text:
Source Class ID |
HomoloGene (Release 68, May 6, 2014) 3490 |
MGI loads vertebrate homology data from NCBI HomoloGene, which programmatically detects homologs among the genome features of completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes (see: HomoloGene Build Procedure).
MGI includes homology for the following selected vertebrate species from HomoloGene:
- human
- mouse
- rat
- cattle
- chicken
- chimpanzee
- dog
- monkey, Rhesus
- western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis)
- zebrafish
These are a subset of the total species represented in HomoloGene Classes at NCBI.
Additional species may be present in an NCBI HomoloGene Class than appear in MGI.
Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB), Gene Ontology (GO), MouseCyc |
Citing These Resources Funding Information Warranty Disclaimer & Copyright Notice Send questions and comments to User Support. |
last database update 03/21/2017 MGI 6.08 |


text:
ZAPCASE PRINTED BACK COVER FOR OPPO R7s
Price: | 899.00 |
Sale: | 449.00 + 65.00 Delivery charge Details |
You Save: | 450.00 (50%) |
Inclusive of all taxes |
Cash on Delivery eligible.
In stock.
Sold and fulfilled by ENVY (4.5 out of 5 | 422 ratings).
- Hard Plastic Cases
- High quality printing ensuring long life of the print quality. Design is printed all over the case ,including the sides
- Access to all ports, Matte finish Cover
- Made in INDIA
Product description
ZAPCASE CASES ARE are made to Bring Fun back into designs.The CASES are DESIGNED TO BE LOUD , UNIQUE AND UNCONVENTIONAL. They are an art form of Self-Expression for and ever evolving Individual. Cases are designed in a way that it perfectly fits onto the back of the phone. Made of high quality and highly durable in nature.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Difference between revisions of "Board and Chip Vendors"
From eLinux.org
Line 87: | Line 87: | ||
* NEC - makes ARM chips, used to make lots of MIPS chips | * NEC - makes ARM chips, used to make lots of MIPS chips | ||
+ | * [http://www.nvidia.com/ NVIDIA] - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia Wikipedia entry] | ||
+ | ** NVIDIA designs and manufactures both GeForce GPUs and [[Tegra]] SoCs. | ||
+ | ** The [[Tegra/Boards/NVIDIA_Jetson_TK1|Jetson TK1]] board contains a Tegra SoC. | ||
Revision as of 12:16, 14 May 2014
This page has a list of the companies or organizations that make processors or boards for embedded products. If you are looking for companies who sell Linux software or Linux-related services, see the Vendors page. If you are looking for companies who sell end-user products based on Linux, see Companies. If you are looking for information about specific development boards, see Category:Development Boards
- Allwinner Technology - An arm soc vendor based in Zhuhai, China
- make low cost arm soc for consumer electronic products, such as A1x.
- AMCC - Applied Micro Circuits Corporation
- makes embedded PowerPC processors??
- acquired ATI and now produces MIPS-based embedded processors (Xilleon series)
- Also, used to make Geode chip
- Analog Devices - Wikipedia entry
- ADI designs and manufactures the Blackfin processor, which has been in the mainline Linux kernel since 2.6.22 (May 2007).
- There is a central open source site with a dedicated documentation wiki
- Many more Blackfin manufactures can be found in that wiki as well
- ARM - Wikipedia entry
- ARM designs ARM architecture processors, and license the technology to companies that actually make the chips, they also make a few reference boards for their own technology named ARM RealView, ARM Versatile and ARM Integrator Info
- Armadeus
- affordable ARM boards (Freescale i.MX + Xilinx Spartan FPGA)
- Armadeus started as a community project
- Atmel - Wikipedia entry
- Atmel makes AT91SAM 32-bit ARM-based Microcontrollers
- AT91 Linux gateway
- Github for Linux-based systems : linux4sam.org github
- Armkits Embest
- Atmel AT91SAM9G45 Single Board Computer English Website,China Website
- Bluetechnix makes tiny Blackfin modules to simplify custom board development
- Boundary Devices
- manufacturers of ARM based Single Board Computers and System on Modules
- does custom board and device work.
- Broadcom - makes ARM chips for mobile phone market
- CALAO Systems sells tiny and cheap ARM based boards
- Cambridge Signal Processing makes tiny Blackfin modules to simplify custom board development
- C Data Solutions makes tiny Blackfin modules to simplify custom board development
- Cirrus Logic - Wikipedia entry
- Cirrus Logic makes ep93xx and ep73xx 32-bit ARM-based Microcontrollers
- DigiKey sells the OMAP3 based beagleboard, Pandaboard and Beaglebone
- EFlag Tech does custom Blackfin platform designs (software and hardware)
- eInfochips - The Solution People Open-RD based platform
- electronics.cat Open source hardware. Fastest and tidiest way prototyping electronics. It can be connected to Raspberry Pi 3Bpi
- Elphel, Inc provide high performance Network Cameras based on Free Software and Hardware designs. Axis EtraxFS & Spartan 3e 1200k gates FPGA.
- Embest sells Atmel SAM9G45 based SBC6845, TI OMAP3530 based DevKit8000, DM3730 based DevKit8500D, AM3359 based DevKit8600, AM1808 based SBC8018, Freescale i.MX 6Quad based SABRE Lite, NXP LPC1788 based SBC1788 and Discover-MO:) modules for STF32F4DISCOVERY board.
- Freescale Semiconductor - Wikipedia entry
- Freescale makes the MX31 ARM11-based processor (and associated development boards), among others.
- Freescale makes several PPC-based processors (and associated development boards) as well.
- Gumstix sells various very small processor and add-on boards. Especially interesting for robotics related projects.
- HITEG LTD does custom embedded board ,it focused on IT outsourcing and embedded technology(software and hardware)
- Hua Heng Tech does custom Blackfin platform designs (software and hardware)
- HV Sistemas S.L. makes tiny Blackfin modules to simplify custom board development
- IBM - Wikipedia entry
- Makes embedded PowerPC processor chips, such as the PPC 440 line
- Marvell sells a lot of ARM chips.
- One of the most interesting ones is probably the Marvell 88W8618 which is used in the Freecom MusicPal.
- MYIR sells various ARM development boards, CPU modules and single board computers.
- MYD-SAMA5D3X Atmel SAMA5D3 Development Board
- MYC-SAMA5D3X Atmel SAMA5D3 CPU Module
- MYD-SAM9X5 Atmel SAM9X5 Development Board
- MYC-SAM9X5 Atmel SAM9X5 CPU Module
- MYD-SAM9X5-V2 Atmel SAM9X5 Development Board
- MYC-SAM9X5-V2 Atmel SAM9X5 CPU Module
- NEC - makes ARM chips, used to make lots of MIPS chips
- NVIDIA - Wikipedia entry
- NVIDIA designs and manufactures both GeForce GPUs and Tegra SoCs.
- The Jetson TK1 board contains a Tegra SoC.
- Qualcomm - makes multicore ARM MSM products that support Linux
- Their Snapdragon platform provides a 1GHz ARM core and advanced DSP.
- Renesas Technology - Wikipedia entry
- Renesas makes the SuperH, M32R, and H8 RISC CPUs, the RX CISC CPUs, and others.
- Samsung
- Samsung Electronics makes the S3C24XX(ARM 9), S3C64XX(ARM 11), S5P64XX(ARM 11), S5PC100(Cortex A8), S5PV210/S5PC110(Cortex A8), EXYNOS4210(Cortex A9) SoCs and others.
- See more Samsung Application Processors
- SiRF - Makes besides GPS products also ARM based SoC for location aware devices, like the ARM9 based Atlas III (codename) at4x0a and the ARM11 based SiRFPrima.
- ST-Ericsson make mobile platforms for handset form factors and similar, typically ARM based with cellular modems.
- Sunplus is a company specialising in chips for multimedia and mobile applications. One of their interesting chips is the Sunplus SPMP3050A which is used in MP4 players.
- Surveyor Corporation makes Blackfin based robot modules for academics, hobbyists, and professionals
- [Tianyeit]
- Sell the tiny Package -- Computer In Package base on TI OMAP35x/AM3517/omap4430/omap4460/dm3730/am3359
- Timll
- Reference Design and customized HW/SW Design Based on TI OMAP35x/AM3517
- TechNexion
- Expandable and fully customizable ARM system modules and interface boards
- Embedded x86 boards with coreboot and linux core extensions
- Texas Instruments - Wikipedia entry


text:
By Region
Looking for great eats? The perfect dessert? A bottle of wine to share with a friend or a craft brew to drink as you catch a game? We can make your culinary travels complete with tons to choose from across the state.
Sort By:
Most Popular A – ZFilter By...
- Milton X


