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text:
Número de publicación | US3992222 A |
Tipo de publicación | Concesión |
Número de solicitud | US 05/596,044 |
Fecha de publicación | 16 Nov 1976 |
Fecha de presentación | 15 Jul 1975 |
Fecha de prioridad | 15 Jul 1975 |
También publicado como | CA1058284A, CA1058284A1, DE2631892A1 |
Número de publicación | 05596044, 596044, US 3992222 A, US 3992222A, US-A-3992222, US3992222 A, US3992222A |
Inventores | William J. Walsh, Charles C. McPheeters, Neng-Ping Yao, Kobuyuki Koura |
Cesionario original | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration |
Exportar cita | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Citas de patentes (1), Citada por (43), Clasificaciones (9) | |
Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet | |
The invention described herein was made in the course of, or under, a contract with the UNITED STATES ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION.
This invention relates to high-temperature, secondary electrochemical cells and batteries of such cells that can be employed as power sources for electrical automobiles, hybrid electric vehicles or for the storage of energy generated during intervals of off-peak power consumption. It is particularly applicable to electrochemical cells that employ metal sulfides as positive electrode reactants and alkali metals as negative electrode reactants.
A substantial amount of work has been done on the development of these types of electrochemical cells and their electrodes. The various type cells showing promise have employed lithium, lithium-aluminum alloy or sodium as the reactant or active material within the negative electrode. In the positive electrode, the chalcogens, particularly sulfur and sulfur compounds, have been used. Electrolytes of molten salt, generally containing the ions of the negative reactant, provide ionic conduction between the electrodes. Examples of these secondary, high-temperature cells are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,396 to Walsh et al. entitled "Modular Electrochemical Cell", June 3, 1975; U.S. Pat. No. 3,884,715 to Cairns et al. entitled "Secondary Electrochemical Power Producing Cells Having Mixed Cathode Compositions, May 20, 1975; U.S. Pat. No. 3,827,910 to Cairns et al. entitled "Homogeneous Cathode Mixtures for Secondary Electrochemical Power-Producing Cells", Aug. 6, 1974; U.S. Pat. No. 3,716,409 to Cairns et al., entitled "Cathodes for Secondary Electrochemical Power-Producing Cells", Feb. 13, 1973; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,488,221 to Hiroshi Shimotake et al., Jan. 6, 1970. A number of other patent applications relating to these type cells include ERDA Case No. S-44,319, Ser. No. 434,459 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,589, issued Sept. 23, 1975, by Gay and Martino, entitled "Cathode for a Secondary Electrochemical Cell"; and Ser. No. 510,840, filed Sept. 30, 1974 by Yao and Walsh, entitled "Electrochemical Cell Assembled in Discharged State" now U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,291 Mar. 30, 1976. Each of these patents and patent applications are assigned to the assignee of the present application.
The iron sulfides FeS2 and FeS have been found to be particularly attractive sulfur compounds for use as positive electrode reactants. These materials are readily available and are much more easily contained within the cell than elemental sulfur. Although FeS2 has a lower equivalent weight and generally performs better within the positive electrodes than FeS, it reacts with and degrades iron components within the cell to form FeS. Consequently, inert materials such as molybdenum, tungsten or carbon are required for use in current collectors and electrical terminals in contact with FeS2 cathode compositions. Unfortunately, these materials are difficult to weld and otherwise fabricate into useful structures. Molybdenum in particular has been extensively used as a current collector with FeS2 positive electrodes. This current collector material contributes substantially to the weight and cost of the cell.
Various other problems have been encountered in the development of iron disulfide positive electrodes. A substantial volume increase occurs as this active positive electrode material reacts with lithium ions within the electrolyte to form lithium sulfide reaction product. The expansion may rupture or deform the electrode containment to reduce cell performance. In addition, various intermediate phases are formed within the positive electrode, for instance solid phases of Li2 FeS2, Li4 Fe2 S5, etc. Certain of these phases may interfere with the efficient utilization of the electrode active materials.
Therefore, in view of these problems associated with the development of iron disulfide as positive-electrode active material, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved composition for use as active material within a positive electrode of a secondary electrochemical cell.
It is a further object to provide improved positive-electrode material that can be employed with a reduced amount of inert metal current collector.
It is also an object to provide a positive-electrode active material including iron disulfide that undergoes reduced expansion on discharge.
It is also an object to provide a positive electrode active material with iron disulfide that exhibits improved utilization of the active material.
In accordance with the present invention, a secondary electrochemical cell is presented that includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode including an improved active material and an electrolyte for providing ionic conduction between the electrodes. The improved positive-electrode, active material includes a major proportion by weight of iron disulfide and a minor proportion by weight of a polyvalent metal sulfide other than iron disulfide. In a more specific aspect of the invention, the polyvalent metal sulfide is a sulfide of a metal selected from the group of polyvalent metals consisting of cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese and cerium.
The present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a secondary electrochemical cell.
FIG. 2 is a graph of resistivity vs atom fraction (x) of Co in Fe1-x Cox S2.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are graphs of cell voltage vs percent theoretical capacity for several electrochemical cells described in Example IV. In FIG. 3A the positive-electrode active materials are, in curve A: FeS2, curve B: FeS2 -CoS2, curve C: FeS2 -NiS and curve D: FeS2 -Cu2 S. In FIG. 3B the active materials are in curve A: FeS2, curve E: FeS2 -MnS and curve F: FeS2 -Ce2 S3.
FIG. 4 is a graph of percent volume increase vs percent theoretical capacity for the positive electrodes of Example V.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a secondary electrochemical cell is illustrated that has been used to demonstrate the present invention. It will be clear that various other cell configurations including many of those illustrated in the patents and applications cited above can also employ the improved positive-electrode material of the present invention. The cell is shown with an outer housing 11 of stainless steel or other inert material containing two negative electrodes 13 and 15 and a centrally disposed positive electrode 17. The electrodes are separated by an electrically insulated mesh, paper or fabric 19, for instance of boron nitride, that is shown enveloping the positive electrode 17. Most of the volume of the cell housing 11 not occupied by the electrodes and particularly that volume intermediate the positive and negative electrodes is filled with a molten electrolyte for ionic conduction between the electrodes. For clarity in the drawing, the molten electrolyte is not shown. The electrolyte used in the cell can be selected from known eutectic salt compositions that are molten at the cell operating temperatures. Electrolytes such as eutectic compositions of LiCl-KCl or LiCl-LiF-KBr and LiF-LiCl-LiI salts have ben found to be suitable for this purpose. Various other suitable electrolytic salts can be selected from those listed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,488,221, cited above.
An electrical conductor 21 passes through the housing wall and an opening within the upper negative electrode into electrical contact with the central positive electrode 17. The conductor is supported and insulated from the cell housing by suitable electrical feedthrough structure 23. Electrical contact is made to the negative electrodes through the cell housing 11 through conventional electrical connections (not shown).
Negative electrodes 13 and 15 can be any one of a number of types such as illustrated in the patents and applications cited in the Background of the Invention. These negative electrodes can contain as active material a molten alkali metal such as lithium metal or sodium metal. Also, a solid alloy of lithium-aluminum, lithium-magnesium and other binary and ternary lithium alloys can serve as the active material. A molten, negative-electrode, active material will be contained within a porous substrate of, for instance, stainless steel or nickel. Solid alloy material, for instance lithium-aluminum alloy, can be formed by electrodepositing lithium onto a porous aluminum substrate. In addition, particulate solid alloy material can be distributed throughout a porous metallic substrate in order to provide a negative electrode. Screens or mesh 25 of an inert material such as stainless steel are illustrated at the negative electrode surfaces facing the positive electrode for structural support and retention of active material.
The structure of positive electrode 17 is not critical. It is illustrated in a form generally representative of the type employed in the cells given in the examples. As shown, it is enveloped by the porous, electrically insulative separator 19 of, for instance, boron nitride paper, cloth or fabric. The positive-electrode structure in general will include the positive-electrode active material 27, current collector material 29 and electrolyte.
As illustrated, several layers of current collector 29 are electrically connected to conductor 21 at their center and are embedded within a mixture of the active material and electrolyte. The current collector can be sheets, mesh, screens, foam layers or other forms of electrical conductors. In some embodiments, particulate current collector material can be used in combination with or in place of the illustrated layers. The current collectors are of an electrically conductive material that will not extensively corrode in contact with the electrolyte and electrode materials at the electrode potential, for instance of molybdenum, molybdenum alloys, tungsten or carbon.
The positive-electrode active material 27 can also be provided in a number of structural forms, for example, as solid particulate material or as a solid structure with porosity. In each instance, electrolyte is mixed or interspersed with or through the active material to provide ionic conduction to the current collector. In other structures, a porous current collector such as a felt or foam can be filled with the active material and electrolyte.
The active positive electrode material is a composition including a major weight proportion of iron disulfide and a minor proportion by weight of one or more other polyvalent metal sulfides. Each of the polyvalent metals, like iron, is capable of combining with sulfur in more than one state of oxidation. For example, sulfides of cobalt include CoS, CoS2, Co3 S4 and Co2 S3. Often a polyvalent sulfide is conveniently provided and can be employed as a mixture of several stoichiometric compounds, e.g. mixtures of CoS and Co3 S4.
The composition of iron disulfide and the polyvalent sulfide can be prepared initially by a number of methods. In a typical manner employed for the cells described in the examples below, particulate mixtures of iron disulfide and the polyvalent metal sulfide were prepared and subsequently flooded with molten electrolyte within the cell. On cycling of the cell at the elevated operating temperature of 400° to 450° C., other ternary and perhaps more complicated systems of iron, polyvalent metal, sulfur and possibly other constituents are indicated. It is therefore contemplated that the positive-electrode active material can be prepared initially in various forms of ternary systems including a sulfide compound or berthollide with polyvalent metal substituted for a portion of the iron, a solid solution of the polyvalent metal sulfide and the iron disulfide, a eutectic composition of the constituents or various single and polyphase systems including the constituents.
A number of polyvalent metal sulfide additives have been found which can be combined with iron disulfide to improve the performance of the positive electrode. Additives such as sulfides of cobalt, cerium and nickel are highly conductive materials that reduce the resistance of the electrode. Some of these, such as cobalt and nickel sulfides as well as other sulfides that have higher resistivities, may react during cycling of the cell to provide an electrically conductive metal, e.g. Co, Ni, Cu. These polyvalent metal sulfides exhibit thermodynamic equilibrium potentials within the cell operating range, e.g. between 1.3 to 2.3 volts, IR free, versus lithium metal, in the formation of lithium sulfide and the electrically conductive metal. Other metal sulfides, such as those of manganese and cerium, that do not exhibit similar equilibrium potentials can possibly improve cell performance in combination with other electrode materials. A number of the polyvalent metal sulfides may interact with other materials within the positive electrode at operating temperature and potential to form electrically conductive phases or merely phases that exhibit reduced diffusional resistance within the positive electrode.
The improved active materials with low ohmic resistance (as opposed to diffusional resistance) can operate with reduced amounts of expensive current collector material at increased power output. Reduction in diffusional resistance leads to improved utilization of the active material.
Table I lists a number of metal sulfide additives that are contemplated for combining with iron disulfide to reduce both ohmic and diffusion resistance of a positive electrode. Resistivities are given where available for comparison with the resistivity of FeS2 which is 3.88 × 10- 2 at 340° C.
TABLE I______________________________________ ResistivityAdditive Ohm-cm at 450° C.______________________________________TiS2 1.0 × 10- 2Ti2 S3 --TiS --CoS2 2.2 × 10- 4Co2 S3 --CoS --Co3 S4 --V2 S3 102Cr2 S3 0.1MnS 10 (single crystal of α-MnS)MnS2 --CdS 10ZnS 2 × 10- 6Ce2 S3 5 × 10- 4CeS 1.4 × 10- 4Cu2 S 3 × 10- 2 (400° C.)Sb2 S3 2.7 (510° C.)PbS 6.1 × 10- 3 (340° C.)MoS2 2.1 × 10- 1 (102° C.)Mo2 S3 --NiS2 10- 2NiS2 1.6 × 10- 4Ni3 S4 --Ni3 S2 --______________________________________
One manner of determining the amount of metal sulfide additive to be included is through the reduction in resistivity of the mixture of the positive-electrode active material. Literature values for the Fe1-x Cox S2 system indicate that cobalt sulfide additions up to about 0.10 atom fraction produce a substantial reduction in resistivity, while a somewhat more gradual reduction is produced by additions beyond 0.10 atom fraction. This relationship is clearly shown in the graph of FIG. 2. For this ternary system of Fe-Co-S2, atom and weight fraction of iron and cobalt are approximately the same.
In order to demonstrate the present development, a number of electrochemical cells have been operated in the laboratory with various positive-electrode, active materials. These cells are illustrated in the following examples.
Two laboratory electrochemical cells, each having a single negative electrode and a single positive electrode, were assembled for operation with a particulate mixture of FeS2 and Co2 S3 as positive-electrode, active material. One of the cells (FC-1) employed three molybdenum screens brazed to a central molybdenum rod as a positive electrode current collector. An external molybdenum basket maintained at positive potential, but separated from the electrode active material by a zirconia fabric, was used to define the electrode geometry.
The second cell (FC-2) used a single molybdenum screen and central molybdenum rod to test the effect of reduced amounts of current collector material. This electrode also eliminated the molybdenum basket through use of a stainless steel basket maintained at negative electrode potential. Other characteristics of the two cells are given below in Table II.
TABLE II______________________________________Cell FC-1 FC-2______________________________________Positive ElectrodeFeS2 20.5 g 19.95 gCO2 S3 2.0 g 2.21 gArea 23.1 cm2 22.8 cm2Volume 23 cm2 20.6 cm2Current Collector 3 Mo screens 1 Mo screensCapacity (FeS2) 18.3 A-hr 17.8 A-hrCapacity (CO2 S3) 1.5 A-hr 1.66 A-hrNegative ElectrodeMaterial Li-Al Li-AlCapacity 27.2 A-hr 26.71 A-hrArea 38.3 cm2 38.3 cm2Operating Temperature 450° C. 450° C.______________________________________
Both the cells were operated through nearly identical cycling programs with discharge voltages of about 1.6 to 0.7, capacity densities of 0.7 to 0.2 A-hr/cm2 and current densities ranging from 20 ma/cm2 to 700 ma/cm2. These measurements showed there was no significant difference between the performance of the two cells. The operation of these cells shows that a substantial reduction in the amount of molybdenum current collector can be made with cells employing iron disulfide with a sulfide of cobalt additive as positive-electrode, active material.
Two electrochemical cells similar in construction to the cell illustrated in FIG. 1 were operated for extended periods of time in excess of 1500 hours and 70 cycles each. In the first cell (W-5) only FeS2 was employed as the positive electrode active material, while the second cell included a particulate mixture of FeS2 and about 10 weight percent of a sulfide of cobalt having a nominal composition of Co2 S3. Analysis indicated the composition was predominantly CoS with small quantities of Co3 S4. Additional data regarding the two cells is given below in Table III.
TABLE III______________________________________Cell No. W-5 W-10______________________________________Positive Electrodewt of active materials, FeS2, g 170 170Co2 S3, g 0 17.5Theoretical capacity, A-hr 151 150Diameter, cm 12 12Thickness, cm 1 1wt of Mo current collector, screen 63 63and rod, gNegative Electrodewt of Li-Al alloy, g 223 200Theoretical capacity, A-hr 150 150wt of S.S. screen and ring 45 45Diameter, cm 12.8 12.8Thickness (each), cm 1.0 1.0Electrolyte LiCl-KCl LiCl-KClwt. g 401 480Operating temperature, ° C. 450 450Cutoff VoltagesCharge 2.35 2.15Discharge 0.7 0.85______________________________________
As shown in the table, the cells include essentially the same mass of molybdenum current collector material. Resistance measurements made on the cells in the charged state showed an ohmic resistance of 8 milliohms in cell W-5 and only 5 milliohms in cell W-10. This reduction in ohmic resistance is attributed to the increased conductivity of the positive-electrode active material including the sulfide of cobalt. Table III also shows a substantially lower charge cutoff voltage for cell W-10 than for cell W-5. The lower charge potential reduces the corrosivity of the electrode environment and may permit use of a less noble current collector material than molybdenum. Notwithstanding the lower charge cutoff along with higher discharges cutoffs, cell W-10 exhibited a capacity of about 115 amp hours at 5 and 7 amperes discharge and 450° C. operating temperature throughout a major portion of its life. This corresponds to a utilization of approximately 77 percent. At these same current levels, cell W-5 without the sulfide of cobalt additive produced only 80 to 90 amp hours corresponding to a utilization of about 57 percent. This increase in capacity within a reduced range of cutoff voltages is attributed to the sulfide of cobalt additive within the positive-electrode active material.
A third cell (W-11) of a construction substantially the same as that illustrated in FIG. 1 and described in Example II included a positive-electrode active material of FeS2 -- 10 wt. % Co2 S3 (nominal composition). However, only 1/3 the number of current collector layers and 1/2 the mass of molybdenum material was included in the positive electrode compared to the positive electrodes of cells W-5 and W-10. Resistance measurements made on this cell showed an ohmic resistance in the charged state of 4.5 milliohms. This clearly indicates that through use of the positive-electrode active material of the present invention a substantial reduction in the mass of current collector material can be made without detrimental effects.
A number of experimental cells were operated, each having one positive and one negative electrode with LiCl-KCl electrolyte between the electrodes. The negative electrodes were of Li-Al alloy electrochemically formed on a porous compact of aluminum wire with a theoretical capacity of about 19 A-hr. The aluminum wire compacts were about 7.6 cm diameter and contained about 25 grams of aluminum. Each of the positive electrodes were about 20 cm square area and an average thickness of about 3/4 cm. Each included particulate active material, electrolyte and one layer of molybdenum mesh as current collector material. The active material was of particle sizes of between 75 and 180 U.S. standard mesh. The positive-electrode, active material in the first cell was FeS2 alone. In each subsequent cell, a metal sulfide additive in an amount of 15 atom % was included with the FeS2. In each cell, the total weight of the positive-electrode active material was 14 grams.
During the test the cells were operated between 20 and 40 cycles for about 300 to 550 hours at different current levels (1A, 2A or 3A) and two temperature levels (typically 400° C. and 450° C.). Various characteristics of each of the cells are tabulated below in Table IV.
TABLE IV__________________________________________________________________________AdditiveWt. % Additive Theo. Capacity, A-hr FeS2, A-hr Additive, A-hr__________________________________________________________________________None 0 12.5 12.5 0TiS214.1 12.6 10.7 1.9CoS215.3 12.5 10.6 1.9V2 S312.3 11.0* 11.0 1.4Cr7 S812.9 12.4 10.9 1.5MnS 11.3 11.1* 11.1 1.0CdS 17.5 11.2 10.3 0.9CaS 9.6 12.3 11.3 1.0ZnS 12.5 11.9 10.9 1.0Ce2 S321.7 9.8* 9.8 1.3NiS 11.8 12.0 11.0 1.0Cu2 S10.5 11.7 11.2 0.5__________________________________________________________________________ *Since the additive is thermodynamically nonreactive between the cell cutoff potentials, the capacity of the additive is not included in the theoretical capacity.
The results of these tests for the positive-electrode, active material including FeS2 alone and five of the more promising additive materials are shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. These figures are discharge curves at 2 amps current and 450° C. showing utilization as a percentage of theoretical capacity versus cell discharge voltage. In FIG.. 3A, curve A corresponds to FeS2, curve B to FeS2 -CoS2, curve C to FeS2 -NiS, curve D to FeS2 -Cu2 S, and in FIG. 3B curve A again corresponds to FeS2, curve E to FeS2 -MnS, curve F to FeS2 -Ce2 S3 as the positive-electrode active material within the respective cells.
Most of the remaining cells having other positive electrode additive materials exhibited performances not substantially better than that of FeS2 alone. However, the cell including zinc sulfide additive did provide good improvement in the present utilization of active material at the lower voltage plateau of 1.2 volts and below.
It is therefore seen from the results presented in FIGS. 3A and 3B that the addition of each of the sulfides of five polyvalent metals provides a substantial and unexpected improvement in the utilization of active material in a positive electrode including a major proportion of FeS2.
Two electrochemical cells, each with Li-Al alloys as negative electrode material and LiCl-KCl electrolyte were operarted through their first discharge cycle at 50 ma/cm2 at a temperature of 425° C. Measurements of axial expansion were made on the positive electrode of each cell during this first cycle of operation. The first cell included particulate FeS2 as the active positive electrode material, while the second cell included FeS2 -- 16 wt. % Co2 S3. The results of these tests are shown in FIG. 4 with the cell employing FeS2 -Co2 S3 as active material exhibiting both a higher utilization of active material as well as about a 15 to 20% reduction in volume expansion.
It will be clear from the above that the present invention provides an electrochemical cell including an improved positive electrode active material. The use of this active material provides a number of unexpected benefits not realized by previous cells employing only particulate FeS2. Among these benefits are improved utilization of the active material, reduced swelling of the electrode and reduced electrode resistance which can result in higher power output and a reduction in the required amount of current collector material.
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US4761487 * | 10 Jun 1986 | 2 Ago 1988 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for improving voltage regulation of batteries, particularly Li/FeS2 thermal batteries |
US5919587 * | 21 May 1997 | 6 Jul 1999 | Moltech Corporation | Composite cathodes, electrochemical cells comprising novel composite cathodes, and processes for fabricating same |
US6238821 | 15 Abr 1999 | 29 May 2001 | Moltech Corporation | Composite cathodes, electrochemical cells comprising novel composite cathodes, and processes for fabricating same |
US7790315 | 13 Ene 2006 | 7 Sep 2010 | Sion Power Corporation | Composite cathodes, electrochemical cells comprising novel composite cathodes, and processes for fabricating same |
US7939198 | 27 Feb 2001 | 10 May 2011 | Sion Power Corporation | Composite cathodes, electrochemical cells comprising novel composite cathodes, and processes for fabricating same |
US8153296 | 27 Ago 2008 | 10 Abr 2012 | The Gillette Company | Lithium cell with cathode containing metal doped iron sulfide |
US8394520 | 5 Abr 2010 | 12 Mar 2013 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery electrolyte materials, electrode-electrolyte composites, and batteries including same |
US8440342 | 5 Abr 2010 | 14 May 2013 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery cathode materials and batteries including same |
US8623553 | 17 Mar 2010 | 7 Ene 2014 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Non-aqueous electrochemical cell having a mixture of at least three cathode materials therein |
US8652674 | 16 Jun 2011 | 18 Feb 2014 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery cathode materials containing nickel disulfide and batteries including same |
US8663825 | 5 Mar 2010 | 4 Mar 2014 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | End of life indication system and method for non-aqueous cell having amorphous or semi-crystalline copper manganese oxide cathode material |
US8669007 | 9 Nov 2009 | 11 Mar 2014 | Eaglepicher Technologies, LLC. | Non-aqueous cell having amorphous or semi-crystalline copper manganese oxide cathode material |
US8697279 | 14 Ene 2011 | 15 Abr 2014 | General Electric Company | Composition and energy storage device |
US20050196672 * | 1 Oct 2004 | 8 Sep 2005 | Mukherjee Shyama P. | Novel composite cathodes, eletrochemical cells comprising novel composite cathodes, and processes for fabricating same |
US20100003601 * | 9 Nov 2007 | 7 Ene 2010 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Electrochemical energy source with a cathodic electrode comprising at least one non-oxidic active species and electric device comprising such an electrochemical energy source |
US20100055574 * | 27 Ago 2008 | 4 Mar 2010 | Zhiping Jiang | Lithium cell with cathode containing metal doped iron sulfide |
US20100221616 * | 9 Nov 2009 | 2 Sep 2010 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Non-aqueous cell having amorphous or semi-crystalline copper manganese oxide cathode material |
US20100308253 * | 5 Abr 2010 | 9 Dic 2010 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery cathode materials and batteries including same |
US20100310907 * | 5 Mar 2010 | 9 Dic 2010 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | End of life indication system and method for non-aqueous cell having amorphous or semi-crystalline copper manganese oxide cathod material |
US20100310908 * | 17 Mar 2010 | 9 Dic 2010 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Non-aqueous electrochemical cell having a mixture of at least three cathode materials therein |
US20100310917 * | 5 Abr 2010 | 9 Dic 2010 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery electrolyte materials, electrode-electrolyte composites, and batteries including same |
US20160104890 * | 14 Oct 2014 | 14 Abr 2016 | General Electric Company | Electrode compositions and related energy storage devices |
CN102544482A * | 20 Dic 2010 | 4 Jul 2012 | 梅岭化工厂 | Formula of thermal battery CoS2 cathode material and processing technology |
CN104393353A * | 28 Nov 2014 | 4 Mar 2015 | 南开大学 | High-magnification and long-service-life rechargeable room-temperature sodium battery and preparation method thereof |
EP0068230A1 * | 11 Jun 1982 | 5 Ene 1983 | Union Carbide Corporation | Cell having mixed solid cathode materials for controlling cell expansion on discharge |
EP0068476A1 * | 26 Jun 1982 | 5 Ene 1983 | Union Carbide Corporation | Complex metal sulfide cathodes for nonaqueous cells |
EP0178396A1 * | 26 Jun 1982 | 23 Abr 1986 | Union Carbide Corporation | Solid cathode material and composition |
WO2008059413A1 * | 9 Nov 2007 | 22 May 2008 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Electrochemical energy source with a cathodic electrode comprising at least one non-oxidic active species and electric device comprising such an electrochemical energy source |
WO2010039670A1 * | 29 Sep 2009 | 8 Abr 2010 | The Gillette Company | Battery |
WO2010117956A1 | 5 Abr 2010 | 14 Oct 2010 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery cathode materials and batteries including same |
Clasificación de EE.UU. | 429/221, 429/207, 429/112 |
Clasificación internacional | H01M10/39, H01M4/58 |
Clasificación cooperativa | H01M4/581, H01M10/399 |
Clasificación europea | H01M4/58B, H01M10/39D |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Marilyn Monrore can make absolutely anything look good. Here she is wearing an outfit made of burlap potato sacks and she looks as captivating as ever.
Back in the early years during world war II, our fore mothers would use feedsacks as fabric and fashion them into clothes. Feedsacks have a whole interesting history of their own.
I found Sharons Antiques on line and they offer a simply fabulous variety of feedsack fabrics. I'm very very tempted to choose one of my vintage patterns over at Glamourstitch and try my hand at this. What would you make?
Monday, April 23, 2012
2 comments:
- funkymacgirl said...
even in a potatoe sack she is gorgeous, love it!!
- April 23, 2012 at 9:21 AM
- marie93ann said...
Marilyn Monday was a great idea, I've been pinning your pics like crazy! Just wanted to let you know I appreciate your blog - Marie
- April 24, 2012 at 6:49 AM
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Perl: the Markov chain saw | |
PerlMonks |
Comment on |
( #3333=superdoc: print w/replies, xml ) | Need Help?? |
It would work - But I need to remember the choice per user. As I think of it, I could of course store the selection for the current session(user) instead:)
In reply to Re^2: Send x% of the users to A, the rest to B
by DreamT


