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Cannibalism in invasive, native and biocontrol populations of the harlequin ladybird
© Tayeh et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
Received: 2 August 2013
Accepted: 7 January 2014
Published: 5 February 2014
Cannibalism is widespread in both vertebrates and invertebrates but its extent is variable between and within species. Cannibalism depends on population density and nutritional conditions, and could be beneficial during colonisation of new environments. Empirical studies are needed to determine whether this trait might facilitate invasion of a new area in natural systems. We investigated whether the propensity for cannibalism in H. axyridis differs both between native and invasive populations and between invasive populations from the core and from the front of the invasive area in Western Europe. We also compared the propensity for cannibalism of these natural populations with that of laboratory-reared biocontrol populations. We measured the cannibalism rates of eggs by first instar larvae and adult females at two different individual densities of ladybirds from three types of population (invasive, native and biocontrol), in laboratory-controlled conditions.
Cannibalism was significantly greater in larvae from invasive populations compared to native or biocontrol populations, but there was no difference in cannibalism rates between populations from the core or front of the invaded range. Cannibalism was significantly lower in larvae from biocontrol populations compared to wild (invasive and native) populations. No differences in cannibalism rates of adult females were found between any populations. While high population density significantly increased cannibalism in both larvae and adults, the norm of reaction of cannibalism to individual density did not change significantly during the invasion and/or laboratory rearing processes.
This study is the first to provide evidence for a higher propensity for cannibalism in invasive populations compared to native ones. Our experiments also shed light on the difference in cannibalism evolution with respect to life stages. However, we are still at an early stage in understanding the underlying mechanisms and several different research perspectives are needed to determine whether the higher propensity for cannibalism is a general feature of the invasion process.
Harmonia axyridis Cannibalism Evolution Invasive Native and biocontrol populationsBackground
Cannibalism is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom [1, 2] and probably occurs in almost all major vertebrate and invertebrate groups [3]. It is particularly common in arthropods [4, 5], notably in generalist predators, where it is seen as an extension of their normal predatory behaviour [6]. One common feature of cannibalism in arthropods is that victims are preferentially defenceless life stages such as eggs, young larvae or quiescent pupae [2, 7]. The extent of cannibalism is highly variable between, but also within species [8]. Significant genetic variation in cannibalism rate has been shown within several species (see for instance [1, 9–11]. Moreover, experimental selection studies on the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum have revealed that it is possible to select rapidly for strains displaying different levels of cannibalism [12, 13].
Various factors can be responsible for the evolution of cannibalism rate. On the one hand, cannibalism may provide two clear benefits. First, conspecifics can be a high-quality resource, thus cannibalism may be adaptive due to its nutritional benefit, particularly when resources are limited [2, 14, 15]. Second, it may decrease the intensity of competition [3, 16]. On the other hand, several costs may select against cannibalism, since cannibals risk acquiring pathogens or being injured or killed [3, 17]. Also, the evolution of cannibalism in structured populations may be limited by kin selection, since individuals risk an inclusive fitness cost by eating related individuals [18, 19]. In relation to this, a theoretical study has recently examined how different levels of dispersal affect the evolution of cannibalism and how cannibalism in turn drives the evolution of dispersal [8]. This study showed that the coevolution of cannibalism and dispersal results in the evolution of various alternative life-history strategies, with different dispersal and cannibalism regimes depending on the environmental conditions that determine initial cannibalism rates. For instance, higher dispersal rates increase the propensity for cannibalism by decreasing the relatedness between the cannibals and their prey, but high initial cannibalism rate can also drive the evolution of dispersal [8].
Cannibalism has also been suggested to be helpful in colonizing new environments [20, 21]. It has been shown experimentally in the red flour beetle that cannibalism might facilitate colonization of a marginal environment by rescuing individuals from nutritionally poor situations through increased survival and fecundity and decreased development time [11]. Moreover, higher cannibalism rates have been shown to evolve in populations colonizing nutritionally stressful environments [11, 22]. Via et al. [11] also stressed the need for more empirical work to test whether cannibalism might facilitate invasion of a new area in natural systems. To our knowledge, this question has not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study is to fill this gap by testing differences in cannibalism among various native, invasive and biocontrol populations of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
Native to Asia, H. axyridis was introduced to North America and Europe as a biological control agent against aphids, and later turned invasive. Its rapid worldwide spread followed a complex invasion history involving admixture events and a prominent role of the Eastern North American outbreak [23, 24]. In Europe, there is evidence for admixture between Eastern North American founders and individuals from the European biocontrol laboratory population, used locally to control aphid populations (with a contribution of biocontrol stock genes estimated around 40%) [23]. H. axyridis is an appropriate model for studying cannibalism in the particular context of biological invasion, as well as in that of laboratory-reared biocontrol populations. Firstly, cannibalism appears to play an important role in the population dynamics of H. axyridis[25]. In its native area, field studies indicate that egg cannibalism may be a major mortality factor regulating population densities [26], and account for up to 60% of egg mortality [25, 27]. Although egg cannibalism is most often performed by larvae, adults can also eat conspecific eggs [7, 28, 29]. Cannibalism in H. axyridis has been shown to provide nutritional benefits when other prey are scarce [20], nutrients are deficient, or toxic [30], and to increase survival and reduce development time [20, 30]. Significant genetic variation in cannibalism rate has been demonstrated between individuals within population [20]. Notably, there is a strong genetic basis for the expression of cannibalism in a low food environment, whereas heritability is not significant in a higher food environment [20]. H. axyridis displays cannibalism behaviour on both sibling and non-sibling eggs. In aphidophagous coccinellids, including H. axyridis, sibling egg cannibalism is frequently associated with the presence of bacteria such as Wolbachia and Spiroplasma, which kill males early in their development [31, 32]. Male-killer infected females obtain a substantial indirect fitness benefit from consuming the undeveloped male eggs from within their clutch [33]. Here, we chose to focus on non-sibling egg cannibalism to avoid any confounding effects of male-killer infection. Moreover, larvae are less likely to cannibalize related than non-related eggs [34]. Finally, we found, using the same two population transects used in this study, a marked heritable increase in flight speed of H. axyridis adults from the core to the front of the invasion range in Western Europe (Lombaert E, Estoup A, Joubard B, Facon B, Grégoire JC, Jannin A, Blin A, Thomas G: Rapid evolution of dispersal abilities during the expansion of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis in Europe, submitted). As a theoretical study has recently showed, we could expect that this increase of dispersal may have affected the evolution of cannibalism during the spatial expansion.
The main goal of this study was to investigate whether the propensity for cannibalism in H. axyridis differs both between native and invasive populations and between invasive populations from the core and from the front of the invasive area in Western Europe. We were also interested in assessing possible change in this trait in laboratory-reared biocontrol populations of the same species. Finally, we examined whether the norm of reaction of cannibalism to individual density has shifted during the invasion and/or laboratory rearing processes. To address these issues, we collected ladybirds from three types of population: 1) two populations from the native area, 2) six invasive populations sampled along two transects going from the core to the front of the invaded area in Western Europe and 3) two European biocontrol strains. We assessed cannibalism of eggs by unrelated first instar larvae and adult females of H. axyridis at two different individual densities, in laboratory-controlled conditions.
(a) Spatial expansion in Western Europe
Statistical analyses of cannibalism rates by first instar larvae and adult females of H. axyridis
First instar larvae | Adult females | |||
Analysis | Test statistic | P-value | Test statistic | P-value |
1- Spatial expansion in Europe | F (df) | F (df) | ||
Spatial level | 0.64 (2) | 0.5252 | 0.20 (2) | 0.8173 |
Population (Spatial level) | 0.34 (3) | 0.7914 | 0.15 (3) | 0.9279 |
Density | 14.07 (1) | <0.0002 | 1.19 (1) | <0.042 |
Spatial level × Density | 2.38 (2) | 0.0949 | 0.78 (2) | 0.4556 |
2- Different types of population | ||||
Population type | 17.44 (2) | <0.0001 | 0.19 (2) | 0.8262 |
Population (Population type) | 0.59 (7) | 0.5106 | 0.72 (7) | 0.6482 |
Density | 22.63 (1) | <0.0001 | 4.34 (1) | <0.037 |
Population type × Density | 0.34 (2) | 0.7066 | 0.40 (2) | 0.6706 |
Cannibalism by first instar larvae was globally 43% higher in the high-density treatment compared to the low-density treatment (mean number of eggs consumed per larva in 42 h = 9.39 and 6.55 for high and low density, respectively; P = 0.0002, Table 1 and Figure 1B). Cannibalism by adult females was globally 31% higher in the high-density treatment compared to the low-density treatment (8.24 and 6.28 eggs consumed per female per 42 h for high and low density, respectively; P = 0.04, Table 1 and Figure 2B). We did not find any significant interaction between the individual density and the core, intermediate and front populations (P = 0.09 and P = 0.46 for larvae and adults respectively, Table 1). This means that reaction norms according to individual density did not evolve during the spatial expansion, at least in the studied area.
(b) Native versus invasive versus biocontrol populations
We compared the cannibalism rates among the three types of population (native, invasive and biocontrol). Cannibalism by first instar larvae differed significantly between population types (P = 0.0001, Table 1 and Figure 1C). Larvae from invasive populations displayed a 37% higher cannibalism rate compared to those from native populations (7.78 and 5.69 eggs per larva per 42 h for invasive and native larvae, respectively; P = 0.002, Figure 1C) and displayed twice the cannibalism rate of larvae from the biocontrol populations (3.79 eggs per larva, P = 0.0001, Figure 1C). The native larvae cannibalized 55% more than those from the biocontrol populations (P = 0.05, Figure 1C). There was no significant interaction between population types and density level (P = 0.71, Table 1). In contrast to the results obtained on first instar larvae, cannibalism by adult females did not differ significantly between population types neither alone (P = 0.83, Table 1 and Figure 2C) nor in interaction with density level (P = 0.67, Table 1).
Considering the three types of populations together, we found that higher density significantly increased cannibalism by 41% in first instar larvae (mean number of eggs consumed per larva per 42 h = 8.25 and 5.87 for high and low density, respectively; P = 0.0001, Figure 1D) and by 27% in adult females (7.96 and 6.25 eggs consumed per female per 42 h for high and low density, respectively; P = 0.04, Table 1 and Figure 2D). The factor population identity was again not significant considering the three types of populations (P = 0.51 and P = 0.65 for larvae and adults, respectively; Table 1).
We provide the first evidence that cannibalism behaviour may differ between native and invasive populations of a given species. More specifically, we found that larvae from invasive populations of H. axyridis in Western Europe have a higher propensity for cannibalism than larvae from the native range and from commercial laboratory-reared biocontrol populations. Cannibalism behaviour has been suggested to facilitate the colonization of marginal new environments by rescuing individuals from nutritionally poor situations [11, 21]. An evolutionary increase in cannibalism linked to natural selection in such a nutritionally poor environment has been experimentally demonstrated in laboratory experiments [11, 22]. A possible hypothesis is thus that upon entry into the new environment of the invasive area, H. axyridis larvae may have faced a nutritionally stressful situation (e.g. physiological maladaptation to the new prey, difficulty to find or capture them, or even a lack of temporal synchrony). H. axyridis mostly feeds on tree-dwelling hemipteran insects such as aphids, psyllids, and scale insects. It is known that aphid fauna differ between Asia and Europe [35], with however some species which are common between both areas. Plants, that may be used by HA to find its preys, also differ much between the two areas. Identifying the environmental differences that have selected for the observed change in cannibalism propensity would require additional work on HA foraging behavior in both areas.
Although H. axyridis is a generalist predator, first instar larvae tend to stay on the leaves on which they hatched [36] and their efficiency in capturing prey is very low even on prey encounter [37, 38]. Our results, together with those of Wagner and colleagues [20], who found a higher heritability for larval cannibalism in low food environments as compared to high food environments, support the hypothesis that larval propensity for cannibalism in H. axyridis responds to selection in nutritionally poor situations, Another potential explanation for this higher cannibalism rate in invasive larvae could be linked to the presence of defensive alkaloids produced by predatory ladybirds against intra- and interspecific egg predation. Kajita et al. [39] showed that the amount of alkaloids could vary significantly between egg clutches within and among females in H. axyridis. It could thus be interesting to test whether the amount of alkaloids in eggs of invasive populations is lower than that in native ones and whether this corresponds with the higher cannibalism rate in invasive populations.