text:
Epic's Minecraft-inspired Fortnite a PC exclusive PC exclusives are rare in the gaming industry, but Epic is cooking up one based on the next-generation Unreal Engine 4. In recent years,... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
22 |
Triple-screen gaming on today's graphics cards Thanks to falling LCD prices, multi-monitor gaming is more attainable than ever before. We take a closer look at AMD Eyefinity and Nvidia... Type: Feature article Tags: Graphics Displays Gaming |
110 |
New screenshots show survival MMOFPS Survivarium I'm still disappointed that S.T.A.L.K.E.R. 2 was cancelled, but I'm intrigued by the next project from its developers: Survivarium, a free-to-play, massively multiplayer first-person shooter... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
12 |
Square Enix shows impressive DirectX 11 tech demo Is this how games would look if they weren't targeted at ancient console hardware? If so, wow. Final Fantasy series developer Square Enix has posted some... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
60 |
First Crysis 3 screenshots show overgrown New York EA made good on its promise to spill the beans about Crysis 3 today. It and Crytek have officially announced the game, posting... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
47 |
Max Payne 3 PC to have 'gloriously increased' detail Something amazing may be about to happen: a PC release will have enhanced graphics but won't be delayed til six months after the console version... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
34 |
Into the Anomaly I was there with the platoon. That's how I got these burn marks. They were waiting for me at every corner, red eyes in... |
10 |
Some thoughts on Rage Well, I finished Rage last night. I have to say that I enjoyed it quite a bit, mostly because, at heart, it's a very... |
30 |
Epic ports Unreal Engine 3... to Flash Unreal Engine 3 has definitely shown up in some unexpected places—most notably Apple's iOS devices, in the form of Infinity Blade (and the upcoming Infinity... Type: News story Tags: Graphics Gaming Internet Software |
40 |
CS: Global Offensive boasts new Arsenal modes, fresh screenshots Our first glimpses of Counter-Strike: Global Offensive haven't been particularly encouraging. Early footage of the game looked a little lo-fi for a... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
13 |
First-person Syndicate reboot due in early 2012 Syndicate has to be one of my favorite PC games of all time. I suspect most of you haven't heard of it, though. ... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
42 |
Just one more mission: impressions of the new Deus Ex It's now 9PM. My plan was to start writing this post three hours ago, but that didn't pan out. Instead of writing, I found myself... |
77 |
Crysis 2 tessellation: too much of a good thing? We discover the world's greatest virtual concrete slab. Type: Feature article Tags: Graphics Gaming |
187 |
Lost in Limbo As much as I love big-budget video games that take armies of developers and artists years to produce, I still have a lot of fun... |
16 |
Crysis 2 DX11 'Ultra Upgrade' arrives Right on schedule, Crytek has let loose the long-awaited patch that brings DirectX 11 eye candy to Crysis 2. Actually, there's more to it than... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
113 |
First impressions of Shift 2 Unleashed I have console envy. That's difficult to admit as a PC gamer. In my defense, this envy has nothing to do with hardware. ... |
52 |
Bethesda shows Prey 2 screenshot, concept art At a slow but steady pace, details about the upcoming sequel to Prey are trickling out. This time, Bethesda has posted the first public... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
13 |
Beaten down by Bit.Trip Runner I'd like to think that I'm pretty good at playing video games. However, every so often I'm handed a beatdown that makes me question... |
20 |
Aorus gives its GTX 1070 the triple-fan treatment | 1 |


text:
Black silk c.40's embroidered swing jacket
Spring time weather is so inspiring and always makes it so fun to pick outfits. You can get creative with thin layers, vibrant colors, and crazy prints. That is exactly why we love this Printed Jersey Tunic from Donna Morgan. Combination of the color block with flower prints gives so much character to this dress. It can not get more interesting than the black, purple, and blue flowers on block of white, black, blue, and purple. Shift Silhouette and beaded round neckline adds classiness to this fun and spontaneous dress, making it a perfect contemporary spring time dress.
Many people shy away from metallics during the daytime and save the glitters for the evening. However, it is never too early to add a little bit of dazzle to your daily outfit. That is exactly why we love this white jacket with gold lining on the sleeve that is featured in the Girl's Life magazine. Simple and chic white fitted jacket is accented with sparkling metallic gold on the sleeve, making this jacket more attractive. Match it with simple or soft colored bottom to complement the bright top, or go all out with stylish prints or little bit more sparkle.


text:
旧版本 Java Runtime Environment 184.108.40.206
Sponsored Links
- Windows 95
- Windows 98
- Windows ME
- Windows 2000
- Windows XP
- Windows Vista
- Several bugs were fixed
Java can run applications developed using the java programming language and set of development tools. The JVM is a crucial component of the Java platform. The availability of JVMs on many types of hardware and software platforms enables Java to function both as middleware and a platform in its own right. Hence the expression "Write once, run anywhere."
Starting with J2SE 5.0, changes to the JVM specification have been developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 924. As of 2006, changes to specification to support changes proposed to the class file format (JSR 202) are being done as a maintenance release of JSR 924. The specification for the JVM is published in book form, known as "blue book".
更新 : Java 更新
Did You Know?
The Java 2 Runtime Environment contains the Java virtual machine, runtime class libraries, and Java application launcher that are necessary to run programs written in the Java programming language.


text:
Health Concern On Your Mind?
See what your medical symptoms could mean, and learn about possible conditions.
Drugs & Supplements
Get information and reviews on prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and supplements. Search by name or medical condition.
Having trouble identifying your pills?
Enter the shape, color, or imprint of your prescription or OTC drug. Our pill identification tool will display pictures that you can compare to your pill.
Save your medicine, check interactions, sign up for FDA alerts, create family profiles and more.
Talk to health experts and other people like you in WebMD's Communities. It's a safe forum where you can create or participate in support groups and discussions about health topics that interest you.
Read expert perspectives on popular health topics.
Connect with people like you, and get expert guidance on living a healthy life.
Sign up to receive WebMD's award-winning content delivered to your inbox.
WebMD Symptom Checker helps you find the most common medical conditions indicated by the symptoms difficulty standing, fatigue, muscle weakness and shaking including Lack of exercise, Hypocalcemia, and Parkinson disease.
There are 88 conditions associated with difficulty standing, fatigue, muscle weakness and shaking. The links below will provide you with more detailed information on these medical conditions from the WebMD Symptom Checker and help provide a better understanding of causes and treatment of these related conditions.
Lack of exercise is a common cause of fatigue, weight gain, and muscle weakness.
Hypocalcemia is a blood condition marked by tingling, muscle spasms and aches, and confusion.
Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the nervous system causing tremors stiffness and slow movement.
Medication side effects include nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, weakness, dizziness, seizures, and more.
Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the nervous system causing difficulties with balance, speech, and movement.
Acute stress reaction symptoms include shortness of breath, anxiety, nervousness, sense of doom and more.
Hypothyroidism your body functions slow down, making you gain weight and feel tired all the time.
Low blood pressure, or hypotension, can make you feel lightheaded and dizzy
Mononucleosis is a viral infection causing extreme fatigue, sore throat, fever, rash, muscle aches, and more.
Anemia, a lack of red blood cells, can cause fatigue, pale skin, weakness, dizziness, headache and more.
People with sleep apnea stop and restart breathing multiple times while sleeping.
Dehydration, or not getting enough fluid, causes dry and sticky mouth, tearless crying, and more in children.
Depression is a painful sadness that interferes with daily life and includes hopelessness, anxiety, and more.
Hay fever, an allergic reaction to outdoor pollens and molds, causes nasal congestion, itchy eyes, and more.
Some heart rhythm disorders can cause a fluttering in the chest, shortness of breath, chest pain or dizziness.
Acute sinusitis, an inflammation of the sinuses, causes sinus pain and tenderness, facial redness and more.
Diabetes can make you feel hungry, tired, or thirsty; you may urinate more than normal and have blurry vision.
Viral syndrome is an unidentified cause of typical virus symptoms sore throat, stuffy nose, aches and more.
Benign essential tremor can cause shaking of the hands and forearms and a quivering voice.
Sleep deprivation occurs when the lack of restful sleep is severe enough to compromise basic body functions.
Chronic sinusitis, or sinus infections, cause a stuffy or runny nose, tooth pain, fever, sore throat and more.
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that causes the body to produce abnormally thick and sticky mucus.
Atrial fibrillation is a heart condition that causes heart palpitations, confusion, dizziness and more.
People with eating disorders have extreme and dangerous eating habits.
Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that causes shortness of breath, a chronic cough, wheezing, and more.
Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease and causes swelling, abnormal urine, fever, achiness, and more.
Heat exhaustion causes intense thirst, heavy sweating, pale, cool, and moist skin, muscle cramps, and more.
Hepatitis A is an inflammation of the liver. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, yellowing of the skin, and more.
Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver that may cause fever, fatigue, dark urine, jaundice, and more.
Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver that may cause yellowing of the skin and eyes, tiredness, and more.
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection spread through tick bites; symptoms include rash, fever chills, and more.
Mumps is a contagious viral disease that causes painful swelling of the glands that produce saliva.
Myelodysplastic syndromes are diseases that affect the bone marrow and blood, causing anemia and tiredness.
Pulmonary hypertension can cause shortness of breath, a fast heart rate, or lightheadedness.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes pain, swelling, and joint damage.
Tuberculosis usually infects the lungs, causing a bad cough with blood, chest pain, fever, chills, and fatigue.
Chronic fatigue syndrome is a condition that causes extreme tiredness that doesn't get better with rest.
Cocaine abuse occurs when a person continues using it despite the social and health problems caused by it.
People with congestive heart failure can have shortness of breath, fatigue, irregular heartbeat and more.
Depression is a painful sadness that interferes with a child's schoolwork, family life, and social activities.
The symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding include black or bloody stool or vomit, dizziness, and cramping.
Hyperparathyroidism can cause fatigue and weakness, increased thirst, impaired thinking, and bone fractures.
Iron poisoning causes abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and dehydration.
Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection of the lungs causing muscle aches, fever, chest pain, cough, and more.
Rectal cancer appears in the rectum and causes bloody stool and constipation.
Dementia resulting from a head injury may cause memory problems, difficulty speaking, and personality changes.
Labyrinthitis, an infection and swelling in the inner ear, and may cause vertigo or hearing loss.
Anemia , a lack of red blood cells, can cause fatigue, pale skin and gums, brittle nails, irritability, and more.
Alzheimer's disease is type of dementia that causes memory loss, as well as thinking and behavior problems.
Carbon monoxide poisoning can be fatal, symptoms include headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.
Chronic kidney disease is a condition of the kidneys that can cause high blood pressure, fatigue, and weakness.
Dehydration, or not getting enough fluid, causes low blood pressure, weakness, dizziness, fatigue, and nausea.
Myasthenia gravis is caused by abnormal immune responses that weaken muscles, particularly of the face.
Small cell lung cancer is the least common type of lung cancer and can cause a cough, chest pain, and more.
Thalassemia is a rare group of genetic blood disorders effecting red blood cells and leading to anemia.
Aortic regurgitation, when the aortic valve doesn't close completely, can cause severe heart symptoms.
Pleural effusion is buildup of fluid in the pleura and can cause difficulty breathing or chest pain.
Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) can cause fatigue, pale skin, weakness, dizziness, headache and more.
Breathing in high levels of radon over time can cause lung cancer.
Restless leg syndrome causes intense discomfort in your legs and an overpowering urge to move them.
Sarcoidosis is a rare disease that can cause swelling and hard lumps in the lymph nodes and organs.
Supraventricular tachycardia is fast heart rhythm starting in one of the upper chambers of the heart.
Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, weakness, sleepiness, numbness, weakness, and more.
Bipolar disorder causes extreme mood swings between depression and mania.
Low blood sugar, or low glucose levels, causes shakiness, anxiety, clammy skin, irritability, hunger, and more.
Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer and can cause a cough, chest pain, and more.
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by swollen painful joints, a rash, swollen lymph nodes, and more.
Cold exposure symptoms include color changes on the skin, numbness, stinging, redness, blisters, and more.
Exercise is vital for good health, but overdoing it can lead to muscle aches, dehydration, headache, and more.
Being underweight means weighing less than you need for good health.
Methamphetamine use causes increased blood pressure, rapid heart rate, enlarged pupils, sweating, and more.
Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition that can cause muscle twitches, seizures, cramps, tingling, and more.
Cocaine withdrawal may cause feelings ranging from anxiety, irritability and sleepiness to suicidal thoughts.
Malnutrition occurs when the body isn't getting enough nutrients; sometimes the condition is life-threatening.
Hyperthyroidism causes weight loss, shakiness, tiredness, sensitivity to heat, insomnia, and more.
Hypopituitarism is a rare disorder of the pituitary glands, which can cause many different symptoms.
Renal cell cancer is a type of kidney cancer that can cause bloody urine and persistent pain in the side.
Hemolytic anemia occurs when there aren't enough red blood cells in the blood.
Small intestine cancer is rare and often has no symptoms, but can cause symptoms in its advanced stages.
Radiation sickness is caused by a high dose of radiation, and causes vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, and more.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare inherited condition that can lead to cramps, muscle spasms, and more.
Lead poisoning causes sudden pain on either side of the lower back, urinary issues, nausea, fever, and chills.
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness and causes fever, general aches and pains, headache, and weakness.
Mesenteric lymphadenitis is an inflammation of abdominal lymph nodes causing pain, diarrhea, fever, and more.
Bird flu is spread to people from birds and causes fever, cough, sore throat and muscle aches.
Throat cancer can cause symptoms including difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and chronic cough.
Cat scratch disease is a bacterial infection caused by a cat scratch or bite.


