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Carbon tetrachloride induced kidney and lung tissue damages and antioxidant activities of the aqueous rhizome extract of Podophyllum hexandrum
© Ganie et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011
Received: 8 November 2010
Accepted: 28 February 2011
Published: 28 February 2011
The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of aqueous extract of Podophyllum hexandrum. The antioxidant potential of the plant extract under in vitro situations was evaluated by using two separate methods, inhibition of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide radical. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a well known toxicant and exposure to this chemical is known to induce oxidative stress and causes tissue damage by the formation of free radicals.
36 albino rats were divided into six groups of 6 animals each, all animals were allowed food and water ad libitum. Group I (control) was given olive oil, while the rest groups were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of CCl4 (1 ml/kg) as a 50% (v/v) solution in olive oil. Group II received CCl4 only. Group III animals received vitamin E at a concentration of 50 mg/kg body weight and animals of groups IV, V and VI were given extract of Podophyllum hexandrum at concentration dose of 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg body weight. Antioxidant status in both kidney and lung tissues were estimated by determining the activities of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); as well as by determining the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In addition, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity of the extract was also determined.
Results showed that the extract possessed strong superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity comparable to that of known antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). Our results also showed that CCl4 caused a marked increase in TBARS levels whereas GSH, SOD, GR, GPX and GST levels were decreased in kidney and lung tissue homogenates of CCl4 treated rats. Aqueous extract of Podophyllum hexandrum successfully prevented the alterations of these effects in the experimental animals.
Our study demonstrated that the aqueous extract of Podophyllum hexandrum could protect the kidney and lung tissue against CCl4 induced oxidative stress probably by increasing antioxidant defense activities.
Reactive oxygen species, including superoxide radicals (O2 •-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals (OH•) are generated as byproducts of normal metabolism [1, 2]. Cumulative oxidative damage leads to numerous diseases and disorders [3]. The enhanced production of free radicals and oxidative stress can also be induced by a variety of factors such as radiation or exposure to heavy metals and xenobiotics (e.g., carbon tetrachloride) [4]. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication in animals is an experimental model that mimics oxidative stress in many pathophysiological situations [5]. CCl4 intoxication in various studies has demonstrated that CCl4 causes free radical generation in many tissues such as liver, kidney, heart, lung, brain and blood [6]. The toxicity of CCl4 probably depends on formation of the trichloromethyl radical (CCl3 •), which in the presence of oxygen interacts with it to form the more toxic trichloromethyl peroxyl radical (CCl3O2 •) [7]. Studies also showed that various herbal extracts could protect organs against CCl4 induced oxidative stress by altering the levels of increased lipid peroxidation and enhancing the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as enhanced the decreased level of the reduced glutathione (GSH) [8]. In the modern medicine, plants occupy a significant berth as raw materials for some important drug preparations [9]. Podophyllum hexandrum (PH) has been extensively exploited in traditional Ayurvedic system of medicine for treatment of a number of ailments like Condyloma acuminata, Taenia capitis, monocytoid leukemia, Hodgkins disease, non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, cancer of brain, lung, bladder and venereal warts [10]. PH is reported to contain a number of compounds with significant pharmacological properties, e.g. epipodophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxone, 4-methylpodophyllotoxin, aryltetrahydronaphthalene lignans, flavonoids such as quercetin, quercetin-3-glycoside, 4-demethylpodophyllotoxin glycoside, podophyllotoxinglycoside, kaempferol and kaempferol-3-glucoside [11, 12]. In this particular study, protective role of aqueous extract of the Podophyllum hexandrum was evaluated against free radical mediated damages under in vitro and in vivo situations. In vitro assays were carried on superoxide radical scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity. Here, kidney and lung toxicity was induced by administering a single dose of CCl4 into experimental adult male albino rats and radical scavenging activity of the extract was evaluated by measuring the levels of GSH and extent of lipid peroxidation in kidney and lung tissue homogenates and activity of antioxidant enzymes via SOD, GPX, GR and GST. In addition, study on the effect of a known antioxidant, vitamin E, was also included against CCl4 induced kidney and lung oxidative stress. The major aim of the present study was to examine the protective mechanisms of aqueous extract of PH in kidney and lung tissues in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.
Plant material collection and extraction
The rhizome of Podophyllum hexandrum was collected from higher reaches of Aharbal, Shopian, J&K, India in the month of May and June, identified by the Centre of Plant Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, and authenticated by Dr. Irshad Ahmad Nawchoo (Department of Botany) and Akhter Hussain Malik (Curator, Centre for Plant Taxonomy, University of Kashmir). A reference specimen has been retained in the herbarium of the Department of Botany at the University of Kashmir under reference number KASH- bot/Ku/PH- 702- SAG.
The plant material (rhizome) was dried in the shade at 30 ± 2°C. The dried rhizome material was ground into a powder using mortar and pestle and passed through a sieve of 0.3 mm mesh size. The powder obtained was extracted with water using a Soxhlet extractor (60-80°C). The extract was then concentrated with the help of rotary evaporator under reduced pressure and the solid extract was stored in refrigerator for future use.
Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 200-250 g used throughout this study were purchased from the Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu (IIIM). The animals had access to food and water ad libitum. The animals were maintained in a controlled environment under standard conditions of temperature and humidity with an alternating 12 hr light and dark cycle. The animals were maintained in accordance with the guidelines prescribed by the National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research and the study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Kashmir.
Experimental methods
Assessment of superoxide anion radical scavenging property
Superoxide anion radical generated by the Xanthine/Xanthine oxidase system was spectrophotometrically determined by monitoring the product of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) using the method of Jung [13]. A reaction mixture containing 1.0 ml of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 0.04 ml of 0.15% BSA, 0.04 ml of 15.0 mM NBT and various concentrations of plant extract and known antioxidant was incubated at 25°C for 10 min, and the reaction was then started by adding 0.04 ml of 1.5 U/ml Xanthine oxidase and again incubated at 25°C for 20 min. The absorbance of the reaction mixture was measured at 560 nm. Decreased absorbance of the reaction mixture indicates increased superoxide anion radical scavenging activity.
Where A0 was the absorbance of the control and A1 was absorbance in the presence of Podophyllum hexandrum extract/known antioxidant.
Assessment of Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity
Where A0 is the absorbance of the control and A1 is absorbance in the presence of plant extract and known standard.
Dosage and treatment
Rats were divided into six groups each containing six rats. The plant extract was employed at oral doses of 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg-day. The extract was suspended in normal saline such that the final volume of extract at each dose was 1 ml which was fed to rats by gavage.
Group I - Received olive oil vehicle only at 5 ml/kg-day.
Group II - Received CCl4 in olive oil vehicle only.
Group III - Were administered with vitamin E (50 mg/kg-day).
Group IV - Received 20 mg/kg-day extract orally for fifteen days.
Group V - Received 30 mg/kg-day extract orally for fifteen days.
Group VI - Received 50 mg/kg-day orally for fifteen days.
On the thirteenth day, animals from groups II-VI were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 in olive oil vehicle at a dosage of 1 ml/kg bw. The rats were sacrificed 48 hr after CCl4 administration and kidney and lung tissue was isolated out, and post mitochondrial supernatant of both the tissues was prepared.
Preparation of post mitochondrial supernatant (PMS)
Kidney and lung tissue was washed in ice-cold 1.15% KCl and homogenized in a homogenizing buffer (50 mM Tris- HCl, 1.15% KCl pH 7.4) using a Teflon homogenizer. The homogenate was centrifuged at 9,000 g for 20 minutes to remove debris. The supernatant was further centrifuged at 15,000 g for 20 minutes at 4°C to get PMS which was used for various biochemical assays. Protein concentration was estimated by the method of Lowry [15].
Estimation of lipid peroxidation (PMS)
Lipid peroxidation in tissues was estimated by the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) by the method of Nichans and Samuelson [16]. In brief 0.1 ml of tissue homogenate (PMS; Tris- HCl buffer, pH 7.5) was treated with 2 ml of (1:1:1 ratio) TBA-TCA-HCl reagent (0.37% thiobarbituric acid, 0.25 N HCl, and 15% TCA), placed in boiling water bath for 15 min, cooled and centrifuged at room temperature for 10 min. The absorbance of the clear supernatant was measured against reference blank at 535 nm.
Determination of total sulphydryl groups
The acid soluble sulphydryl groups (non protein thiols of which more than 93% is reduced glutathione (GSH) forms a yellow colored complex with DTNB that shows the absorption maximum at 412 nm. The assay procedure will be followed to that of Moren [17]. 500 μl of homogenate precipitated with 100 μl of 25% TCA, will be then subjected to centrifugation at 3000 g for 10 minutes to settle the precipitate. 100 μl of the supernatant obtained shall be added to the test tube containing the 2 ml of 0.6 mM DTNB and 0.9 ml of 0.2 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The yellow color obtained will be measured at 412 nm against the reagent blank which contains 100 μl of 25% TCA in place of the supernatant. Sulphydryl content shall be calculated using the DTNB molar extension coefficient of 13,100.
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX)
GPX activity was assayed using the method of Sharma [18]. The assay mixture consists of 1.49 ml of sodium phosphate buffer (0.1 M pH 7.4), 0.1 ml EDTA (1 mM), 0.1 ml sodium azide (1 mM), 0.1 ml 1 mM GSH, 0.1 ml of NADPH (0.02 mM), 0.01 ml of 1 mM H2O2 and 0.1 ml PMS in a total volume of 2 ml. Oxidation of NADPH was recorded spectrophotometrically at 340 nm and the enzyme activity was calculated as nmoles NADPH oxidized/min/mg of protein, using € of 6.22 × 103 M-1 cm-1.
Glutathione Reductase activity (GR)