We also found that larvae from laboratory-reared biocontrol populations showed a lower propensity for cannibalism than larvae from wild native or invasive populations. This difference may result from the particular conditions of captive rearing. During mass rearing, biocontrol larvae have been fed ad libitum on highly nutritious unnatural prey (E. kuehniella eggs) over numerous generations. Such feeding regimes may have suppressed the selective pressure for cannibalism, which therefore substantially declined. It is also possible that cannibalism has been purposefully counter selected during the mass rearing process, with ladybirds displaying the cannibalism phenotype being discarded from the rearing. Although these selective explanations are attractive, we cannot at present exclude the possibility that the observed shift results from genetic drift, which is also common under laboratory rearing conditions [40], particularly as biocontrol populations are often characterized by low effective population sizes. In agreement with this, substantially lower genetic variation was found at microsatellite markers in biocontrol populations when compared to both native and invasive populations [24]. It has to be noted, however, that captive rearing has already been shown to significantly impact several other traits in biocontrol populations of H. axyridis, including a higher male reproductive success, a lower survival rate at lower temperatures [41] and a lower resistance to pathogens [42–44]. Altogether, it may indicate that adaptation to laboratory rearing conditions involves important reallocation of resources and energy, which is likely to affect other life history components of H. axyridis like fecundity and survival. Interestingly, although Western European invasive populations display a contribution of biocontrol genes estimated around 40% [23, 24], these invasive populations showed a significantly higher propensity for cannibalism than biocontrol populations. This result indicates that the low propensity for cannibalism of biocontrol individuals has not been retained in the field but was rather counter-selected during the genetic introgression process.
Our experiments also shed light on the difference in cannibalism evolution with respect to life stages. In contrast to larvae, invasive adults do not show any significant difference in the propensity for cannibalism compared to native and biocontrol ones. In agreement with our laboratory-based results, most of the descriptions of egg cannibalism in the field involve larvae [25, 28]. Contrary to young larvae, which often stay on leaves on which they hatched [36], adults are able to fly long distances searching for food and may thus suffer much less from local resource scarcity. Moreover, the energetic advantage of cannibalism could be much greater for larvae than for adults.
A further aim of our study was to test whether the level of cannibalism differs between invasive populations from the core and from the front of the invaded area in Western Europe. A theoretical study has shown that higher dispersal rates can increase the probability of cannibalism but also that cannibalism itself can have important evolutionary consequences and select for increased dispersal rates [8]. Our study did not reveal any significant difference in cannibalism rates from the core to the front of the invasion range in either larvae or adults. For adults, the absence of difference along the expanding range might be explained by the same reasons as those detailed previously. For larvae, however, we suggest that the evolutionary increase of cannibalism between native and Western European invasive populations might have eroded the genetic variance at this trait, preventing a further increase in cannibalism rate along the expanding range. This is even more plausible given that Western European invasive populations correspond to a secondary introduction from a previously invaded area in Western USA [45]. This result indicates that cannibalism has not evolved conjointly with dispersal during the expansion of Western Europe. Rather, as it has been theoretically shown [8], the increased cannibalism rate in the invasive area compared to the native one may have helped the rapid increase in dispersal along the expanding range in Western Europe [8].
Finally, individuals often have to face recurrent bottlenecks (i.e. periods of low population density) during the invasion process, both at the time of the introduction and during the spatial expansion [45]. Because a reduced population density found at an expanding front may potentially reduce the selective advantage of cannibalism, one could have predicted a change of the norm of reaction of cannibalism to individual density during the spatial expansion of an invasive area. For both larvae and adults, we detected a higher individual rate of cannibalism at higher densities. This result is congruent with cannibalism rate being higher at higher densities in the majority of taxa [1, 2] and confirms that population density is a key factor in the expression of cannibalism [46]. We did not find however any significant interaction between the density and the tested populations (invasive populations located on the core, intermediate and the front of the expansion). This means that reaction norms according to density did not change during the course of invasion (at the introduction or during the spatial expansion). Interestingly, a similar result was observed for biocontrol populations of H. axyridis, which also endured recurrent and severe bottleneck events during their rearing in the lab.
This study is the first to provide evidence for a higher propensity for cannibalism in natural invasive populations compared to native ones. However, we are still at an early stage in understanding the underlying mechanisms and several research perspectives seem appealing. For instance, since H. axyridis now has a worldwide distribution (Asia, Africa, South America, North America, Europe) [47], the study of cannibalism behaviour in invaded continents other than Europe would allow to determine whether the higher propensity for cannibalism in invasive populations is a general feature of the invasion process at the worldwide scale. In addition, it has been suggested that enhanced cannibalism might be a transient phenomenon in the new environment, with cannibalism rates increasing initially and then declining as physiological adaptation to new prey increases and the nutritional benefits of cannibalism thereby diminish [11, 22]. It would hence be interesting to test whether higher cannibalism rates are maintained in the European invasive populations in the long term.
(a) Sampling of populations and rearing conditions
Sampling details of the ten studied H. axyridis populations
Biogeographic status | Sampling site locality | Sample code | Coordinates | Distance from outbreak core (Km) | Date of first observation |
Invasive | Brussels (Belgium) | X1 | 50.839°N | 0 | 2001 |
Fondettes (France) | X2 | 47.402°N | 469 | 2006 | |
Chizé (France) | X3 | 46.148°N | 629 | 2009 | |
Walhain (Belgium) | Y1 | 50.612°N | 0 | 2001 | |
Quincieux (France) | Y2 | 45.909°N | 522 | 2007 | |
Prade-le-lez (France) | Y3 | 43.698°N | 770 | 2008 | |
Native | Krasnoyarsk (Russia) | Z1 | 56.001°N | N/A | N/A |
Fuchu (Japan) | Z2 | 34.57°N | N/A | N/A | |
Biocontrol | Valbonne (France) | W1 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Westerlo (Belgium) | W2 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
(b) Experimental procedures
For each population, the G3 generation consisted of 200 individuals (100 females and 100 males), which were placed randomly into five boxes (9 cm high, 29 cm length and width) with 20 females and 20 males per box, for ten days to allow for mating. The 200 individuals from these 5 boxes were then distributed between two groups. The first group (60 females and 60 males) was used to produce eggs for the cannibalism experiments. The H. axyridis eggs used in these experiments were collected daily and kept at −20°C for a maximum period of two weeks before use in the cannibalism experiments. We collected 2400 eggs for each population sample (totalling 24000 stored eggs). Individuals of the second group (40 females and 40 males for each population sample) were divided over two boxes and were used to obtain larvae and new adults for the cannibalism tests. To do so, we collected 25–35 egg clutches per population sample. A subsample of the larvae obtained from those eggs was used to test the propensity for larval cannibalism on eggs. The remaining larvae were reared to adulthood in order to test the propensity for cannibalism of adult females.
To measure cannibalism rates, we placed individuals in a small cylindrical box measuring 5 cm diameter and 2.5 cm high. First instar larvae and adult females of each population sample were separated into two groups: low density (one individual per box), and high density (five larvae or three adult females per box). Larvae and adults had never consumed Harmonia eggs prior to being placed in the test arena. In the centre of each box we placed 15H. axyridis eggs per individual on a piece of black paper (i.e. same ratio of eggs to predator in every box). Note that the eggs and the cannibalistic larvae or adults belong to the same population. We recorded the number of eggs eaten after 42 h. (see Additional file 1: Figure S1 for illustration). The duration of 42 hours relied on practical grounds. We needed this period to allow discriminating between the tested populations. Too short a duration may hamper the behavioral differences to express while too long a duration would result in all eggs being eaten in all treatments. Preliminary experiments enabled us to find the most adequate duration.
A total of 950 first instar larvae (24 hours old) were tested with, for each population, n = 75 replicated tests for the high-density treatment and n = 20 tests for the low-density treatment. A total of 650 adult females were tested with, for each population, n = 45 replicated tests for the high-density treatment and n = 20 test for the low-density treatment. All adult females were 10–15 days old and initially fed with Ephestia eggs to standardize their feeding response.
(c) Statistical analysis
All statistical analyses were conducted using the JMP Pro 9 package (SAS Institute 2009). To study the propensity for cannibalism, the number of eggs eaten by individuals for each of the different treatments was compared using ANOVA, as follows. First, we focused on the six (invasive) European populations to test for potential differences in cannibalism rates that might take place during the spatial expansion in Western Europe. The model included the following factors: spatial level (core, intermediate and front, Figure 3), population sample nested in spatial level, density (low or high) as well as the interaction between density and spatial level. Second, we tested for differences in cannibalism rates among the three different types of H. axyridis populations. The model included the following factors: population type (native, invasive and biocontrol), population sample nested in population type, density (low or high) and the interaction between density and population type. Note that the analyses presented here include the six invasive Western European populations, but we obtained the same results when taking two of those populations randomly (results not shown). We performed all analyses separately for first instar larvae and adult females. Data sets for adult females and first instar larvae are provided in additional files 2 and 3, respectively.
We thank Bastien Poutout for technical assistance during laboratory experiments, Virginie Ravigné and Guillaume Laugier for comments and discussion on an earlier draft of the ms, and Cathleen Thomas for help in sample collection. This work was supported by a grant from the Agropolis Fondation (RTRA – Montpellier) to the BIOFIS project 1001–001.
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- Kim H, Lee S, Jang Y: Macroevolutionary patterns in the aphidini aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae): diversification, host association, and biogeographic origins. Plos One. 2011, 6 (9): e24749-10.1371/journal.pone.0024749.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Kawai A: Analysis of the aggregation behavior in the larvae of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to prey colony. Res Populat Ecol. 1976, 18 (1): 123-134. 10.1007/BF02754087.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Brown HD: The behavior of newly hatched coccinellid larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J Entomolog Soc South Afr. 1972, 35: 149-157.Google Scholar
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- Kajita Y, JJ O, JJ S: Intraspecific alkaloid variation in ladybird eggs and its effects on con- and hetero-specific intraguild predators. Oecologia. 2010, 163: 313-322. 10.1007/s00442-009-1551-2.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Fiumera AC, Parker PG, Fuerst PA: Effective population size and maintenance of genetic diversity in captive-bred populations of a Lake Victoria Cichlid. Conserv Biol. 2000, 14 (3): 886-892. 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.97337.x.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Lombaert E, Malausa T, Devred R, Estoup A: Phenotypic variation in invasive and biocontrol populations of the harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis. Biocontrol. 2008, 53 (1): 89-102. 10.1007/s10526-007-9131-z.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Facon B, Crespin L, Loiseau A, Lombaert E, Magro A, Estoup A: Can things get worse when an invasive species hybridizes? The harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis in France as a case study. Evol Appl. 2011, 4 (1): 71-88. 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00134.x.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Tayeh A, Estoup A, Laugier G, Loiseau A, Turgeon J, Toepfer S, Facon B: Evolution in biocontrol strains: insight from the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis. Evol Appl. 2012, 5 (5): 481-488. 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00274.x.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Turgeon J, Tayeh A, Facon B, Lombaert E, De Clercq P, Berkvens N, Lundgren JG, Estoup A: Experimental evidence for the phenotypic impact of admixture between wild and biocontrol Asian ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) involved in the European invasion. J Evol Biol. 2011, 24 (5): 1044-1052. 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02234.x.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Do you want to make Ohio.com your homepage?
XThe official word: On January 28, Warner Bros. Home Entertainment will release the Nicholas Sparks Limited Edition DVD Collection.
Available for the first time in one collection, the giftset features seven films based on the best-selling author's novels, including Safe Haven, The Lucky One, Dear John, Nights in Rodanthe, A Walk to Remember, Message in a Bottle and The Notebook.
Nicholas Sparks is one of the world's most renowned storytellers as well as a social media phenomenon whose books, movies and personal pages combine to make him one of the most popular people on all of Facebook. All 17 of his novels have been New York Times bestsellers, published in more than 50 languages, with more than 90 million copies in print worldwide, including more than 60 million copies in the United States alone.
The Nicholas Sparks Limited Edition DVD Collection, which includes a special postcard set with images from each film and a letter from Nicholas Sparks, will sell for $69.97 SRP

