text:
Chinese Porcelain CafÉ au Lait (Set of 4)
Final Sale
China was the birthplace of porcelain more than 2,000 years ago, and its legacy of producing the world's finest porcelain continues today. We went back to the source, seeking out China's most esteemed artisans to create our dinnerware collection – defined by perfect proportions, clean lines and distinctive color glazing. The pieces are individually hand dipped, an artisanal process that creates organic variations in color that are unique to each piece and every place setting. Made from an exclusive blend of premium clays, the pieces are kiln-fired at 1300°C to enhance their inherent durability and strength. This is porcelain in the great Chinese tradition.
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- 4" diam., 3½"H; 16.8 fl. oz.
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Chinese Porcelain CafÉ au Lait (Set of 4) - 4" diam., 3½"H; 16.8 fl. oz.
Final Sale
Chinese Porcelain Coffee Mug (Set of 4) - 3" diam., 4¼"H; 17.8 fl. oz.
$13 - $19
Final Sale
$10 - $15
Chinese Porcelain Double Espresso (Set of 4) - 3¼" diam., 2¾"H; 7.3 fl. oz.
$10 - $17
Final Sale
$8 - $13


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Order Line 0330 123 4123
Product Code: 117353
110cm Cookmaster dual fuel cream range cooker.
110cm Cookmaster dual fuel cream range cooker.
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All Jackets - Women's
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The Federal Government will Become America's Model Employer for the 21st Century.
Recruit, Retain and Honor a World-Class Workforce to Serve the American People.
Review the Federal Employees Group Life Insurance (FEGLI) Handbook
Answering your questions about Healthcare and Insurance
Human Resources and Security Specialists should use this tool to determine the correct investigation level for any covered position within the U.S. Federal Government.
OPM's Human Resources Solutions organization can help your agency answer this critically important question.
Developing senior leaders in the U.S. Government through Leadership for a Democratic Society, Custom Programs and Interagency Courses.
Visit this federal site to search for our regulatory notices, proposed and final rules.
See the latest tweets on our Twitter feed, like our Facebook pages, watch our YouTube videos, and page through our Flickr photos.
Using her own career as illustration, Acting Director Elaine Kaplan gave career advice for women in the federal government at last week's White House Summit on Women in Leadership. "Today we recognize that we gain strength from including women fully, at every level of responsibility. Your career path in the Federal government should depend on your ability to do the job, not your gender. You deserve to be held to the same standard as men – and to be paid the same for the work you do." From left to right: Stacia A Hylton, Pat Shiu, Ellen Malcolm, Robin R. Braun USOPM Photo By: Timothy Grant (6/5/2013)


text:
NEW YORK – Rhode Island was ranked the worst state for business in the United States for the second year in a row on CNBC's America's Top State for Business 2012 report.
The news source scored all 50 states on 43 measures of competitiveness and separated those metrics into 10 broad categories – cost of doing business, workforce, quality of life, economy, transportation and infrastructure, technology and innovation, education, business friendliness, access to capital, and cost of living.
The categories were weighted based on how frequently they were cited in state economic development marketing materials.
Out of a possible 2,500 points, Rhode Island earned 844. Comparatively, Texas, which landed the top spot in the report, earned 1,604 points.
"Rhode Island didn't just finish last in our rankings. With just 844 out of 2,500 possible points, the Ocean State was pretty much under water," said CNBC correspondent Scott Cohn.
The Ocean State ranked dead last in the transportation category, 49th in both business friendliness and economy, 46th for workforce, 45th for cost of doing business and 44th for cost of living. In the technology and innovation category, Rhode Island ranked 37th across the U.S.
On the plus side, Rhode Island ranked 10th in the access to capital category and 23rd in both education and quality of life.
"Economic growth in the state resumed last year, but just barely. Gross domestic product rose 0.8 percent, according to the Commerce Department. That compares with growth rates of 2 percent in neighboring Connecticut and 2.2 percent in Massachusetts," added Cohn.
Well deserved RI. Three cheers for the general assembly. Business geniuses all. Maybe time to vote for some new folks that actually have some business skills?
Nah...lets just keep spending like drunken sailors.
Take the Dudley challenge. Winner gets a free beer.
1. Pretend you are a successful business located outside RI and looking to relocate to another state.
2. Now read the article above.
3. Now tell me why you would decide to locate your growing business in RI.
The most creative answer wins the beer. A RI beer of course, Gansett or Newport Storm.
We've known for years about the ruined highway system, wildly imbalanced tax system, and unprepared workforce.