text:
WDB - Water and Weather Database
Welcome to the WDB wiki.
WDB (Weather and Water Database) is a database system designed to store meteorological, hydrological and oceanographic (MHO) data in a PostgreSQL database management server. The purpose of the WDB system is to improve the quality and effectiveness of IT systems for MHO production by providing a flexible and effective data storage solution for real-time and archive data. The system is the backbone of yr.no; Scandinavia's largest weather site. WDB has been in limited usage as a forecast archive since version 0.6.0 released in March 2008, and entered production usage on yr.no with version 0.7.8 at the end of February 2009.
The WDB system consists of a database server system including a read/write interface to the database, a set of loading programs for inserting various types of MHO data into the system, and a http product generator (WDB2TS).
WDB Features
- Decode and store meteorological and oceanographic forecast fields
- WDB has loading programs to load forecasts, analysis, wave and circulations models stored in GRIB1 and FELT format. Metadata is provided for HIRLAM fields
- Flexible retrieval interface
- The WDB Call Interface (WCI) allows the extraction of entire fields or points (time-series) from the database using an SQL-based function interface.
- WCI is compatible with C/C++ and Java; it should be usable from any platform that can access a database.
- Open Source; licensed under GPL2 or (at your option) any later version.
Get WDB
You can access the full source code of the WDB system on github or browse the repositories on this site.
Component | Repositories | Description | |
wdb | rWDB github | The core WDB database system | |
libwdbload | rLIBWDBLOAD github | C++ library for writing/loading data into the WDB database system. This is the base library for most of the loading programs. | |
wdb-ncload | rNCLOAD github | Application for loading NC (NetCDF) data into the WDB database system. | |
wdb-gribload | rGRIBLOAD github | Application for loading GRIB data into the WDB database system. | |
wdb-demload | rDEMLOAD github | Application for loading DEM (demographic) data into the WDB database system. | |
wdb-pointvaluebatchload | rPOINTLOAD github | Application for effective batch loading of image data into the WDB database system. | |
wdb-metadata | rWDBMETNO github | Package for installing MET Norway specific metadata into WDB (sources, places, parameters). | |
wdb2ts | rWDBTS github | Apache module for extracting data from WDB through HTTP |
The following documents may be of use:
- WDB User Manual - Covers the basics of installation and system administration
- WDB Metadata Guide - Describes the basics of the WDB metadata system
- Metadata Example - Example of an SQL file for setting up custom metadata
- WDB Call Interface - Documents the various functions of the WDB database
programming API
- WDB Build Guide - How to build WDB from the source code
Mailing List
We have a mailing list on email@example.com
It can be signed up to here: http://lists.met.no/mailman/listinfo/wdb-users
Some interesting discussions can be found on the old mailing list, here.
Get Involved
WDB is an open-source project; we welcome contributions to the code and we will help you become involved, if you are interested in working on it. We also appreciate your feedback and bug reports.
If you find an error in our documentation (or miss some explanation), you are extremely welcome to register/log-in, and correct the mistake and/or omission.
The WDB workboard and tasks can be found here: WDB
Issues and feature requests
Please file bug reports/requests using Maniphest, and tag the task with the wdb project.
You can contact us by e-mail at email@example.com
- Last Author
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Death, Devil, Election, Faith, Fellowship, Grace, Holiness, Justification, Lord, Mediator, Mortification, Reconciliation, Regeneration, Revelation, Sanctification, Scripture, Sin & World. If the modern world can be characterized by one thing it is probably the enormous increase in the number of words around - but that increase has also been accompanied by a seemingly corresponding decrease in understanding. It is the irony of the information age that instead of bringing clarity it has raised uninformed opinion to the same level as truth.
The church has also not been faultless. Rather than discuss ideas in order to come to some settled agreement, the church has been characterized as trying to make words mean different things in order to accommodate differences. J. I. Packer is a master wordsmith. He is also gifted with the ability of showing where truth lies in complicated reasoning. These skills combine to make Words from God a fascinating read – and a life-changing one.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: of Biblical Words and Themes
J.I. Packer (born in Gloucester, England) is a British-born Canadian Christian theologian in the Calvinistic Anglican tradition. He currently serves as the Board of Governors' Professor of Theology at Regent College in Vancouver, British Columbia. He is considered to be one of the most important evangelical theologians of the late 20th century.