subset: commoncrawl


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Image from consumerist.com
Wednesday, September 14, 2011
What Perfume Smells Like Iowa?
Iowa is hot and humid in the summer. Now, temperatures are just beginning to drop (although it's uncharacteristically cool - highs in the low 60's).
According to my memory, it smells of damp wood, leaves about to turn golden and black soil farmland.
I happen to love it there.
As I pack tonight, I'm a little stumped about what perfumes will truly capture Iowa's essence.
Image from consumerist.com
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A roundup of recent offbeat travel stories.
A wheely bad flight
The 39 passengers on board a UK Flybe flight this week had a scare when one of the aircraft's wheels fell off just after takeoff. Fortunately, the plane made a safe emergency landing at Exeter airport - but not before one passenger took a snap of the missing wheel.
Faking it
A pilot from Indian low-cost carrier IndiGo has lost her licence to fly after landing her plane on its nose wheel in Goa earlier this year, although it's since emerged that she may not have had a valid one anyway. Reports suggest that the woman may have faked papers to get her permit to fly after failing the examination seven times.
Foursquare gives the finger to Rude NYC
Foursquare released research on the world's rudest cities this week, naming Manchester in the United Kingdom top spot - although pretty much the rest of the top 20 belonged to the US (Melbourne in Australia the notable exception in 16th place). More disappointment, then, for the team over at Rude NYC, set up to regain the title of America's rudest city after Travel + Leisure magazine published a similar list in January - New York's Staten Island came only 17th place.
Not-so-domestic disturbance
A man is being held in jail in California after driving for 35 miles (56 km) with his wife clinging to the hood of his car. Reports suggest that the couple had an argument and the woman was clinging to the wiperblade to stop him leaving, only to be driven down the freeway at speeds of up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). Miraculously, she was only treated for hypothermia when the terrifying ordeal ended.
A creepy problem
Mazda recalled 65,000 vehicles this week with a rather unusual warning - there is a risk that spiders could weave webs inside its Mazda 6 sports car. The Japanese automakers said that the webs Yellow Sac spiders weave could cause the tank to leak or catch fire and it was recalling the vehicles as a precaution.