Gov. Chafee, Gordon Fox and Teresa Paiva-Weed both owe the state a clear explanation for why nothing has been done about these problems.
Why are R.I. highways not being maintained? Why do other states with higher taxes rank very well in this survey? (In other words, why is R.I.'s tax system so complicated and imbalanced?) Finally, why is R.I. gutting public-school budgets, when Education is one of the few areas in which this survey says performance is satisfactory?
Tuesday, March 21
Thursday, March 23
Wednesday, March 22


text:
From Openmoko
(Another testimonial) |
(→Environment) |
Line 105: | Line 105: | ||
OM_GIT_BRANCH := org.openmoko.asu.stable # ASU stable | OM_GIT_BRANCH := org.openmoko.asu.stable # ASU stable | ||
OM_GIT_BRANCH := org.openembedded.dev # FSO | OM_GIT_BRANCH := org.openembedded.dev # FSO | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note that if you want to build FSO, you should change OM_GIT_SITE to git.openembedded.net as well, since FSO is developed in the OpenEmbedded repository, not the Openmoko repository. | ||
Set up the environment with: | Set up the environment with: |
Revision as of 07:36, 12 August 2008
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MokoMakefile is a Makefile which saves lots of work when setting up an Openmoko build environment. By automating the setup process of a new Openmoko build environment, it provides an environment which is configured the same for all the existing developers and should therefore be preferred over manual procedures or individual setup procedures. It brings the same repeatability to build environment creation and maintenance as that which the BitBake scripts bring to OpenEmbedded ease and standardize the process of building OpenEmbedded.
Unlike the manual process described at Building Openmoko from scratch, MokoMakefile does not install anything into your system (it can and should be started as normal user). MokoMakefile is a wrapper around all that is required to make it easy to set up and maintain a development environment that fully complies with the setup instructions published by Openmoko.
MokoMakefile is developed by Rod Whitby - it is not an official product of Openmoko (although I would be happy for them to pick it up and use it internally). If there is any discrepancy between the official Openmoko build instructions, and the operation of the MokoMakefile, then you should consider the official instructions to be correct.
The MokoMakefile is able to build both OM-2007.2 and QTopia-X11 images.
MokoMakefile also builds the QEMU-based Neo1973 emulator as part of the build process and has make targets to install the Openmoko images into it and run it. These commands can also be used without downloading and building the whole Openmoko OpenEmbedded distribution. This part is described in Using QEMU with MokoMakefile.
Contents |
Requirements for building Openmoko
Independent on whether MokoMakefile or a manual process is used to setup an Openmoko build environment, there are several requirements which must be fulfilled in order for the Openmoko build to succeed:
- RAM: The build host needs to have at least 512MB of RAM, and about the same amount of swap. Some packages built by OpenEmbedded like busybox are built by compiling all source files into one binary which causes gcc to grow beyond 300MB of size and no part of this memory may be on swap for the compile to finish in predictable time. For busybox, this can be turned off, but turning this off means that busybox will not as well optimized by gcc.
- Disk space: You need about 12 GB of available disk space for the Openmoko build to succeed (see below for a tip on how to reduce this).
- Time: The initial build takes at least 5 hours (on 2GHz core2duo without multiprocessor optimization) and may take several days on slower machines.
Required software
Some distribution specific hints on preparing your build host for building OpenEmbedded are on http://wiki.openembedded.net/index.php/OEandYourDistro but they may be outdated, incomplete and do not cover everything which Openmoko needs to build.
A good guide is the section on build host prerequisites in Building Openmoko from scratch
If you forgot anything which OE needs itself, OE will tell you shortly after you start building, but it does not check build dependencies of Openmoko, so you either have to install them before starting or install them after the build failed. OpenEmbedded will continue where it stopped when you restart the build afterwards.
Package requirements by distribution
Your distribution needs to provide these commands in order for OpenEmbedded to start building:
subversion texi2html texinfo help2man
Openmoko needs the development packages (with header files, development libraries and tools) in order to finish building:
ncurses zlib (or libz) OpenSSL GTK++
Because there are bugs in the interaction of QEMU and GCC-4, you'll need a copy of gcc-3.x installed as well.
