术加外侧支持带松解术.全部患者均未发生血管、神经损伤和感染等并发症,无术后关节内出血而再次手术者.全部患者随访期内未再发生髌骨脱位,负重练习后无脱位恐惧感,术后12个月复诊时关�
Midterm results after operatively stabilised shoulder dislocations in elderly patients
Maier, Marcus; Geiger, Emanuel V.; Ilius, Christine; FRANK, JOHANNES; Marzi, Ingo
Anterior shoulder dislocation is frequently seen in young patients. The therapeutic regime in elderly patients after shoulder dislocation is less clearly defined. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical benefit of operative stabilisation following anterior shoulder dislocation in young versus elderly patients. Seventy-two patients with anterior shoulder dislocations were allocated into two groups. Group 1 (> 40 years of age) consisted of 23 patients, and group 2 (
A Case of Simultaneous Bilateral Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Patil, Mallanagouda N
Introduction: Anterior dislocation of shoulder is commonest dislocation one encounters in day to day Orthopaedic practice. But bilateral shoulder dislocations are relatively uncommon frequently posterior and secondary to violent muscle contraction. Simultaneous bilateral anterior dislocations of shoulder following trauma is rare occurrence. Case Report: 35 year old male presented to emergency department with history fall by tripping on a stone (fall on outstretched hand). He complained of...
Dislocations in magnetohydrodynamic waves in a stellar atmosphere.
López Ariste, A; Collados, M; Khomenko, E
We describe the presence of wave front dislocations in magnetohydrodynamic waves in stratified stellar atmospheres. Scalar dislocations such as edges and vortices can appear in Alfvén waves, as well as in general magnetoacoustic waves. We detect those dislocations in observations of magnetohydrodynamic waves in sunspots in the solar chromosphere. Through the measured charge of all the dislocations observed, we can give for the first time estimates of the modal contribution in the waves propagating along magnetic fields in solar sunspots.
Dislocations in magnetohydrodynamic waves in a stellar atmosphere
Ariste, A López; Khomenko, E
We describe the presence of wavefront dislocations in magnetohydrodynamic waves in stratified stellar atmospheres. Scalar dislocations such as edges and vortices can appear in Alfv\\'en waves, as well as in general magneto-acoustic waves. We detect those dislocations in observations of magnetohydrodynamic waves in sunspots in the solar chromosphere. Through the measured charge of all the dislocations observed, we can give for the first time estimates of the modal contribution in the waves propagating along magnetic fields in solar sunspots.
Bilateral posterior shoulder dislocation after electrical shock: A case report
Ismail Emre Ketenci; Tahir Mutlu Duymus; Ayhan Ulusoy; Hakan Serhat Yanik; Serhat Mutlu; Mehmet Oguz Durakbasa
Introduction: Posterior dislocation of the shoulder is a rare and commonly missed injury. Unilateral dislocations occur mostly due to trauma. Bilateral posterior shoulder dislocations are even more rare and result mainly from epileptic seizures. Electrical injury is a rare cause of posterior shoulder dislocation. Injury mechanism in electrical injury is similar to epileptic seizures, where the shoulder is forced to internal rotation, flexion and adduction. Presentation of case: This report...
Audit on necessity of radiographs in anterior shoulder dislocations
K. Ahmadi, M.D; M. Mofidi, M.D.
AbstractBackground and Purpose: Anterior shoulder dislocation is the most common major joint dislocation. In most cases, this dislocation is being relocated in emergency departments. Routinely, pre and post reduction radiographs are performed. This study was done to determine the necessity of radiographs in the emergency department for management of patients with suspected anterior shoulder dislocation.Materials and Methods: In this case series study, 116 patients suspected of anterior should...
Sidewall penetration of dislocations in ion-implanted bipolar transistors
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Phosphorus-doped emitters have been formed by either conventional diffusion or implantation, anneal, and drive-in processes. Transmission electron microscopy and measurements of transistor characteristics were made to evaluate the two processes. Comparison of structures with similar dislocation densities indicated that the dislocations in the implanted structures penetrated the emitter-base sidewall, whereas the dislocations in the diffused structure were confined to the emitter region. The transistor with extended dislocations exhibited high leakage current and excess popcorn noise generating
Rehabilitation after treatment of acute anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament injuries of knee%急性前交叉韧带损伤合并内侧副韧带损伤治疗后的康复训练
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
柳东旭; 姚建华; 孙天胜; 孙维
Objective To compare the effects of accelerated rehabilitation and conservative rehabilitation after treatment of acute anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament injuries of knee.Methods 32 patients with acute anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament injuries of knee in Beijing Army General Hospital from November 2006 to October 2010 were treated under arthroscope for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and medial collateral ligament conservative treatment.These patients were done rehabilitation after operation,and randomly divided into accelerated rehabilitation training group (n =16) and conservative rehabilitation training group (n =16).One year after operation,the knee muscle strength,stability,scope of activites and Lysholm function score were detected,and the therapeutic effect was assessed.Results Comparing with conservative rehabilitation training group and accelerated rehabilitation training group,more joint swelling and effusion were found early after operation.15 cases of the accelerated rehabilitation training group and 8 cases of conservative rehabilitation training group needed to puncture and aspirate effusion.The average volume of effusion was detected (49.87±18.96) mL in the accelerated rehabilitation training group and (18.13±5.72) mL in the conservative rehabilitation training group,and there were significant differences in the average volume of effusion between the two groups (P < 0.05).One year after operation,the average difference value of leg circumference was detected (1.41±0.61) cm in the accelerated rehabilitation training group and (3.28±0.79) cm in the conservative rehabilitation training group,and there were significant differences in muscle strength between the two groups (P < 0.05).There was negative in the physical examination of stability in the two groups.There were no significant differences in the knee scope of activites and Lysholm function score between the two groups (P > 0.05).The training time
Analysis of large dislocation populations in deformed metals
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, N.; Hughes, D.A.
and finer scale as the strain is increased. These configurations of dislocation boundaries are analyzed on the basis of the LEDS hypothesis for dislocation structures and agreement is found. The strengthening effect of dislocation boundaries is discussed and equations are suggested for the relationship...... between now stress and microstructural parameters....
Disorientations in dislocation structures: Formation and spatial correlation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Pantleon, W.
During plastic deformation, dislocation boundaries are formed and orientation differences across them arise. Two different causes lead to the formation of two kinds of deformation-induced boundaries: a statistical trapping of dislocations in incidental dislocation boundaries and a difference in t...
Bypassing of a barrier by dissociated and superlattice dislocations
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bhushan, Karihaloo
Very simple procedures are used to calculate the upper and lower bounds for the applied stress required for the leading extended (superlattice) dislocation in a group of n coplanar screw dislocations of like sign with Burgers vector b to bypass a noncoplanar perfect screw dislocation with Burgers...... vector mb (m...
[Open total dislocation of the talus].
Grabski, R S; Sosiński, R
A case of 35 years old patient with open, total, fixed dislocation of the talus reduced with heel traction is presented. The Sudeck syndrome subsided after one year. Weight bearing was not allowed for 7 months. An examination after 2.5 years revealed minor osteoarthritis, full range of movement in the foot but limited walking capability. PMID:7555299
Dislocation Microstructures in Fatiqued Copper Polycrystals
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Winter, A.T.; Pedersen, Ole Bøcker; Rasmussen, K.V.
Dislocation structures characteristic of persistent slip bands were observed in the interior of polycrystalline copper after fatigue. At low strain amplitudes, within the plateau on the cyclic stress-strain curve, only structures identical to those seen in single crystals were observed. This allows...
Completion of a Dislocated Metric Space
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P. Sumati Kumari
Full Text Available We provide a construction for the completion of a dislocated metric space (abbreviated d-metric space; we also prove that the completion of the metric associated with a d-metric coincides with the metric associated with the completion of the d-metric.
Missed isolated volar dislocation of the scaphoid
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kolby, Lise; Larsen, Søren; Jørring, Stig;
A patient presented with volar dislocation of the scaphoid, the diagnosis of which had been missed for two weeks. He was treated with open reduction through a combined volar and dorsal approach with decompression of the median nerve, internal fixation, and a cast for eight weeks. One year postope...
Traumatic Dislocation of the Elbow Joint
J. de Haan (Jeroen)
textabstractThis thesis addresses the major issues encountered in the diagnosis and treatment of adult elbow dislocation. Firstly, a literary review (Chapters Five and Eight) makes it clear that there is much uncertainty regarding trauma mechanism, biomechanics, and even anatomy (Chapter Two). Furth
Dislocations in stripes and lattice Dirac fermions
Mesaroš, Andrej
The central topic in this thesis is the effect of topological defects in two distinct types of condensed matter systems. The first type consists of graphene and topological insulators. By studying the long-range effect of lattice defects (dislocations and disclinations) we find that the graphene ele
Dislocation plasticity effects on interfacial fracture
van der Giessen, E.; Needleman, A.