text:
A settlement was approved Monday in Lenawee County Probate Court in a wrongful death claim resulting from a traffic crash in Ohio that caused the death of a Manitou Beach woman.
A judgment for the $100,000 limit on an auto insurance policy was approved by Judge Gregg P. Iddings. The award was divided among family members of Imogene Heady. She died April 22, 2010, from injuries suffered in a Sept. 25, 2009, traffic crash. She was 76.
The car she was riding in collided with another vehicle at an intersection on U.S. 127 near Somers, Ohio, north of Cincinnati. An Ohio State Highway Patrol report said driver Paul Brown, 87, of Addison, admitted being at fault. The two were driving to Florida for the winter, according to the report.
Settlement reached in traffic crash death case
Dec 3, 2012 at 8:03 PM
Dec 3, 2012 at 8:05 PM


text:
Today is Sunday, June 10, 2012 and here is what's available in terms of Daily Blogging Prompts and other related events in the genealogy blogosphere:
Items of Note
- Today is Iced Tea Day.
- Each Sunday, Olive Tree Genealogy offers a new blogging prompt under the heading Sharing Memories – Genealogy Journal Writing. This week's prompt: Plaid Glasses & a Sandbox Hiding Place.
- Each Sunday, The Turning of Generations offers a new blogging prompt under the heading 21st Century Organized Family Historian.
Daily Blogging Prompts
Black Sheep Sunday – create a post with the main focus being an ancestor with a "shaded past." Bring out your ne'er-do-wells, your cads, your black widows, your horse thieves and tell their stories. And don't forget to check out the International Black Sheep Society of Genealogists (IBSSG). This is an ongoing series at GeneaBloggers.
Church Record Sunday – describe a specific church record or a set of records held by a church or denomination and how they can assist genealogists. This is an ongoing series developed by Gena Philibert Ortega at Gena's Genealogy.
Sentimental Sunday – discuss a sentimental story or memory about an ancestor, or maybe even a family tradition that touches you. This is an ongoing series at GeneaBloggers and was suggested by Renate Sanders at Into the Light.
Sunday's Obituary – if you have obituaries of family members and ancestors, consider posting them along with other information about that person as part of Sunday's Obituary. This is an ongoing series developed by Leslie Ann at Ancestors Live Here.
To ensure that your blog post is included in the "roll-up" widgets above, include the name of the blogging theme in your post title. Examples: Black Sheep Sunday – Crystal DeCanter; Tombstone Tuesday – Emma Grate.
* * *
If you would like your event or Daily Blogging Prompt included, please contact Geneabloggers at geneabloggers [at] gmail [dot] com.
©2012, copyright Thomas MacEntee