Debian / Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install subversion build-essential help2man diffstat texi2html texinfo cvs gawk zip unzip cogito
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libgtk2.0-dev # To prevent errors in host validation sudo apt-get install ca-certificates # For Openmoko 2007.2 using BitBake-1.8.8: sudo apt-get install python-pysqlite2 sqlite3 sqlite3-doc python-pysqlite2-dbg # For building faster sudo apt-get install quilt python-psyco ccache # For qemu, install a second compiler for bug avoidance; MokoMakefile knows to look for it. sudo apt-get install gcc-3.4 g++-3.4 libsdl1.2-dev lynx netpbm dosfstools
# On Ubuntu 8.04, the following was required instead of cogito sudo apt-get install git-core # Ubuntu links /bin/sh to /bin/dash, but some scripts fail because they use pushd and popd, which dash does not support sudo rm /bin/sh sudo ln -s /bin/bash /bin/sh
# This may be needed only for ASU sudo apt-get install libxtst-dev
For building Openmoko on 10.3, you need
gcc-c++ ncurses-devel zlib-devel libopenssl-devel gtk2-devel subversion diffstat texinfo help2man
For MokoMakefile to not fail on compiling qemu-user, you need to use gcc33:
wget download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/tools:/gcc/openSUSE_Factory/i586/{cpp,gcc}33-3.3.3-41.8.i586.rpm rpm -Uhv {cpp,gcc}33-3.3.3-41.8.i586.rpm
See also the Talk page on Building on SuSE Linux 10.3-AMD64
10.1 and 10.2: same packages as 10.3, but install openssl-devel
instead of libopenssl-devel.
For all distributions
As the QEMU-based neo1973 emulator is also built as part of the build process started by MokoMakefile, so you need gcc-3.3 and other packages for building QEMU installed. See the build requirements section in Using QEMU with MokoMakefile for information on the required software.
If you are having problems compiling QEMU and do not need it, you can disable building of QEMU by adding following line to build/conf/local.conf file:
Users behind a proxy should ensure that their proxy is configured in their wgetrc file as the http_proxy environment variable is unset by MokoMakefile.
Building Openmoko with MokoMakefile
Create your $OMDIR directory (note that you can change ~/moko to any directory you like. If you have your ~moko dir mounted from a different file system, be sure to edit /etc/mtab to add the 'exec' permission to the file system, else bitbake will fail with error messages stating that /usr/bin/env is an invalid interpreter):
mkdir ~/moko ; cd ~/moko
Grab MokoMakefile:
wget http://www.rwhitby.net/files/openmoko/Makefile
If that doesn't work, try
wget http://svn.projects.openmoko.org/svnroot/mokomakefile/trunk/Makefile
NOTE: MokoMakefile uses BitBake 1.8.8 which requires python-sqlite2 and sqlite-3.3 or later. Users of SUSE Linux 10.1 can update to the version of openSUSE 10.2 |
If you want to make the ASU or FSO instead of the OM2007.2, see Distributions, you need to edit your Makefile. Change OM_GIT_BRANCH to one of the following:
OM_GIT_BRANCH := org.openmoko.dev # OM2007.2 (enabled by default) OM_GIT_BRANCH := org.openmoko.asu.dev # ASU OM_GIT_BRANCH := org.openmoko.asu.stable # ASU stable OM_GIT_BRANCH := org.openembedded.dev # FSO
Note that if you want to build FSO, you should change OM_GIT_SITE to git.openembedded.net as well, since FSO is developed in the OpenEmbedded repository, not the Openmoko repository.
Set up the environment with:
make setup
If you are building for the Neo1973 GTA01, then also do this
make setup-machine-neo
If you are building for the Freerunner GTA02, then also do this
make setup-machine-freerunner
Before starting a lengthy make process, check the Tips section below for how to make Make multicore aware. You may want to modify the build/conf/local.conf file for your target (emulation/chroot) environment:
make openmoko-devel-image (or use "make openmoko-qtopia-x11-image" if you're building the ASU) (or use "make fso-image" if you're building the FSO)
Hint: The images build with this command can be found under {$OMDIR}/build/tmp/deploy/images/neo1973
This will set up the recommended directory structure as described in Building Openmoko from scratch, will download all the required software (from the right places with the right versions), and will immediately start building an image.
Once you have done this, you can choose to continue using the MokoMakefile to initiate your subsequent builds, or you can go into the build directory and run bitbake commands manually. The choice is yours.
Updating the environment
For easy maintenance of your build environment the following commands are available.