Analyses are reviewed where plastic flow in the vicinity of an interfacial crack is represented in terms of the nucleation and glide of discrete dislocations. Attention is confined to cracks along a metal-ceramic interface, with the ceramic idealized as being rigid. Both monotonic and fatigue loadin
Kinetics of dislocation step ensembles and edge dislocation climb in supersaturated solution of radiation-induced point defects
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Formation kinetics of step ensemble on the linear edge dislocation under conditions when supersaturated solution of radiation-induced point defects - vacancies and interstitials - was created in a material inder the effect of irradiation, is investigated. With regard to microscopic processes in dislocation nuclei the concentration of steps on the dislocation is found in a self-consistent way. Conditions under which the dislocations can be considered as discrete discharges for point defects so that the distance between dislocation steps exceeds considerably the average length of point defect free pass along the dislocation line are determined. The dislocation climb rate for the cases of material irradiation and annealing, which are of practical value, is found. Considerably nonlinear dependence of the dislocation climb rate on point defect supersaturation in material and its strong dependence on the temperature is demonstrated
Assessment of hardening due to dislocation loops in bcc iron: Overview and analysis of atomistic simulations for edge dislocations
Bonny, G.; Terentyev, D.; Elena, J.; Zinovev, A.; Minov, B.; Zhurkin, E. E.
Upon irradiation, iron based steels used for nuclear applications contain dislocation loops of both and ½ type. Both types of loops are known to contribute to the radiation hardening and embrittlement of steels. In the literature many molecular dynamics works studying the interaction of dislocations with dislocation loops are available. Recently, based on such studies, a thermo-mechanical model to threat the dislocation - dislocation loop (DL) interaction within a discrete dislocation dynamics framework was developed for ½ loops. In this work, we make a literature review of the dislocation - DL interaction in bcc iron. We also perform molecular dynamics simulations to derive the stress-energy function for loops. As a result we deliver the function of the activation energy versus activation stress for loops that can be applied in a discrete dislocation dynamics framework.
Causal Stroh formalism for uniformly-moving dislocations in anisotropic media: Somigliana dislocations and Mach cones
Pellegrini, Yves-Patrick
In this work, Stroh's formalism is endowed with causal properties on the basis of an analysis of the radiation condition in the Green tensor of the elastodynamic wave equation. The modified formalism is applied to dislocations moving uniformly in an anisotropic medium. In practice, accounting for causality amounts to a simple analytic continuation procedure whereby to the dislocation velocity is added an infinitesimal positive imaginary part. This device allows for a straightforward computation of velocity-dependent field expressions that are valid whatever the dislocation velocity ---including supersonic regimes--- without needing to consider subsonic and supersonic cases separately. As an illustration, the distortion field of a Somigliana dislocation of the Peierls-Nabarro-Eshelby-type with finite-width core is computed analytically, starting from the Green tensor of elastodynamics. To obtain the result in the form of a single compact expression, use of the modified Stroh formalism requires splitting the Gr...
Total carpometacarpal joint dislocation combined with trapezium fracture, trapezoid dislocation and hamate fracture
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gvozdenovic, R; Vadstrup, Lars Soelberg
Multiple metacarpal dislocations combined with carpal fracture - dislocations are rare injuries. We report a new combination of these injuries where fracture-dislocation of the base of the 1st metacarpal bone occurred simultaneously with a comminuted fracture of the trapezium, dislocation...... of the trapezoid and metacarpal joints (2nd to 5th) and an avulsion fracture of the hamate. This specific carpal injury has not been previously described and our description will contribute to understanding the mechanism of these complex injuries. The injury pattern in the case featured here was multifaceted...... and resulted from rupture of both transverse and longitudinal carpal columns. According to the Garcia-Elias classification of axial carpal disruptions, this particular injury mechanism was a combined axial-radial-ulnar type injury. These injuries are extremely rare and are only sporadically described...
Interaction of 〈1 0 0〉 dislocation loops with dislocations studied by dislocation dynamics in α-iron
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Shi, X.J.; Dupuy, L. [CEA, DEN, SRMA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Devincre, B. [Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, CNRS-ONERA, 29 av. de la Division Leclerc, 92322 Châtillon Cedex (France); Terentyev, D. [SCK–CEN, Nuclear Materials Science Institute, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol (Belgium); Vincent, L. [CEA, DEN, SRMA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Highlights: • Interactions between edge dislocations and radiation-induced loops were studied by dislocation dynamics. • Dislocation dynamics results are directly compared to molecular dynamics results. • The complex elementary reactions are successfully reproduced. • The critical shear stress to overcome individual loops if reproduced quantitatively. - Abstract: Interstitial dislocation loops with Burgers vector of 〈1 0 0〉 type are formed in α-iron under neutron or heavy ion irradiation. As the density and size of these loops increase with radiation dose and temperature, these defects are thought to play a key role in hardening and subsequent embrittlement of iron-based steels. The aim of the present work is to study the pinning strength of the loops on mobile dislocations. Prior to run massive Dislocation Dynamics (DD) simulations involving experimentally representative array of radiation defects and dislocations, the DD code and its parameterization are validated by comparing the individual loop–dislocation reactions with those obtained from direct atomistic Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Several loop–dislocation reaction mechanisms are successfully reproduced as well as the values of the unpinning stress to detach mobile dislocations from the defects.
Operative treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation:a new technique with suture anchors
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Zhang Jingwei; Li Min; He Xianfeng; Yu Yihui; Zhu Limei
Objective:To evaluate clinical outcome of suture anchors in strengthening both acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments in the surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.Methods:Twenty-eight patients with acute traumatic Rockwood Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint surgically treated at our institute between October 2010 and January 2012 were recruited.All patients underwent open reduction combined with suture anchors.Function was evaluated using the ConstantMurley shoulder score.Clinical and radiographic shoulder ratings were evaluated using Taft criteria at 3,6 and 12 months.Results:Two cases with fixation loosening were not included in final statistical analysis.Other patients obtained full joint reposition on immediate postoperative radiographs.Follow-up was performed with an average of 15.6 months (range,12-19).After early range of motion exercises,96.2% of the patients (25/26) could abduct and elevate their shoulders more than 90 degrees within postoperative 3 months.There was no infection.Average Constant-Murley score was 96.3 points (range,94-100)and mean Taft shoulder rating was 10.7 points (range,8-12) at 12 months.Conclusion:The suture anchor is a relatively simple technique and can avoid screw removal which is helpful in reconstructing both acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments in acute traumatic acromioclavicular joint dislocation.
The gauge theory of dislocations: static solutions of screw and edge dislocations
Lazar, Markus; Anastassiadis, Charalampos
Abstract We investigate the T(3)-gauge theory of static dislocations in continuous solids. We use the most general linear constitutive relations bilinear in the elastic distortion tensor and dislocation density tensor for the force and pseudomoment stresses of an isotropic solid. The constitutive relations contain six material parameters. In this theory both the force and pseudomoment stresses are asymmetric. The theory possesses four characteristic lengths ...
Subacute dislocation of the elbow following Galeazzi fracture-dislocation of the radius: A case report
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Rajeev Aysha
Full Text Available Abstract Introduction The Galeazzi fracture-dislocation was originally described by Sir Astley Cooper in 1822 but was named after Italian surgeon Ricardo Galeazzi in 1934. It is an injury classified as a radial shaft fracture with associated dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint and disruption of the forearm axis joint. The associated distal radioulnar joint injury may be purely ligamentous in nature, tearing the triangular fibrocartilaginous complex, or involve bony tissue (that is, ulnar styloid avulsions or both. We report this case because of the rare association of posterior dislocation of the elbow along with Galeazzi fracture-dislocation. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously reported in the English literature. Case presentation A 26-year-old Caucasian man presented to our department after a fall from a motorbike. He sustained a closed, isolated Galeazzi fracture-dislocation of the right forearm and no associated elbow injuries, and this necessitated open reduction and internal fixation of the radius. Post-operative radiographs films were satisfactory. However, clinical and radiological evidence of ipsilateral elbow dislocation was noted at a five-week follow-up, subsequently requiring open reduction of the joint and collateral ligament repair. Our patient was noted to have full elbow and forearm function at three months. Conclusions Although the Galeazzi fracture-dislocation has been classically described as involving only the distal radioulnar joint, traumatic forces can be transmitted to the elbow via the interosseous membrane of the forearm. This can lead to instability of the elbow joint. Therefore, we recommend that, in every case of forearm fracture, both elbow and wrist joints be assessed clinically as well as radiologically for subluxation or dislocation.