text:
#Bremen/ #Schwanewede: #Tanklager #Farge
#Bremen/ #Schwanewede: #Tanklager #Farge-Bremer Bürger fordern sofort sanieren, dann stillegen! http://bit.ly/VxTNri
January 7, 2013 - Posted by tweetintermezzo | Uncategorized
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About occupy and real democracy
Ziviler Ungehorsam und Gewalt freier Widerstand ist erlaubt und wird zur Bürgerpflicht.
Das politische System der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bedarf dringend einer Reform.
Der Wille des Bürgers findet nicht mehr ausreichend Gewicht in der politischen Landschaft.
Parteienfinanzierung, Ämterkungelei, politische Stiftungen und fehlende Bürgerdemokratie Alimentation von Abgeordneten,
Der Ruf nach Reformen des politischen Systems wird immer lauter .
Gegen Machtmissbrauch und Korruption streitet
Staatsrechtler und Parteienkritiker Prof. Dr. Hans Herbert von Arnim,
Ziviler Ungehorsam als solcher ist im deutschen Recht weder eine Ordnungswidrigkeit noch ein Straftatbestand.
Aber Vorsicht, die Strafverfolgungsbehörden sehen das oft anders!
Das Kind bekommt jetzt einen anderen Namen:
Damit ist nicht der zivile Ungehorsam sanktionsfähig, sondern jeweils die konkrete Rechtsverletzung, neben anderen beispielsweise Hausfriedensbruch nach §§ 123 f. StGB,
Bedrohung nach § 241 StGB und
Sachbeschädigung nach §§ 303 ff. StGB.
Störungen gerichtlicher Abläufe können gemäß Verfahrensrecht mit Ordnungsstrafen belegt werden.
Wie ein Sandkorn möchte ich sein
– ein Sandkorn möchte ich sein am langen Strand von Miami
– ein Sandkorn möchte ich sein am weißen Strand von Waikiki,
– ein Sandkorn möchte ich sein am heißen Strand der Copacabana,
– ein Sandkorn möchte ich sein am felsigen Strand der Côte d'Azur,
wie ein Sandkorn möchte ich sein, im Getriebe der ( All-)Mächtigen dieser Welt!
Fragen der Zeit:
Ich bin Hartz IV- Empfänger, volljährig und geschäftsfähig und will Aufsichtsrat in einem DAX-Unternehmen werden, ich kann alles, aber nichts richtig, Gehaltsvorstellung 500 000 Euro plus Boni/ Jahr.
Kann ich als Hartz IV- Empfänger V-Mann werden, ich könnte live aus dem Arbeitsamt berichten?
Wird Deutschland von einem Zufallsgenerator regiert?
Gibt es im Bundestag einen Escort-Dienst für Abgeordnete?
Sind Lobbyisten auch Menschen?
Kann man AKW`s bald für 1 € kaufen?
Darf ich in meinem Schrebergarten ein Endlager für Kernbrennstäbe eröffnen?
Gibt es im Bundestag einen Sexshop?
Recent Posts
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- #Vergewaltigung, #USarmy, #wikileaks, #GCHQ , #NSA , #right2water, #WikiLeaks , #Polizei, Datenabgleich, #Geheimdienst, #Teilen, #sharing, #earth, #1507, #Herculex
- #Bremer Bürger gegen #Nazis: #Farger #Ultras endlich unter Beobachtung der Dienste!
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FriendFeed News
- UntitledFriendFeed was shut down on April 9, 2015. We maintained the service since we joined Facebook in 2009, but the number of people using FriendFeed had been steadily declining and in the end, the community was just a fraction of what it once was. Given this, we decided that it was time to start winding things down. We want to thank you all for being such a terr […]
- UntitledDear FriendFeed community, We wanted to let you know that FriendFeed will be shutting down soon. We've been maintaining the service since we joined Facebook five years ago, but the number of people using FriendFeed has been steadily declining and the community is now just a fraction of what it once was. Given this, we've decided that it's time […]
- Custom FriendFeed themes and a way to show them offWhen we launched FriendFeed themes we mentioned some improvements we wanted to make, and here they are! Choose how people see your FriendFeed profile Starting today, people who visit your profile will see it in the theme you've chosen. If you'd prefer visitors not to see your theme, you can turn it off on your settings page. You can also choose the […]
- FriendFeed accepts Facebook friend requestWe are happy to announce that Facebook has acquired FriendFeed. As my mom explained to me, when two companies love each other very much, they form a structured investment vehicle... The FriendFeed team is extremely excited to become a part of the talented Facebook team. We've always been great admirers of Facebook, and our companies share a common visio […]
- FriendFeed API v2: Out of beta, OAuth for installed applicationsTwo weeks ago, we launched version 2 of the FriendFeed API in beta. Since then, we've watched how developers have been using the API and collected a lot of their feedback. We've implemented some changes, and now, we're ready to remove the beta label! In addition to removing the beta label, we also added support for using OAuth in applications […]
- Ben Darnell joins FriendFeed: Ben++!We're very excited to have Ben Darnell joining the FriendFeed team starting today! Not only is Ben our newest employee, he's our first new employee in over a year!I had the honor of working with Ben on the Google Reader team and I'm thrilled to have him bring his ninja-fu data-storage and scalability skills to FriendFeed.Of course, now that we […]
- Improve FriendFeed for your friends by recommending subscriptionsAs a devoted FriendFeed user, I have tried to convince all of my friends and family to join the site, but a handful of them never quite got their accounts set up properly. With our new Recommend friends feature, I can fix their FriendFeed experience by recommending subscriptions to them. Visit http://friendfeed.com/friends/recommend, and you can recommend su […]
- FriendFeed API v2: Real-time, OAuth, file attachments, and moreToday we are launching version 2 of the FriendFeed API for beta testing. We focused on making the API simpler to use, and we added number of compelling new features: Real-time APIs - utilize long polling to get feeds in real-time, including search! Flexible sharing options - Direct message users. Share to multiple feeds. File attachments - Attach images, pdf […]
- Someone's in the kitchen with FriendFeed themesVariety is the spice of life, and we know you like some spice when you 'feed, so we cooked up a few more themes to please your palette.Grasslands gives a breath of country air to the FriendFeed experience and, if higher altitudes are your fancy, we've got Orion (thanks for the pic, NASA!) Knot brings a little bit of elegant decoration, and be sure […]
- Duck Hunt themeBy popular demand, we bring you the Duck Hunt theme, in which you shoot cartoon ducks while you peruse FriendFeed. Make sure you have your sound on. If you want duck carnage on your own site, check out Duck my life.
- Summer offsite 2009Last week, we had our second-annual summer offsite. Mini-golf was played. Kevin won with only 45 strokes! (Bret came in second at just one stroke behind.) Paul came in highest with 76 (are high scores in golf bad?). Then we moved on to Paul's house, where Parties that Cook! had staged an elaborate kitchen challenge. Divided into two teams, we had an hou […]
- FriendFeed real-time search. We have it. It's here.One of the coolest things about FriendFeed is how you can see everything that's happening on the site in real-time. Starting today, this is even more true with real-time search. Just enter a search query as you always have, and see new results instantly stream in at the top of your screen in real-time. No need to constantly click refresh. It's an e […]
- FriendFeed now 6x more awesomer with themesIndividual expression is the heart of FriendFeed, and today we're excited to launch FriendFeed themes, with six new designs to choose from.One of the first things you learn conducting usability studies is that a participant will always say 'I don't like the colors'. Designing for a broad user base usually means finding the best middle gro […]
- You can now share files on FriendFeedOne of my favorite things about FriendFeed is how quick and easy it is to upload and post a photo. Now, we've added the capability to share files as well. You can easily attach any file, such as a PDF or a spreadsheet, to your FriendFeed post. To share files on friendfeed.com, simply click the "Files" link underneath the post box and select which f […]
- Subscribers count!We're happy to announce that we've recently started sharing FriendFeed subscriber counts when we crawl for the latest version of your blog's feed.So if you have 200 people subscribed to you on FriendFeed, and you've added your blog as a service on FriendFeed, now you can see those subscribers right alongside the subscriber counts from Goo […]
- Popular iPhone apps for FriendFeedSome third party software developers have made good use of the FriendFeed API to create some great FriendFeed iPhone applications. Stay connected to FriendFeed even when you're away from your computer with one of these iPhone apps (at our office, BuddyFeed and Amigo have been really popular): BuddyFeed (iTunes page) amigo (iTunes page) Nambu (iTunes pag […]
- Welcome back, Ross!We are so excited to have our intern Ross back with us! Ross is behind some of FriendFeed's best moments captured on film: helpful tutorials, "The FriendFeed Whiteboard", and of course, the infamous piñata cam. Ross will be spending the summer developing more videos, helping our users in the feedback rooms, and working to grow the FriendFeed c […]
- FriendFeed now available in فارسیFriendFeed is now available in Persian (فارسی)! You can change your FriendFeed language preference in your account settings. Thanks again to all of our Persian users — it has been extremely exciting for us to see FriendFeed so widely used around the world. This is the first right-to-left language we support, so expect that there will be some bugs. You can re […]
- A whole new FriendFeedYou might have noticed that FriendFeed looks pretty different today. We've just launched a whole new design, and a host of features and improvements that comes along with it. We unveiled this look three weeks ago in beta and have been busy gathering feedback and making improvements. Here are some of the things you'll now find in FriendFeed: Real-ti […]
- FriendFeed in Italiano and TürkçeWe've had a lot of requests for additional FriendFeed languages ever since we launched six new languages back in December. And today, we're really happy to add two more to that list — Italian and Turkish! You can now select from Italian or Turkish, in addition to English, German, French, Spanish, Japanese, Russian, and simplified Chinese, from the […]
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BANK OF NINGBO, NANJING SWIFT Code Information | |
SWIFT Code / BIC | BKNBCN2NNAN |
Bank / Institution | BANK OF NINGBO |
Branch Name | (NANJING BRANCH) |
Address | |
City | NANJING |
Postcode | |
Country | China |
Connection | Active |
The Swift code consists of 8 or 11 characters. When 8-digits code is given, it refers to the primary office. The code formatted as below;
- First 4 characters - bank code (only letters)
- Next 2 characters - ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code (only letters)
- Next 2 characters - location code (letters and digits) (passive participant will have "1" in the second character)
- Last 3 characters - branch code, optional ('XXX' for primary office) (letters and digits)
Currently, there are over 40,000 "live" Swift codes. The "live" codes are for the partners who are actively connected to the Swift network. On top of that, there are more than 50,000 additional codes, which are used for manual transactions. These additional codes are for the passive participants.
The registrations of Swift Codes are handled by Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication ("SWIFT") and their headquarters is located in La Hulpe, Belgium. SWIFT is the registered trademarks of S.W.I.F.T. SCRL with a registered address at Avenue Adèle 1, B-1310 La Hulpe, Belgium.


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This is the P430 Laser Printer manufactured by Canon. Island Ink-Jet offers a variety of printer cartridges that will work with this machine as are listed below.
The Licensed Island Associate Program is an opportunity for you to download the non-revenue generating activities of your small business to the Associate group and gain a new partner that will contribute to the success of your business in a variety of ways also allowing you to focus your time where it should be focused- generating sales.
Recycling is great, but Reusing is better. At Island Ink-Jet we believe in refilling and reusing cartridges whenever possible, before sending them for recycling and replacing them with a new one. Reusing an inkjet cartridge can save the energy and materials used in recycling it, decreasing the overall environmental impact of printing.
Why open your own store, carry inventory, manage cash and billing? Becoming an Island Ink-Jet sales agent is like owning a business without any investment required and without having to manage any of the above! What could possibly be better?
We want to make your ordering and customer service experiences as good as they can be. If you have any questions at all regarding your account, or need specific details on our products and services, speak with your Account Manager.
Orders received Monday to Friday before 2pm eastern are processed and shipped same day. Orders placed after 2pm on Friday or on Saturday or Sunday will be processed the following Monday. Delivery can take 1-5 business days and customer will receive tracking number to confirm shipment once order has left our warehouse(s).
Orders are shipped by courier (FedEx/Purolator) from any of our 8 distribution centres based on proximity of the items ordered to your door. It is common for most densely populated areas to receive their orders the next business day. Certain factors may contribute to orders taking up to 5 days such as availability of the items ordered at the closest distribution centre.
Special order items or orders placed outside of the local trading areas may take 5 or more business days to ship and can have a separate delivery charge based on the weight and delivery distance of the order.
In the event of a holiday, deliveries may be delayed. We observe many Federal and Provincial holidays across Canada. If you are in an area that is observing a holiday and are unsure of your delivery date, please contact us.
In some cases an order cannot be filled by a single distribution centre such as if an order for two items is placed and only one is in stock at the closest distribution centre yet a second is available within another of our facilities. When this occurs, the order is processed to be shipped in its entirety from as many points as necessary to fill the order and have it arrive at your door in the least amount of time. Should this occur, only one processing fee may apply even if the order is processed to ship from several distribution centres. A processing fee will be visible during checkout (on the check-out screen) if applicable.
Our standard shipping charge applies on all orders, and is a flat rate of $8.50 Shipping costs are waived on all orders of $49 or more*. *Free shipping not available in the Canadian Territories of Yukon, North West Territories and Nunavut *"Free shipping" offer does not apply to oversized items including printers and copiers, office furniture. Shipping charges may apply and are billed/charged at time of shipping based on the actual cost of freight to destination. Contact us at 1-877-446-5538 if shipping quotes are required prior to purchase.
Island Ink-Jet is not liable for delivery exceptions that may occur due to storms, natural disasters, receiving incomplete addresses or when the customer is unavailable to accept the delivery.
The Customer accepts that couriers will attempt delivery as requested by the Customer and should the Customer be unavailable to accept the delivery; the goods shall be physically deposited at the address. Notwithstanding the above a notification may be left at the door advising that a second delivery attempt will be made or to provide instruction on how to pick up locally thereafter. In the unlikely event that the package continues to remain unclaimed by the customer over the course of the following 10 days – it will be returned to the originating warehouse.
Returned shipments are eligible for refund however all actual shipping costs incurred (on both outbound and inbound shipments) are at the customers expense and will be subtracted from any refund provided.
The goods shall be deemed to have been delivered when they are physically deposited at the address given to the Company by the Customer or consignee for that purpose, or have been collected from the Company's premises or an authorised agent of the Company. The Customer accepts that no form of acknowledgement or signature that delivery has occurred is required to be obtained by the courier except in those instances where the Customer has specified, and the Company has agreed, that the Company obtain proof of delivery.
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----------Many cities are accessible from Dano. We have selected the most popular tourist cities that you can visit after Dano. Based on number of days in hand for vacation these cities have been listed and can be added to your travel itinerary by selecting "Add to Trip" displayed on the right of each city name.