1 - To update the MokoMakefile to the latest version:
make update-makefile
2 - To make sure that any recent changes to the build directory structure have been applied:
make setup
3 - To update the Openmoko repository checkout and the MokoMakefile patches to the latest version:
make update
A quick way to rebuild a new image with the latest updates:
make update-makefile && make setup update openmoko-devel-image
Build issues
First, make sure that the problem is reproducible after running
make update-makefile && make setup && make update
then run
make clean-package-<foo>
(where you replace <foo> with the name of the package which is failing)
and finally
make openmoko-devel-image
With luck - you should now have images in your $omdir/build/tmp/deploy/glibc/images/neo1973/ directory. You can then flash these.
If not, and you can get the error to occur three times in a row after running that sequence of commands (including the update and setup steps) three times, then feel free to report it to rwhitby in #openmoko on IRC.
If you have chronic build problems, cleaning your environment variables and re-running the build from scratch may help. The following script should remove all non-essential variables; you should also manually trim your path to the minimum.
`env | grep -Ev '^(SHELL|TERM|OLDPWD|USER|USERNAME|PATH|EDITOR|LANG|HOME|DISPLAY|_)=' \ | sed 's/^\(.*\)=.*/unset \1/'`
(you must include the backticks). Note that on some boxes it is necessary to call "make" by typing "/usr/bin/make" afterwards.
On current Ubuntu boxes another trick is necessary:
glibc_2.6.1 fails to build since it is unable to generate the necessary locales until you type in the following line:
sudo sysctl -w vm.mmap_min_addr=0
Note that this temporarily disables a new security vulnerability check that has entered /etc/sysctrl - but that makes problems with loads of applications. To re-enable this check do the following:
sudo sysctl -w vm.mmap_min_addr=65536
See the talk page of this article for more details on this solution.
Known MokoMakefile errors
SVN Server Certificate Errors
If you get an error like the following:
NOTE: Fetch svn://svn.projects.openmoko.org/svnroot/;module=assassin;proto=https Error validating server certificate for 'https://svn.projects.openmoko.org:443': - The certificate is not issued by a trusted authority. Use the fingerprint to validate the certificate manually! Certificate information: - Hostname: projects.openmoko.org - Valid: from Thu, 05 Jun 2008 01:02:42 GMT until Tue, 02 Dec 2008 01:02:42 GMT - Issuer: http://www.cacert.org, Root CA - Fingerprint: a5:7d:4e:37:e8:94:ee:ba:c1:e8:e9:4b:33:cb:34:91:a9:6d:d3:84 (R)eject, accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently? svn: OPTIONS of 'https://svn.projects.openmoko.org/svnroot/assassin': Server certificate verification failed: issuer is not trusted (https://svn.projects.openmoko.org)
It means you haven't yet accepted the server certificate for the SVN server. To remedy this, execute the following commands, and hit "p" (to permanently accept the certificate) when prompted:
cd /tmp svn co https://svn.projects.openmoko.org/svnroot/assassin rm -rf assassin cd -
exposure_svn and Subversion 1.5.0
If you get an error like this:
"NameError: global name 'log' is not defined"
There's a bug with subversion 1.5.0 -- downgrade to 1.4.x (or check out the latest subversion sources and use those as they're fixed) and re-fetch the sources.
Fixes for distribution/environment-specific or isolated issues
Work-arounds for temporary or isolated problems can be found and should be added to the Discussion page which is associated with this page. As they are fixed, they will be removed from that page.
- Make sure umask is set to 0022 before you run "make setup"
- You can reduce the amount of consumed disk space significantly by adding
INHERIT += "rm_work"
in your local.conf (e.g. ~/moko/build/conf/local.conf). This will remove the contents of each build/tmp/work/*/<package> directory after the corresponding package builds correctly. As of 10/16/07, this appears to be present in local.conf by default.
- If a certain package does not build due to corrupted download or some such try to remove the sources and rebuild it.
rm sources/<package>* cd build . ../setup-env bitbake -crebuild <package>
after that your build might just work again.
- For people with multiple CPU's (or dual-core ones) this small patch might be useful to build things faster.
Edit the local.conf and add the following lines:
PARALLEL_MAKE = "-j 4" BB_NUMBER_THREADS = "4"
Change the PARALLEL_MAKE and BB_NUMBER_THREADS values to something that suits better if it chokes your machine.
- I have some problem with the parallel building, mkfs.jffs failed to build the image because the directory was modify while the building of the fs. patrick.hetu 02:19, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
- If you encounter an error related with the qemu-native package and not compiling for the qemu, you can edit the build/conf/local.conf file and add ENABLE_BINARY_LOCALE_GENERATION = "0" line to avoid the error.