GR activity was assayed by the method of Sharma [18]. The assay mixture consisted of 1.6 ml of sodium phosphate buffer (0.1 M pH 7.4), 0.1 ml EDTA (1 mM), 0.1 ml 1 mM oxidized glutathione, 0.1 ml of NADPH (0.02 mM), 0.01 ml of 1 mM H2O2 and 0.1 ml PMS in a total volume of 2 ml. The enzyme activity measured at 340 nm was calculated as nmoles of NADPH oxidized/min/mg of protein using € of 6.22 × 103 M-1 cm-1.
Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity
GST activity was assayed using the method of Haque [19]. The reaction mixture consisted of 1.67 ml sodium phosphate buffer (0.1 M pH 6.5), 0.2 ml of 1 mM GSH, 0.025 ml of 1 mM CDNB and 0.1 ml of PMS in a total volume of 2 ml. The change in absorbance was recorded at 340 nm and the enzyme activity was calculated as nmoles of CDNB conjugates formed/min/mg protein using € of 9.6 × 103 M-1 cm-1.
Super oxide dismutase activity (SOD)
SOD activity was estimated by Beauchamp and Fridovich [20]. The reaction mixture consisted of 0.5 ml of hepatic PMS, 1 ml of 50 mM sodium carbonate, 0.4 ml of 25 μM NBT and 0.2 ml of 0.1 mM EDTA. The reaction was initiated by addition of 0.4 ml of 1 mM hydroxylamine-hydrochloride. The change in absorbance was recorded at 560 nm. The control was simultaneously run without tissue homogenate. Units of SOD activity were expressed as the amount of enzyme required to inhibit the reduction of NBT by 50%.
Statistical analysis
The values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The results were evaluated by using the SPSS (version 12.0) and Origin 6 softwares and evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni t-test. Statistical significance was considered when value of P was < 0.5.
Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity
Effect of Podophyllum hexandrum aqueous extract and known antioxidant (BHT) on superoxide radical scavenging activity.
Concentration (μg/ml) | Aqueous extract of P.H | BHT |
50 (μg/ml) | 17.01 ± 2.08 | 40.30 ± 3.78 |
100 (μg/ml) | 33.62 ± 0.75 | 52.16 ± 2.55 |
150(μg/ml) | 47.19 ± 2.55 | 63.65 ± 2.31 |
200(μg/ml) | 61.44 ± 2.85 | 71.63 ± 2.2 |
250(μg/ml) | 72.74 ± 3.64 | 81.64 ± 1.11 |
300(μg/ml) | 81.64 ± 1.11 | 85.71 ± 1.40 |
Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity
Effect of Podophyllum hexandrum aqueous extract and known antioxidant (BHT) on hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity.
Concentration (μg/ml) | Aqueous extract of P.H | BHT |
50 (μg/ml) | 22.30 ± 1.20 | 30.32 ± 1.14 |
100 (μg/ml) | 32.07 ± 4.27 | 45.86 ± 1.50 |
150(μg/ml) | 43.10 ± 1.15 | 52.12 ± 1.15 |
200(μg/ml) | 53.45 ± 1.57 | 58.64 ± 1.98 |
250(μg/ml) | 62.22 ± 2.75 | 66.66 ± 1.90 |
300(μg/ml) | 67.51 ± 2.02 | 72.17 ± 1.50 |
Effect of aqueous extract on lipid peroxidation in CCl4 treated rats
In order to investigate whether the antioxidant activities of Podophyllum hexandrum are mediated by an increase in antioxidant enzymes, we measured GPx, GR, SOD and GST activities in kidney and lung tissues of rats treated with Podophyllum hexandrum rhizome aqueous extract. In the present study, treatment of rats with Podophyllum hexandrum rhizome aqueous extract significantly increased rat, kidney and lung tissue SOD, GPX, GR and GST activities.
Effect on (GPX activity)
Effect on GR activity
Effect on SOD activity
Effect on GSH level
Effect on GST activity
CCl4 when administrated is distributed and deposited to organs such as the liver, brain, kidney, lung and heart [21]. The reactive metabolite trichloromethyl radical (•CCl3) and trichloromethyl peroxide radical (CCl3O2•) has been formed from the metabolic conversion of CCl4 by cytochrome P-450. As O2 tension rises, a greater fraction of •CCl3 present in the system reacts very rapidly with O2 and more reactive free radicals, like CCl3OO• is generated from •CCl3. These free radicals initiate the peroxidation of membrane poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), cell necrosis, GSH depletion, membrane damage and loss of antioxidant enzyme activity.
In this experimental study we investigated the protective effect of aqueous extract of Podophyllum hexandrum Free radicals e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, from both endogenous and exogenous sources, are implicated in the etiology of several degenerative diseases, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and cancer [22]. High consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with low risk for these diseases, which is attributed to the antioxidant vitamins and other phytochemicals [23, 24]. The extent of initial damage caused by free radicals is further amplified by Fenton reaction generated hydroxyl radicals in the presence of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide [25]. Thus, the redox state and concentration of iron ions in the cellular milieu plays a crucial role in amplification of damage [26] as they interact with membranes to generate alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals, thereby inflicting further damage to the cellular system [27].
Superoxide is biologically important since it can be decomposed to form stronger oxidative species such as singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals, which are very harmful to the cellular components in a biological system [28]. Superoxide radical is generated from O2 by multiple pathways [29, 30]. Using NBT assay system to generate superoxide radical, dose dependent inhibition was observed in the increasing concentration of Podophyllum hexandrum rhizome aqueous extract indicating its potential to possess scavenging properties.
Hydrogen peroxide itself is not very reactive, but it can give highly reactive species •OH radical through Fenton reaction [31]. Earlier reports suggest that H2O2 could induce DNA break in the intact cell and purified DNA [32]. The H2O2-scavenging activity of Podophyllum hexandrum aqueous extract and the standard BHT increased in a dose dependent manner. With comparable results observed at highest concentration. Similar results were reported by Duh [33] for Chrysanthemum morifolium with high relationship between phenolic content and scavenging activity of the aqueous extracts on hydrogen peroxide. As previously reported by Chaudhary et al., that Podophyllum hexandrum possess strong antioxidant activity against superoxide and hydroxyl radical under in vitro conditions [34]. Chawla et al., have also established the antioxidant potential of different extracts of Podophyllum hexandrum[35].
The level of kidney and lung MDA in CCl4 treated group was significantly higher than the control group. The increase in MDA level in both the tissues suggests enhanced peroxidation leading to tissue damage and failure of the antioxidant mechanisms to prevent the production of excessive free radicals. Our previous results have shown that ethanolic extract of Podophyllum hexandrum possess strong hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced damage in albino rats [36]. Similar results were previously reported in kidney by Ogeturk [37] and liver tissues by Yang [38] and Melin [39], which stated that CCl4 metabolized by cytochrome p-450 generates a highly reactive free radical, and initiates lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and causes a chain reaction. These reactive oxygen species can cause oxidative damage in DNA, proteins and lipids. However pretreatment of Podophyllum hexandrum extract in this study significantly prevent CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation in kidney and lung tissue. Our results are in conformation to the already published report by Padma and Setty [40] that administration of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus significantly decreased the carbon tetrachloride induced lipid peroxidation in different organs of rats under in vivo conditions.
GSH as we know is involved in several defense processes against oxidative damage protects cells against free radicals, peroxides and other toxic compounds [41]. Indeed, glutathione depletion increases the sensitivity of cells to various aggressions and also has several metabolic effects. It is widely known that a deficiency of GSH within living organisms can lead to tissue disorder and injury [42]. In our study, the kidney and lung GSH level in CCl4 treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. Likewise we [36] and others, Ohta [43], reported a significant decrease in the GSH content in different organs of rats, when injected with CCl4. Pretreatment however, with Podophyllum hexandrum aqueous extract increased GSH level as compared with CCl4 groups and thus affording protection. The antioxidant effects are likely to be mediated by the restoration of CCl4 induced decreased SOD, GR, GPx and GST activities in various tissues of rats. Treatment of rats with Podophyllum hexandrum aqueous extract significantly increased rat lung and kidney SOD, GR, GST and GPx activities. Tirkey [44] have recently conducted experiments to determine the effect of CCl4 on the renal damages in rats and obtained similar results. All these enzymes are major free radical scavenging enzymes that have shown to be reduced in a number of pathophysiological processes and diseases such as diabetes [45]. Thus, activation of these enzymes by the administration of Podophyllum hexandrum aqueous extract clearly shows that Podophyllum through its free radical scavenging activity could exert a beneficial action against pathophysiological alterations caused by the presence of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals.
Combining all, we could conclude that the aqueous extract of Podophyllum hexandrum exhibits good antioxidant activity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro antioxidant tests proved that the plant possesses components with strong superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity. Study also suggests that the extract also possess potential to protect the kidney and lung tissue against oxidative damages and could be used as an effective protector against CCl4 induced kidney and lung damages. Further works are needed to fully characterize the active principles present in the plant responsible for these functions and elucidate its possible mode of action.
This study was in part funded by National Medicinal Plants Board, Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI, to Dr. M. A Zargar wide grant No. Z18017-187/PR/GO/JK/04/2005-06/NMPB, the assistance is greatly acknowledged. The authors are thankful to Dr. Irshad Ahmad Nawchoo and Akhter Hussain Malik for identifying and authenticating the plant material used during the course of this study.
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- The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/11/17/prepub
Pre-publication history
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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The RSA: meeting 21st century challenges by showcasing ideas, undertaking innovative research and building civic capacity around the world. We encourage public discourse and critical debate by providing platforms for leading experts to share new ideas on contemporary issues, through our public events programme. All of the audio files are recordings of talks in our public events programme.
March 6th, 2014
Episode 159 of 454 episodes
Many people assume that it is much easier to move between social classes today than in the past. But new research by economist Gregory Clark, based on tracking family names across generations, reveals that mobility rates are lower than conventionally estimated, and that inherited advantage remains a deeply entrenched force.
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Caroline Feraday and Claire Bullivant on Brits in Hollywood, and Hollywood through the eyes of Brits.