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A 10% deposit is required for all non-stock Lunt Solar telescope at the time of order. The balance will be charged when the telescope ships.
The LS100T/Ha is a complete Solar Telescope. The refractor based system has a precision aligned singlet chromatical lens with a 100mm aperture. The front singlet lens reduce half the straylight of an achromat , fully eleminate the possibility for on axis coma, astigmatism, decentering aberrations and provides with the matched collimation lens set a full spherical corrected flat-field Solar-Telescope. The focal length is 800mm providing a ~7.3 mm image thru a B1800 blocking filter. Course focus adjustment via a slide tube. Focusing is achieved with a High Precision 2" Starlight Feather Touch focuser with 10:1 reduction standard.
An internal etalon with tuneable adjustment allows for a <0.8 Angstrom bandpass.
The Internal module has an optimized collimating system to reduce off axis abberation.
The system may also be purchased with a 100mm External Filter for a bandpass of <0.5. Call for details....
Delivered with order:
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Choosing to tie the knot in Massachusetts is an easy decision; the hard part is deciding when and where. Every season's unique in Massachusetts and there are wedding venues perfect for each one. You could say, "I do" with your feet in the sand on a beach fit for a magazine cover, beneath the warm summer sun. Or maybe ride off in a horse drawn carriage with a "just married" sign, amongst the vivid fall foliage. Maybe you want a true fairytale white wedding, in a castle set against a snowy, winter wonderland; or a rustic, romantic ceremony in an antique barn, surrounded by a field of freshly blooming flowers. Browse through Massachusetts's wedding sites where you'll find the perfect setting for your Big Day.
Watch a video on Willowdale Estate in Topsfield.
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Great Lakes Regional Pollution Prevention Roundtable
Promoting Pollution Prevention Through Information Exchange
GLRPPR Contacts: Illinois Small Business Development Center-Lincoln Land Community CollegeNote: If you are affiliated with Illinois Small Business Development Center-Lincoln Land Community College, click here to request a change in your information. A confirmation e-mail will be sent to email@example.com.
GLRPPR is a member of the Pollution Prevention Resource Exchange, a national network of regional information centers: NEWMOA (Northeast), WRRC (Southeast), GLRPPR (Great Lakes), ZeroWasteNet (Southwest), P2RIC (Plains), Peaks to Prairies (Mountain), WSPPN (Pacific Southwest), PPRC (Northwest). |
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Movies |
Action/Adventure, SciFi/Fantasy
Aliens in the Attic
Kids on a family vacation must fight off an attack by knee-high alien invaders with world-destroying ambitions. At the same time, the youngsters work hard to keep their parents in the dark about the battle upstairs. It all starts as a meteor shower rockets across the dark galaxy. Four glowing pods sparkle and crackle while hiding behind the meteor show. A mysterious force makes the meteor shower turn a hard right towards a bright blue ball in the distance - planet Earth.
Cast: Doris Roberts, Ashley Tisdale, Robert Hoffman, Gillian Vigman, Austin Robert Butler
Produced by: Barry Josephson
Directed by: John Schultz
Written by: Mark Burton
Running time:
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Opens: Jul 31, 2009 Nationwide
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on this day. |


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Save more. Do more.
We help you get the most out of your visit to Parksville with savings on hotels and car rentals. Explore your hotel options and get an unforgettable experience at a great price. Our hotel deals put 4- and 5-star hotels within your budget. See even more of British Columbia with a rental car. Snag up a car rental and turn your visit into a Nanaimo adventure! Unlock extra spending cash with a package deal that saves you even more.


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(USA & Canada) Call 1 800 745 8883
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Perfectly sized for taking notes on the road, the Travel Soft Cover Notebook Two-Pack includes a Woodland Camo printed exterior and foil stamped Herschel Supply branding.
We stand behind the quality of our products with a Limited Lifetime Warranty — our guarantee that every Herschel Supply item is free of material and manufacturing defects. This warranty covers common and everyday use for the duration of the original purchaser's lifetime, beginning on the date of purchase from an authorized Herschel Supply retailer.
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The European Patent Office will grant patent rights over the use of CRISPR in all cell types to a University of California team, contrasting with a recent decision in the U.S.
Glial cells consume mitochondria released by neurons in the optic nerve.
Glial cells consume mitochondria released by neurons in the optic nerve.
Individual neurons in the dorsomedial striatum integrate responses to sight and touch.
Circadian neurons in fruit flies form synapses with different, noncircadian brain regions depending on the time of day.
Scientist to Watch, Takaki Komiyama, discusses his use of chronic two-photon calcium imaging to explore how wakefulness and experience shape odor representations in the mouse olfactory bulb.
Ron Blackwell helps neuroscientists map the circuitry of face perception by letting them stimulate his brain with electricity.
Assistant Professor, Neurobiology Section, University of California, San Diego. Age: 35
Emil du Bois-Reymond's innovations for recording electrical signals from living tissue set the stage for today's neural monitoring techniques.
How one of the rarest neurodegenerative diseases could lend insight into ubiquitous neuroprotective processes


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System Size
Here are some links to information and projects related to Linux system size.
Technologies for decreasing system size
Kernel size reduction
Configuration Options
- Kernel Size Tuning Guide - document about measuring kernel size and configuring the kernel for smallest size
The Linux-tiny patchset
- The Linux Tiny patch set is a collection of patches which can be used to make the Linux kernel consume less space. The long-term goal of the Linux-tiny project is to mainline these patches. Several patches have been mainlined over the last few years, and work continues in this area.
Compiler options for reducing kernel size
An LWN article talks about three gcc options to shrink the kernel.
The first option is -Os which is already in the tiny kernel patch.
The second option is new in gcc 3.4, -funit-at-a-time. This apparently makes gcc do a much better job of inlining and dead code removal. It reduces the size of both text and data. It depends on another inlining patch that I think is in the tiny kernel patch (maybe same idea but different details).
The third option, -mregparm=3, seems to be x86 specific, it instructs the compiler to use registers for the first three function arguments. by John Rigby
File system compression
For read-only data, it is useful to utilize a compressed file system. The following are used heavily in embedded systems:
- Cramfs
- SquashFS
See the File Systems page for more information.
Library savings
Use of a smaller libc
Glibc is the default C library used for Linux systems. Glibc is about 2 meg. in size. Other C libraries are also available for Linux, and they offer varying degrees of compatibility and size savings. In general, uClibc is considered a very good alternative to glibc, for systems where size is an issue.
- uClibc - small footprint but complete C library
- dietlibc - another library to produce very small statically compiled executables.
- klibc - very small library for use in init ram filesystems
- Subset Libc Specification - CELF once considered the possibility of creating a subset libc specification. Some companies have also examined the possibility of modularizing glibc, so that parts of it can be made configurable. Preliminary research indicates that this could be a very difficult thing, since glibc has very messy function interdependencies.
Static Linking
If your set of applications is small, sometimes it makes more sense to statically link your applications than to use shared libraries. Shared libraries by default include all symbols (functions and data structures) for the features a library provides. However, when you static link a program to a library, only the symbols that are actually referenced are linked in and included in the program.
Library reduction
It is possible to reduce the size of shared libraries, by eliminating unused symbols.
MontaVista released a tool for library optimization. This tool scans the entire file system, and can rebuild the shared libraries for the system, including only the symbols needed for the set of applications in the indicated file system.
Care needs to be taken with this approach, since it may make it difficult to use add-on programs or or do in-field upgrades (since symbols required by the new software may not be present in the optimized libraries). But for some fixed-function devices, this can reduce your library footprint dramatically.
See http://libraryopt.sourceforge.net/
Deferred Library Loading
It is possible to reduce the RAM runtime footprint for a product, by lazily loading shared libraries, and by breaking up library dependencies. Panasonic did some research into a process called Deferred Library Loading, which they presented at ELC 2007.
See the Deferred Dynamic Loading presentation.
You can save RAM memory by using some text or data directly from flash.
Kernel XIP
By executing the kernel in-place from flash, it is possible to save RAM space.
- see Kernel XIP
Application XIP
By executing applications in-place from flash, it is possible to save RAM space.
- see Application XIP
Data Read In Place (DRIP)
This is a technique for keeping data in flash, until it is written to, and then making a RAM page for it.
Size measurement tools and techniques
Kernel size measurement data
- Bloatwatch - a kernel size regression analysis tool.
- Bloatwatch provides a great amount of detail, and the ability to compare the size of kernel versions over time. The range of kernels covered is from 2.6.12-rc2 to 2.6.17-rc1. Unfortunately, the system to
collect kernels and test them broke about the time of 2.6.17, and the system stopped operating at that time.
- If you have interest in reviving this tool to make it operational again, please contact User:Tim Bird. CELF has some contract money earmarked for this project.
How to measure the kernel image size
- to see the size of the major kernel sections (code and data):
size vmlinux */built-in.o
[tbird@crest ebony]$ size vmlinux */built-in.o text data bss dec hex filename 2921377 369712 132996 3424085 343f55 vmlinux 764472 35692 22768 822932 c8e94 drivers/built-in.o 918344 22364 36824 977532 eea7c fs/built-in.o 18260 1868 1604 21732 54e4 init/built-in.o 39960 864 224 41048 a058 ipc/built-in.o 257292 14656 34516 306464 4ad20 kernel/built-in.o 34728 156 2280 37164 912c lib/built-in.o 182312 2704 736 185752 2d598 mm/built-in.o 620864 20820 26676 668360 a32c8 net/built-in.o 1912 0 0 1912 778 security/built-in.o 133 0 0 133 85 usr/built-in.o
- to see the size of the largest kernel symbols:
nm --size -r vmlinux
[tbird@crest ebony]$ nm --size -r vmlinux | head -10 00008000 b read_buffers 00004000 b __log_buf 00003100 B ide_hwifs 000024f8 T jffs2_garbage_collect_pass 00002418 T journal_commit_transaction 00002400 b futex_queues 000021a8 t jedec_probe_chip 00002000 b write_buf 00002000 D init_thread_union 00001e6c t tcp_ack
How to measure the memory usage at runtime
See Runtime Memory Measurement for a description of ways to measure runtime memory usage in Linux.
Also, see Accurate Memory Measurement for a description of techniques (and patches) which can be used to measure the runtime memory more accurately.
Linux size increase from 2.4 to 2.6
Linux increased in size by between 10% and 30% from version 2.4 to 2.6. This incremental growth in kernel size has been a big concern by forum members.
Please see the Szwg Linux 26Data page for supporting data.
GCC Code-Size Benchmarking
CSiBE is a code size benchmark for the GCC compiler. The primary purpose of CSiBE is to monitor the size of the code generated by GCC. In addition, compilation time and code performance measurements are also provided.
Case Studies
- Motorola reduction of system size (presumably for cell phones) using 2.4 Linux: MotSizeReduction.ppt - this is a placeholder for this Powerpoint as it was too big to upload to the wiki. Email btraynor at gmail.com if you need it immediately.
Other Tidbits on System Size
Memory leak detection for the kernel
Catalin Marinas of ARM has been recently (as of 2.6.17?) been posting a memory leak detector for the Linux kernel. It may get mainlined in the future. Here's a link to the LKML discussions around it: http://lkml.org/lkml/2006/6/11/39
How System Size may affect performance
It has long been theorized that reducing system size could provide a performance benefit because it could reduce cache misses. There does not appear to be hard data to support this theory on Linux, but this has been discussed on the kernel mailing list.