- To prevent building tons of locales, add a line like this to local.conf:
GLIBC_GENERATE_LOCALES = "en_US.UTF-8 nl_NL.UTF-8"
- To not build any binary locales at all, add this to local.conf:
- If you want to rebuild the package indexes (for instance, after compiling a new version of a package) without building
, runmake build-package-package-index
User:Wurp will update this to be a little more comprehensible, but maybe it can help someone as-is in the meantime:
- If MokoMakefile always fails on some fetch in zlib, just find the binary somewhere, add it to the downloads or sources directory manually (create the .md5 matching file if necessary), and retry.
- Make sure you do not have . in your PATH, this causes an "unrecognized option -Qy" error when building g++spec
Useful commands
Here is the list (not complete) of useful MokoMakefile commands (actually make targets) and a short description of each one. These should be run inside $OMDIR directory.
- make openmoko-devel-image
- build the full development image
- make openmoko-toolchain
- builds toolchain
- make qemu
- builds qemu, downloads flash images from official repository, flashes qemu emulated Neo1973 and runs emulator (see also Openmoko under QEMU).
- make qemu-local
- same as make qemu, but uses locally built images instead of official ones.
- make run-qemu
- runs qemu with usb keyboard (note: qemu must first be built!). This target starts the emulator with some predefined set of options. If you need to start it with other options (enable telnet, etc), see QEMU_command_line.
- make build-package-<package name>
- buids <package name> package
- make update-makefile
- updates MokoMakefile
- make clean-package-<foo>
- cleans the "<foo>" package
- make setup
- to make sure that any recent changes to the build directory structure have been applied
- make update
- to update the Openmoko repository checkout and the MokoMakefile patches to the latest version
- make setup-machine-neo
- setup for GTA01 version of Neo1973
- make setup-machine-freerunner
- setup for GTA02 version of Freerunner
Developing with MokoMakefile
NOTE: If using MokoMakefile with OM2007.2 then references to $OMDIR/openmoko should be replaced with $OMDIR/openembedded. Also references to tmp/work/armv4t-linux should be replaced with tmp/work/fic-gta01-angstrom-linux-gnueabi |
For the following explanations $OMDIR is the directory where there Makefile puts all the stuff.
To make in-tree changes and have them built and used by qemu:
cd $OMDIR/openmoko quilt new descriptive-patch-name.patch quilt add trunk/src/name-of-file-to-change # do this for every file you are about to modify ...make the changes... quilt refresh # this creates a file in $OMDIR/patches/openmoko-HEAD/ and updates the quilt series file there
Note: Do NOT use absolute paths as this confuses quilt and will get you a diff of the file against /dev/null!
To build the changes and have them used by qemu:
make build-qemu make flash-qemu-local make run-qemu
If you want to modify applications instead of the openmoko toolchain, this is what you have to do (example: openmoko-messages):
cd $OMDIR/build . ../setup-env bitbake -c patch openmoko-messages cd tmp/work/armv4t-linux/openmoko-messages-0.0.1+svnnow-r2_2276/openmoko-messages/ ...make the changes... cd - bitbake -c build openmoko-messages
Note: if you just use bitbake openmoko-messages it will remove the sources after building!
Then continue with MokoMakefile usage.
If you want to add an application to your openmoko distribution, do this: All file edits should be done using quilt as described above. That way a patch can easily be submitted to the openmoko project. First, create a directory that will correspond to your package and edit a .bb file in there:
cd $OMDIR/openmoko/ quilt new mycoolpackage.patch mkdir trunk/openembedded/packages/mycoolpackage quilt add trunk/openembedded/packages/mycoolpackage/mycoolpackage_1.bb quilt edit trunk/openembedded/packages/mycoolpackage/mycoolpackage_1.bb
The file should have the following content:
DESCRIPTION = "This is a cool package" SECTION = "username/mycoolpackage" PV = "1" inherit autotools SRC_URI = "http://www.example.com/download/mycoolpackage-1.tar.gz"
- DESCRIPTION - Just a short text explaining the package
- SECTION - I have no clue, but I'll use username/mycoolpackage for now
- PV - Package Version
- inherit autotools - The package can be compiled by './configure && make && make install' so we tell MokoMakefile to do it this way.
- SRC_URI = ... - This is the download location of the package source. It's imperative that the tar.gz contains a directory called packagename-packageversion (in this case: mycoolpackage-1) so that MokoMakefile can find it automatically or the build will fail.