subset: commoncrawl


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You missed it This great deal for Dancers Studio is over. But don't despair, we've got more great deals every day.
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Want more? Check out Dancers Studio on Facebook.
PAID VALUE EXPIRES ON March 30, 2022
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Intoxicating Minds: How Drugs Work (Maps of the Mind)
By: Ciaran Regan (author)Paperback1 - 2 weeks availability
Why do smokers claim that the first cigarette of the day is the best? What is the biological basis behind some heavy drinkers' belief that the "hair-of-the-dog" method alleviates the effects of a hangover? Why does marijuana seem to affect ones problem-solving capacity? Intoxicating Minds is, in the author's words, "a grand excavation of drug myth." Neither extolling nor condemning drug use, it is a story of scientific and artistic achievement, war and greed, empires and religions, and lessons for the future. Ciaran Regan looks at each class of drugs, describing the historical evolution of their use, explaining how they work within the brain's neurophysiology, and outlining the basic pharmacology of those substances. From a consideration of the effect of stimulants, such as caffeine and nicotine, and the reasons and consequences of their sudden popularity in the seventeenth century, the book moves to a discussion of more modern stimulants, such as cocaine and ecstasy. In addition, Regan explains how we process memory, the nature of thought disorders, and therapies for treating depression and schizophrenia. Regan then considers psychedelic drugs and their perceived mystical properties and traces the history of placebos to ancient civilizations. Finally, Intoxicating Minds considers the physical consequences of our co-evolution with drugs-how they have altered our very being-and offers a glimpse of the brave new world of drug therapies.Create a review
About Author
Ciaran Regan is professor of neuropharmacology at University College in Dublin, Ireland. A fellow of the World Academy of Art and Science, he received the Conway Medal of the Royal Academy of Medicine (Ireland) and the Royal Irish Academy Medal for achievement in pharmacology and toxicology.Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments1. Mists of the Mind2. Matters of Doctrine3. Making the Mind4. Neuronal Discourse5. Nostri Plena Laboris6. An Abyss Yawns7. Making Memories8. The Lost Truth and Its Restitution9. Funhouse Mirrors10. The Pharmacology of the Infinite11. Drug DrivenFurther ReadingsIndexProduct Details
- publication date: 19/08/2005
- Format: Paperback
- Number Of Pages: 176
- weight: 544
Delivery Information
- Saver Delivery: Yes
- 1st Class Delivery: Yes
- Courier Delivery: Yes
- Store Delivery: Yes


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Rumors of 4.7- and 5.5-inch iPhones once seemed unbelievable, but the number of reports piling up are getting hard to ignore.
Reuters has the latest rumor, citing "supply chain sources" who say a 4.7-inch iPhone 6 will begin mass production in May, followed by a 5.5-inch iPhone 6 several months later. For the smaller model, Apple will reportedly use the same in-cell touch panel technology that debuted in 2012's iPhone 5, while the larger model may use a "film sensor," Reuters' sources said.
The new report doesn't give any other details that we haven't heard already. Bloomberg first reported on potential 4.7- and 5.5-inch screen sizes last November, and the Wall Street Journal followed in January, saying new iPhone screen sizes would exceed 4.5 inches. A report last month by the South China Morning Post said a larger iPhone could launch in September, and Japan's Nikkei newspaper had a similar story last week, adding that iPhone 6 production would begin this quarter for a September release date. (It's normal for mass production to begin months ahead of time so Apple can meet demand at launch.)
As my colleague Harry McCracken pointed out in January, all of these stories have failed to address one question: How will the screen resolution and dimensions change? There's been some shady speculation that Apple might leave screen resolution at 1136-by-640 in the 4.7-inch model, but that doesn't make sense, as it would reduce pixel density without adding any clear software benefits. When Apple moved to 4-inch screens with the iPhone 5, the taller screen created room for another row of apps and other information, while leaving the size of icons and other screen elements the same. An even larger iPhone would likely expand the software in similar ways.
Speaking to the Wall Street Journal last month, Apple CEO Tim Cook specifically cited screen resolution as one factor Apple must consider when deciding to make a larger iPhone, along with clarity, contrast and reliability. "What we've said is that until the technology is ready, we don't want to cross that line," said Cook. It sounds like the technology might be ready soon enough.