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Published November 07. 2012 12:35AM | Updated November 07. 2012 12:38AM
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USB Networking
From Openmoko
(→Option A - Tested with FC8 & FC5) |
(→Option A - Tested with FC9, FC8 & FC5) |
Line 460: | Line 460: | ||
if your '''openmoko''' is connected when you restart network you should see system message: | if your '''openmoko''' is connected when you restart network you should see system message: | ||
− | Bringing up interface usb0 [OK] | + | Bringing up interface usb0 [OK] |
=== Option B === | === Option B === |
Revision as of 17:55, 9 December 2008
Openmoko Networking Setup
In order to communicate via TCP/IP to your FreeRunner, a basic understanding of the networking expectations is required. Each end of the USB connection forms a LAN (local area network) segment, with the FreeRunner's USB networking device at one end (default 192.168.0.202) and your laptop or desktop at the other end (192.168.0.200 in this guide).
Normally, your desktop machine will know how to reach the Internet, having had its gateway (the IP address of the machine or device which knows how to send packets to machines beyond your subnet) configured via DHCP or statically (probably via a router). For the FreeRunner to reach the Internet, your desktop will have to be configured to route and masquerade (NAT) packets from it.
Normally, none of this is an issue, but problems can arise when the subnet between the FreeRunner and your desktop overlap with the desktop to the router (which forms a second LAN), since your desktop might not know how to route traffic properly.
In other words: if your existing router and desktop have addresses 192.168.0.(something) changing them to e.g. 192.168.1.(something) might save you a lot of troubleshooting later. A discussion of this is here.
Simple Manual Linux Configuration
Try this first (as root on your desktop, with FreeRunner attached via USB cable and booted properly, not at the Boot Menu). If it works, then you can add permanent configuration or use more sophisticated setups below.
The shortest way
This simple way has been tested with many Linux distributions (Fedora, SuSE, Red Hat, Debian and others) and network configurations. It was even successfully applied to connect another Linux based handhelds like TDS Nomad and surely can be recommended as the first attempt. The way assumes that you have the recent Linux distribution with USB networking enabled and also rather typical network setup.
With the device connected configure usb0 interface (as root):
ifconfig usb0 192.168.0.200 netmask 255.255.255.0
If your eth0 interface is also in the same 'range' (e.g. 192.168.0.105) then you can do the following:
1. ping the Neo with
# ping -I usb0 192.168.0.202
2. log in to the Neo (you do not need to be a root on the desktop host just to log in).
# ssh email@example.com
The default password is blank.
Do not forget to adjust your firewall so that you can connect to the device. Also, some old or narrowly configured Linux distributions may not have USB networking support. For such cases the simple way might be just to upgrade.
The more advanced way
If the previously described simple approach does not work, you may try the more complex one.
iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.0.0/24 sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 ip addr add 192.168.0.200/24 dev usb0
If your Internet connection is also in the range 192.168.0.x then instead you might want to use only:
ip addr add 192.168.0.200/28 dev usb0
(This will just map the net from 192.168.0.192 to 192.168.0.207 onto usb0. If you get the error 'Cannot find device "usb0"', double-check that your FreeRunner is turned on and connected by USB. If that doesn't work, try unplugging and replugging the USB cable.)
And in this case you should enable ARP proxy on internet facing interface INSTEAD of using iptables:
sysctl net.ipv4.conf.eth2.proxy_arp=1
This assuming that eth2 is connected to ISP.
ifconfig usb0 up
Then (ideally, not as root):
ssh firstname.lastname@example.com
The default password is blank.
Due to the fact that in most cases your Neo will use the same dns servers as your computer uses, you can automate the process of writing dns servers to your phone:
#!/bin/sh /sbin/route add -host 192.168.0.202/32 dev usb0 iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.0.0/24 iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 su `whoami` -c "scp /etc/resolv.conf email@example.com:/etc/resolv.conf"
Again if your net already is 192.168.0.0, replace the POSTROUTING statement with
iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.0.0/28
This simple script will set up routing for your Freerunner and than copy resolv.conf with dns addresses straight to the phone. All you have to do is connect phone to the computer, run the script and enjoy internet connection from your phone.
Linux Kernel Support
Your Linux desktop/laptop needs to have suitable support, in particular, you will need to have enabled full masquerading in the kernel and USB networking options enabled. For default kernels in many Linux distributions, this will already be the case. If not, you will need to enable:
Both USB networking options are available in the
Device Drivers -> USB support -> USB Network Adapters
Device Drivers -> Network Device Support -> USB Network Adapters -> Multipurpose USB Networking Framework.
For more info see the usbnet driver homepage.
Masquerading options (tested on Linux 184.108.40.206) are found in:
Networking ---> Networking options --->
To see the other options, enable
- CONFIG_NETFILTER (Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter))
Then, from
Networking ---> Networking options ---> [*] Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter) ---> Core Netfilter Configuration --->
You need at least following options enabled as modules:
- CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK (Netfilter connection tracking support)
- CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_FTP (FTP protocol support)
- CONFIG_NETFILTER_XTABLES (Netfilter Xtables support)
Rest of the needed options are found from
Networking ---> Networking options ---> [*] Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter) ---> IP: Netfilter Configuration --->
You need to enable (again, as modules is fine):
- CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_IPV4 (IPv4 connection tracking support (required for NAT))
- CONFIG_IP_NF_IPTABLES (IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT))
- CONFIG_NF_NAT (Full NAT)
- CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE (MASQUERADE target support)
Firewall Issues
On some systems, you may have firewall rules which prevent this working - such as added by the iptables service on Fedora. You may care to stop these, and/or review any rules or policies you think might cause issues.
The most relevant table is the nat table, which controls translation of addresses:
iptables -L -t nat -v -n
Unless you have a special setup, you'll want to see only the MASQUERADE rule that you apply below, and ACCEPT as the default policy. Also look at the filter table:
iptables -L -t filter -v -n
If this contains anything in the FORWARD chain, then this may prevent passing packets. It can be flushed with:
iptables -t filter -F FORWARD
In addition to routing issues, to be practical, DNS will need to work. In some cases, you might already be running a DNS server on your desktop such as dnsmasq or bind9, which is the default assumption the FreeRunner makes. In other cases, you'll need to configure DNS to that of your router, or a DNS server further out on the internet such as that provided by your ISP.
Configure Default Neo DNS
DNS is configured in /etc/resolv.conf on your FreeRunner.
You should add the IP address of the DNS servers as provided by your ISP. Check your router's or PC's network status for the nameserver IP addresses.
echo nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx > /etc/resolv.conf
You can also add the public DNS server called openDNS:
echo nameserver 188.8.131.52 > /etc/resolv.conf echo nameserver 18.104.22.168 >> /etc/resolv.conf
These settings will be lost on reboot. You can set the DNS for the next connect, by adding the following to the end of the usb0 setting in /etc/network/interfaces, right above the bluetooth networking section:
up echo nameserver 188.8.131.52 > /etc/resolv.conf up echo nameserver 184.108.40.206 >> /etc/resolv.conf
Proxying DNS from Desktop/Laptop
If you move about, making assumptions about the network may not be convenient, and it is possible to proxy DNS requests via your host laptop (which you are also taking with you), without running or installing a DNS server. There are a number of ways to do this:
Proxying with dnrd
The script is designed to use dnrd as the DNS proxy. The script and a copy of dnrd are available. The script also performs the initial setup of the connection as per the USB_Networking#Manual_method above.
Proxying with a UDP forwarder
Another easy setup is using a UDP forwarder like the one from http://www.tapor.com/udpf/ - use it with the command"
udpf-elf -p=53-f=`awk '$1 == "nameserver"{print $2; exit(0);}' /etc/resolv.conf`:53
Proxying with iptables
It is possible to forward DNS requests with iptables using the DNAT target:
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -s 192.168.0.202 -d 192.168.0.200 --dport domain -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.1 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp -s 192.168.0.202 -d 192.168.0.200 --dport domain -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.1
Where 192.168.0.1 is the IP of your router.
Test if it works:
ping www.google.com
If so, then this is sufficient for most internet access. But manual changes to resolv.conf are usually lost later if for example one uses DHCP, especially for WiFi, and so may not be convenient to configure manually.
Testing Your Connection
You should be able to connect to your Neo! Make sure you can ping your Neo to be sure. ping 192.168.0.202
Then log into your Neo using ssh: ssh firstname.lastname@example.com The default password is blank (press enter).
You can also scp files back and forth. You can telnet, SSH, SMB or do whatever you want if you install software that enables you to set up TCP/IP network over your USB connection.
Now, make sure you can ping back to your desktop ping 192.168.0.200 (Note that some systems like Vista, don't respond to ICMP ping by default)