text:
Taxing Leisure Complements
Ever since Corlett and Hague (1953), it has been understood that it tends to be optimal on second-best grounds to (relatively) tax complements to leisure and subsidize substitutes because doing so helps to offset the distorting effect of taxation on labor supply. Yet in the context of simultaneous optimization of a nonlinear income tax and commodity taxes, Atkinson and Stiglitz (1976) claim to have demonstrated the opposite, that goods complementary with leisure should "face lower tax rates, whereas substitutes face higher tax rates." Derivations in leading texts on optimal taxation seem to yield opposing conclusions regarding the sign of optimal deviation of commodity taxes from uniformity. It is demonstrated that the optimality of relatively taxing leisure complements is indeed correct, and conflicting results are explained.
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Length: | |
Date of creation: | Oct 2008 |
Publication status: | published as TAXING LEISURE COMPLEMENTS LOUIS KAPLOW† Article first published online: 5 AUG 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-7295.2009.00230.x © 2009 Western Economic Association International Issue Economic Inquiry Economic Inquiry Volume 48, Issue 4, pages 1065–1071, October 2010 |
Handle: | RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14397 |
Note: | PE |
Contact details of provider: | Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Phone: 617-868-3900 Web page: http://www.nber.org Email: More information through EDIRC |
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Kaplow, Louis, 2006.
"On the undesirability of commodity taxation even when income taxation is not optimal,"
Journal of Public Economics,
Elsevier, vol. 90(6-7), pages 1235-1250, August.
- Louis Kaplow, 2004. "On the Undesirability of Commodity Taxation Even When Income Taxation is Not Optimal," NBER Working Papers 10407, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- W. J. Corlett & D. C. Hague, 1953. "Complementarity and the Excess Burden of Taxation," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 21(1), pages 21-30.
- Léonard,Daniel & Long,Ngo van, 1992.
"Optimal Control Theory and Static Optimization in Economics,"
Cambridge Books,
Cambridge University Press, number 9780521337465, December.
- Léonard,Daniel & Long,Ngo van, 1992. "Optimal Control Theory and Static Optimization in Economics," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521331586, December.
- Leonard, Daniel, 1987. "Co-state variables correctly value stocks at each instant A proof," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 117-122, March.
- Laroque, Guy R., 2005.
"Indirect taxation is superfluous under separability and taste homogeneity: a simple proof,"
Economics Letters,
Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 141-144, April.
- Guy Laroque, 2004. "Indirect Taxation is Superfluous under Separability and Taste Homogeneity : A Simple Proof," Working Papers 2004-23, Centre de Recherche en Economie et Statistique.
- Aled ab Iorwerth & John Whalley, 2002. "Efficiency considerations and the exemption of food from sales and value added taxes," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 35(1), pages 166-182, February.
- Myles,Gareth D., 1995. "Public Economics," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521497695, December.
- West, Sara E. & Parry, Ian W.H., 2009.
"Alcohol-Leisure Complementarity: Empirical Estimates and Implications for Tax Policy,"
National Tax Journal,
National Tax Association, vol. 62(4), pages 611-633, December.
- West, Sarah E. & Parry, Ian W.H., 2009. "Alcohol/Leisure Complementarity: Empirical Estimates and Implications for Tax Policy," Discussion Papers dp-09-09, Resources For the Future.
- Dorfman, Robert, 1969. "An Economic Interpretation of Optimal Control Theory," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 59(5), pages 817-831, December.
- J. A. Mirrlees, 1971. "An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 38(2), pages 175-208.
- Atkinson, A. B. & Stiglitz, J. E., 1976. "The design of tax structure: Direct versus indirect taxation," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(1-2), pages 55-75.
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Tuesday, November 6, 2007
Cowgirl Chocolates Buckin' Hot Habanero CaramelsMy neighbors went on vacation a while back and brought me something I can't readily find around here (which is one of the best things for friends to give you when the return from their travels!). They brought back this half-pound tin of Cowgirl Chocolates' Buckin' Hot Habanero Caramels. It's a pretty tin packed with golden caramels wrapped in clear cellophane. They look rather ordinary. Those words of warning "SPICY SPICY" across the front of the tin don't really look like they apply to these caramels. There are no little flecks of peppers, just a buttery smelling caramel. They're very soft and have a good pull to them. Easy to chew they have an immediate low burn of habanero chili. Then a warmer burn. Then a throat blistering sensation that dulls all other flavors. Are they Buckin' hot? Buck yeah! They qualify as SPICY SPICY. I took to eating them with other things, like pieces of dark chocolate and pretzels. But I don't care much for candy that requires assembly, especially when the other products aren't included. Too spicy for me. I'm sure I'd like some of their other more sedate treats like truffles or these Truffle Bars. So I'll keep that in mind. (As a general rule though, I don't care for products that have logos with guns aimed at me.) Related Candies
POSTED BY Cybele AT 8:39 am Comments
Next entry: Melville Candy Company Honey Spoons Previous entry: Boston Baked Beans |
Meticulously photographed and documented reviews of candy from around the world. And the occasional other sweet adventures. Open your mouth, expand your mind.