Total knee arthroplasty for severe valgus knee deformity
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Zhou Xinhua; Wang Min; Liu Chao; Zhang Liang; Zhou Yixin
Background Primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in severe valgus knees may prove challenging,and choice of implant depends on the severity of the valgus deformity and the extent of soft-tissue release.The purpose of this study was to review 8 to 11 years (mean,10 years) follow-up results of primary TKA for varient-Ⅲ valgus knee deformity with use of different type implants.Methods Between January 2002 and January 2005,20 women and 12 men,aged 47 to 63 (mean,57.19±6.08) years old,with varient-Ⅲ valgus knees underwent primary TKA.Of the 32 patients,37 knees had varient-Ⅲ deformities.Pie crusting was carefully performed with small,multiple inside-out incisions,bone resection balanced the knee in lieu of soft tissue releases that were not used in the series.Cruciate-retaining knees (Gemini MKⅡ,Link Company,Germany) were used in 13 knees,Genesis Ⅱ (Simth & Nephew Company,USA) in 14 knees,and hinged knee (Endo-Model Company,Germany) in 10 knees.In five patients with bilateral variant-Ⅲll TKAs,three patients underwent 1-stage bilateral procedures,and two underwent 2-stage procedures.All implants were cemented and the patella was not resurfaced.The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score was assessed.Patients were followed up from 8 to 11 years.Results The mean HSS knee score were improved from 50.33±11.60 to 90.06±3.07 (P <0.001).The mean tibiofemoral alignment were improved from valgus 32.72°±9.68° pre-operation to 4.89°±0.90° post-operation (P <0.001).The mean range of motion were improved from 93.72°±23.69° pre-operation to 116.61±16.29° post-operation (P <0.001).No patients underwent revision.One patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation using femoral condylar plates for supracondylar femoral fractures secondary to a fall at three years.Three patients developed transient peroneal nerve palsies,which resolved within nine months.Two patients developed symptomatic deep vein thrombosis that was managed with rivaroxaban
Gait changes in patients with knee osteoarthritis are replicated by experimental knee pain
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Henriksen, Marius; Nielsen, Thomas Graven; Aaboe, Jens;
Medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by pain and associated with abnormal knee moments during walking. The relationship between knee OA pain and gait changes remains to be clarified, and a better understanding of this link could advance the treatment and prevention of disease...... progression. This study investigated changes in knee moments during walking following experimental knee pain in healthy volunteers, and whether these changes replicated the joint moments observed in medial knee OA patients....
Elbow dislocation with irreparable fracture radial head
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Dilip Tanna
Full Text Available Background: Treatment of elbow dislocation with irreparable radial head fracture needs replacement of radial head to achieve stability of elbow. An alternate method in cases of elbow dislocation with radial head fracture can be resection of radial head with repair of medial collateral ligament. We report a retrospective analysis of cases of elbow dislocation with irreparable radial head treated by excision head of radius and repair of MCL. Materials and Methods: Nine patients of elbow dislocation with associated irreparable fractures of the head of the radius were included in this analysis (6 F:3 M, Age: 35-47 years. Radial head excision was done through the lateral approach and MCL was sutured using no 3 Ethibond using medial approach. Above elbow plaster was given for 6 weeks and gradual mobilization was done thereafter. All patients were assessed at final followup using Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS. Results: Mean followup was 19.55 ± 7.12 months (range 14-36 months. There was no extension deficit when compared to opposite side with mean range of flexion of 138.8° ± 6.97° (range 130 -145°. Mean pronation was 87.7° ± 4.4° (range 80-90° and mean supination was 87.7 ± 4.62° (range 80-90°. The mean MEPS was 98.8 ± 3.33 (range 90-100. No patient had pain, sensory complaints, subluxation or redislocation. All were able to carry out their daily activities without disability. Conclusion: Radial head excision with MCL repair is an acceptable option for treatment of patients with elbow dislocation and irreparable radial head fracture.
Orthopaedic measurements with computed radiography: Methodological development, accuracy, and radiation dose with special reference to the weight-bearing lower extremity and the dislocating patella
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The overall aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a measurement system for computed radiography and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems, permitting measurements of long distances and angles in and between related images. The developed measurement system, which was based on the QUESTOR Precision Radiography system, was applied to the weight-bearing knee with special reference to the dislocating patella. The QPR system modified for CR fulfilled the criteria for measuring the weight-bearing knee. The special measuring assistance tools that were developed were important for the implementation of CR and PACS, particularly in workstations programmed for musculoskeletal radiology. The energy imparted to the patient was reduced by 98% at the lowest exposure of the CR-system, compared with our conventional analogue method, without loss of diagnostic accuracy. The CR technique creates a possibility, to an extent not previously feasible, to differentiate the exposure parameters (and thus minimise the radiation dose to the patient) by carefully considering the purpose of the examination. A radiographic method for measuring the rotation of the femur and the tibia, and the patellar translation was developed and applied to healthy volunteers. The introduced patellar variables have yielded new insights into the complex sequence of motions between the femur, tibia, and patella. The patients with a dislocating patella were subdivided into one 'clean' group of spontaneous dislocations and one group with various traumas in the history, which thus resulted in two groups with distinct radiographic differences. The Q-angle was decreased in knees that had suffered dislocations, and the traditional surgical treatment with a further reduction of the Q-angle must be challenged. The use of clinical measurements of the Q-angle was not an optimal way to evaluate the mechanical alignment in the patellofemoral joint under physiological conditions. In this study, we have proved
Dislocation dynamics. II. Applications to the formation of persistent slip bands, planar arrays, and dislocation cells
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The dynamic organization of dislocations into spatially heterogeneous substructures is demonstrated by applying the principles of dislocation dynamics that were outlined in the preceding paper. Here it is shown that the formation of persistent slip bands is a consequence of the competition between dipole formation and annihilation of dislocations of opposite Burgers vectors in the absence of temperature-enhanced climb recovery under cyclic stress conditions. Planar arrays, which are also uniaxial structures, are shown to arise from enhanced dislocation multiplication and the formation of stable dipole configurations along a slip plane at lower temperatures where climb is unimportant. Biaxial dislocation systems experience additional degrees of freedom compared with uniaxial systems because of available motion along additional slip systems. It is demonstrated that for a system of orthogonal slip directions at high temperatures in which climb and glide motion are competitive, dislocation cellular structures form as a result of immobile dipole and junction formation and by the internal elastic strain energy minimization caused by long-range self-shielding. It is shown that the internal elastic strain energy is reduced by the self-organization process. However, the short-range nonlinear processes (i.e., dipole and junction formation) are shown not to allow absolute elastic energy minimization
Stress-free states of continuum dislocation fields : Rotations, grain boundaries, and the Nye dislocation density tensor
Limkumnerd, Surachate; Sethna, James P.
We derive general relations between grain boundaries, rotational deformations, and stress-free states for the mesoscale continuum Nye dislocation density tensor. Dislocations generally are associated with long-range stress fields. We provide the general form for dislocation density fields whose stre
Cosmetic effect of knee joint in a knee disarticulation prosthesis.
de Laat, Fred A; van der Pluijm, Mark J; van Kuijk, Annette A; Geertzen, Jan H; Roorda, Leo D
Despite numerous advantages, knee disarticulations (KDs) are rarely performed because of the anticipated KD prosthesis fitting problems that include the positioning of the knee joint distally from the KD socket. This results in lengthening of the thigh and subsequent shortening of the shank. The objective of this study was to assess the cosmetic effect of the knee joint in a KD prosthesis by determining the extent of the lengthening of the thigh and the shortening of the shank. This lengthening and shortening were measured through an experimental setup using laser techniques. These measurements were made of 18 knee joints used in KD prostheses. Lengthening of the thigh varied between 23 and 92 mm, and shortening of the shank varied between 3 and 50 mm. The polycentric knees Medi KH6 and Medi KHF1 showed the least lengthening of the thigh, and the polycentric knees Teh Lin Prosthetic & Orthotic Co. Ltd Graph-Lite and Medi KP5 showed the least shortening of the shank. PMID:25856500
Cosmetic effect of knee joint in a knee disarticulation prosthesis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fred A. de Laat, MD, PhD
Full Text Available Despite numerous advantages, knee disarticulations (KDs are rarely performed because of the anticipated KD prosthesis fitting problems that include the positioning of the knee joint distally from the KD socket. This results in lengthening of the thigh and subsequent shortening of the shank. The objective of this study was to assess the cosmetic effect of the knee joint in a KD prosthesis by determining the extent of the lengthening of the thigh and the shortening of the shank. This lengthening and shortening were measured through an experimental setup using laser techniques. These measurements were made of 18 knee joints used in KD prostheses. Lengthening of the thigh varied between 23 and 92 mm, and shortening of the shank varied between 3 and 50 mm. The polycentric knees Medi KH6 and Medi KHF1 showed the least lengthening of the thigh, and the polycentric knees Teh Lin Prosthetic & Orthotic Co. Ltd Graph-Lite and Medi KP5 showed the least shortening of the shank.
