text:
find it. watch it.
search movies, tv, zip codes & more
press enter to see all results
Movies in Theaters
Movies Coming Soon
New on DVD
New on Netflix
Log in
Log in
to view your profile
Don't have an account?
Register Here
Log in
movie times & tickets
Theaters Near Me
My Favorite Theaters
Movies Main
Movie Trailers
Coming Soon
Movie Genres
TV Main
Late Night
TV Genres
new on dvd
DVD All
DVD Coming Soon
New On Netflix
Exclusive Interviews
Movie Trailers
Moviefone Originals
More Galleries |
view all
11 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About John Boyega
35 Best Movies on Netflix Right Now
The 12 Most Underrated Disney Movies Ever Made
11 Times Leonard Was Secretly the Best Part of 'The Big Bang Theory'
18 Mistakes You Never Noticed in Big Thrillers
Summer Movies 2017: The 40 Most Anticipated Blockbusters, Horror Movies, and More
The 36 Best Irish Movies
March 14, 2016
at 12:10pm
Jonny Black
irish films
irish movies
st patricks day
More Galleries
view all
13 Worst Horror Movies Set in Space, Ranked by Terribleness
7 Creepy Horror Movie Kids That Will Give You Nightmares
Will Ferrell's 29 Funniest Characters Ever, Ranked
18 Times Buffy Summers Was the BAMF We All Needed
Seth Rogen's 5 Best R-Rated Comedies
11 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About John Boyega
35 Best Movies on Netflix Right Now
16 Carrie Bradshaw Quotes That Still Apply to Everyday Life
15 Mistakes You Never Noticed in Period Movies
Hulu's 9 Best Original Series, Ranked
The 17 Best Horror Movies You've (Probably) Never Seen
32 Times Jeffrey Dean Morgan Was the Man of Our Dreams
The 18 Best Sci-Fi Movies on Netflix Right Now
18 Mistakes You Never Noticed in Big Thrillers
13 '90s Horror Movies Hollywood Should Definitely Remake
Every David Fincher Movie, Ranked
9 Steamy Movies From the Last 20 Years That Are Just Too Sexy
8 Movie Comedy Flops That Deserve a Second Chance
16 Classic 'Star Trek' Episodes You Must Watch in Honor of Leonard Nimoy's Birthday
The 26 Best Friendships on 'Grey's Anatomy,' Ranked by Awesomeness
33 Mistakes You Missed in Huge Action Movies
18 Movies You Didn't Like Then, But Really Love Now
17 Irish Movies on Netflix
Every DreamWorks Animation Movie, Ranked From Worst to Best
The 18 Best R-Rated Sci-Fi Movies Ever, Ranked
9 Home Invasion Movies That Will Make You Want to Bolt Your Doors
14 Movies That Will Give You All the High School Nostalgia
14 Reasons Tim Riggins Will Always Be the Brooding 'FNL' Bad Boy of Our Dreams
16 Great Movies That You Will (Sadly) Never See
11 Things You (Probably) Don't Know About Rebecca Ferguson
Every 'Fast and the Furious' Film, Ranked from Worst to Best
19 Times Shawn Spencer Was Our Goofy 'Psych' Spirit Animal
13 Great Action Movies That Will Scare the Sh** Out of You
11 Memorable Movies That Are Ultimate #BFFGOALS
The 13 Best Horror Franchises, Ranked
14 Infamous Movies That Were a Real Pain in the A** to Make
5 Great Indie Horror Movies You Need to Watch Right Now
29 Mistakes You Never Noticed in Huge Sci-fi Movies
Most Popular Articles
Director James Gray Breaks Down the Final Shot in 'The Lost City of...
'Fate of the Furious' Stays on Top; 'Unforgettable,' 'The Promise' Bomb
See 'Once Upon a Time' Musical Episode Promo (and Hook's Wedding Tux)
Here's Why 'Fate of the Furious' Can Only Be Stopped by 'Guardians of...
Here Are Release Dates for 'Deadpool 2,' 'Avatar' Sequels, More 'X-Men' Movies
by Gravity
Stay Connected
Download App
Sign Up for Newsletter
help & faq
terms of service
privacy policy
about our ads
about us
© 2017 Aol Inc. All Rights Reserved. Part of AOL-HuffPost Entertainment.


text:
Haralson, Smith named to Arkansas Tourism Hall of Fame
Chuck Haralson and Ken Smith were inducted into the Arkansas Tourism Hall of Fame during the 43rd annual Governor's Conference on Tourism
DELHI — That Qutb Minar minaret? Check. Rickshaw ride through a crush of people and an overload of sight and smell in Old Delhi. Check. Smoking hot Bengali food. Check. Snake charmer. Check. Elephant and monkey crossing busy four-lane. Check. Pictures later. And, yes, Mom is at rest among the mums and marigolds in the garden of that colonial hotel.
DOGTOWN (which I say affectionately as a former resident) — Checking e-mail I find a release of late commercial by North Little Rock Police Chief Danny Bradley endorsing Joe Smith for mayor in Tuesday's runoff. Smith has worked closely with Bradley as part of retiring Mayor Pat Hays' administration. The Fraternal Order of Police has backed Tracy Steele who led voting in the first primary.
Showing 1-30 of 30
Looks like French voters have gone for Le Pen, the female hard right Trump clone…
Watching scientists troll conservatives is a delight. It should happen more often. To bad scientists…
When our resident trolls finish their big Sunday lunch and nap, they'll be here to…
Cover Story / Arkansas Reporter / The Week That Was / The Observer / Editorial / Max Brantley / Ernest Dumas / Gene Lyons / Jay Barth / Words / Guest Writer / Letters
A&E Feature / To-Do List / In Brief / Movie Reviews / Music Reviews / Theater Reviews / A&E News / Art Notes / Media / Dining Reviews / Dining Guide / Calendar / Gallery Listings

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Late Fee Manager works seamlessly with Quickbooks & Xero
How Late Fee Manager works
LFM reviews all unpaid invoices in your Quickbooks/Xero account nightly. This is done shortly after midnight in your timezone, just as the date changes.
Based on your personalized settings, LFM automatically detects when a late fee invoice is necessary based on your late fee policy and the due dates that you specify.
LFM creates the late fee invoices for you and all of your invoices are pre-filled.
With email options enabled, the late fee invoices are automatically emailed directly to your customers.
Why you should use Late Fee Manager
Set it and forget it
Simply set up your fee policy and payment reminder settings, then let us go to work for you! Gone are the days of manually reviewing your accounts receivable for overdue payments, typing up emails or making those dreaded collection phone calls. Nothing motivates prompt payment like a late fee. Let us motivate your customers to pay on time while you focus on the important things
Make AR collections less personal
Maintaining client relationships and the tension of collection phone calls don't mix well. We add a buffer between you and your client as your late fee policy representatives.
Unparalleled ROI
We understand that smart small business owners are always looking for the best bang for their buck. That's why we are focused on a product that not only produces a return on your investment, but often pays for itself many times over.
Personalize your late fee policy
Set your late fee policy to charge customers fees the day after the due date, or apply as long of a grace period as you would like. Fee amounts can be set to a flat amount, a percentage of the balance, a combination of the two, or the greater amount (evaluated per invoice).
Automate payment reminder emails
Automate payment reminder emails to be sent out daily based on aging invoice due dates. You can personalize email templates for before, on and past due date reminders, allowing for a varying tone in each one.
Personalized email templates for payment reminders and late fee notifications
Our personalized email templates allow you to customize the emails we send to your customers on your behalf. You can customize email templates for four types of customer email notifications – Payment reminders sent before the invoice due date, payment reminders sent on the due date invoice, payment reminders sent after the invoice due date (recurring) and late fee charge invoice notifications. You can set the tone of each email to be playful, forceful, or whatever you see fit for your customer communications.
Selectively charge late fees by customer
Apply your late fee policy to all customers or just some. We allow you to easily select your problem payers and apply your late fee policy only as needed.
What our users say about us
We are seeing desired results. People are spurred into action with a $35 late fee.
-I want to double down on my recent comment about LFMs effectiveness. Customers are getting off the snide and making payments.
Nothing motivates prompt payment like a late fee
Automate your Accounts Receivable.
Stop wasting valuable time and resources by manually managing your AR. We create payment reminders and invoices, charge late fees/service charges, and email your customers for you. You simply set up your preferences in your Account Settings, and we take from there.
Sit back, relax and get paid.
In addition to all the time wasted, chasing overdue invoices simply does not work as well as the incentive provided by a late fee. Quite simply, late fees are the most efficient means to motivate prompt payment. We take the work out the process so you can focus on your business.
Increase your cash flow.
Overdue accounts and a disrupted cash flow can choke a business and it's growth potential. Stop lending money for free. If you you are out money owed for a period of time, with our service you are at least compensated for it like any other business or institution.
Sign up today for a free trial!
*No credit card required


text:
volunteer from Maryland
Panama | Ultimate Frisbee and Leadership Camp
volunteer from Maryland
This grant will fund a four day national Ultimate Frisbee & Leadership Camp for Panamanian Youth that will promote gender equality and teach leadership skills to youth through Ultimate Frisbee. Throughout the camp participants will take part in a variety of different activities such as goal setting and future planning and will learn about how all of this relates to leadership. By participating in Ultimate Frisbee drills and games they will be given the opportunity work both as leaders and as teammates. The community is providing the dorms, kitchen, field, and classrooms, for the participants and facilitators to use during the camp. By the end of the camp all participants will have gained the skills necessary to form and lead Ultimate Frisbee clubs in their communities.