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A perfect autumn day for a corn maize. We're trying to solve the husky puzzle at Gary's Berries in Grantville, Kansas.
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Steals & Deals
On Sale!
Baratza Vario-W Burr Grinder
Take the effort out of espresso, or any other brew method, with the Baratza Vario-W coffee grinder! Designed to reduce your coffee-brewing steps in the morning, the Vario-W offers built-in weight-based dosing and three programmable dose options for multiple brew methods. Adjusting your grind has also never been easier, thanks to the Vario's unique dual-adjust macro and micro stepped dials, which give you over 230 unique grind settings to choose from. Learn More$559.00 -
Rhinowares Hand Coffee Grinder
A bit reminiscent of a pepper grinder (when we first saw this grinder, we immediately started singing Salt n' Pepa songs in our head), the Rhinowares Hand Coffee Grinder is manual grinding at its classiest. The stainless steel housing gives it an attractive and shiny appearance while allowing for easy cleaning, ceramic conical burrs provide a wide range of grinds and the detachable handle - along with carrying bag - make it a great on-the-go option. Learn More$59.99 -
Rancilio Rocky Coffee Grinder
Rancilio. It's the most recognized name in commercial quality espresso machines and grinders. And now, the company has packaged all the professional features and functionality that they're famous for into its latest line of Rocky grinders. The Rocky Coffee Grinder is ideal for the coffee enthusiast looking for better control over grinding. Featuring 50mm burr grinding plates crafted of the finest tempered steel, the Rocky is designed to deliver 55 different types of quality grounds at the press of a button, all without imparting additional heat during the process. Learn More$355.00 -
Nuova Simonelli G60 Grinder - Black
Grind consistency is one of the most overlooked variables in the coffee equation. Bring your espresso game up to par with the Nuova Simonelli G60 Grinder. Prosumer destined from the ground up, the G60 sports 60mm flat burrs, timed dosing and a stepless grind adjust for easy grind touch-ups. Even better, the G60's design details are sure to wow home users: tall feet make it easy to sweep under, a short hopper tops out the height at 16 inches so that it can squeeze under cabinets, and an overbuilt portafilter holder features a rubber coating to protect the chrome-plated brass of your portafilter. Learn MoreRegular Price: $895.00
Rancilio Rocky Doserless Grinder - Open Box
Rancilio. It's the most recognized name in commercial-quality espresso machines and grinders. Featuring 55mm burr grinding plates crafted of the finest tempered steel, the Rocky is designed to deliver 55 different types of quality grounds at the press of a button, all without imparting additional heat during the process. Rocky's large, UV-resistant bean hopper holds more than a half a pound of beans so you won't have to stop mid-grind during a large dinner party for a refill. Learn MoreRegular Price: $355.00
Hario Skerton Coffee Mill
You believe in slow food and slow drip, so why not convert to the church of the hand grind? The Hario Skeleton (Skerton) Coffee Mill may just convince you that coffee was always meant to be slowly and lovingly handcrafted. The ceramic burrs on this mill are durable and worth the investment in your coffee ritual. Learn More$40.00 -
Rancilio Rocky Doser Grinder - Open Box
A home espresso classic, the Rancilio Rocky Doser Grinder offers a tried-and-true design sure to up your coffee game. A beefy motor and full metal housing give the Rocky the solid base it needs to serve you for years of coffee grinding. And with user-replaceable flat burrs, a stepped adjustment system and grind consistency from French press to espresso, the Rocky is a great pick for multiple brew methods. This doser variant of the Rocky offers a great value for those looking to make multiple shots in a row. Learn More -
Baratza Forte AP All Purpose Grinder - Ceramic Burr - Open Box
With it's stylish looks, durable metal components, super-powerful motor and sizable bean hopper it's no wonder why the Forte AP was the Specialty Coffee Association of America's best commercial product in 2013. Seriously, simply cycle through the LED backlit touch screen to program your dosage and you'll see how the Forte takes innovation to a new level. Learn More -
Baratza Sette 270 Grinder - Open Box
The Baratza Sette 270's speed, consistency and repeatability makes it a fantastic contender for an entry-level espresso setup. The Sette's drop-through 40mm conical burrs offer low retention and an unbelievably fast grind time, coupled with an easily drop-out disassembly that makes cleaning a breeze. Time-based dosing and dual stepped and stepless grind adjustments round out the already towering featureset. Learn More


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Chrono Trigger End of Time Travel Poster by TheRetroVideoGamers
Video Game Art Chrono Trigger Digital Art Print by arcadecache
slimu >> http://leafletparade.storenvy.com/#_=_
Chrono Trigger original artwork (Super Famicom, 1995).
Chrono Trigger
Google Image Result for http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20090311222346/chrono/images/1/1e/Chrono_Trigger_Artwork1.jpg
LUCCA!!!!! This is exactly how i imagined you!! With a lot more pixels... (wow, I am talking to a drawing..((wow I am trailing on and on...(((seriously I just keep going, (((( I feel like I am going down a rabbit trail...)))))))))) lol
Chrono Trigger: Fire Rains.. [Chronicles of Time] by LightningArts on DeviantArt
Chrono Trigger - Lucca. Never played it, but it looks pretty cool.
Chrono Trigger I need to finish this game eventually. B/


text: Universal Skid Steer Construction This attachment fits all popular skidsteer loaders including the following manufacturers: Bobcat, Case, Caterpiller, Daewoo, Gehl, Hydra-Mac, JCB, John Deere, Mustang, New Holland, Skat Trak, Swinger, Takeuchi and Thomas.* *Hayes Trading Co is not affiliated with any of the above listed skidsteer manufacturers. All trademarks and copyrights are property of their respective owners. SEE MORE SKID STEER ATTACHMENTS - Low Profile Bucket, Grapple Bucket, Tooth Bucket, Tree Boom, Fork Carriage, Tooth Bars, Quick Attach Plate NOTICE: THIS ATTACHMENT IS CONSTRUCTED FROM PREMIUM QUALITY STEEL THAT IS NOT BRITTLE OR UNYIELDING FOR DURABILITY AND LONG LIFE. DON'T COMPARE OUR PRICE TO CHEAPER CAST IRON PRODUCTS. BACKED BY A FULL ONE YEAR WARRANTY SIZING IF FROM OUTIDE TRACK OR OUTSIDE TIRE. YOUR SKID STEER MEASUREMENTS FROM OUTSIDE TRACK OR TIRE SHOULD BE EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN THE ATTACHMENT YOU ORDER. SKID STEER ATTACHMENT WARRANTY INFORMATION * Warranty claims must be made to Hayes Trading Co in advance of any repairs. * Warranty claims must be approved in writing by Hayes Trading Co. Warranty claims submitted must be documented by photographs showing the reason for the claim. * This warranty does not apply to any attachments that have been abused, improperly applied, improperly installed or modified without authorization from Attachment Sales, Inc. * No returns on custom items, ie. items built for a specific machine or electrical or hydraulic parts. * All returns must be accompanied by a Return Authorization Form, or have a Return Authorization Number. * Prices and specifications are subject to change without notice. You can arrange with your own carrier or send address for a quote. 27W403 Chartwell, Winfield, IL 60190 Incorporated In The State Of Illinois Questions: Call the number above, send an email to or click on "Ask seller a question." Be sure to add us to your favorites list! Summary of My Selling Policies If we make an error in your order, request a return authorization (RA#) from us via email, fax, or phone. We will send you an approval notice for your return. Any merchandise authorized for return must be new, complete, and in saleable condition. A copy of our original invoice and the Return Authorization number (provided by us) must be included. Read my policies on my SquareTrade Seal |