Photoluminescence of Dislocations in Nitrogen Doped Czochralski Silicon
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LI Dong-Sheng; YANG De-Ren; E.Leoni; S.Binetti; S.Pizzini
@@ We investigate optical properties of dislocations in nitrogen-doped and nitrogen-free Czochralski silicon. The dislocations are formed during crystal growth, but not formed during deformation. The results show that in nitrogen-doped samples, a broad band replaced the D1 band of dislocation, regardless of dislocation density. The replacement ofD1 band is caused by the non-irradiation combination induced by oxygen precipitation. Moreover,a new emission at 0.975 eV is observed in both the nitrogen-free and doped samples when the dislocation density is lower than 104 cm-2.
Specific inferior dislocation of the hip: one case report
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
XU Chao
@@ Hip joint dislocations are generally classified as anterior, posterior, and central dislocations. In 1970s, the anterior dislocation was divided into pubic type and obturator type.1 It is generally recognized that for anterior dislocation of the hip joint, the femoral head is located at anteriorinferior part of the acetabulum, characterized clinically as abduction, extorsion, slight flexion deformity, and longer limb than the opposite side. When posterior dislocation is present, the femoral head is located at posteriorsuperior part of the acetabulum and manifested clinically as flexion, adduction, intorsion, and shortening deformity.
Bilateral Dislocation of Temporomandibular Joint Induced by Haloperidol Following Suicide Attempt: A Case Report
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Mosa Arghand Dargahi
Full Text Available Drug induced dystonic reactions are among common presentations of patients in emergency departments, and typically occur with antidopaminergic agents as their extra-pyramidal side effects. Dystonic reactions usually occur within the first few hours or days after commencing a drug or dose increase. Unlike other extra-pyramidal side effects, a patient may experience acute dystonic reactions (ADRs with the administration of just a single dose. Oromandibular dystonia is a subtype of dystonia which can present with perioral manifestations. In extreme cases, it can lead to temporomandibular dislocation. Haloperidol, as a high potent typical antipsychotic drug, can induce dystonia with blocking D2 dopamine receptors. The present paper reports a case of bilateral dislocation of temporomandibular joint following ingestion of haloperidol in a suicidal attempt in a 17 years old girl.
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... that certainly is personal preference. And is that gender-specific or is that for all comers? No, ... of the other knee systems, indeed, there are gender-specific femoral components that can be used. With ...
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... contractures after I remove that. So it certainly aids in my being able to see. What I' ... you can see how just a little bit aids in Denton's ability to show me this knee. ...
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... get started. We've prepped our knee in standard fashion. We have actually already exsanguinated this leg. ... poorly, we still will end up with our standard instability and/or rapid aware problems. Heavy hookup, ...
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... and drill her. And how much are you rotating there? This rotates 3 degrees externally with respect ... femoral components that can be used. With the rotating knee system, a class III device at this ...
... Emotional Problems Eyes Fever From Insects or Animals Genitals and Urinary Tract Glands ... and Knock-Knees Page Content Article Body Toddlers' legs often have a bowed appearance. In fact, many children have bowing of the ...
Total Knee Replacement for Women
Full Text Available ... do my tibial resection, so I put the large bent knee lateral to the posterior cruciate ligament, ... like I just did. Can I have a large tibial punch. And really you just need the ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gazi Huri
Full Text Available We report a case of partial intrasubstance tear of popliteus tendon as an unusual cause of pseudolocking of the knee. A 13-year-old semiprofessional soccer player applied to our clinic with a locked right knee in spite of the therapy applied (cold pack, NSAID, and immobilization in another institution 20 days after the injury. Significant extension loss was observed in his right knee with 30∘–90∘ ROM. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI and arthroscopy confirmed the intrasubstance tear of popliteus tendon and synovitis. The ruptured part of the tendon was debrided, and the inflammatory tissue around the tendon, which may lead to pseudolocking, was gently removed with a shaver in order to regain the normal ROM. The patient was discharged with full ROM and weight bearing first day after the surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first case demonstrating intrasubstance tear of popliteus tendon causing pseudolocking of the knee.
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... there's any change that makes us concentrate and focus on ligament balancing a little more than we ... be used. With the rotating knee system, a class III device at this point, with respect to ...
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... that the knee has indeed improved in its design. The pivot point of the mobile bearing in ... reading about with some of the other mobile designs. So I've been so far very pleased ...
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Full Text Available ... things and then take advantage of these nice new mobile designs I think we find ourselves in ... we really can maximize the benefits of these new knees. But even if the designs are wonderful, ...
Comparative study on treating complete dislocation of acromioclavicular joint with three different methods
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
林斌; 练克俭; 郭林新; 郭志民; 庄泽民; 刘庆军; 周亮
Objective: To comparatively study complete dislocation of acromioclavicular joint treated with three different methods.Methods:A total of 96 patients (81 males and 15 females, aged 16-59 years, mean =45 years) with complete dislocation of acromioclavicular joint were treated with Dewar's operation ( Group A, n = 32), internal fixation with Kirschner tension band wires ( Group B, n = 44), or internal fixation with Wolter plates ( Group C, n = 20 ),respectively, in this study. Eighty-five patients suffered from acute dislocations and eleven from chronic dislocations. Results: The patients were followed up for 50 months on an average. According to Karlsson's standard, in Group A, 26 patients were assessed as good, 5 as fair and 1 as poor. In Group B, 20 patients were assessed as good, 13 as fair and 11 as poor. In Group C, 15 patients were assessed as good, 4 as fair and 1 as poor. The good and fair rates were significantly different between Group A and Group B, and between Group C and Group B, but no statistical difference was found between Group A and Group C. The operating time was ( 52.36 ± 7.24 ) minutes, ( 67.43 ± 8.11) minutes and (69.73 ±8.04) minutes in Groups A, B and C, respectively. And the hospitalizing fees were (2 400 ±270) yuan, (2 100±190) yuan and (8450±360) yuan in Groups A, B and C, respectively. Conclusions: Dewar's operation is a good and safe method with shorter operating time and lower hospitalizing fee for treating complete dislocation of acromioclavicular joint. The method is simple without the need of a second operation to remove the implants and with few complications.
Thompson's quadricepsplasty for stiff knee
Kundu, ZS; Sangwan, SS; Guliani, G; Siwach, RC; Kamboj, P; Singh, Raj
Background: Stiffness of the knee after trauma and/or surgery for femoral fractures is one of the most common complications and is difficult to treat. Stiffness in extension is more common and can be reduced by vigorous physiotherapy. If it does not improve then quadricepsplasty is indicated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the results of Thompsons quadricepsplasty. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two male patients (age range 20-45 years) with posttraumatic knee stiffness following...
Thermally activated dislocation motion including inertial effects in solid solutions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Dislocation motion through an array of obstacles is considered in terms of the potential energy of the dislocation as it moves through the array. The obstacles form a series of potential wells and barriers which can trap the dislocations. The effect of thermal fluctuations and of a viscous drag on the motion of the dislocation is investigated by analogy with Brownian motion in a field of force. The rate of escape of a trapped dislocation is found to depend on the damping coefficient only for a large viscous drag. The probability that a dislocation will be trapped by a well or barrier is found to depend on the damping coefficient for a small viscous drag. This inertial effect determines how far a dislocation will travel after breaking away from an obstacle
Sports-related shoulder dislocations: a state-hospital experience.
Hazmy, C H Wan; Parwathi, A
This retrospective study was conducted in a state hospital set-up and aimed at identifying the incidence of sports-related shoulder dislocations and their characteristics and the sports events involved. All patients with shoulder dislocation related to sporting activities admitted to the hospital from January 1999 to December 2002 were included in the study. There were 18 sports-related shoulder dislocations out of 106 all shoulder dislocations admitted during this 4-year period. The average age of the patients was 25.4 years. All but two were male. All were anterior dislocations. Recurrent dislocation constitutes 78% of the cases with an average of 3 times re-dislocation. Rugby and badminton were the major contributors to the injuries followed by volleyball, soccer and swimming. Conservative treatment was successfully instituted for 88% of the patients and 12% opted for surgical intervention.
Congenital dislocation of the knee: what approach? Review and experience of a pediatric hospital
Araújo, L.; Almeida, E.
Introdução e objectivos: A luxação congénita do joelho é uma anomalia rara que se integra no grupo das deformidades de hiperextensão do joelho. A sua incidência é cerca de 1% da displasia do desenvolvimento da anca. Associa-se com frequência a outras anomalias músculo-esqueléticas, sendo as mais comuns a displasia do desenvolvimento da anca e o pé equino-varo. Em geral, o diagnóstico é estabelecido imediatamente após o nascimento. O tratamento pode ser conservador ou cirú...