text:
You are here: Home > gifts for children > money boxes > My First Million Nest Egg
Feather your nest with the eggcellent stash of cash you'll save in your new 'My First Million' Nest Egg. Your buck-buck-bwurrrks will look after themselves when you get into the habit of dropping your spare pennies into your egg-shaped savings pot.
You can stop scratching about for that bit of change and chill the cluck out, knowing that your cash is just mounting up in your nest egg. Don't be a chicken dipper, start paving your way to your first million right now.
Fabulous gift for my son, made him laugh!! Lovely quality and packaging. I would thoroughly recommend this for the people in your life who leave their change everywhere.
I got this as a gift for someone who really needs to watch the pennies! I would highly recommend the product, I got it for someone in their 20s.
Jamila Lei | 06/01/17
Back To The Top


text:
Shipping (Shipdex)
OneStrand has experience in supplying specialized technical services and solutions for complex data specifications for the ship manufacturing industry, including Shipdex
Read More
Rail (Raildex)
OneStrand utilize management software solutions that help you to seemlessly flow product engineering data from configuration right through to product delivery
Read More
Extend the power of your Illustrated Parts information, and reduce work time and the risk of wrong orders by allowing the maintainer to order their parts directly from OneStrand's online parts viewer.
Read More
Automotive manufacturers rely on accurate data in the design, build and management of vehicles. Whether you're developing maintenance schedules, technical service bulletins, configuring new models or producing vehicle documentation, up-to-date information is critical.
Read More
From the Blog
OneStrand's 60-Day Countdown to resolving Your Pain of Outdated S1000D Solutions at the 2017 S1000D User Forum!5 minutes
Does your old S1000D Solution fulfill your current delivery expectations? Is your current solution evolving with your needs, or does it cause you more pain than it solves? Our customers are telling us they are facing these pain points with their current old and outdated S1000D Dinosaur Solution: The system only handles checking in one
Read More
Video and Audio Interviews
Radio Interview: OneStrand secure Virgin Galactic Contract!5 minutes
During this Radio Interview, OneStrand's Co-Founder Tammy Halter chats with ABC Brisbane Radio Host, Steve Austin about the recent Virgin Galactic Contract win.
Read More
Upcoming Webinar
What's NEW in Version 4.2 of the S1000D Specification?30 minutes
Take advantage of this opportunity to learn more about the key changes and updates implemented - register today!
Read More


text:
STARmeterSEE RANK
Up 113,725 this week
Masayoshi Nogami (1940–2010)
Masayoshi Nogami was born on March 2, 1940 in Shiranuka-gun, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. He was an actor and director, known for Kôfun!! (1969), Dorei mibôjin (1967) and Chikan tômei ningen me-me-me: Part 2 (1977). He died on December 22, 2010 in Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. See full bio »
Died:(age 70) in Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan


text:
Last Update
is this you? Claim your profile.
is this you? Claim your profile.
Senior Campaign Manager
HQ Phone:  (866) 478-0326
Direct Phone: (866) ***-**** ext. ****
+ Get 10 Free Contacts a Month
I agree to the  Terms of Service and  Privacy Policy. I understand that I will receive a subscription to ZoomInfo Grow at no charge in exchange for downloading and installing the ZoomInfo Contact Contributor utility which, among other features, involves sharing my business contacts as well as headers and signature blocks from emails that I receive.
It's free and takes 30 seconds
4900 N Scottsdale Rd, Suite 4000
Scottsdale, Arizona,85251
United States
Integrate.com is a next generation multi-channel advertising marketplace. Integrate is a next generation multi-channel advertising marketplace. We apply new technology to streamline the media buying and selling process. Through the fusion of online and offli... more.
Other People with the name Farris
Carolina Accounting & Tax Solutions
University of London , United Kingdom
Hunter House Hamburgers


text:
Online Dating in Luton for Free
The only 100% Free Online Dating site for dating, love, relationships and friendship. Register
HERE and chat with other Luton singles
How do you sort the genuine from the players!I'm honest and trustworthy, also fairly independent and self-sufficient. Not going to say too much here, you can find out if we meet. Do enjoy a glass of fizzIf your looking for a skinny gir
Luton England igiveup11 55 Single Woman Seeking Men
GOD..Family..Basketball Insta&snapchat : sixth6manIt goes down in the DM's..........snapchat me that...
Luton England Cj3577 30 Single Man Seeking Women
Kept you waiting,huh?Never really know what to put in these things... If you understand what my motto is from you receive my eternal love and respect.
Luton England Liam12LUFC 24 Single Man Seeking Women
nice and out goingout goin, like goin out wiv mates enjoyin life as it comes..... life is to short to do nothin and worry..... never say no 2 a few drinks lol........like up to date music and a bit of motown have 1 chi
Luton England whateveruwantit 35 Single Woman Seeking Men
Hey ??I do enjoy gaming in my free time, however I'm quite adventurous, I like travelling about to new places and would love to travel the world, I have recently come out of a 2 year relationship back in No
Luton England Jason5831 20 Single Man Seeking Women
HERE to use this Free Dating Service, and start contacting other users for free
Hey, Whats up hello?Where can i begin...I'm 30 from Luton.Friendly, passionate, adventurous with a GSOH..just hold that thought! i'll just keep you in suspense from there. But if your interested, send
Luton England AznLady86 31 Single Woman Seeking Women
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30


text:
Fifty Shades Darker (2017) vs. Working Girl (1988)
- Dakota's homage to her Mom, Melanie Griffith ♡
Fifty Shades Darker (2017) vs. Working Girl (1988)
I'm in love. There're so cute together
Fifty Shades Darker Photo Shoot | Behind The Scenes | Part 02
The Royal Family of Hakalo (Sofia the First)
King Kamea, Queen Halia, and Princess Lei-Lani!
Dakota Johnson at the LA Premiere of Fifty Shades Darker.
Did you have a change to experience something more of Germany doing those trips?
Princess Kari in The Princess Ballet (Sofia the first)
She is the daughter of King Oberlyn and Queen Tessa!
Voiced by Kiara Muhammad
"I know she was important to you. I'm sorry."
"Are you?"
Holy cow … This beautiful man wants me back, and deep down inside me sweet joy slowly unfurls like a morning glory in the early dawn.
Dakota Johnson slaying on the red carpet at the Oscars 2017.
Daisy Johnson week → Day One: Favorite Episode
❝I can do this. I am meant to save this man. I can feel it.❞
Fifty Shades Daker Photoshoot — Damie 1/?
Jamie and Dakota on the backstage of the Oscars 2017
" Christian doesn't abuse Ana, she is not a victim. She is not a sad, weak-minded like…passive person. She is strong and confident and is exploring her body and her sexuality in a private environment with someone that she loves. " - Dakota Johnson about Fifty Shades being seen as a movie that promotes abusive relationships
Dakota and Jamie been so cute. There're perfect.
Fifty Shades Darker | BTS
Dakota, do you think it's fair that we saw way less of Jamie Dornan's body in "Fifty Shades" that we saw of yours?


text:
Newport Beach, Orange County, California is the richest U.S. city. The city's median family income and property values consistently place high in national rankings making Newport Beach one of the wealthiest communities in California, and in United States overall. More than a quarter households have an income greater than 0,000, and the median value for homes exceeds million.
Like this Post? Subscribe to Our Feed!
Famous Words of Inspiration..."Hope is itself a species of happiness, and, perhaps, the chief happiness which this world affords: but, like all other pleasures immoderately enjoyed, the excesses of hope must be expiated by pain; and expectations improperly indulged must end in disappointment."


text:
Stansport Single Burner Propane Stove; 201
Item # 449649
Additional Information:
- This item can only be shipped to U.S. addresses.
Your Overtons.com Session is About to Expire!
Chrome-plated Anti-Clog burner grid
Regulator on/off control knob
"Dura Base" with tip-resistant feet
1 lb. 14 oz.
Chrome-plated Anti-Clog burner grid (7-1/2" diameter) will support most pots or pans. Regulator on/off control knob. Includes "Dura Base" with tip-resistant feet which holds 16.4 ounce disposable propane gas cylinder (not included). 10,000 B.T.U. Weight: 1 lb. 14 oz. Not intended for indoor use.
Share your pictures
of life on the water.


text:
Discover a selection of top forums roleplay technika p10 on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums roleplay technika p10 and meet other fans of roleplay technika p10. Then, why don't you create your own forum of roleplay technika p10 ?
The future's in your paws. Shape it well. Roleplay in a cat Clan of warriors. Based off the Warriors series by Erin Hunter. Takes place during the time before the cats in the books existed.
warrior, clan, cats, #roleplay, riverclan, thunderclan, windclan, shadowclan, good, erin, hunter, warriors, active, portal, forum, skyclan, catkin, kitties, animal
Where the lives of the cats you followed in the books become the real thing; and so much more! Everyone is welcome here, so join in the roleplay fun today!
free, forum, warriorclan, warriors, erin, hunter, #roleplay, warrior, cats, tribe, role, play, written, clans
A free D&D RPG site. All ages are welcomed here, literate and non-literate. We host a Dungeons & Dragons Game and entire site is solely based on it.
dragon, draxion, forum, #roleplay, fantasy, dungeon, elves, sci-fi, roleplaying, fiction, games, chat
The most powerful star in the universe. The place where worlds are created, stars are born, legends die and Sailor Moon lives forever.
sailor, moon, galaxy, cauldron, bssm, pgssm, anime, manga, #roleplay, rping, tumblr, venus, mars, mercury, jupiter, neptune, uranus, pluto, saturn, star
Convo's R Here
darkhikaridevil, role, play, convo, convo's, darksupersonic14, anime, writing
A free roleplaying, writing, blogging, and art community. Legends is welcoming, friendly, and has fair moderation. Come join the adventures, creativity, and fun!
#roleplay, legends, lore, fantasy, games, battles, empires, free, writers, gaming, romance, adventure, drama, stories, action, sci-fi, science, fiction, dragons, elves, centaur, writing, blog, blogging, contest, advertiseme
A Neverwinter Nights 2 Persistent World server
nerverwinter, nights, nwn2, persistant, world, role, play, dalelands, persistent, fantasy, dungeons, dragons, forgotten, realm, dales, elminster, neverwinter, #roleplay, game, server
Join Kursaga to role play with the other members! Don't be shy, make an RP!
#roleplay, website, roleplaying, join, multi-genre
Naruto forum roleplay with free progression to get the character you want, T1 and free rules, constant updates, your own story, great community, great systems, great events.
naruto, easy, progression, character, nrpg, forum, anime, sasuke, jutsu, free
A roleplaying place with everything, except happiness.
#roleplay, haven, roleplaying, place, with, everything, except, happiness
After the destruction of the multiverse, Portal Breach was created to be a safe haven for those that survived and managed to make their way here. Join us as any canon or original character!
#roleplay, portal, breach, collision, worlds, cartoon, crossover, roleplaying, site, role-playing, role, playing, play, role-play
Free forum : A RolePlay forum for the Zoids series. All levels of writer/Roleplayer are welcome to join. Full stat system and plenty of room for players to improve as they write.
zoids, #roleplay, series, levels, writer, roleplayer, join, stat, plenty, room, players, improve
Free forum : A fantasy roleplay based around an original idea.
free, forum, elementorum, lupine, fantasy, #roleplay, based, around, original, idea
Welcome to Kingdom Keys, a Kingdom Hearts Roleplay Forum! Casual and Expert Roleplayers alike are welcome to join in, we only ask that you play nice!
kingdom, hearts, #roleplay, forum!, casual, expert, roleplayers, alike, join, play, nice
A semi Alternate Universe Bleach RolePlay
bleach:, damnation, semi, alternate, universe, bleach, #roleplay
The Ebon Circle is a Feral Heart based Roleplay and Social Group about the Kreptis species
ebon, circle, feral, heart, based, #roleplay, social, group, about, kreptis, species
Free forum : The era of the Black Knights is now.
A brand new warriors roleplay, set a few years after the recent books, where all past cats are replaced with new faces. Have fun!
moon, brand, warriors, #roleplay, years, books, current, cats, replaced, fun!
Roleplay, roleplay everywhere.
completely, useless, information, #roleplay, everywhere
Welcome to the world of Pokemon, Were you roleplay with your friends and have lots of Fun!!
The guide to setting up an RP on forumotion
#roleplay, resource, guide, forumotion
We are a small group of friends dedicated to immersive story-building, and enjoyable roleplay in a high fantasy setting. We are a private, invite only group.
inspiration, fear, small, group, friends, dedicated, immersive, story-building, enjoyable, #roleplay, high, fantasy, setting, private, invite, only
Please feel free to join and take part in the many rps that have been posted up! The site is currently trying to bring in new people, so please! Bring your Magic! ! ! ! : )
free, forum, animagic, site, text, based, role, play, group, anime, manga, writing, discussion, poetry, poems, japan, #roleplay, creative, video, games, naruto, inuyasha
A post-apocalyptic roleplay group based in the game Feral-Heart
lands, ruin, post-apocalyptic, #roleplay, group, based, game, feral-heart
Free forum : A roleplay forum in a crossed over world.
free, forum, crossover, #roleplay, mania, crossed, over, world, role, play, anime, cartoon, literature, create
Brickworks Minecraft Build Team
brickworks, minecraft, buildteam, builds, free, planetminecraft, maps, fantasy, #roleplay, minehut, slimeemperor, kazpers
A community of writers, role players, and friends. Dedicated to expanding their skills, and creating a world that transcends the normal and reaches the
free, forum, #roleplay, palace, where, just, about, anything, else!
Free forum : AU Harry Potter Universe, The First war was never ended and still continuing as Voldemort never paid the Potter family a visit that fateful night.
wizarding, world, #roleplay, alternate, universe, harrypotter, magic, harry, potter, voldemort, hogwarts, canon, characters, school, timeline, rowling, witchcra