This is not all. We also need to tell MokoMakfile that it needs to build and include the package in the image. To do this, do
$OMDIR/openmoko# quilt edit trunk/openembedded/packages/tasks/task-openmoko.bb
Here, increase the value PR by one and add mycoolpackage \ (with the backslash!) just before the line reading # update-alternatives \.
Now run
quilt refresh cd .. make update openmoko-devel-image
And if everything's alright you should now have an OpenMoko image to flash to your phone or run in qemu as described above.
Hello World application
There is a Hello World! tutorial available too.
MokoMakefile is recommended by 4 out of 4 new developers on #openmoko, with testimonials such as "For some reason last night I couldn't get my manual install of everything to work (bb complained about my bbpath I think) ... but with your makefile, it works great!", "MokoMakefile rocks!", "Wow this build system is nice - it just seems more polished than my gumstix toolchain buildroot system", "make openmoko-devel-image :) - no magic there", and "I have never been able to get a build to complete in the pure OE environment, whereas Mokomakefile for some reason builds fine."
Project page: http://mokomakefile.projects.openmoko.org/


text:
Summary of the Novel
The concepts of free enterprise and individual freedom no longer exist in 1984. Only three superpowers remain to dominate a world of hatred, isolation, and fear. Eurasia and Eastasia are two of these superpowers. Oceania, the other, is always at war with one of them.
Winston Smith is a 39-year-old employee at the Ministry of Truth, London, located in Oceania. His world is shaped by the Party and its dictator/leader Big Brother, whose face is everywhere on posters captioned "Big Brother Is Watching You." Big Brother controls life in Oceania through the four ministries of Peace, Love, Plenty, and Truth. Winston's job at the Ministry of Truth involves revisions of historical documents and rewrites of news stories to reflect the Party's infallibility.
The Party, which carries out government policies in Oceania, rations food, issues clothing, and selects social activities. Both chocolate and tobacco are in short supply during this latest war. Winston's clothing, including his tattered pajamas, is government issued, and his evenings are spent in government-sponsored meetings.
War and hatred dominate Oceania, where the Party monitors every move and expression with telescreens, hidden microphones, and spies. The Thought Police, Big Brother's secret militia, help the Party quell any sign of revolt by eliminating all who think or behave in a disloyal fashion. Hate Week intensifies feeling against Emmanuel Goldstein, Enemy of the People, while increasing devotion to Big Brother. The Party also preaches that the proles, the majority, are natural inferiors to be kept in check.
The Party, however, does not completely control Winston. He secretly buys an illegal diary in which he writes the heresy "Down With Big Brother." In doing so, he commits the worst offense, "thoughtcrime," a Newspeak term for the "essential crime that contained all others in itself." Many of Winston's thoughts revolve around his attempts to remember various events and people from his childhood, especially his mother who had disappeared years before. Winston tries to investigate the specifics of life in London before the Revolution, but it seems the Party has been successful in eradicating all remnants of daily life in the past.
Winston enters into an affair with the free-spirited Julia, a fellow employee at the Ministry of Truth. At the beginning they view their desire for one another as a political act against the Party dominated by hate and suspicion. Since promiscuity among Party members has been forbidden, they view their affair as an act of rebellion. As the affair continues, Winston's feelings for Julia change. Although the couple knows the affair is doomed, they continue to meet secretly in an attic room above a junk shop owned by Mr. Charrington, the man who sold the diary, and later, a coral paperweight, to Winston. The lovers discuss the repressiveness of their lives and the possibility of joining the Brotherhood, the secret underground of Emmanuel Goldstein whose express purpose is to overthrow Big Brother.
At work at the Ministry of Truth, Winston is approached by O'Brien, an acquaintance who seems to share his views. After Winston and Julia visit O'Brien at his apartment, he recruits them as members of the Brotherhood and promises to send them a copy of Goldstein's book, which details strategies to destroy Big Brother. Winston pledges to do whatever it takes, including murder and suicide, to erode the power of the Party.
The inevitable occurs when Julia and Winston are arrested in their secret room, betrayed by Mr. Charrington, a member of the Thought Police. Winston is taken to the Ministry of Love where he is starved, beaten, and tortured during the next months in an effort to "cure" him. Ironically, his torturer is O'Brien, who confirms his identity as a dedicated Inner Party member. Winston submits after a long struggle when he is taken to the mysterious room 101 and threatened with a cage of hungry rats prepared to devour him. At this point he finally betrays Julia.