Experimental knee pain reduces muscle strength
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Henriksen, Marius; Mortensen, Sara Rosager; Aaboe, Jens;
experimental knee pain in healthy volunteers, and if these changes were associated with the pain intensities. In a crossover study, 18 healthy subjects were tested on 2 different days. Using an isokinetic dynamometer, maximal muscle strength in knee extension and flexion was measured at angular velocities 0....... Knee pain reduced the muscle strength by 5 to 15% compared to the control conditions (P <.001) in both knee extension and flexion at all angular velocities. The reduction in muscle strength was positively correlated to the pain intensity. Experimental knee pain significantly reduced knee extension and...
Preventing knee injuries in adolescent female football players – design of a cluster randomized controlled trial [NCT00894595
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Waldén Markus
Full Text Available Abstract Background Knee injuries in football are common regardless of age, gender or playing level, but adolescent females seem to have the highest risk. The consequences after severe knee injury, for example anterior cruciate ligament (ACL injury, are well-known, but less is known about knee injury prevention. We have designed a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT to evaluate the effect of a warm-up program aimed at preventing acute knee injury in adolescent female football. Methods In this cluster randomized trial 516 teams (309 clusters in eight regional football districts in Sweden with female players aged 13–17 years were randomized into an intervention group (260 teams or a control group (256 teams. The teams in the intervention group were instructed to do a structured warm-up program at two training sessions per week throughout the 2009 competitive season (April to October and those in the control group were informed to train and play as usual. Sixty-eight sports physical therapists are assigned to the clubs to assist both groups in data collection and to examine the players' acute knee injuries during the study period. Three different forms are used in the trial: (1 baseline player data form collected at the start of the trial, (2 computer-based registration form collected every month, on which one of the coaches/team leaders documents individual player exposure, and (3 injury report form on which the study therapists report acute knee injuries resulting in time loss from training or match play. The primary outcome is the incidence of ACL injury and the secondary outcomes are the incidence of any acute knee injury (except contusion and incidence of severe knee injury (defined as injury resulting in absence of more than 4 weeks. Outcome measures are assessed after the end of the 2009 season. Discussion Prevention of knee injury is beneficial for players, clubs, insurance companies, and society. If the warm-up program is proven to
Femoral head fracture without hip dislocation
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Aditya K Aggarwal; Ashwani Soni; Daljeet Singh
Femoral head fractures without dislocation or subluxation are extremely rare injuries.We report a neglected case of isolated comminuted fracture of femoral head without hip dislocation or subluxation of one year duration in a 36-year-old patient who sustained a high energy trauma due to road traffic accident.He presented with painful right hip and inability to bear full weight on right lower limb with Harris hip score of 39.He received cementless total hip replacement.At latest follow-up of 2.3 years,functional outcome was excellent with Harris hip score of 95.Such isolated injuries have been described only once in the literature and have not been classified till now.The purpose of this report is to highlight the extreme rarity,possible mechanism involved and a novel classification system to classify such injuries.
On impurity segregation on dislocations in metals
Netchaev, Yu.; Mukhina, L.
Thermodynamic and crystallo-chemistry considerations are given about the possibility of existing linear distribution laws for some impurities in metals between bulk solution and near-dislocation segregation regions (NDSR) with composition and structure close to the corresponding intermetallic compound. The solutions of Fe in Al are considered. NDSR composition can be close to FeAl3. The experimental data on the solubilities are treated within the model developed to determine the effective bin...
Humeral shaft fracture with ipsilateral shoulder dislocation
Behera Prateek; Kumar Vishal; Aggarwal Sameer
【Abstract】Although fracture of the humeral shaft or dislocation of the shoulder joint is a common injury, a simutaneous injury is rare. We present such a case combined with head injury which took precedence over the skeletal injuries. The postoperative rehabilitation was slowed down by the head injury. This case report makes us aware of some problems when managing the patient with this rare injury and helps us understand the management options better. Also the need for proper follow-up ...
Painful Spastic Hip Dislocation: Proximal Femoral Resection
Albiñana, Javier; Gonzalez-Moran, Gaspar
The dislocated hip in a non-ambulatory child with spastic paresis tends to be a painful interference to sleep, sitting upright, and perineal care. Proximal femoral resection-interposition arthroplasty is one method of treatment for this condition. We reviewed eight hips, two bilateral cases, with a mean follow-up of 30 months. Clinical improvement was observed in all except one case, with respect to pain relief and sitting tolerance. Some proximal migration was observed in three cases, despit...
Irreducible lateral dislocation of the elbow.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chhaparwal M
Full Text Available A rare case of an irreducible post-traumatic lateral dislocation of elbow is presented. The mechanism of injury was fall on a flexed elbow with trauma on its medial aspect resulting in pronation of the forearm. At open reduction, the brachialis muscle was in the form of a tight band which prevented reduction. The ulnar nerve was entrapped in the joint.
Association between knee alignment and knee pain in patients surgically treated for medial knee osteoarthritis by high tibial osteotomy. A one year follow-up study.
Roos Ewa M; Toksvig-Larsen Sören; W-Dahl Annette
Abstract Background The association between knee alignment and knee pain in knee osteoarthritis (OA) is unclear. High tibial osteotomy, a treatment option in knee OA, alters load from the affected to the unaffected compartment of the knee by correcting malalignment. This surgical procedure thus offers the possibility to study the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of alignment to pain. The aims were to study 1) the preoperative association of knee alignment to preoperative knee pain...
Open Galeazzi fracture with ipsilateral elbow dislocation.
Adanır, Oktay; Yüksel, Serdar; Beytemur, Ozan; Güleç, M Akif
Combination of the Galeazzi fracture and dislocation of the elbow joint in same extremity is very rare. In this article, we report a 26-year-old male patient with a posterolateral dislocation of the elbow and ipsilateral volar type Galeazzi fracture. We performed closed reduction for the elbow dislocation during admission to the emergency department. Patient was taken to the operating room in the sixth hour of his application to emergency department and open wound on the ulnovolar region of the wrist was closed primarily after irrigation and debridement. We performed open reduction and internal fixation of the radial fracture with a dynamic compression plate. After fixation, we evaluated the stability of the elbow joint and distal radioulnar joint. Distal radioulnar joint was unstable under fluoroscopic examination and fixed with one 1.8 mm Kirschner wire in a pronated position. Then, elbow joint was stable. One year after surgery, patient had no pain or sings of instability. At the last follow-up, range of motion of the elbow was 10°-135° and forearm pronation and supination were 70°. PMID:27499325
Open Galeazzi fracture with ipsilateral elbow dislocation.
Adanır, Oktay; Yüksel, Serdar; Beytemur, Ozan; Güleç, M Akif
Combination of the Galeazzi fracture and dislocation of the elbow joint in same extremity is very rare. In this article, we report a 26-year-old male patient with a posterolateral dislocation of the elbow and ipsilateral volar type Galeazzi fracture. We performed closed reduction for the elbow dislocation during admission to the emergency department. Patient was taken to the operating room in the sixth hour of his application to emergency department and open wound on the ulnovolar region of the wrist was closed primarily after irrigation and debridement. We performed open reduction and internal fixation of the radial fracture with a dynamic compression plate. After fixation, we evaluated the stability of the elbow joint and distal radioulnar joint. Distal radioulnar joint was unstable under fluoroscopic examination and fixed with one 1.8 mm Kirschner wire in a pronated position. Then, elbow joint was stable. One year after surgery, patient had no pain or sings of instability. At the last follow-up, range of motion of the elbow was 10°-135° and forearm pronation and supination were 70°.
Surgical management of intraocular lens dislocations
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Adem Gul
Full Text Available ABSTRACTPurpose:To report and compare the surgical, visual, and anatomical outcomes following treatment of dislocated intraocular lenses (IOLs.Methods:The medical records of 28 eyes of 28 patients were evaluated. Age, gender, pre-and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, surgical methods, and complications were recorded.Results:Pre-and postoperative BCVA ranged from counting fingers to 20/32 and from counting fingers to 20/25, respectively. Late-onset dislocations were the most frequently observed complication. The most frequent surgical method was IOL repositioning in 15 of 28 patients, followed by IOL exchange in 11 patients, and IOL removal in 2 patients. Only 1 patient required surgical re-intervention with IOL capture.Conclusions:Visual acuity improved following the use of either IOL repositioning or IOL exchange. No superiority of one method over the other was observed. In the present retrospective case series, management of dislocated IOLs with repositioning or exchange of the primary implant conferred comparable surgical and visual outcomes.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Full Text Available Avulsion fractures of tibial intercondylar eminence is a rare injury mainly affecting the pediatric population between 8 to 14 and is even rarer in adults with very few cases reported in literature. It occurs with high energy trauma in adults and may be associated with knee dislocation and neurovascular injuries. A 30 yr old male presented with a painful swollen left knee , limite d knee motion , and difficulty with weight bearing after a history of fall from motorcycle. Imaging revealed Type 3 Meyers and McKeever tibial spine avulsion of both ACL and PCL. A two staged surgical procedure was performed : (a Arthroscopic reduction and fixation with headed cannulated sc r ew of ACL tibial fragment; (b ORIF with headed cannulated screw of PCL tibial fragment via posterior approach to knee. Good functional outcome and early mobilization was achieved. Diagnostic arthroscopic helps to evaluat e the condition of the cruciate ligaments as well as fracture bed. Simultaneously fixation of ACL fragment with cannulated screw can be done , which is a simpler procedure to suture fixation. ORIF of PCL fragment in a staged manner has helped to address the injury in a detailed manner achieving goal of anatomical reduction and early mobilization.