text:
Explorez Honte Ess, Honte Iamagallagher et plus encore !
Honte Ess,Honte Iamagallagher,Impudique Accro
shameless cast + favorite selfie on instagram
Calendrier Avril 2016 #Shameless https://www.hypnoseries.tv/shameless/
Cameron Monaghan & Steve Howey
I believe these PA Colleges represent the cast of Shameless perfectly!
Cameron Monaghan
Together | We Heart It
Ethan and Emma from Season one to season seven


text:
Secrecy News Blog: https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/
Under ordinary circumstances, the U.S. Army relies on high-speed digital communications. But sometimes that is not an option, and soldiers must revert to more primitive methods.
"When electrical and/or digital means of communication are inadequate, or not available," a new Army publication explains, messages may be transmitted "through the use of hand-and-arm signals, flags, pyrotechnics, and other visual aids." Many of those alternate communication methods are described in Visual Signals, U.S. Army Training Circular TC 3-21.60, March 2017.
So, for example, "To signal 'chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear attack,' extend the arms and fists. Bend the arms to the shoulders. Repeat. (See figure 1-16.)"
Of course, hand and arm signals have limitations. For one thing, they may be misunderstood.
"Visual signals are generally contextual in nature. For example, the hand-and-arm signal for 'take cover' and 'slow down' are similar in their perspective movements, however the situation in which each is given is completely different."
Also, "The range and reliability of visual communications are significantly reduced during periods of poor visibility and when terrain restricts observation."
Finally, visual or gestural communications "are vulnerable to enemy interception and may be used for deception purposes," the new Army publication said.
The U.S. defense budget is comprised of several distinct components, including "base" and supplemental spending, nuclear weapons expenses, veterans benefits, and other defense-related costs.
When discussing "the defense budget," it is therefore important to specify what is being described. Depending on what is included or excluded, "total" U.S. defense spending each year can vary by hundreds of millions of dollars.
This definitional question is neatly illustrated in a new graphic from the Congressional Research Service. See How People Talk About the FY2017 National Defense Budget.
Other new and updated publications from the Congressional Research Service include the following.
Defense Primer: The National Defense Budget Function (050), CRS In Focus, March 17, 2017:
Defense Primer: DOD Contractors, CRS In Focus, February 10, 2017:
Defense Primer: Procurement, CRS In Focus, February 10, 2017:
Military Transition Assistance Program (TAP): An Overview, CRS In Focus, March 15, 2017:
Supreme Court Appointment Process: Consideration by the Senate Judiciary Committee, updated March 17, 2017:
Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations in Brief, updated March 17, 2017:
Sanctuary Jurisdictions and Select Federal Grant Funding Issues: In Brief, March 16, 2017:
The Decennial Census: Issues for 2020, March 16, 2017:
A Survey of House and Senate Committee Rules on Subpoenas, updated March 16, 2017:
Medicare Primer, updated March 16, 2017:
Pending ACA Legal Challenges Face Uncertain Future, CRS Legal Sidebar, March 16, 2017:
Statutory, Average, and Effective Marginal Tax Rates in the Federal Individual Income Tax: Background and Analysis, March 16, 2017:
Should the U.S. Trade Deficit be Redefined?, CRS Insight, March 17, 2017:
Moving On: TPP Signatories Meet in Chile, CRS Insight, March 16, 2017:
Navy Lasers, Railgun, and Hypervelocity Projectile: Background and Issues for Congress, updated March 17, 2017:
Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress, updated March 17, 2017:
Navy John Lewis (TAO-205) Class Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress, updated March 17, 2017:
Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress, updated March 16, 2017:
Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.
The Secrecy News blog is at:
To SUBSCRIBE to Secrecy News, go to:
To UNSUBSCRIBE, go to:
OR email your request to email@example.com
Secrecy News is archived at:
Secrecy News Blog: https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/
Most people are not going to read a book-length study of nuclear weapons command and control, and they shouldn't have to. But those who need a quick sketch -- whether they are reporters, students, or regular citizens -- can now find a concise, two-page introduction to the topic from the Congressional Research Service. See Defense Primer: Command and Control of Nuclear Forces, CRS In Focus, December 1, 2016.
This document is part of a series of some three dozen "defense primers" that were prepared lately by CRS for new members of Congress in order to explain "key aspects of the Department of Defense and how Congress exercises authority over it." The reports can serve the same purpose for interested members of the public.
The CRS primers naturally will not turn readers into experts. But they generally do an excellent job of presenting complex or obscure matters in clear language that almost anyone can understand, while identifying key policy issues, and introducing the essential vocabulary used to address them. The fact that CRS has no particular institutional stake in those issues enhances the credibility of the reports and makes them useful to readers of any persuasion, and to those who don't yet know what to think.
Among the titles in the series are these:
Defense Primer: Intelligence Support to Military Operations, CRS In Focus, December 30, 2016:
Defense Primer: Organization of U.S. Ground Forces, CRS In Focus, December 29, 2016:
Defense Primer: Commanding U.S. Military Operations, CRS In Focus, December 13, 2016:
Defense Primer: Ballistic Missile Defense, CRS In Focus, December 12, 2016:
Defense Primer: Cyberspace Operations, CRS In Focus, December 8, 2016:
Defense Primer: Legal Authorities for the Use of Military Forces, CRS In Focus, December 7, 2016:
Defense Primer: Congress's Constitutional Authority with Regard to the Armed Forces, CRS In Focus, December 7, 2016:
Defense Primer: Budgeting for National and Defense Intelligence, CRS In Focus, December 5, 2016:
Defense Primer: The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), CRS In Focus, November 16, 2016:
Defense Primer: Geography, Strategy, and U.S. Force Design, CRS In Focus, October 14, 2016:
Every report in the CRS defense primer series is available here:
Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.
The Secrecy News blog is at:
To SUBSCRIBE to Secrecy News, go to:
To UNSUBSCRIBE, go to:
OR email your request to firstname.lastname@example.com
Secrecy News is archived at:
Secrecy News Blog: https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/
The US Air Force should practice an information policy of "maximum disclosure, minimum delay," says a newly revised Air Force directive. See Air Force Instruction 35-107, Public Web and Social Communication, 15 March 2017:
"The free flow of information between the government and the public is essential to a democratic society. It is also essential that the government minimize the federal paperwork burden on the public, minimize the cost of its information activities and maximize the usefulness of government information," the Instruction said.
Information that is classified, inaccurate, or obscene is not to be posted. But Air Force websites should maintain online reading rooms for information "that has been requested via FOIA or could be requested via FOIA."
Furthermore, "the Air Force views personal Web sites and weblogs positively, and it respects the right of Airmen to use them as a medium of self-expression."
By itself, the new policy does not mean that the Air Force is now practicing maximum disclosure or that it will necessarily do so in the future. The policy is not self-enforcing.
Still, it represents an official statement of Air Force values, and it therefore provides a point of leverage that can be used by anyone, in the service or among the public, who would seek to uphold those values in practice.
The new version of the Instruction contrasts with the previous version of AFI 35-107 that was released in 2009 and that took a notably less upbeat and more restrictive approach to public disclosure of Air Force information.
Sometimes eating bugs may be the right thing to do.
"When food is limited and insects are available, they can become a valuable food source."
That bit of practical wisdom comes from a new US Air Force Handbook on Survival Evasion Resistance Escape (SERE) Operations that was published this week.
However, "Caterpillars with hairs should be avoided. If eaten, the hairs may become lodged in the throat causing irritation or infection."
More promisingly, "The praying mantis. . . contains 58 percent protein, 12 percent fat, three percent ash, vitamin B complex, and vitamin A. The insect's outer skeleton is an interesting compound of sugar and amino acids."
The Air Force Handbook addresses the needs of an Air Force individual who has been captured or otherwise isolated by accident or operational mishap. Whatever his or her mission may have been before, the new mission immediately becomes to "return to friendly control without giving aid or comfort to the enemy, to return early and in good physical and mental condition."
The 652-page Handbook provides detailed guidance on how, with good fortune, that might be accomplished.
The military SERE program became somewhat notorious in recent years because early post-9/11 CIA interrogation techniques such as water-boarding were derived in part from SERE training. The new Air Force SERE Handbook makes only passing reference to torture and interrogation and does not mention water-boarding.
Former President Barack Obama "is gearing up to throw himself into the wonky and highly partisan issue of redistricting, with the goal of reversing the electoral declines Democrats experienced under his watch," the Washington Post and other news outlets reported this week.
The legal framework governing redistricting is discussed in a new report from the Congressional Research Service. See Congressional Redistricting Law: Background and Recent Court Rulings, March 23, 2017:
Other new and updated reports from the Congressional Research Service include the following.
Pipeline Security: Recent Attacks, CRS Insight, updated March 21, 2017:
A Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress, updated March 23, 2017:
State and Local "Sanctuary" Policies Limiting Participation in Immigration Enforcement, March 23, 2017:
Stafford Act Assistance and Acts of Terrorism, March 22, 2017:
The Financial Action Task Force: An Overview, updated March 23, 2017:
Issues with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, March 24, 2017:
Commercial Truck Safety: Overview, March 21, 2017:
Collective Bargaining and the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute: Selected Legal Issues, March 21, 2017:
An Overview of Accreditation of Higher Education in the United States, updated March 23, 2017:
Budget Actions in 2017, March 22, 2017:
Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations, updated March 24, 2017:
Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress, updated March 22, 2017:
Navy Columbia Class (Ohio Replacement) Ballistic Missile Submarine (SSBN[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress, updated March 22, 2017:
Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.
The Secrecy News blog is at:
To SUBSCRIBE to Secrecy News, go to:
To UNSUBSCRIBE, go to:
OR email your request to firstname.lastname@example.com
Secrecy News is archived at:
Secrecy News Blog: https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/
Last week a bill was introduced in the Senate "to require the Secretary of Defense to declassify certain documents related to incidents in which members of the Armed Forces were exposed to toxic substances."
The bill (S. 726), introduced by Sen. Jerry Moran (R-KS) and Sen. Jon Tester (D-MT), generally requires declassification of all "documents related to any known incident in which not fewer than 100 members of the Armed Forces were exposed to a toxic substance that resulted in at least one case of a disability that a member of the medical profession has determined to be associated with that toxic substance."
The bill is the latest example of congressional action to initiate, prioritize or override executive branch policy on declassification of national security records.
The new bill grants an exception from the declassification requirement "if the Secretary [of Defense] determines that declassification of those documents would materially and immediately threaten the security of the United States." This is a notably narrower exemption than that provided by the Freedom of Information Act, which deems records properly classified and therefore exempt if their disclosure would simply cause "damage" to national security.
The bill would not provide any new funding for declassification. So it would presumably be implemented at the expense of current declassification programs.
The Moran-Tester bill may or may not advance through the legislative process. But numerous other congressional declassification initiatives have been enacted into law over the years.
In a report last week, for example, the Senate Intelligence Committee recalled that it had successfully legislated "a requirement that the DNI complete a declassification review of information on the past terrorist activities of detainees transferred or released from Guantanamo, [and] make resulting declassified information publicly available." See SSCI Report on activities during the 114th Congress, S.Rpt. 115-13, March 29.
Would the Trump Administration's defense budget proposals comply with the current Budget Control Act limits on defense spending?
"No," answered the Congressional Research Service in a new report, which was authored by CRS specialist Pat Towell and analyst Lynn M. Williams. See The Trump Administration's March 2017 Defense Budget Proposals: Frequently Asked Questions, April 3, 2017:
Other new and updated reports from the Congressional Research Service include the following.
The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), updated March 31, 2017:
The Army's Sustainable Readiness Model (SRM), CRS Insight, March 31, 2017:
Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present, updated March 30, 2017:
Keystone XL Pipeline: Development Issues, CRS Insight, March 30, 2017:
Expiring Funds for Primary Care, CRS Insight, March 30, 2017:
Overview of CEQ Guidance on Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change, CRS Insight, updated March 30, 2017:
The Civil Service Reform Act: Due Process and Misconduct-Related Adverse Actions, March 29, 2017:
A Brief Overview of Rulemaking and Judicial Review, updated March 27, 2017:
Major Disaster Assistance from the Disaster Relief Fund: State Profiles, updated March 29, 2017:
Sub-Saharan Africa: Key Issues, Challenges, and U.S. Responses, March 21, 2017:
Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy, updated March 29, 2017:
Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy, updated March 28, 2017:
Burma's Political Prisoners and U.S. Policy: In Brief, March 30, 2017:
Iran Sanctions, updated March 31, 2017:
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities -- Background and Issues for Congress, updated March 29, 2017:
Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.
The Secrecy News blog is at:
To SUBSCRIBE to Secrecy News, go to:
To UNSUBSCRIBE, go to:
OR email your request to email@example.com
Secrecy News is archived at:
Secrecy News Blog: https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/
When government officials consider whether to classify national security information, they should not aim for perfect security, according to new guidance from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Instead, classifiers should seek to limit unnecessary vulnerabilities, while keeping broader mission objectives in view.
"A Risk Avoidance strategy -- eliminating risk entirely -- is not an acceptable basis for agency [classification] guides because it encourages over-classification, restricts information sharing, [and] hinders the optimal use of intelligence information in support of national security and foreign policy goals," the ODNI document said.