Soon Winston is released, but he awaits the bullet he knows will extinguish him. He unexpectedly runs into Julia, who admits that she too had betrayed their love. Surprisingly, Winston feels no desire for her, preferring instead to take his usual seat at the Chestnut Street Cafe where he spends another night in his habitual alcoholic stupor. Winston knows that it is only a matter of time before the Party executes him; nevertheless, when the telescreen barks the news of the army's latest victory, he weeps with joy. The Party finally controls Winston, whose defeat is summed up in the final sentence, "He loved Big Brother."
Estimated Reading Time:
1984 is divided into three major sections of approximately equal length, each with separate chapters. Orwell also included an appendix on Newspeak. Thus, in order to maximize understanding, the reader should plan no fewer than four reading sessions.
By reading approximately 30 pages per hour, the reader should be able to complete the entire novel in 8 to 12 hours. He or she should also plan to spend more time on Part I, where Orwell establishes the frameworks of plot, characterization, and theme.
1. J. R. Hammond, A George Orwell Companion—A Guide to the Novels, Documents, and Essays (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982), pg. 172.
2. Ibid, pg. 173.


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Checking in at the airport
On this page:
Checking in
Checking in online is the fastest and simplest way of checking in. If you are unable to check in online, you can still check in at one of our self-service kiosks at the airport. These can be found at Departure Halls 1 and 2 at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.
In just a couple of easy steps you can check in yourself and your travelling companions. As when you check in online, you can choose your favourite seat on board.
This is how the kiosk works:
Step 1
Insert your passport or frequent flyer card, or enter your ticket number or booking code. Your booking details will appear on the screen.
Step 2
Select your seat on the seating map. You can also buy a seat in the Economy Comfort zone, a seat with extra legroom, or a preferred seat. Alternatively, you can treat yourself to an upgrade to World Business Class! All it takes is a credit card to make the change.
Step 3
Print your boarding pass.
Step 4
Do you have check-in baggage? Simply hand it over at the nearest baggage drop-off point, and proceed to the gate. Have a good trip!
If you are already checked in, you can also use the kiosks to print your boarding pass. They are available round the clock at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. At most other airports, the kiosks are available for checking in and printing boarding passes at least two hours before flight departure.
View a list of airports with kiosks>
Check-in for flights to Asia
You can also use our kiosks in Chinese, Korean and Japanese. These languages are also spoken by our assistants at the gate. They are gladly available for translation of all announcements made, and to help you with any questions before boarding.
SkyPriority services
When you are travelling in First or Business Class, as a Flying Blue Gold and Platinum or SkyTeam Elite Plus member, you can enjoy a dedicated check-in desk with fast check-in and red-carpet treatment.
We will also handle your baggage with priority: simply go to a self-service or a regular baggage drop-off point. At Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, these are located at check-in desks row 9, 10 and 11.
After check-in, SkyPriority passengers can pass through security or immigration using the priority fast lane at an increasing number of airports worldwide.
For a super smooth journey, simply look for the red SkyPriority signs!
Get to your gate faster from Privium Parking P2 at Amsterdam Airport
Please note: the Privium pedestrian bridge from P2 Parking to Piers B and C is closed. For more information, please visit the Schiphol website .
Check-in desks
You can also check in at the check-in desks for flights departing the same day. The check-in desks at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol for Schengen countries are located in Departure Hall 1, desk row 7, and for non-Schengen countries in Departure Hall 2, desk rows 12 and 13. On every day of the week, you can drop off your luggage from 4:30 am in the departure hall. Please check the airport monitors for the correct desk row.
Lounge check-in
Our KLM Crown Lounges at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Houston, Dubai and Toronto offer a comfortable and quiet check-in service. This service is also available in all Delta Sky Club Lounges and in the Air France lounge in terminal 2E, 2F and 2G at Paris-Charles de Gaulle.
Baggage drop-off point
If you have already checked in, you only need to hand over your check-in baggage at one of the baggage drop-off points at the airport. At Amsterdam Airport Schiphol for Schengen counties these are located in Departure Hall 1, desk row 7, and for non-Schengen countries in Departure Hall 2, desk rows 12 and 13. Most airports accept your baggage up to 2 hours before your flight departs on the day of departure.
You will be issued a baggage claim tag for every bag that you check in. Make sure to save these tags until you have received your baggage at your destination.
Self-service baggage drop-off
At Amsterdam Airport Schiphol you can deliver your baggage at a self-service baggage machine. For Schengen countries these are located in Departure Hall 1, desk row 7, and for non-Schengen countries these are located in Departure Hall 2, desk rows 12 and 13.