Results of a Second-generation Constrained Condylar Prosthesis in Complex Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Mean 5.5-Year Follow-up
Ye, Chen-Yi; Xue, De-Ting; Jiang, Shuai; He, Rong-Xin
Background: The application of second-generation constrained condylar knee (CCK) prostheses has not been widely studied. This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a second-generation CCK prosthesis for complex primary or revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: In total, 51 consecutive TKAs (47 patients) were performed between June 2003 and June 2013 using second-generation modular CCK prostheses. The follow-up was conducted at 3rd day, 1st, 6th, and 12th months postoperatively and later annually. Anteroposterior (AP), lateral, skyline, and long-standing AP radiographs of the affected knees were taken. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Knee Score, the Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS), the Knee Society Function Score (KSFS), and range of motion (ROM) were also recorded. Heteroscedastic two-tailed Student's t-tests were used to compare the HSS score and the Knee Society score between primary and revision TKAs. A value of P 0.05). Two complications were observed in the revision TKA group (one intraoperative distal femur fracture and one recurrence of infection) while one complication (infection) was observed in the primary TKA group. No prosthesis loosening, joint dislocation, patella problems, tibial fracture, or nerve injury were observed. Radiolucent lines were observed in 4% of the knees without progressive osteolysis. Conclusions: Second-generation modular CCK prostheses are a safe and practical treatment for both primary and revision knees that cannot be balanced. However, further studies focusing on different types of constrained prostheses are required to validate these results. PMID:27231172
The in vivo assessment of tibial motion in the transverse plane in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees.
Nordt, W E; Lotfi, P; Plotkin, E; Williamson, B
Twenty-one knees with acutely injured anterior cruciate ligaments were reconstructed with patellar tendon autografts. Eight of the knees had concomitant medial ligament injuries that were not addressed surgically. Follow-up evaluation (average, 25 months) included computed tomography measurements to analyze transverse-plane laxity in both translation and rotation. These measurements were performed with the patient's leg in a load cell device that stabilizes the distal femur and applies known anterior translational force to the proximal tibia at approximately 20 degrees of flexion. A torque apparatus was used to apply internal and external rotational torque to the leg. Images of the tibial plateau in neutral, internal, and external rotation were performed, with and without an anterior translational force. Both knees of each patient were tested and categorized as group I (anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed) or group II (uninjured). Translation as measured by computed tomography averaged 1 mm side-to-side difference. Internal rotation averaged 8.7 degrees in group I knees and 10.8 degrees in group II knees. External rotation averaged 9.1 degrees in group I knees and 7.4 degrees in group II knees. The eight knees with concomitant medial ligament injuries were analyzed separately; external rotation without anterior load in group I was 9.5 degrees, compared with 5 degrees in group II. This difference was significant (P < 0.01). PMID:10496578
49 CFR 572.166 - Knees and knee impact test procedure.
... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Knees and knee impact test procedure. 572.166... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.166 Knees and knee impact test procedure....
49 CFR 572.136 - Knees and knee impact test procedure.
... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Knees and knee impact test procedure. 572.136... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III 5th Percentile Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.136 Knees and knee impact test...
49 CFR 572.126 - Knees and knee impact test procedure.
... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Knees and knee impact test procedure. 572.126... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Six-year-old Child Test Dummy, Beta Version § 572.126 Knees and knee impact test procedure. (a)...
Ambulatory measurement of the knee adduction moment in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee
Noort, van den J.C.; Esch, van der M.; Steultjens, M.P.M.; Dekker, J.; Schepers, H.M.; Veltink, P.H.
High knee joint-loading increases the risk and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Mechanical loading on the knee is reflected in the external knee adduction moment (KAdM) that can be measured during gait with laboratory-based measurement systems. However, clinical application of these systems
21 CFR 888.3580 - Knee joint patellar (hemi-knee) metallic resurfacing uncemented prosthesis.
... resurfacing uncemented prosthesis. 888.3580 Section 888.3580 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... § 888.3580 Knee joint patellar (hemi-knee) metallic resurfacing uncemented prosthesis. (a) Identification. A knee joint patellar (hemi-knee) metallic resurfacing uncemented prosthesis is a device made...
21 CFR 888.3590 - Knee joint tibial (hemi-knee) metallic resurfacing uncemented prosthesis.
... uncemented prosthesis. 888.3590 Section 888.3590 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Knee joint tibial (hemi-knee) metallic resurfacing uncemented prosthesis. (a) Identification. A knee joint tibial (hemi-knee) metallic resurfacing uncemented prosthesis is a device intended to be...
Sternoclavicular dislocation: case report and surgical technique
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Bernardo Barcellos Terra
Full Text Available Abstract Sternoclavicular dislocations account for less than 5% of all dislocations of the scapular belt. Most cases of anterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint do not present symptoms. However, some patients may develop chronic anterior instability and remain symptomatic, and surgical treatment is indicated in these cases. There is a scarcity of reports in the literature relating to reconstruction using the long palmar tendon in cases of traumatic anterior instability. Although rare, these injuries deserve rapid diagnosis and efficient treatment in order to avoid future complications. The aim of this report was to report on a case of a motocross competitor who developed chronic traumatic anterior instability of the sternoclavicular joint and underwent surgical reconstruction using the autogenous long palmar tendon. The patient was a 33-year-old man with a history of anterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular subsequent to a fall during a maneuver in a motocross competition. Conservative treatment was instituted initially, consisting of use of a functional sling to treat the symptoms for 3 weeks, along with physiotherapeutic rehabilitation for 3 months. We chose to use a modification of the "figure of eight" technique based on the studies by Spencer and Kuhn. A longitudinal incision of approximately 10 cm was made at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. The graft from the ipsilateral long palmar tendon was passed through the orifices in the form of a modified "figure of eight" and its ends were sutured together. The patient was immobilized using an American sling for 4 weeks. After 6 months of follow-up, the patient no longer presented pain or instability when movement of the sternoclavicular joint was required. Minor discomfort and slight prominence of the sternoclavicular joint continued to be present but did not affect the patient's activities. Thus, the patient was able to return to racing 6 months after the operation. Our
Arthritic Pain Relief through Partial Knee Replacement
Full Text Available ... Advil and anti-inflammatories, as well as some physical therapy. Continuing with other non-operative treatment modalities, she ... is the full knee replacement. Some of the benefits of a partial knee replacement include a less ...
Knee Pain and the Weekend Warriors
Full Text Available ... of that knee not being completely and totally flexible. But the knees bend right away. The next ... the past, but in other cases, they have led such active lives and they're so full ...
Knee Pain and the Weekend Warriors
Full Text Available ... knee joint so that we get extra blood flow into the knee. I want a little clot ... a stroke some years ago, and suffers from high blood pressure. Is an individual in their early ...
Arthritic Pain Relief through Partial Knee Replacement
Full Text Available ... doesn't have a lot of the mechanical sensations that a total knee replacement patient has, they ... a full knee replacement probably has a better sense of which one will be more helpful for ...
Arthritic Pain Relief through Partial Knee Replacement
Full Text Available ... is gone through the skin and we're working our way down to the knee joint capsule ... that medial partial knee replacements don't really work. So they come in with the idea that ...
Arthritic Pain Relief through Partial Knee Replacement
Full Text Available ... the arthritic knee that we see on the right where the cartilage is starting to break down ... different patient who underwent that procedure where the right opaque portion of the knee shows the partial ...
Knee Pain and the Weekend Warriors
Full Text Available ... of that knee not being completely and totally flexible. But the knees bend right away. The next ... is very dilated and the heart doesn't work that well, I'm more afraid of that ...
Arthritic Pain Relief through Partial Knee Replacement
Full Text Available ... bones grinding against each other, leading to pain, stiffness and inflammation. At times in younger patients this ... full knee replacement, what are the risks of stiffness with a partial knee replacement? Yeah, also known ...