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Cynical, Subversive 'Blacksite: Area 51' Bashes Bush's War Machine
Cynical, Subversive 'Blacksite: Area 51' Bashes Bush's War Machine
November 18, 2007 by Leave a Comment
Where the Christian faith meets the common knowledge of our age
Richard H. Clark is the co-founder and editor-in-chief of Christ and Pop Culture. He has a Master of Arts in Theology and the Arts from the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. He lives in Louisville, Ky. He is also the managing editor of Gamechurch and a freelance writer for Unwinnable, Paste, and other outlets.
E-mail: clarkrichardh [at] gmail [dot] com.
Twitter: @deadyetliving
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16th January 2013, 07:43 PM | #1 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2010
Speaker sounds better alone
Hey all,
I have LM3886 chip amplifier and Mar-Kel70 speakers. My music source is a laptop. I have built my Mar-Kel70's couple years ago and I have been satisfied. Now I started to veneer them only because I want them to be veneered istead of painted. I do one speaker firts and then second because I want to listen to the music and radio while I do the job. I'm not 100% sure but I think my "set" sound better now with other speaker unplugged Especially the bass seems to be more accurate and less boomy. I tried both channels of the amplifier and I can not hear difference. Has anybody any idea what would be going on? I thought music would sound worse with one speaker compared to two. |
16th January 2013, 07:54 PM | #2 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Dec 2003
Location: Randers, Denmark
Have you checked polarity with both speakers playing. If polarity is wrong you will have thin bass between speakers and boomy bass if you walk to either side of the speakers.
The soundstage will also be very diffuse. You should also check that all effects are off on your laptops soundcard |
16th January 2013, 07:56 PM | #3 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2008
Check the polarity of the connections between amp and speakers, that could account for weirdness in the bass if one of the two was reversed. Other than that, rooms with odd configurations can be more susceptible to speaker placement, try another overall layout scheme if the previous solution fails, assuming this can apply here.
Outside of an actual problem, I find that a single fullrange driver in mono can sound quite wonderful. IG |
16th January 2013, 09:21 PM | #4 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2005
Location: UK
Often better than two on a mono recording, that's for sure.
17th January 2013, 01:13 AM | #5 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2003
Location: Jakarta
One channel sounds better than 2 channels? Poor power supply can do that.
17th January 2013, 02:03 AM | #6 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Sep 2009
Location: Gulfport fl.
It has to do with the head related transfer function. 1 speaker will always sound better because there is no phantom image. But then you give up wide spatial imaging.
I suggest you read into ambiophonics, ambisonics, matrix stereo and trinaural, that is if you haven't already.
25th January 2013, 07:34 AM | #7 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: iowa
melo is right. I played around with ambiophonics and since then, I could not listen to a stereo pair of speakers, the voice was a large blob and hazy (and quieter) compared to a barrier.
But full range drivers can center image better than even 6db time aligned speakers probably due to less highs splashing off walls to confuse imaging (sound from right speaker hitting left wall then your ears). Home Page I've not gotten into the dsp end of ambio, but maybe someday...... Your bass is off ? yea, probably 1 driver is out of phase. Any resolution on this ? Norman Last edited by norman bates; 25th January 2013 at 07:37 AM. |
25th January 2013, 07:25 PM | #8 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2010
I checked connections and spekers were not out of phase. I think it is maybe this room which makes it happen. I think I have finished my first veneering by tuesday and then I'm able to listen again. I've been thinking of buying cheap DAC and I've been looking NuForce AirDAC. Now I realized that because my system don't have preamp is it possible to plug that kind of DAC straight to amplifier or does it need to be "Headphone DAC?" AirDAC says RCA Output: 1.6 - 2.1Vrms.
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If you have and questions about the Sailing Yacht Koo (ex 'Vent D'est') information page below please contact us.
Type/Year: | Luxury fast cruising sailing yacht/2002 | ||
Refit: | N/A | Beam: | 8.8m |
L.O.A.: | 42.9m. (140ft8') | Crew: | 6 |
Guests: | 8 | Max Speed: | enquire |
Cabins: | 4 | Engines: | MTU 12V 18 |
Cruise Speed: | 12.5 knots | More Yacht Info: | Dubois yachts |
Builder/Designer: | Vitters, Dubois | ||
Locations: | Western Mediterranean, Tortola, St. Vincent, St. Martin/St Maarten, St. Lucia, St. Kitts, St Tropez, St Barts, South Africa, Sicily, Sardinia, Portofino, Nice, Naples & Capri, Monaco, THE MEDITERRANEAN, Martinique, Leeward Islands, Italy, Grenadines, French Riviera, France, Cote d Azur, Corsica, THE CARIBBEAN, Cannes, BVI, British Virgin Islands, Antigua, Antibes, Amalfi Coast, Adventure Charter |
The luxury yacht Sailing Yacht Koo (ex 'Vent D'est') displayed on this page is merely informational and she is not necessarily available for yacht charter or for sale, nor is she represented or marketed in anyway by CharterWorld. This web page and the superyacht information contained herein is not contractual. All yacht specifications and informations are displayed in good faith but CharterWorld does not warrant or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the current accuracy, completeness, validity, or usefulness of any superyacht information and/or images displayed. All boat information is subject to change without prior notice and may not be current.