Try pinging the outside world (a Google IP address) ping 126.96.36.199 This demonstrates that masquerading is working - your desktop is sending/receiving packets to the wider internet.
Lastly, verify that DNS is correctly configured between the Neo & Network: ping www.google.com
OS or Distro Specific & Automatic Configuration
Based on Hotplugging usbnet by Marcin 'Hrw' Juszkiewicz. These instructions should keep you from having to run the Simple Manual Linux Configuration every time you plug in and want to connect to an Openmoko device. One run and then you're done!
If the Simple Manual Linux Configuration does not work for your OS or Distro (MacOS X, MS Windows, etc) there may be instructions here that work for you.
MacOS X
See Windows USB Ethernet emulation for Neo1973.
There is also a very helpful tutorial for connecting with Vista at [1].
You need to load the cdce kernel module (if it is not already linked into your kernel). As root do:
- kldload cdce
The Neo should then show up as cdce0 interface and you can handle the cdce0 interface just like the usb0 device under Linux. For more information see the cdce manpage. An easy way to assign the IP address to the cdce0 interface is using the devd(8) daemon. Create the following two files,
/usr/local/etc/devd/cdce.conf as:
notify 1 { match "system" "IFNET"; match "subsystem" "cdce0"; match "type" "ATTACH"; action "/usr/local/etc/devd/cdce.sh $subsystem $type"; };
and /usr/local/etc/devd/cdce.sh as:
- !/bin/sh
case $2 in 'ATTACH') ifconfig cdce0 192.168.0.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 exit 0 ;
esac exit 0
Then restart the devd(8) daemon with:
- /etc/rc.d/devd restart
If you now plugin the FreeRunner into the USB port the cdce0 interface gets created and the IP addr will be assigned.
Debian, Ubuntu and others
Edit /etc/network/interfaces and add:
# freerunner allow-hotplug usb0 iface usb0 inet static address 192.168.0.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.0.0 up iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.0.0/24 & up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward & up iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT & down iptables -D POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.0.0/24 &
This is more sophisticated than the manual setup. The 'auto usb' stanza ties into the Linux hotplug system so that when the device appears and vanishes, as happens when the FreeRunner is connected via USB, this is run.
In addition, the desktop-side netmask is limited to a much smaller range, so that overlapping subnets are less of a problem - Linux will use more specific routes first when deciding where to send packets.
Another possible configuration that adds DNS forward and removes the iptables changes after unplugging:
in /etc/network/interfaces add
# freerunner allow-hotplug usb0 iface usb0 inet static address 192.168.0.200 netmask 255.255.255.192 post-up /etc/network/freerunner start pre-down /etc/network/freerunner stop
create file /etc/network/freerunner
#!/bin/sh # # configures the freerunner for internet # # DEVICE=usb0 IPADDR=192.168.0.200 REMOTE_IPADDR=192.168.0.202 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # get first ip for dns DNSIP=$(awk '$1 == "nameserver"{print $2; exit(0);}' /etc/resolv.conf) case "$1" in start) iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s $REMOTE_IPADDR iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -p tcp -s $REMOTE_IPADDR -d $IPADDR --dport domain -j DNAT --to-destination $DNSIP iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -p udp -s $REMOTE_IPADDR -d $IPADDR --dport domain -j DNAT --to-destination $DNSIP if [ "$(cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward)" = "0" ]; then echo "temoprarely allow ip_forward for openmoko" > /var/run/openmoko.ip_forward echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward fi ;; stop) iptables -D POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s $REMOTE_IPADDR iptables -D PREROUTING -t nat -p tcp -s $REMOTE_IPADDR -d $IPADDR --dport domain -j DNAT --to-destination $DNSIP iptables -D PREROUTING -t nat -p udp -s $REMOTE_IPADDR -d $IPADDR --dport domain -j DNAT --to-destination $DNSIP if [ -f /var/run/openmoko.ip_forward ]; then rm /var/run/openmoko.ip_forward echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward fi ;; esac
Make /etc/network/freerunner executable with chmod +x /etc/network/freerunner
It is possible to use network-manager to automatically connect to the Freerunner using udev. The process uses udev to run a script when the Frerunner is plugged in. The script uses the ip command to set the mac address of the usb network interface. To begin, create /etc/udev/rules.d/80-freerunner.rules :
# This file causes programs to be run on device insertion. # See udev(7) for syntax. # rule to assign a fixed mac address specified in / KERNEL=="usb[0-9]*", DRIVERS=="cdc_ether", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/usr/local/sbin/freerunner-usb-add.sh %k"
Next, create the /usr/local/sbin/freerunner-usb-add.sh :
#!/bin/sh ( busNum=$( printf %.2d $( expr match "$1" "usb\([0-9]*\)") ) ip link set "$1" address 00:00:22:55:bb:$busNum &> /dev/null ) & exit 0
Finally run "chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/freerunner-usb-add.sh" to make it executable. Now you can use network-manager with mac-address specific settings and get it to automatically connect.
Ubuntu Issues
Ubuntu 8.10 doesn't work as expected if you used /etc/network/interfaces to automate the connection. Network manager likes to latch onto the network device and add a default route through 192.168.0.202, breaking your network connection. Network manager also says you can't edit or remove this connection from its list. I'm going back to making the connection manually.
Ubuntu Feisty, Gutsy and Hardy reportedly have a bug where ifdown is not run when the interface is unplugged, meaning this only works once after the system is booted. This is mentioned at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ifupdown/+bug/130437
One can patch /etc/udev/rules.d/85-ifupdown.rules. Moving the DRIVERS=="*?" out of the top GOTO, to ACTION=="add" line fixes the problem.
SUBSYSTEM=="net", GOTO="net_start" GOTO="net_end" LABEL="net_start" # Bring devices up and down only if they're marked auto. # Use start-stop-daemon so we don't wait on dhcp ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/start-stop-daemon --start --background --pidfile /var/run/network/bogus --startas /sbin/ifup -- --allow auto $env{INTERFACE}" ACTION=="remove", RUN+="/sbin/start-stop-daemon --start --background --pidfile /var/run/network/bogus --startas /sbin/ifdown -- --allow auto $env{INTERFACE}" LABEL="net_end"
The bug is that the DRIVERS variable isn't set at all when the device is unplugged.
This appears to be fixed in Ubuntu 8.04 Mattt 11:38, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
- Actually it appears that it's not fixed, but patching that file and disconnecting and reconnecting the phone works perfectly. --Johndoesacc 18:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC)
- Well, yes, it must be fixed because it worked for me out-of-the-box without tweaking the udev rule on 8.04 --EtienneG November 26th, 2008
Ubuntu Workaround
Use wicd instead of networkmanager: It is much further in development than networkmanager yet and doesn't make any problems with USB networking. You can use the "normal" settings in /network/interfaces. Note: Because of it's dependencies it deinstalls networkmanager.
This first file configures the network system for the usb0 interface. Any time you plug in the FreeRunner the interface will be configured.
DEVICE=usb0 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.0.200 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.0.0 BROADCAST=192.168.0.255 ONBOOT=yes METRIC=10 MII_NOT_SUPPORTED=no USERCTL=yes
This next file configures the static routes that we need to communicate to the subnet. Since it has "usb0" in the name, the system will automatically apply these static routes any time that the usb0 interface is configured. (i.e. when you connect the FreeRunner)
Now we need to restart the network system to pick up the changes.
service network restart
This didn't work for me (Mandriva 2008.1), giving errors from Shorewall. However, simply using MCC, Network->Sharing Internet Access worked fine. You need to connect Neo when starting it. --Alih 18:50, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
- USB configuration for PDAs (openmoko)
IPADDR=192.168.0.200 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 STARTMODE=onboot
For more information on getting USB networking up using YaST, see USB Networking with openSUSE.
Option A - Tested with FC9, FC8 & FC5
edit file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-usb0 to look like this:
# USB configuration for PDAs (openmoko) # from http://www.handhelds.org/moin/moin.cgi/UsbNet DEVICE=usb0 BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.0.200 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ONBOOT=yes
and restart networking service by typing:
service network restart
if your openmoko is connected when you restart network you should see system message:
Bringing up interface usb0 [OK]
Option B
This setup is probably over-complex:
DEVICE=usb0 IPADDR=192.168.0.200 NETMASK=255.255.255.0
#!/bin/bash ./etc/init.d/functions cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts ../network-functions [ -f ../network ] && . ../network CONFIG=${1} need_config ${CONFIG} source_config NETBITS=`ipcalc -p ${IPADDR} ${NETMASK} | awk -F'=' '{print $2;}'` /sbin/ip addr flush dev ${DEVICE} 2>/dev/null /sbin/ip link set dev ${DEVICE} up /sbin/ip addr add dev ${DEVICE} ${IPADDR}/${NETBITS} /sbin/iptables -I POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s ${IPADDR}/${NETBITS} /sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 /sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -s ${IPADDR}/${NETBITS} -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -d ${IPADDR}/${NETBITS} -j ACCEPT
Set /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-usb:
#!/bin/bash ./etc/init.d/functions cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts ../network-functions [ -f ../network ] && . ../network CONFIG=${1} need_config ${CONFIG} source_config NETBITS=`ipcalc -p ${IPADDR} ${NETMASK} | awk -F'=' '{print $2;}'` /sbin/iptables -D FORWARD -d ${IPADDR}/${NETBITS} -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -D FORWARD -s ${IPADDR}/${NETBITS} -j ACCEPT /sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=0 /sbin/iptables -D POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s ${IPADDR}/${NETBITS} /sbin/ip link set dev ${DEVICE} down /sbin/ip addr flush dev ${DEVICE} 2>/dev/null