Arthritic Pain Relief through Partial Knee Replacement
Full Text Available ... glossy layer of cartilage that's intact without any evidence of arthritis in other aspects of the knee. ... have in their knee from rupturing this ligament, evidence has shown that most of these patients do ...
Knee Pain and the Weekend Warriors
Full Text Available ... room you're going to see the end-stage or what happens to the knees that end ... what you're observing here is the last stage of preparation in the knee replacement in which ...
Arthritic Pain Relief through Partial Knee Replacement
Full Text Available ... aspect of the partial knee replacement at this stage is you'll see another cut in the ... all practice components. Now how important is this stage, Dr. McCauley, during the knee replacement? Well, it's ...
Knee Pain and the Weekend Warriors
Full Text Available ... this have a small tear propagate into a large tear, and that kind of tear can really ... knee replacement. So we're seeing a very large epidemic, if you would, of knee arthritis in ...
Arthritic Pain Relief through Partial Knee Replacement
Full Text Available ... is what you see on the left, which has a good full healthy layer of articular cartilage ... bone showing that only part of the knee has been replaced, whereas the rest of the knee ...
Arthritic Pain Relief through Partial Knee Replacement
Full Text Available ... to introduce our patient. We're going to go into the definition of arthritis. We're going ... a full knee replacement. We are going to go through a surgical video of a partial knee ...
Contribution to the study of screw dislocations; Contribution a l'etude des dislocations helicoidales
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Grilhe, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay aux Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires
The aim of this work is to study the germination, growth and properties of screw dislocations. In the introduction (first chapter), we describe briefly the main experimental results obtained by various authors (observations of screws by Amelinckx and Bontinck in ionic crystals, by Dash in silicon crystals and by Thomas and Whelan in aluminium based alloys). We then make a few considerations concerning characteristic geometry of screws and the various methods used for calculating the energy of a dislocation. In the second chapter we study the problems involving only slip of the screw around its cylinder. We calculate the equilibrium step as a function of the forces acting on the extremities. We determine the critical stress required to disrupt the screw and study the interactions between the screw and other dislocations of the lattice. In the third chapter we consider the problem of the stability when the dislocation can climb by absorption or emission of vacancies. We study separately the stability of the size which only involves volume diffusion and the stability of the shape which depends only on the rearrangement of the vacancies along the dislocation. In chapter four we put forward a germination model for the screws: since the vacancies are not absorbed by the screw dislocations, they form clusters which take up a spiral form. The formation of these spirals is studied from the geometrical point of view in face-centered cubic systems. In chapter five we make use of the results obtained in chapters two and three for studying the growth of the spirals. (author) [French] Le but de ce travail est d'etudier la germination, la croissance et les proprietes des dislocations helico ales. Dans l'introduction (premier chapitre), nous exposons brievement les principaux resultats experimentaux obtenus par differents auteurs (observations d'helice par Amelinckx et Bontinck dans les cristaux ioniques, par Dash dans des cristaux de silicium et par Thomas et
Knee extensor muscle weakness is a risk factor for development of knee osteoarthritis
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Oiestad, B E; Juhl, C B; Eitzen, I;
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between knee extensor muscle weakness and the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with literature searches in Medline, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE......, CINAHL, and AMED. Eligible studies had to include participants with no radiographic or symptomatic knee osteoarthritis at baseline; have a follow-up time of a minimum of 2 years, and include a measure of knee extensor muscle strength. Hierarchies for extracting data on knee osteoarthritis and knee...... extensor muscle strength were defined prior to data extraction. Meta-analysis was applied on the basis of the odds ratios (ORs) of developing symptomatic knee osteoarthritis or radiographic knee osteoarthritis in subjects with knee extensor muscle weakness. ORs for knee osteoarthritis and 95% confidence...
Slightly flexed knee position within a standard knee coil: MR delineation of the anterior cruciate ligament
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Niitsu, M.; Itai, Y. [Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 (Japan); Ikeda, K. [Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 (Japan)
The purpose of this study was to assess the value of positioning the knee slightly flexed within a standard MR knee coil in delineation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Within the confined space of a commercially available knee coil, knee could bend as much as 30 , average 17 of flexion. Sets of oblique sagittal MR images were obtained at both fully extended and slightly flexed positions. Twenty-two normal knees and 18 knees with ACL tears were examined and paired MR images were evaluated by two observers. Compared with knee extension, the MR images for knee flexion provided better clarity in 57 % of reviews of full length of the ACL and 53 % of the femoral attachment. In the extended position the anterior margin of the ligament was obscured due to partial averaging with the intercondylar roof. We recommend examining the knee in an achievable flexed position within the standard knee coil. (orig.) With 3 figs., 1 tab., 6 refs.
Slightly flexed knee position within a standard knee coil: MR delineation of the anterior cruciate ligament
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The purpose of this study was to assess the value of positioning the knee slightly flexed within a standard MR knee coil in delineation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Within the confined space of a commercially available knee coil, knee could bend as much as 30 , average 17 of flexion. Sets of oblique sagittal MR images were obtained at both fully extended and slightly flexed positions. Twenty-two normal knees and 18 knees with ACL tears were examined and paired MR images were evaluated by two observers. Compared with knee extension, the MR images for knee flexion provided better clarity in 57 % of reviews of full length of the ACL and 53 % of the femoral attachment. In the extended position the anterior margin of the ligament was obscured due to partial averaging with the intercondylar roof. We recommend examining the knee in an achievable flexed position within the standard knee coil. (orig.)
Radiographic assessment of knee joint rotation.
Straiton, J A; Todd, B; Venner, R M
A radiographic technique for measuring conjunct rotation at the knee joint is described. Conjunct rotation was demonstrated to occur over a greater range of values of flexion than conventionally believed. Rotation increased progressively as the knee extended, and was not confined to the last phase of extension. Consideration of such rotatory movement is relevant to the design of knee arthroplasties and also to possible mechanisms of non-bony injury of the knee.
Effects of different exercises on non-acute stage of osteoarthritis of the knee joint%运动对非急性期膝关节骨性关节炎患者的影响
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
目的::比较并评价不同运动方式对非急性期膝关节骨性关节炎患者的影响。方法:将1000例非急性期膝关节性关节炎患者经过筛选匹配分为非运动组和运动组,每组各500例。非运动组研究对象除日常生活与工作外,无其他锻炼活动;运动组研究对象按各自的体育爱好,从瑜伽、羽毛球、游泳、慢跑四项运动中选择一项,为运动组研究对象的每个成员制定一份个体化的运动方案,但保证运动组所有成员的运动强度评分相等。每3个月进行一次 KOOS 评分,将运动组与非运动组、运动组研究对象中不同运动之间进行统计分析。结果:运动组与非运动组研究对象数据在入组时 KOOS 评分、BMI、年龄对比均无差别,在3个月时两组数据的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在6、9、12个月时两组数据在 KOOS 评分及 BMI 方面的差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05); at 6th, 9th and 12th month, the differences in the KOOS score and BMI were statistically significant (P<0. 05). For the cases selecting badminton, swimming, and jogging, the differences in the KOOS score at entry and 12th month were statistically significant; however, for those selecting yoga, the differences before and after the exercise were not statis-tically significant. Conclusions: Long-term exercise can improve the function of knee joint, during which, badminton, swimming and jogging are obviously effective, but yoga effect is not obvious.
Clinical Application of Total Knee Arthroplasty on Patients with Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis
WU Zhi-sen; ZHENG Chen-xiao; Qi, Liang; CHANG Shang-yi
Objective: To investigate the clinical value of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis. Methods: The clinical data and efficacy of 26 patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis (26 knees) who were given TKA in our department from June 2012 to May 2013 were retrospectively observed and analyzed. The knee function scores before operation and after follow up were evaluated according to American HSS scoring standard. Results: At the end of follow up, of...
Riemann–Cartan Geometry of Nonlinear Dislocation Mechanics
Yavari, Arash
We present a geometric theory of nonlinear solids with distributed dislocations. In this theory the material manifold-where the body is stress free-is a Weitzenböck manifold, that is, a manifold with a flat affine connection with torsion but vanishing non-metricity. Torsion of the material manifold is identified with the dislocation density tensor of nonlinear dislocation mechanics. Using Cartan\\'s moving frames we construct the material manifold for several examples of bodies with distributed dislocations. We also present non-trivial examples of zero-stress dislocation distributions. More importantly, in this geometric framework we are able to calculate the residual stress fields, assuming that the nonlinear elastic body is incompressible. We derive the governing equations of nonlinear dislocation mechanics covariantly using balance of energy and its covariance. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
Interaction of two edge dislocations in free-space propagation
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
He De; Gao Zeng-Hui; Yan Hong-Wei; Lü Bai-Da
This paper studies in detail the interaction of two edge dislocations nested in a Gaussian beam propagating in free space. It shows that in free-space propagation the edge dislocations are unstable and vanish, and two noncanonical vortices with opposite topological charge take place when off-axis distances c1 and c2 of two edge dislocations are nonzero, and the condition k2w80 + 32c1c2(w20 - 2c1c2)z2 > 0 is fulfilled (k-wave number, w0-waist width). A noncanonical vortex appears when one off-axis distance is zero. However, one edge dislocation is stable when two edge dislocations are perpendicular and one off-axis distance is zero. Two perpendicular edge dislocations both with zero off-axis distance are also stable. The analytical results are illustrated by numerical examples.