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For perfect windows every time, anywhere on the page.
Designed to make windows in any location on your scrapbook page or card, this punch provides you with endless possibilities. The clear magnetic alignment grid helps to line up repeat punches to make window cards faster. Interchangeable designs make it easy to get the shape you want, where you want it.
- Unlimited Reach - Magnets automatically line up punch while clear alignment grid helps line up perfect repeat punches anywhere on your paper
- Create Windows Fast - Perfect for cards and framing photos
- Creates a 2" window
- Lifetime Warranty
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Output as a gallery from the directory.
directory to the /wp-content/plugins/
[gallerylink set='all']
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.Please set. (Settings > Gallerylink)
Navigate to the appearance section and select widgets, select wordpress GalleryLinkRssFeed and configure from here.
Requires: 3.0.1 or higher
Compatible up to: 4.7.3
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Lot 380: Fine Chinese Carved Ivory Figure of Quanyin
Autumn Outstanding Antiques & Fine Art Auction
by Bruneau & Co. Auctioneers
October 29, 2016
Cranston, RI, USA
Live AuctionSold
Looking for the realized and estimated price?
Description: CHINA, QING DYNASTY A fine Chinese carved ivory figure of Quanyin. Quanyin was carved with exceptional detail. She stands in a serene pose with one hand raised to her chin with the other holding her robe. Beautiful graining to surface throughout. We added the base for display.
Condition Report: Very good condition.
Provenance: Comes with authentication report.
Dimensions: Figure is 7 1/8" tall, 8 1/8" with base.