If you are using NetworkManager, restart it and enable the usb device from its menu, otherwise it will disable your connection shortly after you enable it.
/sbin/service NetworkManager restart
Option C - tested on F9
(worked on FC8 too, can this be called "tested"?)
Plug in the usb cable. NetworkManager should detect the phone automatically but you should ignore it. Open Network Configuration tool (System -> Administration -> Network) and perform following steps:
- Click New button on top bar
- Click Forward
- Select OpenMoko from device list
- Click Forward
- Select 'Statically set IP address:' and enter address: 192.168.0.200, netmask 255.255.255.0 (or use 255.255.255.240 if you want only route ip range 192.168.0.192-192.168.0.207). Leave gateway empty.
- Click Forward
- Click Apply to close add dialog
- Select newly added usb0 device from the device list.
- Click Edit button on top bar
- You might want to remove a tick from 'Activate device when computer starts' check box.
- Click Ok to close window dialog.
Save settings and close the window.
Open Firewall Configuration (System -> Administration -> Firewall) and enable masquerading:
- Select Masquerading from left panel
- Check device(s) which you'd like to share internet connection. Typically eth0 or wlan0.
- Click Apply and close application
Open terminal and perform (as root user):
- ifdown usb0
- ifup usb0
The first command will remove any existing settings given by the NetworkManager and second command brings the device up with appropriate settings.
Now you should be able to ping e.g. 188.8.131.52 [www.google.com] from OpenMoko. Configure /etc/resolv.conf and you should have full a internet access.
If Network Configuration tool cannot see the the usb0 try to unplug the usb cable for a few seconds and wait until the NetworkManager finds it again.
NetworkManager will assign a new ip address for the OpenMoko if link goes down for a while. You can fix this by issuing ifup usb0 again.
Red Hat or Similar (tested with Workstation 5)
Edit /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/net.hotplug:
After this command:
case $INTERFACE in # interfaces that are registered after being "up" (?)
usb0) ifconfig usb0 192.168.0.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 route add 192.168.0.202 usb0 iptables -I INPUT 1 -s 192.168.0.202 -j ACCEPT iptables -I OUTPUT 1 -s 192.168.0.200 -j ACCEPT iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.0.0/24 echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward exit 0 ;;
Open /etc/conf.d/net and add:
- Neo
config_usb0=( "192.168.0.200 netmask 255.255.255.0" ) routes_usb0=( "192.168.0.202/32 via 192.168.0.200" )
Create a new init script:
cd /etc/init.d ln -s net.lo net.usb0
Manual Configuration
Put iptables into use:
iptables -I INPUT 1 -s 192.168.0.202 -j ACCEPT iptables -I OUTPUT 1 -s 192.168.0.200 -j ACCEPT iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.0.0/24
Store them:
/etc/init.d/iptables save
If you want the routing by default:
rc-update add iptables default
You must also inform the kernel, to start forwarding.
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Automatic Configuration
One way to automate all this is to create /etc/conf.d/net.usb0 as follows. It sets IP forwarding and the iptables rules all in one go. It removes the iptables rules and disables ip forwarding when the FreeRunner is unplugged.
preup() { echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -I INPUT 1 -s 192.168.0.202 -j ACCEPT iptables -I OUTPUT 1 -s 192.168.0.200 -j ACCEPT iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.0.0/24 return 0 }
postdown() { echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -D INPUT -s 192.168.0.202 -j ACCEPT iptables -D OUTPUT -s 192.168.0.200 -j ACCEPT iptables -D POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.0.0/24 return 0 }
Slackware (tested with 12.1)
Following is based on Enrico Zini's solution.
Create a new udev rules file /etc/udev/rules.d/91-openmoko.rules:
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="1457", ATTRS{idProduct}=="5122", RUN+="/sbin/om-usb $env{INTERFACE} start" SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="remove", ENV{INTERFACE}=="usb[0-9]", RUN+="/sbin/om-usb $env{INTERFACE} stop"
Then create the script /sbin/om-usb:
#!/bin/sh INTERFACE=$1 ACTION=$2 # udev fails silently when the script fails, e.g. due to commands not # being found PATH=/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin case $ACTION in 'start') # Put all your setup here ;; 'stop') # Put all your tear down here ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" exit 1 ;; esac
The INTERFACE will be usb0 in most cases.
Following is based on furester's solution.
Install package openmoko-usb-networking from AUR:
$ yaourt -S openmoko-usb-networking
SSH Extras
Reportedly, the ssh daemon (dropbear 0.49) on the FreeRunner appears to have a bug when sending the exit status back to the client. From time to time you receive an exit status of 255.
To avoid ssh adding a new line for every ssh host-key to your known_hosts you can add the following to the phone section in ~/.ssh/config (or see the snippet at : USB Networking#Changing_host_keys bellow)
UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
You might want to use keys to bypass the login prompt too.
SSH Keys
From desktop to FreeRunner
To generate ssh keys for use as a login mechanism type:
user@host$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
When prompted for a password either hit enter for no password (not really a good idea) or enter a password for this key. ssh into the phone and create ~/.ssh:
root@phone# mkdir ~/.ssh
Then from your desktop copy the .pub file to the phone.
user@host$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@phone:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
You should now be able to ssh directly into the phone without a password prompt using a command like 'ssh root@phone' from the account user@host because the public key in the file user@host:~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub is contained in the list of keys which have access in the file root@phone:~/.ssh/authorized_keys (since scp is used, only one key exists, but you can grant access to the phone from more than one account, for example user@host, user@laptop).
To make ssh login as root by default, add the following lines to ~/.ssh/config:
Host phone User root
Replace phone with the hostname or ip of your phone. You should now be able to ssh into the phone without having to type root@ every time.
To disable password logins (after setting up key access) edit /etc/init.d/dropbear and change the following line:
You will need to restart dropbear for this to take effect.
From FreeRunner to Desktop
Generate the key:
dropbearkey -t rsa -f id_rsa
The output will look something like this:
Will output 1024 bit rsa secret key to 'id_rsa' Generating key, this may take a while... Public key portion is: ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nza[...] Fingerprint: md5 ca:e8:f0:b7:f6:7b:c2:b6:b9:71:e4:45:86:a9:ff:b8
Copy and paste the one line (in this example, starting with 'ssh-rsa' onto the end of the host's authorized_keys file (often in ~/.ssh/).
From the phone, ssh with -i:
ssh -i id_rsa user@host
Changing host keys
If you reflash, your hosts keys will change. Try this ~/.ssh/config snippet:
Host moko HostName 192.168.0.202 StrictHostKeyChecking no UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null User root
This is suggested because ssh on your desktop may complain if the key matching a certain IP changes (stored in .ssh/known_hosts). Now you have set this, you can issue the following command to connect to your moko :
ssh root@moko
GUI on desktop through SSH
To get the GUI on the FreeRunner onto the desktop via USB, you can use ssh as follows:
ssh -l root -X -v 192.168.0.202
Using this, run openmoko-finger-demo for example, and it will open up on the desktop. To get landscape view, just resize the GUI window on the desktop.
If you get an error like this: dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ExecFailed: dbus-launch failed to autolaunch D-Bus session: Autolaunch requested, but X11 support not compiled in. you need to set the DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment variable to the value on the FreeRunner before launching the process from your desktop. You can find the value of this variable by using a command such as ps auxwwwwe | grep -m 1 DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS Note that you must run that command on the FreeRunner. Back on your desktop, run the process you want with the env command like this: env DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=dbus_address process #(isn't the "env" redundant here?)
Display Remote Applications on FreeRunner
To get desktop apps to show up on your FreeRunner, first log in:
ssh -l root 192.168.0.202
Then run:
DISPLAY=:0 xhost +192.168.0.200
After this you can close the ssh session. Back on the desktop computer, run:
DISPLAY=openmoko:0 xclock
Note that the xhost command will allow remote applications on 192.168.0.200 to access the X server. It will allow anyone on the desktop machine to access the X server of the neo, including snooping anything you type on it. To disallow remote applications again, run this in the neo:
DISPLAY=:0 xhost -192.168.0.200
After you get the SSH connection working, it is possible to use Konqueror, Nautilus or another sftp - enabled tool to browse the phone filesystem and deploy the test applications. Just enter sftp://firstname.lastname@example.com into address bar.
Automated setup network and mounting partitions
See Ubuntu bug report in launchpad.
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Main Content
- Quiksilver ultra lightweight 4-way stretch boardshort
- Quiksilver engineered print
- 22" Outseam
- Sewn-in bungee lanyard to hold keys or wax comb in pocket
- Side pocket with hook & loop fastener closure
- Quiksilver embroidery
- 100% Polyester fabric
- Imported
- Hook & loop fastener at fly
- Quiksilver logo insert at back waist
- Tie front with four Quiksilver grommets
- Brand: Quiksilver
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