Rather, "All agencies should reflect in their classification decisions a Risk Management strategy -- mitigating the likelihood and severity of risk -- in protecting classified information over which they have [classification authority], including clear descriptions in their classification policies of how the strategy is used when making classification determinations." See Principles of Classification Management for the Intelligence Community, ODNI, March 2017:
This risk management/risk avoidance dichotomy in classification policy has been batted around for a while. It was previously discussed at length in in the thoughtful but not very consequential 1994 report of the Joint Security Commission on "Redefining Security" in the post-cold war era.
"Some inherent vulnerabilities can never be eliminated fully, nor would the cost and benefit warrant this risk avoidance approach," the Commission wrote. "We can and must provide a rational, cost-effective, and enduring framework using risk management as the underlying basis for security decision making."
In short, it is only realistic to admit that some degree of risk is unavoidable and must be tolerated, and classification policy should reflect that reality.
But the risk management construct is not as helpful as one would wish. That is because its proponents, including the Joint Security Commission and the authors of the new ODNI document, typically stop short of providing concrete examples of information that risk avoiders would classify but that risk managers would permit to be disclosed. Without such illustrative guidance, risk management is in the eye of the beholder, and we are back where we started.
Meanwhile, there is persistent dissatisfaction with current secrecy policy within the national security bureaucracy itself.
Classifying too much information is "an impediment to our ability to conduct our operations," said Air Force Gen. John Hyten of U.S. Strategic Command at a symposium last week (as reported by Phillip Swarts in Space News on April 6).
"We have so many capabilities now," Gen. Hyten said. "There are all these special classifications that I can't talk about, and if you look at those capabilities you wonder why are they classified so high. So we're going to push those down."
Federal laws and regulations underlying the U.S. government's approach to climate change, and litigation regarding their scope and implementation, are discussed in a new report from the Congressional Research Service. See U.S. Climate Change Regulation and Litigation: Selected Legal Issues, April 3, 2017:
Other new and updated reports from the Congressional Research Service include the following.
Filibusters and Cloture in the Senate, updated April 7, 2017:
Invoking Cloture in the Senate, updated April 6, 2017:
Points of Order, Rulings, and Appeals in the Senate, updated April 7, 2017:
Introduction to the Legislative Process in the U.S. Congress, updated April 7, 2017:
The Value of Energy Tax Incentives Across Energy Resources: Trends over Time, CRS Insight, April 6, 2017:
Smith v. Obama: A Servicemember's Legal Challenge to the Campaign Against the Islamic State, CRS Legal Sidebar, updated April 4, 2017:
Military Pay: Key Questions and Answers, updated April 3, 2017:
Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections, updated April 6, 2017:
Federal Disaster Assistance: The National Flood Insurance Program and Other Federal Disaster Assistance Programs Available to Individuals and Households After a Flood, April 6, 2017:
FirstNet's Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Network Moves Forward, CRS Insight, April 4, 2017:
What Constitutes "Sexual Abuse of a Minor" For Immigration Purposes?, CRS Legal Sidebar, April 6, 2017:
Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress, updated April 7, 2017:
Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress, updated April 6, 2017:
Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress, updated April 6, 2017:
Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress, updated April 6, 2017:
Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)/Frigate Program: Background and Issues for Congress, updated April 6, 2017:
Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.
The Secrecy News blog is at:
To SUBSCRIBE to Secrecy News, go to:
To UNSUBSCRIBE, go to:
OR email your request to firstname.lastname@example.com
Secrecy News is archived at:
Secrecy News Blog: https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/
There may be some US Air Force personnel who are dismayed by the rising number of civilian casualties caused by US air strikes in Syria and Iraq. Others may consider the dropping of a 22,000 pound bomb in Afghanistan yesterday -- announced by press release -- to be mindless or vulgar.
But of course such critical sentiments, if they exist, would not be sufficient to qualify those who hold them as conscientious objectors (COs). That requires categorical opposition to any and all military action.
"The Air Force does not consider members who believe they can choose the war in which they will participate as COs under the law. The objection must be to all wars rather than to a specific war," according to an Air Force policy that was updated last week.
On the other hand, a sense of internal conflict is not necessarily inconsistent with conscientious objector status.
Likewise, "A belief in a theocratic or spiritual war between the powers of good and evil does not constitute a [disqualifying] willingness to participate in war within the meaning of this instruction," the new Air Force policy said. See Procedures for Applying as a Conscientious Objector, Air Force Instruction 36-3204, April 6, 2017:
It could not immediately be learned how many, if any, members of the US Air Force currently have conscientious objector status.
In the absence of a compulsory draft, it is unclear why anyone who is opposed to all wars would enlist in the Air Force in the first place. But the new policy allows for the possibility of conscientious objector beliefs that "crystallized after receipt of an induction notice."
The superiority of the US military in cyberspace, which once could be taken for granted, is gradually eroding, says an Army Field Manual published this week.
In the past decade, "U.S. forces dominated cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) in Afghanistan and Iraq against enemies and adversaries lacking the technical capabilities to challenge our superiority in cyberspace."
"However, regional peers have since demonstrated impressive capabilities in a hybrid operational environment that threaten the Army's dominance in cyberspace and the EMS," according to the new Field Manual.
"Rapid developments in cyberspace and the EMS will challenge any assumptions of the Army's advantage in this domain. While it cannot defend against every kind of intrusion, the Army must take steps to identify, prioritize, and defend its most important networks and data."
The underlying principles of US Army operations in cyberspace were described in the new Field Manual 3-12, Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations, 11 April 2017 (unclassified, 108 pages).
Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.
The Secrecy News blog is at:
To SUBSCRIBE to Secrecy News, go to:
To UNSUBSCRIBE, go to:
OR email your request to email@example.com
Secrecy News is archived at:
Secrecy News Blog: https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/
A declassified U.S. Government documentary history of the momentous 1953 coup in Iran, in which Central Intelligence Agency personnel participated, had been the object of widespread demand from historians and others for decades. In recent years, it finally seemed to be on the verge of publication.
But now its release has been postponed indefinitely.
Last year, "the Department of State did not permit publication of the long-delayed Iran Retrospective volume because it judged the political environment too sensitive," according to a new annual report from the State Department Historical Advisory Committee (HAC). "The HAC was severely disappointed."
"The HAC was unsuccessful in its efforts to meet with [then-]Secretary Kerry to discuss the volume, and now there is no timetable for its release," the new report stated.
The controversy originally arose in 1989 when the State Department published its official history of US foreign relations with Iran that somehow made no mention of the 1953 CIA covert action against the Mossadeq government, triggering protests and ridicule.
That lapse led to enactment of a 1992 statute requiring the Foreign Relations of the United States series to present a "thorough, accurate, and reliable" documentary history of US foreign policy. The State Department also agreed to prepare a supplemental retrospective volume on Iran to correct the record. The retrospective volume is what now appears to be out of reach.
In truth, a fair amount of documentation related to the events of 1953 in Iran has been declassified and released. It is unclear how much more of significance remains to be disclosed. (Those who have read the missing volume say there is at least some new substance to it.)
But the position taken by the Obama State Department, that 60 year old policy documents are too politically sensitive to be released, is disheartening in any case.
Instead of disrupting relations with Iran, which are already fraught, an honest official U.S. account of events in 1953 might actually have elicited a constructive response. But that argument, advanced by the Historical Advisory Committee and its Chairman, Prof. Richard H. Immerman, did not get the serious consideration it deserved.
More broadly, the new annual report of the HAC did identify a few bright spots. One volume of the Foreign Relations series that was released last year met the statutory deadline for publication within 30 years of the events it describes. That hasn't happened for two decades.
Overall, however, "the declassification environment is discouraging," the HAC report found.
Having developed and utilized unmanned aerial systems (UAS, or drones) for surveillance, targeting and attack, the US military now finds itself in the position of having to defend against the same technology.
The US Army last week issued a new manual on Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System Techniques (ATP 3-01.81, April 13, 2017).
"UASs have advanced technologically and proliferated exponentially over the past decade," the manual notes. "As technology has progressed, both reconnaissance and attack capabilities have matured to the point where UASs represent a significant threat to Army, joint, and multinational partner operations from both state and non-state actors."
The unclassified Army document describes the nature of the threat and then considers the options that are available for dealing with it. These range from various forms of attack avoidance ("Operate at night or during limited visibility") to active defense, such as surface-to-air weapons.
"Defending against UAS is a difficult task and no single solution exists to defeat all categories of the... threat," the manual says.
Last week, the Islamic State released video footage of one of its drones dropping a bomb on an Iraqi target, Newsweek reported.
Disclosing classified information to foreign government personnel is ordinarily forbidden, and may constitute espionage. But sometimes it is permitted, even to non-allies.
"National Disclosure Policy Committee (NDPC) policy prohibits the release of classified information [to] a foreign government without an explicit authorization, such as an Exception to United States (U.S.) National Disclosure Policy (ENDP), and an information sharing agreement," explained VADM James D. Syring, director of the Pentagon's Missile Defense Agency, in response to a congressional question last year.
Such Exceptions are occasionally requested, however, and granted.
"The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) submitted three requests for Exception to United States National Disclosure Policy (ENDP) from 2007-2011 seeking authority to disclose classified information to the Russian Federation (RF) relating to three ballistic missile defense flight test events," VADM Syring said.
"In each case, authority granted by the NDPC was limited to oral and visual disclosure only under controlled conditions. The RF sent attendees to two of the three test events (in 2007 and 2010). No invitations were extended for the third event (in August 2011), and no disclosure occurred. MDA has not submitted any further requests for ENDP for the RF."
"MDA has not sought ENDP [Exceptions] for release of any information to the People's Republic of China," he added.
The exchange between VADM Syring and Rep. Mike Rogers appeared in a newly published hearing volume on The Missile Defeat Posture and Strategy of the United States -- The Fiscal Year 2017 President's Budget Request, House Armed Services Committee, April 14, 2016. The same volume notably includes discussion of "left of launch" approaches to countering ballistic missile threats.
At its best, congressional oversight can be a powerful engine of disclosure that matches or exceeds what the Freedom of Information Act or other mechanisms can offer. (The FOIA does not permit requesters to ask questions, only to request records.) Hearings of the House Armed Services Committee regularly generate new information on military policy, especially in the published hearing records.
Another newly published HASC hearing containing some nuggets of interest is National Security Space: 21st Century Challenges, 20th Century Organization, September 27, 2016.
Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.
The Secrecy News blog is at:
To SUBSCRIBE to Secrecy News, go to:
To UNSUBSCRIBE, go to:
OR email your request to email@example.com
Secrecy News is archived at:
Secrecy News Blog: https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/
"The Nation must prepare to mitigate an unpredictable global security and national emergency environment," the White House said in a report to Congress this month.
The report, transmitted by President Trump on April 3, provided principles for reform of the selective service process by which young Americans enter the military. The report was required by section 555 of the 2017 defense authorization act.
"The Nation must be ever mindful of the unpredictable global security environment that requires an effective and efficient means to provide manpower to the national security community, including military and non-military support in a national emergency," the President's report said.
How to prepare in practice for the unpredictable is not clear, except that it involves flexibility.
"Any system, process, or program used to identify, recruit, and employ additional skill sets should be effective in times of peace, war, and other levels of conflict or emergency response. Associated initiatives, systems, and processes must be seamless, robust, and able to expand and contract as needed," the report said.
Congress established a new National Commission to consider changes to the selective service system, and to develop "the means by which to foster a greater attitude, ethos, and propensity for military services among United States youth."
Public debate over the legal authority for the April 6 U.S. missile strike on a Syrian airbase is reviewed in a new brief from the Congressional Research Service, which stops short of proposing a conclusion of its own.
"It remains to be seen whether the Trump Administration will release a statement explaining its legal basis for the missile strike under international law, but even if such a statement is forthcoming, it seems unlikely that it would put an end to this debate," the CRS brief said. See U.S. Strike on Syrian Airbase: Legal under International Law?, CRS Legal Sidebar, April 17, 2017:
Other new reports from the Congressional Research Service include the following.
The Marshall Plan: 70th Anniversary, CRS Insight, April 18, 2017:
U.S.-UK Free Trade Agreement: Prospects and Issues for Congress, April 14, 2017:
France's 2017 Presidential Election: In Brief, April 13, 2017:
Border-Adjusted Consumption Taxes and Exchange Rate Movements: Theory and Evidence, April 18, 2017:
The Revenue Baseline for Tax Reform, CRS Insight, April 14, 2017:
Congressional News Media and the House and Senate Press Galleries, April 13, 2017:
NASS and U.S. Crop Production Forecasts: Methods and Issues, April 13, 2017:
Dressed to the Nines: What's Next for the Nine-Justice Supreme Court, CRS Legal Sidebar, April 10, 2017:
Westinghouse Bankruptcy Filing Could Put New U.S. Nuclear Projects at Risk, CRS Insight, April 19, 2017:
Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.
The Secrecy News blog is at:
To SUBSCRIBE to Secrecy News, go to:
To UNSUBSCRIBE, go to:
OR email your request to email@example.com
Secrecy News is archived at:


text:
hookedpirate asked:
He carefully pulled her close. "If I were to be married for a short while, but to another lass, how angry would you be exactly?"
When I started this blog a year ago, I did not fully anticipate how well received this blog would be among the Star Wars community. What started out as a joke to make such a blog to be then pressured by one of my Senpais to actually make it, has now become a journey that I am very proud to have embarked upon. I am so thankful to have made this blog and even more thankful and blessed by those who have come across the galaxy to experience the power of the Dark Side.
If you are not following any of these blogs at the moment, then you must reconsider your priorities! Each of those listed here are the ones that have gained my neverending respect, unconditional love, and endless admiration. Every person here is an incredibly talented writer, that have such passion and creativity that makes their work stand out above the rest, from portrayal to composition. Or, I find them to be absolutely incredible and I'm just too shy to approach because of their legendary status. Originally, this bias list was going to incorporate all the names of those on the Senpai list, giving a paragraph that expressed how much I love their writing and why I view them as such high quality. Without them, this fandom and my friendship would be a lot less lonely. Mandatory follow for all!
@allonsyalone // @asajjvventress // @astrodrxid // @consvltant // @exspiravitae // @fulfillourdestiiny // @galaxyslasthope // @herowithmuchfear // @imnotanightlight // @imperiallady // @khagaan // @landspeeding // @mischixvous // @mjxlnxr // @ncgotiator // @ofjxdgement // @ofxsnips // @rcguecne // @reyofsands // @ruthless-gorilla // @silfursvik // @the-brilliant-loser // @txssxract // @tyranusss (+ all of your various blogs!) // @youwishyouhadmyprettyass
Every partner listed under this category are the ones that I have the wonderful opportunity to interact with, even if it is only a few responses. I know I have not been kind in responding very quickly but I always reassure that every thread I have is still precious and I look forward to wherever our threads/plots and imaginations take us. Not only are these muns very talented in their writing, but each of them are very sweet and wonderful to talk to. Here's to our threads and many, many more!
@acerbique // @aldreaoakley // @arahxnt // @armahumanum // @artoooie // @anierous-sunblade // @beautifulkindbutsad // @brokenskywalker // @burningxcourage // @camandstella // @chaoticsovereign // @ersatzambassador // @fineknight // @fortriiumph // @giithany // @glacies-tempestatem // @heirofkallig // @ifeelitagain // @kaleeshcyborg // @ladyofcsilla // @likehisfather // @likemyfatherbeforeme // @lilfavourxwallace // @magicalximagination // @mahiaemerga // @nervousmando // @ofscavengiing // @pennybraddock // @phoeona // @rxnkylo // @snippylittletano // @vuhlkansu // @withthundcrousapplause // @wrongfuse // @wyndel-legion // @xofstardust
Here are all the roleplayers I have not yet interacted with, either because I have just recently begun to follow you (or you follow me) or I see you interact with my mutuals and I just admire you from afar. I am typically a shy potato, hence why I do not always do starter calls, send sudden starters or do greeters. But that does not mean that I do not want to interact. I am always open to more partners (although I must warn you now I can be a bit (a lot) slow, but that does not mean I do not want to interact). I am looking forward to meeting you all and talking with you about potential threads and plots. Henceforth, I shall state that any blog here that wishes to message me via ask/fanmail/IM here on Tumblr, you may do so!
@accusediisms // @agressivexnegotiations // @alderaanianbraids // @almosthxman // @anakin-solo // @astrcphysics // @barcelxna // @betteroffdeadpool // @blonde-in-the-cockpit // @boyofsandyplanet // @caecisms // @childxftheforce // @classifiedxrey // @corrupted-khadgar // @cxldtruth // @cxptxineclipse // @darthsided // @darkfxther // @dontneedeyestoseeyou // @drawnxtolight // @exilcdqueen // @empireswrath // @faithindiplomacy // @fearattractsthefearful // @feelxdontthink // @fettisms // @fiery-jedi-apprentice // @firstorderallegiance // @flxbber // @forcefound // @forcesensitivescavenger // @forcewound // @fxsto // @galactiichope // @gnrlorgna // @goddamndeadpool // @greatxpower // @gunslingxr // @hera-in-the-ghost // @hookedpirate // @how-liberty-dies // @iimmunetothelight // @iisgrace // @imperialinquisitor // @inquixotic // @jamesfactscalvin // @jangcfett // @jediandsith // @jxstascavenger // @kader-ren // @kenobic // @ladyvictoriatheevilgenius // @legendsinthegalaxy // @lightsabered // @liibcrty // @likesnicemen // @luroonic // @lonelyscavenger // @malekxth // @mangledchaos // @maskedterror // @mischiefsonlydaughter // @negctiating // @neverjoinyou // @nolongeranumber // @noprincessoftatooine // @notjustascavenger // @notmannotmachinebutmore // @ofgalacticangcls // @onewxththeforce // @orendxs // @ourleaderthemxckingjay // @paxjinn // @poedamerxn // @protectornoctis // @pxdme // @queencfthestars // @raisedhim // @rcguish // @red-fire-jedi // @rebellioustraitor // @rebelpilotpoe // @reignitedhope // @resoluteadmiral // @riightiintwo // @reyiisms // @sanitaticn // @savior-of-humanity // @scteleshan // @shadowoflothal // @smaugiiisms // @smxgglersistxr // @spectrextwo // @stcrmother // @stxrkxllxr // @successxr // @sunderedforce // @swordofthejedijaina // @sxthling // @thealwaysrunning // @theblondexpadawan // @the-corvscant-skywalkrr // @the-female-jedi // @thefirstjeditoactonlove // @theforceismyown // @theforceistoobig // @thehotterwinchester // @theknightsofkyloren // @thelastjediguardian // @thelcstprincess // @theluckydoctor // @thexfirstxstar // @tiexpilot // @traitorxfinn // @urenogoodtomedead // @what-truepower-is // @willnotstandby // @xbb8x // @xheartofstars // @youneedapiilot
All in all, thank you all so very much for making this milestone happen and for being the most wonderful partners (or soon to be partners) around!! If I have forgotten anyone, I do deeply apologize and know I did not mean to do it intentionally!! I love you all so very much and look forward to my next great milestone!!
~ Valestra
I've had this shitty blog for a year now, and it all wouldn't have been possible without you guys sticking by me for so long. So many of you have been here forever, and I appreciate the support you have given me throughout 2015. And here's a special shout out to @kniivesandlint, thank you so much ty for accepting me back when I first made this blog, you're the joker to my batman !!! <3
Have this shitty edit that isn't Christmassy because I'm lazy as fuck and don't have the patience but this is not the point of what this post is about. This post is about YOU. The people who have made my experience on here such a wonderful one and without you guys I wouldn't get to develop a character I love with all my heart and soul. As this year comes to a close I want you guys to have the best holiday season and a wonderful new year. Keep strong. I love you guys so much. Whether we have interacted or not I wish you all the best in 2016!
xoxoxo – Gwen & Katrina
I have never done this before don't blame me if it's bad omfg
Anyway! I always usually follow back, and I really do love all of you, you're all amazing people!
I don't usually unfollow unless you've been mean to me or a friend of mine too, so I put everyone here!
Follow forever / My wonderful friends
@heavensmostterrifyingweapon / @theiracademydaysareover, @lovemorgupaludan, @littlest-archangels / @just-sam-please, @nerdy-sammoose / @celestialwingsseraph / @deanwinchesterlordofpie / @fouryearsilldoitinthree, @vesseliisms, @trickster-with-a-halo / @coule-un-navire / @i-am-a-better-hunter, @the-smol-second / @without-a-father / @ask-the-sweets-detective / @goddess-of-angst / @name-is-a / @notagirl-notarobot, @trenchcoatangelofthursday / @socalledrighteousman, @hvnteramelia, @neon-dusk-arts, @most-beautiful-red-rose, @asheepinwolvesclothing, @tokizatoothplus, @trunkslovesbees, @orphanedaliencat, @goldeneyeskillerthighs-archived, @godthesarcasticalmighty, @constantcogdis, @balthazarrocks,
Interesting people / Those I know & would like to get to know better
@eiennosaku, @sweetestfeathers, @blackeyedthorn, @xwithgraceinyourheart, @deanwincesterme, @balthazar-rp-freely, @thegirlwhowaited-dw, @notabluecaprice, @ifoundmycause, @notta-losechester, @reneefelhorn, @moondancerxhunter, @fradulentiarchangelum, @imessedup-bettertryitagain, @guardiansofanabomination, @badassinbootsamywinchester, @beautifullydamagedx, @screamsofbanshee, @longbottomtwins, @perdidit-venatores,
Strangers / Those I admire from afar
@justaregulartexan, @better-than-a-knight-of-hell, @perfectedthedoublecross, @amxredeemed, @notthemooseyouarelookingfor, @lucifcro, @maldicionxdoxstealerxcorpo, @notxaxjedi, @itsinthelore, @bloodied-freak, @piejam67, @sxbsidium, @naluwinchester, @brcthrs, @ballsyeranidjit, @deanmonisms, @fxrgotten-angels, @billsxbabyxgirl, @wendiiigc, @its-priestly, @daemonem-regis, @toxicblacks, @absentisxanima, @eatmehasselhxff, @ripoutthoseprettyblackeyes, @winchesterslittlesistercharlie, @isurvivedhellforthis, @respect-the-king, @dontscratchtheimpala, @screwpackdynamic, @righteousmandownunder, @rightious-man, @xmutuallyxassuredxdestructionx, @mastxrs, @adorablehunter, @thenovakmartyr, @clarissa-p-winchester, @wholexnewlevelofxfreak, @goldeneyedgabriel, @thursdaysfallxn, @littlesistersammy, @hellsastateofmind, @ofheavenlyhost, @askpsychocas, @shreddedwingsandlostwords, @azazelsdaughtermegmasters, @impalaguardian, @purpuravulpi, @booksandplaid, @animaxcontrita, @hacker-queen, @theclairenovak, @soullessxwinchester, @jerkxbitchx, @theemeraldeyedhunter, @kxngofhell, @weallhaveourdemxns, @kevin-tran-solo, @xdivinus, @atwistedtrickster, @trappedinthepit, @gabrieldiedforoursins, @littleangelalfie, @soullessbobbysinger, @chuckxalmighty, @sammystanfordmoose, @puppyeyeswinchester, @thewiccanmechanic, @classicrockcassettes, @empatheticmoose, @dipthosewingsinblood
Others / Those I'd like to talk to one day and get to know