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All discount passes are funded by the generosity of the
Friends of the Bellingham Public Library.
Go directly to the museum pass reservation page.
The page will show you the pass calendar for the next three days.
The Bellingham Public Library offers passes and coupons that provide discounted or free admission to area museums and attractions. We are pleased to offer Bellingham residents the convenience of online self-reservation of these passes and coupons.
Passes are available on a first come/first served basis, with Bellingham residents and members of the Friends of the Library having the ability to reserve the passes in advance. Some passes may be limited to Bellingham residents only. Request for use of a pass will be granted to adult borrowers with a Bellingham Public Library Borrower's Card in good standing. Additionally, a member in good standing of the Friends of the Bellingham Public Library who resides in a town outside of Bellingham may reserve a museum pass if he/she has a C/W MARS library card. Reservations may be made online, in person or by phone by Bellingham residents, if overdue charges on the card are under $10.00. Residents of other towns who are members of the Friends of the Library must call or visit in person to reserve passes.
Some museum passes must be returned on the same day for which it was reserved, either to the Circulation desk if the library is open, or placed in an envelope and dropped in the outside book deposit. An overdue charge of $5.00 per day will be assessed for returnable passes that are not returned by the time the library opens the following library business day.
Overdue charges accrued through late return of museum passes will be charged against the patron's borrowing card and if such overdue charges exceed $10.00, borrowing privileges will be lost until payment of overdue charges is made.
If you are unable to place an online reservation for any reason and would like staff assistance please visit the library or call (508- 966-1660) for assistance.
- You must be a Bellingham resident, 18 years or older, with a library card in good standing.
- You must use your library card to make the online reservation.
- To make a reservation online, you must have a PIN number affiliated with your library card.
(You may set one up by logging onto your library account) - You may book passes up to 60 days in advance.
- Returnable passes (except for one day only coupons) must be returned to the library before the library opens the morning after use, so they are available to other patrons.
- Passes not returned on time (before the library opens) will be assessed a $5.00 per day late fee.
- Reservations for passes that are not picked up by 12 noon on the reserved day may be cancelled.
- Patrons can only have 1 reservation during any 30 day period.
- The Southwicks Zoo pass, due to cost and popularity, is only issued to Bellingham residents and members of the Friends of the Library.
Directions for making an online reservation
Click here to go to the museum pass reservation page.
The page will show you the pass calendar for the next three days. Use the drop downs to change parameters to:
A Specific Pass Attraction
Available Passes
Days Displayed
If there is a specific day you would like to reserve, just click on that date on the calendar.
Click on request pass to reserve
Enter your library barcode number
Enter your pin number
Follow the instructions, until you get a message that states "Your Pass Reservation is Complete."
If you do not receive this message, the reservation is not confirmed.
Remember to enter your email address during the reservation process.
This option will generate a confirmation email to your email account and you can also select to have an email reminder sent to you one, two or seven days before your reservation. (We highly recommend that you request an email reminder to help alleviate the problem of forgetting to cancel reservations of passes that you do not intend to use.)
Canceling your reservation
If you change your mind and will not be using the pass, you can log into the reservation system by clicking on the "My Passes" link (under the calendar) and all of your reservations will show. Click on "Cancel this Reservation." If you are canceling too close to the reservation date, you will see a message that states, "Please call the library to cancel this pass." We would appreciate being notified so that we can offer the pass to other patrons.


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Artist description:
another doodle..
Java Draw Created Aug 07, 2012 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2012 gargy.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
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I love the warm blend of colors. This is very soothing and beautiful :) 5h and collection
Very nice job, especially on the lighting coming from the top :) You enjoy drawing landscapes, don't you? :D


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10 UK Based Actors You Should Work With
Through my work as a director over the past ten years I have come across many, many actors. Even more so, in the past few years, as I've developed my showreels for actors service — I work with acting talent on a daily basis.
There are thousands and thousands of actors. Apparently Casting Call Pro has close to forty thousand members. When you are flooded with this many people, it's hard to find the special ones. I'm going to make it a bit easier for you by bringing ten of my favourite screen actors to your attention.
I've known Debra for a long time. I feel like we've come through the industry together — many successes and many disappointments, culminating in the past few years, where she's had incredible success.
And it's got nothing to do with luck, it's her talent, mixed with perseverance and hard work. Her CV now boasts memorable roles in 'Call The Midwife', 'Fast Freddie, The Widow and Me' and 'Junkhearts'. She's also turned up in 'Eastenders' and 'Doctors' in recent years. Oh and in June 2013 she won monologue slam.
She's the real deal, one of the hardest working actors I know – if you make films or TV shows without her there is probably something wrong with you.
Here's her showreel:
2. Grace Willis.
Grace is another ultra-productive, industrious actor. She brings so many layers to her roles. Just looking at her reel; look at how different she is in the scene with Anna Friel compared to the scene with Ricky Gervais.
On screen she often plays dark, complicated characters, but in real life, she's one of the more positive people you'll meet. I can't wait to see what she does next!
3. Joseph Tregear.
He starred in my film 'Last Christmas' at the end of last year. And the thing about him is that he's so NATURAL!
People take that for granted. I know Joseph doesn't want to be pigeonholed as the 'nice guy' or 'natural', but he's just so darn good at it! It's so hard to find an everyman, someone with that Tom Hanks/Hugh Grant affability. He has it, and he'll be the lead in big feature films sooner than he realises.
Joseph is great at his craft; always on time, always ready with his lines, and always freakishly natural. What more could you want from an actor?
Here's Joseph playing the lead role in my film 'Last Christmas':
4. Hana Minett.
Hana is just plain old FUNNY! Her instincts are incredible. You'll write a scene, and she'll deliver it word for word, but the performance will be entirely different to what she wanted.
Yet it'll be ten times better than what you wanted.
Hire her if you want things to be funny. She can probably do serious too, but for me – it's all about her hilarity.
Here she is in a comedy sketch I wrote and directed a few years back:
I remember being blown away by Claire's work in 'Love, Virtually'. It's strange because you see someone play the lead in a prime time Channel Four show, and you think they're going to be set, forever doing big projects.
But of course, it doesn't work like that. At least not at first, it's a gradual thing.
Claire is an extremely talented actor and she cares so much about the work. She's also a breathtakingly good singer/musician, and I feel like there's a HUGE role for her waiting just around the corner.
Here's Claire's showreel:
I've been working with Will for around eight years. He gets comedy more than anyone I know. He knows where the laugh is. He'll find it in places you never thought to look.
Here's Will:
I wrote about Elizabeth in my recent blog about my upcoming web-series, 'Sally The Life Coach'. I've only known her for about a month — but the two times we've worked together she's been amazing. She gets my dialogue and my directing style; it's effortless to work with her – which is any director's dream! And, despite being an American, her English accent is pretty flawless too!
Simon's awesome. Most often cast as the loveable/geeky guy, he's capable of much more. He's been doing the rounds for years, short films, adverts, and more recently in a few notable feature films, including 'Pulp', which was xBox360's first independent film release.
What I like about Simon is that he's a no-nonsense actor. He turns up on time, he knows his lines, and he delivers exactly what you need.
I met Derek through a friend, who got him in touch with me to shoot an acting showreel. The level of detail and insight he brought to his characters was really something — he's skilled at comedy yet also capable of breaking your heart a little.
I think he has done more stage work than screen, but I'm really hoping that'll change. You should cast Derek because I think he will bring a lot to your productions!
You'll have a blast working with Natalie. Everyone else seems to cast her in serious stuff, but for me, she's a comedic actor!
Natalie is a breath of fresh air, from how she handles herself on set to how she appears on screen.
I know she has a newer reel than this one, but it's not on YouTube – so here's the old one!


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Snivy (Spin Pack Enhanced Set 10 White)
From Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia.
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Snivy (Japanese: ツタージャ Tsutarja) is a Pokémon Battrio puck. It is one of the Special Spin Pucks.
Puck Data
Release information
This puck was available as part of the Spin Pack Enhanced Set 10 White, released on September 29, 2011.
This article is part of Project Arcade, a Bulbapedia project that covers all aspects of Pokémon arcade games. |