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Decimal Degrees: Latitude: 36.4640388 Longitude: -77.728315
Share your comments and photos of Bible Way Church, a Church in Halifax County, NC
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Church: Saint Marks Church , London Church , Shearins Chapel , Bible Way Church
Military (Historical): Roanoke Rapids Air Force Station (historical)
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New! Tell others about this location or share a photo!
Time to build: 0.0940 Secs | Cached: 26-Mar-17 07:11 AM


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IQMS Technology Partners
IQMS takes pride in the relationships that have helped us become a leading provider of Manufacturing Software and ERP Software world-wide. Selective in the companies we partner with, IQMS trusts and recommends the companies below. Please click on any of the logos to visit a partner website and learn more about the technology solutions they offer.
Avalara, Inc., is a leading provider of cloud-based software that delivers a broad array of compliance solutions related to sales tax and other transactional taxes.
EnterpriseIQ production reporting is powered by Crystal Reports, the leading reporting software from SAP Business Objects.
Cleo Communications provides the highest-quality file transfer software that allows the EnterpriseIQ EDI module to ensure secure exchanges to and from trading partners. Cleo offers advanced features and multiple Drummond certified protocols, including AS2, and runs reliably around the clock.
dtSearch is a blindingly fast text search and retrieval product. This tool will build indexes of the files on your storage medium, and then allow you to build complex search requests that operate against the index files. dtSearch highlights hits in HTML, XML and PDF, while displaying links and images.
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By achieving a gold competency level within the Microsoft Partner Network IQMS has not only demonstrated "best-in-class" capability as market leaders within ERP technology industry, but is also distinguished amongst the top 1 percent of Microsoft's partner ecosystem worldwide
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The name Setra has stood for exceptional quality in highly accurate counting scales. Whether used for production weighing, inventory control, transaction processing, kitting or quality control, versatility and extremely high accuracy make the Sentra Super Count an exceptional value.


text:
Cranberry-Streusel Coffeecake
Total Time:
- ¾ c. chopped pecans
- .67 c. packed light-brown sugar
- ½ stick butter or margarine (not spread)
- 1 tbsp. ground cinnamon
- Cake
- 1¾ c. granulated sugar
- 1½ stick butter or margarine (not spread)
- 2 tsp. each baking powder and baking soda
- 1 tsp. salt
- 1 tbsp. vanilla extract
- 4 large eggs
- 1½ c. dried cranberries (7 1/2 ounces)
- 4 c. all-purpose flour
- 1 pt. sour cream
- Heat oven to 350°F. Lightly grease a 10-inch tube pan. Line bottom with waxed paper. Grease paper.
- Stir Streusel ingredients with a fork in a medium-size bowl until blended.
- Cake: In a large bowl with electric mixer on high speed, beat sugar, butter, baking powder, baking soda and salt 5 minutes or until pale and fluffy. With mixer on medium speed, beat in vanilla, then eggs, one at a time, until blended. Stir in the cranberries, then alternately stir in flour and sour cream in 3 additions until blended.
- Pour 5 cups batter into prepared pan; smooth top. Scatter 3/4 cup streusel mixture over the batter, leaving a 1/2-inch-wide border around edge of pan uncovered. Repeat layers with remaining batter and streusel.
- Bake 1 hour or until top is golden and a pick inserted in center of cake comes out clean.
- Let cool completely in pan on a wire rack. Run knife around edges and tube; invert cake on rack. Place right side up on serving plate.To cut costs, buy dried cranberries in bulk rather than small containers and freeze the unused portion.
like this
Woman's Day
More From Food & Drinks


text:
Lobbyists representing ASIS International, 2012:
Lobbying Firm Hired | Amount | Subsidiary (Lobbied For) | Lobbyist |
Amitay Consulting | $40,000 | ASIS International |
Amitay, Stephen D |
ASIS International | $200,000 | ASIS International |
Lichtenstein, Jack Rubin, Kristin |
*Each quarterly filing is treated as a separate report.
Feel free to distribute or cite this material, but please credit the Center for Responsive Politics. For permission to reprint for commercial uses, such as textbooks, contact the Center: firstname.lastname@example.com


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text: Natalya On Future DivasNatalya held a Q&A on Twitter Thursday night during which she revealed Raquel Diaz (Shaul Marie Guerrero) is the NXT Diva she's most looking forward to watching develop and wrestle in the future. Roddy Piper Pulled From TourRoddy Piper has been pulled from the Caribbean Wrestling Bash tour. The tour is scheduled to run in Arubs September 7th through the 9th. WWE announcer Jerry Lawler and other Legends are also scheduled to be apart of the shows. No official word on why Piper won't be going. |


text:
John Duvengar is an illustrator from Paris, whose illustrations show a deep understanding of form and style. A master of shape and style, Duvengar is capable of simple, minimal vector-style illustrations, as well as more complicated, intricate pieces, reminiscent of poster art. Wonderful work from this French freelancer.
Character Sketch – John Duvengar
Posted by collect3d, May 4th, 2010


text:
Soren Thygesen has shaped the Marmitta roaster with his experienced hands in a modern and sensuous expression. The form's reflection between top and bottom effectively encapsulates the content, seals in the heat and lets your imagination run free.
- Packaging: Graphic Gift box
- Item usually ships in 1-2 business day
- Stoneware
- Care instructions: Oven, dishwasher, freezer and microwave oven safe
- - Max oven temperature: 482F/250C (recommended to put in cold oven to avoid large shifts in temperature)
- - It is recommended not to pour cold water into or place a warm Marmitta directly on a cold surface.
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text: These late winter/early spring storm systems can be very interesting while coming off of a La Nina winter and this current storm system is a prime example of what can happen. One typical feature of the La Nina is ridging in the Eastern Pacific which sends cold air masses down it's eastern side into western and central Canada then into the northern US. We also have a negative NAO leading to a strong Omega blocking ridge over central Canada. A very energetic jet stream flow continues south of all of the blocking over Canada and The Northern Atlantic from over the top of the ridge in The Gulf Of Alaska into California then eastward across the lower 48 exiting off the east coast. This is a very ominous pattern really as there is a very large contrast in temperatures from north to south across this storm track. Our latest storm has one center back in the Ohio Valley with a developing storm farther east over northern VA. These lows are along a very strong boundary between warm and moist air to the south and cold air to the north. The boundary stretches this evening from the mouth of The Chesapeake bay to the secondary north Virginia low then back west to the primary low near Cincinnati. We find temperatures in the 20s with snow over New York State contrasted by temperatures near 80 degrees in North Carolina! This extreme contrast helped to fuel thunderstorms, some of which produced hail and strong winds back through the Upper Ohio Valley into southwest PA earlier where funnel clouds were spotted as well. One tornado ripped the roof off a high school and damaged 10-20 homes in Hempfield 5 miles southwest of Greensburg, PA. This is also southeast of Pittsburgh. Some of this convection is pushing across The Tri-State area at this hour with heavy downpours, sleet, snow and some thunder and lightning. The mixed precipitation should eventually change to just snow by midnight as that warm layer of air up at about 5-6 thousand feet goes below freezing but by that time, the second storm center will be pushing off the coast and precipitation rates will be diminishing. I expect a coating to an inch of snow in the city & LI with a couple of inches near, and around I-80 in NJ. Hudson Valley could also see light additional accumulations. The precipitation should diminish to spotty snow showers a few hours after midnight. Much colder air aloft will come across the region Thursday as the main short wave crosses the area and this will give us the possibility for a rain or snow shower in the morning. As the wave axis exits to the east of our area a colder but dryer northwest surface flow will probably break the clouds for a little sun tomorrow afternoon but highs will run about 10 degrees below where they should be this time of year. This "locked in" blocking pattern insures that our temperatures will stay below normal for several days with the active jet stream running to our south. Friday and most of Saturday will offer some quiet weather with some sun but those beloved below normal temperatures then the next system tracking farther south then our current system will bring us the chance for some more snow Saturday night into Sunday if the moisture gets this far north.


text:
Profile Stats
Recently, as I was sitting at my computer, my attention was drawn to the headline of an advertisement that said "It pays to follow ... more
This parable is a short story of some of my own early memories. I do hope it will encourage someone who may relate to these life ... more
Please join me as I go on a journey into the heart of song and songwriters. I have an interest in the musical giftings of various ... more


text:
I've had issues before with times being off for a day or so but that's usually been a problem with timezones. Now my dates are off for more than a week.
I have a Date of Birth date popup as a user field. I am displaying it as Time Ago with granularity set to 1 so it shows only the full years.
Currently for example a user has a DOB of 2/2/1982 so is in reality 30 years old. However it displays the person as 31 years old. I changed the dates and going as far as 4/2/1982 (I'm using dd/mm/yyyy btw.) it displays 31 years but 5/2/1982 and later it shows correctly as 30 years.
I'm a bit lost in trying to figure out where the problem lies. Could someone test this so we at least know if it's a general bug or just something strange on my setup? Thanks!
Issue summary: | View changes |
I have seen behaviour also, and I am almost certain that this is because "time ago" doesn't take account of leap years.
If I know where to look, I might try to solve this. Where is the code that calculates and/or formats the "time ago"?