@twosidedfeather, @dxsero, @izzyweisz, @oncexaxmemory, @jatamansi, @thejukeboxxheroes, @greenliquorlips, @leavemetomyships, @dean-bangs-cas-in-the-impala, @mctherhunter, @learnedlucidity, @loyaltieslie, @theoneswithoutpacks, @resurrexitalbum, @matamata1, @sezaluvs-teaxd, @flxbber, @nocturnashifter, @clock-ticks-on, @downthespidersweb, @destructiveempathy, @edenaziraphale, @theturianarchangel, @belladonna-of-thraneal, @dxn-gato, @queenofhellinhighheels, @anangelandhiscompanions, @bystcrdust, @not-sammy-anymore, @newagerapture, @sarinaprime, @sheriffwclf, @enviious, @jakexsingerxmechanicxhunter, @wildrcse, @angelofvega, @poindexter-and-daughters, @gunslingxr, @occultamonstri, @darkcastersruletheworld, @queen-of-blackrom, @inenochivn, @voodooqueen, @angelus-affectionis, @seth-the-giggle-fish, @unwritten–word, @neltharion99, @nocodeelo, @guxrdixnsofthelibrxry, @imaginary-sully, @crazycasz, @wardenforaking, @freaksxleaves, @jaded-wayward-son, @ab6446, @andoriamoondarling, @esotericstarlight, @derzauberei, @caughtintheasylum, @unbelxevable, @outcage, @oxfordnotbrogues, @poedamerxn, @crossroads-hell, @frigga-wife-of-odin, @badwolfgirlicouldkissyou, @legends-never–die, @hellsgatekeeper, @allisonjaemoore, @regentofasgard, @violentlyimpulsive, @alae-angeli, @the-rebel-for-our-sins, @daddyxreaper, @spiritwalkercraig, @seedeanicanbeuseful, @winchesterimagine, @oblitusxfratrem, @problematicflowerchildren, @therisingtide, @outofhistime, @fxllenfromgrxce, @darknessinpurgatory, @my-beautiful-insane-mind, @bbyintrenchcoat, @dean-theshifter-winchester, @touchxofxhope, @hxroshxart, @goddessesofalfheim, @bond-protege, @cary-onmywaywardson, @hellblxzer, @blueeyedshedevil, @thebrokensoldierwithoutwings, @yes-cassiehacks, @heywinchester-manup, @archangel-dimmock, @smolomega, @itsjoshuawingsofgrace, @sam-themiddle-winchester, @supernatural-trash-1967, @meanttolead, @fanofredandblack, @thedamaged0ne, @so-much-sastiel, @nonquiegoeram, @surreptitiouslargolamb, @theoccasionaltrigger, @foolmetwicefiddledeedee, @snakechxn, @dietcokeisms, @castieliisms, @wingsandwhiskey, @unsettling-fandoms, @smirkingwinchester, @dutyclippedwings, @jimmoral, @mcnstrociity, @fathervvinchester, @wingsandcoffins, @smaragdusnubes, @vascelum, @cockyasspunk, @lilvyatan. @crowley-glencraig, @celestial-angelus, @female-moose, @bloggingmisha-collins, @sanityleavesmeisarchivedrn, @rejectsontherun, @calebtheloser, @mjxlnxr, @offeathersandguns, @red-ruby-lulluby, @findacauseandserveit, @starksfrequentlyassedquestions, @humxntxrch, @crispyblondearchive, @fromcorrupttopure, @hxnrywinchxstxr, @cxmbatant, @fightfirewithfiire, @poor-sammy-lost-his-shoe, @jessiej685, @secondchancelife, @raptorxhandler, @acruelthing, @ofwishesandsouls, @better-holmes-and-deductions, @blood-rose-petals, @amorxvotum, @carnifiix, @soldiersofthewar, @hidingxinxourxminds, @pollythetelekinetic, @the-monsters-and-their-prey, @miraclespeedster, @thethunderprince, @morexwolfxthanxman, @bablefishmouse, @niiklausx, @badasslightbulb, @innaflash, @castielawasg, @waywardpariah, @herbloreinenochian, @bugxfreak, @notastudentlighter, @thelittleprinceofhell, @angel-wingsand-deanomisms, @bringdownthekxng, @charredxwings, @the-wandering-ones, @troubledsoulbarnes, @cowboyu, @ingxniium, @peccatriix, @hookedpirate, @deanpielovingwinchester, @femalehumansamulet, @calliope-callie-russell, @a-plethora-of-muses, @fallenharvelle-archive, @mynamessamandriel, @thedevilschewtoy, @xscelerisx, @dean-dream-imagines, @ofcerberus-archive, @ladyofhelena, @betterhealing, @harlequin-astrology, @julianna-cullen, @ofchangxisms, @katthva, @ithinkiateacrayon, @heirtocastamere, @goldenwingedtrickster, @the-lonely-exception, @imnoleader, @harvxllx, @nerdycelestial, @ibrokenhunter, @nerdyhacker, @tripleppiepanandplaid, @deanpizzapie
Archie awoke, and instinctively moved to run a hand through his hair. But, his hand was stopped by something, and suddenly he was wide awake, eyes flying open. Not that it did much good; the room was almost pitch dark.
The events of earlier suddenly came rushing back to him, being captured by not-Regina, because he knew now by the way Pongo had reacted that it certainly hadn't been the Mayor. As for who it was, however, he had no idea. All he knew was that he really should have listened to his dog when he had the chance.
But, perhaps he could figure out more. He was sitting on what felt like a wooden floor, and his hands were restricted by … rope. He could tell after feeling the coarse texture. Of course it was rope; if it had been chains he would have been able to pick his way out, using the skills his parents had taught him that he hadn't used in ages. But, apparently he wasn't that lucky. Suddenly, he noticed the odd swaying motion; he must be on a ship. He was also gagged, probably so he couldn't call for help, meaning that he might be relatively close to the shore. Unless he was just gagged so his captor wouldn't be annoyed by him yelling to be let go … or screaming out in pain. He felt some of the blood drain from his face at the thought, but torture was a distinct possibility. One he needed to be prepared for.
He didn't even know why he'd been captured; something he'd need to ascertain quickly. Most likely, his captor wanted information, because that was the only reason he'd still be alive. Unless he was a hostage, but out of all the people in Storybrooke, he was probably one of the least likely to be captured for such a reason. So, it was information he (she? They?) were after, and Archie was determined not to give anything away. He could outlast the torture until someone came to rescue him; surely they'd know he was missing by now, or soon at least.
Suddenly, he heard footsteps above him. His captor was coming, and Archie would know a little more of what he was dealing with. The hatch opened, and he squinted from the sudden light, trying to get a good look at the person he'd be trying to outsmart.
"You lost?" Robin smirked at the dark haired man as he stepped into the path.
"Come now, you didn't expect things to come easily…"
"Did you?"
hookedpirate asked:
He carefully pulled her close. "If I were to be married for a short while, but to another lass, how angry would you be exactly?"
Leaning back, she furrowed her brows and tilted her head, "Don't try me today, Killian. I love you, but I just might give that head of yours a good whack."
hookedpirate asked:
"And how is my Queen today?"
"A bit lonely. But the books in your library make that up, my King."
The piercing sound of his alarm pulled him from sleep. Groaning he, rubbed his eyes. Another quiet morning in Storybrooke. Yawning, he recalled that dream again, the city, glitters of light, a shift of black. Sometimes he tried to remember only to be given a sharp pain in his head. Whatever that dream meant, he couldn't figure out what it meant.
Getting up and out of bed, he ate, washed up, then changed. Grabbing his messenger bag he headed out the door, towards his job at the animal clinic. He smiled as he passed his fellow townsfolk heading towards the building. As he walked he felt an odd sensation. A strange feeling as he passed a suspicious shadowy looking man. No, it wasn't a shadow…it was those weird colors again. He saw them from time to time and it was only getting more frequent. But what was weird wasn't the fact that he was dark but it was spark of light within.
He looked at him for a long moment, then waved. "Morning sir" and continued on. As he began to walk, his pleasant smile turned to a concerned frown. What was that?
One minute she had been fighting with something close to zombies, the other something had hit her head and she had awaken somewhere on the ground with a smug Cora there to piss her off. Of course Emma had managed to irritate the witch even more, and Cora had thrown her against a wall.
This time, when she woke up, there was a blinding light and pain in the chest to make her company; when the light disappeared and she could see again, her heart jumped in her chest, hurting much more than she had expected, because Hook was in the room. "What… what the hell was that? What's going on?" And why did her chest still hurt so much?
- belle-and-her-books
- spinnersdaughter
- hookedpirate
"Is there anything I could help you with?"
"Hey, Romeo! What are you staring at?!"
+6] Wo
uld you fancy a cuppa tea?
He had no idea how he got to Earth. Spock looked out over the gray waters of the Eastern seaboard and shivered as the setting sun caused the shadows to elongate until there was barely a sliver of the sun's warmth left for the Vulcan. He was dressed in his usual blue on-duty tunic over his blacks, which was all he needed for a typical day on the Enterprise not wherever he was. Had he found himself in a city, he might have had a better idea of his location, but until he found someone to ask or saw a sign, he was lost.
With his sleeves pulled down over his hands to try to keep them warm, Spock began walking away from the beach towards the lights of a town. When he caught the scent of fireplaces on the breeze, he quickened his pace, leaving the beach behind to make his way through the trees. The forest was quite thick—something Spock was not accustomed to any more than the cold—and he stumbled over tree roots several times before finding his way to the outskirts of town.
It was quaint. It was also not from his time. Somehow he had not only been transported to Earth from deep space, but he had also been sent into Earth's past. Panic gripped him momentarily until he got his emotions under control. He would need to be especially careful not to rupture the timeline, and he knew that would be nearly impossible to avoid.
He knew that Earth of the time period required money to buy food and procure shelter—he had neither. "I will require the kindness of strangers," he said to himself as he approached a small restaurant that he believed were called 'diners' and slipped inside. Of course that was when he realized that not only did he have no money, but he was a Vulcan on a planet that would not see first contact for decades.
Emma had kind of given up on being a 'Charming' once back; too much had happened, not to mention how her family still assumed that she was pining after Neal - and man, had that been a gigantic mess, with even Gold getting involved - and she had kind of bounced back to the person she was before the curse broke. She didn't even pretend to care about getting along with some of the people there, but ridiculously enough the two people she didn't feel angry with were Hook and Regina. Sure, Henry was living with her now, but they were still on the same team somehow, and maybe it has also to do with her not seeing Regina often. Nor she saw Hook. Hook, who had lost his ship back in Neverland after doing so much for them, and it was time to make him feel more welcome just like she had promised at the diner what it felt like years ago.
She made some lasagna, because that seemed the universal recognize food for all kinds of welcoming and everyone liked it, worn her red jacket once again, and with a quick goodbye she got in the car and drove to the bed and breakfast. She also ignored Granny's face when she told her she was coming up to see him.
Feeling more nervous than she had expected, she knocked at his door, wondering how he was doing in those first days in that world and knowing she was about to find out.
"What are you doing here?" The man asked. Not often someone got past his guards. So he was concerned with the man he had to deal with. One would say pirate, but he had to wait and see.