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Secondly - how does it work programs selling on commission:When you sign in a reputable consignment programs, get the Linksys and some of your own also provides Bannarat and other advertising media and to streamline the idea I will give an example of this:Let us suppose that you've partnership program of selling on commission's Forum Network Adsense will give you the Link special you are putting in place that you specify in your site and when entering some visitors to your site and draw Antbahmm this ad and visited the advertiser's site (the network) was to purchase the product through the link on you will give you a percentage of the sale price (and usually this ratio fixed and agreed that depending on the site that offers this program) you work as a mediator between the site and stated the final consumer or customerIII - Types of software profitability:
1-Pay Per Sale: and payment is made in this case, when the visitors from your site to buy one of the products the site that you are subscribed to (ie, when they are converted to visitors from your site to customers or consumers)
2-Tiered Commission: In this type of program will be charged on the basis of the extent of his best at work or on the basis of the number of sales made by him during the month of the more high and your performance was achieved as many sales have been increasing the proportion of commission to be paid to you
3-Pay Per Lead: in this case is calculated by the commission on the basis of the number of participants in the advertiser's site on your way IE is calculated by the commission for every person involved in the location of your way, and an example that when you convert one of your visitors to a joint newsletter (Newsletter ) in one of the sites that advertise them. And this method is used a lot of the owners of sites profit from the free companies.
4-Combined Pricing Structure: In this method, some sites provided to the software calculates the sales commission commission in a normal fashion, such as the previous best but adds to it a gift or Kavip (Bonus) to your account in case the first sign that was on your way. And certainly this is one of ways to promote
5-Pay Per Click: in this way commission is calculated on the basis of every visitor goes to the advertiser's site, and certainly is calculated by the second commission also if this visitor has bought one of products. And certainly be a commission for this type on every visitor is less than calculated on each sale
Source: http://100fm6.com/vb/showthread.php?t=28433%20-%20100fm6.com
Best Affiliate Companys
Thanx For Reading


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overeasy is a valid word in this word list. For a definition, see the external dictionary links below.
The word "overeasy" uses 8 letters: A E E O R S V Y.
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Page 5 Archives for July 2006
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 25, 2006 A couple bored programmers decide to wage war on each other and begin Cubicle Wars 2006. From a href="http://www.windwardreports.com/" Windward Reports/a
Posted by jjthe / Jul. 25, 2006 The problem with bullying people is that what goes around comes around. That kid who got slushie gets revenge by giving the main bully a nice little face slam.
Posted by Tullerusk / Jul. 25, 2006 Bullying the weak whiney kid was always a fun time in middle school. Its pretty much an American past time. And the corner stone of that past time? The Slushie.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 26, 2006 I have no clue what the heck this thing is. Some guys found it crawling in their backyard in the city. Anyone?
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 26, 2006 Last weekend I was taping my brother in law push his kid on our swingset. Fifteen seconds before he pushed her too hard causing her to do a back flip and land on her stomach my battery ran out. Anyway, this clip reminded me of what could of been a great video.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 26, 2006 This dude successfully demonstrates on how not to do a wall flip. This dude gets about half way through the flip as he hits the ground head first.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 26, 2006 This had bad idea written all over it from the start. Two sisters sit in the middle of a merry go round and some dude takes the back tire of his motorcycle and spins them.
Posted by mdwstbmx / Jul. 26, 2006 Did you know that the world is ending soon and we're all going to hell? Well this nut job is warning all us evil doers by holding up a sign that says "Heaven or Hell U Choose" outside a local Wall Mart. We should all get together and pull this prank on that douche Fred Phelps and his congregation of lunatics.
Posted by skierkid / Jul. 26, 2006 Professional skate boarder Chris Farmer flawless grinds a huge stair case with 33 kinks. This is mezmorizing, I keep watching it over and over. I love how he acts like its no big deal when its done, what a pro.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 26, 2006 Break Gallery 92!!! From now on instead of doing one huge gallery a week we're gonna start doing 2 smaller ones. We're just getting so many pictures that we hate waiting a whole week to post them. We'll still do an NSFW once a week so dont worry about that!
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 27, 2006 At one time or another we all thought about how cool it would be to have a vanishing license plate. As cool as this thing is to check out I think its a safe bet that its illegal.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 27, 2006 Awesome clip of wrestler David Schultz a.k.a. Dr.D. This video is from 1984 when he slugged John Stossel from 20/20 two times after John asked him if wrestling was fake. John received between $280-450k in an undisclosed lawsuit from the WWF and David was kicked out of wrestling by Vince McMahon for life.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 27, 2006 Pretty cool to watch this demolition of four huge towers. Each tower appears to just disengrate as they hit the ground.
Posted by BMoneyFlex / Jul. 27, 2006 This guy challenges his buddy to a backward arm wrestling contest to prove who is the strongest. All the contest proves is who is the dumbest. His buddy nearly knocks himself out when his friend lets go of his hand.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 27, 2006 I know exactly how the dudes in this video feel. I did my best to get into the World Cup but I gurantee the real Football will be the only Football I ever know.
Posted by afrotimmi / Jul. 27, 2006 I think its a safe bet that the odds of this dude landing this jump are about as good as the Cubs seeing the post season.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 28, 2006 Its obvious that the winds created by a plane would have to be pretty strong. But its amazing to watch what those winds do to a car passing close behind one of them.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 28, 2006 This is an instructional video about practicing safe love. I just thought it was funny to see these 25+ old adults acting like they were actually learning something.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 28, 2006 Paul ONeil a famous horse racing jockey gets frustrated with his horse and headbutts him in front of 1000s of fans.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 28, 2006 In the middle of an on air demonstration of how easy it is to steal a bike, this guy acts pretends to get too close to the saw and cut his hand. The Fox News reporter doesn't find the stunt funny at all and completely loses her cool. What about the children???!!!
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 28, 2006 Gotta give Japanese game show producers credit they are single handedly the most sadistic and hilarious people ever. On this game show contestants have to recite a tongue twister under a certain amount of time or they get slapped in the balls. Brilliant!
Those Japanese always come up with very funny stuff.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 28, 2006 This guy doesnt have a muscle holding his shoulder blades down, so he can move them independently. That is a very creepy skill to have, its right out of the movie Alien.
Posted by bigbadjewdodaddy / Jul. 28, 2006 Two months ago we posted a href="http://www.break.com/index/libraryjerk.html" this video /a of a guy getting caught whacking off at a public library. Well Cleveland reporter Carl Monday shows up at the guy's arraignment to harass him even more. This is just sensational journalism at the expense of this kid's dignity. Nothing else comes out of it, he made a mistake let him move on. Hey Carl, what goes around comes around!
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 28, 2006 This is what happens when you mix beer, bare feet, water and a boat. This may may favorite video of the summer. That guy came so close to getting really hurt.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 29, 2006 Some late night Break hotness. Remember Carmen? Here she is in a hot little black outfit. If you dont know who Carmen is, you missed out big time.
Posted by rekoskum19 / Jul. 29, 2006 I'm pretty sure we posted this or something a lot like it about a year ago but people keep submitting it and requesting that we put it on the main page so here you go. Amazing sand drawings made by hand.
Posted by darkhelmet993 / Jul. 29, 2006 Man this may be the most painful trampoline accident I've ever seen and I've seen them all. Of all the horrible landings you had to choose that one. Good luck bro.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 30, 2006 This Angry German Kid needs a tranquilizer. Here it is the much long overdue translation.
Posted by Break.com Staff / Jul. 30, 2006 I'm not sure what this is all about but it's pretty funny. Is this from a real movie? Anyone know anything about it?
Posted by jjr6300 / Jul. 30, 2006 This mom is just having a bad day. Just when you're trying to do a good thing life slaps you in the face.


text:
functions/addressbook.php - Functions and classes for the addressbook system
Functions require SM_PATH and support of forms.php functions
Class | Description |
AddressBook | This is the main address book class that connect all the backends and provide services to the functions above. |
addressbook_backend | Generic backend that all other backends extend |
Address book sorting options
returns address book sorting order
This function shows the address book sort button.
Documentation generated on Thu, 30 Mar 2017 04:17:20 +0200 by phpDocumentor 1.4.3