text:
UFOs aren't extraterrestrial -- They're extradimensional. |
From the book How to Contact Space People by Ted OwensClick here for Table of Contents CHAPTER EIGHTTHE PENINSULA MONSTERAt this point I submit the eeriest, weirdest UFO prediction I have made yet (and remember, if the UFOs did not tell me themselves, how else would I know when, or where they would appear, or what they were going to do?). In a letter to George Clark and contacts, July 11, 1966, I wrote some predictions, then added: The Si's are near this area, and are about to make a move that will bring them to public notice again, just in case people are forgetting them. Something startling. They are getting restless because I am not getting anywhere with the U.S. Government. How right I was (of course I was, the Si's had told me to write that). Front Page, The Morning News, Erie, Pa., August 1, 1966: UFO SIGHTED ON PENINSULA, GIRL DESCRIBES LANDING An unidentified flying object was sighted on the Peninsula shortly after dusk Sunday night. A Jamestown, N.Y., girl described by Peninsula police as being almost hysterical, near shock, said a craft suddenly appeared in the night sky from the north and landed about 300 yards from the car she was sitting in. She was identified as Betty Jean Klem, 359 Brodhead Ave., Jamestown, N.Y. Peninsula police were taking the statement from her and several friends today. Miss Klem gave the following account to a Morning News reporter: "We were sitting in the car waiting for help. Our car was stuck in the sand. We saw a star move. It got brighter. It would move fast, then dim. You could see it come down. It was metallic. Sort of silvery. It landed between two trees. It came straight down. The car vibrated. I know we saw it. We had taken a walk up in that area earlier. There was nothing between those trees then. All of a sudden it was just there. We could see the lights on the back." (She later described the craft as being mushroom shaped with a narrow base rising up to an oval structure.) The sixteen year old girl was still shaking as she talked to the newsman and police officers. Her eyes were red from crying. Police described her as a pretty sensible young woman. Peninsula Police Chief Dan Dasconio said, "I know what people are going to say, but this girl saw something that scared her badly. This is no joke as far as I'm concerned." The girl said that as she and her boyfriend, Douglas J. Tibbets, eighteen, of Greenhurst, N.Y., watched from the front seat of his car a beam of light came out of the craft and moved along the ground in a straight line. "It lit up the whole woods along its path. It wasn't like a search light. There was light along the ground, along its whole path." She said the light did not waver back and forth like a search light, but continued to extend its beam into the woods. Shortly after the light went into the woods, there occurred the most horrible part of her ordeal, according to the girl. She related that a Peninsula police car approached from behind and pulled up near their stuck vehicle. She said as it did so the beam from the UFO light went out. Her boyfriend jumped from the car and told the officers, "There's something weird going on here." The officer accompanied the youths down the road about 300 yards to a point near where they said the craft had landed. Just as they approached the area the horn sounded in the boy friend's car and they ran back. The girl said there was a "thing right by the car. I don't know what it was. It was bigger than you," she told the newsman. It was about six feet tall. "You would have had to look up to see it." In a very brief sketch that the girl drew of the "Thing" it appeared to have the general shape of an upright, large creature, such as a gorilla, although she maintained it was not any kind of animal that she has ever seen before. She described it as a dark, apparently featureless creature, not human, maybe animal, which moved sluggishly back into the bush after she had leaned on the horn after seeing it. In her interview by the Morning News, she made the following comments: "The ship was big. It came half-way up between these trees." (Officials said the trees are 60 to 70 feet tall). "When it came down and landed, the car vibrated. We had the car radio on. I think it was WICU Radio. No, it didn't make any interference on the radio." (Note: The Si's have explained to me that when they come down to examine a car or vehicle, or a town, they throw out a "web" of power which knocks out electricity, car batteries, radios, etc., so that whatever they are examining cannot escape, or radio or signal by mechanical means for help. Evidently in this case they had reason not to project such a power-web. Owens) Asked if it made any kind of noise, she said, "It sounded like the noise in a telephone receiver, only louder, of course. Then it stopped. When it landed there were no lights on it. Then some lights came on by the back of it. The oval top. The others asked me if I saw it. We just couldn't believe it was really happening." At one point during the interview, she suddenly said, "We heard someone walking on the roof. No, it wasn't stomping. It was more like scratching. We didn't see anything then. We didn't get out of the car. I was a nonbeliever about this space craft business. But I believe now." Things happen fast readers. August 3, two days later, a farmer took a picture of a UFO at New Castle, Pa., which was believed to be the same one seen at Preseque Isle Peninsula, on Aug. 1, by the girl and her friends. Next day, August 2, after the girl and her friends had their encounter, huge claw-prints were found in the sand of a beach nearby. They "were staggered, as if made by a walking creature". Patrolmen said the imprints were five to six feet apart. Later in the day the same imprints were found leading to the water of the lake. Patrolmen were particularly intrigued by the markings on the imprints which appeared to have been made by claws. They said, "It was as if you were to take four fingers and press hard in the sand". Patrolmen were also amazed by the sharpness of the impressions in the soft sand. Scratches and dents were also found on the car the teenagers had been in. So again, readers, the Si's had told me correctly. They were going to do something startling... and they did! |
main page thejinn.net |


text:
Quality Inn
- Continental Breakfast
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Swimming pool
- Wheelchair accessibility
- Business Services
- Free parking
- Swimming pool
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Wheelchair accessibility
- Free parking
- Pets allowed
- Continental Breakfast
- Business Services
TripAdvisor Reviews Quality Inn Georgetown
Travel Blogs from Georgetown
Home, Sweet Home
It only took a few minutes to walk from our airport hotel to our departure gate, for our 720 AM flight. It takes three flights to get from Stockholm to Austin, TX: Stockholm-Munich, Munich-Dulles, and Dulles-Austin. We were scheduled to arrive in Austin around 8 PM.
The first snafu occurred in Munich, when the immigration folks couldn't find a stamp for our entry into the ...
So here we are at Cedar Breaks. What originally was going to be about 20 coaches celebrating the new year turns out to be only about 5. Some people are just now into the cold and now "Cedar Fever".
Anyway, last evening we gathered at Bob & Marilyn's for "Happy Hour" and we sat around the campfire from 4:30 until about 6:30. You know you're getting old when once the sun goes down, you think it's late and time to go to bed. The fire was ...
Lots of love for S-love-nia
I know everyone has been sitting on the edge of their chair waiting for this final blog post! Actually, most of you probably didn't even remember that there should have been one more. Anyway, it was very hard to get something written and posted in Slovenia as we were there for only 5 days and very busy! So after recuperating from major jet lag and procrastinating, I'm ready to share the "storm." ...
Native Texans
... to look too closely at it!
This time was stressful and bittersweet. Saying goodbye to friends, family and coworkers is extremely difficult. I am not very good at it, either. I get emotional and teary-eyed, and since I tend towards ugly-crying, I shy away from public goodbyes and crying in public places. Just know that there were many tears that were shed privately, with only the cat (or the husband) as witness.
New Years Eve
We started the day with a late breakfast, then took a trip to Target, Walmart and then on to the movies. We went to see SAVING MR. BANKS. It was a good movie. When we went in, it was dark and we couldn't see all the other people. Once the movie was over and the lights came up, we noticed the audience was mostly over 60. I guess one reason was it was the matinee and another reason is our age group was the only one who really knew what the movie ...


text:
'There's a new term out there called Pizzled…'
I beg your pardon?
'Dude, it's a whole other scene man, and it's pizzling.'
Meet Shingy. Né David Shing, he is the official Digital Prophet of media company AOL. Problem is, no one can understand what he's saying.
So pizzling is puzzling?
Exactly. Shingy gave a lecture at the Next Web Europe Conference during which he appears to have spouted some of the finest tech gibberish ever. He left the crowd baffled with: "Is 'always on' always good? 'Always on' is important, versus 'always relevant' is more important." At one point, he intoned over a video of a dog driving a car: "It's not even about the way it's shot, it is low-format. It is not even hi-fi. It's just an incredible story."
'If I wear all my wearables, I look like a tribal leader.'
Yes, that brings us to another point. With his wacky hair and zebra-print trousers, Shingy looks like the lovechild of Bill & Ted and hipster icon Nathan Barley.
And what exactly does he do?
He calls himself a "storyteller" . His more prosaic daily role at AOL is to meet clients and advise them on a digital advertising strategy. "
And AOL know he's out in public saying these things?
Having previously been videoed at the SXSW festival riding a wrecking ball in a mock-up of Miley Cyrus's controversial video, he is, according to advertisers, an attention-grabbing asset.
You laugh – he may be the future.
And on that note, he says: "Sound in the future is very, very important." Quite.