Mechanism of Strain Rate Effect Based on Dislocation Theory
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
QIN Kun; Gang Li-Ming; HU Shi-Sheng
Based on dislocation theory,we investigate the mechanism of strain rate effect.Strain rate effect and dislocation motion are bridged by Orowan's relationship,and the stress dependence of dislocation velocity is considered as the dynamics relationship of dislocation motion. The mechanism of strain rate effect is then investigated qualitatively by using these two relationships although the kinematics relationship of dislocation motion is absent due to complicated styles of dislocation motion.The process of strain rate effect is interpreted and some details of strain rate effect are adequately discussed.The present analyses agree with the existing experimental results.Based on the analyses,we propose that strain rate criteria rather than stress criteria should be satisfied when a metal is fully yielded at a given strain rate.
Pattern formation in a minimal model of continuum dislocation plasticity
Sandfeld, Stefan; Zaiser, Michael
The spontaneous emergence of heterogeneous dislocation patterns is a conspicuous feature of plastic deformation and strain hardening of crystalline solids. Despite long-standing efforts in the materials science and physics of defect communities, there is no general consensus regarding the physical mechanism which leads to the formation of dislocation patterns. In order to establish the fundamental mechanism, we formulate an extremely simplified, minimal model to investigate the formation of patterns based on the continuum theory of fluxes of curved dislocations. We demonstrate that strain hardening as embodied in a Taylor-type dislocation density dependence of the flow stress, in conjunction with the structure of the kinematic equations that govern dislocation motion under the action of external stresses, is already sufficient for the formation of dislocation patterns that are consistent with the principle of similitude.
Scapular dislocation from trivial trauma: a rare case
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Landge Vikrant
Full Text Available 【Abstract】Dislocation of the scapula between the ribs and into the thoracic cage is a very rare event. Scapulothoracic dissociation though has been reported, usually occurs after a severe injury and is often associated with other serious injuries like brachial plexus or chest injury, etc. Ainscow has described a rare type that may occur due to slight violence with a pre-existing condition. Cases of isolated scapular dislocation after minor trauma have not been reported frequently in the literature. It is a distinct clinical entity and needs to be differentiated from other similar conditions. Here, we present a case of painless scapular dislocation associated with trivial trauma followed by spon-taneous reduction in a 10 years old girl. The patient had a recurrence of the dislocation before presenting to us. But she did not have any pre-existing condition for scapular dislocation. Key words: Scapula; Thorax; Shoulder dislocation
Proprioception in knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review
Knoop, J.; Leeden, M. van der; Lems, W.F.; Esch, M. van der
Objective: To give an overview of the literature on knee proprioception in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Method: A literature search was performed and reviewed using the narrative approach. Results: (1) Three presumed functions of knee proprioception have been described in the literature: prote
Knee Pain and the Weekend Warriors
Full Text Available ... talking a little bit about the kind of knee injuries that weekend warriors tend to have, and the ... symptom for those having either knee arthritis or knee injuries is obviously pain, and that's obviously what drives ...
Imaging strategies for knee injuries
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Injuries of the knees are common. The Ottawa knee rule provides decisional support to determine whether radiographs are indicated or not. With the use of ultrasound it is possible to detect defects of the extensor ligaments and the anterior cruciate ligament. Furthermore, it is possible to detect indirect signs of an intra-articular fracture, e.g. lipohemarthrosis. In complex fractures, e.g. tibial plateau fractures, further diagnostic procedures with multislice computed tomography (CT) are needed for accurate classification and preoperative planning. Multislice CT with CT angiography enables three-dimensional reconstruction of the knee and non-invasive vascular imaging for detection of vascular injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for detection of occult fractures and injuries of the ligaments and menisci. Higher field strengths can be used to improve the diagnostics of cartilage lesions. Virtual MR arthrography is superior to conventional MRI for detection of cartilage lesions especially after meniscus surgery. (orig.)
[Imaging strategies for knee injuries].
Hegenscheid, K; Puls, R; Rosenberg, C
Injuries of the knees are common. The Ottawa knee rule provides decisional support to determine whether radiographs are indicated or not. With the use of ultrasound it is possible to detect defects of the extensor ligaments and the anterior cruciate ligament. Furthermore, it is possible to detect indirect signs of an intra-articular fracture, e.g. lipohemarthrosis. In complex fractures, e.g. tibial plateau fractures, further diagnostic procedures with multislice computed tomography (CT) are needed for accurate classification and preoperative planning. Multislice CT with CT angiography enables three-dimensional reconstruction of the knee and non-invasive vascular imaging for detection of vascular injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for detection of occult fractures and injuries of the ligaments and menisci. Higher field strengths can be used to improve the diagnostics of cartilage lesions. Virtual MR arthrography is superior to conventional MRI for detection of cartilage lesions especially after meniscus surgery. PMID:23154845
Has the management of shoulder dislocation changed over time?
Chalidis, Byron; Sachinis, Nick; Dimitriou, Christos; Papadopoulos, Pericles; Samoladas, Efthimios; Pournaras, John
Anterior shoulder dislocation is a disabling injury affecting all ages, young and old alike. Recently, the treatment of traumatic shoulder dislocation has included immobilisation for varying periods of time followed by physiotherapy. This study is the first in this country to address the demographic data and recurrence rates of shoulder dislocation. Three hundred and eight patients (170 men and 138 women) were followed up for an average of 5.9 years. The most frequent mechanism of injury was ...
Shoulder dislocation in patients older than 60 years of age
Rapariz Jose; Martin-Martin Silvia; Pareja-Bezares Antonio; Ortega-Klein Jose
Purpose: Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation in elderly patients is a little studied condition. The goal of this paper is to clarify the role of associated injuries with respect to loss of function and recurrence of dislocation. Materials and Methods: We have conducted a retrospective, descriptive study on 29 patients older than 60 years at the moment they suffered their first dislocation episode. All patients were assessed clinically (Constant test) and by imaging testing (X-ray, MRI). ...
Bilateral locked posterior shoulder dislocation in a footballer.
Ryan, J; Whitten, M
Posterior dislocation of the shoulder is an uncommon injury, accounting for between 2% and 4% of all shoulder dislocations. It occurs most frequently in patients following convulsions or direct anterior force to the shoulder. It is a particularly uncommon injury in sport. This paper reports an unusual case of bilateal locked posteriorly dislocated shoulders in a previously healthy young man who fell while playing football.
Audit on necessity of radiographs in anterior shoulder dislocations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
K. Ahmadi, M.D
Full Text Available AbstractBackground and Purpose: Anterior shoulder dislocation is the most common major joint dislocation. In most cases, this dislocation is being relocated in emergency departments. Routinely, pre and post reduction radiographs are performed. This study was done to determine the necessity of radiographs in the emergency department for management of patients with suspected anterior shoulder dislocation.Materials and Methods: In this case series study, 116 patients suspected of anterior shoulder dislocation were referred to Hazrat Rasoul Akram and Haftome Tir Hospitals emergency departments in Tehran, and were investigated for a one year period. The emergency physicians evaluated and documented the possibility of dislocation or relocation, before obtaining radiographs. Outcome measures were the assessment of joint positions on the x-rays by an orthopedic surgeon.Results: 84 cases (72% were male and 32 cases (28% were female. Mean age of the patients was 31.5±8.5 yrs. Thirty (30 patients had recurrent dislocations without traumatic mechanism (group 1 and eighty six (86 patients had no prior dislocation or a blunt mechanism of injury (group 2. The accuracy of the emergency physician's assessment in dislocations was 100% in group 1 and 98% in group 2. False assessments occurred only in patients with fractures. There is no significant difference between emergency physicians and orthopedic surgeons in the assessment of dislocations and relocations, when the emergency physicians did accuralty diagnose them.Conclusion: Our study showed that the physicians are highly accurate in clinical determination of anterior shoulder dislocation and relocation. Pre-reduction films should be obtained when the mechanism of injury is trauma. Post-reduction films should be obtained in fracture-dislocations or when the physicians are uncertain of correct relocation.