text:
Outlook A gambling industry practitioner chides me for being sniffy about his industry. The technology behind these games, he says, has changed exponentially, and is evolving as rapidly, in its own way, as our tablets and smartphones.
You can see his point. Think about the explosion of in-play betting on sports events. Much, if not most, of this is now done on the move and incredibly smoothly.
If you don't invest in new products and a better playing experience, your punters rapidly disappear to your rivals. Analysts say Bwin was the classic example of this. Peel Hunt's Nick Batram says its sluggishness in spotting the move to mobile hit it hard.
He adds the example of 888. It realised that its punters were getting fed up with being taken to the cleaners by pro or semi-pro poker players – known as "sharks" for the way they prey on the small fry. So its tech nerds created algorithms which screened out players with the bigger teeth. Now, instead of losing £100 in a week and quitting in a discouraged huff, the small fry will hopefully hang around for a few weeks and drop £200.
However, if you're looking for a stock-market flutter in online gambling (I refuse to use the sanitised word "gaming"), Bwin offers more potential upside, Mr Batram argues. Partly because it was so huge in the US before Prohibition, partly because it's ready to go with joint deals with bricks and mortar giants like MGM and Boyd casinos. But mainly because, while its peers, 888, Playtech and William Hill have had a storming good year with their share prices, Bwin hasn't.
There are plenty of reasons why. Europe has been a regulatory mess, it's had to scale back in low-margin eastern European countries and the merger that created it has proved – predictably – hard to implement. So, for potential investors, risks abound. That's gambling for you. But, if all the cards fall in its favour in the US, and particularly after its 6 per cent share price fall following yesterday's trading statement, Bwin looks pretty cheap.
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text:
Jeweled Flash
Quite a few contemporary ballets amount to this: enigmatic angst, societal gloom, searching hero, astonishing sex. Mauro Bigonzetti's In Vento, one of seven dances by male choreographers commissioned for the NYCB's 2006 Diamond Project, enters this territory with intelligent gusto. Even if you can't discern what the hell is going on, many passages have a resonance that grabs you by the throatas, for example, when Benjamin Millepied spins and falls and a simultaneous starburst of arabesques flashes in the background, where four couples lurk in dim light.
In Vento could be a sequel to Bigonzetti's Vespro, made for NYCB in 2002. The composer is again Bruno Moretti, and the principal dancers, as before, are Millepied, Maria Kowroski, and Jason Fowler. Millepied gives a stunning performance in solos that have little to do with ballet; balancing on his coccyx as if suspended in barely moving water, curling his torso and wrapping his arms around it, or exploding into the air with scissoring legs, he's both an outsider and a catalystable to unfurl a huddle of people into a chain.
Although Millepied dances briefly with Tiler Peck, the principal duet is for Fowler and Kowroski. Seductively supple and long of leg, they cling together in the sepulchrally gleaming world defined by Mark Stanley's lighting, Bigonzetti's minimal black outfits (with bare chests for the men and bare backs for the women), and Moretti's murmurous score with its deeply buried traces of waltz and mazurka (guest conductor: Paul Hoskins). In tender, intricate ways, they wrap themselves endlessly around each other. In the end, Stanley offers an explosion of white light, and the 11 dancers advance, twisting and wriggling as they did in the beginningas if shucking their skinand offering us what almost might be a bow.
New York City Ballet
New York State Theater
Through June 25
Peter Martins's The Red Violin is a very different work from Bigonzetti's. Clear, precise, stylishly designed, it affirms the classicism that George Balanchine established: a stripped-down yet expanded vision of the 19th-century Russian lexicon of steps. The music, John Corigliano's score for the eponymous film, is full of drama; an odd choice for Martins's plotless inventions, it creates tensions that resolve musically but don't affect the choreography. At one point, there's a great crash from the bass drum and a clatter of sticks; it passes over the dancers like a thunderclap without interrupting their spirited calm.
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Martins has a deft hand with patterns, spinning clever trios and duets out of larger groupings. As the ballet beginswith a shimmer of flute and soloist Kurt Nikkanen's violinfour men enter one by one to prowl the stage, moving into a diagonal to pass Peck along to the last man (Sean Suozzi), who carries her off. The remaining three men move into the opposite diagonal and perform the same operation with Sterling Hyltin and Andrew Veyette. Juxtaposed against the men in plain gray practice clothes, the women, in different-colored short, silky dresses (costumes by Carol Divet), seem to fly along like bright birds. Then Sébastien Marcovici and Amar Ramasar fan out to greet Jennie Somogyi (in cardinal red), who moves courteously back and forth between them. For all the formality, there's a certain human ease to the proceedings. Ramasar is dancing warmly with Sara Mearns when Somogyi arrives; she looks on for a few seconds as if she too would like some support.
One pas de deux for Somogyi and Marcovicia marvelous pairingbegins with him turning her on one pointe so slowly and smoothly than every new position she assumes seems to blossom from the previous one. A lovely sight. I'm not so keen on the way the men drag the women around or on Martins's ending. Each man holds his partner in an arched-back position and stares toward the audience, as if to say, "She's mine!" Please don't manhandle the diamonds!
Christopher Wheeldon's Evenfall, which shared the program of the company's annual Spring Gala with Martins's ballet, is a gray work: gray wings flanking the stage, fluffy gray tutus by Holly Hynes for the women. At times we might think we're seeing a quirky, falling-apart Swan Lake through veils, but something else is operating here. A man and a woman (Damian Woetzel and Miranda Weese) stand embraced for a long time while others dance (twice he slips out of her grasp without disturbing it). When they do separate, the corps intervenes between them. Later bourréeing women exit like a rippling wall. At the end, Weese is reaching toward the corner where Woetzel disappeared; behind her, her entourage gazes in the same direction.
It's a strange balletas full of little excursions from what might seem to be the main thrust as Bartók's late Piano Concerto No. 3 (completed by a pupil after the composer's death). Wheeldon's mastery of classicism and his grasp of counterpoint are beyond question, and he always sets steps from the ballet vocabulary in designs and rhythms that look fresh. But in Evenfall he immediately starts subverting the elegant picture he establishes of six women twisting into poses in immaculate unison. Suddenly they're making odd crooked hand gestures. When the six men carry in six of the 12 corps women, they set them down on the floor in a sitting position and leave.
Oddities multiply as counterpoint builds. Those six women, now standing, bend over and put their hands wide apart on the floor, creating an upside down V. Still later, those who've assumed the same position are used by men as tents to sit under. V's are important in other ways too. The busy cadres who come to dance often flank the center in mirroring slanted lines.
However formal in its patterns, the ensemble seems bound up with this love affair, the pas de deux (occurring both alone on stage and with others present) of concern to all. Certainly there is no "story," no "acting." But something lurks beneath the ballet's surface. Only now has it come to me that this might be the death of the composer.
Weese danced with a lovely amplitude and pliancy, and Woetzel with his usual unaffected clarity. The high-sparkle diamond that flashed at the gala, however, was Wendy Whelan in the pas de deux from William Forsythe's 1992 Diamond Project ballet, Herman Schmerman. Casual, spunky, playful, and looking like a preternaturally wise 12-year-old, Whelan slid and twisted herself through the choreography like silk slipping slowly through a keyhole. Albert Evans matched her with his own more earthy flair.
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He could have had a heart/ lung transplant and be back on the tour by now, sheesh! WTF Robin, how bad could your condition be? The ATP needs your snarly Howitzer type of game and so do we fans!
He's similar to that one dude who retired to chronic fatigue. Sad stuff. But it's OK. Nadal's out by default regardless.
Well judging by his twitter he's having the time of his life... -Getting engaged -Having a child -Touring the world -Looks physically well His last tweet that he'd love to come back on tour this year. But I highly doubt it, well, I'm sure he'll start to practice but he'll weigh up the cost and benefits and realise he hasn't got the passion to compete again. Inevitable end for Robin Soderling.
soderking slaughtered the bull. he was never the same. mission accomplished and soderking can retire with good reputation
this is what I was thinking. Im sure he wants to get back to competing, but once he's back he might not have his heart in it anymore, after all of this off time. Who knows though? I hope he could come back, get near his old form, and stay. He was fun to watch.
Woooooosh. Hear that? That's the sound of my sarcasm going right over your head. I share your opprobrium regarding the concept of 'silent bans'. My posts on the subject are pretty clear.
Possible cover for silent ban. A side benefit of Rafa's obsession with waterbottles is he doesn't accidentally share waterbottles with Ancic or Soderling.
Yeah, 2 years later he decided he's had enough and can die happy after beating Nadal at RG. :lol: Too bad for him he only managed to beat Nadal one more time after that at the WTF the same year where Nadal was a mess. Since then, he's taken a whole 1 set off of Nadal in 3 matches, and owns a losing 2-7 h2h against Nadal. Maybe Soderling is serving a 2 year silent ban. Makes more sense than Nadal serving an 8 month silent ban. Lol.
Soderling probably won't be coming back, it's a shame because he was really talented. Good for the game.
Benefits being the key word there. With a wife and child on the way it would be hard to give up the money that comes with top tennis sponsorship's and prize money.
Yeah soderling didn't really have much success vs Nadal lol. Though if he returned and in his first tournament faced Nadal i would half expect you to pick soderling to win Haha.
mono is transferred primarily via saliva hence "the kissing disease" moniker. However a person with mono can also pass the virus by coughing or sneezing, causing droplets of infected saliva and/or mucus to be suspended in the air which can be inhaled by others. The virus can also be transferred via secretion which might be a factor in Soderling's case. Being in contact with sweaty trainers or even a mono-riddled ball kid handing him a towel. It can also be transferred via food/drink. All the travel and constantly eating out leaves tour players more susceptible. If he has a weaker immune system he's more susceptible as well.
Who cares. Dude had one miracle slam run. (like Rosol) and people begin overrating the guy like he was an all time great
It's a huge insult to Soderling to compare him to a one match fluke like Rosol. Soderling was a top 10 player from the time of his breakthrough until his injury. In fact, he won his last tournament he played in by destroying the current world #5 and #6. He was definitely the 5th best player in the world before he got mono.
He had 2 actually and 10 overall titles of which a master. I think on the whole, Rosol could only dream of such a career! I get your point though.
Rosol didn't have a miracle Slam run. His best ever showing in Slams was a 3rd round appearance at 2011 RG and 2012 Wimbledon. His only claim to fame is beating Nadal in the 2nd round of Wimbledon and thus being the last guy ever to play him (at least at this point). After beating Nadal at 2009 RG, Soderling went on to play the final where he lost to Fed. He also made the final of RG the following year where Rafa managed to get his revenge. He was a top 10 player, a whole different kettle of fish to Rosol!
Soderling ended Nadals RG streak. Soderling ended Federer's semi-final streak (which, at that point and taking into consideration the H2H, was a massive win) He blew out Ferrer in his last match on tour in the final of Båstad. Won several titles, one Master (Bercy). Semi-finals and up a break against DelPo in the deciding set at WTF. Etc etc etc. But sure - he's just another Rosol. WHAT THE F-CK ARE SOME PEOPLE THINKING HERE?
söderling was a very good player. one of the hardest hitters ever in tennis. he had some weaknesses too but overall he was a top player. I would say in his prime he was at least as good as ferrer is now (less consistent as he sometimes lost to players outside the top10 unlike ferrer) but with more upside. if he was healthy he could be no.5 now.