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Requirements for playing the game:
- USB storage with 16GB (It will be formatted in such a way that it will be unusable for anything but the game, so it would be a waste of space to use something much larger.
- Japanese Wii, or a Wii modified to have the region, online channel, and probably language switched to Japanese. The homebrew channel alone does not cut it because you need access to the Japanese online store as well as being able to start the game from the USB device instead of a disk. This means that you have to remove your account on the Wii Ware channel, which will delete any games you downloaded from it as well. If you have an older Wii model you can use Homebrew with Any Region Changer. If you have a newer Wii Saigan had success with his model LU70 Wii with Mod Mii created by XFlak.
- Internet for your Wii to use. If a VPN is needed, please see my VPN guide.
- (Not required to play, but extremely useful) USB Keyboard. You can probably just take the one from a computer and connect it and be able to use it. A Japanese keyboard is better since pressing Shift-2 won't give you an "@" symbol since that isn't where it is placed on a Japanese keyboard, but all of the Alphabet letters are where you expect them, so normal English can be typed without issue. Pressing "Caps Lock" will allow you to type in English without it getting changed to Japanese. If you buy the slime keyboard you can use that so that the characters on the keyboard match what the game shows on the screen.
- (Not needed) Classic Controller Pro. You can use it if you really feel more comfortable with it, but if you are used to playing Zelda with a Wii Remote, it shouldn't take long to master it on Wii Remote.
The Japanese Wii system has an ambassador program where if you are helped by someone to connect to the internet you and the person who helped you can each get 500 Wii points. To be eligible you have to have connected to the internet for the first time in the last month. If this is the case, PM me and we can exchange Wii friend codes and I will help you through the process. This will give you half off a month of the game.
Starting the game
The game will need to be installed first, and updates will likely also need to be downloaded off the internet. I will give a more detailed description of the process once I have the game. Once the game is loaded you can play the offline part of the game. You should be able to change your name in the online world, but you won't be able to change your gender.
When playing the game offline
Go on an adventure
Make an Adventure Log
Erase an Adventure Log
Return the the Title
The online start window looks almost exactly the same as the offline one.
Last three commands are:
Buy a ticket to play the game
When you are having problems
Log out.
This is the main menu in game
Talk Spell
Item Battle Records
Equipment Search
Strength (Translated as Attributes in DQ9) Strategies (Translated as Misc. in DQ9)
If someone invites you to join their party or be their friend a new command will temporarily show up on top allowing you to respond to their invitation.
Battle Menu Offline
Strategy (Also translated as Misc. in DQ9)
Battle Menu Online
The new command in the middle is Skill.
Here are some statuses
If you hold down B for a few seconds the "Common Sayings" menu comes up so that you can easily say something (rather than type it). They are also paired with gestures (which you can change). If you just memorize these sayings you can communicate with Japanese people without seeming odd.
This is the first page of common sayings.
Do your best!
You're welcome
Nice to make your acquaintance! (Use this one when you or someone else joins a party)
Great work (Though it is a saying you only say at the end of playing)
I'm sorry
OK to go?
I will try and add more to the translation guide for the main commands latter. Still need to add the manner guide. Especially when using a VPN it is extremely important that we are courteous and well behaved so that we aren't viewed as a danger to the friendly community atmosphere that the game aims for. One persons mistake could also lead to the IP getting banned, so you are putting others at risk as well. Main things are saying thank you when someone cheers you on or heals you.
Edited by Mimas, 01 August 2012 - 11:16 PM.


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DickensDickens was a landmark biography when first published in 1990. This specially edited shorter edition takes the reader into the life of one of the world's greatest writers. It is published to tie-in with a 3-part BBC-TV series on Dickens with Peter Ackroyd, part drama (based on Ackroyd's Simon Callow play), part documentary, part biography. |
What people are saying - Write a review
User Review - Not Available - Book Verdict"Dickens saw reality as a reflection of his own fiction,'' contends Ackroyd, novelist and biographer of T.S. Eliot ( T.S. Eliot: A Life , LJ 11/15/84) and Ezra Pound ( Ezra Pound , Thames & Hudson ... Read full review
LibraryThing Review
User Review - ostrom - LibraryThingA wonderfully readable biography. Read full review
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
already Bamaby Rudge Beadnell became become began Bentley Bleak House Broadstairs called Camden Town Catherine characters Charles Dickens Chatham child childhood Christmas comic contemporary course Daniel Maclise David Copperfield death described Dickens family Dickens's difficult dinner Dombey Dorrit doubt everything fact Fagin Fanny father fiction fields figure filled find finished first five floor Forster friends humour idea imagination john Dickens kind knew later letter Little Dorrit London look Macready Macrone Martin Chuzzlewit Mary Hogarth memory months mother narrative never Nicholas Nickleby night novel novelist occasions office Old Curiosity Shop Oliver Twist once perhaps period Pickwick Papers play poor prison reflection remembered Richard Bentley scenes seems seen sense significant sister sketches social specifically speech spirit stage story Street suggests theatre theatrical things told took walk wanted writing wrote young Dickens


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Morgan Named 2014 Volz Scholarship RecipientOHS senior Tanner Morgan was named th... |
Oakdale High School senior Tanner Morgan had been to the Principal's office before. He usually talked to Principal Mike Moore about leadership events, since Morgan is the Student Body President for the second year in a row.
** Subscribers Log in to read this full article.


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Download Free Salient WordPress Theme v.7.5.01 – ThemeForest | Salient v7.5.01 – Responsive Multi-Purpose Theme (Updated 4th August 2016) is a latest version of WP Creative Template having extremely advanced features. The new version of this web-design is build using advanced light weight coding. Many premium plugins have been included in this pack such as Easy Shortcode Generator, Premium Exclusive Slider, Video Tutorial Series, Drag and Drop Builder, Retina Ready and much more.
Note: We want to improve our website's performance and usability so that you could really get a great benefit from our website. Just more one thing is that We publish all content only for testing purpose not for commercial use, so if you have money then we strongly recommend you to buy the require plugin/theme etc from original developer's website. Use any theme OR plugin on your own risk!
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Fixed parallax portfolio to work with AJAX transitionFixed portfolio custom thumbnail to use https if ssl is usedFixed tweenmax error on particle page headerFixed recent projects element to allow prettyphoto description if setFixed boxed issue where page header with no BG causes content to be squeezed to the rightFixed row gradient Bottom to Top overlayUpdated VC to current version to ensure WP 4.5 compatibility
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ERIC Number: ED395774
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 1995
Pages: 147
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: N/A
National Conference on the Educational Applications of Geographic Information Systems (EdGIS): Conference Report (1st, Washington, D.C., January 27-29, 1994).
Barstow, Daniel, Ed.; And Others
The goals of the Educational Applications of Geographic Information Systems (EdGIS) Conference were to: showcase current applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and other mapping software in pre-college education; develop a better understanding of the current state of the art in both GIS software and related curriculum development; prepare recommendations for further research and development in GIS; and promote public awareness and support for the educational uses of mapping software. Presentations include: (1) "An Introduction to GIS in Education" (Daniel Barstow); (2) "The Charge from the National Science Foundation" (Gerhard Salinger); (3) "Welcome from the National Geographic Society" (George Peterson); (4) "GIS in Education: A Vision for the Future" (Barbara Buttenfield); (5) "Student as Scientist in the Global Laboratory" (Robert Tinker); (6) "GIS State of the Art" (Michael Goodchild); (7) "National Science Education Standards" (Angelo Collins); (8) "National Geography Education Standards" (Sarah Bednarz); (9) "Cognitive Apprenticeship and GIS" (Robert Lima); (10) "Educational Applications of GIS: A Developmental Psychologist's Perspective" (Lynn Liben); (11) "A Convergence of Themes in Educational Reform" (Richard Audet); (12) "NCGIA Secondary Education Project" (Stephen Palladino); (13) "GIS in a Geosciences Curriculum" (Kathryn Keranen); (14) "Urban Environmental Education in Detroit" (Randall Raymond); (15) "National Student Weather Network" (Donald La Salle); (16) "GIS and Environmental Education" (Reinhold Friebertshauser); (17) "Monarch Butterfly Migration Student Investigations" (Steve Case and Brad Williamson); (18) "Exploring Student Problem-Solving Strategies with GIS" (Richard Audet); (19) "ESRI's Educational Initiatives" (Charlie Fitzpatrick); (20) "Kids, Satellites, and Ground Truth" (Barrett Rock); (21) "GeoSphere Project" (Tom Van Sant); (22) "Satellite and Surface-based Observations of Atmospheric Aerosols" (Rudolf Husar); (23) "ESRI Arc View" (Charlie Fitzpatrick); (24) "IDRISI" (John Auble and Michele Fulk); (25) "GEOSCOPE: The Encyclopedia of Planetary Changes" (Luc Michaud); (26) "GAIA Software" (Suzanne Meyer); (27) "Alice Network Software" (Alan Feldman); (28) "Accu-Weather Forecaster" (Daniel Barstow); (29) "National Geographic Kids Network" (Monica Bradsher); (30) "EOSAT: Remote Sensing and GIS" (Anthony Shupin); and (31) "SimCity 2000" (Daniel Barstow). Editorials from the participants include: (1) "Reflections on the EdGIS Conference" (Charlie Fitzpatrick); (2) "Issues in GIS in Education" (Terry Woronov); (3) "Enhancing Environmental Education" (Duane Nellis); (4) "Defining GIS-A Note of Caution" (Kay Weller); (5) "New Interface Technologies" (Richard Bolt); (6) "Enhance Educational GIS with Hypermedia and Local Databases" (Derek Thompson); (7) "Editorial on Conference Recommendations" (Richard Audet). Resources listed include organizations, GIS and other mapping software, data sources, and conference participants. (JRH)
Descriptors: Cartography, Computer Uses in Education, Earth Science, Environmental Education, Geography, Geology, Higher Education, Map Skills, Secondary Education
TERC Communications, 2067 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02140.
Publication Type: Collected Works - Proceedings
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA.
Authoring Institution: TERC, Cambridge, MA.