The self-service baggage drop-off points can be used if:
- you are already checked in, either online or at one of the kiosks;
- you are not bringing along more bags than the standard baggage allowance;
- you have valid travel documents;
If you have excess baggage, you can use the regular baggage drop-off points.
The self-service baggage drop-off point works as follows:
Step 1
Place one baggage item on the belt.
Step 2
Scan your boarding pass to identify yourself.
Step 3
Check the details about your booking that appear on the screen.
Step 4
An adhesive label will be printed automatically. Attach this label to your baggage and indicate on the screen that you have done so.
Step 5
The self-service baggage drop-off point will print out confirmation that you have checked in baggage. Make sure to save this confirmation. Your baggage is now checked in.
Please repeat these steps for every piece of baggage that you bring along.
Our colleagues would be happy to help you at the baggage drop-off points should you need assistance.


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Authorities hope to get a better look at a sinkhole that swallowed a man in his Florida home once demolition crews knock down the remaining walls of the house Monday and begin clearing away the debris.
Authorities hope to get a better look at a sinkhole that swallowed a man in his Florida home once demolition crews knock down the remaining walls of the house Monday and begin clearing away the debris.
The remainder of the house and its contents will be dragged toward the street so crews can recover items inside and keep debris from falling into the hole, Hillsborough County spokesman Willie Puz said Monday morning. Authorities were still not certain exactly how big the sinkhole is.
Crews on Sunday razed more than half the home, managing to salvage some keepsakes for family members who lived there.
The opening of the sinkhole has been covered by the home, but once emergency officials and engineers can see inside it more clearly, they could begin planning how to deal with it. They also need to decide what will happen to the two homes on either side of the now-demolished house. Experts say the sinkhole has "compromised" those homes, but it's unclear whether steps can be taken to save them.
Jeremy Bush, 35, tried to save his brother, Jeff, when the earth opened up and swallowed him Thursday night.
On Sunday morning, Bush and relatives prayed with a pastor as the home — where he lived with his girlfriend, Rachel Wicker; their daughter, Hannah, 2; and others — was demolished and waited for firefighters to salvage anything possible from inside. The home was owned by Leland Wicker, Rachel's grandfather, since the 1970s.
The operator of the heavy equipment worked gingerly, first taking off a front wall. Family belongings were scooped onto the lawn gently in hopes of salvaging parts of the family's 40-year history in the home.
As of Sunday afternoon — when demolition had stopped for the day and only a few walls remained — a Bible, family photos, a jewelry box and a pink teddy bear for Hannah were among the items saved. Firefighters also were able to pick out the purse of one of the women in the home.
Cheers went up from family, friends and neighbors each time something valuable was salvaged.
Wanda Carter, the daughter of Leland Wicker, cradled the large family Bible in her arms. She said her mother and father had stored baptism certificates, cards and photos between the pages of that Bible over the years.
"It means that God is still in control, and He knew we needed this for closure," she said, crying.
Carter said she spent from age 11 to 20 in the home, and she had to close her eyes as the home was knocked down.
"Thank you for all of the memories and life it gave us," she said.
The Rev. John Martin Bell of Shoals Baptist Church said he had been with the family all morning. "We just prayed with them," he said. He added that all five who lived in the house — Bush, Wicker, Hannah and two others ages 50 and 45 — were in need of support and prayers from the community.
Several generations of family members lived in the home at the time of the ground collapse, including Jeff Bush, the man now presumed dead.
The search for Jeff Bush, 37, was called off Saturday. He was in his bedroom Thursday night in Seffner — a suburb of 8,000 people 15 miles east of downtown Tampa — when the ground opened and took him and everything else in his room. Five others in the house at the time escape unharmed as the earth crumbled.
Jeremy Bush tried to save his brother by jumping into the sinking dirt hole. He had to be pulled out of the still-shifting hole by a Hillsborough County Sheriff's deputy, who was shaken when talking about the incident more than a day later.
"I've never seen anything move so fast and do so much destruction," Deputy Douglas Duvall said.
The Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office is conducting the investigation. Detective Larry McKinnon said the sheriff's office and the county medical examiner cannot declare Bush dead if his body is still missing. Under Florida law, Bush's family must petition a court to declare him deceased.
"Based on the circumstances, he's presumed dead; however, the official death certificate can only be issued by a judge and the family has to petition the court," McKinnon said.
The area around Seffner is known for sinkholes due to the geography of the terrain, but they are rarely deadly. No one — from longtime public safety officials to geologists — could remember an incident where a person was sucked into the earth without warning.


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