text:
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The special features of our designs, prototypes and products are clear elegance, timeless simplicity and independent, characteristic design. the unusual appearance and the quality of the used materials are as important as [...]
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CJK Support |
Prev | Document Encoding | Next |
Adding support for ideographic languages is quite tricky. However, once you are done with it, it will work quite well. Other than installing packages, there is some extra configuration work to do.
Your Linux distribution might already have a CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) package ready for you, so you might be saved the hassle of manually installing everything. Do check before going forward!
There is the possibility of using the ucs package in order to write short snippets of CJK text, but that option is seriously limited as it does not handle, among other things, newlines. We will instead install the complete CJK-LATEX package and make it work for both LATEX and PDFLATEX. A lot of this material has been inspired by Pai H. Chou's page about how to setup PDFLATEX.
Download the CJK
package. Copy its unpacked files to an appropriate subfolder of
, just like you did with the ucs package
before (see the section called "The ucs Package"). The files will be unpacked in a
folder, it is not important that you
take them out, though it will probably be tidier for you to
Now you have to download a font that supports all the CJK characters
you need. You can choose any *.ttf
file that
covers them, but in this walkthrough we will use Cyberbit.
Unzip the file and rename Cyberbit.ttf
, since uppercase might confuse your system.
Place cyberbit.ttf
in a folder together with
and generate the *.tfm
files with the command
$ ttf2tfm cyberbit.ttf -w cyberbit@Unicode@
For some reasons, sometimes this does not produce the hundreds
of files it should. Should that be your case, you can download both
Place the *.tfm
files in an
appropriate folder, say $
the TEXMF
files may be installed in
Now we need a map file to connect the *.enc
files to the font. Download cyberbit.map
and install it in $
Download another file, c70cyberbit.fd
and place it in an appropriate folder. You may choose, for example,
The last file we have to generate is a PostScript Type 1
font, necessary to read DVI files generated with LATEX. Run the command
$ ttf2pfb cyberbit.ttf -o cyberbit.pfb
, and copy the
resulting cyberbit.pfb
in a folder like
Let's now place cyberbit.ttf
among the fonts
where LATEX can find it. You could place it in a folder named
Check the configuration file you find at
, and make sure that the
line mentioning TEXMF
is uncommented and points to
the folder where you saved cyberbit.ttf
To make it possible for PDFLATEX to use your CJK
fonts, it is necessary that you add a line in configuration file
. Add
/pdftex/config/pdftex.cfgmap +cyberbit.map
in the file to complete the
configuration for PDFLATEX.
To configure LATEX so that you can produce DVI
files with CJK characters, you have to add a line in file
. The file might be in a folder named
, but you will probably have to look
for it. Add the line TEXMF
/ttf2pk/cyberbit@Unicode@ cyberbit.ttf
into it.
Now, you only have to run texhash
and the system should be ready.
To test whether your configuration is correct, you can try to compile this test file.
There are many things that can go wrong when setting CJK support manually. If something seems not to work, the following checklist might help you.
Obviously, since you run LATEX as a user and not as root, you must allow ordinary users to access the new files. Make sure all folders and files are accessible using the chmod command.
If LATEX writes a DVI without problems, but you
cannot view it, it is almost certainly because of some problems in the
automatic generation of *.pk
fonts. They are supposed to be generated on the fly when viewing a
DVI file, but this might fail for a number of reasons: double-check
for your custom line first. However,
it might happen that your ttf2pk command, which
is usually invoked by the DVI viewer, has been compiled
without support for the
kpathsea libraries. If this is the case,
will make no mention of kpathsea. As support for
these libraries is necessary, you might have to find a new package, or
recompile FreeType 1 by yourself.--version
There are a number of different input engines, and the choice can
depend also on personal preference. The author uses Skim,
a port to KDE of the Scim
engine. Refer to your distribution's documentation to learn how to
install these programs. Configuration of such programs can be tricky
too, in the case of Skim you will have to
define an environment variable
before starting X.XMODIFIERS
Prev | Home | Next |
Document Encoding | Up | Scripting |


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Since establishing the brand in 1970, Linda Farrow has gone on to achieve global acclaim for her luxury eyewear. Now under the creative force of founder Simon Jablon and Art Director, Tracy Sedino, Farrow's Avant-Garde styles are still just as iconic today, collaborating with designers such as Dries Van Noten, Phillip Lim and Erdem to bring a fresh new perspective to the brand.
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text:
We spend so much time – even, I am ashamed to say it, those of us over 40 – on Twitter and Facebook we have lost the ability to analyse.
Over Christmas, I tried to read Jane Austen's Persuasion. This was one of her novels I'd never got round to when I was younger, and a friend had recommended it. But after several attempts to get through the first chapter, while staying at my mother's house, I had to give up. The prose was so slow, the plot apparently non-existent, I became bored of nothing happening. "It's because you're always on Twitter," my mother said, scolding me like I was 14, not 40, "you've lost touch with what it's like to read a 19th century novel."
Judging by new research into social networking, she is right. We spend so much time – even, I am ashamed to say it, those of us over 40 – on Twitter and Facebook we have lost the ability to analyse. Absorbing so much information may be giving us more knowledge, but this is all superficial. We rely on others to do the hard work, but when we need to think about something for ourselves, we are stumped. Instead of considering the answer to tough questions, our impatience makes us rush to respond – often incorrectly. Perhaps someone could start tweeting every line of Persuasion – but then I'd still find it difficult to follow.
Twitter: @janemerrick


text:
Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)
The official song for FIFA football World Cup 2010 sung by Shakira.
Crawling and Googling Web and Serving the Appropriate Results. This blog is an information center to see technologies from my perspective. Also here you will find information on new technologies like AJAX, Web 2.0, RSS, feeds, ASP, JavaScript, CSS, new ventures, startups and interesting websites from India, personal blog, images captured around the World.
The official song for FIFA football World Cup 2010 sung by Shakira.
I don't have any more word to add here, but I must recommend you all to read this blog once:
The Secret Journal of Rakesh Jhunjhunwala: PIGEON HEADS
Hats Off to that blogger aka RJ for enlightening us and also Chyetanya Kunte the original writer of Shoddy Journalism.


text:
Author:Robert Sweet
From Wikisource
←Author Index: Sw | Robert Sweet (1783–1835) |
English botanist, horticulturist and ornithologist. |
- The British Flower Garden: coloured figures & descriptions of the most ornamental & curious hardy herbaceous plants Robert Sweet, drawings by Edwin Dalton Smith. (1823-1829)
Works by this author published before January 1, 1923 are in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago. Translations or editions published later may be copyrighted. Posthumous works may be copyrighted based on how long they have been published in certain countries and areas.


text:
Kubatana.net ~ an online community of Zimbabwean activists
Via http://blackcontemporaryart.tumblr.com/
This entry was posted on February 11th, 2013 at 1:06 pm by Bev Clark and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
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text:
Fire officials say ice has broken through a glass atrium at the Sony Building in New York City and 10 people have sustained minor injuries.
A spokesman for the New York City Fire Department says ice and glass fell into the lobby area of the Madison Avenue building on Saturday night.
The fire official said no one was seriously hurt, and that the injured were taken to area hospitals. A spokeswoman at Roosevelt Hospital in Manhattan says four of the injured were taken there with minor injuries.
No other information about the incident was immediately available.
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