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5829 Kennett Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19807
Dr. Jemail is a systemic and structural family therapist. She also has done work with couples therapy to address marriage and sexual issues. She has extensive clinical experience, published and taught in her fields of expertise. Her style is empathic while effective.
F-52 Omega Drive, Newark, Delaware 19713
Dr Romirowsky treats couples and families, specializing in working with children of divorce, and high conflict families.
Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317
I enjoy working with couples and have done so for 25 years. In the safe, confidential therapy setting both of you will learn to communicate more effectively, understand each other at a deeper level, and learn ways to resolve the conflicts that brought you to therapy.
5 Christy Drive, Suite 102, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317
Fighting can become a habit, and I will help you practice communicating in ways that help break that pattern. I encourage couples to remember that they're on the same team - ie, both likely want what's best for their children but differ as to what each considers best.
Jean Eljay, MS, PhD, CNLP, CH, AdvHC
Certified Advanced Hypnotist and NeuraLinguistic Programmer
Ready for change? Let's Get Started1306 Wilmington Pike, 3rd Floor, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19382
Our approach is to focus on the individual for as long as one partner is out-of-balance, the relationship will not thrive. As a professional hypnosis consultant, each of our sessions focuses on unraveling the emotional cloud that has emptied the well of love and family.
West Chester 19382
One of my specialties is working with couples. then primary approach I use is Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT). Research (and clinical results) on EFT has shown it to be effective in reconnecting 80% of the couples that go through the process. It really works!
119 Coulter Avenue Suite 211, Ardmore, Pennsylvania 19003
When one person in the family hurts, everyone hurts. I provide empathic couples and family therapy to families suffering from addiction. I am privileged to have helped facilitate amazing transformations in many families providing a deeper intimacy and recovery.
Valerie Anne Davis, Mrs
AD Specialst Life Coach Behavior Modification Counselor LLC
Ready for change? Let's Get StartedPhila Upper Darby Springfield Landsdowne Yeadon, Pennsylvania 19151
I help married couples who are facing challenges in there life. I help them to find the keys to a happy marriage. I also accomplish this by means of Christian Counseling or Coaching.
30 South Valley Road, (Suite 211), Paoli, Pennsylvania 19301
Sometimes relationships go off course even in the best of circumstances. I offer counseling for couples and families to learn to function better as a unit with the needs of each individual addressed. Therapy is a great way to keep relationships healthy!
171 W Lancaster Ave, Paoli, Pennsylvania 19301
When you as a couple feel lonely, disconnected, and angry, I love to offer a safe place for you to rediscover the empathy and passion you once felt for each other. I work with an emotion focused approach for you to deepen your attachment and to strengthen your bond.
2047 Locust St., Suite 4, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
Couples (married or not) seek therapy for a variety of reasons. I coach couples through a variety of challenges, including cancer care, chronic disease management, infidelity, infertility, adoption stress, communication and stress management.
Belmont Behavioral Health Hospital, Psychiatric Hospital
Belmont Behavioral Health Hospital
Ready for change? Let's Get Started4200 Monument Rd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131
Couples, Families and Relationships


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Ahmedabad Daily Photo
Ahmedabad City, Third Fastest Growing City Of The World. It's a city with great business opportunities and best positioned to grow rapidly in the coming years. A city of 5569000+ diverse and interesting people.
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
#21 One Rupee Note...Old collection
Back to blogging after long. This is very old one rupee note from Government of India. Got chance to visit Coin Collection Exhibition, will some more images later.
Tuesday, December 14, 2010
Monday, December 13, 2010
Sunday, December 12, 2010
Saturday, December 11, 2010
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Thursday, December 9, 2010
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PUCL Bulletin, August 2001 Dr. Vineeta Gupta facing intensified harassment from governmnt Dr. Vineeta Gupta
is General Secretary of Insaaf International, a Punjab-based human rights
group committed to social justice, where she works on efforts to disclose
the harmful effects of World Bank user fees on health care. Dr. Gupta
is a board member of the Center for Economic Justice and a member of the
World Bank Bonds Boycott International Citizens' committee. |


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Terrell Owens fakes retirement, says he'll come back 'soon'
Without a team after tearing his ACL this offseason, Terrell Owens has not been in the headlines nearly as much in recent months. The lack of attention must be getting to him.
During an odd and somewhat-awkward interview with ESPN's Stephen A. Smith, T.O. -- his family sitting with him -- appeared to be tearing up before telling Smith, "I'm gonna call it quits. I want to retire."
Smith then asked Owens a follow-up question, and the free-agent wide receiver replied, "I wish today was April 1st, you know, because I just got you. I'm not retiring."
Once things got back on track, Owens told Smith that his injured knee is currently at "75 percent" and briefly discussed how he recently traveled overseas to explore using stem-cell therapy to try and expedite the recovery process. Owens spent last season with the Bengals, catching 72 passes in 14 games.
Owens has made 1,078 catches over his 15-year NFL career. But there was speculation that his latest injury would force him to call it quits.
He insisted that's not the case -- eventually -- while talking to Smith.
"I'm gonna come back. I'm going to be ready soon," Owens said, which prompted Smith to start yelling about how "soon" wasn't specific enough.
Owens responded: "A month or less, I'll give you that, a month or less." If his personal diagnosis is accurate, Owens could be an interesting early-November addition for a team in need of a wide receiver -- and right now, there are plenty.


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Do you want to actually look forward to Monday mornings? You can at Workday! We embody the qualities of a great company, offer world-class products and services, listen to our employees, empower creativity and innovation, and celebrate a job well done. Itâs that simple, and has earned us the #1 ranking on two 2012 âBest Places to Workâ surveys (as voted by our own employees).Â
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Industry: | Software |
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Quite some time ago I posted coverage of the DisableLoopbackCheck registry key and how it impacts SharePoint. It's amazing just how often this comes up on the Interwebz. Scarily the common advice given is to turn this feature off. And that's bad advice. In my original post I detailed why. In a nutshell: OK in test/dev, NOT OK in Production. Yesterday my buddy Bob Fox posted a follow up, DisableLoopBackCheck? Let's do it the right way. His post details how to configure a list of names which won't be checked.
This is all good, but what if you have more than one box? Fiddling with the registry is no fun on a single server, never mind ten! Another buddy Gary Lapointe put together a nifty STSADM command to do this. This is also pretty cool, but as an STSADM extension its tied to the SharePoint infrastructure, and it also suffers another problem – it requires local machine administrator rights to work. What we're really after is an automatic way to seamlessly apply the configuration.
So how would we go about doing this "properly" and in an automated fashion? After all it's just a couple registry keys. There are a multitude of approaches (VBS, .REG, Powershell etc) but they are all actions that must be performed on each server or if not have to then be tied to an implementation.
Say we have a Farm of machines and we want to configure them all. Well it's very very simple. We use Group Policy. I'm frequently amazed how few SharePoint administrators understand Group Policy. I often hear the response, "but we're not using Group Policy to manage our SharePoint Servers". I've got news for you, you are. A SharePoint Farm requires a Domain. Therefore your servers are managed by Group Policy! Probably not very well with the default settings mind.
So the answer is Group Policy, great! But how do we do it? Well what we really want is a custom Administrative Template, which provides us with a GUI for managing the settings centrally and applying them automatically (without requiring local admin rights on the SharePoint machines). Something like this would be just the ticket:
The trouble is we can't do this. The BackConnectionHostNames value is Multi-String. And the ADM infrastructure doesn't support Multi-String! You can't hack it so it uses a regular String either. That leaves us with deploying a .REG file at start-up via Group Policy. That's a crap option because it's a start-up script and those are evil, plus managing Multi-String values in a text file isn't fun.
The good news is with Windows 2008 domains we can set Registry Values using Preferences, Windows Settings, but the UI is pretty awful and it's not really the right approach.
What we really want are a couple of lines of PowerShell to configure the policy. And yes, that's all we need! One PowerShell Script and a text file of the names you wish to exclude! That's it!
But first we need an Organizational Unit on which to apply the Group Policy. You should be doing this already, but you can see below I have an OU called SPFarm1, that contains the two machines in that Farm:
Hopefully the picture is becoming clear now why Group Policy is so compelling. I can have multiple farms each within a different OU with different lists of hosts to ignore (along with a whole host of other configuration you may need). Sound like a good idea for your HyperV rig running dozens of test farms? I thought so!
Then we need a Group Policy on that OU. To create this we load up Group Policy Management. Expand the domain until the OU is displayed. Right click the OU and choose Create a GPO in this domain, and Link it here.
Give it a sensible name and click OK. Now we have a group policy to which we can apply configuration.
Great, now we have a Group Policy defined. If we wanted to we could edit the policy here and expand out the Computer Configuration –> Preferences -> Windows Settings -> Registry Node. But it's not very nice and we have to drill down into the keys we are interested in and so on. This UI simply doesn't scale that well.
Thanks to the new PowerShell cmdlets in Windows Server 2008 we can do all that in a single operation. First we need a text file with out host names, one per line. For example:
www.sharepoint.com intranet.sharepoint.com
Save this file as c:\names.txt, then you run the following PowerShell to register the Group Policy cmdlets:
Import-module grouppolicy
This command sets disables Strict Name Checking so you can use a list of names:
Set-GPRegistryValue -Name "SPFarm1" -Key "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\ services\LanmanServer\Parameters" -ValueName "DisableStrictNameChecking" -value 1 -type dword
This command adds the addresses to ignore using the text file we created above:
Set-GPRegistryValue -Name "SPFarm1" -Key "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\ Control\Lsa\MSV1_0" -ValueName "BackConnectionHostNames" -value (Get-Content("c:\\names.txt")) -type multistring
Want the whole thing as a .ps1 script you can run? just collapse them together. Of course the first PowerShell Command is only necessary the once. The second one will update your list of names. As you change your names, just change names.txt and rerun the second command. Then your SharePoint boxes are updated by Group Policy, or you can run gpupdate.exe if you are impatient.
Note: You need to restart the machines on which policy is applied once you have applied DisableStrictNameChecking for the first time.
Simple. Easy. And no disabling of a pretty reasonable security feature. That's platform hygiene, you know it makes sense!
Nice one.
Nice. Will be very helpful in large farms deploy.Taj
Thanks again, Spence. Just changed out everything in my SP2010 farms and used this method across each one (3 farms). I removed the old registry setting but was still able to browse to host headers locally, so it worked very well.
This option is a more graceful way of managing the loopback issue. Great article
Can you explain what the DisableStrictNameChecking setting is used for in this respect? Does it have to do with the fact that you want to set the BackConnectionHostNames using a grouppolicy? We are having multiple urls in the BackConnectionHostNames just addes by using regedit.We don't use the DisableStrictNameChecking and everything works fine. We can log in local from our serverconsole into all sites that we added. I am unable to find an MS Article that proposes the DisableStrictNameChecking when using SharePoint or IIS. The only uses for this setting I can find, have to do with SMB1.0 or SQL server when using CNAMES to access them.
Erik,DisableStrictNameChecking is not required, but a best practice when configuring this to avoid issues with other components such as SQL, file shares etc. Not required for SharePoint, but if one is doing this configuration using GPO it makes sense to set it.