text:
Login/Create Account
Check Out the new Remax App
Ask About This Home
Under construction by Loomis Homes. The Sherwood Model features an open floor plan with kitchen, dining, and spacious family room on the main level. Welcome guests in the main entry through the front door. This Rambler includes 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms on the main level. Enjoy the master suite with full bath and walk-in closet. 3-car garage is standard. Make your preferred selections at our design center! We have many other lots and models available to choose from.


text:
Eduard Akhunov, associate professor of plant pathology at Kansas State University, and his colleague, Jorge Dubcovsky from the University of California-Davis, led a research project that identified a gene that gives wheat plants resistance to one of the most deadly races of the wheat stem rust pathogen -- called Ug99 -- that was first discovered in Uganda in 1999.
The discovery may help scientists develop new wheat varieties and strategies that protect the world's food crops against the wheat stem rust pathogen that is spreading from Africa to the breadbaskets of Asia and can cause significant crop losses.
Other Kansas State University researchers include Harold Trick, professor of plant pathology; Andres Salcedo, doctoral candidate in genetics; and Cyrille Saintenac, a postdoctoral research associate currently working at the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique in France. The project was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Borlaug Global Rust Initiative.
The team's study, "Identification of Wheat Gene Sr35 that Confers Resistance to Ug99 Stem Rust Race Group," appears in the journal Science.
It identifies the stem rust resistance gene named Sr35, and appears alongside a study from an Australian group that identifies another effective resistance gene called Sr33.
"This gene, Sr35, functions as a key component of plants' immune system," Akhunov said. "It recognizes the invading pathogen and triggers a response in the plant to fight the disease."
Wheat stem rust is caused by a fungal pathogen. According to Akhunov, since the 1950s wheat breeders have been able to develop wheat varieties that are largely resistant to this pathogen. However, the emergence of strain Ug99 in Uganda in 1999 devastated crops and has spread to Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan and Yemen, though has yet to reach the U.S.
"Until that point, wheat breeders had two or three genes that were so efficient against stem rust for decades that this disease wasn't the biggest concern," Akhunov said. "However, the discovery of the Ug99 race of pathogen showed that changes in the virulence of existing pathogen races can become a huge problem."
As a first line of defense, wheat breeders and researchers began looking for resistance genes among those that had already been discovered in the existing germplasm repositories, he said.
"The Sr35 gene was one of those genes that was discovered in einkorn wheat grown in Turkey," Akhunov said. "Until now, however, we did not know what kind of gene confers resistance to Ug99 in this wheat accession."
To identify the resistance gene Sr35, the team turned to einkorn wheat that is known to be resistant to the Ug99 fungal strain. Einkorn wheat has limited economic value and is cultivated in small areas of the Mediterranean region. It has been replaced by higher yielding pasta and bread wheat varieties.
Researchers spent nearly four years trying to identify the location of the Sr35 gene in the wheat genome, which contains nearly two times more genetic information than the human genome.
Once the researchers narrowed the list of candidate genes, they used two complimentary approaches to find the Sr35 gene. First, they chemically mutagenized the resistant accession of wheat to identify plants that become susceptible to the stem rust pathogen.
"It was a matter of knocking out each candidate gene until we found the one that made a plant susceptible," Akhunov said. "It was a tedious process and took a lot of time, but it was worth the effort."
Next, researchers isolated the candidate gene and used biotechnical approaches to develop transgenic plants that carried the Sr35 gene and showed resistance to the Ug99 race of stem rust.
Now that the resistance gene has been found, Akhunov and colleagues are looking at what proteins are transferred by the fungus into the wheat plants and recognized by the protein encoded by the Sr35 gene. This will help researchers to better understand the molecular mechanisms behind infection and develop new approaches for controlling this devastating pathogen.
Eduard Akhunov, 785-532-1342, email@example.com
Eduard Akhunov | Newswise
Further information:
Further reports about: > Akhunov > Seaborne Pathogen > Stem cell innovation > Ug99 > food crop > molecular mechanism > plant pathology > wheat plant
New data unearths pesticide peril in beehives
21.04.2017 | Cornell University
New rice fights off drought
The nearby, giant radio galaxy M87 hosts a supermassive black hole (BH) and is well-known for its bright jet dominating the spectrum over ten orders of magnitude in frequency. Due to its proximity, jet prominence, and the large black hole mass, M87 is the best laboratory for investigating the formation, acceleration, and collimation of relativistic jets. A research team led by Silke Britzen from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany, has found strong indication for turbulent processes connecting the accretion disk and the jet of that galaxy providing insights into the longstanding problem of the origin of astrophysical jets.
Supermassive black holes form some of the most enigmatic phenomena in astrophysics. Their enormous energy output is supposed to be generated by the...
The probability to find a certain number of photons inside a laser pulse usually corresponds to a classical distribution of independent events, the so-called...
Microprocessors based on atomically thin materials hold the promise of the evolution of traditional processors as well as new applications in the field of flexible electronics. Now, a TU Wien research team led by Thomas Müller has made a breakthrough in this field as part of an ongoing research project.
Two-dimensional materials, or 2D materials for short, are extremely versatile, although – or often more precisely because – they are made up of just one or a...
Two researchers at Heidelberg University have developed a model system that enables a better understanding of the processes in a quantum-physical experiment...
Glaciers might seem rather inhospitable environments. However, they are home to a diverse and vibrant microbial community. It's becoming increasingly clear that they play a bigger role in the carbon cycle than previously thought.
A new study, now published in the journal Nature Geoscience, shows how microbial communities in melting glaciers contribute to the Earth's carbon cycle, a...
Expert meeting "Health Business Connect" will connect international medical technology companies
20.04.2017 | Event News
Wenn der Computer das Gehirn austrickst
18.04.2017 | Event News
7th International Conference on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics in Freiburg on April 3-5, 2017
03.04.2017 | Event News
New quantum liquid crystals may play role in future of computers
21.04.2017 | Physics and Astronomy
A promising target for kidney fibrosis
21.04.2017 | Health and Medicine
Light rays from a supernova bent by the curvature of space-time around a galaxy
21.04.2017 | Physics and Astronomy