text:
For many women, knowing God's five purposes for their lives—worship, fellowship, discipleship, ministry, and evangelism—leads to the natural questions, "What am I doing in the midst of deadlines, diapers, to-do lists, laundry, and daily schedules? What is the connection between my life purposes and the daily existence I am living now?" In these three companion volumes, Katie Brazelton helps women connect the dots between living amidst the details of their lives and living out God's purposes for their lives. She provides road-tested tools that have become the stepping stones for women along the pathway to living in purpose. Pathway to Purpose for Women: Connecting Your To-Do List, Your Passions, and God's Purposes for Your Life How does a woman live through—see through—the ordinary when she yearns for the significant? This how-to guide, filled with true personal stories, provides stepping stones through the challenges of not only discovering your universal purposes, but also discerning your unique purposes in this life. Praying for Purpose for Women: A Prayer Experience That Will Change Your Life Forever Do you want God to tell you more about his specific plan for your life? This 60-day prayer experience will guide you to ask God to mentor you in your life's purposes. Included are insights from modern-day role models, examples of biblical characters, specific questions to ask yourself and to seek God's answers, and an eye-opening analysis of your life patterns and purposes. Conversations on Purpose for Women: Ten Appointments That Will Change Your Life Forever Designed to be used with a Purpose Partner, this workbook is filled with conversation starters, Scripture verses, questions, and specific self-assessment exercises to help you uncover God's Dream for your life, moving you from an initial sneak preview to the most challenging steps you will want to take on your journey toward purpose-filled living. Consumers may purchase Pathway to Purpose or Praying for Purpose independently of the other. Conversations on Purpose should be sold as a companion book to Pathway to Purpose.
Contributor(s) | Katherine Brazelton |
About the Contributor(s) | Katherine Brazelton Katie Brazelton, PhD, MDiv, MA, is the author of the bestselling Pathway to Purpose for Women and its companion books, Praying for Purpose and Conversations on Purpose. The founder of Lie Purpose Coaching Centers International®, she lives in Southern California near her grown children, daughter-in-law, and grandson. |
Publish Date | Dec 23, 2008 |
Weight (lbs) | 0.6200 |
Height | 8.50 |
Width | 5.50 |
Length | 256 |
Length Unit | Pages |
Publisher | Zondervan |
Price | $15.99 |
Format | Paperback |
Language | English |
You may also be interested in the following product(s)
Praying for Purpose for Women
$14.99 -
Character Makeover


text:
Baby Clanton's gown & button bum hat & diaper cover
With plenty of help from my wonderful & most talented Mother I managed to get one of my gowns completed! I love how it turned out, it's sooo soft! I can't wait to snuggle my new baby boy in it. The hat & diaper cover are my 3rd attempt at crocheting & turned out a wee bit crooked but I still love it and can't wait to put him in it for his first pictures with the fabulous Bobbie Brown!!!
my little burst of never ending energy taking a trip back down memory lane in the bouncy gym lol
March 5, 2012 7:44pm03
Eeeiiii! I love the hat and diaper cover! Can hardlly wait to see your sweet baby in those 🙂
Holly Austin permalinkMarch 23, 2012 7:44pm03
It all turned out gorgeous, the gown looks professional 🙂


text:
3:45?!?! Now you are just showing off! LOL All kidding aside, another great walk. Hope you feel improvement every day.
- Miles:
- 1842 total / 0 in 2017
- Goal:
I suffered a broken back(several vertebra) & spinal cord surgery 4/6/12 walking 4 now. Want to start the couch2 5k when doc will let me!
Deb Carter walked: Friday 3:45 am walk
Dailymile makes it easy to keep track of your workouts. Map your routes and share with a community of active people.
- 6 miles
- 01:28 time
- 15:41 pace
- 627 calories
- details
Excellent miles Deb!
almost 5 years ago • Like
Deb are you part vampire?! Great walk hun xx
almost 5 years ago • Like
WOW!! You are an early bird!! Great walk.
almost 5 years ago • Like
Nice early walk again - the hotter it is, the earlier you get up! We are headed your way for a family funeral this weekend. : ( Please turn on the AC before we get there...40 degrees hotter than it is here.
almost 5 years ago • Like
Rose...it's going to be 111(and here today, I have to walk early..LOL
So sorry to hear about the funeral..travel safely!almost 5 years ago • Like
Wow, that is motivation!
almost 5 years ago


text:
Project for pavi87june
- Status Completed
- Budget $90 USD
- Total Bids 1
Project Description
yesterday we discussed about a literature review and we agreed on completing it on thursday i would like to offer you the project !
i will create a mile stone and this will be the account i will be using !
thank you
Get free quotes for a project like thisLooking to make some money?
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CSS - Community sign server
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CSS - Community sign server
19 Aug 2009, 12:47:14 »
As always not sure if thats the right place.
As OFPEC might be interested to help out on the concept, this might be the right place after all.
To avoid addon abuse in Multiplayer one needs to have the
signature system
Currently every addon creator is meant to create his key and sign files to be
used by the players and server admins.
Instead an automated system to create the necessary files and provide them
to the players and admins could make everyone's life much easier.
Addon makers do sign their addons at times.
The process is complicated and annoying.
One mass download and upload source for end users.
No need to mess with the files. Just press dl all/update.
Only need to add this one additional Modfolder with zillion of bisign files on the client.
Basic concept
There is a server or set of server one can send any pbo to.
The upload process would be best to open to anyone. If abuse is a problem, probably restricted ability to a given group of people might be the alternative.
The server automatically looks into his database if the addon was already processed.
If not the server generates a new key file based on the pbo name and signs the pbo with it.
The pbo file is dropped. So this server does NOT act as a pbo download server.
Instead the server ONLY provides the key and sign files.
Now there is a client application to download all sign files in a very simple process. That is all for the client. He only needs to sync with the server before every game session (in which he wants to use addons).
The server administrators have an access to the CSS to easily filter, select and download or sync the key files of their choice with their server.
: Can easily download all sign files for any addon out there (and signed by the CSS). As sign files are very small, there is no problem to download thousands or more of em.
: Admins have a central place to look for key files and easy access.
Addon creator
: There is no longer the need to worry about the sign process. Only needs to submit his work to the CSS for every release.
The CSS server. The server hardware to host the system.
As sign and key files are very small, the download traffic should be minimal.
The upload interface could be a bottleneck and abuse needs to be ruled out.
The sign process is simple, however it needs CPU power. That said the
number of PBOs is limited. So mainly spikes in CPU use, not overall huge load.
Group of people to code the upload interface.
Group of people to code the server admin interface to find, filter, select and
download the key files of choice.
For the client Yoma Addon Sync or Sickboy's git updater are already available.
Group of people to code the backend processing
* filter out already known PBOs via a hash check
* dump the information about known pbos into a DB (hash, name, date, sign and key file)
* interaction to upload interface and admin key file interface
Additional thoughts
Both pbo has and file name could be used to find PBO files at community download sites.
This system does NOT handle the problem of addons needed by a server or mission. This is a separate problem. Tools are in development to allow this.
To be asked first.
Thoughts, feedback and participation in the CSS project is very welcome!
Possible implementation details
Design wise I think it is wise to start simple and still keep possible extensions in mind to a degree.
A very simple client side app could improve the system in the way to create a hash client side and
ask the server if the PBO was already signed.
If not, it could 7z the file before uploading to safe traffic / time. This could replace the web-front-end
For the front-end indeed a simple web system should do the job:
1) Upload one pbo. Select the file located on your HDD.
2) Not sure if possible to do a client side hash generation. The hash in general is to compare if the file
was already uploaded. If not possible to do client side, the upload probably always has to happen.
Or do you have ideas - the name itself isn't sufficient.
3) If not done, generate a hash on the server for the pbo.
4) Compare the generated hash with all hashes, saved in a SQLiteDB / some DB of choice.
5) If already available, drop PBO and notify the uploader about the existing key.
6) The key is named just like the PBO along with a date tag. I think the day itself is enough like:
7) If has is not found, the system calls DSUtils\DSCreateKey.exe creates the key based on the said schema.
8 ) (Might be done later - just to get the idea) Move the created public key in a location accessible
to the common user. A location available via FTP might be the simplest solution.
This part can be extended though. Meaning either HTTP, or a web-front end to search and filter for
available keys.
For the location probably it might be a good to have .\bikey\datetag\myPbo_2009_20_08.bikey
Maybe the datetag folder level is unnecessary though.
9) We now use the created private key to sign the PBO:
Usage: dsSignFile private_key_filename file_to_sign_filename
This creates a bisign file in addition to PBO. Very small that is. Just a few bytes (306).
10) Check if the creation was successful.
Usage: dsCheckSignatures checked_dir keys_dir
So it is wise to have the PBO, its bisign file alone in a temporary folder during this process to avoid
complexity if another PBO is the reason for the app to fail.
If PBO, bisign and public key fit, the app will return nothing. On error it will report a message.
11) If successful (should be always the case unless PBO is corrupt?), drop the private key.
It is no longer needed and only used once to sign this one very PBO.
12) Create a hash for each PBO, sign and public key, put the hash, their filename and maybe more
information in the DB.
13) Depending on the server, drop the PBO or keep it available for download.
End user download probably would be way too huge traffic. It could serve as a master server for
other servers to mirror it though.
This part might be for a second/later phase to expand.
At least an API to get the hash of PBO for the respective key and/or sign file is possible.
This way an addon download server could query this one to get the key and sign file for the PBO.
14) Move the sign file to a folder with date tag, like .\bisign\2009-08-20\myPbo_2009_20_08.bisign.
15) At this point either have six installer or YAS create the file repository they need to deliver the files.
Both tools allow a very simple install and update system for the end user.
As stated the end user should always only download and update all. As the sign files are so small,
there is no problem to even download thousands of these.
The core element is to make the admins job easy to look through the available key files for him
to decide, find the one(s) he wants, and easily transfer them to his pc or maybe even server.
The key files are also very small. xxx bytes.
Last Edit: 20 Aug 2009, 07:38:49 by kju
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