text:
The Belfry
- Meeting rooms/conference facilities
- Adjoining Rooms
- Tennis Court
- Spa
- Suites
- Drycleaning onsite
Photos of The Belfry
- Tennis Court
- Spa
- Heated pool
- Swimming pool
- Indoor pool
- Restaurant
- Fitness/Health center
- Golf Course
- Adjoining Rooms
- Breakfast Available
- Wireless internet connection in room (surcharge)
- Wireless internet connection in room (free)
- Wireless internet connection in public areas
- Non-smoking hotel
- Non-smoking rooms
- High-speed internet in room (surcharge)
- High-speed internet in room
- Free parking
- Family rooms
- Suites
- Drycleaning onsite
- Meeting rooms/conference facilities
- Conference facilities
- Concierge desk
- Banquet room
- Multilingual staff
- Room service
- Laundry facilities (self serve)
- Business Services
- Kids activities or Babysitting
- Laundry
TripAdvisor Reviews The Belfry Wishaw
Travel Blogs from Wishaw
Arrived... the stats
We've arrived. We've done it. Portland, OR, USA to Leicester UK, overland by bus and train as far as practically possible. We feel happy. Here are the interim stats...
42,500+ km
145 days
14 countries between the US and the UK.
60+ towns, cities and hotels.
We're still working on the blog and will continue to post for a few ...
A Series of Peculiar Events
Living in a dorm with no common room really takes a toll on the development of a social life. I decided that I needed to go out and make some friends so I attended the Zoology quiz and bar crawl. I like animals so I thought I would enjoy spending time with people who also like animals. What I didn't know about the event was that we were all supposed to show up in animal costumes. I went in regular clothes and everyone else ...
Meet up in Derbyshire
An easy drive up - 150 miles getting 25-27 MPG from the Disco. After the previous escapades with it, a really nice smooth drive getting just above 50mph allowing for a lower gearing. Gearbox light in just a couple of times on some climbs but after a cruise it went out. Nice flat pitches although used wooden block under sink to correct levelling. Sat as ever took a little ...
Market Harborough and surrounds
... of spaghetti Bol, JaM take a stroll to seek a good vantage spot for the approaching sunset. From the other side of the wind break of privet hedge raucous laughter could be heard. Unsure as to what sight we would witness beyond, we snuck gingerly through a small passageway to the fields on the other side, where we were amused to meet a man standing alone laughing in a field of wheat. The source of his mirth was not apparent though he was ...
... t to be! Watched Nebraska (which I liked) and Hotel Budapest (which I wasn't so keen on, though I was falling asleep most of the time), and an episode of Modern Family, which I've sen before but was still funny. After about 4 hours it was uncomfortable, and now - possibly 9 hours in with 2+ more to go! it's positively painful. ...