text:
Environment News
Archived, 6 days ago From bbc.com
London, U K - Environmental groups have urged the prime minister to avoid watering down legislation on climate change and wildlife protection after Brexit.
The letter, signed by WWF, Greenpeace and others, says action is needed to halt ongoing envir ...
Archived, 6 days ago From en.netralnews.com
Jakarta, INDONESIA - Indonesia and Malaysia, which produce more than 80% of the world's palm oil, are resisting proposals by European parliamentarians that could limit their access to the second biggest palm oil market after India.
Government ministers fro ...
Archived, 8 days ago From theguardian.com
London, U K - As humans put more heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, ice around the planet melts. This melting can be a problem, particularly if the melting ice starts its life on land. That's because the melt water flows into the oceans, ...
Archived, 8 days ago From inhabitat.com
El Segundo, CALIFORNIA - Portland just announced that it plans to be completely powered by clean energy by 2050, making it one of the largest cities in the country to make the move. It's an ambitious goal for the city, but Mayor Ted Wheeler believes that it is essential for ...
Archived, 11 days ago From ecowatch.com
Cleveland, OHIO - Conservation groups have filed Tuesday an administrative protest challenging a federal decision to offer for leasing in June more than 100,000 acres of federal public land in northern Colorado for oil and gas industry fracking. The leasing decision, ...
Archived, 11 days ago From theguardian.com
London, U K - Lancashire residents fighting to block a fracking site have said they are "truly dismayed" after losing a high court legal challenge.
The Preston New Road Action Group and Gayzer Frackman, a professional clown, had applied for a judici ...
Archived, 11 days ago From mongabay.com
Menlo Park, CALIFORNIA - The number of companies that have pledged to stop selling or using commodities that drive tropical deforestation has proliferated over the past several years. These commitments to clean up commodities supply chains are often referred to as Zero Defor ...
Archived, 11 days ago From clientearth.org
London, U K - ClientEarth has challenged the UK government over its continuing delay on publishing a new emissions reduction plan.
In a letter to business and energy minister Nick Hurd, ClientEarth called on the government to:
• Confi ...
Archived, 11 days ago From phys.org
Douglas, Isle of Man, U K - With the Global Coral Restoration Project, SECORE International, the California Academy of Sciences and The Nature Conservancy seal their commitment to help rehabilitate coral reefs and preserve them for future generations. This project aims to study ...
Archived, 12 days ago From alternet.org
San Francisco, CALIFORNIA - There are some places in the world that are so vital to the survival of wildlife and so important to surrounding people and their livelihoods that even if we will never visit them in person, we know we must cherish them.
The Leuser Eco ...
More Environment News:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Action: Climate Change
"It's almost time to say farewell to our glaciers," Austrian mountain farmer Siggi Ellmauer said, looking at the craggy summi ...
Action: Wildlife Conservation
A new study from the Conservation Ecology Research Unit (CERU) at the University of Pretoria predicts how many elephants ther ...
Action: Stop Deforestation
They cover a third of the world's landmass, help to regulate the atmosphere, and offer shelter, sustenance and survival to mi ...
Action: Stop Pollution
Conservation groups have filed Tuesday an administrative protest challenging a federal decision to offer for leasing in June ...
Action: Save Our Oceans
Even though few people live in the Artic, some seas in the region are heavily polluted with plastic because of an Atlantic oc ...
View All Actions >>
Follow Us
Find A Charity
Copyright © The Charity Vault All rights reserved.


text:
GW Lacrosse Hosts Holy Cross for First-Ever Meeting on Thursday Afternoon
Colonials and Crusaders Match Up for First Time at 3:30 p.m.
March 6, 2013
Watch Live on RaiseHigh.tv | Gametracker | @GWLacrosse | GW Lacrosse on Facebook
WASHINGTON – The George Washington lacrosse team welcomes Holy Cross on Thursday for the first-ever contest between the two programs. Action at the GW Lacrosse Field on the Mount Vernon Campus is set for 3:30 p.m.
The Colonials (3-2) look to extend their two-game win streak as they wrap a five-game homestand against the Crusaders (3-2).
GW is coming off a perfect 2-0 week at home, defeating local foe George Mason, 10-6, and Bucknell, 11-9. Freshman Olivia Boudreau (6 g, 1 a), senior Nicole Lacey (5 g, 1 a) and sophomore Jamie Bumgardner (3 g, 3 a) led the Colonials in the two contests. For her efforts, Boudreau earned her first Atlantic 10 Rookie of the Week nod, while senior goalkeeper Jess Hicks, who tallied 15 stops in 120 minutes of action, was named the conference's Defensive Player of the Week.
Bumgardner (5 g, 11 a) paces the Buff and Blue with 16 points on the season. Her 11 assists lead the A-10 and ranks 12th in all of NCAA Division I. GW is third in the league and 10th in the nation with 58 caused turnovers and an average of 11.60 caused turnovers per game.
Holy Cross comes to GW for its final non-conference game before opening Patriot League play on Saturday. The Crusaders are coming off a 16-8 win at Sacred Heart last weekend, led by sophomore Laura Ryan with four goals and one assist and senior Kat Sutton with four goals. Senior Taylor Zebrowski (12 g, 4 a) leads Holy Cross with 16 points, followed by junior Sara Hennessey (13 g, 2 a) with 15.
Fans can follow Thursday's action at the GW Lacrosse Field via RaiseHigh.tv and Gametracker.
More Headlines
Lacrosse Topped by George Mason, 11-9
Despite a four-goal performance from senior Michaela Lynch, the George Washington lacrosse team dropped a close one to George Mason, 11-9, Thursday night at ...
Lacrosse Drops Close Offensive Battle at La Salle, 13-11
The George Washington Lacrosse team held a one goal lead going into the second half, but eventually fell to Atlantic 10 rival La Salle, 13-11, on Sunday...
Lacrosse Falls to Richmond, 17-6
The George Washington lacrosse team dropped an Atlantic 10 game to the Richmond Spiders, 17-6, Friday afternoon at the GW Lacrosse Field.
Lacrosse Returns Home to Host Richmond on Friday
The George Washington lacrosse team will face a pair of A-10 contests this weekend. The Colonials host Richmond on Friday at 4 p.m. at the GW Lacrosse Field ...
Lacrosse Drops 14-11 Decision at Davidson
The George Washington Lacrosse team dropped a 14-11 decision to Atlantic 10 foe Davidson on Sunday afternoon at Richardson Stadium.
Lacrosse Edges St. Bonaventure in A-10 Opener, 10-9
On a rainy afternoon at the GW Lacrosse Field on the Mount Vernon Campus, the George Washington Lacrosse team edged St. Bonaventure, 10-9, to open Atlantic...
Lacrosse Opens A-10 Play This Weekend
After a week hiatus, the George Washington lacrosse team returns to action this weekend to open Atlantic 10 Conference play. The Colonials will host St....
Lacrosse Falls at Home to Delaware, 13-2
The George Washington lacrosse team was defeated by Delaware, 13-2, on Saturday afternoon at the GW Lacrosse Field on the Mount Vernon Campus.


text:
Thursday, January 30, 2014
A little jacket
I haven't worn this jacket in a few years. It used to fit. Then it got small. (Funny how that happens, isn't it?)
I've had it hanging on a hook along with a pair of jeans that I've actually never worn because they, too, were too small. The hook hangs on my closet door. The idea was that I would look at these clothes each day and they would remind me to do the things required to make myself less large. Because I really love the jacket. And it worked once. But they've been hanging there so long that they've become wallpaper.
I thought it might be a useful contemplative exercise to draw the jacket, because in drawing it there's no getting around thinking about it. Jacket meditation, as it were.
It's a nice spring-weight fabric. I let you know in a few months whether this proved to be anything but a drawing exercise.
No comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Engineers race to build a massive dome to contain the crumbling remains of Chernobyl's reactor. Wednesday, April 26 at 9 PM
On Second Thought is a one-hour, daily news talk show that airs at 9 a.m. ET weekdays.
145 employers seeking to fill more than 6,000 positions? This job fair is must-see stuff for anyone looking for work.
The GHSA state championships for football are right around the corner. There are 16 teams left on the road to the Georgia Dome and by late Saturday night all eight champions for 2016 will be... MORE
GPB is counting on you to come to the rescue during our Spring Fund Drive. Show your support today!
Thu., May 22, 2014 8:58am
Coastal Ga. Weekend: Savannah And Coastal Events May 23-26
The editor of DO Savannah and social media director of Visit Savannah highlight some events in and around Savannah this weekend.
Full Story