text:
805 bytes,
Robert Relyea
Details | Diff | Splinter Review |
413 bytes,
Details | Diff | Splinter Review | |
Details |
(Assignee) | ||
Description•8 years ago
Gecko can work around bug 497251 by building NSS with FREEBL_NO_DEPEND on Linux until Fedora and NSS decide on an ABI for libfreebl3.so. Building with FREEBL_NO_DEPEND means that libfreebl3.so will have the ABI that libcrypt.so.1 expects on Fedora 11. This also includes the ABI provided when NSS is built in the default configuration. Another difference with FREEBL_NO_DEPEND is that libnspr4.so and libnssutil3.so are loaded through dlopen instead of the runtime linker. This functionality is not needed but talos didn't detect any perf issues. Using FREEBL_NO_DEPEND increases the size of libfreebl3.so from 317036 to 321140 bytes.
(Assignee) | ||
Comment 1•8 years ago
Created attachment 397045 [details] [diff] [review] patch As suggested by wtc in bug 497251 comment 59. Try server builds currently here: https://firstname.lastname@example.com/
Comment 2•8 years ago
Created attachment 397057 [details] [diff] [review] patch v1.1 Let's do it. (I added a comment to your patch.)
(Assignee) | ||
Comment 3•8 years ago
Comment on attachment 397057 [details] [diff] [review] patch v1.1 Thanks.
Comment 4•8 years ago
Comment on attachment 397057 [details] [diff] [review] patch v1.1 I pushed this patch to mozilla-central in changeset 1aafaa610c9f: http://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/rev/1aafaa610c9f
Comment 5•8 years ago
Created attachment 397158 [details] [diff] [review] Companion patch (dummy change to security/coreconf/coreconf.dep) We also need to touch security/coreconf/coreconf.dep so that the files in security/nss/lib/freebl will be recompiled with the new FREEBL_NO_DEPEND=1 setting, otherwise we will get a linker error (unresolved symbols). Any change to security/coreconf/coreconf.dep is fine. We usually just delete or add a blank line at the end of the file. This change must accompany the real patch (attachment 397057 [review]) when it is pushed to mozilla-1.9.2 or mozilla-1.9.1.
Comment 6•8 years ago
Comment on attachment 397158 [details] [diff] [review] Companion patch (dummy change to security/coreconf/coreconf.dep) I forgot to mention that I already pushed the companion patch to mozilla-central in changeset d58fbf114c7a: http://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/rev/d58fbf114c7a
Comment 7•8 years ago
Comment on attachment 397057 [details] [diff] [review] patch v1.1 r+ let's go ahead and try this.
Comment 8•8 years ago
> I'd appreciate it if someone experiencing this crash (with Fedora 11) could > test the build linked there, please. Note that the build is based on trunk, > so I suggest either back up your profile or "mkdir ~/tmp/new-profile" and > run with "-profile ~/tmp/new-profile -no-remote". I have attempted to use the firefox provided at your link: https://email@example.com/try-1ba192569f3b-linux.tar.bz2 using the command that you specified: $ ./firefox -profile ~/tmp/new-profile -no-remote This results in the following errors: firefox/firefox-bin: /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory firefox/run-mozilla.sh: line 143: firefox/firefox-bin: Success This is on (a recently installed) 64-bit Fedora 11. $ uname -ioprv 22.214.171.124-217.2.16.fc11.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Aug 24 17:17:40 EDT 2009 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ sha1sum ./firefox ./firefox-bin 9a773299773700205d420333e3b367ca98a76b0e ./firefox 4fe280a4580249cb21a6ce703f21229e98d79f07 ./firefox-bin
(Assignee) | ||
Comment 9•8 years ago
Thanks. (In reply to comment #8) > firefox/firefox-bin: /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or > directory That looks like /lib/ld-linux.so.2 is missing, and that is usually necessary for running 32-bit executables. There is a 64-bit executable in the nightly trunk builds, which now have this change: http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/nightly/latest-trunk/
Comment 10•8 years ago
(In reply to comment #9) > > There is a 64-bit executable in the nightly trunk builds, which now have this > change: > > http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/nightly/latest-trunk/ Thank you. I downloaded the x86_64 .tar.gz. Unfortunately, firefox is still crashing. Note that the newly-built version has (for my setup) the same trait as the released version, namely, some flash content will play without problems, and other content will cause firefox to halt with on an illegal instruction almost immediately (before playing any flash video). Here are the details of the steps I took: 1. Downloaded http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/nightly/latest-trunk/firefox-3.7a1pre.en-US.linux-x86_64.tar.bz2 $ sha1sum firefox-3.7a1pre.en-US.linux-x86_64.tar.bz2 13cb17bef5881031902bd2cfa5e8b29754e3fd51 firefox-3.7a1pre.en-US.linux-x86_64.tar.bz2 2. Extracted contents to a new directory. 3. Copied the 64-bit flash plugin/library 'libflashplayer.so' to the 'firefox/plugins' sub-directory: - http://labs.adobe.com/downloads/flashplayer10.html provides http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flashplayer10/libflashplayer-10.0.32.18.linux-x86_64.so.tar.gz $ sha1sum firefox/plugins/libflashplayer.so 8ec78fc69293eccc6aad3cb6272ba6356a522fe0 firefox/plugins/libflashplayer.so $ ls firefox/plugins/ libflashplayer.so* libnullplugin.so* $ sha1sum firefox/libfreebl3.chk firefox/libfreebl3.so 7eaee510e548a4c2fa2a25ca50bfb121e666aad1 firefox/libfreebl3.chk 39826ad90c6a96344fd6f895f968abcd84fc0dc6 firefox/libfreebl3.so 4. Started 'firefox' with no location/URL specified and selected the location 'about:plugins' to confirm that only the above two plugins were known/loaded. From the 'about:plugins' screen: File: libnullplugin.so Version: 184.108.40.206 File: libflashplayer.so Version: Shockwave Flash 10.0 r32 5. Attempted to play the following content http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32wIKaLkvc4&NR=1 $ ./firefox -profile ~/tmp/new-profile -no-remote http://youtube.com/watch?v=32wIKaLkvc4&NR=1 Content plays without error, both sound and video. 6. Attempted to play the following content http://www.youtube.com/falltvpreview: $ ./firefox -profile ~/tmp/new-profile -no-remote http://youtube.com/falltvpreview nsGREResProperties charsetalias.properties (firefox-bin:4826): Gdk-WARNING **: XID collision, trouble ahead [1]+ Done ./firefox -profile ~/tmp/new-profile -no-remote http://youtube.com/watch?v=32wIKaLkvc4 Illegal instruction $ echo $? 132 For what it is worth, the above behavior is mirrored by the web browsers 'seamonkey', 'galeon', and 'epiphany', that is, all four web browsers successfully play the content at the first URL above and all four halt with the 'Illegal instruction' error on the content at the second URL. (On another computer, Fedora 10 plays the content at both URLs without error in all four web browsers.) $ rpm -q seamonkey galeon epiphany nss-softokn-freebl seamonkey-1.1.17-1.fc11.x86_64 galeon-2.0.7-13.fc11.x86_64 epiphany-2.26.3-3.fc11.x86_64 nss-softokn-freebl-126.96.36.199.3-2.11.4.fc11.x86_64
Comment 11•8 years ago
Created attachment 397418 [details] Assertion failures listed while running firefox-3.5.2-2.fc11.x86_64 under gdb Here is some additional information about the firefox crash while attempting to open/play the content at the URL 'http://www.youtube.com/falltvpreview'. Instead of the custom 'Minefield' version, I had to use the current Fedora 11 firefox version to use the debug information files that Fedora provides.
(Assignee) | ||
Comment 12•8 years ago
idirectscm: The issues that you are seeing seem different from bug 497251. In bug 497251, Mozilla's builds crash with SIGSEGV but Fedora's builds do not have that crash. The issue that you are reporting is a crash with SIGILL that happens event with Fedora's builds. If you can get a stack trace of a crash, then it may be worth filing another bug.
(Assignee) | ||
Comment 13•8 years ago
As expected, we haven't had any of these crash reports on trunk for some time.
Comment 14•8 years ago
(In reply to comment #12) > idirectscm: The issues that you are seeing seem different from bug 497251. > In bug 497251, Mozilla's builds crash with SIGSEGV but Fedora's builds do not > have that crash. The issue that you are reporting is a crash with SIGILL that > happens event with Fedora's builds. If you can get a stack trace of a crash, > then it may be worth filing another bug. OK. Thanks. 1. You are correct that I am seeing a SIGILL (Illegal Instruction) error. I have generated a (large, multi-threaded) stack trace for this and will file it with Fedora's Bugzilla, either with an existing defect report or a new one. 2. It appears that someone else had reported a a SIGSEGV on Fedora 11. Please see https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=505365#c70 if you are interested in details (a large, multi-threaded stack trace).
Comment 15•8 years ago
Comment on attachment 397057 [details] [diff] [review] patch v1.1 Requesting approval1.9.2. This patch fixes a crash in Adobe Flash Player on Fedora 11. This patch has been in mozilla-central since 2009-08-27. This patch builds the NSS library libfreebl3.so in the same way it is built in Fedora 11, so that our libfreebl3.so can replace the system libfreebl3.so on Fedora 11.
Updated•8 years ago
(Assignee) | ||
Comment 16•8 years ago
http://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-1.9.2/rev/4fb8ec9cdfc9 http://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-1.9.2/rev/a9b40e20db76
Comment 17•8 years ago
Using Firefox 3.6.pre builds I don't crash on 32 flash sites, and only crash on one specific flash site using 64 bit firefox + 64 bit flash (separate bug I believe). According to my testing, this bugfix works well. After talking to the NSS team, we'd like to propose this bugfix for the stable Firefox 3.5.x branch.
Comment 18•8 years ago
FYI, https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mozilla_NSS_Conflict Also various explaining comments have been added in bug 497251 and https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=505365
Comment 19•8 years ago
Comment on attachment 397057 [details] [diff] [review] patch v1.1 Requesting approval for stable 1.9.1 branch for Firefox 3.5.x This patch affects ONLY Linux. It enables an additional private interface (in libfreebl3.so) that is accessed by the glibc library. This patch will benefit any distributions (and fix bug 497251) that will use a newer glibc library, requiring this additional interface. (It has also the effect that libfreebl3.so will have fewer link time dependences to other nspr/nss libraries, but that's irrelevant for Mozilla software.) This patch does NOT remove any interface, nor change any interface provided by libfreebl3.so required by Mozilla.
(Assignee) | ||
Comment 20•8 years ago
(In reply to comment #19) > This patch will benefit any distributions (and fix bug 497251) that will use a > newer glibc library, requiring this additional interface. FTR, that is those that build newer glibc with --enable-nss-crypt. http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commitdiff;h=ff886b82a2b65758950bdb4687cf5a1238f697a1
Comment 21•8 years ago
BTW, a TryServer build of Mozilla 1.9.1 with this patch applied is available at: https://firstname.lastname@example.com/ It works for me on Fedora 11 and Ubuntu 9.10
Comment 22•8 years ago
Comment on attachment 397057 [details] [diff] [review] patch v1.1 only a few hours to 220.127.116.11 code-freeze -- if you can squeeze it in then approved for 188.8.131.52, a=dveditz for release-drivers. Otherwise it'll have to wait for 126.96.36.199
Updated•8 years ago
Comment 23•8 years ago
Comment on attachment 397057 [details] [diff] [review] patch v1.1 I pushed this patch and the companion patch to mozilla-1.9.1 in changeset 48a9ca3ec69e: http://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-1.9.1/rev/48a9ca3ec69e
Updated•8 years ago
Updated•6 years ago


text:
Get Flash to see this player.
electro sounds
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craft said 3609 days ago (May 11th, 2007) | |
I like it technish song... Groovy and deep... Very well arranged to a dance floor... You'll a really dance maker Check out my latest song called Valarty & AJ Craft - Burn (Alternative version)
five_extra_arms said 3521 days ago (August 7th, 2007) | |
Getaway I feel like I'm running from the cops and the robots through an industrial park in the future.... no wait, I am the cop and I'm a robot and chasing you! This is really cool. Check out my latest song called Kepler - NASA Challenge
Check out some of my other songs:
More songs in Electropop:


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Tropical Fish Keeping - Aquarium fish care and resources
- Freshwater and Tropical Fish
- - Danios annoying the platys?
Danios annoying the platys? So I currently have 4 platys and I just added 6 gold zebra danios in my 29 gallon. These guys are nuts!! They zip all over the tank, swirl around each other, back and forth, back and forth! :lol: But I notice that they are not only chasing each other, they are chasing the platys. I haven't seen any nipping, they just bump at the platys now and then. Usually they chase for a short burst and then off they go to annoy each other again. Is this normal? Are they being aggressive or is it just danio play? They are cute as can be, but I want to make sure they are not harassing the poor platys!! I also plan on adding a dwarf gourami and a school of corycats in the future, would they be too fast moving for a gourami or corys? Thanks!! |
I would not add a gourami. All species are sedate, quiet water fish and should not be combined with active swimmers. Corys will be OK, a group of 5-6 minimum. As for the effect on the platy, I would monitor this carefully. Platy are fairly quiet fish themselves, and continual harassment from active danio might cause stress. Observing how the platy respond to the danio should help to determine the situation. Byron. |
It is definitely just the way Danios are, they are complete spazzes! They aren't harassing your other fish but simply doing what they do best, being crazy. |
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Recent Posts
Monday, January 7, 2013
New home markdowns at Anthropologie
9 comments:
- The Pink Pagoda said...
LOVE that wallpaper!
- January 7, 2013 at 10:08 AM
- MyFavoriteFrenchAntiques said...
Love Anthropologie, any time..but even better when prices encourage.
Great idea of bold fabric on classic settee. I like it when old and new collide. - January 7, 2013 at 10:27 AM
- yippee said...
Not to mention the Color Blocked Vessel which now comes up $104 without the 15% discount.
- January 7, 2013 at 11:30 AM
- Raina Cox said...
yippee - I know! But I have the worst luck with Anthro sales. They always mark down the best stuff when my money is set aside for other things.
Like this week I'm buying a new cooktop for the kitchen. I'd much rather go buckwild with Anthro pretties. - January 7, 2013 at 1:34 PM
- Kathy said...
Love the Leon ...although it's still not knocked down enough for my wallet :(
- January 7, 2013 at 2:53 PM
- yippee said...
My new cooktop changed my life as it actually cooks rather than just warms the ingredients. Don't despair there will always be a 2d and 3d markdown.
- January 7, 2013 at 3:17 PM
- Raina Cox said...
yippee - That's exactly what I'm dealing with - 2.5 functioning burners. I won't know how to act with 36 inches of working elements.
- January 7, 2013 at 3:31 PM
- Kim@Chattafabulous said...
Ooh, thanks for the tip. Anthro is normally out of my budget!
www.chattafabulous.blogspot.com - January 7, 2013 at 7:10 PM
- Jessie said...
Love the settee! Very classic and modern at the same time!
Jessie - January 8, 2013 at 7:39 AM


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Solicitor Vollmann Opinion--Pueblo of Sandia Boundary
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/2946
View/ Open
Solicitor Vollmann Opinion--Pueblo of Sandia Boundary
Vollmann, Tim
The land at issue is on the outskirts of Albuquerque, New Mexico, and is within the Sandia Mountain Wilderness. The major portion is owned by the United States Forest Service, with approximately 1151.2 acres in private holdings, and the Juan Tabo Recreation Area. The Pueblo has indicated willingness to waive any claim to the existing private inholdings. After thorough review of the matter, we have concluded that the survey appears to accurately depict the description of the boundary as set forth in the patent. However, we have further concluded that the patent does not correctly reflect the boundary provided for by the 1748 Spanish grant, nor by the report of the Surveyor-General of New Mexico which was confirmed by Congress on December 22, 1858. Thus, it is our opinion that the Pueblo has presented a valid claim.
13 p. ; Opinion issued by Solicitor Vollmann regarding the eastern boundary of Sandia Pueblo.
Solicitor Opinions
Indian Land Claims
Sandia Pueblo
Sandia Mountain
Indian Land Claims
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Personal Development Home <-- Mind Development <-- Journal Writing Ideas
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When you know you have answers, ideas and guidance at your finger tips, you'll be empowered to take charge. You'll no longer be a puppet simply reacting to what life brings to you. You'll marvel at the thrill of doing life your way!
AND - We just recently updated the Journaling Book.
As humanity evolves, many people are becoming more aware of the need for new ways of thinking and raising consciousness. With that in mind we have made numerous changes to this 'Journaling for Self Empowerment 'book:
Added 10 new journaling tools for new ways of thinking
An explanation of four common journaling styles
More technology options that apply to your journal writing
A few more images and new formatting for easier readability
More references to your own relative growth as opposed to a more idealistic spiritual approach.
So - how much does it cost to become more calm, clear, creative,
caring, connected and conscious?
The good news is that you get the complete 'Journaling for Self Empowerment' e-book for only $19. But there's even better news!
Higher Awareness is a membership site. You not only get the Journaling e-book, you also get access to EVERYTHING else we offer on the site.
Yes - receive access to over 250 of Higher Awareness's know and grow yourself guidance, workbooks, worksheets and resources for only $19/month! You can cancel at any time.
Honestly, we can say that all of the offerings on Higher Awareness support journal writing. But in particular, in addition to the Journaling for Self Empowerment e-book, as a member, you'll have free access to these additional journal writing resources and more:
Creative Thinking Online Workbook - Find more ways to get what you want. Tap the incredible creative capacity of your mind. One tip alone will triple your creativity. Learn 10 easy lateral thinking and creativity exercises and techniques. Comes with 30 days of support emails.
Smart Question email series - Pick a theme, from Get Control, Tame Emotions, Develop the Mind, Manifest Prosperity, Healthier Relationships, and more, and receive daily smart questions, tips and inspiration, to support your journaling practice.
Journal Writing Resources, Lists and Prompts
Personal Performance Questions - Questions for clarity and balance
Daily mini Re-Treat Yourself Process - Make the most starting and reviewing every day
Weekly Re-Treat Yourself Process - Focus on goals, balance and peace of mind
Monthly Re-Treat Yourself Process - Focus on rejuvenation and staying on purpose
Quarterly/Yearly Re-Treat Yourself Process - Precious solitude to relax and reconnect with your big picture
Click here to join us and receive your 'Journaling for Self-Empowerment' e-book today. Then enjoy browsing the site for other 'Know Yourself & Grow Yourself' resources that serve your needs and goals.
We stand behind our quality. Find value in our products and our service or we will refund your last payment - guaranteed! No questions asked.
So act now and start exploring the magic of journal writing today. Click the link below to invest in this life changing program.
John Robson
Higher Awareness Inc.
Edmonton, AB Canada
P.S. When you master journal writing, you discover you can be your own coach, confidant, therapist, psychic, consultant - all in one. What a blessing to be more self reliant and authentic! Explore this amazing growth tool now by joining us and accessing a wealth of journal writing resources.
"I will write myself into well-being." -- Nancy Mair
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Higher Awareness, Inc.
#108, 11007 Jasper Ave. Edmonton, AB. Canada T5K 0K6
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An Unusually Happy Ending Marine Mammal Stranding Network (MMSN) calls usually involve posting signs to keep the public at a safe distance from live animals or recording information about dead mammals that wash ashore. The volunteer work rarely involves any actual rescue, as Oregon's marine mammal policy is to let nature take its course. However, every once in a while, circumstances change. On June 8, 2012 park rangers at the Nehalem Bay State Park on Manzanita's Beach reported a fur seal entangled in a bundle of rope. MMSN responders Keith Chandler and Tiffany Boothe were able to retrieve the animal and disentangle it. The fur seal quickly made its way back to the ocean.
Both Chandler and Boothe are Aquarium
employees with experience handling marine
mammals. They wore thick gloves and stabilized the animal before attempting to
remove the rope. Marine mammals have sharp teeth and can bite, even if caught
If you see an ill or injured marine mammal stranded on the beach, the best action is to call the Seaside Aquarium, the local responders for the MMSN. They work with local officials to cover the region from Tillamook Bay to the Long Beach Peninsula. |
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